IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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I.I 


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£    U£    12.0 


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Hiotographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  145M 

(716)872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  IMicroreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^•■Wh-'^Vf" 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notat/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibllographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  Imagaa  in  tha 
raptoduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  are  chaclcad  balow. 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~n   Covara  damagad/ 


D 


Couvartura  endommagto 

Covara  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaurte  at/ou  palliculAo 


□   Covar  titja  miasing/ 
La 


D 
D 


D 


titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

iourad  mapa/ 
Cartaa  g6ographlques  an  coulaur 


r~n   Coloured  mapa/ 


□   Colourad  inic  il.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (l.a.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

r~|   Coloured  platea  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchea  at/ou  illuatrationa  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RellA  avac  d'autrea  documenta 

Tight  binding  may  cauae  ahadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  aarrie  peut  cauaer  de  i'ombre  ou  de  la 
diatortion  la  long  de  la  marge  IntArleure 

Blanit  leaves  added  during  reatoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  poaaibie.  thaaa 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
11  ae  peut  que  certalnea  pagea  blanchea  ajouttea 
iors  d'una  restauration  apparaiaaent  dana  la  texte, 
maia,  ioraqua  cela  itait  poaaibie,  cea  pagea  n'ont 
paa  AtA  fllmtea. 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm^  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  iui  a  AtA  poaaibie  de  ae  procurer.  Lea  details 
da  cet  exemplaire  qui  aont  paut-Atre  uniquea  du 
point  da  vue  bibliographiqua,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dana  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
aont  indiquia  ci-daaaoua. 


r~1   Coloured  pagea/ 


Pagea  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pagea  endommagAea 

Pagea  reatored  and/oi 

Pagea  restaurtea  at/ou  pelllcultea 

Pagos  diacoloured,  atained  or  foxai 
Pages  dAcolortes,  tachatiea  ou  piquAea 

Pagea  detached/ 
Pagea  dAtachtea 

Showthroughy 
Tranaparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  InAgale  de  i'lmpreaslon 

Includea  aupplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  materiel  auppMmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  diaponible 


r~|  Pages  damaged/ 

r~n  Pagea  reatored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~l  Pagos  diacoloured,  atained  or  foxed/ 

PyT  Pagea  detached/ 

rni  Showthrough/ 

r~n  Quality  of  print  variea/ 

r~~|  Includea  aupplementary  material/ 

|~n  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obacured  by  errata 
allpa.  tiaauea,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
enaure  the  beat  poaaibie  Image/ 
Les  pagea  totalement  ou  partlellement 
obacurclea  par  un  feuiiiet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  At4  filmtea  A  nouveau  de  faqon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  Image  poaaibie. 


r~71   Additional  commanta:/ 

L^    Commantairea  supolAmantairas: 


Pages  [lii]  •{¥,¥-  vl  bound  out  of  Mquonca  in  boolc. 


This  Item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indlquA  ci-deaaoua. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

A. 

12X 

16X 

aox 

a«x 

28X 

32X 

•%^:n;^<^' 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Scott  Library, 
Yoric  University 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quelity 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  In  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  endlr  i  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustreted  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printud 
or  Illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  d  la 
gAnArositA  de: 

Scott  Library, 
Yorit  University 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  ie 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  netteti  de  l'exemplaire  f ilm6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprlmto  sent  filmfo  en  commenpant 

f      par  ie  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
^  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 

f      d'Impresslon  ou  d'iiiustratlon,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  selon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sent  fllmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'iiiustratlon  et  en  termlnant  par 
la  dernlire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparaftra  sur  ia 
dernidre  Image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  ie  symbols  —^  signifle  "A  SUIVRE",  Ie 
symbols  y  signifle  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  es  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diegrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  6tre 
fllmte  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  ciichA,  11  est  f  llmA  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  ie  nombre 
d'images  nteessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iilustrent  la  mAthode. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

* 


4 


31^ 


<•« 


^ 


V 

m 


.'Bmmom.^t'^^' 


i*    '    '.   •>  1 


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1i 
I 

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1  !^ 


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iri.i^ 


Knyriwei/  /or.\Jorse 


_4_ 

Ve^t  from  /i|gT.oncLon 


S5. 


THE 


AMERICAN    GAZETTEER, 


EXHIBITIMO 


A  FULL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

CIVIL  DIVISIONS,  RIVERS,  HARBOURS, 
INDIAN  TRIBES,  tsfc. 


OF   THB 


i  ■\, 


«:'  .:    i 


AMERICAN  CONTINENT, 


ALSO   OF  TKB 

WEST  INDIA 

AND  OTHER  APPENDANT  ISLANDS  ; 


J'  ;-,s  ■•  ;;'i^':.;»     yiStt'^ 


vnru 


A  PARTICULAR   DESCRIPTION   OP 


LOUISIANA. 


j° 


1" 


Compiled  from  t'  '  H-^ft  Authoritiei, 

Br  JEDIDIAH  MORSL,  D,D.  J.J.S.  S.HS 

,^         Author  of  the  American  Univerfal  Geography. 
•      ILLUSTRATED  WITH  MAPS. 


SECOND  EDITION, 
REVISED,    CORRECTED,   AND   ENLARGED. 


fVBllSHED  ACCOXDtlfa  TO  ACT  OF  CONGRESS. 

CibarUClofon : 
Pkintss  »t  and  ton.  SAMUEL  ETHERIDGE,  and  roa 

THOMAS  AND  ANDREWS, 

BOSTON, — 1804. 


60 


I.     ' '     '  '■■*.' 

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(■"■ 


District  of  Massachusetts i  te  nvtt. 


■'i£ 


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x5e  it  tcmemb^red,  That  on  the  twenty  fixth  day  of  February,  in  tht 

eighteen  hundred  and  fourth  year  of  our  Lord,  and  in  the  twen^  eighth  year  of  ths 
Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America,  JEDIDIAH  M^SE,  of  the  faid  dif- 
tritfl,  hath  depotited  in  this  Office,  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  whereof  he  claimt  as 
Author  and  Proprietor,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit.  ^"  Thk  AMERICAN  GAZ- 
ETTEER, exhibiting  a  full  account  of  the  Civil  Divifit;*:!,  Rivers,  H^liours,  Indian 
TribeK,  &c.  of  the  /Unerican  Continent,  alfo  of  the  Wefl^India  and  other  appendant 
I/lands;  and  a  particular  dcfcription  of  Louifiana.  Compiled  froin  the  bell  authori- 
ties, by  JllDIDIAjH  MORSE,  D.  D.  A.  A.  S.  S.  H.  S.  author  of  the  Amkhican  Uni- 
veasAi.  GEotiRArur.  lUuflrated  with  maps.  Second  edition,  revifed,  corredled,  and 
enlarged. 

In  voufurmity  to  tlic  Atftof  the  Congrefs  of  the  United  State*,  entitled,  "  An  A«!t 
for  the  cncourugcnuent  of  Learning,  by  fecuring  the  Copies  of  Maps,  Charts,  and 
Duoks,  to  tite  Authors  and  Proprietors  of  fuch  Copies,  during  the  times  therein  men- 
tioned :"  and  alfo  to  an  A«5t  entitled,"  An  A<St  fupplcmentery  to  an  A(£t, entitled,  Aii 
Adl  for  the  encouragement  of  Learning,  by  fecuring  the  Copies  of  Maps,  Charts,  and 
Books,  to  tlie  Authors  and  Proprietors  of  fuch  Copies,  du/ixtgthe  times  therein  men- 
tioned ;  andextcntiin^thebeiiellts  thereof  tu  the  Arts  uf  Defigning,  Engraving  an4 
iEtching  Hifloricr.1,  and  o;h(.r  i'riuts,"  ... 

N.  GOODAI.E,  Cleri  •ftlt  Difuin 
of  MaJfadiiftiU, 
A  true  Cohy »/ SictrJ-  7  .-i    ;  i         ,  .  .^  ». 


A't<f-i  N.  GoooALi:,  Chi 


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.PnEFACB. 


pilation  of  the  other  vohimc  of  this  work.  His 
afliftance  has  been  engaged,  for  the  double  pur^ 
pofe  of  leflcning  the  literary  labours  of  tlic  Au- 
thor, and  of  increaling  the  value  of  the  work, 
by  the  aid  of  his  extenfivc  rcfearchcs  into  fubr 
jecSls  of  this  nature,  and  of  his  peculiar  talent  in 
condcnfing  the  fub();ance  of  large  volumes  into  a 
foiail  compafs.    ,^ :  '         i     - 

A  fpecific  name  for  our  country  has  long  been  a 
dcftderatum.  The  want  of  it  has  been  felt  by  orur 
citizens,  who  hav(^  vifited  foreign  countries,  by  our 
Legiflators,  and  efpecially  by  geographical  writers. 
Much  has  been  faid  in  private  converfation,  and 
feme  things  have  been  written,  on  the  fubjeft. 
The  epoch  of  the  addition  of  Louifiana  to  the 
United  States,  is  thought  to  be  a  fit  time  to  intro- 
duce fuch  2i  generic  name  for  our  country,  Several 
names  have  been  fu^gefted*  Fredo^^ia,  Colum- 
bia, and  America,  hayo  each  their  advocates.  The 
latter,  could  Xi  be  appropriated  to  the  territory  unr 
der  the  government  of  the  United  States,  and  dilr 
tinguifh  its  inhabitants  from  all  other  Americans, 
would  undoubtedly  be  entitled  to  the  preference. 
But  this  is  thought  \o  be  impradlicable.  Several 
reafons  have  been  urged  in  favor  of  Columbia, 
It  would  be  honorary  to  the  memory  of  the  dif- 
coverer  of  America,  apd  it  is  already  partially  in- 
troduced ;  but  it  will  not  fo  happily  run  through 
all  the  variations,  important  in  a  generic  name,  as 
Fredonia.     For  no  other  reafon  has  the  latter 

the 


mmm 


u 


a  PREFACE. 

the  preference.  With  a  view  merely  to  introduce 
the  fubjedl  before  the  public,  and  to  invite  their 
attention  to  it,  an  example  is  given,  in  the  Appcum 
dix^  under  the  head,  Fredonia,  to  fliew  the  con* 
venience  and  utility  of  fuch  a  general  nam^  The 
Author  has  not  the  temerity  or  the  vanity  to  think 
of  giving  a  name  to  his  country.  He  would  not 
be  confidered  as  the  flrenuous  advocate  of  any  one 
of  thofe  above  fuggefted.  He  only  wifhes  that  th^ 
governmenti  whofe  right  it  is,  would  fix  upon 
and  eflablifh  a  fpecific  name,  which  fhall  hon- 
ourably diftinguifh  our  country  and  its  inhabit* 
ants,  from  the  reft  of  the  world, 

CHAJtLESTOfTN,  (Mm.)  MARcp  xft,    i?04. 


■v'./:-f.  -  .  •'  ■  ' 


5\'Ji,  Vi,     .'    ►■ 


GAZETTEER 


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7  sr 


PREFACE. 


HE  firft  edition  of  the  American 
CJA2ETTBER  was  publiihed  iii  the  year  1797. 
The  work  was  confidered  as  incomplete  without  a 
(econd  volume,  which  fhould  embrace  the  othet 
three  quarters  of  the  globe.  This  was  according- 
ly compiled  and  publiihed,  under  the  title  of  "  A 

NEW  GAZETTEER.  OF  THE  EASTERN  CONTINENT, 

in  1802.  Thefe  two  volumes  profelTedly  defcribe, 
from  the  beft  authorities,  all  the  places  of  im- 
portance on  the  habitable  earth.  ;  , 

A.  new  edition  of  the  firft  volume  being  called 
for,  the  Author  now  offers  it  to  the  public,  whofe 
patronage  he  has  liberally  and  gratefully  ihared, 
and  which  it  has  been,  and  will  be,  his  ambition 
to  deferve.  Neither  labour  nor  expenfe  have  been 
Q)ared  to  enrich  this  new  edition  from  the  numerous 
fources  of  information,  which  have  been  opened 
fince  the  firft  was  publiihed.  Much  has  been  de-- 
rived  from  obliging  correfpondents,  whofe  favor* 
are  thankfully,  though  the)'  cannot  be  particularly, 
acknowledged.  More  has  been  colleded  from  the 
very  valuable  Maps  and  Publications,  which  have 
appeared  fince  the  laft  feven  years.    Several  of  the 

moll 


r 


mm 


w 


PREFACE. 


I>f 


,    -: 


J- 


mod  impoi'tant  of  thefe  are  named  as  authorities 
in  the  body  of  the  Work. 

A  topographical  defcription  of  Upper  Canada, 
drawn  up  by  DaviI)  W.  Smith,  Efq.  Surveyor  Gen- 
eral of  that  Province,  and  his  excellent  Maps  of  Up- 
per and  Lower  Canada,  have  furnilhed  a  particular 
and  correct  view  of  this  portion  of  the  Britifli  do- 
minions. The  new  and  valuable  Map  of  New  York, 
by  B.  Simeon  de  Witt,  Efq.  Surveyor  General  of 
that  State,  has  alfo  been  faitlifully  confulted.  The 
cenfus  of  1800  has  been  of  important  ufe  in  per- 
fedling  this  edition.  r  '   sh.  7  • 

'  Moft  of  the  articles,  efpecially  in  the  United 
States,  have  been  improved,  and  feveral  thoufand 
new  ones  have  been  added.  To  give  place  to  thefe 
additions,  without  dwelling  the  work  to  too  expen- 
five  a  fize,  many  articles  have  been  abridged,  abbre- 
viations have  been  adopted,  and  a  type  of  a  fmalkr 
fize,  than  in  the  firfl  edition,  has  been  ufccL.w  . 

The  article  Louisiana^*  has  received  all  the 
attention,  which  its  newly  acquired  importance 
to  the  United  States,  demands.  •    ,, ,., 

^  *^   In  the  revifion  of  this  edition,  the  Author  has 

received  the  afTiflance  of  his  worthy  literary  friend, 

the  Rev.  Elijah  Parish,  his  partner  in  the  com- 

^    ~       ■■■-'"  \  pilation 

*  Some  information,  omitted  by  accident  under  this  head,  will  be 
found  in  the  Appetidixt  under  the  article  Freponia.  » 


luthorities 


GAZETTEER 


;r  Canada, 
veyor  Gen- 
/laps  of  Up- 
a  particular 
Britifli  do- 
f  New  York, 
•General  of 
fulted,   The 
t  life  in  per- 

L  the  United 

:ral  thoufand 

(lace  to  thefe 

to  too  expen- 

dged,  abbre- 

ofafmalkr 

nfed.   oi^-< 

:eived  all  the 
importance 

le  Author  has 
jterary  friend, 
in  the  com- 
pilation 

this  head,  viU  be 


OF   THE 


WESTERN  CONTINENT. 


ABI         ,         ^ 

j4aR0N!? BURGH,  lies  at  the  head 
of  Penn'n  Creek,  Northumberland  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  about  30  miles  wefterly 
from  Lewifburgh,  and  40  W  by  N  from 
Sunbury.  It  contains  40  dwellings,  a 
German  Lutheran,  and  Calvinid  church. 
Lat.  40  J3  N.    Lon.  2  aj  W. 

Abacco,  or  Providence,  t)ne  of  the  Ba- 
hama iiiands,  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  fub- 
jei5l  to  Great  Britain,  N  lat.  24.  W  lon. 
77.      See  Providence. 

Abacoochee,  or  Goofet,  a  large  river  rif- 
ing  in  Tcnnefle,  paiCng  into  Georgia, 
through  the  Cherokee  into  the  Creek 
country,  where  it  unites  with  the  Oak- 
fuikec,  and  forms  the  Alibama. 

Abbivilli,  a  didriiSl  of  S  Carolina,  con- 
taining ii,SSi  people,  of  whom  2964  are 
Haves. 

Abbeville  County,  in  Ninety-Six  diftrid):, 
S  Carolina,  bounded  on  the  N  £  by 
the  Saluda,  and  on  the  S  W  by  the  Sa- 
vannah, ib  35  miles  in  length  and  2i  in 
breadth;  contains  9197  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 1665  flave*.  The  lands  of  this 
county  are  rich  and  well  watered  by  fev- 
erd  dreams  which  fall  into  Savannah  and 
Saluda  rivcrj.  Abbeville  court  houfe  is 
the  feat  ofjudice  in  the  above  county. 
It  has  a  magazine,  arfenal,  and  jail. 

Abercorn,  a  fmall  tuwa  on  Savannah 
river,  in  Georgia,  about  5  miles  from 
Ebenezcr,  and  18   N  W  of  Savannah. 

Abineiui  Port,  on  the  N  fide  of  Lake 
Erie,  is  about  13  miles  W  S  W  from 
Fort  Erie. 

Abingdon,  a  town  at  the  head  of  the 
tidewaters  of  Bufli  river,  Harford  coun- 
ty, Maryland;  12 miles  S  W  from  Hav- 
re de  Grace,  and  20  N  £  from  Balti- 


ABR 

morr.  Cokefbury  College,  inftltated  by 
the  Mcthodifts,  in  1785,  is  in  this  town. 
Abingdon,  the  chief  town  of  Wafiiing- 
ton  county,  Virginia,  has  363  inhabitant*, 
and  is  about  145  miles  from  Campbell's 
ftation,  near  Holfton  ;  260  from  Rich- 
mond, in  Virginia,  in  a  d!rc<a  line,  and 
310  as  the  road  runs,  bearing  a  little  to 
theS  of  W,  Lat.  3630  N. 

Abin^toH,  atownfhip  in  Plymouth  coun- 
ty, Maflachufetts ;  22  miles  foutheatterly 
lromBofton,and  contains  1623  inhabitants. 
Abington,  a  parifli  in  the  town  of  Pom- 
fret,  in  Conne<fticut. 

Abington,  a  village  in  PcnnfylTania,  i» 
miles  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Abiponi,  an  Indian  nation  in  Paraguay 
S  America.  They  are  a  warlike  race, 
catching  and  taming  the  wild  horfes  in- 
troduced by  the  Spaniards  ;  their  cavalry 
arc  formidable.  They  are  fo  far  from  the 
rational  opinions  taught  in  thcgofpel,  th«t 
they  have  no  idea  of  God.  Their  magi- 
cians are  their  tyrants,  who  irflruft  them 
that  there  is  an  evil  demon  ;  polygamy 
is  allowed,  and  mothers  frequentlydeftroy 
their  infants  that  they  may  be  more  at- 
tentive to  their  hufbands.  So  wretched 
are  the  people,  fo  dreadful  the  fftate  of 
morals  where  the  gofpcl  is   unknown. 

Abitibbi,  a  fmall  lake  in  Upper  Cana- 
da ;  on  the  S  fide  of  which  is  a  ftttle- 
ment  called  Frederick,  which  lad  lies  in 
N  lat.  49,  W  long.  79  40.  Alfo  the 
name  of  a  river  which  runs  N  and  jom» 
Moole  river,  nearits  mouth  at  James  bay. 
Alram'f  Creel,  falls  into  Hudfon's  riv- 
er, niai  the  city  of  Hudfon. 

Abtjjos,  or   Baxos  ds  Bibuca^  a  bank, 
with  i'everal  fmall  rocks  and  iiles  E  of 

Turk*. 


AC  A 

Turk's Ifland.inNht.  115,  W  Ion. 69  4<?. 
Between  this  bank  and  Turk's  ifland  is  a 
deep  channel,  for  (hips  of  any  burden,  3 
leagues  wide. 

Abrolhos,  dangerous  flioals,  about  50 
miles  from  the  coad  of  Brazil,  and  near 
the  illand  of  St.  Barbe. 

Abfi-ctn  Seach,  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
Jerfey,  i6  miles  S  W  from  Little  iJgg 
Harbour. 

Acadia,  the  name  by  which  Nova  Sco- 
tia was  called,  when  it  belonged  to  the 
■French.  Its  limit*,  as  fettled  by  the  trea- 
ty of  Utrecht,  in  1713.  were  St.  Law- 
rence river  on  the  N,  J'enobfcot  W,  and 
the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on  the  R.  This 
name  was  firfl  applied  to  a  tra(£b,  from 
the  40th  to  the  46th  degrees  of  N  lat. 
granted  to  De  Mons,  Nov.  8,  1603,  by 
Henry  IV.  of  France. 

Acapnia,  or  Acapuh,  3  town  in  the 
province  of  Chiapa,  New  Spain.  Ft  is 
utuated  on  the  I'obafco  river,  near  the 
city  of  Chiapa,  and  not  far  from  a  bay 
io  the  South  Sea,  called  Teguantipac. 

Acapuho,  a  city  in  New  Spain,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  %%o  miles  S  £ 
of  Mexico  ;  the  chief  port  in  this  fea, 
and  the  principal  mart  on  the  whble  coaQ. 
It3  harbour   is  fo  fpacious  that  feveral 
hondrcd    fliips  may  ride    in    it    with 
conYcnience.   The  mouth,  which  is  de- 
fended by  a  low  ifland,  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  long,  and  half  a  mile  broad,  hav- 
ing a  wide   and  deep   channel  &t  each 
end;  the  wefternmoft  channel  is  the  nar- 
rowed, but  fo  deep  that  there  is  no  an- 
choring ;  and   the  Manilla  fliips  pafs  in 
that  way  ;  but  thofe  from   Lima  enter 
through  the  S  W  channel.    This  harbour 
runs   N    about   3   miles ;  then  growing 
very  narrow,  turns  fliort  to  the  W,  and  a 
mile  farther  it   terminates.    The  town 
ftands  at  the   mouth  of  this  pafTagt,  on 
the  N  W  fide,  clofe  by  the  fea,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  town  is  a  platform  mount- 
ed with  guns.     OppoGte  to  the  town,  on 
the  E  fide,  is  a  high   and  ftrong  caftle, 
with  guns  of  a  large  fize.    Ships  common- 
ly ride  near  the  bottom  of  tht  harbour, 
tinder   the  command  of  the    caQIe   and 
platform.  1  he  town,  furrounded  by  very 
high  mountains,  is  fo  unhealthy,  fodefii- 
tute  of  good  water,  and  fo  difagreeable, 
that  except  whtn  the  Manilla  galeon  is 
there,  and  while  the  confequent  fair  con- 
tinues, it  !■;  a'moft  dtfcrted  by  the  inhab- 
itants.    When   fhe  arrives   in  this  port, 
<kc  is  generally  moored  on  its  weftern 
fide;  and  her  cargo,  confiftingof  fpiccs, 


ACA 

all  forts  of  Chincfc  filks  and   manuf^ic- 
tnres,  filk  ftocHngs,  Indian  ftufls, calicoes, 
chintz,  together  with  other  fniall  articles, 
as   goldfniiLhs   work,  &c.  arc    dcUvcrtcl 
with  all  expedition  ;  when    the   town  of 
Acapulco.lroni  almoft  folitudc,  is  ihrong- 
ed  with  merchants  from  all  parts  of  Mex- 
ico and  Peru.    The  cargo  being  landed, 
the  filver  and  the  goods  intended  for  Man- 
illa aretakcn  onboard,  and  the  fliip  pre- 
pares to  put  to  fea  with  the  utmoft  expe- 
dition.    The  galton  takes  in  here,  in'rc- 
turn  for  the  goods  which  tlie  brings,  at 
leaft   teft  millions  of  oolKrs,  a   part  of 
which  pays  the  Spanilh  garrifuns  in  the 
Philippine    ifland^.     The   commerce    of 
this  place  with  Peru  is  not,  as  many  wri- 
ters have  fuppufcd,  confined  only  to  tlie 
annual  fliip  from  Lima  ;  for  at  all  other 
feafons  of  the  year,  except  that  wheiein 
the  Acapulco  ihip  arrives,  the  trade   is 
open,  and  fhips  from  Peru  come  hither 
frequently  to  exchange  the  commodities 
of  that   country  for  thofe    of  Mexico. 
From  the  end  of  November  to  the  end  of 
May,  they  have  no  rain  here,  and  it  is  fo 
hot  mjanuary  when  the  fair  generally  be- 
gins, that  merchants  are  obliged  to  do 
their  bufinefs  chiefly  in  the  morning.  When 
the  fair  is  over,  almoft  every  body  leaves 
the  place  but  a  few  blacks  and  mulattoes. 
The  town  is  governed  by  a  chief  juftice, 
who  has  ao,ooo  pieces  of  eight  per  annum  ; 
and  the  curate,  though  allowed  but  i8o 
pieces  of  eight,  makes  his  place  worth 
14,000  by  the  burial  fees  of  ftrangers 
who  die  here,  of  on  board  the  fliips  in 
i  the  harbour.     There  is  an  hofpital  main- 
tained here,  by  deductions  from  the  pay 
of  the  foldiers,  and  the  alms  of  the  mer- 
chants.    Within   a   league  of  the  E  of 
Acapulcoj  is  Port  Marquis,  a  very  good 
harbour,  where  the  fliips  from  Peru  gen- 
erally run  in  contraband  goods.  Lat.  17 
aa  N,  Ion.  loz  ao  W. 

Acarai,  a  town  in  Paraguay,  S  Amer- 
ica, built  by  the  Jcfuits,  in  1624,  N  lat. 
as,  W  Ion.  51  5. 

Acofabjjlum,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Vera  Paz,  in  Mexico.  It  runs  into  the 
GoUo  Dulcc,  atid  has  a  town  fituattd  oa 
Its  banks,  of  the  fame  name.  Tht  fourte 
of  thii  river  is  pot  far  from  the  S.  Sea. 
yi(:<»/;//yt«/a,a  fea  port.fituatcd  on  a  point 
of  land,  in  the  province  of  Guatimala 
Proper,  in  Mexico,  on  a  bay  of  the  South 
Sea,  about  four  leagues  from  Trinidad. 
It  rtctivcs  the  grCateft  part  of  the  treaf- 
ures  from  Peru  anil  Mexico.  In  its 
neighbourhood  are  tlute  voUanoes. 

Aioma^ 


Ace 


\, 


ADA 

.  Acama,  a  town  in  Nev/  A  xico,  North, 
Amcrca,  fituated  on  a  high  mountain 
with  a  flrong  caflle,  and  is  the  capital  of 
the  province.     N  lat.  35,  W  Ion.  104  15. 

Accomack  County, tn  Virginia, is  fituated 
on  a  peninfuia,  bounded  N  by  Maryland, 
E  by  the  Ocean,  and  on  the  W  by  Chef- 
apcak  bay,  and  contains  11,164  free  in- 
habitants, and  4,4x9  flavcii.  It  is  jo 
miles  long,  13  broad. 

Acklins  Key,  lies  about  JO  miles  S  E 
f;om  Long  liland,  or  Yutna,  one  of  the 
Bahama  iilands.  It  has  l.ung  Key  12 
miles  to  thcNW.  Upon  the  foiith  eaft- 
>v:>rd  fide  is. an  entire  chain  of  recks.  N 
lat.  12  10,  Wlon.  73  30. 

Achiachica,  a  town  in  Mexico.  See 
jtSgclot. 

A'-oiifz,  an  Indian  nation  in  Canada. 

Acqi'acinaci,  or  Acquatinunk,  a  town  on 
the  \V  fide  of  Paflaick  river,  in  Effex 
county,  New  Jerfey,  10  milts  N  of  New- 
ark, and  17  N  VVfrom  New  York. 
.  Afion,  atownfhip  ki  Miudlcfex  county, 
Malfachufetts,  containing  901  inhabit- 
ants ;  21  miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 

Actvortb,  a  townfhip  in  Chefliire  coun- 
ty, New  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  contains  704  inhabitants; 
8  miles  E  by  N  from  Ch.irltfh)wn,  and 
73  N  W  by  W  from  Portfmomh. 

Adams,  atownOiip  in  Bs-rkfliire  county, 
Mafliichufetts,  containing  1688  inhabit- 
ants, is  142  miles  N  Wof  Bofton.  In  the 
northern  part  of  this  town,  is  a  great  nat- 
ural curiofity.  A  pretty  mill  ftream, 
cilled  Hudfon's  Brook,  which  riles  in 
Vermont,  and  falls  into  the  north  branch 
of  Hoofuck  river,  has,  for  30  or  40  rods, 
formed  a  very  deep  channel,  in  fonie 
places  60  fpct  deep,  through  a  quarry  of 
white  marble.  Over  this  chanucl,  where 
dccpeft,  fonic  of  tite  rocks  remain,  and 
form  a  natural  bridge.  From  the  top  of 
this  bridge  to  the  water,  is  (m  feet  ;  its 
length  is  about  12  or  15,  and  its  breadth 
about  10.  Partly  under  this  bridge,  and 
about  10  or  13  feet  below  it,  is  anwther, 
which  is  wider,  but  not  fo  long ;  for.at  the 
caft  end  they  form  one  body  of  rock,  I2 
or  14  feet  thick,  and  under  this  the  water 
flows.  The  rocks  here  are  moftjy  white, 
and  in  other  places  clouded,  like  thccoarfe 
marble  common  at  lianeiborough,  and 
m  other  towns  in   Berkfliire   county. 

W(/jwj,aCountyof  Pcnnfylvaniabound- 
ed  N  by  Cumberland  and  Sby  Maryland, 
containing  314,880  acres.  Chief  town 
Oettyfburg.  The  county  is  divided  into  16 
«uwniljips,andcontainsi3ii7iinhabitants. 


A  G  A 

AJams,  «  county  of  this  Stale  of  OMo, 
containing  3432  inhabitants. 

Adamt,  a  county  of  tht  Miffiflppi  ter- 
ritory, containing  4660  inhabitants,  of 
whom  225  7  arc  Haves. 

Adamstoivn,  a  town  iti  Laittfaftcf  coun- 
ty", Pcnnfylvania,  containing  about  40 
houfes  ;  20  miles  N  £  of  Lancader. 
Adoyii.  See  Mexicano  River. 
Addifnn  County,  in  Vermont,  is  on  the 
eaft  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  divid- 
ed nearly  into  equal  parts  by  Otter  Creek  ; 
has  Chittenden  county  on  tHe  N,  and  Rut- 
land county  on  the  S,  and  contains  13,4 1 7 
inhabitants,  difptrfcd  id  21  tewnlbips. 
It  is  about  30  mihsby  27  :  a  range  of  the 
green  mountains  paffcs  through  it.  Chief 
towuMiddlebury,  granted  Nov.  X761. 

Addifu'i,  a  town  of  the  above  county, 
734  inhabitants.  It  lief  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  ib  fcparated  ft-om  Newhaven-, 
on  the  E  by  Otter  creek.  Snake  Moun- 
tain, on  the  S  E  lie  partly  in  this  town- 
fliip,  granted  1761. 

Addifon,  a  town  in  Wafliington  t'oun- 
ty,  Maine,  lying  on  the  fej,  with  Indian 
river  for  its  Eaft  and  Pleafant  river  bay- 
its  W  lx)und;iry,  10  miles  S  W  of  Machias. 
Adequatannie  Creek,  in  New  York  ftatC, 
is  the  eaftern  head  water  of  Sul'quehannah 
river. 

AJiiihilty  B.JY,  and  Port  Mnlgrave,  on 
the  N  W  coaft  of  America,  lie  in  N  lat. 
J9  3I' W  Ion.  r4o  18. 

Adfons  Toivn,  lies  near  the  N  Eline  of 
Nc w Jerfey, andSE  ofthc Drowned  Lands; 
27  miles  N  of  Morrittown,  and  24  N  W 
of  Patterfon. 

Ajfiitrii,  one  of  theiflands  of  Juan  Fcr- 
riandes,  on  the  South  Sea  coaft,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Chiti.  Lon.  from  the  me- 
ridian of  Callao,  30  20,  about  400  leagues 
to  the  N  of  Cape  Horn.  This  coaft 
fwarms  with  fca  lions  and  wolves. 

Agameiiticus,  a  mountain  of  confiderable 
elevation  in  the  diftritl  of  Maine,  diftant 
about  6  miles  from  Bald  Head,  and  8 
from  York  harbour.  Lat.  43  16  N,  and 
70  39  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich.  It  is  a 
noted  landmark  for  fcamen,  and  is  a 
good  diretSlory  for  the  entry  of  Pafcata- 
qua  harbour,  as  it  lies  very  nearly  in  the 
fanie  meridian  with  it,  and  with  Pigeon 
Hill,  on  Cape  Ann.  I'he  mountain  is 
covered  with  wood  and  fhrubs,  and  af- 
fords pafture  up  to  its  fummit,  where 
there  is  an  enchanting  profpeA.  The 
cultivated  parts  of  the  country,  efpecial- 
Jyon  the  S  and  SAV  appear  as  a  bcauti- 
fuj  garden,  interfc(2ed  by  the  majeftic 

river 


AL  A 


ALA 


tivtr  Pafcataqua,  its  bajrs  and  branches. 
The  imtnenfe  ranges  of  mountains  on  tht 
N  and  N  W  afibrd  a  fublimc  fpc«£Vacte ; 
and  on  the  fea  Gde,  the  various   indent- 
ings  of  the  coaft.from  Cape  Ann  to  Capr 
Elizabeth,  are  plainly  in  view  in  a  cle  ii 
day  ;  and  the  Atlantic  Arctches  to  the  £ 
as  far  as  the  power  of  vifion   ex'.ends 
At  this  fpot  the  bearings  of  the  ruilowing 
objects  were  taken,  with  a  good  furvey- 
ing  inftrument,  0(Stober  ii,  1780. 
^ummitof  the  WhitcMountains,N  15  W. 
Cape  Porpoife,  N  63  E. 
Rochcftcr  Hill,  N  64  W. 
Tuckaway  South  Peak,  S  80  W. 
Froft*,  Hill,  Kittcry,  S  57  W. 
Saddle  of  Bonabeag,  N  14  W. 
Ifle  of  Shoals  Meeting  Houfe,  S  6  E. 
Varncy's  Hill,  in  Dover,  diftant   loj 
miles  by  menfuration,  N  89  \V. 
Variation  of  the  needle,  6  W. 
jtgameniicut,  a  river  in  the  centre  of 
York  county,  diftrii9:  of  Maine.     It  is  in- 
debted to  the  ocean  for  its  waters, through 
Pafcataqua  bay  ;  having  no  coniiderable 
aid  fronx  tlreams   of  frcfli    water.      Its 
mouth    is  about  4  miles  fouthcrly  from 
Cape  Neddie  river.     Small  veiTcIs   can 
enter  here. 

AgamuntU,  or  jimaguntic  PonJ,  in  the 
difVricl  of  Maine,  fends  its  waters  north- 
ward to  the  Chaudiere,  through  the  weft 
branch  of  that  river. 

Agomifo,zn  ifland  in  James  Bay,  near  its 
weftern  coall,   N  NE  from  Albany  Fort. 
Aguga  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of    Peru,  S 
America,  lies  fouthward  of  Puira ,  in  the 
6th  dcg.  of  S  lat.  and  in  the  Sad  of  W  Ion. 
Aianfas,  fee  Arhanfas. 
Alabaha,   a    confiderable    river   in   E 
Floridx     Alfo  laid  to  be  the   name  of  a 
branch  of  St.  Mary's  river.      See  Appen. 
Alabama,  an  Indian  village,  delightfully 
fituated  on   the  banks  of  the  MiiTifippi, 
on  feveral  fwelling  green  hills,  gradually 
afcending  from  the  verge  of  the  river. 
Thefe  Indians  are  the  remains  of  the  an- 
cient Alabama  nation,  who  inhabited  the 
eaft  arm  of  the  Gnat  Mobile  river,  which 
ftill  bears  their  name,  now  poflelTed  by 
the  Creeks,  or  Mufcogulges,  who  conquer- 
ed the  former. 

Alabama  River,  a  large  navigable  river 
of  Georgia,  is  formed  by  the  jundlion  of 
the  Confa  or  Confec,  or  High  Town  river, 
and  Tallapoofce  river,  at  Little  Tallafee, 
and  runs  in  a  S  W  direiSlion,  until  it 
meets  Tombigbee  river  from  the  N  W  at 
the  great  ifland  which  it  there  forms,  90 
Biilcs  from  the  mautb  of  Mobile  bay,  in 


the  fulf  of  Mexico.  This  beautiful  river 
hasatgcntle  current,  pure  waters,  and 
;  xcc-ll  nt  fifli.  It  runs  about  a  miles  an 
iinur,  is  70  or  80  rods  wide  at.  its  head, 
and  from  15  to  18  feet  deep,  in  the  dritrt 
feafon.  The  banks  art  about  .i;c  kct 
high,  and  fcldom,  if  ever,  overfl'.wtd. 
Travellers  have  gone  down  in  large  boats, 
in  the  month  of  May,  in  9  days  from 
Little  Tallafee  to  Mobile  b;iy,  which  is 
about  350  miles  by  water.  Its  banks 
abound  with  valuable  produO'iions  in  the 
vegetable  and  mineral  kingdoms. 

Alabajler  or  EUiitheia,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma or  Lucayo  iflands,  on  which  is  a  fmall 
fort  and  garrifon.  It  is  on  the  Great  Ba- 
hama Bank.  The  foil  of  this  ifland, 
and  Harbour  iHand,  which  lies  at  the 
north  end  of  it,  is  bttter  than  Providence 
ifland,  and  pmdiices  the  gieattft  part  of 
the  pine  apples  that  are  exported  ;  the 
climate  is  very  healthy.  N  lat.  35  to  a6, 
W  Ion.  75  to  76  J. 

ALuhua  Savannah,  \*.  a  level  green  plain, 
in  the  country  c.f  the  Indians  of  that 
name,  in  E  Florida,  fitualcd  about  75 
miles  weft  from  St.  Auguftine.  It  is  above 
15  miles  over,  and  50  in  circumference; 
and  fcarcely  a  tree  or  bufli  of  any  kind 
to  be  fcen  on  it.  It  is  encircled  with  high 
floping  hills,  covered  with  waving  forefls, 
and  fragrant  orange  groves,  rifing  from 
an  e:;uberantly  fertile  foil.  The  ancient 
Alncbua  town  ftood  on  the  borders  of  this 
favannah  ;  but  the  Indians  removed  to 
Cufcvivilla,  2  miles  diftant,  on  account  of 
the  unhealthinefs  of  the  former  feite,  oc- 
caiioned  by  the  ftcnch  of  the  putrid  fifli 
and  reptiles,  in  the  fummer  and  autumn, 
driven  on  fliore  by  the  aligators,  and  the 
noxious  exhalations  from  the  marHies 
of  the  favannah.  Though  the  horned 
cattle  and  horfes  bred  in  thefe  meadows 
are  large,  fleck,  fprightly,  and  fat,  yet 
they  are  fubje<flto  mortal  difeafcs  ;  fuch 
as  the  water  lot,  or  fcald,  occafioncd  by 
the  warm  water  of  the  favannah  ;  while 
thofe  which  r.inge  in  the  high  forefts  arc 
clear  of  this  diforder. 

Alacranes,  Los,  a  long  range  of  fhoals, 
banks,  and  rocks,  on  the  ibuth  fide  of 
the  gulph  of  Mexico,  oppofite  the  pen- 
infula  of  Yucatan,  eaft  from  Stone  Bank, 
and  weft  from  Cape  St.  Antonio  ;  within 
the  a3d  deg.  of  N  l.-it.  and  bttween  the 
89th  and  91ft  degrees  of  W  ion. 

Alajta,  a  long  peninfula  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  America,  formed  by  Brifto!  bay 
and  the  ocean  on  theNWand  N,andbythe 
oceau  and  the  waters  of  Cook's  river  on 

ihc 


I 


ALB 


{hoals, 
fide  of 
the  pen- 
ne  Bank, 
within 
iveen  the 


tlic  S  and  S  E.  At  its  csireniity  are  a 
Ijumbcr  of  iHiincIs,  the  chief  of  which,  in 
their  order  wcllward,  arc,  Ooncmnk, 
OonalaniH,an(I  Ocumnak,\vhivlifi)rin  pait 
of  the  cliain  <ir  cliifter  of  ill-^nds,  culled  the 
Northern  Archipcliijjo.  Capt.  Cook,  on 
Iiis  return  in  1779,  jiafTtd  llirough  tlic 
channel  tafl  of  Ooueinak  illtnd.  Sec  N 
W  Coajl  of  America. 

ALUamaitt,  a  navigable  river  of  fitor- 
gia.  It  rifes  in  the  Cherokee  mountains, 
near  the  head  of  awcfteni  hrancli  of 
Savannah  river,  called  Tiigulo.  in  its 
dcfccnt  through  the  mountains  it  receives 
feveral  auxiliary  flre:^nis;  theiict  it  winds, 
with  coniideralile  rapidity,  thr<«inh  tlic 
hilly  country  250  miles,  whence  it  enters 
into  tlieopen,  flat  country,  by  the  name 
of  Oaknii:!^ec.  Thence  after  nuandcriii;; 
for  150  miles,  it  is  joined  by  the  Oivnec, 
wliich  liltewift  has  its  fource  in  the  moun- 
tains. After  this  jundlion,  it  aflumcs  the 
name  of  Alatamaha,  wheu  it  becomes  a 
large  majeftic  river  ;  and  flowing  with 
a  gentle  current  through  foreffs  and  plains 
100  miles,  difcharges  itfelf  into  the  At- 
lantic by  feveral  mouths.  The  north 
channel  glides  by  the  heights  of  Darieu, 
about  10  miles  above  the  bar,  and  after 
feveral  turnings,  enters  the  ocean  be- 
tween Sapcio  and  Wolf  ifl-inds.  The 
fouth  channel,  which  is  efteemcd  the 
largeft  and  deepeft,  after  its  fcparation 
from  the  north,  defcends  gently,  taking 
its  courfe  between  M'hUofli  and  Brough- 
ton  iflands ;  and  at  laft  by  the  wti't  coaft 
of  St.  Simon's  found  between  the  fouth 
end  of  the  ifland  of  that  name,  and  the 
north  end  of  JckyI  ifland.  At  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Atlantic,  it  is  500  yards 
wide. 

AlBant,  St.  a  townfliip  in  Franklin 
county,  Vermont,  on  Lake  Champlain, 
oppe^fite  N  H«ro  ifland,  941  inhabitants. 

Albany  County,  on  Hudfon's  river,  in 
the  ftate  of  New  York,  lies  between  Ul- 
fter  and  Saratoga  ;  its  extent  46  miles  by 
a8.  The  inhabitants  arc  34,043,  of  whom 
1808  are  in  flavcry. 

Albany,  the  cliief  town  of  the  above 
county,  is  fituated  on  the  weft  hank  of 
Hudfon's  river,  160  miles  nonh  of  the 
citjof  New  York,  to  which  it  is  next  in 
rank,  and  340  S  of  Quebec.  N  lat.  4Z 
39,  W  Ion.  73  30.  This  city  and  fuhurlis, 
by  enumeration  in  1797,  contained  1263 
buildings,  of  which  863  were  dwclling- 
houfes,  and  6g2i  inhabitants  Many  of 
them  are  in  the  Gothic  flylc,  with  tlie 
sable  end  to  the  Rrect, which  cuUvmt).e 


AL  B 

f^rft  ftttlcrs  brought  frnm  HoHjiml  ;  t^e 
n(  w  houfcs  ait  Imilt  in  the  mocein  ft)lc. 
Iti  inh;'.l)itant3  rirceoliirttd  from  v;itv« 
parts  of  the  world,  and  !|)c;;k  a  gnat  va- 
riety of  language,  but  ihe  En^'iOi  pi*?- 
don-.iuatcs  .  and  the  ul'c  o!  every  otliirii 
craduhllv  liilTti.inii.  Albany  isuniiv;iHed 
for  fitu.ition,  being  neaily  at  the  head  of 
<lo<)pji:ivi!;arioii,  onontol  ihtnoblill  liv- 
ers inthe^torld.  Ii  enjuysa  jaiiibrii'ii'.  a«f, 
and  is  till,  natural  emporium  of  the  iu- 
creafintj  M.,dc  of  a  large  extent  of  touo- 
try  W  avid  N;  a  country  ol  an  cxeJkr.t 
foil,  abo«n<ling  in  every  article  ivv  ihe 
W  Jndi*  in  irket  ;  plenliltilly  waurrd, 
with  niviguMc  lakM,  creeks  and  river-, 
fettling  with  almull  ainexaniplvd  n;]:idity, 
and  capable  of  afi'o!  oil;,';  I'libtiiitnce  loiniU 
lions  of  inliabitanls  :  anil  when  tlie  con- 
templated locks  ami  canal?  arc  conpleteij, 
and  eonvrnitnt  roads  opened  into  every 
part  of  the  ciumlry,  wliicli  arc  in  rreat 
part  aecomplinitd,  Albany  will  probably 
increafc  in  a  more  rapid  degree,  'fhe 
public  buildings  aic,a  Low  Dutcli  church, 
of  ancient  and  very  curious  conflriufliijsi, 
now  difufid,  and  a  mere  mmuinient  of 
ancient  architeclu."e,  a  new  and  elegant 
Dutch  churcli,  of  brick,  one  for  Epifco- 
palians,  two  for  Picfbytcrians,  one  for 
Germans,  or  High  Dutch,  one  for  iVitih- 
odifts,  and  one  for  Roman  Catl'.oiics  ;  an 
hofpital.  oitv  hall,  and  a  liandfomc  liriek. 
gaol.  The  corporation  coiififls  of  a 
mayor,  recorder,  fix  aldermen,  and  an 
many  afliflants.  The  improvements  in 
this  city,  within  a  few  yc.irs  paft,  have 
been  very  great  in  ainioft  all  rcfpc<n:9. 
Wharves  have  been  built  on  the  river, 
the  flretts  have  been  paved,  a  bank  in- 
flituted,  a  new  and  handfome  ftyle  of 
building  introduced,  and  excellent  wa- 
ter is  condii(SVcd  into  the  various  parts  of 
the  city,  from  a  fine  fpring  j  miles  weft 
of  the  city.  For  thefc  improvements  the 
inhabitants  are  indtl'ited  tf)  tlio  patriotic 
exertions  of  a  very  few  gentlemen.  One 
mile  north  of  this  city,  in  its  fuliurl-.s, 
near  the  manor  houfeof  thelate  lieutenant 
governor  Van  Renflalaer,  are  very  in^icn- 
ioufly  connruiSed,  extenfive  and  uCefnl 
works,  for  the  manufa<3:ure  of  Scotch  and 
rappee  fiudf,  roll  and  cut  tobatco  of  dif- 
ferent kinds,  chocolate,  muflard,  ftareh, 
hairpowdcr,  fplit  peafe,  and  bulled  bar- 
ley. Tlicfe  valuable  wojks  are  the  prop- 
erty of  Mr.  James  Caiduell,  who  un- 
fortunately loft  a  complete  fit  of  fimilar 
works,  by  lire,  in  July,  1794,  '.vith  tLc 
ftock,  vilucd  at   37v500  dollars.    It  iii  a 


ALB 


ALF 


^'rciinifi^nce  worthy  of  rcmnik,  and  U 
evincive  of  the  induftry  ami  cnfcrprile 
of  the  proprietor,  that  tlic  v  liolc  of  the 
prcfciit  l)i'.ll(liii£i  an»3  niathiiiny  were  be- 
jiin  Mild  toniplttcd  in  the  fiioit  fpacc  of 
ilivcn  nioiitlis,  I'hcfc  work'*  Art  dtcid- 
fiUy  fiiptriortoiuiy  of  tlickind  in  Amcr- 
iia.  All  the  aiticlcs  above  cnijfturattd, 
<  vi.n  to  the  fpinfting  of  ti.liiiicoj  are  man- 
» lat'iurtd  by  tlic  aid  of  vattr  iTiuchiiicry. 
lorthc  iuvtntioii  of  this  niachiiicry  tlie 
]iroi'<rictoi  'las  obtained  a  pati  nt.  'I'hcfc 
voritsgive  cnipKiymcnt  and  ful)ti(lence  to 
ijo  poor  boys,  and  a  number  of  woikimn. 
Ivleii  ^vho  mai<e  fuch  cfl'orts  to  advnncc 
iVmericln  nianufaiTniris,  dtferve  veil  of 
tlicir  country.  In  the-  year  1609  Henry 
Hudion,  whoK' name  the  ri\cr  bears,  al- 
cenil'  d  it  in  his  boat  to  yiutj/iia,  the  fpot 
on  vhidi  Albany  now  (lands.  I.'he  fet- 
lieiTiLiit  of  this,  city  connnenced  about  the 
year  1612  and  nv.xt  to  Jaineftown  in 
Virginia,  is  the  oUkft  in  the  United  States. 
It  was  called  I^ef:>-.vyci  u\\  1623,  then 
J-'ort  Crangf  till  16^7',  then  WilUaKifadt 
till  1664,  when  it  received  the  name  of 
Albany.  All  tliis  lime  it  had  the  nick- 
name of  \\\t.  h'uyck ,  and  did  not  loofc  the 
riiiine  of  Fait  Orargf,  efpccially  with  for- 
r.igners.  Tort  Orange,  was  built  in  162J. 
lata  MS.  Let. 

-r^/J^r/y), aEritiih  fortrefs  in  New  Soutii 
"iVale*,  in  N  America,  iituated  on  tlie 
liver  of  the  fame  name.  N  lat.  J2  14,  40 
W  Jon.  815938. 

Albany  Kivtr,  falls  into  Jame's  bay,  in 
N  .\mcrJca,  in  N  Iat.5 1  3°.  ^^'  'ong.  84  30. 
'j'his  river  runs  in  a  N  E  direction,  and 
lias  communication  with  a  vaft  chain  of 
fmall  lakes,  in  a  line  £  W  to  the  S  end  of 
Winnipeg  lake,  a  body  of  water  next  in 
fize  to  Lake  Superior. 

Albemarle  County,  in  Virginia,  b'es  be- 
tween the  blue  ridge  and  the  tide  waters, 
iihd  contains  9003  free  inhabitants,  and 
7436  (laves.  Its  extent  about  35  miles 
fquare.  Rich  mines  of  iron  ore  have  been 
difcovered  in  this  county. 

Albemarle  Sound,  on  tlie  coaft  of  North 
Carolina,  is  a  kind  of  inland  fea,  60  miles 
in  length,  and  from  8  to  la  in  breadth. 
It  lies  north  of  Pamplico  Sound,  and 
communicates  with  it;  as  it  like  wife  does 
with  Clirrituck  Inlet.  It  receives  Roan- 
oke and  Meherrin  rivers  ;  and  the  paf- 
fage  into  it  from  the  fea  is  called  Roan- 
oke Inlet. 

Albion,  Neiv,  the  name  given  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake  to  California,  and  part  of 
the  N  VV  coaft  of  AmcrUa,  wlicn  he  took 


poninioa  of  it.  A  large  tradi  of  the  N 
W  coaft  is  thus  called.  Capt.  Cook  land- 
ed on  a  prtrt  of  this  coali  on  tl>c  71I1  of 
March,  1778,  in  N  lat.  74  33,  E  long. 
235  10,  which  he  thus  dcfcri'ucs  :  "  '1  he 
bind  is  full  of  mountains,  the  tops  of 
which  ate  covered  wiih  Inow  ;  while  the 
vailics  Iclvecn  them,  "and  the  grounds 
on  the  fea  ecaft,  hi^h  M  well  a.  low,  arc 
covered  v.itli  trees,  which  form  a  beauti- 
ful pri.fpta:,  as  one  v^fl  fo'^eft.  At  firfl 
the  nativer.  fcemed  to  prefer  iron  to  every 
tithcr  article  of  cunimerce  ;  at  laft  they 
preferred  biaf*!.  '1  hey  were  more  lena- 
cioun  of  their  property  than  any  of  the 
ravage  nations  ilvat  had  hitherto  been 
met  villi  ;  fo  tliat  they  would  not  part 
witii  wood,  water,  grafs,  nor  the  mofl 
trifling  article  without  a  compeiifation, 
and  were  fometimcs  very  unrcalonable 
in  their  dcttiands." 

AUiiipi^un,  a  liiiaU  lake  northward  of 
Lake  Superior. 

AltxanJria,  i  townfliip  in  Grafton  CO. 
N  Hampfliire,  contiining  303  inhabit- 
ants ;  incorporated  in  1782.    , 

A'exjitMa,  a  tOwnfliip  in  Hunterdon 
CO.  N  Jerfey,containingr503  inhabitant?. 

Ahxandiiii,  a  fmall  town  in  Huntingdon 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  Frankflown 
branch  of  Juniatta  river  ;  19a  miles  N 
W  of  Philadelphia. 

A'exnndr'h-i,  formerly  called  Belha-vtn,  a 
city  in  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  fonthern 
bank  of  the  Patowmac  river,  in  Fairfax 
CO.  about  j  miles  S  W  from  the  Federal 
city,  60  S  W  from  Baltimore,  60  N  from 
Frederickfburgh,  168  N  of  Williamlburgh, 
and  290  from  the  fea  ;  38  45  N  lat.  and 
77  10  \V  long.  Its  fituation  is  elevated 
and  pTeafant.  1'hc  foil  is  clayey.  The 
original  fettlers,  anticipating  its  future 
growth  and  importance,  laid  out  the 
ftreets  on  the  plan  of  Philadelphia.  It 
contains  about  500  houfcs,  many  of 
which  are  bandfomely  built,  and  4196 
free  inhabitants,  and  875  flaves.  This 
city,  upon  opening  the  navigation  of 
Patowmae  river,  and  in  eonfequencc  of 
its  vicinity  to  the  feat  of  the  federal  gov- 
ernment, bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  moft 
thriving  commercial  places  on  the  con- 
tinent. 

Alford,  a  townfliip  in  Bcrkfliire  county, 
Maflachufctts,  containing  518  inhabit- 
ants ;  between  Great  Barrington  and 
W   Stockbrldge. 

Alfordjiotvn,  a  finall  town  in  Moor  coun- 
ty, North  Carolina. 

Alfred,  a  town  in  York  co,  Maiae,  ly- 
ing 


i*^' 


ALL 


ALL 


ixig  between  Sanford,  Sluiplcigli,  Coxhall 
i»nd  Watcrborough.  A  braiicb  of  Moii- 
foni  rivxr  pHllls  throush  it  into  Wilis. 
]a  the  (late  poiice  tiiis  tovvnlhi\>  is 
c.tllcd  a  diflrii.^,  anJ  is  by  law  joined 
V  icb  auf'urd  in  tlic  riectiun  ut'  a  tcprc- 
Ijiitativi;  to  the  (late  Itgillaturc. 

A'^o/njiiifit,  :in  Indiuu  nalioii  in  Uppti 
Canada,  on  tlie  nyrth  jlJc  ol  Lake  Huron. 

A-'ii.ig,  a  tovvnlhip  in  Franklin  cuuniy, 
ycrniont,  cgntainin^  710  i  iliabitiints. 
It  liti  in  tbc  N  W  corner  of  tlic  fl.Ue  on 
tlie  Canada  line,  at  ihc  luirih  end  ui  L;»kt. 
Cbamplain. 

AiLinfiis,     See  AiLunfji  Rive: 

A'l'^/jdiiy  M(iuiit<iiiis,  between  I  he  At- 
lantic ocean,  the  MiiPiiippi  river,  and 
tlie  lakes,  are  a  long  and  broad  ran^e  ol 
muuntains,  inadi  up  of  a  great  numl>LT  ol 
ridges,  extending  northeattcrly  and  fouth- 
weflerly,  nearly  parallel  to  the  lea  coaft, 
about  900  miles  in  len^^tb,  and  from  60  to 
l,;o  and  aoo  miles  in  breadth.  Mr.  Evans 
obferves,  with  refptift  to  that  pait  of  tliefe 
mountains  which  he  travell^'d  over,  viz.  in 
theback  partsof  Pcnnlylvania.thitfcircc- 
ly  one  acre  tin  ten  is  capable  of  culture. 
This,  however,  is  far  from  being  the  cafe 
in  all  parts  of  this  ran^^c.  Numerous 
traffls  of  fine  arable  aiid  gracing  land 
intervene  bctweeij  the  rid;^es.  The 
different  ridges  wiiich  cooipol'e  this  im- 
menfe  range  of  mountains,  have  dilFerent 
Jiamesin  the  dilFcrcnt  ftatcs,  viz  the  Blue 

Ridre,  the  North  Moiiiitiiln,or  North  R'nhe^ 
or  DevH'i  B.icUoiie,  Laurel  Rulre,  'Jackfun! 
j^louala!ns,:indKitt.iti,ifiy  Alountaiiu;  which 
lee  under  thcfe  names.  All  thefc  ridjes, 
except  the  Al/e^hany,  are  broken  through 
by  rivers,  which  appear  to  have  forced 
their  way  through  folid  rocks.  This  prin- 
cipal ridge  is  more  immediitely  called 
Alleghany,  aqd  is  dcfcriptlvely  named 
the  Bticiipne  of  the  United  States.  From 
thefe  fevcral  ridges  proceed  innumerable 
branches,  or  fpurs.  The  general  name  of 
the  whole  range,  t.iken  colleillivcly.ftems 
not  yet  to  have  been  deterinined.  Mr. 
Evans  calls  them  the  Endkfs  Mountdins  ,• 
others  have  called  them  the  A'>palachiin 
Moitiitdlns,  from  a  tribe  of  Indians  who 
live  on  a  river  which  proceeds  from  this 
mountain,  called  the  Appalaehicola  ; 
but  the  moft  common  name  is  the 
A'eghjiiy  Mountains,  fo  called  probably, 
fron>  the  principal  ridge  of  the  range. 
'J'hefe  mountains  are  not  confufedly 
fcattcrtd,  rifing  here  and  there  into 
high  peaks,  jvertopping  each  otlicr ;  but 
f  up  along  in  uniform  rJdgc5,  fcjarccly  half 


a  mile  liii;Ii.    Tliey  fprcad  as  yoit  proc<f(! 
I'outli,  and  fomc  of  them   terminate   iii 
high  perptudlciilar  blulH*  :   otiiers  gradu" 
ally   lubiiJe  into  a  level   country,  givinj 
rife  to  llie  rivers  which  run  J'outJieily  in-' 
to  the  Gull  wt  Mexico. 

A-"i'^/jj/iy  R,-.Kr,  in  Pennrylvania,  rife* 
i>n  the  wcrterii  liJc  of  t!\e  Alleghany 
Mountain,  and  al'tir  runuin'^  about  ta 
luiUj  in  a  S  W  dirtc^icn,  meets  the  Mo- 
>U)iigWii.lH  at  Pittiuurg,  and  both  united, 
foriu  the  Ohio.  The  la;uls  on  each  Cde 
of  tiiis  liver,  fur  150  n)il<-»  abovt  Pittl- 
burj,  conliik  of  white  o;<k  and  ehtfnut 
lidges,  and,  in  many  places,  of  poor 
pitch  pine?,  intcrf[-.vrled  with  tra^'ts  «'f 
good  land,  ai'.d  low  lucndows.  'I  his  rir- 
tr,  and  the  Oi;io  likewifr,  frcin  itt  head 
waters  until  it  ente;.s  the  iVliiniippi,  are 
known  and  called  by  the  n.ime  of  Alltgf.a- 
ny  River,  by  the  Seneca,  and  other  trib(» 
of  the  Six  Nations,  wi\i>  ome  inhabited  it. 

AHe-h'iny  Coi.n'y,  in  I'cnnfylvania,  for- 
merly extendi  d  liom  the  juuiTion  of  th« 
river  gf  that  name  with  the  Ohio,  where 
its  chief  town,  Pittfburi;,  is  fuuatid,  to 
the  New  York  line.  It  has  lately  been 
divided.  It  contains  15,^^7  inhabitants, 
including  79  flaves. 

Alleghany,  \%  the  mod  weflvTH  county  in 
Miryland,  and  hns  IVnnl)  Ivania  on  the 
north,  'I'hc  windings  of  the  Pitowmae 
River  feparate  it  from  Virginia  on  the 
Ibuth,  and  Sidelinghill  Creek  divides  it 
from  Wall'lriiton  comity  on  the  eaft.  Ic 
contains  6,',o.5  inhabitants,  including  499 
llavcs.  Cuuiberland  is  its  chief  town. 
The  principal  rivers  which  pafs  ihrotigK 
this  county,  Vjclide  the  Patowmac  arc 
Youghegauy  and  Savage  livers.  Wills  and 
Town  creek.  In  fomc  parts  arc  found 
large  quantities  of  iron  ore,  limeflone,and 
ftone  coal.  The  mofl  common  produce 
of  the  county  is  wheat,  rye,  barley,  corn, 
oats,  buckwheat,  hemp,  flax,  potatoes  and 
tob.icco. 

AHematngel,  a  frnjiU  Moravian  fe'ttJe- 
ment  on  Swetara  River  in  Pennfylvania. 

AUemanJ,  a  river  which  falls  into  the 
MiiTifippi  from  the  S  K  about  43  miles  S 
of  the  Natches. 

Allenjloivn,  a  town  in  New  Jcrfcy,  \\\ 
Monmouth  county,  15  miles  N  E  from 
Burlington,  and  13  S  by  E  from  Prince- 
ton. 

Allerjl.iivn,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
count).  New  Hampfliire,  containing  315 
inhabitants ;  iituated  on  the  E  fide  of 
Merrimack  river,  2.?  miles  N  W  of  Exe- 
ter, aud  40  from  Pgrtfmoutlt. 


AMA 


AMA 


Alltn  Tcwn,  in  Pennfylvam;!,  North- 
ksmpttin  c«).  on  the  point  of  land  furmLi' 
by  Jutdan's  crtck.and  the  Little  Lchie^h 
It  cuutaiu»  about  90  buufci,  iiud  un  <ii.  ad- 
cmy. 

Jfhtcity  Creti,  in  Salem  co.  N  Jerffv 
cHiptics  into  tht  Delaware.     It  isiiavijja 
^1l-  30  or  ^c  mile»,  but  very  crooked,  aiiu 
icKitiipttd    by  t'cvL-ral  draw  bridges. 

AH  Sahitt,  illnnd*  near  Guudaluupe 
ifl;ind,  in  the  Wcfl  Indies, 

All  S,ii/itj,A  jiaridi  in  Georgetown  dif- 
trirt,  S  Carolina.  It  lends  a  number  to 
each  Ikoufcol'thc  ftatclcgillalnre. 

All  SjintJ  Bay,  a  ciptainlllip  in  tlic 
middle  divifiun  ut'  Brazil,  i'o  railed  from 
a  Ur';t:  bay  of  that  n.iine,  bounded  N  by 
the  G.ia  Real  ;  on  the  U  by  that  ot  Lut> 
Illieos  ;  on  the  F.  by  the  oocaii ;  and  on 
tju:  W  by  three  unconquertd  nations  of 
Indian;!.  It  is  reckoned  one  of  the  richeft 
and  nuid  fertile  captainfliiiiH  in  all  Bray.il, 
producing  ^rcat  quantities  of  cotton  and 
fugar.  The  briy  itl'elf  is  about  2\  leagues 
over^intcrfperred  with  a  number  of  fniall, 
but  pleafant  illands,  and  is  of  prodigious 
advantage  to  the  whole  country.  It  has 
fevcral  citie»  and  towns,  particuarly  St 
Salvador,  which  is  its  capital.  All  .Saints 
Say  liei)  in  lat.  11  3  S,  Ion.  40  10  W.  Sec 
Salvador. 

Almttria,     See  Villa  Una. 
Almiya,a  town  in  Mexico.    Sec  An^elot, 
Alivptiry,  commonly  called  Aita-Jbury,  is 
aflouridiing  town  in  KfTex  comity,  Maf- 
fachufetts,  on  the  north  weftern  bank  of 
Merrimack   river,    about    5  miles  N  W 
of  Ncwburyport,  containing  1 15  7  inhab- 
itants.    Powaws  river  divides  the  town- 
ihip  from  Salifbury,  over  which  a  hand- 
iinme  bridge  has  lately  been  crcdled.     A 
pumber  of  inills.and  a  nail  manufa(flory 
{land  on  the  lower  falls.  See  Poiuanvs  rivet: 
A'fead,  a  townfliip  in  Chefln're  co.  N 
Hanipfliirc,  containing  1606  inhabitants, 
8  miles  S  from  Charlcftown. 

Alton,  a  townfliip  in  StrafTord  co.  N 
Hamp{hire,  N  E  from  Barnftcad,  and 
has  721  inhabitants. 

Alvarailo,  a  river  in  New  Spain,  which 
rifcs  in  the  mountains  of  the  Zapotecas, 
and,  after  making  a  circuit  through  the 
province  of  Mazaltaii,  and  receiving  fev- 
tral  fmaller  rivers  and  flrtams,  empties 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  30  miles  dif- 
tance  from  Vera  Cruz. 

Amanibo,  a  town  on  the  coafi  of  Gui- 
ana, between  Paramaribo  and  Cayenne. 
A'napcilla,  a  fc.iport  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Cuutl}nala,  in  North  America  on 


a  gulf  of  the  fame  name,  aao  milei  S  S 
ot  the  town  of  Guatimala,  N  lat.  11  30* 
W  Ion.  86  40. 

Amarifui/^giit  River.  See  Andrefte^gin. 
Am.uiqiies,  afeaport  town  at  tht  mouth 
of  Guanaco»  river,  which  empties  into 
he  Amatique  gulf,  or  gulf  of  Honduras, 
in  the  province  of  Vera  Pas,  Mexico. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiclly  logwood  cut- 
ters, and  on  the  S  of  the  gulf  is  a  traA  of 
land  called  A.i.itijut  taiid.  Lat.  15  13  N. 
Lon.  89  W. 

Aimixonia,  a  large  country  in  S  Ameri- 
ca, 1400  miles    in   length,  and    900  io 
bieadtb  ;  fituated  between   the  equator 
and  20  S  lat.  and  bounded   N  by  Terra 
I'irma  and  Guiana  ;  E  by  Brazil ;  S  by 
Paraguay,  and  W  by  Peru  ;  but  has  nev- 
er yet    been  thoroughly  explored.     The 
river  .Amazon,  called  alfo  Maragnon,  the 
birgcft  in  the  known  world,  gives  name  to 
this  country.     A  great  number  of  rivcr» 
which  rnfli  down  with  amazing  impetu- 
ofity  from  the  taUern  declivity  of  the  An- 
des, unite  in  a  fpacious  plain,  and  form 
this   iminenfe  river.     In  its   progrefs  it 
runs    3300  miles   from  W  to  E  aciofi 
South  America.     Some    of    the    rivers 
which   fall  into  it  are  very  broad  and 
deep.      The  chief  of  thtfe,  from  the  S 
and  S  W  proceeding  from  the  mouth 
wcftward,  arc  Araguaya,  Paratinaa,  Ma- 
deira, Purus,  Yulay,  Yulacina,  and  Uc- 
ayai,  rivers     From  the  Nand  N  W  pro- 
greffing  from  its  mouth,  are  Parma,  Ne- 
gro, Vupura,  Ifla,  and  Napo,  which  laft 
rlfes  near  the  town  of  Archidona,  about 
150  miles  cadward  of  Quito.     The  Ama- 
zon is  interfperfed  with  a  great  number 
of  iflands,  which  are  too  often  overflow- 
ed to  admit  of  culture.     It   falls  iuto  the 
Atlantic  ocean  under  the  equator,  and  is 
there   150  miles  broad.     It  received  its 
prefent    name  from   Francis  d'Orillana, 
who  faid  he  faw  armed   women   on  its 
banks.     He  was  deputed,    in    15 16,  to 
penetrate  into  the   courfes  of  this   river, 
which  he  did  with   an  armed  fliip,  and 
fought  feveral  nations  of  Indians,  till  h<; 
came    to  that   place  where  he   faw  the 
armed  women,  who,  with  bows  and  ar- 
rows, oppofcd   his   palVage.     The  air  is. 
cooler  in  this  country  than  could  be  ex- 
pc<fVcd,  conlidering   it  is  fituated  in   the 
middle  of  the  torrid  zone.     This  is  part- 
ly owing  io  the  heavy  rains  which  occa- 
llon  the  rivers   to   overflow  their  banks 
one  half  of  the  year,  and  partly  to  the 
cloudincfs  of  the  weather,  which  obfcures 
the  fun  a  gr?at  par(  of  the  time  it  is  above 
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IH 


are  a  crow 
of  tiger's 
round  the  ■ 
Amher  Bi 
in  the  bay 
/ion  bay,  \vh 
Ambergrc 
hay,  on  the 
Yucatan,  ir 
runs  along 
niiies  long, 
I  Jion  buy. 
Amhoy. 
Ambrofc,  , 
\  ocean,  on  th 
due  W  from 
it  appears  li 
I  a  nearer  app 
j  incd   bva 
and    80  ■  ^^ 
I  There  is  a 
j  northward  o 
j  appearance, i 
I  was  here  in  1 
Jinacccffjble. 
I  crew  killed  a 
Ithebert  qualii 
|Vou  I. 


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AMB 


'.j#i;.' 


the  honaton.i.  During  the  rainy  feafon, 
the  country  is  fubjcA  to  dreadful  dorms 
of  thunder  and  lightning.  The  foil  is 
extremely  fertile,  producing  a  great  vari- 
ety of  the  tropical  fruits ;  likcwife  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  an  cedar,  redwood,  oak, 
epony,  logwood,  and  many  other  Ibrts 
of  dying  wood  ;  together  with  tobacco, 
fugar  canes,  cotton,  potatoes,  balfam,  hon- 
ey; &c.  The  woods  abound  with  tigers, 
:  wild  boars,  buffaloes,  deer,  and  game 
;  of  )Vauriou8  kinds.  The  rivers  and  lakes 
altpund  with  filli.  Here  are  alfo'  fea 
caifii  and  turtles  ;  but  the  alligators  and 
>  water  fcrpents  render  fifliing  a  danger- 
■■  ous  employment. '  The  natives  of  this 
,  country  are  of  a  good  ftature,  have  hand- 
fotne  features,  long  black  hair,  and  are 
of  a  copper  colour.  They  are  faid  to 
have  a  tafle  for  the  imitative  arts.efpecial- 
ly  painting  and  fculpture,  and  turn  out 
good  mechanics.  They  fpin  and  weave 
cotton  cloth.  Their  houfesarc- built  with 
wood  and  clay,  and  thatched  with  reeds. 
Their  arms  in  general,  are  darts  and 
javelins,  bows  and  arrows,  with  targets  of 
cane  or  fifli  {kins.  The  fevcml  nations 
are  governed  by  chiefs  or  caciques ;  it 
being  obfarvable  that  the  monarchical 
form  of  government  has  prevailed  almoft 
tmiverfally,both  among  ancient  and  mod- 
em nations,  in  a  rude  ftate  of  fociety. 
The  regalia  which  didinguiHi  the  chiefs, 
are  a  crown  of  parrot's  feathers,  a  chain 
of  tiger's  teeth  or  claws,  which  hang 
round  the  waifV,  and  a  wooden   fword. 

AmSer  Bay,oa  the  pcninfulaof  Yucatan, 
in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  lies  N  of  Afcen- 
J:ott  bay,  which  fee. 

Ainbergrecfe Kty.,va.\^'iXidL  in  Hanover 
bay,  on  the  ea(l  llde  of  the  pcniiifula  of 
Yucatan,  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  It 
runs  along  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  is  70 
miles  long,  but  very  narrow.  See  Afcen- 
i  Jion  buy, 

Amboy.        See  Perth  Ambuy. 

Amuroft\  St.  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 

ocean,  on  the  coafl  of  Chili,  4  or  j  leagues 

due  W  from  St.  Felix  ifland.  At  lirfl;  vitw, 

it  appears  like  twoi'mull  iflands,  but  after 

a  nearer  approach,  it  is  found  they   are 

Ij  ined   by*a  reef.    It  lies  in  26   13  S  tat. 

mA   80  '  5S   VV   long,  from   Greenwich. 

.  There  is  a    large   rock   4   miles   to   the 

northward  of  the  ifland,  c;'lltd.  from  its 

appearance,Sj;7  Rod.  Capt.  Roberts,  who 

was  here  in  1792,  found   St.    Feiix  illand 

inacceffible.      On  St.  Ambrofj  iflaud,  his 

Icrew  killed  and  cured  13,000  feal  fkinsot 

Ithebell  qualitv,:u  feven weeks  Theiflanil 

|V0L.  I.  '  B 


AME 

has  little  clfe  to  rcrommend  it.  Fiili  and 
crawfifli  abound.  The  bed  feafon  for  feal" 
ing  is  from  the  ift  of  April  to  the  id  of 
Auguft.  The  ifland  has  the  appearance  of 
having  had  volcanic  eruptions. 

AiHcUa,  a  county  in  Virginia,  fltuated 
between  the  blue  ridge  and  the  tide  waters, 
having  Cumberland  county  N,  Frince 
George  county  £,and  Lunengburg  coun- 
ty S  and  W.  Amelia  contains  1848  free 
inhabitants,  and  6 j8j  flavcs.  An  acade- 
my has  lately  been  eftablilhed  and  incor- 
porated here  by  the  name  of  Jefierfoa 
academy. 

Amelia  JJIe,  on  the  coad  of  £  Florida, 
lies  about  7  leagues  N  of  St.  Augudine, 
and  very  near  Talbot  ifland  on  the  S,  at 
the  mouth  of  St.  John's  riven  It  is  13 
miles  long  and  2  broad,  is  very  fertile, 
and  has  an  excellent  haibour.  Its  N  end 
lies  oppodte  Cumberland  ifland,  between 
which  and  Amelia  iflc  is  the  entry  into 
St.  Mary's  river,  in  N  lat.  30  53,  W  Ion. 
67  23.  ' 

Amelim,  Ecor  a,  is  a  fouth  eadcrn  liead 
branch  of  Wabafli  river,  whofe  mouth  is 
9  miles  N  E  from  the  mouth  of  Salamauie 
river,  and  45  miles  S  W  from  the  Miami 
village  and  fort. 

Amoenia,  a  thriving  towndiip  in  Dutch- 
efs  county,  New  York,  6  railei  didant 
from  Sharon,  in  Connedticut.  It  contains 
3078  inhabitants, of  whom  383  are  elect- 
ors. 

Amerka,  is  one  of  the  four  quarters  of 
the  world,  probably  the  largeft  of  the 
whole,  and  is  from  its  late  dilcuvery,  fre- 
quently denominated  the  New  IVorlJ, 
or  New  Ilcmifjifiere.  This  vad  country, 
extends  from  the  j:6th  degree  of  S  lat.  to 
the  north  pole,  and  from  the  3Jth  to  the 
i6jth  degree  of  W  long,  from  Greenwich. 
It  is  nearly  lo.oco  milts  11  length.  Its 
average  breadth  may  be  Jibout  1800  or 
2000  miles,  It  has  two  lunimers,  and  a 
double  winter,  and  enjoys  aimoft  all  the 
variety  of  climates  whicli  the  earth  af- 
fords. It  is  M-alhcd  by  two  great  oceans. 
To  the  cadward  it  has  tlie  Atlantic, 
which  devidcs  it  from  Europe  and  Africa. 
To  the  W  it  has  the  Pacific,  or  Great 
ioiuh  Sea,  by  which  it  is  feparated  from 
Alia.  By  tliefe  it  carries  ou  a  dircdl  com- 
merce with  the  other  three  parts  of  the 
world.  America  is  divided  into  two  great 
continents,  called  Nutth  and  South  Amer- 
ica, by  an  idhnius  about  500  miles  long ; 
md  which,  at  Darien,  about  lat.  9  N,  i* 
;)iily  60  miles  ovar  ;  other  writers  fay  34 
milts.    Thi»  idlunus,  with  the  northern 

an«l' 


AME 


AME 


1^  I    i- 


Jul . 

m 


and  fcuthcrn  conttncnts,  formi  tlic  Gulph 
of  Mexico,  in  and  near  which  lie  the  ifl- 
ands,  c:»llcd  the  IVi^l  Indies,  in  contradif- 
tindlion  to  the  caflcrn  parts  of  Ada.which 
arc  caHtd  the  EiJ}   Iitd'us.     In  America 
nature  fteins  to  have  carried  on  her   oi»- 
erationH  upon  a  larger  fcalc,  and  with  a 
bolder  hand,  and  to  have  diAinguiflied  the 
features  of  this   country   by  a   peculiar 
magniticcncc.  The  mountainn  of  Anierica 
are  much  fupcrior  in  height  to  thofe  in 
the  other  divilions  of  the  globe.   Even  the 
plain  of  Quito,  which  may  be  confidrred 
as  the  bafe  of  the  Amies,  i»  elevated  farther 
above  the  level  of  the  fca  than  the  top  of 
the  Pyrenees  in  Europe;  and  Chimbora- 
zo,  the  mod  elevated  point  of  the  Andes, 
is  ao,i8o  feet  high,  which  is  at  Irafl  7102 
ftct  above  the  peak  of  'I'tnerifTe.     From 
the    lofty   and   exteniive    mountains  of 
America,  defcend  rivers,  wuh  which  the 
ftreams  of  L'uropc,cf  Afia,  or   of  Africa, 
arc  Hilt  to  be  compared,  either  for  length 
ofeourie,  or  for  the  va ft  body  of  water, 
which  they  convey    to  the  ocean.     The 
Danube,  the  Indus,   the    Ganges,  or  the 
l^ile,  in  the  caftcrn  hemifphere,  arc  not 
uf  equal  ma^^nitudc  even  with  the  St. Law- 
rence, the    Miirouri,  or  the  MiflTifippi,  in 
North  Aniciica  ;  and  fall  far  fl.ort  of  the 
Amazon,  and   the   La    Plata    in    South 
America.     The  lakes  of  the  New   World 
are  no  lefs  confplcuous  for  grandcnrthnn 
its  mountains  and  rivers.     There  is  noth- 
ing in  other  parts  of  the  globe  which  re- 
fembles  the  prodigious  chain  of  lakes   in 
North  America,  viz.  Superior,  Michigan, 
Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario.    They  may  be 
properly  termed  inland  feas  of  frefh  wa- 
ter    And  even   thofc   of  the  fecond   or 
third  daft,  are  of  greater  circuit,  (tbeCai- 
pinn  Tea  excepted)  than  the  greated  lake 
of  the  ancient  continent.    The  luxuriance 
of  the  vegetable   creation  in  the   New 
World  is  extremely  great.     In  the  fouth- 
ern  provinces,  where  the  moifturc  of  the 
clim.-ite  is  aided  by  the  warmth  of  the  fun, 
the  woods  are  almoft  impervious,  and  the 
furface  of  the  ground  is  hid  from  the  eye 
under  a  thick  covering  of  ftirubs,  of  herbs, 
and  weeds.     In  the  northern   provinces, 
although  the  forcfts  arc   not  incumbered 
with  the  fame  wild  luxuriance  of  vegeta- 
tion, the  trees  of  various  fpecies  are  gener- 
nlly   more  lofty,  and  often  much  larger, 
than  are  to  be  fcen  in  any  other  parte  of 
the  world.    This  vaft  country  produces 
moft  of  the  metals,  minerals,  plantsjfruits, 
&c.  to  be  met  with  in  the  other  parts  of 
the  wocld,  and  many  of  them  in  gieaier 


*juantit!e<,  And  In  high  perfctflion.    Th« 
gold  anrl  (ilvcr  of  America  have  fupplirdi 
Europe  with  rhofc  precious  metals.    The 
gold  and  filver  of  liiwope  now  bear  little 
proportion   to  the  high   price  fet  upon 
them  before  the  difcovery  of  America.    It 
alfo  produces  diamonds,  pearls,  emeralds, 
amethyfts,  «nd  other  valu.ible  ftoncs.    To 
thefi',  which  are  chit-fly  the  produiftions  of 
South  America,  may   be  added  a  great 
number    of    othrr   commodities,   which, 
though  of  lefs  price,  arc  of  much  greater 
ute.     Of  tlicfe  are  the  plentiful  fupplic» 
of  cochineal,  indigo,  anatto,  logwood,  bra- 
zil, fuftic,  pimenta,  ligmimvitx,  rice,  gin- 
ger, cocoa,  or  the  chocolate  nut,  fugar, 
cotton,  tob.'icco,  banillas,  redwood,  the 
ball'ams  of  Tolu,   Peru,  and  Chili,  that 
valuable  article  in  medicine,  the  Jefuit's 
bark,  mechoacan,  fafTafras,    farfaparilla,. 
calTia,  tamarinds,  hidci,  furs,  ambergrife, 
and  a  great  variety  of  woods,  roots,  and 
plants,  to  which,  before  the   difcovery  of 
America<'the  Europeans  were   cither  en- 
tire flrangers,  or  wliich  they  were  forced 
to  buy  at  an  extravagant  rate  from  Afia 
and  Africa,  through  the  lunula  of  the  Ve- 
netians and  Oenoofc,  who  then  cngroffcd 
the  trade  of  the  eaftern  world.     On  this 
continent  there  grow .   alfo  a  variety  of 
excellent  native  fruits )  as  pine   apples, 
citrons,  lemons,  or.inges,  pomegranates, 
%s,  gr;ipcn,  a  great  variety  of  culinary, 
medicinal,  and  other    herbs,   roots   and 
plants,  with  many    exotic  produtflicr.s, 
which  are  brought  to  as  great  perfedion 
as  in  their  native  foil.     Not^vithftanding 
the  many  fettlements  of  the  F.uropeans  on 
this  continent,  groat  part  of  America  re- 
mains almoft  unknown.     N  America  con- 
tains the  four  Britifli  provinces,   viz.   1. 
Upptr  Canada  ;   1.  Lntvcr  Canada,  to  which 
are  annexed  New  Britain,  and   'he  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton  ;   3.  Neiu  Brtinfi  .'ck  :  4.  No- 
',ia  Scotia,  to  which  is  annext.    5/.  y<)hn.' 
JJland.    Belides  thefe  .ire  th.  ■   iflands  of 
NfiufcundlaKd,  and  the  United  States.    It  con- 
tains .tlfo  the  Spanifli  territories  of  Florida, 
Neiv  Mexico,   California,  Mexico,  and  Lnu- 
ifinna,  lately  purchafed  by  the  U  States. 
Bcfide  thefe,  there  are  immenfe  unexplor- 
ed regions  to  the   W  and  N  W.     In  the 
fouthern  continent,  lie  the  Spanifli  prov- 
inces of  Terra  Firtna,  Guiana,  Peru,  Par.t- 
f::iry,  and   Chili ;  together  vjth   that   of 
Brazil,  belonging  to  the'  Portuguefe,  and 
the  country  of  Surinam,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch.     Vaft  trades,  however,  in  the  in- 
land parts,  are  unknown,  being  compre- 
1  hcnded  under  t'        ncral  name  of  Ama- 
zonia, 


AME 


AME 


.merica  con- 


ftonia,  formerly  called  Maragnon.  A 
large  diftri«ft  alfo  Ues  between  the  ftraits 
of  Magellan  and  the  province  of  Para- 
guay, called  Puijgoniu,  little  known.  A- 
inerica,  fo  far  as  kiiown,  is  chiefly  claimed 
and  divided  into  colonies,  by  three  Euro- 
pean nations,  the  Spaniards,  Biittfli,  and 
Portuguefe.  The  Spaniards,  as  they  lirft 
dil'covered  it,  have  the  largefl  and  richeft 
{wrtion,  extending  from  Louiliana  and 
Vmw  Mexico,  in  N  America,  to  tlic  ftraits 
of  Magellar,  in  the  South  Sea,  except- 
ing the  lar^e  ])i'(>vince  of  Brazil,  which 
belongs  to  i'ortugal  ;  for,  though  the 
French  ^  \d  Dutch  have  I'ome  forts  upon 
Surinam  and  (iuiana,  they  Icarcely  ckii-r  .\; 
to  be  coiilidered  as  proprietors,  of  any  pt'.rt 
of  the  fouthern  continent.  ' :.xt  to  i^pain 
the  moft  confiderable  propria  or  of  Ame- 
rica was  Great  Britain,  who  derived  her 
claim  to N  America  trim  the  lirft  diicov- 
r.ry  of  that  continent,  by  Sebaftian  Cabot, 
in  the  name  of  Henry  Vii.  of  England,  in 
the  year  1497,  about  6  years  after  the  dif- 
covery  of  S  America  by  Columbus,  in  the 
name  uf  th«  king  of  Spain.  I'he  country 
vras  in  general  called  Neiv/outidiaiid,  a  name 
which  is  now  appropriated  i'olely  to  an 
ifland  on  its  coaft.  It  was  a  long  time  iMfe 
fore  the  Englilh  made  any  attempt  to  td^ 
tic  in  this  country.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
an  uncocimon  genius,  and  a  brave  com- 
mander, tirft  ftiewed  the  way,  by  planting 
a  cobny  in  the  fouthern  part,  which  he 
called  Virginia,  in  honor  of  queen  Eliza- 
beth, who  was  unmarried.  The  French, 
indeed,  from  this  period  until  the  conclu- 
iion  of  the  war  of  1756,  laid  a  claim  to, 
and  adlually  poiTeiled,  Canada  and  Louili- 
ana ;  but,  in  that  war,  they  were  not  only 
driven  from  Canada,  aiid  its  dependencies, 
but  obliged  to  relinquifli  all  that  part  of 
JLouifiana  lying  on  the  £  lide  of  the  Mifli- 
fippi ;  and  the  Britifh  colonies,  at  the 
peace  of  1763,  extended  fo  far  as  to  ren- 
tier it  difficult  to  afCertain  the  preclfe 
bounds  of  the  empire  of  G  Britain  in  N 
America.  To  the  northward,  Britain 
might  have  extended  her  claims  quite  to 
the  pole.  From  that  extremity,  Ihc  had  a 
territory  extending  fouthward  to  Cape 
Florida,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  N  lat. 
a.?,  and,  confequently,  near  4000  miles  in 
a  diredl  line.  And  to  the  weftward,  the 
boundaries  were  unknown  ;  but  having 
entered  into  impohtic  difputes  with  her 
colonies,  flie  brought  on  a  war,  of  wliich 
flic  felt  the  ruinous  effeiSts,  by  the  dil'mem- 
berment  of  her  empire  in  N  America  : 
and  Britiili  America,  at  the  peace  in  1 783, 


was  circumrcrlbed  within  the  narrow  Iim> 
its  already  mentioned.  America  was  very 
probably  peopled  early  after  the  flood. 
See  IViill  SubterraneoH.  Who  were  the 
firft  people  of  America  ?  And  whence  did 
they  come  ?  are  qucftions  concerning 
which  much  has  been  faid  and  written. 
Dr.Robertfon  and  theAbbcClavigero  have 
attempted  a  foluuon  of  them.  A  fum- 
mary  of  their  opinions  may  be  found  in  the 
American  Univerfal  Ueograpby.  It  has  been 
common,  in  eftimating  the  population  of 
the  whole  world,  to  allow  i.io  millions  to 
Anuiita.  But  tliis  is  probably  live  times 
tlieir  xzA  number,  ior  if  we  fuppoi'e 
every  pTL  uf  the  whole  continent  »«  A- 
nierica  to  be  as  populous  as  the  U  States, 
(which  is  not  the  cafe)  the  whole  number 
will  be  but  about  60  millions.  The  exaA 
number  is  probably  not  more  than 
30,000,000.  The  prefent  Americans  may 
be  divided  into  two  general  clafl'es.  Firft, 
the  proper  Americans,commonly  calledin- 
dians,  fometimes  Aborigines,  or  thofe  who 
are  defcended  from  the  firft  inhabitants  of 
the  ^w  world,  and  who  have  not  mixed 
thei^lood  vtrith  the  inhabitants  of  the  old 
contjjient.  Secondly,  thofe  who  have  mi> 
grated,  or  have  been  tranfported  to  Ame- 
rica, fuice  its  tlifcovery  by  Columbus,  and 
their  dcfcendants.  The  former  may  be 
fubdivided  into  three  clafl'es.  Firft,  the 
S  American  Indians,  who  probably  came 
over  from  the  northern  and  weftern  pnvts 
of  Africa,  and  the  Ibuthern  parts  of  Alia 
and  Europe.  Secondly,  the  Mexicans,  and 
all  the  Indians  fouth  of  the  lakes  and  weft 
of  the  Mifljiippi.  Thirdly,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Efquimcaux,  Labrador,  and  the 
countries  ip'ound  them.  The  latter  may 
alfo  be  diftinnjiiifljed  into  three  claflTes. 
Firft,  Europeans  of  many  diflerent  nations, 
who  have  migrated  to  America,  and  their 
defcendants,  of  nuraixed  blood.  In  this 
clafs  we  include  the  Spaniards,  Englifli, 
Scotch,  Irifli,  French,  Portu^Mitfc,  Ger- 
mans, Dutch,  Swedes,  &c.  botn  in  N  and 
S  America.  Secondly,  Africans,  who 
have  been  tranfported  t(^  America  and  its 
iflands,  and  their  defcendants.  Thirdly, 
tlie  mixed  breeds  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
Cnf<it,  by  the  Englilh,  Mulattocn,  that  is, 
thofe  who  are  defcended  from  an  F.uro- 
pean  and  an  American,  or  from  ?.n  Iu;ro- 
pean  and  African,  or  from  an  African  and 
American. 

Anufviiyy,      See  AUvJlnn-y. 

Amavcll,  is  the  moft  populous  town  in 
Hunterdon  co.  N  Jcrfey.  It  contained  in 
^"JOjjaoi  inhabitants.    It  is  on  Dela- 

w;u« 


AMO 


ANC 


r 


'< 


'ii 


ware  river,  between  Kingwood  and  Hope- 
well, 34  miles  N  of  Philatlolphia. 

Amherjl,  a  townfliip  in  CuiAberland  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Chigne(Sto  Bafon,  on  the 
S  fide  of  La  Planch  River,  and  on  the  riv- 
ers Napan  and  Macon.  Tlie  navigation 
of  the  two  laft  is  diiticult  on  account  of 
flioals.  The  town  was  fettled  by  North 
Irifli,  York{|ure  and  New  England  people, 

Amherjl,  a  half  fliire  town  of  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  N  Hampfliire,  formerly  Sou- 
hegan  Weji.,  and  was  originally  ^''snted 
from  Ma/fnchufetts.  It  has  2150  inhabit- 
ants, and  was  incorporated  in  1761.  The 
Aurean  Academy  was  founded  here  in 
1790.  It  is  on  a  northern  branch  of  Sou- 
hcgaa  River,  wl.i.  1  falls  into  the  Merri- 
mack, and  is  60  miles  W  of  Portfmouth, 
and  5:,  N  W  of  Bolton.  N  lat.  4a  54,  W 
Ion.  71  33.  • 

Anherjf,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire  co. 
Maffuchufetts,  containing  13,58  inhabit- 
ants ;  87  miles  W^  from  BoAon,  and  8  N 
E  from  Northampton.  * 

Aifihcrjt' County,  in  Virginia,  lies  between 
the  Blue  Ridge  ai  d  the  tide  watsr%and 
contains  9339  fre^  iiihalitants,  and746a 
flaves.  It  lies  on  the  north  of  Jamdti^iv- 
cr,  and  has  a  copper  mine  not  worked. 

A>^ir/z,  a  fmall  iiland  on  the  coaft  of 
Bra?.il,  un  which  the  towns  of  Santos  and 
St.  Vincents  were  hdiit.  Oppofite  to  both 
fliips  iind  exceile.it  anchora.ge. 

AmUpjs,  tvv'o  volcanoes  in  the  province 
of  Guatimah,  in  N  Sp^in,  near  the  moun- 
tains oi  iSoconufco. 

Aniit,  a  riverwhichrifesin  theMiflifip- 
pi  Territory,  aiid  after  a  foutherb,  courfe 
falls  irito  the  Iberville.  It  is  navigable  for 
batteaux  a  confidernble  diftanfe. 

Amonoofuci,  Rn  Indian -name  given  to 
two  rivers  in  N  Hampfliire  :  the  one  is 
called  f^/>*r  Amonooluck,  pafling  through 
a  tradl  of  excellent  meadov/.  It  rii'es  near 
the  nortli  end  of  the  White  Hills,  runs 
nortlierlv  about  15  miles,  where  is  a  car- 
rying place  of  about  3  miles  fo  Ama- 
rifooggin  River.  From  thence  the  river 
rims  S  Wand  W  nearly  18  miles, and  emp- 
ties into  the  Connetlicut  at  Northumber- 
lF.nd,  near  the  Upper  Coos.  The  other  is 
called  Great  or  Lonver  Amonoofuck,  which 
rifes  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  White  Tvloun- 
tains.  It  falls  into  the  Connedlicut  juft 
nbove  the  town  of  Haverhill,  in  I-ower 
Coos,  by  a  month  ico  v.inls  wide.  Ahtitit 
2  miles  from  its  mouth  it  receives  IV'iLl 
Amnnoifuch,  40  yards  wide,  from  Franoo- 
nia  .and  Lincoln  Mountains.  Two  or 
three  hours  rain  -raifcs  the  water  in  this 


lafl  mentioned  river  feveral  feet,  and  oc« 
cafions  a  current  fo  furious  as  to  put  in 
motion  ftones  of  a  foot  in  diameter,  but 
its  violence  loon  fubfides. 

Amotape,  a  town  in  Peru,  near  Tumbez, 
on  a  river  of  excellent  water,  and  near 
the  fliore  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  furround- 
ed  by  a  country  highly  improved,  lat.  4 
15  43  S. 

Ampulla,  r  Ampalia,  a  city  and  feapoKt 
in  GuatimalaGuif.in  that  of  Mexico,  jjo 
miles  S  E  of  the  city  of  Guatimala,  and 
carries  on  a  briik  trade  in  cochineal,  co- 
coa, hides,  indigo,  &c. 

Amptins,  a  jurifdidlion  under  the  arch- 
bifliop  of  Plata,  eadward  of  that  city,  in 
the  empire  of  Peru.  It  abounds  in  grain^ 
and  cattle. 

ylniJ}erdam,Neiv,'vias  the  name  originally 
given  by  the  Dutch  to  the  city  of  N  York. 

Amjladam,^  new  townfliip  in  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N  York.  It  contains  1064  inhabits 
ants,  12  or  14  miles  N  Woi  Schcnedtady. 

Amufkeag  Falls,  in  New  Hampfliire,  are 
on  Merrimack  River,  i6  miles  below 
Concord,  and  7  below  Hookfct  Falls. 
It  coufiUs  of  three  pitches,  one  below  the 
other,  fo  that  the  water  falls  about  80  feet 
j||  the  courfe  of  half  a  mile.  The  fecond 
pitch,  which  may  be  feen  from  the  road, 
on  the  W  fide,  is-  truly  majeftic.  In  the 
middle  of  the  upper  part  of  the  fall,  is  a 
high  rocky  ifland,  on  the  top  of  which  are 
a  number  of  pits,  made  exadtly  round,  like 
barrels  or  hogflic  ads,  fome  of  which  are 
capable  of  holding  feveral  tons  ;  formed 
by  the  circular  motion  of  fmall  ftones,  im- 
pelled by  the  force  of  the  defcending  wa- 
ter. At  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  half  a  mile 
below  the  principal  fall,  is  a  bridge  3j6 
feet  in  length,  and  ao  in  breadth,  confift- 
ing  of  aooo  tons  of  timber,  and  made  pafl- 
able  for  travellers  57  days  after  it  was  be- 
gun. A  canal,  with  locks,  around  thefe 
falls,  is  nearly  completed.     N  lat.  42  59. 

Anahuac,  the  ancient  Indian  name  of 
New  Spain,  or  Mexico. 

Anajlatia,  St.  a  fmall  ifland  clofe  to  the 
coafl  of  Eafl.  Florida,  S  of  Maftaiices  inlet, 
where  the  river  Maflances  forms  two  ifl- 
ands  of  the  fame  name  at  its  mouth.  St. 
Anaftatia  ifland  is  bounded  on  the  N  by 
Si.  Auguftines'  bar.  Here  is  a  quarry 
of  fine  ftone  for  building. 

AncUte  Point,  on  the  Peninfula  of  Cali- 
fornia, end  cc.ifl:  of  the  North  Pacific  O- 
ccan,  lies  in  the  3Cth  deg.  of  N  lat.  and 
1 1 6th  of  W  Ion.  foutheriy  from  the  town 
of  Velicata,  and  N  E  from  the  fmall  ifland 
of  Guadaloupe. 

A'ICbC0l 


\ 


\ 


«t,  and  oc- 
>  to  put  in 
imcter,  but 

r  Tumbez, 
',  and  near 
,  furroiiad- 
Dvcd,  lat.  4 

ind  feaport 
Mexico,  3>|b 
iniaia,  and 
hineal,  co- 

r  the  arch- 
fiat  city,  in 
ds  in  grain^ 

e  originally 

of  N  York. 

1  Montgom- 

964  inhabit* 

:hene(ftady. 

iptliire,  are 

iles    below 

jkfet    Falls. 

!  below  the 

bout  80  feet 

The  fecond 

m  the  road, 

tic.    In  the 

he  fall,  is  a 

f  which  are 

round,  like 

which  are 

18 ;  formed 

Hones,  im- 

ending  wa- 

half  a  mile 

iridge  ss6 

1th,  conlift- 

made  paft- 

r  it  was  be- 

und  tliefe 

lat.  42  5')- 

name  of 

lofe  to  the 
aiices  inlet, 
ms  two  ifl- 

outh.  St. 
the  N  by 

8  a  quarry 

ila  of  Call- 
Pacific  o« 
N  lat.  and 
the  town 
mall  ifland 


■A 
I 


AND 

Aiictcu)  Creek,  in  N  Jerfey,  a  water  of  the 
Delaware,  6  miles  S  W  from  Burlington. 
It  is  navigable  16  miles  ;  and  confider.-tble 
quantities  of  Inniber  are  exported  from  it. 

Anco,  a  fmail  town  of  S  America,  3 
leagues  from  the  city  of  Guainanga. 

Aiidaguaylas,  a  jurifdidlion  in  ti  Ameri- 
ca, in  Peru,  fubjetf):  to  the  archbilliop  of 
Lima;  E  by  6  of  the  city  of  Guamauga. 
It  abounds  in  I'ugar  plantations,  grain  of 
moft  forts,  and  fruits. 

Andulufia,  NetUyA  province  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  on  the  coafl  of  the  Atlantic,  oppofitc 
the  Leeward  Iflands. 

Aiidiijlij,  an  hidian  nation  in  Canada. 

Andes.  The  principal  mountains  on  this 
weftern  continent  are  the  Cordillera  de  los 
Andes,  or  Great  Chain  of  Andes,  in  S  A- 
merica.  They  ftretch  along  the  Pacific 
Ocean  from  the  ftraits  of  Magellan  to  the 
ifthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama,  upwaids  of 
4000  miles  ;  thence  they  run  through  the 
extenfive  kingdom  of  New  Spain,  till  they 
lofe  themfelves  in  the  unexplored  coun- 
tries of  the  north.  In  New  Spain,  the 
moft  confidcrable  part  of  this  chain  is  call- 
ed Sierra  Madre,  particularly  in  Cinaloa 
and  Tarahumery,  provinces  1200  miles 
diflant  from  the  capital.  Further  N  they 
have  been  called,  from  their  bright  ap- 
pearance, the  Shinhig  Mounia'ins.  The 
height  of  Chimborazo,  the  moft  elevated 
point  of  this  vaft  chain,  is  20,280  feet  a- 
bove  the  level  of  the  Tea  ;  wliich  is  710a 
feet  higher  than  any  other  mountain  in 
the  known  world.  The  Andes  common- 
ly form  two  ridges  as  they  run,  the  one 
higher  and  barren,  and  covered  with 
fnow,  although  in  the  torrid  zone  ;  the 
other  fruitful  in  woods,  groves,  &c.  The 
latter  abounds  with  wild  hogs  ;  and  flieep 
called  guanacos,  refembling  a  camel  in 
fliape,  but  of  a  fmaller  fize,  whofe  hair 
for  foftnefs,  finenef's,  and  colour,  is  pre- 
ferred to  filk.  'I'he  Andes  have  16  volca- 
noes, which  break  out  in  various  places, 
and  by  melting  the  fnow,  ocralion  fuch 
torrents  of  water,  that  numbers  of  men 
and  cattle  have  periflied.  They  are  only 
pafTable  in  fummcr,  and  require  3  or  4 
days  to  reach  the  top  of  any  one  of  the 
higheft. 

.4/.-.yoT>i'r,  a  large,  fertile  and  thriving  poft 
town  in  Ellcx  co.  Mailachufettj.  It"' con- 
tains 2941  inhal)itants,  in  two  pariflies. 
In  the  South  pariih  are  a  paper  mill  and 
powder  mill,  from  tU-  latter  ot  wiiich  the 
army  received  large  fupplies  of  gunpow- 
der in  the  late  war.  There  is  an  excel- 
lent academy  in  this  town,  ciillcd  "  Phil- 


AND 

lips  Academy,"  which  owes  Its  exiftence 
to  tlie  libcr.d  benefatftions  of  the  taiiuij 
vvhcl'e  name  it  bears.  Another  academy 
has  lately  been  eltabliflied  in  the  N  pai- 
ifli.  Andover  is  under  exijellent  cultiva> 
tion,  particularly  that  part  which  is  wa- 
tered by  oiiawllieen  River.  It  lies  about 
2c  miles  W  from  ^ewburyport,aiid  about 
32  N  from  Bolton. 

Andover,  a  town  in  Hillfborough  co.  N 
Hampfliire,  contains  11 33  inhab!ian!s,aii(i 
was  incorporated  in  1779. 

Aiuhver,  is  the  fuuth  weflernmoft  tov/n- 
fliip  in  Windfor  co.  Vermc.ut,  has  CI'. titer 
on  the  li,  22  miles  W of  Cliarleftowu, and 
contains  1016  inhabitants. 

Andover,  a  town  in  i-juhex  co.  N  Jerfejr, 
lO  miles  S  of  New  Town. 

Andre,  St.  a  town  in  the  kingdom  of  Le- 
on, near  the  mouth  of  Kall'as  Kiv  er,  wluci* 
falls  into  the  ''Uilf  of  IVlcxito. 

Andrean'jjj^.  i  jjlcs,  a  crefcent  of  iiici'  b«^> 
twcen  Alia  and  America,  difcovercd  in 
1760.  The  natives  refenible  the  E/qui- 
meaux  ami  Greeulanders  in  their  language 
and  manners.  They  aie  idolaters.  i'n.e 
Be/iring's  Straits,  and  Nori'f\rn  Anhifeliij^a, 

Andres,  St.  or  Aiidrens,  an  iiland  on  ti.e 
Mufquito  ihore,  off  the  i'earl  Key.s.  N 
lat.  1 2  30,  W  Ion.  o2  30. 

Andreiv's,  St.  a  fin?.ll  town  in  N  Eruiif- 
wick  ;  fituated  in  the  rear  of  aa  iilnnd  of 
the  fame  name,  on  the  K  lide  oi"  the  arm 
of  the  inner  bay  of  Pali'imaqnoddy ,  called 
Schoodick.  The  town  is  legulaiiy  !aia  tmt 
in  the  form  of  an  obloiig  li^uaie.  'iiie 
few  ii-yliabitants  are  chitity  emphiyed  ia 
the  lumber  trade.  '1  he  common  tidci 
rife  here  about  18  feet. 

Andrew's,  St.  a  townlliip  in  Caledonia^ 
CO.  Vermont,  about  20  miles  N  \V  oi  New- 
bury. 

AndreTs's,  St.  a  parifli  in  Charlefton  liif- 
t'  idt,  .S  Carolina. 

Andre^/s  Scu:i4,  St.  lies  S  of  Jckyl's  bl- 
and, and  i.s  forniL'd  by  it  and  a  huall  iiland 
at  the  mouth  of  Great  Satilla  River.  1  lie 
fmall  river  cppoiiie  this  found  feparatcs 
Camden  fr.'im  Giynn  co.  in  Georgia. 

Andros,  iliands  on  the  .S  W  of  Provi- 
dence, in  tlie  B:ii!ama  iilands,  called  by 
the  Spaiii;irc's,  Ylles  del  Lipiiitu  Santo. 
They  take  up  u  Ipace  cl  3c  leagues  k;iii> 
and  4  or  5  ljro.;d,iiUeriecicd  by  a  luunbtr 
of  Very  narrow  paiTages. 

Andnj\:0'i\^in,  or  A?!i.-r.icogfren  liiver,  ill 
Maine,  may  be  called  the  m;'Iii  \vvr!:i'rn 
branch  of  the  IvcniiL-I.H'ik.  h.s  four«.  e.s  ;ii  e 
N  of  Lake  Umbagog.  Its  courfe  is  luut!.- 
cr!y  till  it  approaches  near  to  the  \\'l.i:e 


\ 


A  N  G 

Monntajnt,  from  which  it  receivei  Moofe 
and  Peabody  riven.  It  then  turns  to  the 
£,  and  then  to  the  S  £,  in  which  courfe  it 
pafTei  within  %  miles  of  the  fea  coaft, 
find  then  turning  N  runs  over  Pejepfkaeg 
falls  into  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  where  it 
forms  a  jund^ioii  with  the  Kennebeck,  so 
miles  from  the  fca.  Formerly,  from  thi» 
bay  to  the  lea,  the  confluent  Urcam  was 
caUcd  Sagadahock.  The  lauds  on  this 
river  are  very  good.  LittU  Amnrefcogren 
riles  in  Paris,  and  palTcs  through  Hebron 
and  Poland,  and  enters  great  Amerelcog- 
gen  at  the  20  mile  falls,  cppofite  Lewif- 
town,  about  15  miles  of  irregular  courfe 
from  Merry  Meeting  Bay.  The  whole 
length  with  all  its  windings  is  about  .'^o 
miles.  It  receives  feveral  Ilreams  and 
ponds,  particularly  the  Range  Pond8,Brau- 
dy  Pond,  &c. 

Arugada,  one  of  the  Virgin  Ifles  in  the 
'Weft  Indies,  and  dependent  on  Virgin  Gor- 
da.  It  is  about  6  leagues  long,  is  low,  and 
aimed  covered  by  water  at  high  tides. 
On  the  S  fide  is  Treafure  Point.  Lat.  18 
ajN.lon.  63  W. 

Angaraea,  a  province  in  S  America,  in 
Peru,  fubjeiSt  to  the  archbifliop  of  Lima, 
ao  leagues  N  W  by  W  of  the  city  of  Gua- 
manga.  It  abounds  in  all  kinds  of  grain 
and  fruits,  beiide  vad  droves  of  cattle  for . 
labour  and  fuftenance. 

Angela,  Port  of,  a  harbour  on  the  S  Sea 
eoa(l,in  the  middle  between  St.  Pedro  and 
Capolita ;  a  broad  open  bay,  with  good 
anchorage,  but  bad  landing ;  and  the 
Spaniards  reckon  it  as  good  a  harbour  as 
Guatulis. 

Angelot,  or  Tlafcala,  a  province  of  Mex- 
ico, extending  between  the  N  and  S  Seas, 
having  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  £,  the 
province  of  Guaxaca  on  the  S  B,  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean  on  the  S,  the  province  of  Mex- 
ico Proper  on  the  W,  and  that  of  Pcnuco 
on  the  N,  from  which  it  it  divided  byTuf- 
pa  river  or  Cavoncs.  From  one  fea  to 
the  other  is  100  leagues,  about  80  along 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  20  upon  the  i> 
Sea  coafl.  Its  foil,  climate,  and  produce, 
are  much  the  fame  with  Mexico  Proper. 
On  the  W  fiie  is  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
x 8  leagues,  well  cultivated;  and  another 
jjreat  ridge  of  moimtains  on  the  N  W,  the 
neighbourhood  of  which  fubie<Sts  it  to 
/hocking  tempefts,  horrid  hurricanes,  and 
frequent  inundations  ;  yet  this  is  allowed 
to  be  the  moft  populous  country  of  N 
Spain,  which  is  partly  afcribed  to  its  hav- 
ing been  an  ally  to  Cortez,in  the  conqueft 
of  Mexico,  who  obtained  a  grant  of  the 


AKG 

Emperor  Charles  V.  then  alfo  king  of 
Spain,  by  which  it  is  to  this  day  exempt 
from  all  fervice  or  duty  to  that  crown  ; 
and  only  pays  the  king  of  .^pain  an  hand- 
ful of  maize  per  head,  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment, which  inconiiderablc  parcels,  al- 
mod  60  years  ago,  amounted  to  near 
1 3,03o  bnHiels ;  for  it  produces  fu  much 
of  that  Indian  corn,  that  from  thence  it 
had  the  name  of  Tlafcala,  i.  e.  the  land  of 
bread,  which  name  it  gives  to  its  principal 
town.  By  thiti  means  the  towns  and  vil- 
lages fwarm  with  Indians.  Its  principal 
tovvns  arc  Acaluchithau.Achiachica,  Tul- 
pa,  Zacatlan,  Cazercs,  Naftla,  or  Ahnira, 
Torre  Blanca,  Punta  Delganda,  Samputa, 
Xaiappa,  Puebla,  Tepeal'a,  Coraova,  Pun* 
ta  Brava,  New  Vera  Cruz,  &c.  They 
fpeak  the  bpanilli  tongue,  and  fcarcely 
any  other  ;  are  perfedlly  reconciled  to  the 
Spanifli  cuitoms,  and  grateful  for  the 
countenance  and  deference  iliewed  to 
them  above  their  fellow  provinces.  It 
was  anciently  governed  by  kings,  till  civil 
wars  ariling  in  it,  the  people  formed 
themfelves  into  an  ariAocracy  of  many 
princes,  to  get  rid  of  one.  '1  hey  divided 
the  tov/ns  into  diflercn^  diflridb,  each  of 
which  named  one  of  their  chiefs  to  rcfide 
in  the  court  of  Tlafcala,  where  tiiey  form.. 
ed  a  fenate,  whofc  refolutions  were  a  law 
to  the  whole.  Under  this  form  of  goV' 
ernnient,  they  maintained  themfelves  a- 
gainA  the  rulers  of  Mexico  ;  and  continu- 
ed their  ariAocracy  till  their  reception  of 
the  Spaniards  under  Cortez,  whom  they 
allifteid  with  their  numerous  forces,  and 
accomplifhcd  the  ruin  of  that  empire  iu 
Ijai.     See  Mexico. 

Angol,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Chili, 
S  America,  1 25  miles  N  of  Baldivia.  S 
lat.  37  36,  W  Ion.  7259. 

Angra  De  Los  Reyes,  a  town  in  the  Cap- 
tainfliip  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  in  Brazil,  S  A- 
merica,  fubjedt  to  the  Portuguefe,  about 
36  miles  from  Rio  de  Janeiro.  It  is  on 
the  coaft  upon  a  fmall  bay,  from  whence 
it  has  its  name  ;  being  in  F-nj^lifli  King's 
Bay.  It  has  2  churches,  a  monafter}',  and 
a  fmall  guard  houfe  of  about  ao  foldiers. 
Irs  chief  producers  filli.  I.at.  aa  28  S, 
jo;..  41  10  W. 

AnguHla,  or  Snake  If  and,  fo  called  from 
its  windings  and  irregular  form,  being  10, 
leagues  in  length,  and  3  in  breatlth ;  25 
leagues  N  W  of  Barbuda,  and  15  from  St. 
ChriAopher's.  It  is  the  moftucrtherly  of 
all  tiic  CaribbiP  illands  poflefled  by  the 
Britilh.  It  was  fettled  in  1650.  The  in- 
habitants Iviblift  moIl!y  by  farming,  plant- 


iiig 
banc 


i 

3 


c 


alfo  king  of 
s  day  exempt 
that  crown  ; 
pain  an  hand- 
1  acluiowledg- 
!  parcels,  al- 
nted  to  near 
uces  fo  mucli 
rom  thence  ft 
e.  the  land  of 
i  its  principal 
3wns  and  vil- 

ItB  principal 
liachiea,  Tul- 
la,  or  Alinira, 
da,  Samputa, 
oraova,  Pun« 

&c.  They 
and  fcarcely 
oncikd  to  the 
eful  for  the 
!  ihewed  to 
evinces.  It 
Ings,  till  civil 
ople  formed 
icy  of  many 
I  hey  divided 
ri(5b,  each  of 
tiefs  to  rcfide 
re  they  form- 
as  were  a  law 
cnn  of  gov- 
hemfelves  a- 
and  continu- 

reception  of 
hom  they 

forces,  and 
empire  ia 

nee  of  Chili, 
Baldivia.    S 

in  the  cap- 
Brazil,  S  A- 
guefe,  about 
It  is  on 
(im  whence 
lifli  King's 
after}',  and 
30  foldiers. 
■it.  aa  28  S, 

ailed  from 
being  10 
eadth;  25* 
5  from  fit. 
rtherly  of 
fed  bv  the 
,  Th'ein- 
ing,  plant- 
ing 


ing  Indian  corn,  and  other  kinds  of  huf- 
baiidry.  The  climate  is  ver/  healthy,  and 
the  inhabitants  ftrong  and  vigorous.  The 
exports  in  1770,  amounted,  in  fugar,  rum, 
and  cotton,  to  near  6qoo1.  Lon  6a  10 
W,  lat.  18  4  N. 

An'ryillit  a  .bank  and  idand  E  of  the 
Great  Bahama  Bnnk,  and  N  of  theilland 
of  Cuba.  l.on.  7^  10  to  79  i,  lat. 
2.3  i  to  24  10  N. 

Anntiille,  Cipe,  a  point  of  land  in  New- 
foundland ifland,  on  the  \V  Me,  in  the 
Gulf  of  .St.  Lawrence,  6  leagues  N  from 
Cape  Ray,  the  .*?  W  extremity  of  the  ill- 
and,  iii  lat.  47  J7  N. 

Anf^nilUt  a  bay  on  the  N  N  E  fsdo  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Jolin's,  in  the  fiulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  oppofite  Magdalen  Ides ;  and 
havingSt.  Peter's  harbour  on  the  S  £,and 
Port  Chimene  on  the  N  W. 

Annapolit  River,  ill  Nova  ."^cotia,  is  of 
fmall  fize  and  palFcs  into  the  bay  of  Fnn- 
dy  through  the  bafon  of  its  own  name.on 
the  S  fide  of  which,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  (lands  the  town  ;uid  fort  of  Anna- 
polis Royal.  It  is  navigable  for  fhips  of 
anybtirden  10  miles ;  for  thofe  of  lOctons, 
1^  miles;  and  is  paflablefor  boats  within 
ao  miles  of  Horton.  The  tide  flows  up 
30  miles. 

AniiapnlU,  a  county  in  Nova  Scotia  on 
the  above  river,  mljoiniiig  to  King's  couti- 
ty,  having  5  townlhipa,  vi?:.  Wilmot, 
Granville,  Annapolis,  the  chief  towns, 
Clare,  and  Monckton.  It  is  chiefly  in- 
habited by  Acadians,  Irifli,and  New  Eng- 
landers. 

Annapolis  Royal,  called  Port  Rnyal,  by  the 
French,  when  M.  de  Fonts  fettled  a  colo- 
ny here  in  1605.  This  town,  the  chief 
town  in  the  county  of  this  name,  ftands 
on  the  S  fide  of  thje  river  and  bay  of  An- 
napolis. N.iture  has  fcarcely  omittedonc 
thing  to  render  this  the  fineft  harbour  in 
the  world.  It  is  i  leagues  in  length,  and 
one  in  breadth,  h.iving  a  fmall  ifland, 
called  Goat  Ifland,  almpflin  the  middle  of 
the  bafon,  which  is  faid  to  be  large 
enough  to  contain  feveral  hundred  fliips. 
Its  depth  of  water  is  no  where  Tefs  than  4 
or  5  fathoms  ;  It  being  6  or  7  on  one  fide 
of  the  ifland.  and  on  the  other  16  or  18. 
The  bottom  is  every  where  very  good, 
and  {hips  may  be  fecure  in  it  from  all 
V/inds.  The  entrance  of  the  harbour  is 
difficult,  fays  Charlevoix,  belides  the  in- 
convenience of  great  fogs  ;  fo  that  only 
one  fhip  can  pafs  in  or  out  at  a  time,  and 
th.'.t  with  the  gieateft  precaution,  the  fliip 
beiijg  obliged  to  go  ftern  forenioft  by  rea- 


fon  of  the  Urong  currents  and  tides  hcr». 
The  town  is  not  large,  but  has  fome  ver/ 
handfomc  buildings.  It  is  fortified  ;  nor 
can  it  be  eafily  attacked,  but  by  a  bom- 
bardment. The  fort  is  capable  of  con- 
taining about  100  men  in  its  prefent  ftate. 
N  lat.  45  10,  W  Ion.  64  5. 

Aiinapclii,  a  port  town  in  Ann  Arundel 
CO.  and  the  capital  of  ATaryland.  It  ftandj* 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  30  miles  S  of 
Baltimore  ;  40  E  by  N  from  the  federal 
city;  7Z  S  VV  from  Wilmington,  in  Dela- 
ware State,  and  132  S  W  from  Philadel- 
phia It  was  formerly  called  Severn,  and 
in  1694,  it  was  miule  a  port  town.  It  i« 
fituated  on  a  penlnJ'ula  formed  bv  the  riv- 
er and  two  fmall  creeks  ;  and'aflbrdsa 
beautiful  profpe(Jl  of  Chcfapcak  Bay  and 
the  E  fliore  beyond  it.  I'he  houfes,  a- 
bout  320  in  number,  are  fpacions  and  el- 
egnnt,  indicative  of  great  wealth.  The 
State  Houfe  is  the  nobleft  building  of  the 
kind  in  the  union.  It  ftands  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  from  which  point  the  ftrcets 
diverge  in  every  dire«!llon, like  radii.  Th;* 
other  public  buildings,  are  a  College,  E- 
pifcopal  and  Mcthodift  church,  i\l:irl:et 
Houfe  and  Theatr'?.  The  Coll.?ge  has  a 
fund  of  1 7.i;cl.  per  annum.  It  has  alxnit 
100  Students.  N  lat.  38  56  ij,  lon.  7 ; 
8  W. 

Anymjloivn,  about  60  miles  W  of  Plcttf- 
bui-gh,  in  Clinton  co.  New  York. 

Ami  Aniiiili  County,  in  Maryland,  lies 
between  Pataploo  and  Patuxcnt  Rivers, 
and  has  Chcfapcak  Bay  S  ?-.  Annapolis 
is  the  chief  town,  'i'liis  county  contain.'* 
22,623  inhabitants,  of  whom  9760  are 
flaves.  It  is  $^  miles  long,  26  brc.id.  In 
fome  parts  the  foil  is  light  and  fdudy  ;  on 
the  Patuxent  and  Patapfco  rivers,  it  is 
rich  and  well  cultivated.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cotton  and  tobacco  are  the  princi- 
pal produce.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  lever;;! 
places. 

Aid: atom,  one  of  the  Ncw  Hebrides  cl af- 
ter of  iflands. 

Ann,  Cape,  is  tlie  point  of  land  in  the 
town  of  that  name,  or  Gloucefter,  which 
forms  the  N'fide  of  Maflachufctts  Bay.  as 
Cape  Cod  does  the  S  fide.  N  lat.  42  45, 
lon.  70  17  W,  Sec  Clozucpr.  '1  his  Cape 
was  fo  named  in  honor  of  Ann,  confort 
of  King  James  I. 

Ann,  St.  a  lake  in  Upper  Canada,  north- 
erly from  Lake  Superior,  which  fends  lis 
waters  northeafterly  into  James  Ear, 
through  Albany  River.  Its  northeaftern 
point  lies  in  N  lat.  .^c,  W  lon.  88. 

Ann,  St.  h  'he  chief  town  of  the  prov- 


/ 


ANT 


ANT 


I 


i   ■. 


" 


ill 


■4  ii 


!  f 


iiirc  of  Pnrann,  in  tlie  E  divilioa  of  Parn- 
guay,  S  Americit. 

/t'ln,  Fort,  in  the  St;ite  of  W  York,  lies 
nt  tlie  head  of  batte.iut  navigation,  on 
Wood  Ctecli,  which  ftill»  into  South  Bay, 
t,rike  Champlain,  near  Skciiefboroti^h.  It 
lies  7  itiiles  S  W  by  S  fiom  Skenefto- 
rough  Fort  ;  lO  E  S  E  fron»  Fort  George, 
and  12  N  E  by  N  from  Fort  Edward,  on 
Hii;lfo:i  River.  Suc'i  was  the  fivageftate 
of  this  pnrt  of  the  country,  and  the  layers 
of  tree3  laid  lengthwife  and  acrofs,  and  fi> 
broken  with  creeks  and  marHies,  that 
General  Burgoyne's  army,  in  July,  i777, 
could  fcarceiy  advance  above  a  mile  in  a 
day,  on  the  road  to  Fort  Edward.  They 
had  no  fewer  than  40bridge«  to  conftrudi, 
one  of  which  wis  of  log  work  a  miles  in 
length  ;  circumftances  which  in  after  ages 
will  appear  hardly  credible. 

Am's, .?/.  a  port  on  the  E  fide  of  Cape 
Breton  Idand,  where  fiflnng  veflels  often 
put  in.  It  lies  on  the  N  W  (idc  of  the 
entrance  into  Labrador  Lake.  W  Ion. 
6o,  Nlat.  47. 

A'inSfSt.  is  a  fmall  town  on  the  River 
St.  John's,  province  of  New  Brunfwick, 
about  8o  miles  from  St.  John's.  It  is  at 
prcfent  the  feat  of  government. 

Anfoit,  an  interior  county  of  N  Carolina, 
Jn  Fayette  diftridl:,  having  TvTecklinburg 
county  N  and  Bladen  and  Cumberland 
counties  on  the  E.  It  contains  8146  in- 
habitants, including  1200  flaves.  The 
foil  is  various  in  different  parts,  but  in 
general  is  very  good ;  wheat,  rye,  oats,  cot- 
ton, rrce,  hemp,  are  raifed  in  great  per- 
fetflion.  Some  of  the  low  lanos  are  un- 
healthy ;  billious  and  internu'ttent  com- 
plaints are  common. 

All/on^  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Kennebeck  river  and  N 
of  Sandy  river.  Seven  mile  brook  runs 
abm't  3  miles  through  the  town,  and  en- 
ters Kennebeck  in  its  N  E  comer. 

Anthonys  Fcilh,  St.  in  the  River  Mifll- 
fippi,  lie  about  10  miles  NVVof  the  mouth 
of  St.  Pierre  River,  which  joins  the  MifTi- 
fippi  from  the  W,  and  are  fituated  in  a- 
bont  lat.  44  50  N,  and  were  fo  named  by 
father  Louis  Hennipln,  who  travelled  in- 
to thefe  parts  about  the  year  1680,  and 
was  the  firft  European  ever  feen  by  the 
natives  there.  The  whole  river,  150 
-frards  wide,  falls  perpendicularly  above 
^o  feet,  and  forms  a  moft  pleafing  cafa- 
raift.  The  rapids  below,  in  the  fpace  of 
,<^oo  yards,  render  the  defcent  confidera- 
tlv  greater  ;  fo  that  when  viewed  at  a 
diftance,  they  appear  tg  be  much  higher 


than  they  re.illy  arc.  In  the  middle  ot 
the  falls  is  a  imall  idand,  about  40  feet 
broad,  and  fomewhat  longer,  on  which 
grow  a  few  hcmlf'ck  and  fpruce  trees  ; 
and  about  Ii.ilt  way  between  this  illand 
and  the  eaftern  Ihore,  is  a  rock,  lying  at 
the  very  edge  of  the  fall,  in  an  oblique 
pofition,  5  or  6  feet  broad,  and  30  or  40 
long.  Thefe  falls  are  pcculiiirly  fituated, 
as  thev  arc  approachable  without  the 
leaft  cbllruiflion  from  any  intervening 
hill  or  precipice  ;  which  cannot  be  faid, 
perhaps,  of  any  other  confiderable  fall  in 
the  world.  The  fcene  around  is  exceed- 
ingly beautiful.  It  is  not  an  uninterrupt- 
ed plain,  where  the  eye  finds  no  relief, 
but  compofed  of  many  gentle  afcents, 
which,  in  tlie  fpring  and  fummer,  are 
covered  with  verdure,  and  interfperfed 
with  little  g.oves,  tliat  give  a  pleafing  va- 
riety to  the  profpeiSt  At  a  little  dif- 
tance  below  the  falls  is  a  fmall  illand,  a- 
bout  2  acres,  on  which  grow  a  great 
number  of  oak  trees,  all  the  branches  of 
which,  able  to  bear  the  weight,  are,  in  the 
proper  feafon  of  the  year,  loaded  with 
eagle's  nefls.  Their  inftindtive  wifdom 
has  taught  them  to  choofe  this  place,  at 
it  is  fecure,  on  account  of  the  rapids  a- 
bove,  from  the  attacks  eitlier  of  man  or 
beaft. 

Aittbony^s  Kill,  a  weftern  water  of  Hud- 
fon  River.  Its  mouth  is  7  miles  above 
that  of  Mohawk  River,  oppofite  Schate- 
coke. 

Anthonys  Nop,  a  point  of  land  in  the 
Highlands,  on  Hudfon  River,  from  which 
to  Fort  Montgomery  on  the  oppofite  fide, 
a  large  boom  and  chain  was  extended  ia 
the  late  war,  which  coft  not  lefs  than 
70,0001.  fi:erling.  It  was  partly  deftroy- 
ed,  and  partly  carried  away  by  General 
Sir  Henry  Clinton,  in  October,  1777.  Al- 
fo,  the  name  given  to  the  point  of  a 
mountain  on  the  N  bank  of  Mohawk 
River,  about  30  miles  above  ScheUedlady. 
•Around  this  point  runs  a  public  road. 

Anticojli,  a  barren,  uninhabited  ifland.in 
the  mouth  of  St.  Lawrence  River.  Lat. 
49  30  N,  Ion.  6i  W  London. 

Aiit'ietiim  Creel,  in  Maryland,  rifes  by 
fevcral  branches  in  Pennfylvania,  and 
enipties  into  Patowmac  River,  3  miles  S 
S  E  from  Sharpfourg.  Elizabeth  and 
Funk's  towns  ftand  on  this  creek.  It  has 
a  ni'mber  of  mills  and  forges 

A-iigmr,  or  Ar.tcgo,  one  of  the  Caribbee 
Iflands  in  the  Wefl:  Indies,  belonging  to 
Great  Britain,  is  fituated  60  miles  to  the 
eaftward  of  Nevis  and  St.  Chriflopher's, 

It 


Tt  I<  almo 
^  long  ant 
^  acres  of  I 
appropri 
pifturag 
cotton  an 
Iv  rich, 
five  drou 
i  ticularly 
I  luuibus,  w 
\  it  from  a 
■i  de  la  Aiiti 
fays  that  i 
is  a  finguli 
which  in 
fignified  a 
fhould,  in 
have  been 
not  a  fingh 
tcr  in  it. 
rain  watei 
ciflerns,  is 
From  drou 
is  diflioult  I 
the  crops, 
that  the  q 
fome  years, 
others ;  thi 
hogflieads, 
crop  was  15 
ces ;  and  in 
1778,  there 
canes  being 
md  the  who 
periflied,  fo: 
vefiels  had 
nd  flour, 
leads  of  fug 
;>ned  a  gooc 
lorted  in  om 
_y  1778,  tot 
terling,  in  2 
184,526  cwt, 
[:il.  molafies 
iiul  other  fn 
>!>rtcd  to  th 
he  above,  w; 
bounds  in  b 
10ft  of  the  ; 
tlier  iflands. 
oth  white  ; 
lafed  progr 
lubitants  a 
[ares  to  57.: 
to  6   paiifl 
arifhos  are 
eorge,  St.  P, 
has   6  to» : 
the  capital)? 
IV  Bay,  Old 

ot.  i. 


le  middle  of 
>uut  40  feet 
',  on  whicK 
)riire  trees  ; 
I  thin  illand 
>ck,  lying  at 

an  obliijue 
nd  30  or  40 
rly  fituated, 
.vithout  tlie 
intervening 
not  be  faid, 
iraljle  fall  in 
id  is  exceed- 
anintemipt- 
U  no  relief, 
itle  afcents, 
ummer,  are 
interfperfed 
pleafing  va- 
:  a  little  dif- 
lall  ifland,  a- 
ow  a  groat 
!  branches  of 
It,  are,  in  the 
loaded  with 
live  wifdoni 
lis  place,  as 
he  rapids  a- 

of  man  or 

ater  of  Hud- 
miles  above 
olitc  Schate- 

land  in  the 

from  wliich 

l)ppofite  lide, 

extended  in 

It  lefs  tlian 

;ly  deflroy- 

Iby  General 

1777-  Al- 

point  of  a 

if   Mohawk 

Iclieneiftady. 

lie  road. 

ed  ifland,  in 

Iver.      l^at. 

kd,  rJfes  by 
|vania,  and 
3  miles  S 
labeth  and 
lek.     It  has 

■e  Caribbee 

plonging  to 

iles  to  the 

|riftopher's. 

It 


I 


ANT 

tt  i'  almoft  circular  ;  being  about  15  miles 
long  and    lo   broad,  containing  59y^3^ 
acres  of  land,  of  which  about  34>ooo  are 
appropriated  to  the  growth  of  fugar  and 
jnfturage  annexed.    Its  other  ftaples  are 
cotton  and  tobacco.     The  foil  is  natural- 
Ivr  rich,  and  when  not  checked  by  cxcef- 
(ivc  droughts,  to  wljich  Antigua  is  par- 
ticularly fubjcdl,  ii  very  productive.    Co- 
luitibas,  who  difcovered  this  ifland,  named 
it  from  a  church  in  Seville,  Santii  Motrin 
<le  la  Ani'igua  ;    and  his  fon,  Ferdinand, 
l:iv's  that  its  Indian  name  was  Jamaica.     It 
is  a  fingular  circuniflance,  that  this  word, 
which  in  the  language  of  the  larger  iflands 
fignlfied  a  country  abounding  with  fprings, 
fhould,  in  the  diaiedl  of  the  Caribbees, 
have  been  applied  to  an  ifland  that,  has 
not  a  fingle  Ipring  or  rivulet  of  frefh  wa- 
ter in  it.    The  inhabitants  make  ufe  of 
rain  water,  which,  when  preferved  in 
ciflerns,  is  light,  pure  and  wholefome. 
From  drought  and  other  circumftances,  it 
is  diflScult  to  furnifli  an  average  return  of 
the  crops,  which  vary  to  fuch  a  degree, 
that  the  quantity  of  fugar  exported  in 
fome  years,  is  five  times  greater  than  in 
others  ;  thus  in  1779,  were  Ihipped  3382 
hogflieads,  and  579  tierces;  in  1782,  the 
crop  was  15,382  hogflieads,  and  1603  tier- 
jces;  and  in  the  years  1770,  1773,  and 
1778,  there  were  no  crops  at  all;    the 
anes  being  deftroyed  by  a  long  drought, 
nd  the  whole  body  of  negroes  mufl  have 
leriflied,  for  want  of  food,  if  American 
effels  had  not  fuppHcd  them  with  corn 
nd  flour.    On  an  average,  1  7,000  hogf- 
lieads of  fugar,  of  16  cwt.  each,  are  reck- 
med  a  good  faving  crop.    Antigua  ex- 
ortcd  in  one  year,  ending  the  5th  Janua- 
y  1778,  to  the  value  of  593,5961.  15s.  8d. 
erling,  in  233  velTcU  :  the  cargoes  were 
84,526  cwt.  I  qr.  18  ll-<s.  fugar ;  7x9,546 
il.  molafies ;  26  lbs.  indigo  ;  dying  woods 
ml  other  fniall  articles.     The  value  ex- 
rted  to  the  United  States,  included  in 
he  above,  was  yf.i  1,03 1-15-4.   The  ifland 
bounds  in  black  cattle,  hogs,  fowls,  and 
10ft  of  the  animals  in  common  with  the 
tlier  IHands.  The  number  of  inhabitants, 
(ith  white  and  black,  fcem  to  have  dc- 
roafed  progreflTively.     In  1 774,  the  white 
ihabitants  amounted  to   2590,  ;ind  the 
ires  to  57.808.     The  ifland  I>  divided 
>to   6    paiitlies  and   11  diftriifls.      The 
arifhcs  are   St.  John's,  St.  Marv's,   St. 
corge,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  .and  St.'Philip. 
has  6  to^ns  and  villages.     St.  John's 
he  capital) Parham,  Falmouth,  Willough- 
Bay,  Old  Bay,  Old  Road,  and  James 


OL.    I. 


C 


ANT 

Fort ;  the  two  firft  of  which  are  legal 
ports  of  entry.  No  ifland  in  this  part  of 
the  Weft  Indies  can  boafl:  of  fo  many  ex- 
cellent harbours  ;  of  thcl'e  the  principal 
are  Kn'jlifii  Harbour,  and  St  John's,  both 
well  fortified ;  and  at  the  former  are  a 
royal  navy  yard,  anil  arftnal,  v  iili  cor.- 
vcuienccs  for  careening  fliioi  ot  war.  'I'iie 
miiit.iry  eflililiflinKMit  {^oiicraily  conlillj 
of  2  rcifinicnt;  of  inlantrv,  and  2  of  tbi  t 
militia.  There  are  likewiie  a  rqiKadron  <  f 
dragoons, and  a  battallion  of  artillery, botli 
raifed  in  the  ifland;  and  the  rctjulars  re- 
ceive additional  pay  as  in  J.Tniaica.  Tlie 
governor  or  captain  generalol'  thcloeward 
Caribbean  Iflands,  gencr.illy  reliJcs  in  An- 
tigua, but  vifits  occafionally  each  ifland 
within  his  government ;  and,  in  hearing 
and  determininT;  caul'cs  from  the  oilier 
iflands,  prefules  alone.  Me  is  clianccllor  of 
each  ifiand  by  his  office;  but  in  r;  ufts 
arifing  in  Antigua,  ho  is  all'ifled  In  li!s 
council,  after  the  praiilice  of  Harbadocs ; 
and  the  prefidcnt,  together  witii  a  certain 
number  of  the  council,  may  determine 
chaunccry  caufes  during  the  abfence  of 
the  governor  general.  The  other  court* 
of  this  ifland  are  a  court  of  king's  bencli, 
a  court  of  common  picas,  and  a  court  of 
excliequer.  The  clr.in-Ii  of  the  United 
Brethren  has  been  very  fuccofciiul  in  con- 
verting to  chriilianity  manv  ot  the  negro 
flaves  of  this  and  tiie  other  illands.  '1  he 
climate  here  is  hotter  than  at  I'arliadoes, 
and  like  that  ifland  fiibictl:  to  luirricancs. 
The  firft  grant  of  Antigua  wa,";  made  bv 
Charles  IL  about  1^-63,  to  William  Lord 
Willoughby  of  Parham,  and  three  years 
after,  a  colony  was  planted.  It  was  fur- 
prifed  the  fame  year  by  the  French.  It 
made  no  figure  in  ccmmerce,  till  Col. 
Chriftopher  Codrington,  licut.  governor 
of  Barbadocs,  came  and  fettled  here  in 
1690.  There  happened  a  moft  terrible 
hurricane  here  in  1 707,  that  did  vafl  d;im- 
age  to  this  ifland  and  Nevis,  more  than  to 
any  of  the  Caribbee  Iflands.  In  October, 
1736,  was  the  plot  of  Court,  Tor.ibay  and 
Hercules, three  Indians  vho  had  convey- 
ed gun  powder  under  theball  room,  where 
the  governor  was  to  give  a  ball ;  but  it 
was  happily  difcovered,  and  they  were  all 
executed.  Antigua  lies  between  17  y^^ 
and  1 7  1 7  45  N  lat.  and  betw een  6i  22  15 
and  61  36  12  W  Ion. 

A.itlllc,;n  cluiler  of  iflands  in  the  Weft 
Indies,  diftinguifhed  into  Great  and  ."^mall. 
They  lie  from  18  to  24  degrees  of  N  lat. 
are  diftinguiflied  into  Windward  and  Lee- 
ward Iflands,  and  lie  in  the  form  of  a  bow, 

flretcliing 


^4 


APA 

ftretchin];  from  the  coaft  of  Florida  N  tu 
that  of  Brazil  S.  The  moft  remarkable  of 
them  arc  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Hifpaniola  or 
Domingo,  and  I'orto  Rico.  See  each  un- 
der its  proper  head. 

Antiqutra,  a  feaport  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Guaxaqua,  in  Mexico. 

Antiquiera,  or  Anteqii'ura,  a  town  in  N. 
Spain,  province  of  Guaxaqua,  75  miles  S 
of  the  city  uf  Guaxaqua. 

Afitriventria,  a  fubdivifion  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S  of  Carthage,  ia. 

Antonio  De  Suchilcpec,  St.  a  town  in  Mtv 
ico  or  N.  Spain,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Paciiic 
Ocean,  N  lat.  15,  W  Ion.  93  5. 

Antonio,  St.  the  capital  of  the  province 
of  Apachicra,  in  N.  Mexico. 

Antonio,  A  town  in  the  province  of  Na- 
Tarra,  in  N.  Mexico,  on  a  river  which  runs 
S  W  into  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Antonio,  Cu/ie  St.  the  moft  weftern  point 
of  the  Ifland  of  Cuba  ;  having  on  the  N  W 
a  number  of  idots  and  rocks,  called  Los 
Colorado!),  between  which  and  the  cape 
is  the  channel  of  Guaniguanica.  N  lat.  a 
J5,Wlon.  85^. 

Antonio  De  Cabo,  St.  a  town  in  Brazil,  in 
S.  America,  near  Cape  St.  Auguftine,  fub- 
je»a  to  the  Portuguefe.  Here  they  make  a 
confidcrable  quantity  of  fug.T.  S  lat.  8  34, 
W  Ion.  ,15  Si. 

Antonio,  St.  A  town  In  N  Moxiro  on  the 
"W  fide  of  Rio  Bravo  River,  below  St. 
Grcgoria.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  on 
the  river  Hondo,  which  falls  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  N  E  of  Rio  de  Brava  ;  and  on 
the  eaftern  fide  of  the  river,  S  by  W  from 
Texas. 

./<«/«>,  a  townfliip  in  Hilllborough  cO. 
N.  Hampfliire,  75  miles  W  of  Portfmouth, 
and  about  the  famediftanceNWof  Bofton. 
Anville,  or  Miller's  Toivn,  in  Dauphine 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head  of  Tulpc- 
hocken  Creek.  When  the  canal  between 
the  Sulquehannah  and  Schuylkill,  along 
thefe  creeks,  is  completed,  this  town  will 
probably  rife  to  fome  confequence.  It 
lies  18  miles  NEbyEfrom  Hanifburg, 
and  6,;  N  W  from'  Philadelphia. 

Anxerma,  is  a  town  and  province  of  Po- 
payan,in  S.America,having  mines  of  gold. 
It  18  feated  on  the  river  Coca.  N  lat.  4  58. 
Apachiera,  an  audience  and  province  of 
N.  Mexico,  whofe  capital  is  St.  Fe,  in  N 
lat.  36  30,  W  Ion.  104. 

Apalaches,  or  5/.  MarVs  R.  rifes  in  the 
countryof  the  Seminole  Indians,  in E Flori- 
da, in  N  lat.  31  30,  near  the  N  W  fource  of 
Great  Satilla  River;  runs  S  W  through  the 
Apalachy  country  into  the  bay  of  Apala- 
cKy,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  ruMt  al)out 


APO 

iiH  miles  and  falls  into  the  Bay  nanr  tti« 
mouth  of  Apalachicola  River. 

Apiilachicola,  a  river  botwccn  E  and  VT 
Morida,  having  its  fource  in  the  Apalachi- 
an  Mountains,  in  the  Cherokee  country, 
within  tc'i  mi!v8  of  Tuguloo,  the  Upper 
branch  of  S;ivunn.ih  Rivir.  From  iti 
fourct'  to  the  mouth  of  Flint  River,  a  dif- 
tance  of  300  miles,  it  in  called  Chata  Uche, 
or  Ciiataiiooclif  River.  Flint  River  fall* 
into  it  from  tlio  N  \L  below  the  Lower 
Creek  Towns,  iiiNlat.  i,\.  From  thence  it 
nins  near  80  miles,  and  tails  into  the  Bay 
of  Apalachy,  or  Apalachicola,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  at  Cdpe  Blaize.  From  its 
fourre  to  the  33d  dcg.  of  N  lat.  its  courfe 
is  S  W,  from  thence  to  its  mouth  it  run* 
n-^arly  S      Sec  Chata  Ihha  and  Flint  Riven. 

Atnliichicnlu,  is  likcwife  the  name  of  the 
1  Tother  town  or  capital  of  the  Creek  or 
M\jfcogidge  confcderacy,calledApaI'achu- 
cla  by  Bertram.  It  is,  fays  he,  facfed  to 
peace ;  no  captives  are  put  to  death  or 
hunuui  blood  fpilt  here  ;  and  when  a  gen- 
eral peace  is  propofed,  deputies  from  all 
the  towns  in  the  confederacy  meet  here  to 
deliberate.  On  the  other  hand,  the  grri'.t 
Coweta  Town,  11  miles  higher  uj)  the 
Chata  Uche  River,  is  called  the  Blocdy 
Toivn,  where  the  Miccs  chiefs  and  warr 
lors  alTenible  wlicn  a  general  war  is  pro- 
pofed ;  and  there  captives  and  ftate  malC' 
faiftors  arc  put  to  death.  Apal.ichicola  is 
fituated  a  mile  and  an  half  above  the  an' 
cicnt  town  of  that  name,  which  was  fitu- 
ated on  a  pcninfula  formed  by  the  doub- 
ling of  the  river,  but  defcrted  on  account 
of  inundations.  The  town  is  about  3  days 
journey  from  Tallaflee,  a  town  on  the 
Tallapoofe  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mobile 
River.    See  Coiueta,  and  TallnJJ'ie. 

Apatachian  MQuiiluins,  a  part  uf  thcranjc 
called  fometimes  by  this  name,  but  gener- 
ally Alleghany  Mnuntairs.  In  this  part  of 
the  great  chain  of  mountains,  in  the  Cher- 
okee country,  the  river  Apalachrcola  liai 

its  foUrce.      See  Allevhany  Muunlains. 

Apalachy  Country,  extends  acrt)!*  Flint 
and  Apalaches  Rivers,  in  Eaft  Florida, 
having  the  Seminole  country  on  the  N  E. 
Apalachy,  or  Apalachya,  is  by  fome  writ- 
ers, applied  to  a  town  .-md  harbour  m 
Florida, 90  miles E  of  Penfacolri,  into  whi-ili 
this  river  empties  itfelf.  The  tribes  if 
the  Apalachian  Indians  lie  around  it. 

Apoquenemy  Creek,  falls  into  Delaware 
Bay  from  Middletown,  in  Newcaftle  co. 
Delaware,  a  mile  and  an  half  below  Ree- 
dy Ifland.  A  canal  is  propofed  to  extend 
from  the  fouthern  branch  of  this  creek,  at, 
about  4  miles  from  Middletown,  to  tha 


« 


lipad  of  1 
Jant  ;  wl 
nation  b< 
Chefape; 
Afyple 
in  St.  La 
S  Pule  of 
Green  Illi 
which  re 

Apple 

fide  ot  Se 

ttie  town 

mulus  on 

Appoma 

branch  o 

may  be  n 

or  10  mill 

any  velFcl 

Bar,  in  Jt 

J^  water  a  m 

Ij  Bar,  and  i, 

"  Peterlburf 

burg  the  n 

l)ut  a  com 

canal  roun 

the  town, 

out  the  riv 

Edward  cc 

Apolo  Ua 

millions  be 

jedl  to  the 

from  that  c 

7  towns  of  c 

thefe  from  1 

and  to  give 

litia  is  kepi 

formed  by  1 

Apurima, 

cr  in  Peru, 

river  Aban: 

Aquafort, 

the  fouth  e:i 

land  Ifland, 

Aquedochto 

pifeogee,  in 

whofe  watei 

Jakes  in   a  I 

Merrimack 

Sanborntow) 

_  Aquila,    a 

ginia,  47  mil 

AquiJneck, 

Rhode Ifland 
Araguaya, 
>razil.  See 
Ararat,  M. 
'range  of  moi 
'N-  Carolina, 
t>i  anch  of  Ya 
<s  a  delightfuJ 


Bay  ntnr  tt\* 
r. 

ecu  E  and  VT 
the  Apalachi- 
iikce  country, 
»o,  the  rtpper 
r.      From   itf 
It  River,  a  dif- 
d  Chata  Uche, 
int  River  falls 
)W  the  Lower 
■rom  thence  it 
i  into  the  Bav 
la,  in  the  Gulf 
7,c.     From  it* 
J  lat.  it*  courfe 
mouth  it  run* 
nd  Flint  Rivers, 
he  name  of  the 
f  the  Creek  or 
lUeJApatachu- 
g  he,  fat  fed  to 
lUt  to  death  or 
nd  when  a  gen- 
jputles  from  all 
icy  meet  here  to 
hand,  the  groi.t 
higher   up  the 
lied  the   Blpcily 
hieFs  and  warr- 
[eral  war  is  pro- 
•  and  ftate  male- 
Apalachicola  is 
above  the  an- 
which  was  fitu- 
led  by  the  doub- 
led on  account 
is  about  3  day*  li 
town  on  the 
of  the  Mobile 

•ilajfi-e. 

,art  of  therarje 
ame,  but  gener- 
In  this  part  of 
ns,  in  the  Cher- 
jalachicola  hai  5 
Vluuitlains. 
,ds  acroi's  Flint  , 
Eaft   Flnridii,' 
ry  on  the  N  E. 
by  fome  writ- 
md  harbour   in 
icoIa,intowhi<:li 
The  tribes  if 
I  around  it. 
into  Delaware 
\  Ncwcaftle  co. 
alf  below  Rce- 
pofed  to  extenil 
of  this  creek,  at 
Uetowii,  to  tin 


AR  A 

fcpad  of  Bohemia  River,  nearly  8  miles  dlf- 
Tant  J  which  will  form  a  water  communi- 
fation  between  Delaware  Hay,  and  that  of 
Chefapeak,  tJtrough  lUk  River. 

Al>ple  If  and,  a  fmall  uninliabited  ifland 
in  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  Canada,  on  the 
S  lide  of  the  river,  between  Dafiiue  and 
Crrcen  Illands.  It  is  furroundcd  by  rocks, 
which  render  the  navigation  dangerous 

W//>/j'  Teivn,  an  hidian  village  on  the  F. 
fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  N.  York,  between 
the  townfliips  of  Ovid  on  the  S  and  Ro- 
mulus on  the  N. 

Appomatox,  is  the  name  of  a  fouthcrn 
branch  of  James  River,  in  Virginia.  It 
may  be  n;ivigated  as  far  as  Bro  dways,  8 
or  10  miles  from  Bermuda  Hundred,  by 
any  veird,  which  has  crofled  Harrilon's 
Bar,  in  James  R,iver.  It  has  8  or  9  feet 
water  a  mile  or  two  fartJier  up  to  1  illier's 
Bar,  and  4  feet  on  that  and  upwards  to 
Peterfburg.  For  5  miles  above  Peterf- 
l>urg  the  navigation  is  interrupted  by  falls ; 
l)ut  a  company  are  employed  in  cutting  a 
canal  round  thefe  falls  into  the  centre  of 
the  town,  and  already  they  have  cleared 
out  the  river  as  far  as  Farmville  in  Prince 
Edward  co. 

Apolo  Bama,  a  jiirifdidlioii  confifting  of 
millions  belonging  to  the  Francifcans,  lub- 
jeiSl  to  the  bifliop  of  Cufco,  60  leagues 
from  that  city,  in  Peru.  Thefe  confift  of 
7  towns  of  CO.  verted  Indians.  To  protect 
thefe  from  the  infults  of  the  other  Indians, 
and  to  give  credit  to  the  miffionaries,  a  mi- 
litia is  kept  here,  under  a  major  general, 
formed  by  the  inhabitants. 

Apiirima,  or  Aparamac,  a  very  rapid  riv- 
er in  Peru,  S.  America,  30  miles  from  the 
river  Abanzai. 

Aquafort,  a  fettlement  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  fouth  eaftern  extremity  of  Newfound- 
land Idand,  lat.  47  10  N. 

Aqtieihchton,  the  outlet  of  lake  Wiiini- 
pifeogee,  in  N.  Hampfliire,  N  lat.  43  40, 
|whofe  waters  pafs  through  fevcral  fmaller 
iJakes  in  a  S  W  courle,  and  empty  into 
Merrimack  River,  between  the  towns  of 
iianborntown  and  Canterbury. 

Aqiiila,  a  poft  town  in  Stauord  co.  Vir- 
inia,  47  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Aquidncci,  the  aiicicnt  Indian  name  of 

liode  Ifland. 

Araguaya,  a  branch  of  Para  River,  in 
sBrazil.     See  Para. 

Ararat,  Mount,  or  the  Stone  Hi-ad,  a  fliort 
range  of  mountains  on  the  N  frontier  of 
N.  Carolina,  F-  from  Ararat  River,  a  N  W 
ipraiich  of  Yadkin  River,  from  the  f"jnmit 
<5  a  delightful  and  extenlive  profpeit. 


ARE 

Araflaptf^aiv.     See  Athnfnjittv  LAe. 

Arnma,  a  fortrels  and  town  of  Chili,  in 
.S.  America  ;  lituattd  in  a  fine  val'.cy,  ona 
river  of  the  fume  name,  N  by  W  from 
Baldivia.  ^ The  native  Indians  drove  the 
Spaniards  out  of  their  country,  though 
delHtute  ol  firearms.     S  laf,  37  30,  W  Ion. 

Araziio,  one  of  the  principal  places  in 
Porto  Riro  Illand,  in  the  VV  Indies.  It  has 
few  inhabitants,  and  little  trade  but  fmug- 

g''n«- 

Arcar,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
in  the  Bay  of  Campeachy.  Lat.  ao,  Ion. 
ya  50. 

Ard<  Spri/ig.     See  Bald  Eaglf  f 'allay. 

Anlipiliijrs,  Danj^i-rous,  the  nanic  giveti 


•giv 
cluf 


by  Bou^anville,  in  F«;b.  1768,  to  a  cTuftac 
of  illands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Otahcite,  fituated  b«» 
twecn  to  and  18  degrees  S  lat.  and  be- 
tween Z4a  and  145  degrees  W  Ion.  from 
Viirii.  The  iflands  which  compofe  this 
Archipelago,  he  named  Quatrc  Facardins, 
the  Lanciers,  and  La  Harpe.and  other  ifl- 
ands, forming  two  groups,  to  which  he 
gave  no  names.  In  April,  1769,  Captain 
Cook  fell  in  with  thefe  fame  illands,  and 
named  them  Lagnon  Ifland,  Thruivi  Cap, 
Bow  Ifland,  and  the  Two  Group?. 

Archipelago  of  the  Great  Cyclades,  a  clufter 
of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lying  be- 
tween 14  and  aodcg.  S  lat.  and  i^etwsen 
164  and  168  dcg.  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  dif- 
covered  by  Bouganville,  aad  of  May,i 768.. 
This  is  the  fame  clufter  of  iflands  difcover- 
by  Quiros  in  i6o('),  and  by  him  called 
Tierra  Anjlral  del  Efpiritu  Santo,  which  fee. 
Capt.  Cook  pafied  thefe  iflands  in  1774, 
and  palled  them  New  Hebrides. 

Ardois,  a  mountain  in  Nova  Scotia,  be-, 
twecn  Windfor  and  Halifax  ;  13  miles  N 
W  from  the  latter.  It  is  deemed  the  high- 
eft  land  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  aft'oriis  an 
cxtcnfivc  profpe*^  of  all  the  hijrh  and  low 
lands  about  Windfor  and  Falmouth,  and. 
the  diftant  country  bordering  the  Bafon 
of  Minas. 

Arequipa,  is  one  of  the  largeft  cities  in 
Peru, S. America, and  was  founded  by  Don 
Francifquo  Pizarro,  in  1539.  It  ftands. 
in  the  valley  of  Quiica,  about  ao  leagues 
from  the  fea,  in  a  fertile  country.  Near 
it  is  a  dreadful  volcano.  The  air  is  very 
temperate  ;  and  the  beft  in  the  coun- 
try ;  but  it  has  been  four  times  la;4. 
in  ruins  by  earthquakes.  It  is  very  pop- 
ulous, and'  well  built  ;  contains  a  con- 
vent, and  two  nunneries,  and  had  a  col- 
lege of  Jefuits.  It  has  a  biflioprick  in  Li- 
ma. 


A  R  R 


ASC 


i 


'i^liii 


m 


m»,  and  lie*  J90  milr»  s  by  E  from  that 
city.     l,i»t  16  40  S,  Ion.  75  30  W. 

A'-s^ylt,  a  townfliip  in  W,ill»iii};ton  co. 
N.  Yolk.ontlie  K  bank  otJ-IiiiUdii  Rivrr, 
ill  which  are  Vutl  Kdward  mvI  lort  Mil- 
Itr. 

^'(jv/c.a  townfliip  in  olulbiirnr  co.  No- 
va Sn)ti;i,  fL'ttlid  liy  Acailiaiu  :iiid  ticotch. 

Aru.i,  ii  jurililiJtioii  ill  llic  l>itlui|)rick 
of  .V  ■cquip.i,  in  I'cru,  txlrndiitj;  ;ti'ing 
the  ci)h(1  ol  till'  S  fca.  It  jm>(liicc»  little 
illtr  than  .ii_;i,  tir  Giiiiii.i  pcppir  ;  and  in 
Ionic  pi  lies  lirg,  olives,  lit  which  they 
in  ikc  Oil  and  pickL's  :  but,  alihon);!)  (he 
country  is  utIitrwilV  l)arrcn,  tlic  produce 
of  pcppt.i'.uiuiunts  annually  to  no  Ida  than 
60,000  dollars  value. 

Aricj,  A  town  anil  port  in  the  province 
of  I.Ob  C'lKiri.()»,  i  >  Fern  ;  bcinj^  the  port 
town  to  mod  oftiic  mines  in  that  country. 
It  ib  a  pi  ICC  of  vaft  trade,  and  very  pop- 
vdous ;  lelJoni  without  a  great  deal  of 
diipping.  h  is  but  badly  fortitied,  and 
ha3  been  much  injured  by  <'artlu]uakeH, 
which  have  alfo  hurt  its  trade.  No  raiu 
ever  falls  here  ;  the  houfes  arc  therefore 
witlioiif  root's.  Tile  valley  of  Arica  it 
famous  forlitilc  tlfe  than  the  culture  of 
Guinea  pcppcr.which  theSpaniards plant- 
ed, and  of  this  they  raife  annually  to  the 
value  of  80,000  crowns.  It  in  jjO  miles 
SE  of  Lima.    S  lat.  18  a;,  Wlon.71  6. 

AiiJjjt,  a  town  in  Cape  Breton   illand. 

Aiii-s  Kill,  a  fmall  creek  wl»ich  runs 
northerly  iuto  Mohawk  River,  a^  miles 
W  from  Schoharie  River,  in  N.  York. 

Aiiiinfas,  Arkiinfatv,  a  N  W  branch  of 
Miinfippi  River,  of  a  very  long  courfc  in 
Louifiana,  which  falls  in  by  two  mouths, 
and  forms  an  idand,  whofe  north  wtflern 
point  lies  in  N  lat.  33  35,  W  Ion.  91.  The 
length  of  this  illand  is  35  miles  ;  its  breadth 
lo.  The  branch  on  the  north  eadern 
fide  of  the  illand  receives  White  River, 
about  24  miles  ftom  its  mouth. 

Arl'/r^lon,  a  townfhip  in  Bennington  en, 
Vci  mont,  I  z  miles  N  from  Bennington. 
It  has  [)()i  inhabitants. 

Armaiicbijuois,  a  nation  of  Indians  in 
Canada. 

Armjltonft,  3  county  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
bounded  N  by  Vcnan^^i,  E  by  Lycoming, 
watered  by  the  Allcijhany,  and  its  brandi- 
es, containing  ,581,400  acres,  and  2399  in- 
habitants.'being  divided  into  3  townlliips. 

Ar/ieJu,  a  town  in  Peru,  on  the  South 
Sea,  25  miles  N  of  Lima. 

Atraciffi,  a  \)ort  town  of  Brazil,  in  the 
capcainfliipof  Fcrnanibaco  ;  eftccmtd  the 
ftrongeft  in  all  Brazil.  The  poit  tonfiQs 
of  a  fuburb,  iu  which  are  feme  large  houl- 


ei,  and  repuntories  for  floret ;  and  isbuils 
upon  a  nirrow  padagc,  wiih  a  callle  li» 
defend  the  entrance.  Notwith(landin|; 
which,  Janus  i.ancailer  enltred  the  iiar- 
bour  in  159;,  wiih  7  Englilh  vtfleb,  and 
made  himliU  m^tflcr  of  the  town  and  caf- 
tle,  wImtc  he  (oniinurd  a  month,  and  or- 
ried  oH'imnunfc  plunder  ;  but  fincc  that 
tini'.',  the  l'ortn)>ucfe  iiave  rendered  it  ol- 
moft  inacciflihlc  to  enemies,  l.at.  8  20 
S,  Ion  36  10  W. 

Arr,iy,il  Di  Poralf,  a  town  in  Brazil, 
fituatid  en  the  W  fide  of  I'ara  River,  be- 
low the  junction  of  its  two  ^rcai  briuichc*. 
See  i .I'u  Kurr. 

Arn>ufei^,-Ax\  ifland  in  Mdine,  feparatrd 
from  Parker's  Illand  by  a  I'nudl  (Irait.  It 
is  within  tlie  limits  of  (iforjic  Town, and 
contains  nearly  \  of  its  inhabitants,  and 
has  a  church.  It  contains  ab>>ut  20,coo 
acres  of  land,  including  a  large  quantity 
of  fait  marlli.  .Sec  Cm^c  Town  and 
Piirhr'j  JJlatiJ, 

A rp cutis, the  IJlanJt  o/iI}i,the  name  given 
by  M.  de  .Surville,  in  1769,  to  bolomon'k 
liiands,  on  account  of  the  barbarous  char- 
ad>er  of  their  inhabitants,  particularly  at 
Port  Pradin.  Thefe  iflands  were  vilUcd 
by  Mr.  Shortland  in  1788,  and  by  him 
called  New  Georgia.  Sec  Solomon  j  IJk* 
and  Poit  Ptojlin. 

Arthur  Kiill,  or  Newark  Bay,  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Jerfcy,  is  formed  by  thcunioa 
pf  Paflaic  and  Hackinfack  Rivers. 

Aiiiha,  one  of  the  Little  Antille  Idands, 
in  the  W.  Indies,  is  fubjeifl  to  the  Dutch. 
It  is  uninhabited,  lies  near  Terra  Firma, 
14  leagues  W  of  Curacoa,  and  produces 
little  clfc  beilde  corn  and  wood.  N  lat. 
12  30,  W  Ion.  67  3 J. 

AriimJ'iinihiw^iin,isWi  in  Pcnobfcot  river. 

Aiiinctcl,A  townfliip  in  York  co. Maine, 
between  Cape  Forpoife,  and  Fiddeford  on 
the  N  E  on  Saco  River,  21  miles  N  E 
from  York. 

Afjiif^aro,  a  jurifdiillion  undci  the  bifljop 
of  Cufto,  in  Peru, S.  America,  50 leagues 
from  that  city  :  numbers  of  cattle  arc 
bred  here.  There  arc  fome  filver  mines 
in  the  N  E  part  of  it  ;  and  it  produces 
papas,  quinoas,  and  canaguas.  Of  the 
two  1.1ft  they  make  chicha  aj  others  do 
from  maize. 

Afu-i:Jioii  B<iy,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  in  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras, having  Amber  Bay  on  the  N  and 
the  northern  point  of  Ambergieefe  Key 
on  the  S,  which  forms  a  pafTage  into  Han- 
over Bay,  S  from  Afccnfion  Bay.  This  is 
alfo  the  name  of  a  bay  in  the  N  part  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  fitualcd  between  Cape 

Bali.2c 


]bii« 
theB 
joth 
Ajh 
a  tuw 
miles 


ASS 


A8V 


Balisc  at  the  mouth  of  the  Miiririnpi.niul 
the  Bay  of  Jrclh  Water  on  thi-  \V  in  the 
joth  (le^jTce  ol  N  lut.  and  yul  of  W  km. 

Ajbl/urnl'um,  formerly  ])nt\hjl,r  CjiiiiJj, 
a  town  ill  Won  clk-r  co.  Mairacluifetti,  .^O 
luilev  N  of  Worcclkr,  ajiil  35  fruni  Bolhm, 
>vas  incorporated  in  1765,  and  contaiiH 
'J<J4  iiiliabituni».  It  Hands  upon  the  height 
of  land  K  of  Connetilicut  River,  and  W  of 
jVIerrimack,  on  tlie  banlct  of  Little  Naiik- 
lieag.  In  this  lowiilhip,  is  a  white  fand, 
equal  in  linenelii  to  that  at  Cape  Ann,  and 
wiiich,  it  is  judi'ed  would  make  tine  <;lai'9. 

jyHy,  a  tuwnlhip  in  Middlel'ex  co.  Maf- 
fachurelt»,50  miles  N  W  from  UoUon, con- 
taining 1)41  inhabitants. 

AJL^utiiey,  or  Afuaitiiey,  a  mountain  in 
Vermont,  beinjf  partly  in  the  townlliips  of 
Windlor  -md  Wcathcrbficld.  It  is  3031 
feet  above  ti>c  rc:i,  and  1733,  above  hijjh 
water  in  Conne»5licut  River,  wluchgUdea 
l>y  its  E  (idc. 

Ajhe,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Morgan 
diftrii't,  containinjj  1783  inhabitants,  85 
of  them  are  (laves.  The  courtRoul'e,  where 
a  poll  olKce  is  kept,  is  473  miles  fnnn 
Wafliington. 

Afijxcli!,  a  towniliip  in  Ilampfliire  co. 
Mallachufctts,  about  15  miles  N  W  of 
Northampton,  and  i  ao  from  BoAon,  con- 
taining 1741  inhabitants. 

Afiford,  a  port  town  in  Windham  co. 
Connetfkicut,  incorporated  in  1710,  38 
miles  northeaftcrly  from  Hartford. 

AJhford,  Nciv,  a  townfliip  in  Bcrkfhire 
CO.  Mafl'acJiufctts,  fouth  of  and  adjoining 
WiUiamdown,  and  has  390  inhabit,    ts. 

AJhmot,  the  principal  harbour  m  Ifle 
Madame,  which  is  dependent  on  Cape 
Breton.     See  Breton  Cape. 

AJhueht,  or  AJbtvillet,  a  fmall  river,  hav- 
ing a  number  of  branches,  whole  moft  dil- 
tant  ftturce  is  at  the  N  end  of  the  Sunapee 
Mountains,  N.  Haniplliire.  It  runs  fouth 
wefterly  through  part  of  Chefliire  county. 
Below  Winchefter  it  runs  W  by  N.  and 
empties  into  Conncifticut  R.  at  Hinfdale. 

AJhvilley  a  poft  town  in  Buncombe  co. 
N.  Carolina,  549  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Afpotagoen  Alountain.  This  high  land 
lies  on  the  promontorj  'h.^t  feparates  Ma- 
hone  from  Margaret's  bay,  in  the  coaftof 
Nova  Scotia.  It  is  fccn  at  a  gre^t  diftance 
from  the  offing,  and  is  the  land  generally 
made  by  the  fliips  bound  from  Europe  and 
the  W.  Indies  to  Halifax.  The  fummit  is 
about  500  feet  ab(\vc  the  level  of  the  ica. 

AJfabet,  a  rivulet  which  rifcs'in  Grafton, 
Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  and  runs  N 
E  into  Merrimack  River. 


JtJfinfpn'.vaU^  a  lake  wtAward  of  ChriA' 
tianaux  Lake,  and  through  whii.h  itk  wa- 
ters nm  into  Albany  Kiver,  iu  New  Uouth 
j   Wales. 

AJJ'ii'ihtih,  or  AJfnibieh,  a  river  and  l;iko 
in  the  N  W  part  ol  N.  Ame'ica.  '1  he  riser 
is  laid  to  rile  in  ilie  Mountain  ot  bright 
I   .Stones,  runs  N  1'.  into  i.akc  Winl[)ie,  in  N 
I  lat.  ji^  W   Ion.  106,   47  mile*  from  the 
1  mouth  of  Winniidc  rivir,  30  miles  f .» m 
I  the  lake  it  divides  into  two  branohcit.     ht 
I   waters  U'e   inhabited  by  the   Algonquin 
!  and  Nadowalis  tribes,  wiio  arein  periiCin- 
al  warfare,    iievend  other  tribes  are  louiid 
here.     'I'he  lake  is  placed  in  loiuc  maps  in 
the  jad  dcg.  of  N  lat.  and  961I1  of  \V  Ion. 
It  has  communication  with  C'luiRianaux 
Lake,  on   the   eadward,  \vlii<  \\  lends  its 
waters  to  James  B.iy.     'I'his  lake  by  tlie 
Indians  is  called  AlLbiiiifi,w  grcil  water ; 
is  faid  to  be  600  leagues  in  circunilercnce, 
and  ccmtatns  ibmany  ill.tnds  that  it  is  fic- 
qiiently  called  the  lake  of  illands.     Ac- 
cording to  I'ather  Charlevoix,  Bourbon 
river  takes  its  rile  from  this  lake. 

Ajfinols,  a  nation  of  Indians  inhabiting 
the  forells  of  Cai'  ida. 

AJfiimpt'tonyVtW  cpifc?opal  city,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Paraguay,  in  the  E  diviiion  of  Far- 
apuay  or  La  I'lata  in  S.  America.  It  flandt 
on  the  eaflern  bank  of  a  river  of  Its  name, 
a  little  above  the  place  where  the  I'icol- 
maga  falls  into  it ;  having  Villa  Rica  on 
the  N  and  La  Plata  on  the  S,  and  is  nearer 
the  fouthcrn,  than  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  but 
not  far  from  the  middle  of  that  part  of  the 
continent.  It  was  built  by  the  Spaniard^ 
in  1538,  and  is  reniarkable  for  its  healthy 
iituation,  as  well  as  for  the  number  of  it» 
inhabit.ants,  and  tlie  rich  and  fruitful  ter- 
ritory in  which  it  ftands  ;  which  produces 
a  great  variety  of  native  and  exotic  fruits, 
in  the  highcfl  pcrfctTlion.  Here  arc  feve- 
ral  hundred  Spanlllx  families,  ilelcendants 
of  the  flower  of  tlie  gentry,  who  fettled  in 
this  place  ;  while  the  drc;»s  of  their  coun- 
trymen removed  to  t;tlier  parts.  There 
are  likewife  a  ninnbcr  of  Mehi.Tos  and 
Mulattoes.  The  city  lies  about  50  league* 
above  the  conHucnce  of  the  Parnn^uaj  and 
Parana,  where  the  former  begins  to  he 
called  the  River  de  la  Plata.  Near  the 
city  is  a  lake,  noted  tor  having  in  the  mid- 
dle of  it  a  rock,  which  flioots  up  to  a  pro- 
digious hei;^ht  like  an  obelilk.  Lat.  20  t^ 
Ion.  5  7  40  W. 

AJlch'ikoiirJ^i.,  a  va(l  like  in  New  Erii.-.in, 

abounding  \;\\X\  whales,  and  fuppofed  lo 

cominunicale  with  the  Northern  Sea. 

Afj!..:::,  a  pcft  town  in    Luzerne   co. 

Pennfvlvauia, 


'^A. 


Ml 


^'i! 


m 


ml 


i'f  13 


ATH 

Pwnfylrania,  350  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Atacama,  or  Attacama,  a  town,  harbour, 
province,  and  jurifdi<5lit)n  in  Peru  in  S.  A- 
luerica,  I40  leagues  from  1 -a  Plata  ;  fertile, 
and  remarkable  for  the  iiHi  calL-d  Tolo, 
\  Ith  which  it  carries  on  a  great  trade  with 
the  inland  provinces.  This  province  di- 
vides th€  kingdom  of  Piiru  from  that  of 
Chili,  There  is  a  great  delert  of  tlie  fame 
name,  and  a  chain  of  mountaine  ^yhich  fep- 
arate  Peru  on  the  N  from  the  province  of 
Quito.  On  thefe  mountains  the  coid  is  fo 
■violent,that  pafTengers  are  Ibinetimes  froz- 
«n  to  death.     Lat.  zz  S,  Ion  So  20  W. 

Atch'r  Koiintpi,  a  lake  in  Labrador,  which 
fends  itf  waters  foutherly  into  St.  Law- 
rence R.  through  a  connefled  chain  of 
imall  lakes. 

Athapiifcotv  Ixile^  a  large  piece  of  water 
in  N.America.  Its  fouthern  end  is  about 
lat.  60  .^o  N,  its  northweft  part  is  about 
lat.  64  N.  It  extends  from  Ion.  119  to 
531  W.  It  I'ei  fomewhat  in  the  form  of  a 
crefcent,  the  concave  part  being  to  the 
N.  The  Indians  fay  the  lake  is  \  20  leagues 
from  E  to  W,  and  ao  from  N  to  S.  It  has 
plenty  of  fifli,  and  niauv  iflands  covered 
with  pine,  birch  and  poplar  trees,  inhab- 
ited by  Indian  deer.  The  Athapufcow 
Indians  refide  in  this  vicinity,  in  the  moft 
forlorn  paganifm.  They  are  entirely  def- 
titute  of  that  benevolent  and  pure  moral- 
ity taught  in  th"  bible.  They  cohabit 
with  their  own  f...ers,  daughters  and  mo- 
thers. After  living  in  this  flate  with  their 
daughters  they  refign  them  up  to  their 
fons.  Hearne. 

Ath.:  '^itfcoit',  a  river  which  enters  the 
above  lake  from  the  S.  It  is  a  large  Ilream, 
3  miles  wide. 

Athens,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  ccVer? 
mont,  31  miles  N  E  from  Bennington,  and 
about  6  W  from  Connecticut  R.  having 
450  inhabitants.  Sextons  R.  which  rifes 
in  Londonderry,  pafTes  S  E  by  Athens  in- 
to the  townlhip  of  Welhninfter  toConn.R, 

Athfiis,  a  port  town  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pcnufylvania,  3,50  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Athens,  a  pod  town  in  Clark  co.  Georgia, 
664  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Aihol,  a  poft  town  in  Worcefler  co. 
Ma.lachufetts,  with  993  inhabitants,  35 
miles  N  W  from  Worceftcr,  and  80  from 
Bofton.  A  medicinal  fpring  famed  for  its 
many  v>rtues,  iffues  out  of  a  High  bank  on 
^lillcr's  River,  20  feet  above  the  furface 
of  I  lie  river. 

Atiii'fr.ti,  a  tov.rn{hip  in  Rockin-Oiam  co. 
K.  Unmpfliirc,  incorporated  in  1767,  474 
iiihabit,int«.  It  is  30  miles  from  Portf- 
moiuh,  and  has   an  academy  \vl'.!ch  wss 


AUG 

founded  in  1789, by  the  Hotj.  N.  Peabody^' 
who  endowed  it  with  1000  acres  of  land. 
In  this  townfliip  is  a  large  meadow  where-? 
in  is  an  iiiand  of  6  or  7  acres,  which  was 
formerly  loaded  with  valuable  pine  timber 
and  other  foreft  wood.  When  the  meadow 
is  overflowed,  i)y  means  of  an  artificial 
daiii,  this  ifland  rifes  with  the  water,  which 
is  fometimes  6  feet.  In  a  pond  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  illand,  there  have  been  filh, 
whicii.when  the  meadow  has  been  over- 
flowed Lave  appeared  there,  when  the 
water  ha;i  been  drawn  ofF,  and  the  ifland 
fettled  to  if  s  ufual  place.  The  pond  is  novr 
ahnod  covered  with  verdure.  In  it  a  pole 
50  feet  long  has  difappeared,  without 
finding  bottom 

Atoyaque,  a  deep  and  larg«'  river  in  Mex- 
ico, or  New  Spaia.  On  it  is  the  famoui 
natural  bridge,  called  Ponti  di  Dw,  100 
miles  S  E  of  Mexico,  pvey  which  carriagcv 
conveniently  pafs 

Atrato,  a  confiderable  river  which  run* 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  Carthagcna. 

Atfioii,  a  poft  town  in  Burlingtoaco.  N 
Jerfey,  1 75  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Aitldorouc-h,  a  poft  town  in  Briftol  ca. 
MaO'a.  36  miles  foutherly  of  Bofton,  and  9 
N  of  Providence,  containing  2480  fouls. 

Attvood's  Key,  a  fmall  ifland  furrounded, 
by  rocks,  12  miles  N  E  from  Crooked  I. 
and  50  eaftward  from  Yuma,  or  Long  I.  one 
of  the  Bahamas.     N  lat.  23  28,  W.  Ion.  73. 

Angiijla,  a  poft  and  iliire  town  in  Ken-, 
aebec  co.  Maine.  It  has  a  congregational 
meeting  ho^fe,  court  houfc  and  gaol,  and 
is  pleafontly  lituatcd  on  each  fide  the  Ken-: 
nebcc.  A  noble  bridge  connev?'  the  2  part* 
of  the  town.    It  is  the  head  of  navigation. 

Augi^a  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  divided  from 
Albemarle  and  Amherft  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  It  has  Rockingliam  on  the  N  E 
and  Rockbridge  on  the  S  W.  '1  he  foil  it. 
fertile.  It  has  9756  free  inhabitants,  and 
i946iJav^s.  It  is  a  hilly  CO.  The  inhab- 
itants cultivat£  wheat,  oats,  rye,  corn,  flax 
ajd  hemp.     Chief  town,  Staunton. 

Av^vfa,  a  poft  town,  lituatcd  on  a  fine 
plain  in  Richmond  co.  Georgia,  on  the  S 
W  bank  of  Savannah  R.  where  it  is  near 
500  yards  broad,  at  thp  bend  of  the  river, 
127  niileo  N  W  from  Savannah  by  land, 
540  by  water.  It  contains  1198  white 
people,  ^nd  1017  flaves.  It  is  596  miles 
from  Wafliington.  At  the  firft  fettlement 
of  the  colony.  Gen.  Oglethorpe  eredled  a 
fort  hero,  for  protvclir.^  the  Indian  trade, 
and  holding  treaties  with  the  natives.  In 
1739,  about  <>oo  people  feparated  thcm- 
felves  from  the  lUiiritime  fettlements,  and 
removed  to  its  neighbourhood  w    carry  on 

a  peltiy 


ill 


AUR 


A  XA 


3  peltry  trade  with  the  Indians.  The  conn- 
try  round  it  has  an  excellent  foil,  which, 
withit8centrairituation,bet-vveentheiipper 
and  lower  countries,  will  bring  it  fait  into 
importance.  It  contains  about  250  dwell- 
ings. The  public  buildings  are  a  church, 
ail  academy  and  governmeut  houfe,  a 
market  houCs,  gaol  and  court  houfe.  The 
ftreets  crofs  each  otiicr  at  right  an'/les. 
In  the  academy  are  generally  80  or  90 
Audcnts  ;  the  funds  amount  to  feveral 
thoufand  dollars.  A  bridge  acrofs  the 
Savanna  here  is  19  feet  wide,  7  or  800 
feet  long.  It  is  a  place  of  confiderable 
trade.     M  lat.  3;?  19,  W  Ion.  80  46. 

Au^iijlinei,  St.  a  port  and  river  on  the 
coaft  of  I^abrador,  near  the  ftraits  of  Bell- 
i(le  and  oppofite  St.  John's  Bay,Newfound- 
land.  Tliere  are  two  fmall  idands  in  the 
harbour,  and  about  1  miles  S  W  runs  a 
chain  of  little  iflands,  called  St.  Auvufline'i 
Chain  ;  the  outermoll  of  which  i»  a  re- 
markable fmooth  rock.  It  is  about  25 
miles  from  Great  Mecatlna  I.  N  lat.  jt 
10,  W  Ion.  58  50. 

Awriijiincs  Hquare,  St.  a  number  of  fmail 
Iflands  on  the  coaft  of  I^abrador,  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  the  largeft  of  which 
are  from  Shecatica  Bay  on  the  N  E  to  Out- 
er I,  S  W,  viz.  Large,  Sandy,  and  Outer 
iflands  Thefe  are  near  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

Augiiflins,  St.  the  capital  of  E  Florida,  is 
fituated  on  the  fca  coaft,  about  80  leagues 
from  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Florida,  1  So 
miles  E  from  St.  Mark's,  and  316  S  VV 
from  Charlefton  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  of  an 
oblong  figure,  and  interfedkcd  by  4  ftreets, 
wliich  cut  each  other  at  right  angles.  I'he 
town  is  fortified,  has  been  imder  difterent 
mafters,  and  now  belongs  to  Spain.  It  has 
a  church  and  mcmaftery  of  the  ordei-  of 
its  name.  The  breakers  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour  have  formed  two  channels, 
trhofe  bars  have  8  feet  water  each.  N  lat. 
30,  W  Ion.  81  io. 

Au^ujline,  Cape  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
•n  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  300  miles  N  E 
from  the  bay  of  All  Souls,  lat.  8  30  S,lon. 
3S  40,  W. 

Aiirean  Academy,  in  Amherft,  N.  Hamp- 
fliire. 

Aurel'tus,  a  poft  town  in  N.  York,  Cayu- 
ga CO.  on  Owafco  I4,  9  miles  E  of  the  ferry 
on  Cayuaga  L.  33 ii  inhabitants,  448  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Aurora,  an  idand  belonging  to  the  Ar- 
chipelago of  the  Great  Cyclades,  x  ?  8  S 
lat.  and  165  58  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  difcov- 
tf«d  by  Bouga.nville,  May  sad,  1768.    It 


||i<;  about    ^o  Icagiies  long  aad  a  broii^.' 
I  Its  caftcrn  lliore  is  ftet'p,  and  covered  with 
wood.     Lat.  44  54  N,  Ion.  168  24  E. 

Aiinrn-v'ilh,  a    poft  town  in  Wythe  co. 
Virginia,  3()6  miles  from  Wafliington. 

A-va'r.n,  a  peninl'ula  at  the  S  E  corner 
oftheifiand  of  Newfoundland,  which  if ; 
joined  to  the  illand  by  a  narrow  neck  of 
land,  tiiat  has  Pl.KCutia  2ay  on  the  S  and 
Trinity  Bay  on  the  N.  "I'lie  E  part  of 
this  pcninfula  is  encompafteJ  by  the 
Great  Bank,  and  has,  befide  the  two  for- 
mer bays,  the  bay  of  Conception  on  the 
N.  and  the  bay  of  St.  Mary's  and  Trepaf- 
fy  bay  on  the  S.  It  contains  feveral  ex- 
cellent harbours,  bays  and  capes,  among, 
which  are  St.  Mail's,  Pme,  Raci,  Bal- 
lard, St.  Franci.s,  fic. 

A-uaiicay,  a  jurifdiAion  fubjccT:  to  thtf 
bifliop  of  Gufco,  and  lies  4  leagues  N  C 
of  that  city.  It  abounds  in  fugar  cancsy 
fruits  and  corn. 

Aiieril,  a  townfliip  in  Eflcx  co.  Vcr* 
moT(t,  near  the  N  E  corner  of  the  State  ; 
its  N  corner  is  on  the  Canada  line. 

Ai'i-ry's  bnrn\  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  N.  Carolin.i,  on  the  E  bank  of  Cape 
Kear  river,  above  Fayetville,  329  mile* 
from  Wafliington. 

Ai'fs,  or  B'ir,Vs  Ijhiid,  in  the  '^eft  Indies, 
fituated  in  N  lat.  15  30,  W  Ion.  63  i.v 
named  fo  from  the  great  number  of  bird'* 
that  breed  there,  yet  is  without  a  tree, 
which  obliges  them  to  lay  their  eggs  in  the 
land.  A  flioal  runi  hence  to  the  iflandg 
of  Saba,  St.  Euftati"i,  and  St.  Chriftophers ; 
which  is  about  a  leagues  broad,  and  from 
10  to  ao  fathom  foundings.  It  has  a  gooj 
harbour  for  careening  vcirsls.  There  i» 
another  ifland  of  this  name,  anumg  thff 
Little  Antilles,  between  the  coaft  of  Su 
jago  de  Letm,  in  Terra  Firma,  and  tlir 
illand  ol"  Bonaive,  and  a  third  near  tlui 
eaftern  coaft  of  NeAvfoundland,  lat.  50  5  N. 

Ai'iufi  la  Pcnen,  a  town  in  the  Wfftcru 
part  of  the  kingdom  of  Leon,  in  N.  Ame- 
rica, between  two  of  the  head  branches  o£ 
NafHis  River. 

Arnni  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  wln'.ft 
empties  into  the  Atlanti:  Ocean  a  Mttlir 
caftward  of  Halifax.  It  is  navigable  at 
far  as  Fort  lidv.-.ird  for  veflels  of  40c  ton?, 
and  for  vefTels  of  60  tons  z  miles  h-^'htr. 
A  river  called  St.  Croix  runs  into  the  .A.- 
von,whofe  fcmrce  is  in  lakes  and  iprings, 
about  7  miles  fniin  itrt  entrance,  where  it 
is  crofTcd  by  a  bridge  on  the  road  lca<lin(r 
to  Wiiidfor  It  is  navigable  for  veiiVls  o*" 
60  tons  3  inile9,and  for  h'rge  boats  7  miles. 

Axos,  a  towu  io  the  iuterior  part  of 


i  Mljil 


m 


BAG 

Nfiw  Albion,  In  N  lat.  39  5,  W  Ion.  114 
20.     See  Q:iiV!ri:, 

ylv.'/mh,  an  Indian  tribe  In  Florifl.i. 

ylvcr/fiwi, or  AvrJl'Kvn, III  Burlington  co. 
N.  Jer'.'ey,  lies  ort  the  mii'.illc  branch  of  An- 
cocus  Creek,  13  miles  S  p;ifterlyl'roin Bur- 
lington, Hnd  5  S  of  Mt.  Holly. 

^v'v.-rni.-.r,  a  jiirifdiillion  ill  Peru;  fiib- 
je£l  to  the  billiop  of  Ciifco,  40  lea,<;iics  S 
\V  of  tliat  city.  It  abounds  in  l'iiy;ars, 
cattle,  corn,  and  mines  of  jjold  and  iilver  ; 
tvhich  laft  .ore  for  themoft  part  ne^leti^ed, 
at  it  is  but  thinly  inhabited. 

Azuca,  or  Azua,3i  little  town  in  the  ill- 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  on  tlie  ionthern  lide, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  bay. 


B. 


B 


*AAL's  River,  and  B.'y,  in  Weft  Green- 
land, lieljetween  Bear  Sotmd  on  the  S  E, 
and  Delft's  Point  on  the  N  W,  and  oppo- 
fite  tlic  mouth  of  Hndfon's  Strait. 

Bnlia/'nyOf-A  village  and  ciiftom  houi'e  on 
G'.iayquil  River,  in  Peru,  being  the  I;>nd- 
£ng  place  from  the  city  of  Guayiujiiill. 
Here  the  merchandil'e  from  Peru  and 
Terra  Firma,  and  their  refneiSbive  prov- 
inces, are  landed. 

BuLnpns,  a  town  in  the  interior  parts  of 
New  Albion,  caftward  of  the  long  range 
of  moimtains  which  extend  northward 
from  the  liead  of  the  poninfulaof  Califor- 
ni.-u    N  lat  37  45,  \V  ion.  114  25. 

B.nk  Rivrr.     See  Baltimore  Counts'. 

Btieza,  the  chief  town  of  the  diftri(5l  of 
Qiiixos,  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in  Peru, 
and  the  refidcnce  of  the  governor.  It  was 
built  in  1559  by  Don  Rameiro  d'Avilos. 
The  chief  manufa<£l:ure  here  is  cotton 
cloth. 

Bjffi''''fBi7y,K  the  largeft  and  nioft  north- 
ern gulf,  or  bay,  that  has  yet  been  difcov- 
cred  in  N  yXmcrica  ;  and  lies  between  the 
70th  and  80th  degrees  of  N  lat.  It  opens 
into  the  Atlantic  ocean  through  Ballin's 
and  Davis's  flraits,  between  Cape  Chldlev 
on  the  Labrador  coaft.and  Cape  Farewell 
on  that  of  Weil  Greenland;  both  of  which 
are  in  about  the  60th  degree  of  N  lat.  It 
abounds  with  whales;  and  on  the  S  W 
lide  of  Davis's  ftraits  h.as  a  communication 
with  Hudi'on's  Bav,  througii  a  clufter  of 
illands.  It  was  difcovered  by  the  naviga- 
tor whofe  name  it  bears,  in  the  year  i66i. 
Some  maps  fbew  a  conimnnication  with 
Hudfon's  Bay,  in  the  70th  degree  of  N 
lat.  and  in  the  70th  of  W"  Ion. 

Bi7tr.it/uce  Point,  a  head  land  within  Pc- 
■obicnt  Bay,  in  Maine. 


BAH 

B.7/j.j.-!ij  Clanticl.  Sec  Gu!/  if  Florida  an<J 
Bahr.m.i  IJliin'.u 

B.iinnui  TJl in'is,  in  the  W.  Indies,  called 
by  the  Spaniards  I.ucayos,  comprehend 
under  this  denomination  all  the  i!lands,iii 
general,  which  -'.re  to  the  N  of  Cuba  and 
St.  Domingo.  The  firft  diicovery  of  the 
New  World,  by  Columbus,  began  Oiitober 
ji  II,  T492,  Ht  Guan;!!iani,  or  Cats  Jlland,  one 
of  the  Baiiamas.  'I'hey  were  then  full  of 
people  ;  who  were  fimplc,  mild,  and  lived 
happy  in  the  midft  of  plenty,  'ihefe  un- 
fortunate i)e()pK'  weic  ttanfported  to  the 
mines  of  St.  Domingo,  after  the  cruei 
Spaniards  had  exterminated  the  numerous 
inhabitants  of  that  large  ifland  ;  14  years 
after  the  diicovery  of  thefe  iflands,  not 
one  perfon  remained  in  any  of  the  Baha- 
mas At  this  time  Charles  II.  grn;i?ed  the 
Bahamas  to  the  proprietors  of  Carolina. 
They  fent  feveral  governors,  and  built 
the  town  of  NatTau,  which  is  now  the  feat 
of  government  in  the  I.  of  Providence. 
The  ifland  of  Providence  afterwards  be- 
came an  harbour  for  pirates,  v.ho,  for  a 
long  time,  infcfted  the  American  naviga- 
tion.' In  T718,  Ci'.pt.  Woods  Rogers  wns 
fent  to  dillodgc  the  pirates,  and  form  a 
lettlement  This  the  captain  efFedlred  ; 
and  the  iflands  have  been  improving  fince 
by  a  flow  progrefs.  In  time  of  war,  the 
people  gain  confidemhly  by  the  prize* 
condemned  tlierc  ;  .and  in  the  courfe  t)f 
the  lata  war  between  G.  Brit.ain  and 
France,  numbers  of  American  veflels,  car- 
rying provifions  and  ftores  to  French  ports, 
were  carried  here  and  condemned  ;  and  at 
all  times  tliev  profit  by  the  wrecks  which 
are  frequent  in  this  labyrinth  of  rocks  and 
flioals.  The  Spaniards  and  Ameri^ntf 
captured  thefe  illands  during  the  Ameri- 
can war  ;  but  they  Avere  retaken  April  7, 
1783.  The  Bahamas  are  faid  to  be  500 
in  number;  fome  of  them  only  rocks, 
others  verv  low  and  narrow,  or  little  fpot» 
of  land  on  a  level  with  the  wat<'r's  edge  ; 
but  I '.  of  them  are  large  and  fertile,  fom.e 
indeed  rockv  and  barren  Five  of  them 
only  are  iniiabiled,  viz  ProviJi'na;  Har- 
bour, Elcutieii'.  Ca!,  and  Txuma  ;  Turk'.t 
iflands  have  about  .?oo  men  in  the  f.Jt 
feaibn,  but  at  other  times  half  of  them  re- 
turn to  Bermuda.  The  principal  ifland 
which  has  given  its  name  to  the  whole 
clufter  is  C,ycat  Bahamn,  in  the  Kortlern 
Bank,  called  the  JJtlh  Bank  if  Bahama, 
whofc  lituation  is  E  and  W  about  20 
leagues  from  the  coaft  of  Florida.  At  a 
little  diftancc  to  tiie  E  is  I.ucannrque,  of 
nearly  the  lame  fizo,  whof«  fituation  is  N 

and 


BAH 


BAK 


and  S.  To  the  N  of  both  is  Lucayo,  which 
lies  E  and  W.  A  channel  of  8  or  lo 
leagues  feparates  the  Little  Bank,  from 
the  Great  Bank,  in  which  is  Providence  J. 
with  the  great  iflatid  of  Alaiajler,  which 
has  Harbor  I.  on  the  N  Cape.  Andios  ifl- 
ands  are  on  the  S  W  of  Providence,  which 
take  up  a  fpace  of  30  leagues  long,  and  5 
broad.  Towards  the  S  E  are  Stocking, 
Exuma,  and  Tuma,  or  Long  Ifland.  Gmi- 
nabani.  Or  Cats  I  the  firft  difcovered  in 
America,  lies  E  of  the  Great  Bank,  and  is 
feparatcd  from  it  by  Etuma  Sound.  The 
climate  of  the.^e  ilTands  is  temperate  and 
the  air  healthy.  On  the  coafts  is  found 
ambergrifc  ;  and  the  inliabitants  catch 
great  qukntities  of  green  tui  tie, 
ly  article  cultivated  for  ex^^ 
cotton;  of  which  the  mediu^i 
X500  bags  of  1  cwt.  each.  In '%! 
were  4joo  acres  in  cotton 
1786,  and  1787,  which  were  favw 

?'ears,  each  acre  produced  about  11 
t  is  very  liable  to  be  deftroyed  by  the 
worms  ;  between  September  and  March, 
1788,  no  lefs  than  a8o  tons  were  deftroy- 
ed. Thefe  iflands  aUb  produce  a  great 
quantity  of  dying  woods,  and  fomc  lig- 
numvitse  and  mahogany ;  and  lie  between 
«»  and  47,  N  lat.  and  73  and  81,  W  Ion. 
In  1773,  there  were  2054  white,  and 
2241  black,  inhabitants ;  but  of  late  years 
there  has  been  a  confiderable  emigration 
from  North  America,  fo  that  the  precife 
number  cannot  be  given. 

Bahama,  the  chief  of  the  Bahama  ifl- 
ands, is  about  20  leagues  from  the  coaft  of 
Florida,  and  about  10  W  from  the  ifland 
of  Lucayo.  It  is  about  28  leagues  long 
and  3  broad,  is  very  fruitful,  has  a  ferene 
air,  and  is  watered  with  multitudes  of 
fprings  and  brooks.  It  formerly  produc- 
ed great  quantities  of  faflafras,  farfaparil- 
la  and  redwood,  which  were  all  deftroyed 
by  the  Spaniards.  Its  chief  ^roduce,  now, 
is  cotton,  Indian  wheat,  fowls,  and  a  par- 
ticular kind  of  tabbits  ;  they  have  fup- 
plies  of  other  provifions  from  the  conti- 
nent. Their  chief  commerce  confifts  in 
fumifhing  with  provifions,  fuch  {hips  as 
are  driven  in  here  by  bad  weather.  It  is 
fituated  on  the  fand  bank,  called  Little 
Bahama  Bank,  which  extends  northward 
60  miles.  The  Strait  of  Bahama,  or  Gulf 
«f  Florida,  lies  between  the  coaft  of  Florida 
and  this  ifland.  The  Spaniflv  fliips  from 
the  Havannah  homeward,  arc  obliged  to 
wait  an  opportunity  to  gafs  this  ftrait ;  and 
the  ftrait  is  16  leagues  broad,  and  45  long. 

Biihia,  or  Bay,  fometimes  applied  to  St. 
Salvador*,  the  capital  of  Brazil,  and  to 
Yot.  I.  D 


the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  in  which  captain- 
(hip  it  IS  fituated. 

Bahia  IJondu,  a.hay  on  the  northern  fu\a 
of  theG.ofCuba.  The  bay  has  10  to  15  fath- 
oms of  watcr.the  entrance  into  the  harbour 
and  an  anchorage  in  4  and  5  fathoms.  The 
entrance  lies  in  Nlat.  23  26,  W  Ion.  83  25. 

Bahia  de  Cbeiumd,  called  by  the  Eritifli 
Hanover  Hay,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan  in  the  fea  of  Hon- 
duras, and  into  which  falls  Honde  R.  It 
has  the  Logwood  Country  on  the  S.  At 
its  mouth  are  two  large  illands  and  a  num- 
ber of  ifloti.  The  largeft  ifland  is  Ani- 
bergrife  Key,  which  runs  along  the  mouth 
of  the  bay,  and  is  70  miles  long. 

Bairdjloivii, or  Bcardjio-^vn,  a  poft  town  i.i 
Nelfon  CO.  Kentucky,  is  a  flcuriniing  place 
of  579  inhabit;'.nts,  fituated  on  the  hc:ul 
waters  of  Salt  river,  50  miles  S  E  from 
Louifville,  619  from  Wafliingtt'n. 

Bakers  Fulls  in  Hudl'on  river,  r.t  the 
bend,  i  mile  above  Fort  Edward,  deferve 
the  notice  of  travellers. 

Bakersjield,  a  town  in  Franklin  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  has  22Z  inhabitants,  jo  miles 
N  E  of  Burhngton. 

Baker's  JJland,  is  about  three  eights  of  a 
mile  long,  lying  to  the  S  \V  of  Cape  Ann, 
off'Salem  harbour,  Maflachui'etts  ;  on  the 
N  end  of  which  a  light  houfe  was  crecfled 
in  1797,  with  two  lights  about  40  feet 
from  each  other,  ranging  N  W  \  W,  and 
S  Ei  E,  the  S  light  95  feet  from  the  wa- 
ter, the  N  light  78  feet.  Veflcls  inwaul 
bound  and  falling  in  v.ith  Cape  Ann, may 
obferve  tlie  following  diredlions,  w's. 
When  abreaft  of  Cape  Ann  Lights,  bear- 
ing N  N  W  about  a  miles  diftance,  fteor 
W  S  W  about  3  leagues,  which  brings 
them  up  with  the  Eaftern  point  of  Cape 
Ann,  then  fteer  W  by  S  7^  miles,  which 
brings  them  up  with  the  Lights  on  Baker's 
Ifland.  Ships  bound  to  Salem  and  falling 
to  the  fouthward  in  Bofton  bay,  and 
running  for  the  Lights,  when  making  the 
Lights,  they  muft  keep  the  North,  and 
loweft  Light,  open  to  the  eaftward  of  the 
finithcrn  Light,  and  run  for  them,  which 
will  carry  them  to  th«  eaftward  and  clear 
of  the  South  Breaker  of  Baker's  Ifland, 
which  bears  from  the  IJghts,  S  E  by  S,  1 
mile  and  a  half  diftance.  Vcflels  bound 
to  Salem,  having  made  the  Lights  with  a 
wefterly  wind,  in  beating  up,  muft  not 
ftand  to  the  fouthward  and  weftward, 
further  than  to  fliut  one  Light  in  with 
the  other,  on  account  of  the  South  Break- 
er, nor  to  the  northward  further  than  to 
bring  the  Lij'.hts  to  bear  W  by  S  \  S,  on 
acc^junt  of   Gale's  Ledge,  which   bt.us 


i 
[11 


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from  the  Lights,  N  E  |  E,  i  mile  and  three 
quarters  cUftance.  In  going  into  Salem 
and  being  up  with  the  Lights,  give  Ba- 
kcr'«  Ifland  a  birth  of  one  quarter  mile  or 
Icfs,  then  ftecr  VV  by  N  and  you  will  pafs 
the  Mifcry  Ifland,  leaving  it  on  your  ftar- 
faonrd  hand,  which  bears  from  the  Lights, 
N  W-J  N  diftance  4-5  of  a  mile,  continue 
your  courfe  \V  by  N  1  milcj^nd  a  half, 
then  you  have  pafied  JBowditch's  Ledge, 
leaving  it  on  your  hrboard  hand,  where 
any  urangcr  may  anchor  in  fafety,  in 
about  s  fathom  water,  good  anchoring 
ground.  But,  if  you  choofe  to  proceed 
into  Salem  Harbour,  tJ.en  Ilcer  W  until 
abrcad  of  the  Hafte,  which  you  will  leave 
on  your  larboard  hand,  about  a  half  a  mile 
diftance,  then  fleer  S  W  by  W,  which  will 
<arry  you  into  Salem  Harbour.  N.  B.  Ead- 
*rn  Point  bears  from  Baker's  lihind  Lights, 
E  by  N  4  N,  y^  milea  dilbince.  Half 
Way  Rock  bears  from  the  Lights,  S  one 
quarter  E,  3^  miles  diftance:  Harding's 
Rocks,  bear  from  the  Lights  W,  ^  N,  dif- 
tance  half  a  mile. 

Balclutha,  a  fettlement  in  the  eaftem- 
moft  part  of  Kentucky,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Big  Sandy  River.  Near  tliis  is  Clay  Lick, 
and  about  a  mile  S  £  Hands  Vancouver's 
Fort,  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
fork  of  the  Big  Sand  j. 

Bald  Ea^h,  or  Warrior  MFoimiairu,  lie 
about  200  miJes  W  of  Philadelphia,  in 
Bedford  ca  Pen'ofylvania,  and  forms  the 
weftern  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 
Bald  Eagle  is  likewife  the  name  of  a  river 
which  runs  a  N  £  courfe  44  miles,  and 
falls  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquehannah 
River.  The  head  water  of  Huron  River 
wliich  falls  into  Lake  Erie,  is  called  Bald 
Eagle  Creek. 

Bald  Eagle  P^alley,  or,  as  it  is  commonly 
called,  Sinllng  Spring  Valley,  lies  upon  the 
frontiers  of  Bedford  co  in  Pennfylvania, 
about  400  miles  N  N  W  from  Philadel- 
phia. It  has  on  the  E  a  chain  of  high, 
rugged  mountains,  called  the  Canoe  Ridge, 
and  on  the  W,  the  Bald  Eagle,  or  Warrior 
Mountains.  This  is  a  pleafant  vale,  of 
limedone  bottom,  5  miles  in  extent  where 
wideft  ;  and  in  the  vicinity  are  great 
quantities  of  lead  or&  It  contained,  in 
1779,  about  60  or  70  families,  living  in 
log  houfes,  who  formed,  in  the  fpace  of 
7  or  8  years,  feveral  valuable  plantations 
fome  of  which  are  remarkably  agreeable 
on  account  of  their  iituation.  In  the  Au- 
tumn of  1799,  the  yellow  fever  proven 
mortal  to  a  number  of  the  inhabitants 
During  the  late  war  with  Great  Britain, 
Uad  was  much  wanted,  and  very  difficult 


to  he  procured,  which  induced  a  ccta* 
pany  under  the  promifes  of  the  State,  to 
fettle  here,  and  eftablirti  a  regular  fet  of 
works.  A  fort  of  logs  was  ereitcd  for 
the  protstflion  of  the  miners ;  and  a  con* 
fiderable  quantity  of  ore  was  produced, 
from  which  lead  enough  was  made,  to 
give  a  competent  idea  of  the  real  value  of 
the  mines  in  general.  The  danger  of  the 
fituation,  however,  while  an  Indi.m  war 
continued,  occafioned  the  failure  of  the 
undertaking.  The  lead  ore  was  of  many 
kinds;  fome  in  broad  flakes,  and  others 
of  the  fteely  texture!  Several  regular 
fliafts  were  funk  to  a  confiderablc  depth  ; 
one  of  which  was  on  the  hill,  upon  which 
the  fort  ^ya»  ere(Sled,  and  from  wliich  ma- 
ny Ja^g' 'malTes  of  ore  were  procured  ; 
but^j^'^l&ning  a  reg-Jar  vein,  it  was 
difdojAmwa,  and  another  opened  about  a 
mifc -ifprni  thi»  f?::,  nearer  to  Frank's 
Ti^tftii  H. re  the  miners  continued  until 
thlji'.  fin-  ily  relinquifhed  the  bufmefs. 
V*  nen  they  firft  began,  they  found  in  the 
upper  furface  or  vegetable  earth,  feveral 
hundred  weight  of  cubic  lead  ore,  clean 
and  unmixed  with  any  fubftance  whatev- 
er, which  continued  as  a  clue,  leading 
them  down  through  the  diiTerent  ftrata  of 
earth,  marl,  &c.  until  they  came  to  the 
rock,  which  is  here  in  general  of  the  lime- 
ftone  kind.  Among  other  curioiities  of 
tlu's  place,  isthat  called  tbi  Stvallows,wh,\ch 
abforb  feveral  of  the  lai-geft  dreams  of  the 
valley,  and  after  conveying  them  feveral 
miles  under  ground,  ia  a  fubterraneous 
courfe,  return  them  again  upon  the  fur  > 
face.  Thefe  fubterraneous  pafTages  liave 
given  rife  to  the  name,  Siniing  Spring  Val- 
ley. Of  thcfe  the  moft  remarkable  is  callv 
ed  the  Arch  Springs,  and  ran  dofe  upon  the 
road  from  the  town  to  the  fort.  It  is  a 
deep  hoUow,  formed  in  the  limeftone 
rock,  about  30  feet  wide,  with  a  rude  nat- 
ural ftone  arch  hanging  over  it,  forming  a 
paflage  for  the  w  ater,  which  it  throws  out 
with  fome  degree  of  violence,  and  in  fuch 
plenty  as  to  form  a  fine  ftream,  which  at 
length  buries  itfelf  again  in  the  bowels  of 
the  earth.  Some  of  thefe  pits  are  near 
300  feet  deep;  the  water  at  the  bottom 
feems  in  rapid  motion  ;  and  is  apparently 
18  black  as  ink ;  though  it  is  as  pure  .as 
the  fmeft  fprings  can  produce.  Many  of 
t'.iefe  pits  ;u:e  placed  along  the  courfe  of 
this  fubterraneous  river,  which  foon  after 
fakes  an  opportunity  of  an  opening  at  a 
declivity  of  the  ground,  and  keeps  along 
fhe  furface  among  the  rocky  hills  for  a 
e  V  rods,  then  enters  the  mouth  of  a  large 
cave,  whofe  exterior  aperture  would  be 

fufEcient 


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fudiclcnt  to  admit  a  fliallop  with  her  fa\ls 
full  fpread.  In  the  infide  it  keeps  from 
i8  to  ao  feet  wide.  The  roof  declines 
as  you  advance,  and  a  ledge  of  loofe,  rug- 
ged rocksi  keeps  in  tolerable  order,  on  one 
fide,  affording  means  to  fcramble  along. 
In  the  midft  of  this  cave  is  much  timber 
bodies  of  trees,  branches,  &c.  which  be- 
ing lodged  up  to  the  roof  of  this  palTage, 
/hews  that  the  water  is  fwellcd  up  to  the 
very  top  duriag  frcfliets.  This  opening 
in  the  hill  continues  about  400  yards, 
when  the  cave  widens,  after  you  have  got 
round  a  fudden  turning  (which  prevents 
its  being  difcovcred  till  you  are  within  it) 
into  a  fpacious.  room,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  a  vortex,  the  water  that  falls  in- 
to it  whirling  round  with  amazing  force; 
flicks,  or  even  pieces  of  timber,  are  imme- 
diately abforbed,  and  carried  out  of  fight, 
the  water  boiling  up  with  exceHive  vio- 
lence, which  fubfides  by  degrees,  until  the 
experiment  is  renewed.  From  the  top  of 
the  Bald.  Eagle  Mountains  is  a  fine  prof- 
pedk  of  the  Alleghany.ftrotching  ;dong un- 
til they-  feem  to  meet  the  clouds.  Much 
flate  is  found  here,  with  ftrong  figns  of  pit 
coal.  Such  as  viiit  thefe  parts  muft  crofs 
thejuniatta  river  3  or  4  tiines,  from  Stand- 
ing Stone  or  Huntington,  to  the  fort ; 
from  which  it  is  computed  to.be  about  2;i 
miles  difiance. 

Bald  Mountahu.     See  'Tenejfee, 

Bald  Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear 
River,  N.  Carolina,  is  at  the  S  W  end  of 
Smith's  I.  and  with  Oak  I.  forms  the  main 
entrance  into  the  river.  The  light  houfe, 
which  was  eredted  here  in  Dec.  1794, 
bears  4  miles  N  N  W  from  the  point  of 
Cape  Fear,  and  24  miles  N  W  by  N,  from 
the  extremity  of  the  Frying  Pan  (hoals. 

Bald  Head  makes  the  S  W  part  of  what 
is  called  Wells  Bay,  in  the  DiftriA  of 
Maine.  Between  Cape  Neddick  harbour 
on  the  S  S  W,  and  Wells  Bay  are  feveral 
coves,  where  fmall  veflels  in  a  fmooth 
time,  apd  with  a  wefterly  wind,  haul 
afhore,  an4  arc  loaded  with  wood  in  the 
courfe  of  a  tide,  with  eafe  and  fafety. 

Baldivia,  Or  fa/dhia,  a  feaport  town  in 
tlie  province  of  Chili  Proper,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Chili,  S.  Americ:^.  It  was  built  by 
tlie  Spanifli  General  Baldivia,  about  the 
year  1551,  and  (lands  between  the  rivers 
Callacalles  and  Portero,  where  they  fall 
into  the  S.  Sea.'  In  the  year  1559,  the 
Chilefe  chafed  the  Spaniards  from  this 
fcttlement,  burned  the  town,  and. put  the 
inhabitants  to  the  fvvord ;  pouring  melted 
gold  down  the  governor 'a  throat  when 


alive,  and  afterwards  ufed  his  (kull  for  a 
cup  to  drink  in.  There  are  many  gold 
mines  here,  and  the  Spaniards  have  foxtif 
Red  the  place  ftrongly,  as  it  is  fuppofcd  to 
be  the  key  of  the  S.  i>eas.  The  v,  hitcs  of 
Peru  and  Chili,  banished  for  their  crime*, 
are  fent  hither  to  fupport  the  fortifica- 
tions. The  Dutch  made  themfclves  maf- 
ters  of  it  in  1643  ;  but  were  forced  to  a- 
bandon  it,  leaving  all  their  cannon,  30  or 
40  pieces,  b.iggage  and  Aorcs ;  on  advice 
that  fuccours  were  arriving  to  oppofe 
them  from  Peru.  The  viceroy  fend» 
30,000  crowns  a  year,  to  fupport  the  gar- 
rifon.  There  are  great  rains  here  during 
3  months  of  the  year.  Slat.  3a  38,  W 
ion.  73  lo.  Baldivia  is  alfo  the  name  of 
a  river  in  Chili. 

Bidizt,  Old  and  Neiv,  10.5  miles  below 
New  Orleans,  were  formerly  inconfidera- 
blc  pofls,  at  the  mouths  of  the  Miflifippi, 
with  3  or  4  cannon  in  each,  and  garriion- 
ed  by  a  fubaltern's  command.  They  ap- 
pear to  have  been  eftabliflied  for  the  pur- 
pofes  of  aflifting  veflels,  coming  into  the 
river,  and  forwarding  intt^.igence  to  New 
Orleans.  They  are  fo  fituated  as  not  to 
defend  the  entrance  into  the  river,  not  be- 
ing fufficiently  near  its  deeped  channel. 
With  a  fair  wind  the  voyage  from  the 
Balize  to  New  Orleans  105  miles,  is  per- 
formed in  3  or  4  days,  commonly  in,?  or 
8  days.  Eutehint. 

Ballfze,  Baltlze,  or  Wallh,  z.  river  in  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  New  Spain,  which 
runs  northeaderly  above  200  miles,  and 
empties  into  the  bay  of  Honduras,  oppo- 
fite  the  N.end  of  TumefT^  Itfend.  Bv  the 
treaty  of  peace  iii  1783,  it  is  agreed  that 
Britiih  fubjedls  fhall  have  theright  of  cut- 
ting and  carrj'ing  away  logwood  in  the 
diftrift  lying  between  this  river  and  t^it 
of  Rio  Honde,onthe  N,  which  fall?  .  .0 
Hanover  Bay*  The  courfe  of  the  river* . 
are  to  be  the  unalterable  boundaries. 

Balltown,  a  port  town   in  Saratoga  c6. 
N.  York,  and  has  2099  inhabitants.    It  lie» 
27  miles  N  N  W  of  Albany,  has  a  Prelby- 
terian  meeting  houfe,  and  is  in  a  thriving 
ftate  ;  428  miles  from  Wafliington.    The 
medicinal  waters  called  Ballto-wn  Springs, 
from  their  being  found  within  the  limits ^ 
of  tliis  town,  are  of  great  celebrity,  both 
on  account   of  their  healing  virtue,  and 
the  fuperior  accommodations  found  near 
them  for  valetudinarians.    They  are  fitu-  • 
ated  about  12  miles  W  of  Still  W.iter  ;  14 
from  that  part  of  the  banks  of  the  Hud- 
fon  famous  for  the  vidory  of  Gen.  Gates  - 
over  Cen.Burgoyne ;  30  N  of  Albany ;  30 

So£ 


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■iili  ill 


S  of  Lake  George,  and  190  above  the  citjr 
of  N.  York.  T-ie  fprings  are  found  in 
the  bottom  of  a  valloy,  or  excavation, 
forming  a  kind  of  bafon  of  about  50  acres 
in  extent.  The  woods  are  pretty  well 
cleared  near  the  fprings.  There  are  feve- 
ral  large  houles  for  entertainment,  with 
neat  bathing  houfes,  and  fliower  baths  for 
the  convenience  of  invalids.  The  largeft 
fpring  belongs  to  the  public.  Sir  William 
Johnlon  made  this  obfervation,  when  he 
fold  this  tra<rt  of  land  to  private. individu- 
als :  "  In  tracing  the  hiftoryof  thefe  medi- 
cinal fprings,  I  could  only  learn  that  an 
Indian  chief  difcovered  them  to  a  fick 
French  officer  in  the  enrly  part  of  their 
wars  with  the  Engltiii.  But  whether  they 
were  thefe  very  fprings  in  this  bafon,  or 
thofe  at  10  miles  diftance,  properly  called 
the  Saratoga  Springs,  I  know  not "  The 
foil  for  half  a  dozen  miles  in  fome  di- 
redkions  round  this  place,  is  poor  and 
fandy,  producing  little  elfc  than  pine  trees, 
flirub  oaks,  fern,  and  muUen.  In  the  hills 
in  the  vicinity,  ores  have  been  found,  ef- 
pecially  irgo  and  copper,  or  rather  what 
the  mineralogifts  call  Jirruginous  and  capre- 
vut  pyrites.  The  valley  of  BaUtown  and 
its  environs  may  be  made  an  enchanting 
fpot,  equal,  nay,  fuperior  in  fome  rcfpe<Ss 
to  any  of  the  wateri  ig  places  in  Kurope. 
The  Kayaderaflbras  liver,  which  is  about 
to  yards  wide,  gives  feveral  hints  to  the 
man  of  taftc,  to  turn  its  waters  to  the  ufe 
and  beauty  of  tUe  future  town,which  thefe 
medicinal  fprings  will  one  day  raife  in  this 
place.  I'he  medicinal  waters  which  have 
made  this  fpot  fo  famous  of  late,  are  re- 
markably limpid,  confidering  they  con- 
t;un  iron,  a  mineral  alkali,  common  fall,  and 
lime.  They  are  briik  and  fparkling  like 
champaigne.  In  drinking  they  afFecl  the 
nofe  and  palate  like  bottled  cider,  and 
flightly  affeiSl  the  head  of  fome  people, 
by  their  inebriating  quality.  They  de- 
rive this  exhilirating  quality  from  what 
Dr.  Prieftly  cs\lifxed  air,  and  is  that  an- 
imating fomething  which  gives  a<SUvity 
to  yeaft,  and  life  to  malt  liquors.  It  is> 
ufed  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  fprings, 
inftead  of  yeaft  in  rr.aking  bread  ;  and 
makes  it  rife  more  fpeedily  and  eftedtual- 
ly  th.m  any  oiher  ferment  in  ordinary  ufe. 
Horfes  drink  thefe  waters  with  avidity. 
The  ignorant  country  people  fee,  with  af- 
tonifhmcnt,  that  a  candle  will  not  burn 
near  the  furface  of  thefe  waters.  Fifli  and 
frog^  are  killed  in  a  few  minutes,  and 
j<eefeand  ducks  can  only  fwim  in  them  a 
few  minutes  before  they  expire.    Thcl'e 


waters  arc  apt  to  burft  bottles,  when  cork* 
ed  in  very  warm  weather,  efpecially  dur- 
ing a  thunder  ftorm  ;  but  with  care  may 
be  tranfported  in  bottles  to  any  diftance. 
They  boil  with  a  very  moderate  degree 
of  heat  ;  they  are  neverthelels,  remarka- 
bly cold  ;  for  when  the  mercury  in  Fah- 
renheit's thermometer  Aood  at  86  in  the 
open  air,  and  79  in  the  brook  running 
near  the  fpring,  it  rtood  in  one  of  thefe 
mineral  fprings  at  49,  and  in  the  other  at 
51.  The  firft  was  conflantly  fccludcd 
from  the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  the  lafl  always 
expofed  without  a  covering.  Phyfician* 
feldom  direift  their  patients  to  drink  more 
than  three  quarts  of  thefe  waters  in  i* 
hours  ;  but  fome  drink  the  enormous 
quantity  of  3  gallons,  and  even  more,  in  a 
day.  Cold  as  they  are  they  may  be  drunk- 
en with  fafety  in  the  hotteft  weather- 
They  increafc  every  natural  evacuation ; 
nay,  they  are  cathartic,  diuretic  and  fu- 
dorific,  at  the  fame  time.  On  the  firft  tri- 
al they  are  apt  to  difagree  with  many  peo- 
ple, they  create  unealinefs  in  the  ftomach 
and  bowels,  and  caufc  a  heat  in  the  glands 
of  the  throat,  until  they  begin  to  pafs  off 
freely  by  the  kidneys.  They  then  become 
pleafant  and  operate  agreeably.  They 
blacken  the  teeth  and  alfo  the  alvinc  fx- 
c{;s.  They  are  deemed  a  fpecific  in  lof« 
of  appetite  and  indigeftion.  They  are 
highly  ferviceable  in  hypochondriac  and 
billious  cafes,  in  obftru«^ions,  and  in  the 
ftone  and  g^ravel,  and  cutaneous  diforders. 
Their  credit  is  not  fo  well  eftabliflied  in 
the  gout  or  rheumatifm.  They  are  hurt- 
ful in  inflammatory  diforders  and  con- 
fumptions.  Their  ufe  occafions  heat  in 
the  glands  of  the  throat,  and  (lifFnefs  of 
the  neck,  and  in  fuch  as  are  fubjedt  to  the 
toothache,  an  aggravation  of  the  pain. 
They  are  &  powerful  and  precious  remedy 
in  the  hands  of  the  judicious,  but  ought 
never  to  be  ufed  without  the  advice  of  a 
fkilful  phyfician. 

Balljlo-wn,  a  town  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
containing  1859  inhabitants  ;  195  miles  N 
Efrom  Bofton,  12  N  of  WifcafTett. 

Balttmure  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies  between 
Patapfco  and  Gunpowder  rivers,theformer 
dividing  it  from  Ann  Arundel  co.  on  the  S 
and  S  W,  Gunpowder  and  Little  Gunpow- 
der feparating  it  from  Harford  co.  on  the 
K  and  N  E.  It  has  Frederick  ro.  on  the 
W  and  N  W,  Pennf\lvania  on  the  N,  and 
Chefapeak  Bay  on  tl!,e  S  E.  Beiides  the 
rivers  which  bound  it,  and  their  branches, 
this  county  has  Back  and  Middle  river*, 
between  the  two  former,  but  they  are 

rather' 


BAL 


BAR. 


,  wlien  corfc^ 

Decially  dui  - 

th  care  may 

my  diftaiice. 

urate  degree 

Is,  rcmarka- 

:ury  in  Fah- 

it  86  in  the 

)ok  running 

me  of  thcfe 

the  other  at 

ly  fccluded 

;  la  ft  always 

Phyfician* 

'  drink  more 

'aters  in  i* 

'■   enormous 

n  more,  in  a 

y  be  drunk- 

ft  weather. 

evacuation  ; 

tic  and  fu- 

the  firft  tri- 

i  many  peo- 

;he  ftomach 

a  the  gland* 

I  to  pafs  off 

iien  become- 

ily.      They 

I  alvine  frc- 

cific  in  lof* 

They  are 

ndriac  and 

and  in  the 

Isdiforders. 

ibliflicd  in 

are  hurt- 

and  ton- 

is  heat  in 

liffnefs  of 

)je(ft  to  the 

the  pain. 

18  remedy 

|but  ought 

Ivice  of  a 

po.  Maine, 
\s  miles  N 
|tt. 

between 

lefcrmcr 
\.  on  the  S 

Junpow- 
bo.  on  tire 
|o.  on  the 
le  N, and 
fides  the 

^ranches, 
river*, 
Ihey  are 
vather' 


rather  arm*  of  Chefapeak  bay,  than  rlv- 
trs.  Back  R.  4  or  5  miles  E  of  P.Uaplco, 
receives  two  final!  (Ircams  ;  the  N  wcft- 
ernmoft  is  called  Herring  Run.  Middle 
R.  has  little  or  110  fupply  of  fredi  water. 
There  are  numerous  iron  works  in  this 
county  ;  and  it  contains  59,030  inhabit- 
an>s,  including  9673  (laves.  Its  cliief  town 
is  Baltimore. 

Baltimore,  a  poft  town  in  the  above  coun- 
ty, and  the  largeft  in  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land. It  is  larger  than  Bofton.  It 
is  lituated  on  the  N  fide  of  Patapfco  R.  at 
a  fmall  diftance  from  its  juniSlion  with  the 
Chefapeak.  The  entrance  of  the  harbour 
is  defended  by  Whetftone  Fort ;  hardly  a 
piftol  Ihot  acrofs,  and  of  courle  may  eall- 
ly  be  defended  againft  naval  force.  From 
the  head  of  Elk  R.  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
to  Baltimore,  is  about  60  miles.  The 
town  is  built  around  what  is  called  the 
bafon,  reckoned  one  of  the  fineft  harbours 
in  America.  The  water  rifcs  5  or  6  feet 
at  common  tides.  It  is  divided  into  what 
is  called  the  town  and  Fell's  Point,  by  a 
creek ;  over  which  are  two  bridges :  but 
the  boufes  extend,  in  an  irregular  manner, 
from  the  one  to  the  other.  At  Fell's 
Point  the  water  is  deep  enough  for  fliip^ 
of  burden,  but  fmall  veflels  only  go  up  to 
the  town.  The  fituation  is  low,  and  »vas 
formerly  thought  unhealthy,  but,  by  its 
rapid  increafe,  improvements  have  taken 
place,  which  have  corre<fted  the  dampnefs 
of  the  air,  and  it  is  now  judged  to  be 
healthy.  In  1787,11  contained  1955  dwell- 
ing houfes  ;  of  which  laoo  were  in  the 
town,  and  the  reft  at  fell's  Point  It  then 
had  15a  ftores.  The  inhabitants  now  are 
^6,514,  of  whom  2843  are  flaves.  Before 
the  emigration  of  the  French  people  from 
Cape  Frangois,  and  other  iflands,  the  houf- 
es had  increafed  to  Z300.  Thofe  unfor- 
tunate people,  flying  from  their  mercilefs 
countrymen,  who  had  burned  and  pillag- 
fd  their  cities  and  towns,  and  murdered 
their  relations  and  fricm's,  found  here  at\ 
hcfpitable  afylum,  after  fulFerings  hardly 
paralleled  in  the  annals  of  hiftory.  Here 
are  n  placen  of  public  worfliip,  which  be- 
long to  Roman  Catholics,  Geunan  Cal- 
viiiirts  and  I.utherans,EpifcopaHans,Prcf- 
byterians,  Baptifts,  Methodids,  Quakers, 
Nicolite'i,  or  New  Quakers,  and  the  difci- 
pJe.s  of  Baron  Swedcnborg,  who  all  live 
Kgether  in  peace.  It  is  inhabited  by  peo- 
ple from^moft  parts  of  Europe.  The  prin- 
cipal ftrcet  is  Market  ftreet,  which  runs 
nearly  K  and  W  a  mile  in  length,  parallel 
vith  the  water.  This  i»  cvofled  by  a  num- 


ber o£  other  ftreets,  which  run  from  th^ 
water  ;  a  number  of  v.hich,  particularly 
Calvert  and  Gay  ftrects,  are  well  built. 
N  and  £  of  the  town,  the  land  rifes,  and 
prefents  a  noble  view  of  the  town  and  bay. 
In  1790,  this  city  owned  ■^^  Ihips,  i  fuow, 
31  brigantiiies,  34  fchooners,  and  9  floop« 
—  Total  loa ;  tonnage  13,564.  In  the  be- 
ginning of  1798  the  fliipping  amounted 
to  59>837  tons.  'I'hc  exports  in  1790  a- 
mouoted  to  2,027,770, and  the  imports  to 
i>945>899  dollars.  In  1798  the  exports 
exceeded  iz,ooo,ooo dollars.  Ihe  aflfalrs 
of  the  town  are  managed  by  a  board  of 
town  commillioners,  a  board  of  fpcciat 
commiffioners,  and  «  board  of  ward- 
ens ;  the  firft  board  fills  its  own  vacancies, 
and  is  perpetual ;  the  two  laft  are  appoint- 
ed by  electors,  chofcn  every  5th  year  by 
the  citizens.  It  is  53  miles  S  W  from  Elk- 
town,  176  N  E  from  Richmond  in  Vir- 
ginia ;  43  N  E  from  the  city  of  Wjifhing- 
ton,  and  103  S  W  from  Philadelphia.  M 
lat.  39  ai,  Wlon.  77  48. 

Bangor,  a  poft  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  weftern  fide  of  Penobfcot 
R.  37  miles  northerly  from  Caftine  and  47 
northeafterly  fromlortPoint  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  This  town  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation ;  veflels  of  200  tons  may  come 
up  to  it.  The  harbour  is  called  Kcnduf- 
keag  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  that 
name,  which  is  the  principal  place  of  trade 
on  the  river.  Here  are  a  number  of  hand- 
fome  houfes.  It  promifes  to  be  a  place  of 
confequence. 

Banks,  Port,  a  harbour,  on  the  N  W  coaft 
of  America,  S  eaftcrly  from  Cape  Edge- 
combe, and  N  wefterly  from  Sea  Otter 
Sound. 

Bann,  a  townfhip  in  York  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Baraena,  a  feaport  town  in  the  N  E  part 
of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  in  the  W.  Inclies; 
50  miles  N  E  of  St.  Jago  de  Cuba.  N  lat. 
21,  W  Ion.  76  10. 

Baraqukimilo,  a  town  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  in  the  province  of  Caracas,  and 
in  the  head  waters  of  Oroouoco  R.  about 
80  miles  S  from  Valencia,  and  1 75  N  W 
from  Calabeza.   N  lat.  8  $$,  W  Ion.  66  ^$. 

BarbaHaes,  one  of  the  Caribbee  iflands, 
belonging  to  Britain,  and  next  to  Jamaica 
for  importance  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  a- 
bout  21  miles  in  length  from  High  Point, 
its  northern  extremity,  to  South  Point  ; 
and  14  in  breadth,  from  the  Ch.nir  near 
Kitridge  Bay  E  to  Valiant  Royalift  Fcrt, 
W,  and  contains  106,470  acres  of  land, 
moll  of  wluch  is  under  cultivation.    It  licit 

30 


ill 

'';'.-J 

m 


m 

i 


BAR 


BAR 


.;!: 


•0  leagues  fi  from  St.  Vincent,  which  may 
be  feen  in  a  clear  day ;  zj  from  St.  Lucia  . 
48  S  £  from  Martinico  ;  60  N  F.  from 
Trinidad,  and  100  S  £  from  St.  Chrifto- 
pfaer't.  It  is  divided  into  5  diftridls,  and 
X I  pariflies  ;  and  contains  4  towns,  viz. 
Bridgetown,  the  capital  t  Oftins,  or 
Chanellown ;  St.  James,  formerly  called 
the  Hole ;  and  Speights  Town,  The  names 
of  the  pariHies  are  St.  Lucy's,  St.  Peter's, 
St.  James's,  St  Andrew's,  St.  Thomas's,  St. 
Jofeph's,  St.  John's,  St.  George's,  St.  Mich- 
ael's, St.  Philip's,  and  Chrilt  Church.  Its 
foil  raufl  be  allowed  to  be  highly  fertile,  if 
it  be  true,  that  it  contained  in  1670, 50,000 
whites,  and  loo^ooo  blacks  i  whofe  la- 
bours employed  60,000  tons  of  fliipping. 
This  is  thought  to  be  exaggerated  ;  but  it 
is  certain  that  its  population  has  decreaf- 
ed  rapidly.  In  1780  the  numbers  were 
36,167  whites ;  838  free  people  of  color, 
and  6a,iij  negroes,  The  exports,  on  an. 
average,  of  1784,  1785,  and  17  86,  had 
fallen  to  9,554  hhds.  of  fugar  ;  5448  pun- 
cheons of  rum ;  6310  bags  of  ginger ;  833  x 
bags  of  cotton,  exclufive  of  fmall  articles, 
as  aloes,  fweet  meats,  &c.  In  the  year 
ending  the  Jth  of  Jan.  1788,  443  veflels 
cleared  outwards  ;  and  the  London  mar- 
ket price  of  their  cargoes  in  fieri,  money, 
amounted  to  >£539,6o5-i4-io;  of  which 
the  value  exported  to  the  United  States, 
was  ;C43,ai  7-13-4.  That  the  dreadful 
iucceflton  of  hurricanes,  with  which  this 
and  the  other  W.  Indi&  iflands  have  been 
vifited,  for  many  years  paft,  has  contrib- 
uted to  this  great  d  'ideation,  cannot  be 
doubted.  Bridgetown  was  fcarcely  rifea 
from  the  afhes  te  which  two  dreadful 
iires  had  reduced  it,  when  it  was  torn  from 
its  foundations,  and  the  whole  country 
made  a  fcene  of  defolation,  by  the  ftorm 
of  the  xoth  of  Odl.  1 780,  in  which  no  lefs 
than  4326  o.'  the  inhabitants,  blacks  and 
whites,  miferably  perlflied ;  and  the  dam- 
age done  to  property  was  computed  at 
£i,3»o,564«i5.fterl.  The  force  of  the 
wind  was  at  one  place  fo  great  as  to  lift 
fome  pieces  of  cannon,  with  their  carri- 
ages, feveral  paces  from  the  ramparts. 
The  trade  of  this,  and  fome  others  of  the 
iflands,  fuffers  confiderably  by  a  duty  of 
4i  per  cent,  on  exported  produce  ;  out  of 
which,  however,  the  governor's  falary, 
j([20CO  a  year,  is  paid-  I'he  crown  ac- 
quired this  revenue  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.  which  the  planters  agreed  to,  in  order 
to  fecure  pofTeflions  to  which  they  had 
uncertain  titles.  Barbadoes  was  probably 
difcovered  £rft  by  the  Ponuguefe.    It  is 


y  ufually  ranked  among  the  windward  di* 
viiion  of  the  Caribbces,  being  a  day  or 
two's  fail  from  Surinam.  From  its  being 
the  firll  difcovered  of  any  of  thefe  idands, 
it  is  called  Mother  of  the  Sugar  Coloniei.— 
The  Hrft  of  the  Englifh  who  are  known 
to  have  landed  here,  were  the  crew  of  the 
Olive  Blojfom,  fitted  out  by  Sir  Olive  Leigh, 
in  1605.  It  was  found  abfolutely  dei'o- 
late  ;  nor  had  it  the  appearance  of  hav-. 
ing  been  peopled  even  by  the  ipoll  bar- 
barous Indians.  The  ifland  is  fortified  by 
nature,  all  along  the  windward  fhore,  by 
rocks  and  fhoaU,  fo  as  to  be  almoll  inac- 
cefllble  ;  on  the  leeward  fide  it  has  good 
harbours ;  but  the  whole  coaft  is  protedled, 
by  a  good  line,  of  fcveral  miles  in  length, 
and  feveral  forts  to  defend  it,  at  the  moft 
maiterial  places.  The  military,  civil,  and 
religious  eflablifhinents  are  well  provided 
for.  Here  is  a  college  founded  by  CoL 
Codrington  ;  the  only  inflitution  of  th^ 
kind  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  but  it  has  not  an- 
fwered  the  intention  of  the  founder.  The 
houfes  of  ^e  planters  are irery  thickly fown 
all  along  the  country,  which,  with  the  luxo 
uriant  produiStions  of  the  foil,  and  the 
gently  fwelling  hills,  form  a  delightful 
fcene.  The  earlied  planters  of  Barbadoes., 
were  fometimcs  reproached  with  the  guilt 
of  forcing  or  decoying  into  flavery,  the 
Indians  of  the  ueigliboring  continent. 
The  hilloiry  olJnkle  and  IdWfo,  which  the 
Spedtator  has  recorded  for  the  deteftation, 
of  mankind,  took  its  rife  in  this  ifl- 
and ;  but  happily  this  fpecies  of  flavery 
was  foon  aboliflied.  The  Barbadues  tar, 
is  a  particular  produdUon  of  this  iiland. 
U  rii'es  out  of  the  earth,  and  fwims  on, 
the  furface  of  the  water.  It  is  of  great 
ufe in  the drybellyache, and  in  difeafes  of 
the  breaft  The  capital,  Bridgetown,  lies, 
in  N  lat.  13  10,  W  Ion.  59.. 

Barbara,  St.  an  ifland  on  the  coafl  of  Bra-. 
ziL    Alfo  the  chief  town  of  New  Bifcay. 

Barbe,  St.  a  town  in  New  Bifcay,  in  the 
vicinity  of  which  are  very  rich  filver 
mines.  It  lies  500  miles  N  W  of  tJie  city 
of  Mexico.    N  lat.  16  ic,  W  Ion.  iio  5. 

Barbuda,  or  Barbotitbet,  one  of  the  Carib-. 
bee  iflands,  m  miles  N  of  Antigua,  and  S3 
N  £  of  St.  Cbriflopher's,  and  is  20  miles,^ 
long  and  12  broad.  The  natives  apply 
themfelyes,  chiefly  to  the  breeding  of  cat- 
tle, and  furuiflung  the  neighbouring  ifl- 
ands with  provifions.  It  is  fertile,  abound- 
ing in  the  natural  produdkions  of  the  other 
W.  India  iflands  ;  and  has  a  good  road  for 
{hipping,  but  no  diredt  trade  to  Britain. 
It  belongs  to  the  Codriogtoo  family,  to 

whom 


BAR 


BAR 


tirhom  It  prepuces  above  £5^^  a  year. 
The  inhabitants  amount  to  about  1500. 
V  lat.  18  30,  W  loa.  61  50. 

Bariut,  Riviere  a  la,  entpties  into  Lake 
Michigan,  from  £  S  £  between  Railin  and 
Marame  rivers.  lu  mouth  60  yards  wide, 
is  73  miles  N  by  W  from  Fort  St.  Jofeph. 
iUfo,  the  name  of  a  river  which  empties 
into  Lake  Erie,  from  the  N  £  40  miles  W 
N  W  from  the  extremity  of  Long  Point 
in  that  lake,  and  aa  E  by  S  from  Tonty  R. 

BarefieUs,  a  pod  town  in  Liberty  co.  S. 
Carolina,  414  miles  from  Wafhington. 

BariaJarei,  the  name  of  a  part  of  the 
Logwood  Country,  on  the  £  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  through  which  the 
river  Balize  runs  into  the  Sea  of  Honduras. 
It  has  Hicks  Keys  on  the  S,  and  South  La- 
goon on  the  N.    Lat  1 7  45  N,  Ion.  89  W. 

BariiflmJleaJ,  a  town  in  the  northern 
part  of  Connedlicut,  Utcbiield  co.  having 
Hartland  on  the  N,  and  Granby  £.  About 
as  miles  W  of  Hartford,  and  ao  N  E  of 
Litchfield. 

Barnard,a  town  in  Windfor  co. Vermont, 
;)bout  ao  miles  N  W  of  Windfor.  It  has 
1336  inhabitants. 

Bariutrdjlon,  a  townfliip  of  MaiTachu- 
fetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  W  bank  of 
Connedticut  river,  adjotuing  Northfield, 
94  miles  N  W  of  Bofion,  containing  780 
inhabitants. 

BarnavelJt,  an  ifland  of  S.  America,  to 
the  S  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  difcovered  in 
1616.    S  lat.  ss  49>  ^  It'll.  66  58. 

Barnegat  Inlet,  called  in  fbme  maps, 
Ne^<  Inlet,  is  the  pafTage  from  the  fea  into 
Flat  Bay  Sound,  on  the  S  eaftern  coad  of 
New  Jerfey,  68  miles  N  £  from  Cape 
May.  N  lat.  39  471^  W  Ion.  74  13.  Bar- 
negat  Beach  lies  below  this  Inlet,  between 
it  and  Little  Egg  Harbour,  16  miles  dif- 
tant,  S  W. 

Sarnegat,  the  name  of  a  fmatl  village  of 
S  or  10  houfes,  on  the  ead  bank  of  Hud- 
ibn  river,  5  mil^  S  of  Poughkcepfie,  and 
75  N  of  N.  York.  The  bufinefc  of  the 
few  inhabitants  of  this  place,  is  burning 
lime,  from  the  vaft  quantities  of  lime- 
f^one  which  are  found  here.  Their  lime 
is  marketed  in  N.  York,  whither  they 
carry  it  in  great  quantities  annually. 

Barnet,  s  pod  town,  in  Caledonia  cow 
Vermont,  15  miles  N  of  Newbury,  hav- 
ing 85S  inhabitants  who  are  emigrants 
from  Scotland,  and  their  defcendants. 
They  have  a  prefbyterian  miniller  and 
adhere  very  ftridly  to  the  forms  of  the 
church  of  Scotland.  The  lower  bar  of 
the  15  mile  fallii,  in  CotwetSticut  R.  is  flt- 


uated  at  the  N  E  comer  of  this  towndiipii 
Into  that  river  it  fends  Stephens  R.  whicll 
rifes  in  Peacham,  the  adjoining  town  on 
the  W. 

BamJlaUe  Co.  lies  upon  the  ptninfula* 
the  point  of  which  is  Cape  Cod,  the  3 
ealhvard  point  of  MalTachufetts  Bay,  op« 
pofite  Cape  Ann.  Cape  Cod  lies  in  N 
Lat.  4a  At  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich  70 
14,  and  gives  name  to  the  whole  penin- 
fula, which  is  furrounded  by  witter  on 
all  fides,  except  the  W,  where  it  is  bound- 
ed by  Plymouth  co.  It  is  65  miles  long, 
as  the  road  runs,  from  the  ifthmus  between 
Barnftable  and  Buzzard's  Bays  to  Race 
Point ;  and  iu  breadth  for  30  miles  not 
more  than  3,  and  above  half  the  remain" 
der  from  6  to  9  miles.  It  contains  i  x 
townflijps  and  the  plantation  of  Marfli- 
pee  ;  having  19,193  inhabitants.  Barn- 
(lable  was  made  a  ilure  m  i6iS'  Seo 
Cape  Cod, 

SarnJIabU,  the  Mattacherfe,  or  Mattachtf 
fit  of  tiie  ancient  Indians,  is  a  port  of  en- 
try and  poft  town,  and  the  (hire  town  of 
Barnftable  co.  It  extends  acrofs  the  pen- 
infula, and  is  waflied  by  the  fea  on  the  N 
and  S,  having  Sandwich,  and  the  dillri(ft 
called  Marfhpee,  on  the  W  is  about  5 
miles  broad,  and  9  long;  7a  miles  S  eafl- 
erly  from  Bofton.  Sandy  Neck  on  the 
N  more,  runs  £  almofl  the  length  of  the 
town,  and  forms  the  harbour,  embofom- 
ing  a  large  body  of  fait  marfli.  The  har- 
bour is  about  a  mile  wide,  and  4  long  ; 
in  which  the  tide  rifes  from  8  to  14  feet. 
It  has  a  bar  running  off  N  £  from  the 
Neck  feveral  miles,  which  prevents  the 
entrance  of  large  (hips  ;  but  finall  vefleh 
may  pafsany  part  of  it  at  high  water ;  and 
where  it  is  commonly  crofied,  it  feidom 
has  lefs  than  6  or  7  feet  at  low  water. 
I'here  is  another  harbour  on  the  S  called 
Lewit*j  Bay.  Its  entrance  is  within  Barn- 
ftable,  and  it  extends  ahnoft  a  miles  into 
Yarmouth.  It  is  commodious  and  fafe, 
and  is  complet^y  land  locked  ;  and  has 
5  feet  water  at  a  middling  tide.  A  mile 
or  two  to  the  wellward;  and  near  the  en- 
trance of  Lewis's  Bay,  lies  Hyanis  Road. 
It  is  formed  principally  by  an  ifland, 
joloed  by  a  beach  to  Yarmouth,  which 
together,  make  the  outfide  of  the  bay  be- 
fore mentioned.  The  S  head  of  this  ifl- 
and is  called  Point  Gammon.  Oyllcr 
Bay,  near  the  S  W  limit  of  the  town,  ad- 
mits fmall  velTels ;  and  which,  with  Lew- 
is's Bay,  has  in  years  pad  produced  excel- 
lent oyflers,  in  great  quantities ;  though 
they  are  now  much  reduced.    There  are 

aoout 


I 


\ 


I 


,.  ;! 


I>5|5'^il 


UAH 

^out  »o  or  30  ponds  in  BarnRable.  The 
hmd  on  the  N  fide  produces  from  15  to 
a.f  bulhcU  of  Indian  corn  to  an  acre,  and 
rye  and  other  grain  in  proportion.  Wheat 
and  flax  are  cultivated ;  the  latter  with 
fticccfii.  From  la  to  18,000  bufhelt  of 
onions  are  raifed  and  fent  chiefly  to  Bof> 
tun  market.  Upwards  of  160  men  are 
employed  in  the  iifliery,  which  is  yearly 
incre:iiing.  Whales  feldom  come  into 
^Mafl'achufetts  Bay  now,  and  that  iifliery 
ii  dilcontinued.  No  quarrels  with  the 
ancient  natives  of  the  country  are  record- 
ed in  the  accounts  of  this  town.  The 
people,  4964  in  number,  are  generally 
healthy ;  and  many  inftances  of  longevity 
are  to  be  met  with.  Numbers  of  the 
iarme.s  are  occafionally  Teamen  ;  and 
tlus  town  has  afforded,  and  continues  to 
furnilli  many  mafler^  of  veflels  and  mar* 
incrs  who  fail  from  other  ports.     N  lat. 

BarnpeaJ,  a  townfliip  m  Stranord  co>N. 
Hampfliire,  31  miles  N  W  of  Portfnlouth. 

Barrtf  a  poll  town  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufetts,  containing  1937  inhabit- 
ants ;  t4  miles  N  W  of  Worcefter,  and 
66  W  of  Bofton,  deriving  its  name  from 
Col.  Barre,  a  Britifli  fenator,  who,  on  the 
eve  of  the  late  war»  plead  the  caufe  of 
America,  in  the  Britifli  houfe  of  commons, 
Xi\t\\  great,  but  unfuccefsful  energy.  This 
town  has  good  paftures,  and  here  are  fat- 
ted multitudes  of  cattle ;  and  it  is  fiippof- 
«d,  more  butter  and  cheefe  is  carried 
hence  to  the  market,  annually,  than  from 
Any  other  town  of  the  fame  fize  in  the 
State. 

Barre,  a  towndiip  in  Huntingdon  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Barre-,  a  poft  town  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, has  919  inhabitants,  and  is  about 
15  miles  N  W  of  Nevvbury,  and  591 
from  Wafliington. 

Barren's  Sound,  on  the  N  W  Cbaft  of 
America,  called  by  the  natives  Conget  hoi 
tni,  is  fituated  about  A  leagues  from  the 
jbuthem  extremity  of  Wafliington,  or 
Charlotte  iflands,  in  a  N  W  diretflion, 
about  N  lat.  ja,  W  Ion.  131  from  Green- 
wich. It  has  two  inlets ;  one  on  the  E, 
the  other  on  the  W  fide  of  tlie  ifland  ; 
the  latter  is  the  beft,  the  other  is  danger- 
ous. The  fliores  are  of  a  craggy  black 
rock  ;  the  banks  lined  with  trees  of  va- 
rious kinds,  as  pines,  fpruce,  hemlock,  ai- 
rier, &c.  Mr.  Hofkins,  in  the  fummer  of 
1 79 1,  meafured  one  of  thefe  trees,  which 
was  ten  fathoms  in  circumference.  On  one 
fide  of  it  a  hole  had  been  cut,  large  enough 


BAR 

to  admit  a  man  ;  within  was  a  rpacloui 
and  convenient  room,  which  had  appa- 
rently been  dug  and  burnt  out  with  much 
labour.  Mr.  Hulkins  concluded  that  it 
muft  have  been  occafionally  inhabited  by 
the  natives;  as  he  found  in  it  a  box,  fire- 
works, dried  wood,  and  feveral  dotneftie 
utenfils.  This  found  was  named  after 
Jofcph  Barrell,  Efq.  of  CharlcftoWn, 
(Majf.)ixid  was  firft  vifited  by  Capt.  Gray, 
in  the  Wafliington,  in  1789. 

Barren  Creek,  rifes  in  the  N  W  corner 
of  Delaware  (late,  runs  about  9  miles  S 
wcfterly,  and  empties  into  Nanticoke  R. 

Barren  R.  Both  Big  and  Little  Barren 
rivers,  are  S  E  branches  of  Green  R.  in 
Kentucky.  Blue  Sfrhig  lies  between  thefe 
rivers,  wnich  fee. 

Barren  I.  a  fmall  ifle  in  Chefapeak  Bay, 
N  £  from  the  mouth  of  Patuxent  R. 

Barren,  a  co.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
4784  people,  505  of  whom  are  flaves. 

Barren  IJlands,  at  the  entrance  of  Cook's 
river  on  the  N  W  coall  of  America. 

Barnivtll,i.  Diftri<£fc  of  Carolina. contain- 
ing 7376  inhabitants,  of  whom  1690  are 
flaves. 

Barrtijio^vn,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  hav- 
ing 425  inhabitants. 

Barrington,  a  town  in  Queens  co.  Nova 
Scotia,on  the  S  fide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy ; 
fettled  by  Quakers  from  Nantucket. 

Barrington,  a  town  in  StraflTord  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  about  30  miles  N  W  from 
Portfmouth,  incorporated  in  1712,  con- 
taining 2773  inhabitants.  AUum  is 
found  here  ;  and  the  firft  ridge  of  the 
Frojl  Hills,  one  of  the  three  inferior  fum- 
mits  of  Agam6nticus,is  continued  through 
this  town.  Its  fituation  is  very  healthy  ; 
e  g.14  of  the  firft  fettlers  in  173  a,  were 
alive  in  1785,  who  were  between  80  and 
90  years  old. 

Barrington,  a  townfliip  in  Briftol  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  on  Warren  R.  3  miles  N  W 
of  Warren,  and  about  7  S  E  from  Prov- 
idence.    It  contains  650  inhabitants. 

Barrington,  Gred',  is  the  fecond  townfhip 
in  rank  in  Berkfliire  co.  Maflachufetts. 
It  contains  1754  inhabitants,  ahd  lies  140 
miles  W  from  Bofton,  ahd  fouth  of  Stock- 
bridge,  adjoining. 

Biirroiv  Harbour,  is  an  extenfive  bay  in 
that  of  Bcnavifta,  Newfoundland. 

Bart,  a  port  on  the  fouthern  coaft  of 
Nova  Scotia. 

Bart  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Bartholomew,  St.  a  parifli  in  Charlefton 
diilri<fi,  S.  Carolina. 

Sarthokmewt 


'«% 


tari 
tnoft  . 
tlraits,! 
far  fuif 
tible 

Bari 
iflandsl 

Bari 
iflandsl 
St.  Ch 
is  reckf 
but 
product 
ibme  K 
a  greatl 
the  Wl 
and  pr(| 
States. 
trees  m 
or  aloei 
cvatfH* 
tic.  4' 
grow  d 
form  a 
fence  in 
fliore    i 

gether, ; 
Here  is 


^ 


iBAlt 


6At 


%rtlolomrWf  Capi,  St.  u  the  fout^irn* 
tnod  point  of  Staten  Land,  in  Le  Maire 
tlraiti,  at  the  S  end  Of  S.  America  ;  and 
far  AirpaiTet  Terra  del  Fuego  in  it*  bor- 
rible  appearance. 

Bartb»lomtv)t  St.  one  of  the  dufter  of 
iHands,  called  New  Hebridei,  which  fee. 

Bartbohmno,  St.  one  of  the  Carribbee 
idands,  in  the  W^  Indies,  35  miles  N  of 
St.  Chriftopher's,  and  30  N  E  of  Saba.  It 
is  reckoned  X  leagues  in  circumference, 
but  has  little  ground  fit  fer  manuring.  It 
produces  cotton  of  a  good  qualit)r,  and 
fome  tobacco  and  caflava.  It  carries  on 
a  great  trade,  in  the  didribution  through 
the  W.  Indies  of  Swedifli  naval  (lores, 
and  provifions,  received  frorti  the  United 
States.  It  abounds  >vith  woods.  The 
trees  mofl  in  efteem  are,  k.  The  foap  tree, 
or  aloes  tree.  a.  The  caltibackl  ,-).  The 
caiuq>ia,  whofe  giiiA  is  an  excellent  cathar- 
tic. 4.  The  parotane,  whofe  boughs 
grow  downward,  take  root  again,  and 
form  a  kind  of  bulkwark  and  ftrong  de- 
fence in  time  of  attack.  All  along  the 
fhore  are  thofe  trees  called  Tea  trees, 
trhofe  bdughs  are  curioufly  plaited  to- 
gether, and  look  as  if  they  were  glazed. 
Here  is  an  infinite  variety  of  birds,  and  a 
1)eculiar  kind  of  limellone,  which  the 
inhabitants  expoK  to  the  adjacent  iflands. 
They  have  likewife  plenty  of  lignum  vita 
and  iron  wood.  Its  fliores  are  dangerous, 
aftd  the  approaching  them  require!  a  good 
pilot ;  but  it  has  an  excellent  harbour,  in 
which  fliips  of  aAy  fize  are  flieltered 
from  all  winds.  Half  its  inhabitants  are 
Irifh  Roman  Catholics,  whofe  predecef- 
fors  fettled  here  in  1666;  the  others  arc 
French,  to  whom  the  ifland  lately  belong- 
ed. It  was  ceded  by  France  to  tne  crown 
of  Sweden  in  1785.  They  depend  on  the 
ikies  for  water,  which  they  keep  in  cif- 
tcrns,  there  being  no  fprings  in  the  idand. 
It  was  a  neft  for  privateers  when  in  the 
hands  of  the  French  ;  and  at  one  time 
had  50  Britifh  prizes  in  its  harbour.  It 
has  been  increafing  in  improvements  ever 
fince  it  came  into  the  handsof  the  Swedes. 
During  the  late  war  between  France  and 
England,  it  had  a  great  accelfion  of  in- 
habitants, of  difTerent  nations,  from  the 
other  iflands,  who  have  transferred  their 
property  here,  built  handfume  houfes, 
and  extend.  '  the  commerce  of  the  ifland. 
N  lat.  1 7  ^6,  W  Ion.  63  10. 

Barilei,  a  plantation  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  having  548  inhabitants. 

Barton,  a  townfhip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont, formerly  in  that  of  OriOge,  lies  S 
Vol.  I.  E 


W  of  Brownington  ;  6  miles  S  W  by  V^ 
from  Willoughhy  Lake,  and  140  N  cud* 
erly  from  Bennington. 

Barton,  a  towniliip  in  Upper  Canada* 
Lincoln  co.  W  of  8altfleet,  on  Burlington 
Bay. 

Ba/lit  Iff  M'lnat,  is  a  body  of  water  of 
conuderable  extent,  and  irregular  form, 
fituated  in  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  £  end  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy;  and  connected  \vith 
its  N  £  branch  by  a  Hinrt  and  narrow 
Urait.  The  coimtry  on  its  banks  is  gen' 
erally  a  rich  foil,  and  is  watered  by  many 
final!  rivers.  The  fpring  tides  rile  her* 
40  feet. 

Bajkcnr'tdge,  a  port  town  in  Somcrfet  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,  on  the  W  fide  of  a  N  W  branch 
of  Paflaic  R.  nearly  6  miles  N  E  fronf 
Pluckemin,  and  7  S  8  W  from  Morrif- 
town.  It  was  here  that  Col.  Harcourt 
furprifed  and  made  a  prifoner  of  Gen. 
Lee,  Dec.  13, 1776. 

Bofon  Harbour,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  townfliip  of  Fer* 
Hfburgh,  Vermont,  4^  miles  S  wcfterly 
from  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek.  A  poll 
ofHce  is  kept  here,  524  miles  from  Wafli* 
ington. 

B(^e  Terre,  the  chief  town  in  the  ifland 
of  St.  Chriftopher's,  in  the  W.  Indies,  fitu- 
ated at  the  S  E  end  of  the  I.  It  confifts 
of  a  long  ftreet  along  the  fea  fliore  ;  is  a 
place  of  condderable  trade,  the  feat  of 
government,  and  is  defended  by  3  bat- 
teries. N  lat.  17  44,  Wlon.  6a  36  56.  This 
is  alfo  the  name  of  a  part  of  the  I.  of  Gua- 
daloupe,  in  the  W.  Indies ;  between  a 
point  of  which  called  Grofle  Morne,  to 
that  of  Antigua  in  the  Grande  Terre,  the 
bafon  called  the  Great  Cul  de  Sac,  is  s  or 
6  leagues  in  length ;  wherein  is  fafe  riding 
for  fliips  of  all  rates. 

Bass  Harbour,  Maine,  a  harbour  of  Mt. 
Defert  Ifland,  7  miles  from  Soil  Cove. 

Bafiimentot,  fmall  iflands,  near  the  Ifth* 
mus  of  Darien,  and  fomewhat  W  of  the 
Samballocs  iflands,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
bay  of  Nombre  vie  Dios,  very  near  the 
ihorc  Here  admiral  Hofier  lay  with  a 
Britilh  fquadron  many  years  ago,  when 
having  loft  many  of  his  men,  and  his  ftiipt 
being  almoft  rotten,  in  an  inadti^^e  ftate, 
he  died  of  a  broken  heart.  K  lat.  9  30,  W 
Ion.  79  45. 

Batabano,  a  town  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  W.  Indies ;  fituated 
on  the  fide  of  a  large  bay,  oppofite  Pino* 
ifles,  and  about  50  miles  S  W  from  the 
Havannah. 

Batavia,  a  fettlcment  in  N.  York,  at  the 

hea4 


it 
I 


# 


M 


ll 

'"  111 


'  BAT 

Ikead  of  Schoharie  Creek,  in  the  towndnp 
ef  Freehold,  between  JO  and  30  mile*  W 
•f  Cntdill.     A  \M(i  oflice  h  kept  here. 

Jiatl),  a  iwft  town  in  I.incohi  co.  Maine, 
containing;  ilij  inhuhitant*.  It  lies  on 
the  W  lide  of  Kcnnchcck  R.  about  1.^ 
miles  from  WifcalTct, 60  N  K  from  Wnt- 
land,  38  from  Hnliowcil.    N  lat.  43  49. 

HatL,  a  CO.  of  Virj^inia,  about  60  inilen 
in  length,  and  50  in  brijadth  ;  bounded 
E  by  the  co.  of  Auj;;uflu  It  contaiun 
4847  free  inhabitaiitn,  am!  66t  ilavc*.  It  in 
noted  for  its  medicin.tl  ([iring^,  called  the 
Hot  and  Warm  fprliigB,  near  the  foot  of 
Tackfon's  Moimtiin.  Sec  nrginht.  Here 
IS  a  poll  oiBcc  227  m!le»  froin^Waflting- 
ton. 

Sii!b,  a  thriving  town  in  Berkley  co. 
Virginia,  fltuated  at  the  foot  of  the  Warm 
Spruie  Mountai:i.  The  fprings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  this  town,  although  lef» 
eflicaciouf  than  t?ie  Warm  Springs  in  Bath 
CO.  draw  upwards  (>f  1000  people  here, 
during  fummer,  from  various  parts  of 
the  United  States.  The  water  is  little 
more  than  milk  warm,  and  weakly  im- 
pregnated with  minerals.  The  country 
in  the  environs  is  agreeably  diverfified 
with  hills  and  valleys  ;  the  foil  rich,  and 
in  good  cultivation  ;  2J  miles  from  Mar- 
tinlbnrg,  and  269  miles  S  W  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Aiib,  a  port  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampshire,  h.is  825  inhabitants,  on  the  E 
bank  of  Conneclicut  R.  35  miles  N  E  by 
N  from  Dartmouth  College,  and  97  N  W 
from  Portfmoutii. 

BatL,  or  Port  Bath,  a  port  town  in  Hyde 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  N  lide  of  I'ar  R. 
about  24  miles  from  Pamplico  Sound,  61 S 
by  W  of  Edenton.and  is  the  port  of  entry 
on  Tar  R.  It  contains  about  12  houl'os, 
and  is  rather  declining.  N  lat.  35  31,  W 
Ion.  77  15. 

Bath,  a  village  in  the  eadcrn  parifh  of 
St.  Thomas,  in  the  I.  of  Jamaica,  in  tlve  W. 
Indies.  It  has  its  rife  and  name  from  a 
famous  hot  fpring  in  its  vicinity,  faid  to  be 
hig!ily  efficacious  in  curing  the  dry  belly- 
ache. The  water  is  fulphureous,  and 
flows  out  of  a  n.cky  mount.iin  about  a 
mile  dillant,  :.iid  is  too  hot  to  admit  a  haiul 
being  held  in  it. 

5a/A,  a  village  In  the  co.  of  Renflalaer, 
N.  York,  plea.  lUtly  fituated  on  the  eafl 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  nearly  oppofite  the 
city  of  Albany,  at  the  head  of  floop  navi- 
gation. A  mineral  fpring  has  been  difcov- 
ared  here,  faid  to  polTcfs  valuablcqualities ; 
aad  a  comioodiovu  bathing  lioufe  ba«  been 


BAY 

•retted,  at  a  cnnrKlcrablo  cxpcnfe,  coi* 
taining  hot,  cold,  and  flatwcr  baths. 

BiitL,  a  thriving  po(t  town  in  N.  York» 
Steubvn  co.and  has  45  J  inhabitants, on  tha 
N  bank  of  C'oiiho(!ton  Creek,  a  northern 
headwater  of  Tioga  R.  42  miles  S  E  from 
M'illiamlburg,  on  Genclle  R.  i8  N  W 
from  the  Painted  Pod  ;  120  from  Niagara; 
59  woflerly  from  Geneva,  and  2ai  W  of 
Hudfon  city.     N  lat.  42  15,  W  Ton.  77  10. 

Luittn  Kill,  a  fmall  ifver  which  rifcs  in 
Vermont,  and  afier  running  N  and  N  weft- 
crlv  about  30  miles,  falls  into  Hudfon,  op- 
poute  Saratoga. 

Baiile  R.  in  New  South  Wales,  r4in»  N  K 
into  SaflcahawcnR.  S  E  from  Manchefter 
Houfc.     Its  courfe  Is  Hiort. 

Baitletowii  a  port  town  in  Frederick  co. 
Virginia,  79  miles  from  Waflu'ngton. 

Baxoj  De  Babiica.     Sec  Ahrojoi. 

Bay  of  Frrjb  IVater,  in  the  N  part  of  th« 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  lies  S.  of  Afcenfion  Bay.' 
N  lat.  30,  W  Ion.  93. 

Biiyamo,  a  town  in  th-*  caflcrn  part  of 
the  Ill.md  of  Cuba,  having  tho  town  of 
Almo  W,  and  St.  Barbara  on  the  S.  It  lie* 
on  the  E  fide  of  Edcro  k.  about  20  miles 
from  the  fea. 

Bay  ima  Channel  Jel,  in  the  iiland  of  Cuba, 
runs  between  the  numerous  fmall  iilands 
and  rocks  called  Jardin j^e  ia  Reyna,  on 
the  N  W,  and  the  Iloals  and  rocks 
which  Iin6  the  coaft  on  the  S  H  lide  of  it, 
from  the  bold  point  called  Cubo  de  Cruz. 
This  channel  leads  to  the  b:iy  of  Eflero, 
which  receives  two  rivers  ;  the  fouthern- 
mofl  of  whichleads  tothe  town  of  Bayamo. 

Bay  of  Fundy,  wafhes  the  fliores  of  the 
Britifli  provinces  of  New  Brunfwick  on 
the  N,  and  Nova  Scotia  on  the  E  and  S. 
This  bay  is  I2  leagues  acrofs,  from  the  Gut 
of  Annapolis  to  St.  John's.  The  tides  are' 
very  rapid  in  this  bay,  and  rife  at  Annap- 
olis Balm  about  30  feet ;  at  the  Bafin  of 
Minas,  which  may  be  termed  the  N  arm 
of  this  bay,  40  feet ;  and  at  the  head  of 
Chignedlo  Channel,  an  arm  of  this  bay, 
the  fpring  tides  rife  60  feet. 

^.ly  de  Roche  ivoi/V.or  NorthtvrJ}  Bay,\{e% 
on  the  W  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  i* 
miles  N  of  Crown  Point. 

Bay  rf  IJlarJs,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of 
Newfoundland  I.  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. This  bay  is  very  ext'cnfive,  hav- 
'iiig  3  arms,  by  which  feveral  rivers  empty 
into  it.  It  has  feveral  I  (lands  ;  the  chief 
of  which  are  called  Harbour,  Pearl,  and 
Tweed.  The  centre  of  the  bay  lies  ia 
about  49  5  N  lat. and  58  zj  W  Ion.  from 
Greeuwick. 


% 


s  * 


^ 


cxpcnfe,  cei* 
r  batlm. 
I  in  N.  York, 
)ic.int8,on  th* 
k,  a  northern 
liles  S  E  from 
R.  i8  N  W 
rom  Niagara; 
11(1  aai  VVof 
Wfon.  77  lo. 
vliich  fifes  ill 
M  and  N  wcft- 
)  Hutlfon,  op- 
tics, qms  N  r. 
I  Mancitefter 

Frederick  CO. 

liiigton. 

■ojot. 

N  part  of  th« 

Tcenfion  Bay. 

(lern  part  of 
tho  town  of 
the  S.  It  h'c» 
bout  ao  miles 

land  of  Cuba, 

Tmall  iflandg 

a  Reyna,  on 

and   rocki 

lide  of  it, 

bo  de  Cruz. 

y  of  Eflero, 

»e  fouthern- 

of  Bay  am  o. 

horcs  of  the 

unfwick  on 

£  and  S. 

rum  the  Gut 

he  tides  are' 

at  Annap- 

hc  Bafin  of 

the  N  arm 

the  head  of 

}f  this  bay, 

:iji  Bay,  fiet 
mplain,  i^ 

W  fide  of 
St.  I^aw- 
nfive,  hav- 
vers  empty 
the  chief 
Pearl,  ajid 
lay  lies  in 
■  Ion.  from 


BEA 


le 


'■i 


tuy  ^  8l.  Ltuii,  on  the  Labrador  coafl, 
kM  Cape  St.  Louis  on  the  N.  and  Cape 
^.'harles  on  the  S.  It  iia*  many  linall 
t^landi ;  the  largeO  of  wliich  is  Battle  I.  in 
rhe  mouth  of  the  bay.  'I'ht.'  middle  of  the 
bay  lie*  in  N  lat.  5  a  a.'^.Wion.  j.?  J.V 

liayntt,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  S  fide  of 
tbvifland  of  St.  Domingo,  4\  leagues  from 
Petit  Goave,  on  the  N  iidc  of  the  iHand. 
It  is  about  8  leagues  W  of  Jacknwl.  N 
lat.  18  17. 

Beach  Fori,  a  branch  of  Salt  R.  which 
rifes  in  Nelibn  ca  Kcnttifky.  A  fine  clay 
is  found  on  this  river,  which  might,  it  is 
thought,  be  mdnufadlured  in  'o  good  por- 
celain. 

JJciilJiurir,  ft  fmall  town  in  K'lfon  co. 
Kentucky,  on  the  K  bank  of  Rolling  Fork, 
WhicK  contains  ao  houi'es,  as  alfo  a  tolsac- 
eo  warehoufc.  It  is  15  miles  W  S  W  of 
Bairddown,  50  S  W  of  Frankfort.  N  iat. 
37  4a,  W  Ion.  8550. 

Bear  Creek,  in  Tenneflee,  rifes  among 
the  head  waters  of  Tombigby,  runs  north- 
erly 45  miles,  and  empties  into  the  I'en- 
nefl'ee  in  lat.  ,h  46.  la  miles  below  the 
Chickefaw  llioals ;  it  is  afccnded  by  boats 
aj  miles.     See  Occochappo. 

BeardJIoiVM.     See  BairdJIeivn. 

Bear  Cove,  lies  on  the  £  flde  of  the  3 
eaflern  corner  of  Newfoundland  1.  at  the 
head  of  which  is  the  fettlemcnt  of  Formcfe, 
which  fee.  Reneau's  rocks  lie  between 
Bear  Cove  and  Frefli  water  Bay  on  the 
S,  3a  miles  northerly  from  Cape  Rac«. 

Bear  Craft  Creei,  A  fmall  creek  on  the 
eaflern  fide  of  Ohio  R.  a  few  hundred 
yards  N  of  the  town  of  Louifville,  in  Ken., 
tucky.  This  is  the  fpot  whei  e  the  intend- 
ed canal  is  propofed  to  be  cut  to  the  up- 
per fide  of  the  RapiJj.  From  the  mouth 
of  the  creek.to  the  upper  fide  of  the  rapids, 
is  not  quite  %  miles.  This  wouid  render 
the  navigation  of  the  Ohio  fafe  and  eafy. 
The  country  on  the  fides  of  this  creek,  be- 
tween Salt  R.  and  Kentucky  11.  is  beau- 
tiful and  rich.    See  Ripuh  of  the  Ohio. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  in  the  N  W  part  of 
N.  America,  lies  near  the  Ar<Slic  Circle, 
and  fends  a  river  a  W  S  W  courfe. 

Bear  Lake,  Black,  in  New  South  Wales, 
lies  in  N  lat.  53^,  W  Ion.  107^.  It  lies  N 
W  from  Cumberland  Houfe 

Bear  Lake,H^hUe,\ieidue'Wfrom  anothtjr 
fmii'l  lake  called  Bear  L.ake,  both  in  NIat. 
48  i,u  and  the  W  Ion.  of  the  former  is  98^. 
T'hefe  are  fatd  to  give  rife  to  Mifilfippi  R. 

Bear  Town,  rn  Caroline  co.  Maryland, 
lies  about  7  mile*  N  from  Greenfburg, 
mi  about  I J  S  EXvom  C'hcfiertowa. 


BEA 

Beaufiit,  K  CO.  of  Ncwbern  difiridl,  N. 
C.iroliiia.  It  is  bounded  N  by'I'yirel,  E 
by  Hyde,  S  by  Craven,  W  by  iUakow.  It 
tiintainii  5j4I  ini»abit;ints,  of  whom  1674 
iiie  Haves.     Chief  town  W'.ilhiiigton. 

Hi.i'fort,^  Icaport  town  in  Carteret  CO. 
on  the  N  IC  tide  of  Ctrc  ^)ound,  and  dif- 
trick  of  Newhcrn,  N.  Canilin.u  It  con- 
tains 4,n  inhabitants,  a  court  huuie  and 
gi«)J,  ami  tiw  a),  courts  are  held  here  ;  S5 
miles  .S  by  li  of  Newbern,  and  about  ij 
from  C;ipc  Lookmit.     N  lat.  ,i4  47. 

Ih.iifort,  the  chiff  town  of  Beaufort  dif« 
tridl:,  S.  Carolina,  is  iituatcd  on  the  ifland 
of  Port  Royal,  at  the  mouth  of  Coofa- 
whatchic  R.  It  is  a  little  pleafant  town, 
of  I  or  300  houfcs,  an  Epifcopal  and  Bap* 
tift  church,  4  fchool  houfes,  and  700  in- 
habitants, who  are  difiinguillied  for  their 
hufpitality  and  politcncls.  It  has  a  fine 
harbour,  and  bids  fair  to  become  a  con- 
fiderable  town.  It  was  formerly  a  ftatioi) 
for  the  Britidi  fquadron.  Beaufort  is  a6 
miles  from Purifburg,  and  73froraCharlef- 
ton,  10  the  S  VV,  noted  for  its  healthy  fit- 
uation.     N  lat.  3a  26,  W  Ion.  80  55. 

Beaufort  ViflriB,  in  the  Uiwcr  country 
of  S.  Carolina,  lies  on  the  fca  coafl,  be- 
tween Combahce  anil  Savannah  rivers. 
It  it  di)  milos  in  length,  and  37  in  breadth, 
and  is  divided  into  4  parifhcs,  viz.  St. 
Helena,  St.  Luke,  Prince  William,  and  St. 
Peter,  which  contain  80,418  inhabitants  x 
of  whom  only  4397  are  whites.  Human- 
ity trembles  at  the  inevitable  confequen- 
ces.  The  northern  part  of  this  dillricl: 
abounds  with  large  forefts  of  cyprefs ;  the 
lantls,  however,  are  fit  for  raiting  rii-*» 
indigo,  &c.  It  fends  la  repr«fentative» 
and  4  fenators  to  the  (late  legiflaturc ; 
each  pariHi  fending  an  equal  number. 
Amount  of  taxCs  jC3,oa>2-ii  fter. 

Beaver,  a  co.  in  Pennfylvania,  containin£ 
5776  inhabitants. 

Beaver  Creek,  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  at  it*, 
£  end ;  about  7  miles  S  £  from  Fort  £rie. 

Beaver  Creek,  ^/j',  falls  into  the  Alltgha- 
jty  river,  after  receiving  feveral  branches 
froBi  the  N  E  about  a8  miles  N  VV  itoick. 
Pittfl»urg. 

Beavcn  Datn,»  townfhipin  Northumber-- 
land  cg.in  Pennfylvania,  W  of  Sufquchan- 
i>ahR.  about  50  milesNWof  Harrifburgh. 

Beaiter,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Butler  and  S  by  W.ifliington.  It  i» 
watered  by  the  Alleghany  river  p.nd  Bea-. 
ver  Creek,  and  contains  330,640  acres,  6 
townlhips,  and  5776  inhabitants, 

BeavertaiuH,  a  poft  town,  Capital  of  the- 
above  qo.  448  miles  from  Wadilngton. 

Beavtr 


W 


.-Ji 


!, 


BED 

Btaver  Kill,  is  a  S  E  arm  of  th«  Popach- 
ton  Branch  of  the  Delaware. 

Beaver  Late,  in  New  South  Wales,  lies 
in  about  J2  45  N  lat.  and  loi  30  W  ion. 
A  little  N  £  from  it  is  the  fource  of  Chur- 
chill R.  S  £  from  it  is  Cumberlani}  Houfe, 
ou  Grafs  R.  which  has  coomiunication  by 
lakes  with  Nelfon  R.  S  W  of  it  is  Salkai- 
hawen  R.  on  which,  towards  its  head,  are 
a  number  of  houfes  belonging  to  the  Hud- 
ion's  Bay  Company. 

Beavers  To-wii,  at  Tujiarawas,  lies  be- 
tween Margaret's  Creek,  an  upper  N  W 
branch  of  Mufkingum  R.and  the  Nbranch 
of  that  river ;  at  the  head  of  which  N 
branch  there  is  only  a  mile's  portage  to. 
Cayahoga  R.  Beavers  Town  Ues  about 
8j  miles  N  W  from  Pittfburg  A  little 
below  this  a  fort  was  ere<5led  in  1764. 

Beciet,  a  townfliip  in  BerkHiire  co.  Maf- 
fachufetta,  containing  930  inhabitants.  It 
is  10  miles  £  of  Stockbridge,  ^7  froni 
Lenox,  and  130  W  from  Bofton. 

Bede  Foint,  is  the  eaftern  cape  dt  the 
mouth  of  Cook's  R.  oa  the  N  W  coa(t  of 
N.  America. 

Bedford,  a  townfliip  ij!i  HilUborough  ca 
N.  Hampfhire,  on  the  W  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  56  ndles  W  of  Portfmovith,  %\  S 
of  Concord. 

Bedford,  a  townihip  in  Middlefez  cq. 
Ma^achufctt8,contaimng  538  inhabitants; 
J  6  miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 

Bedford,  New,  is  a  flourifliing  town  in 
Briftol  CO.  Mafiachufetts,  58  miles  fouth- 
vrard  of  Bofton.  It  hes  at  the  head  of 
navigation  on  Accufhnet  R.  Lat.  40  41, 
N,  Ion.  70  5Z  W,  fron\  Qreenwich,  and 
has  4361  inhabitants. 

Bedford,  a  poft  towii  in  W.  Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  containing  2404  inhabitants.  It 
lies  contiguous  to  ConnetSlicut,  1 2  miles  N 
of  Stamford,  and  35  N  E  of  th?  city  ojf 
N.  York.    Here  Governor  Jay  reOdes. 

Bedford  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  lies  on  Ju-. 
niatta  R.  has  part  pf  the  ftate  pf  Mary- 
land on  the  S,  and  Huntingdon  co.  N  and 
N  E.  It  contains  1^,039  inhabitants,  and 
is  divided  into  I2  townfhips.  Its  princi-< 
pal  mountains  are  Wills,  Evits,  Warrior's, 
and  Dunning's.  The  chief  waters  are 
Bay  ftown,  Will*  and  Licking  creek.  The 
vallies  are  rich,  extenfive  and  well  culti- 
vated. Limeftone  an4  iron  pre  abound 
in  many  places. 

Bedford,  a  poft  town  in  the  above  co. 
lies  on  the  S  tide  of  the  Rayftown  branch 
of  the  Juniatta,  25  miles  eaftward  of 
Berlin,  and  iio  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
f^|^larly  lai4  out ;  water  it  ^paveyed  in 


BEH 


•»• 


wooden  pipes  to  a  refervoir  in  the  mfd* 
die  of  the  town.  They  have  a  ftonef 
gaol ;  the  market  houfe,  court  houfe,  and; 
record  office,  are  built  of  brick.  Bedfor4 
was  incorporated  in  1795,  and  their  char- 
ter is  Hmilar  to  that  of  Chefter.  M  lat. 
40,  W  loA.  78  JO. 

Bedford  Co,  in  Virginia,  is  feparated  from 
that  of  Amherft  on  the  N  by  James  R.  hat 
Campbell  £,Botetourt  W,and  Franklin  co. 
S.It  is  34  mile8long,a5broad,andcontaint 
10,028  free  inhabitants,  and  4097  flaves. 
It  has  a  good  foil  and  is  agreeably  diverfi-. 
fied  with  hills  and  vallies.  In  fome  partt 
chalk  and  gypfum  h^ve  been  difcovered. 
Chief  town  Liberty.. 

Bedford,  a  village  on  the  Georgia  fide  of 
Savanna  river,  4  miles  above  Augufta. 

Bedmhifer,  a  town  in  Somerfet  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  about  20  miles  N  W  of  New 
Brunfwick,  a^d  the  fame  diftance  S  W  of 
Morriftown. 

Beef  Ifland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin  ifl-« 
ands,in  'he  W.  Indies,  fituated  between 
Dog  \y  on  the  W  and  Tortula  on  the  E. 
It  is  about  5  miles  long  and  i  broad,  i.l 
Sir  Francis  Drake's  Bay.  N  lat.  18  23, 
W  Ion.  63  2. 

Beekman,  a  confiderable   townfhip  \xi, 
Duchefs  CO.  N.  York,  £  of  Poughkeepfie. 
Behrhgs   Bay,  on    the   N   W  COaft  of 
Americans  of  Admiralty  Bay. 

Beirhg's  Straits,  feparate  Afia  from 
America,  and  are  fo  called  from  the  Ruf- 
fian navigator,  Capt.  Bchring,  who,  with 
Ilhirikow,  failed  from  Kamptfchatka,  in 
Siberia,  on  the  Afiatic  coaft,  in  queft  of 
the  New  World,  in  a  quarter  where  it) 
had,  perhaps,  never  been  approached. 
They  both  difcpvcred  land  within  a  few 
degrees  of  the  N  W  coaft  of  America. 
But  the  more  recent  difcoveriet  of  Capt. 
Cook,  and  his  fuccefibr,  Clarke,  have  con- 
firmed the  near  approximation  of  the 
two  continents.  Cape  Prince  of  Wales 
is  the  moft  wefterly  point  of  the  Ameri- 
can continent,  hitherto  known.  It  is  fit- 
uated in  N  lat.  65  46,  £  Ion.  191  45,  and 
is  39  miles  diftanl  from  the  caftern  coaft; 
of  Afia.  The  fea,  from  the  S  of  Bchring's , 
Straits,  to  the  crefcent  of  iiles  between, 
Afia  and  America,  is  very  {hallow.  It 
deepens  froni  thefe  ftraits  (as  the  Britifti 
fcas  do  from  Dover)  till  foundings  are 
loft  in  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  but  that  di^s. 
pot  take  place  but  to  ^he  8  of  the  ifles. 
Between  them  and  the  ftraits  is  an  in- 
creafefrpm  i»  to  54  fathoms,  except  on- 
ly  oft'  St.  Thaddeus  Nofs,  where  there  is 
achann9l  of  greater  depth.  From  the 
.1  '    volcanic 


*,.,. 


B-Eli 


BEN 


an  in- 
:pt  on- 

herc  is 
tm  the 
olcauic 


volcanic  difpofition,  it  has  been  judged 
probable,  not  only  that  there  was  a  repa- 
ration of  the  continents  at  thefe  flraits, 
but  that  the  whole  fpace  from  the  iflcs  to 
that  fmall  opening  had  once  been  dry 
land ;  and  that  the  fury  of  the  watery 
element,  a«fluated  by  that  of  fire,  had,  in 
very  remote  times,  fubvertcd  and  over- 
whelmed the  tradi,  and  left  the  iflands  to 
ferve  as  monumental  fragments.  The  fa- 
mous Japanefe  map  places  fome  iflands 
fcemingly  within  thefe  (lrait8,on  whichiit 
bellowed  the  title  of  Ta  Zue,  or  the  kingdom 
of  the  dwarfs.  This  gives  fome  reafon  to 
fuppofc  that  America  was  not  unknown  to 
the  Japanefe  ;  and  that  they  had,  as  is 
mentioned  by  Kxmpfer,  and  Charlevoix, 
made  voyages  of  difcovery  ;  and,  accord- 
ing to  the  iaft,  adlually  wintered  upon 
the  continent,  where  probably  meeting 
with  the  Efquimaux,  they  might,  in  com- 
parifon  of  themfelvcs,  and  jultly,  diftin- 
guifh  them  by  the  name  of  dwarfs, 

£eiia,  ov  Beeouya,  or  Bojuio,  a  fmall 
Britifh  ifland  among  the  Granadillas  ;  SS 
miles  N  £  of  Granada,  and  65  leagues 
from  Barbadoes.  It  was  called  Little 
Martinico  by  the  French,  and  has  a  fafe 
harbour  from  all  winds  jbut  no  frefli  wa- 
ter. It  is  only  frequented  by  thofe  who 
catch  turtle.  The  foil  produces  wild 
cotton,  and  plenty  of  water  melons. 

Btlair,  See  Beliaire. 

Belcher,  a  pod  town  in  Hampfliire  co. 
MafTachufetts,  containing  1878  inhabit- 
ants ;  12  miles  £  of  Hadley,and  85  Wof 
Bodon. 

Belez,  a  city  of  New  Grenada,  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America. 

Betfaji,  a  pod  town  and  bay  in  Hancock 
CO.  Mame,  both  fituated  in  what  is  called 
the  Waldo  Patent,  at  the  mouth  of  Penob- 
fcot  R.  and  on  its  weftern  fide ;  38  miles 
N  £  by  E  from  Hallowell,  and  728  from 
Wafhington.  The  Bay,  on  the  N  weftern 
part  of  which  the  town  Hands,  runs  up 
into  the  land  by  3  fliort  arms.  Iflef- 
borough  I.  lies  in  the  middle  of  it  and 
forms  two  channels  leading  to  the  mouth 
of  Penobfcot  R. 

Belfont,  a  pod  town  in  Centre  co.  Penn« 
fylvania,  259  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Belgrade,  a  townfhip  in  Kennebec  co. 
Maine,  12  miles  N  \V  of  Hallowell.  It 
lias  293  inhabitants. 

Belhaven,  the  former  name  of  Alexan- 
dria, in  Virginia. 

Bell  IJle,  an  idand  on  the  £  fide  of  the 
northern  part  of  Newfoundland  I.  E  of 
Canada  head ;  between  $0  4%  and  jo  jo, 


N  lat.  and  between  W  Ion.  ss  39  and  55 
46. 

Betluier,  or  Belair,  a  pod  town  Har- 
ford CO.  Maryland,  and  the  chief  of  th« 
county.  It  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
andMethodid  meeting  houfe,  and  is  thin- 
ly inhabited  ;  6  miles  N  W  of  Harford  j 
22  N  £  from  Baltimore,  86  W  S  W  from 
Philadelphia. 

Belle  Dune,  La,  or  Haiidfome  dmin,  a  long^ 
projedling,  barren  point,  en  the  fouthern 
fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  ^.bout  8  leagues  N  N 
W  of  Nipifighit,  w!icre  temporary  cod 
and  herring  fiflieri>'s  are  carried  on  by 
difTerent  people;  there  being  no  edab- 
liOied  trader  at  the  place. 

Belle  Jfle,  an  ifland  at  the  mouth  of  the 
draits  ot  this  name,  between  the  country* 
of  the  £fquimaux,  or  New  Britain,  and 
the  N  end  of  Newfoundland  I.  which 
draits  lead  into  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence 
from  the  N  £.  The  ifland  is  about  7 
leagues  in  circumference  ;  and  lies  16 
miles  from  the  ncarcd  land  on  the  coad 
of  Labrador,  or  New  Britain.  On  the 
N  W  fide  it  has  a  harbour  for  fidiing  vef- 
feU,or  fmall  craft  ;  and  on  the  £  point  it 
has  a  cove  which  will  admit  fhallops.  Lat. 
51  55  N,  Ion.  J5  30  W. 

Bellgrove,  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jerfey,  on 
the  road  to  Albany,  3  milts  northerly 
from  Brabant,  and  24  N  by  W  from  N. 
York  city. 

Bell'mgbam,  a  town  in  Norfolk-co.  Mada- 
chufetts,  containing  704  inhabitants  ;  20 
miles  northerly  from  Providence,  and  34 
S  W  from  Bofton. 

Bells  Mill,  a  fcttlement  in  N.  Carolina, 
near  the  Moravian  fettlemeots,  about  jo 
miles  W  of  Hillfborough. 

Belfre,  a  pod  town  on  the  N  W  bank  of 
Ohio  R.  between  the  Hockhocking  and 
Muflcingum  Rs.  and  oppo.1:e  the  mouth 
of  the  Little  Kanhaway;  about  14  miles 
below  Marietta. 

Bellville,A  j)oft  town  in  Mifflin  co.Penn- 
fylvania,  190  miles  from  Wafliington. 

BelviJere,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  cdi 
Vermont.  Alfo  a  pod  town  in  N.  Jerfey, 
Sudex  CO.  on  Delaware  R.  at  the  mouth 
of  Pequed  R.  and  1 1  miles  above  Eadon. 

Benedia,  a  pod  town  in  Charles  co.Ma- 
ryland,on  Patuxent  R.  oppofiteMackaH's 
Ferry  ;  W  from  Port  Tobacco  16  miles, 
47  E  from  Wafliiiiyton. 

Bennington,  a  county  in  the  S  W  corner 
of  ^'^crmunt,  divided  into  16  lownfliips, 
of  which  Bennington  and  Manchederare 
the  chief.  It  has  14,616  inhabitants,  all 
ftce.    The  mouctaiui  here  furnifli  iroa 


A' 


$ 


BER 

ikft  in  abKndance,  and  employ  already,  a 
Curaace  and  two^orgea. 

Bennington,  a  pleafant  pod  town  and 
icapital  of  the  above  cq.  and  the  largcft  in 
the  (late, having  about  ij;o  houfcs,  in  and 
(Dear  the  coinpaiSl:  part  of  the  town  ;  34 
piiies  N  £  from  Albany  ;  55  miles  Sfrom 
Rutland  ;  and  300  from  Piiiladeiplua.  N 
lat.  4%  42,  V^  luu.  74  10.  Dcuniugtoa  has 
fcveral  handl'onic  Imildingii.  Its  public 
edifices  are  a  congrcgation&'l  church  go- 
ing to  decay,  a  (latu  lu)ulc  Mid  gaol.  It 
i(  the  oldcft  town  in  the  ftatc,  having 
been  firft  Cettlcd  in  1 764,  and  is  flourifli- 
ing, containing  3283  inhabitants.  Mount 
Anthony  Tilici  very  high,  in  a  conicul 
form,  in  tbefouthcrn  part  of  the  town. 
The  houfcs  are  on  a  rich  tra<jt  of  land  ex- 
tending from  the  foot  of  ihis  mountain 
northward.  On  the  £  fide  of  this  moun- 
tain is  a  remarkable  cavern  confiiting  of 
feveral  apartments  froni  5  iu  50  feet  in 
lieight,  the  whole  extending  about  45 
yards  horizontally.  Two  famous  battles 
were  fought  4  or  5  milei  W  of  this  lown 
in  one  iday,  Aug.  16, 1777,  in  which  Gen. 
Stark  gained  great  fame  for  his  cool  val- 
our. The  Britifli  loft  4  brafs  field  pieces, 
and  other  military  ftores  .;  and  bcfide 
thofe  ilain,  700  were  taken  prifouers. 
The  killed  and  wounded  of  the  Americana 
wrcre  about  100  men.  This  defeat  con- 
tributed, in  a  great  nuafure,  to  thcfubfe- 
quent  furrcndcr  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army. 

Ben/on,  a  poft  town  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
tnoat,  on  the  £  fide  of  Lake  Champlain  ; 
57  miles  N  N  W  of  Bennington.  It  has 
X159  iohabitants. 

Bent  Creek,  a  poft  town  in  Buckingham 
£0.  Virginia,  X43  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Berabzan,  is  a  long  lake  in  New  North 
Walcs,which  with  the  waters  of  Shechary 
Lake,  form  Seal  R.  which  empties  into 
Hudfoo's  Bay  at  Churchill  Fort.  The  N 
«nd  of  Berabzan,  is  in  about  60  30  N  lat. 
and  in  93  50  W  Ion. 

Berbice,  a  Dutch  fcttlement  on  a  river 
•f  the  fame  name,  in  ^MnVioM,  which  fee 

BerLice,  or  Ber&eu,  i  n\er  in  Surinam, 
or  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  which  is 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and  two  fath- 
oms deep  at  its  mouth,  in  N  lat.  6  30. 
The  land  on  both  fides  is  low  and  woody, 
has  plenty  of  iofrwood  and  cotton. 

Bergen  Co.  in  N  Jcrfcv,  on  the  W  bank 
ftf  Hudfuii  R.  oppolite  N.  York,  and  was 
^rfl  planted. >)/  the  Dutch,  from  that  city. 
it  contains  6  towniliips,  of  which  the 
chief  are  firrgcn  and  Hackenfack,  and 
•fi,ist  inhabitants.    Htrc  are  7  Dutch 


BER. 

Calvinifl:  cliiirches,  and  a  of  Dutch  l/tm 
tlieraas.  There  is  a  copper  mine  in  this 
CO.  which,  when  worked  by  the  Schuyler 
family,  (to  whom  it  belonged)  was  con- 
fiderably  productive ;  but  it  has  been  neg- 
letfted  for  many  years.  It  is  a  mountain- 
ous, rough,  and  hilly  county,  30  miles 
long,  and  25  broad.  It  forms  part  of 
tlie  £  and  northern  end  of  the  (late ;  and 
its  N  \V  extremity  meets  the  N  £  part  of 
Suflex  cq.  fo  that  thcfc  two  counties  em- 
bofom  Morris  and  £frex  counties,  except 
on  the  S  W,  and  extend  from  Hudfon  to 
Delaware  river  algog  the  wlu>le  northern 
line  of  the  (late. 

SirgtM,  the  fliirc  town  of  the  above  co> 
is  furrouiuled  by  water,  except  on  the  N  ; 
tlic  river  Hudlou  fcparates  it  from  New 
York  city,  3  miles  diftant ;  on  the  S  a 
narrow  channel  lies  between  it  and  States 
I.  and  un  the  W  it  has  Hackenfack  R. 
The  inhabitants  arc  moftly  dclccndants 
from  the  Dutch  fettlers. 

Bergen  Ned,  is  the  fouthem  extrr,T.!  ; 
of  the  above  tov/nflup. 

BirkhcmJleaJ.     See  BarkbetnfeaJ, 
Berkley, a  townfliip  in  Briftol  co.  Maf    ' 
chufetts, containing  loi 3  inhabitants ;  4>.> 
;mile8  fouthward  of  Boflon. 

Berkley,  the  name  both  of  a  county  and 
town,  in  Cliarleflon  DiHriift,  S.  Carolina, 
fiear  Cooper  and  AHilty  Rivers. 

Berkley  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  W  of  the 
Kue  Ridge,  N  of  Frederic  co.  and  fepar- 
ated  from  the  (late  of  Maryland,  on  the 
N  and  £  by  Patowmac  R.  This  fertile 
county,  about  40  miles  long  and  20  broad, 
lias  14,894  free  inhubicunts,  and  3679 
(laves  Martiu^}urg  is  its  chief  town.  A 
poft  ofEce  is  kept  at  Berkley  Springs,  in  thi« 
CO.  104  miles  from  Wailiin^^iton. 

Berkley's  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Qnad- 
ras  Iflcs.  The  land  on  its  eaftern  fide  is 
oppofitc  Cape  Flattery,  and  forn\s  the  ^^ 
fide  of  the  Straits  de  Fuca. 

Berk't  Ce.  in  I'cuiifylvania,  has  North-, 
ampton  co.  on  the  N  £ ;  NorthuinbcrlancI 
on  the  N  W ;  part  of  Luaerne  on  the  N  j 
Dauphin  and  Luncafl:cr  counties  SW| 
and  Chcftcr  and  Montgomery  S  £.  It  is 
watered  by  Schuylkill  R  and  is  53  miles 
long,  and  near  29  broad,  containing 
1,030,400  a<;rca.  <  Here  iron  ore  and  coal 
are  found  in  plenty,  which  fupply  fcveral 
iron  works.  The  northern  parts  are 
rough  and  hilly.  Berks  contains  32,407 
inhabitants.  It  has  39  townfliips,  of  which 
Reading  is  the  chief  It  is  well  watered 
by  the  Schuylkill  and  its  branches. 
■  Merkjhir* 


\ 


C4. 


* 


BER 


as  Norths 

mbcrlan^ 

m  the  N  5 

ies  S  W I 

E.     his 

53  milci 

intaining 

and  coal 

y  feverai 

arts   are 

»  32.407 

of  wliicl) 

watered 

cs. 


Berifiire .Co.  MaflachufetM,  is  bounded 
yf  \)j  N.  York  (late ;  S  by  the  ftate  of 
Connedticut ;  Eby  Hampfliire  co.andN 
by  the  ftate  of  Vermonr.  U  runs'  the 
whole  extent  of  the  ftate  from  N  to  S,  and 
is  divided  into  a6  townfliips ;  the  chief  of 
which  arc  Stockbridge.Lcnoi, Great  Bar- 
rington,\Villtamftow.n,and  Pittsfield ;  the 
inhabitants  33,885.  White  and  clouded 
marble  ii>  found  in  fevcral  towns,  in  the 
rough  and  hilly  parts  of  this  county. 

Berijhire,  a  townftiip,  in  Frnnklin  cov 
Vermont,  between  Miftifque  river  and 
Canada  line. 

Sfrllit,  a  neat  and  flourifliing  poft  town 
of  Adams  co.  PcnnfylTania,  containing 
about  100  houfes.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Conewago  *.  reek, 
13  miles  weftcrly  of  Yorktown,  and  10  r 
W  of  Philadelphia.     N  lat.  39  56. 

Berlin,  A  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  S  fide  of  Onion  R.  oppofitc 
Montj^elier,  Berlin  contains  684  inhali- 
itants,  and  is  about  30  miles  N  E  of  Mid- 
dlebury. 

Bfrlin,  a  poft  town  in  Hartford  co.  Con- 
nc<£licut,  10  miles  S  S  W  of  Hartford,  34 
NNEof  New  Haven. 

Berlin,  a  townfliip  in  Worccfter  co. 
Maflachurett3,containtng3  90  inhabitants; 
.•^4  miles  W  of  Bofton,  and  14  N  E  of 
Worccfter.  Hops  have  been  cultivated 
here  lately,  and  promifc  to  be  a  valuable 
article  of  hulbandry. 

Berlin,  in  Somcrfct  co.  Pennfylvanja, 
Jies  on  a  branch  of  Stony  Creek,  a  S  wa- 
iter of  Conemaugh  R.  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountain  ;  45  wiles  weftward 
4)f  Bedford ;  23  N  W  of  Fort  Cumberland, 
in  Virginia,  and  200  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  300  inhabitants.     N  lat.  39  54. 

Bermuda  Hundred,  or  City  Point,  as  it  !s 
-ibmetimes  called,  is  a  port  of  entry  and 
poft  town,  in  Chcfterfield  co.  Virginia,  fit- 
uatcd  on  the  point  of  the  peninfula,  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  the  Appamattox 
with  James  R.  36  miles  wefterly  from 
Williamfburg,  64  from  Point  Comfort,  in 
Chefapeak  Bay,  and  315  S  W  by  S  from 
-Philadelphia.  City  Point,  from  which  it 
■is  named,  lies  on  the  fouthern  bank  of 
J^mes  R.  4  miles  S  S  W  from  this  town. 
The  exports  from  this  pl.iee,  chiefly  col- 
ledled  at  Richmond,  20  milss  above  it, 
amounted  in  1794,  to  the  value  of  773,549 
dollars.  There  are  about  40  houfes  here, 
including  fome  warchoufes.  It  trades 
chiefly  with  the  W.  Indies,  and  the  difter- 
ent  ftates.  Citv  Point,  in  James  R.  lies  in 
H  lat.  J  7  1 6,  W  Ion.  7  7  3 1^  ice  Rithumml. 


Bermuda  IJlanJt.  Thefe  received  rfil* 
name  from  the  difcoverer,  John  Bermu'' 
das,  a  Spaniard ;  and  were  called  Som-^ 
mer's  Ifles,  from  Sir  George  Soipmcrs;' 
who  was  fliipwreckcd  on  their  rocks  in* 
1609,  in  his  paflage  to  Virginia.  Tlie' 
number  of  this  dufber,  in  the  form  of  a 
fhepherd's  crook,  has  been  computed  t» 
be  about  400,  diftant  from  the  land's  end" 
in.  England,  T500  leagues,  from  the  Ma- 
deiras I200,  from  Hifpaniola  400,  and 
aoo  from  Gape  Hatteras  in  Carolina, 
which  taft  is  the  nearcft  laud  to  tbem^ 
The  ilLinds  are  walled  with  rucks  i  and 
by  reafon  of  thefe,  together  with  fhoalss 
are  difficult  to  approach.  The  entrance* 
into  the  harbours  and  channels  ave  nar- 
row as  well  as  flioaly,  and  arc  more  dan- 
gerous by  reafon-of  the  ftrong  current 
which  fcts  to  the  N  E  from  the  gulf  of 
Florida.  They  coc  tain  from  i  S'  to  1 3,00^ 
acres  of  poor  land,  of-  which  9  parts  in 
10  are  either  uncultivated,  or  rcfcrved  in 
woods,  which  confift  chiefly  of  cedar,  for 
the  fupply  of  fliip-buildingi  There  arte 
about  400  acres  laid  out  in  cotton.  The 
main  ifland  is  about  16  miles  long,  and 
from  one  to  two  in  breadtti.  The  parifh 
of  St.  George's,  is  an  I.  to  the  caftward  of 
the  main  land.  In  which  flands  the  town 
of  St.  George's,  containing  about  500 
houfes.  Contiguous  to  that  is  St.  David's- 
I.  which  fupplies  the  town  with  pro^if- 
ions.  The  air  is  healthy,  and  a  continu'»i' 
fpring  prevails  ;  and  niqft  of  the  produc- 
tions of  the  W.  Indies  might  be  cultivate^ 
here.  The  hoults  are  built  of  a  foft 
ftonc,  which  is  fawn  like  tir.iber,  hut  be- 
ing waflied  with  lime,  it  becomes  hard; 
thefe  ftones  are  greatly  in  rcqueft  through* 
out  the  W.  Indies,  for  filtrating  water. 
The  houfes  arc  white  as  fnow  j  which, 
beheld  from  an  eminence,  contrafted  with 
the  grecunefs  of  the  cedars,  and  paftur^ 
ground,  and  the  multitude  of  iflands  full 
in  view,  realize  what  the  poets  have 
feigned  of  the  Elyfian  Fields.  Some  ac- 
counts fay  that  thefe  iHands  contain  from 
15  to  20,000  inhabitants ;  but  Mr.  Ed» 
wards  fays  the  number  of  white  people 
is  546*,  of  blacks  4919.  Old  writers ob- 
ferve  that  there  were  3000  Englifli  in 
thefe  iflands,  in  1623.  300  or  400  g* 
annually  to  Turks  I.  to  rake  fait,  which 
is  carried  to  America  for  provifions,  of 
fold,  to  fuch  as  may  call  for  it  there,  fop 
cafli.  The  Bermudians  are  chiefly  fea» 
faring  men,  and  the  negroes  are  very 
expert  mariners.  In  the  late  war,  therp 
were  at  east  time  betvaca  i  j  and  %o  pri. 


■  ? 


T* 


1' 


,:m 

1 

*  'M 

fill 

^  Ifl 

IP 

i  s 

1  ifiH 

■!  li 

1 

steers  fitted  out  hencr,  \rhlch  were  maii- 
iied  by  negro  Haves,  who  behaved  irrc- 
ftroachably  ;  and  fuch  is  the  (late  of 
flavery  here,  and  fn  much  are  they  at- 
tached to  their  mafters,  that  fuch  as  were 
captured  always  returned  wben  it  was  in 
their  power ;  a  finguUr  inftance  of  which 
Occurred  in  the  ftate  of  Maifachufctts. 
The  rtlip  Regulator,  a  privateer,  was  car- 
tied  into  Bodon,  and  had  76  flaVes  oh 
hoard :  60  of  them  returned  in  a  flag  of 
tnrce,  9  returned  by  way  of  1^.  York ;  one 
only  was  miffing,  who  died.  The  gov- 
ernment is  condudted  under  a  governor, 
named  by  the  BritiHi  crown,  i  council, 
and  a  general  aflembly.  There  are  9 
churches,  of  which  3  clergymen  have  the 
charge  ;  and  there  is  one  Prefliyterian 
church.  In  the  late  Eurppean  war,  the 
taumeroils  cruifers  from  Bermudas,  un- 
warrantably captured  numbers  of  Amer- 
ican vefTels,  loaded  with  provifions  or 
naval  (lores,  bound  for  French,  and  other 
|>orts,which  were  iniquitoudy  condemned. 

Sernard's  Say,  lies  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  The  paffage  into  it, 
between  feveral  illands.  is  called  Pafco  dc 
Cavallo. 

Btrnardfiovin,  in  Somcrfet  co.  N.  Jerfey. 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  town(hip  iti  Hamp- 
shire CO.  MafTachufetts ;  diftant  1 10  miles 
wedward  from  Bodon. 

Berne,  A  toWnfliip  in  Albany  ca  NcW 
York*  By  the  fiate  cenfus  Of  1 796,  it  ap- 
pears there  are  447  of  the  inhabitants  who 
*re  eledlors. 

Berry  IJtandt,  a  fmall  clufter  of  ifles  on 
tbe  N  W  point  of  the  Great  Bahama 
Bank,  in  the  channel  of  Providence.  N 
iat.  «5  30,  W  Ion.  75  40. 

Bertie,  a  maritime  co.  in  N.  Carolina,  in 
Sdcnton  diilridl,  with  the  Roanoke  its  S 
boundary,  and  Albemarle  Sound  on  the 
E.  In  it  is  (ituated  the  ancient  Indian 
tower  of  Tufcarora.  It  contains  10,998 
fouls,  of  which  number  5387  are  flavcs. 

Bertie,  a  townfliip,  in  Lincoln  co  U. 
Canada,  on  the  weft  (ide  of  Niagara  river, 
fbuth  of  Willoughby,  and  open  to  L.  Erie. 

Berwick,  or  ALbotJlotvn,  a  neat  town  in 
York  CO.  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head  of 
Conewago  Creek,  13  miles  weft  ward  of 
York,  a6  S  S  W  of  Harrilburgh,  and  103 
W  by  S  of  Philadelphia.  The  town  is 
jregularly  laid  out,  and  contains  about  100 
houfes,a  German  Lutheran,  and  aCalvin- 
ift  church.     N  Ut.  39  54. 

Bertvick,  a  poft  town  of  Luzerne  co. 
Pennrylvania,a34  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Berviifk,  or  Nnu*B*rvtitk,  a  fmall  town 


%t*i 


45 


bf  tforthumberland  co.  Peonfylvania,  on 
the  N  weftem  fide  of  the  E  branch  of  Su'f^ 
quehannah  R.  nppofite  Nefcopeck  Falls) 
and  Nefcopeck  Creek,  33^  miles  NE  from 
Northumberland  and  Sunbury,  at  the 
jundlion  of  the  E  with  the  W  branch  of 
Sufquehannah,  and  160  N  W  of  Philadel-^ 
phia.  N  Iat.  41  3.  The  plan  of  the  towil 
IS  regular,  contains  about  70  dwellings,  a 
German  Lutheran  and  Calvinift  church. 

Beribiek,  a  poft  tOwn  in  York  co.  Maine, 
containing  3891  inhabitants.  It  has  an 
incorporated  academy,  and  lies  on  the  E 
fide  of  Salmon  Fall  R.  7  miles  N  W  of 
York,  and  86  £  of  N  from  Boftoui 

Betbabara,  the  firft  fettlement  of  the 
Moravians  in  the  lands  of  Wachovia,  in 
N.  Carolina,  begun  id  1753 ;  6  miles  N  of 
Salem,  and  183  W  of  Halifax,  in  N  Iat.  %6 
9.  It  is  fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  6rafly 
Creek,  which  unites  with  the  Gargales, 
and  feveral  others,  and  falls  into  the  Yad- 
kin. It  contains  a  church  of  the  United 
Brethren,  and  about  50  dwelling  houfes. 

Bethany,  or  Betbania,  a  Moravian  fettle 
ment  and  poft  town,  in  Stoke's  co.  N.Caro' 
lina,  begun  ini76o;  9  miles  NWof  Salem, 
4  N  W  of  Betbabara,  and  380  S  W  by  S 
of  Wafliington.  It  contains  about  60 
houfes,  and  a  church,  built  on  a  regular 
plan.     See  Wachovia. 

Bethel,  a  fmall  Moravian  feUleiheiit  on 
Swetara  R.  in  Pennfylvania,  la  miles  from 
Mt.  Joy.    A  townfliip  in  Dauphin  co. 

Beibeft  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  473  inhabitants ;  N  N 
W  of,  and  bounded  by  Stockbridge,  and 
about  67  miles  N  N  eafterly  of  Benning- 
ton. It  gives  rife  to  a  fmall  branch  of 
White  River. 

Betbel,3i  townfliip  in  Delaware  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Bethel,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine,  lying 
moftly  on  the  S  fide  of  Great  Amcreflcog- 
gen  River.  A  fmall  and  narrow  ftrip 
however  lies  on  the  N  fide  adjoining  Rum- 
ford,  N  eafterly. 

Bethlehem,  A  tavin  in  Albany  co.  N.York, 
very  fruitful  in  p^ftures,  and  makes  large 
quantities  of  excellent  butter.  By  the 
ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  388  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  elc<fIors. 

Bethlehem,  a  townfliip  in  Berkfliire  CO. 
Malfachufetts,  having  488  inhabitants. 
It  lies  about  10  miles  S  of  £  from  Stock- 
bridge,  10  from  Lenox,  and  130  from 
Boftun.  It  borders  on  Tyringham  and 
and  Loudon. 

Bethlehem,  a  townfl\ip  in  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  fituated  at  the  htad  of  the,S 

braochi 


fie,  &c. 


BEU 


BIG 


brancli  of  Rariton  River.     Turf  for  &  ring 
is  found  here.  .  ,     ,  _ 

BetlLiiem,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  co. 
Connc<Slicut,  joins  Litch£eld  on  tlic  N, 
and  Woodbury  on  the  S. . 

Bethlehem,  a  poft  town  in  Northampton 
qb.  Pcimfylvaiiia,  U  a  celebrated  Icttlc- 
ment  of  the  Moravians,  or  UniteJ  JJrttb' 
wB.of  the  Proteftant  Epil'copal  church,  as 
they  term  themfelvcs.  It  is  fituated  on 
Lebigii  R.  a  weftern  branch  of  the  Dela- 
ware, 53  miles  northerly  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  i8  foutherly'from  the  IVind 
Cap.  The  town  Aands  partly  on  the 
lower  banks  of  the  Manakes,  a  tine  creek, 
which  affords  trout  and  other  fifti.  The 
fituation  is  healthful  and  pleafant,  aiid  in 
fummer  is  frequented  by  gentry  from 
different  parts.  It  has  800  inhabitants. 
Befide  the  meeting  houfe,  are  3  other 
public  buildings,  large  and  fpaCious ;  obe 
for  the  linglc  brethren,  one  for  the  fingle 
ilflers,  and  the  other  for  the  widows. 
The  literary  e(iablin\ments,  as  well  as  the 
religious  regulations,  here,  deferve  notice. 
In  a  honfe  adjoining  to  the  church,  is  a 
fchool  for  females  ;  and  fince  1787,  a 
boarding  fchool  for  young  ladies,  who  arc 
fent  here  from  different  parts,  and  arcin- 
firuAcd  in  reading  and  writing  (in  the 
Englifli  and  Cermaii  tongues)  grammar, 
arithmetic,  geography,  needle  work,  mu- 
fic,  &c.  The  miniftcr  of  the  place  has 
the  difecSkion  of  this  as  well  as  of  the 
boys'  fchool,  which  is  kept  in  a  feparate 
houfe,  where  they  are  initiated  in.  the 
fundamental  branches  of  literature.  Thefe 
fchools,  efpecially  that  for  the  young  la- 
dies, are  defervedly  in  vety  high  repute  ; 
and  fcbolars,  more  than  can  be  accommo- 
dated, are  offered  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  There  is  at  the  lower  part 
of  the  town  a  machine,  of  fimple  conflruc- 
tion,  which  raifes  the  water,  from  a  fpriug, 
into  a  rcfervoir,  to  the  height  of  loc  feet ; 
whence  it  is  conducted  by  pipes  ir;to  the 
feveral  ftreets  of  the  town.  There  is  a 
genteel  tavern  at  the  N  end  of  the  town, 
the  profit  arifing  from  which,  belongs  to 
the  fociety.  There  is  alfo  a  ftore,  with  a 
gentral  aflbrtment  of  goods,  an  apothe- 
cary's fhop,  a  large  tanyard,  a  currier's, 
and  a  dyer's  flicp,  a  grift  mill,  a  fulling 
mill,  an  oil  mill,  and  a  faw  mill,  and  on 
the  banks  of  the  Lehigh,  a  brewery.  N 
Jat.  40  37,  Wlon.  75  14. 

Bethlehem,  a  port  town,  Southampton  co, 
Virginia,  119  miles  from  Wafliington. 

£e>if,  Hevicre  au,  empties  eaftwardly  in- 
to Miffifippi  R,  in  N  lat.  39  4 ;  about  48 
Vot.  I.  F 


miles,  by  the  courfe  of  the  river,  above 
tie  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  and  7  miles  S 
frum  Riviere  Oahali.i. 

Jieuf,  Small  Lt.     tee  Le  Boeuf. 

^.-wr/y,a  poft  town  in  EiTcx  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  containing  3881  inhabitants,  is 
feparated  from  Salem  by  a  handfome 
bridge,  and  is  about  15  miles  E  of  N  of 
Bollon,  and  J2  S  W  of  Ncv/buryport.  It 
has. four  pariflics.  In  the  p:Hri.ilics  next 
the  harbour,  arc  a  number  ol'  handiome 
houfes,  exhibiting  the  cliecving  reward* 
of  eutcrpiife  and  induftry,  and  the  inhab- 
itants are  devoted  to  the  fiftieiy  and  other 
branches  of  navigation.  In  the  other 
part  of  the  town,  which  is  chiefly  agrictrl- 
tural,  is  a  cotton  nianufadtory.  The 
bridge,  mentioned  before,  is  1500  feet  ia 
length,  ereiSledin  17S8,  and  connedls  this 
town  with  Salem.  It  has  a  draw  for  veffels. 

Beverly,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  U.  Can- 
ada, W  of  Flamborough,  oppofite  Dundas 
ftreet. 

BihL's  Ferry,  in  Charlotte  co.  Virginia, 
where  a  poft  office  is  kept,  251  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Buddies,  a  fettlemcnt  on  a  branch  of 
Licking  R.  in  Bourbon  co.  Kentucky  ; 
about  6  miles  N  W  from  Millers,  on  the 
N  E  fide  of  the  fame  branch,  and  32  mile* 
N  N  £  from  Lexington. 

BidJeford,a.  port  of  entry  and  poft  town 
in  York  co.  Dlftridl  of  Mnine,  on  the  t» 
W  fide  of  Saco  R.  on  the  fea  coaft,  14 
miles  S  \V  from  Portland,  34  N  E  froiu 
York,  and  105  from  Bofton.  It  contains 
1296  inhabitants  ;  here  the  county 
courts  arc  held,  as  likcwil'e  at  York.  N 
lat.  43  26. 

Bieque  Jfiani,  or  Bor'tquen,  or  Craht  Tfli, 
one  of  the  Virgin  Illes,  a  leagues  fronv 
Porto  Rico,  6  leagues  long,  and  a  broad. 
The  Englifli  fettled  here  twit;e,  and  have 
been  driven  away  by  the  Spaniards,  whole 
intereft  it  is  to  let  it  remain  defolaie.  Ic 
has  a  rich  foil,  and  a  good  road  on  its  S 
fide.     Lat    182  N,  Ion.  64  30  W. 

Big  Bene  Creek,  in  Woodford  co.  Ken- 
tucky, falls  into  the  Ohio  from  the  E,  in 
about  N  lat.  39  17,  W  Ion.  85  54.  It  is 
very  fmall  in  lize,  and  has  3  branches  ; 
thcN  wefternnioft  interlocks  with  Bank 
Lick  Creek,  which  falls  inco  Licking  R. 
It  is  only  noticeable  for  the  large  bones, 
and  fait  licks  near  it. 

Bi^  Bene  Licit,  The,  lie  on  each  fide  of 
the  abovementioned  ci  eek,  a  little  bcJow 
the  juudlion  of  the  two  eaflern  hianches, 
aijcut  8  miles  from  the  mouth  ot  the  creek. 
Thtfc,  as  alfo  the  other  fait  fprings,  in  the 

wcftera 


i  ; 


I. 


BIO 

"\Tfflorn  country,  -re  cailctl  .L!ci',hccn\\(e 
tne  cHftli  al)()iu  tlicin  is  t'urrowetl  up  in  a 
iiiofl  curious  iv.:iniu;r,  by  ihcbuffjlocs  and 
deer  which  lick  the  t:uth,  on  account  of 
the  falVne  particles  wiih  whicli  it  is  im- 
pregnated. A  (trc;tm  of  brackifli  water 
ruHi  through  thvjlc  licks,  thr  loil  of  which 
is  a  loft  clay.  'I'lc  large  b'mes  found 
here,  and  in  fcv.  ral  other  places  next  fait 
licks,  and  in  low  ttjft  grounds,  thougiit  to 
h';long  to  the  n\amiiioth,  ftltl  ^Mizzle  the 
moft  learned  naturalilh  to  determine  to 
what  nnimal  ihcy  have  hdoiiged'.  A  thigh 
bone  found  here  by  Gen,  Parfoiis,  rtreaf- 
\xrcA  forty  fiiiie  inches  in  tcnpth-.  A  tooth 
of  this  animal  is  depoffiedlin  Y'.ife  Col  lege. 
Mr.  JclFerfori,  who  ll-ems  tcr  have  exam- 
ined the  Ikeleton  of  one  of  thefe  animals 
with  curious  attention,  fays,  that  "  The 
bones  befpeak  an  aniniilt  o^  ftve  or  fix 
t'litics  the  cubic  vohr.nc  oi'  an  elephant," 
as  M.  BufFon  hasadmittt;!.  Of  this  animaf 
the  natives  have  no  tradition,  but  what  \s 
i'o  fabiHoui,  tliat  no  conicd.ure  can  be  aid- 
ed by  it,  except  that  the  animal  was  car- 
nivorous ;  and  tliis  is  the  general  opinion, 
and  was  admihtd  by  tlit  late  Dr.  Hun- 
ter, of  London,  iroin  iu\  examination  of 
the  lulko,  &c. 

B  g  E.:,ly  Grove,  in  LivintrfFoiT  co.  Ken- 
tucky. A  poll  olRce  is  cflaUliflied  here, 
Sn  milcirfrom  Walliinj^ton. ' 

if'if  J'lttitcj,  in  Raii(lo!ph  co.  Indiana 
Teifitoi  y,  whtro  is  a  poll  ollkc,  933  milts 
from  V^'alhington. 

Jiig  Hill  Cr.ri,  runs  W  into  Kafkafkias 
R.  2  5  miles  below  Beaver  Creek,  17  above 
Blind"(l;rcck,and  26  northerly  from  the 
niouch  of  Kaikaikias. 

-^'.??"'  Shvamf).  See  F!nnt!C  Jfivrr. 
•  B'l,;  Roct,  A  large  rock  on  the  S  E  bank 
of  Au  Vazc  R.  about  3  miles  NE  from 
fts  mouth  hi  the  Mlfllfippi,  and  about  8 
miles  S  E  from  Cape  St.  Antonio,  on  that 
river. 

Bh^  Rm-t'  'B'-.inch,  the  N  eaftcrn  head 
branch  o'f  Alleghany  R.  The  branch 
called  Big  Hole  Town  joins  it,  and  forms 
the  Alleghany,  85  miles  M  li  from,  and 
above,  Venango  Fort. 

B'l^  S.ili  LHk,A  garrifon  in  the  Hate  of 
TcnelFee,  near  tlie  Salt  Lick,  on  Cumber- 
land R.  11.7  miles  from  Knoxvilh  ;  80 
tVom  S.  W.  Point,  on  Clinch  R.  32  from 
Blfdroc  Lick,  and  68  from  Nafliville. 

B'lr' Sandy  Riv.-r,  or  Tottervy,  has  its 
fource  near  that  of  Cumberland  R.  and, 
I'cparating  Virginia  from  Kentucky,  emp- 
ties into  the  Ohio,  oppofite  the  French 
Putchaftf  of  Oaliopoliijin  about   N  lat. 


BIR 

38  30.  Vancouver's  and  Harmar's  forty 
Hand  on  this  river.  On  its  banks  arc 
Several  I'alt  licks  and  fprings.  Little  Sant/y,- 
is  a  flmrt.finall  river,  which  falls  into  the 
Ohio,  about  20  miles  W  of  Big  Sandy  R.. 
in  Mafon  co.  Kentucky. 

Bitli-rica,  a  pofV  (Own  in  Middlefexcoi 
Mad'achuleits,  incnrporated  in  1655.  It 
has  1383  inhabitants ;  nor  has  there  betn- 
much  variation  in  the  number  for  half  a 
century.  It  lies  ao  miles  northward  of 
Cofton,  and  is  watered  by  C(mcord  and 
Shawtliecn  rivers,  which  run  N  eafterly 
into  Merrimack  River. 

Bitlin^^sport,  on  Delaware  River,  lies  iz 
miles  below  Pluladelphia,  was  fortified  in 
the  late  war,  for  the  defence  of  the  chan- 
nel. Oppofite  this  fort,  fevcral  large 
frames  of  timber,  headed  with  iron 
fpikes,  called  chevaiix  de  frizes,  were  funk 
to  prevent  the  BritiHi  fliips  from  palBng. 
.Since  the  peace,  a  curious  machine  haS- 
bcen  invented  in  Philadelphia,  to  raifc 
them. 

Billet.     See  Hjthrmij^h. 
Billymead;  in    Caledonia   co.    in   Ver- 
mont, 25  miles  N  of  Barnet. 

Bimiiii  I/i'c,  (me  of  the  Bahama  iflands, 
near  tiie  channel  of  Bahama,  and  E  of 
Cape  Florida.  It  is  about  8  miles  ire 
length,  and  as  much  in  breadth  ;  covered 
v.'ith  trees,  and  inhabited  by  the  aborig- 
ines of  America.  It  is  very  diflicult  of 
arccli,  on  account  of  the  flioah  ;  but  is  a 
pleafanl  place,  and  is  faid  to  have  a  good 
haibour.     N  lat.  25, W  Ion.  79  30. 

Binirooi,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co.  U. 
Canada,  between  Salt  fleet,  Glandford, 
and  Caiftor. 

B'wbio,  or  Skphio,  a  rFvcr  in  Chili,  the 
largeft  in  that  kinndom.  It  rifes  in  the 
Andes,  enters  the  S.  Sea  near  the  city  of 
Conception,  oppofite  the  iflc  of  .'Vvequi- 
rina,  in  lat.  37  S;  running  through  veins 
of  gold  and  fields  of  farlaparilla.  It  is 
the  boundary  between  the  Spaniards  and 
fevcral  Indian  nation?,  their  enemies  ; 
which  obliges  them  to  keep  ftrong  garri- 
foii^  upon  it. 

B'lnh,  a  ftream  about  20  miles  long, 
which  falls  into  the  Penobfcot  on  its  W 
fi(I(?,  in  Townfliip  No.  4,oppofuc  Orfon's 
Ifland,  about  3  miles  above  the  Great 
Falls,  and  nearly  oppofite  Sunkharc 
River. 

Bird  Frrt,  on  Monongahela  R.  40  miles 
S  of  Fort  Fitr. 

Birds  Key.',  a  rock  or  flland  among  the 
Virgin  iflcs  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  round, 
and  lies  -.ibaut  i  leagues  S  of  St.  John's.  It 


las  Its 
T/hich 
63  20. 
Birti, 
in  the ' 
habited 
Mulatt 
tile«  an( 
the  rivi 
tanrcs  ; 


irmar's  foits^ 
I  banks  arc 
Little  Sani/y,. 
\i\\i  into  the 
lig  Sandy  R.. 

4id(11efexcOi 
in  165.5.  '' 
IS  there  been 
;;r  for  lialf  a 
orthward  of 
Oncord  and' 
n  N  caftcrly 

Liver,  lies  ii 
sfortiiied  in 
of  the  chan- 
rveral  large 
with  iron 
s,  were  funk 
rom  palling, 
riachine  ha^ 
>iia,  to  raife 


:o.    in  Ver- 

ama  idand!:, 
la,   and  E  of 

8  miles  in 
th  ;  covered 

the  ahorig- 

difiicult  of 
ih  ;  but  is  a 
have  a  good 
79  30. 

coin  CO.  ir. 

Glandford, 

Chili,  the 

rifes  in  the 

the  city  of 

Avcqui- 

rough  veins 

ilia.     It  is 

aniards  and 

enemies  ; 

rong  garri- 


of 


miles  long, 
on  its  W 
fuc  Orfon's 
the  Great 
Sunkharc 

R.  40  miles 

amonjT  the 

It  is  round, 

Jdhn's.   It 

k3» 


B  I.  A 

las  its  name  from  the  quantities  of  birds  , 
T/I»ich  refort  there.     N  lat.  17  5J,  W  Ion.  | 

Biru,  a  town  10  leagues  from  Truxilla,  ! 
in  the  >'.  Sea,  in  the  empire  of  Peru;  in- 
habited by  about  80  Indians,  Spaniards, 
Mulattoes,  and  Mellccs.  It  is  very  fer- 
tile, and  well  watered  4»y  canals  cut  from 
the  river,  and  f«  conveyed  to  great  tliX- 
tanres  ;  as  'i'ruxilla.  S  lut.  8  24,  W 
It        9  £ , 

'■ay  Bay  1  the  N  eaftern  corner  ' 
Trcpalfey  Bay  in  tlieiflandof  Newfound- 
land ;  which  lies  in  the  S  caAcrn  part  of 
the  ifl;«nd. 

.fl//Iav,  a  province  of  Mexico,  abound- 
ing in  iiJver  mines,  having  N.  Mexico  on 
the  N,  and  Florida  on  tlic  W.  Tlvc  river 
.de  la  NalTas  runs  through  a  great  part 
of  it. 

Black  LIci,  lies  in  Weftmoreland  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  about  36  miles  K  of  I'ittf- 
'burgh. 

Blaci  Point,  and  Bine  Point,  are  capes 
\(rithin  thofe  of  £1izal>eth  and  Porpoifc, 
in  the  Diltrid:  of  Maine. 

Bloii  X.  There  are  two  fmall  rivers 
of  this  name  in  Vermont,  one  falls  into 
iConncdticut  R.  at  Springfield,  the  otlier 
runsN  into  Lake  Mcmphremagog. 

Blaei  R.  in  N.  York,  rifes  near  the 
northern  branches  of  the  Mohawk.  Its 
<ourfe  is  firft  S  W,  then  N  W  within  30 
miles  of  Fort  Stanwix,  where  it  receives 
Moofc  River  from  the  E.  As  tliey  unite 
they  rulTi  over  a  precipice  63  feet  per- 
pendicular into  a  broad  bafon,  thence  it 
^ireAs  its  courfe  N  N  W,  a  ftill  and  wide 
ftrtam,  4a  mrles,  where  it  has  an  inconlid- 
erable  fall,  thence  it  turns  W,  and  after  a 
courfe  of  zs  milts  of  continued  falls  and 
rapids,  it  enters  Hungry  b.iy  20  miies 
above  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Black  R.  in  N.  York,  rifing  inOfwegat- 
chic  Lake,  which  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
60  miles  below  its  outlet  from  Lake  On- 
tario. 

Black  R,  a  long  river  which  rifes  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  pafles  fouth  eafterJy  into  Nol- 
tdway  R.  in  N.  Caiolina. 

Black  Rivnr,  a  Britifli  fettlcnieut  aX  the 
mouth  of  Tinto  R.  30  leagues  to  the  E 
of  Cape  Honduras,  the  only  harbour  on 
the  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  from  the  iiJand 
x)f  Rattan  to  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  and  was 
for  more  than  60  years  the  refuge  of  the 
logwood  cutters.whenthcSpaiiiaids  drove 
them  from  the  forefts  of  E.Yucatan,  which 
f>ccarioned  adventurers  of  dilFercnt  kinds 
tuftttlc  here,  where  tJic  coillisfiiiidy,lo\v 


IM.  A 

and  fw,impy  ;  higher  up  near  the  rivers 
and  lagoons,  wliich  are  full  of  filli,  the 
I'oil  is  more  f(--itile,  and  produces  plau- 
tiuics,  cocoa  trtcs,  maize,  yams,  potatoes, 
an<l  v.aritty  of  vc'i;ctal)lc>  ;  uiul  the  palVion 
for  drinking  f[)iiit-.,  ni.ide  tlieni  plant  lu- 
g:ir  canes.  'I'iie  forcits  are  full  of  deer,. 
Mexican  fwine  and  game,  'i'he  fliorts 
abound  with  turtle,  and  the  woods  with 
mahognny,  zchrawood,  farfaparilla,  &.c. 
^uff  indeed  the  whole  ftttK-mv^nt  (lourillits 
.,H)iitane(uil'v  "-ithout  cultivation. 

JUiick  R,  in  the  illand  -of  Jamaica,  pjifTi  ■< 
lhr()u_^h  a  level  country,  is  tlie  deeped  and 
largell  in  the  ill.iTnl,  ;nid  will  admit  flat 
bottomed  boats  and  canoes  for  about  30 
milts. 

Llickbmn  Sfiin^s,  in  Jackfon  CO.  Ttn- 
elTee,  where  a  port  oflicc  is-kt^t,  655 
njilcs  from  A\'afliingt()n. 

Black  Sivai/ifi,  in  St.  Peter's  parifli,  .S-. 
Carolina,  where  a  pod  oflice  is  kept,  63* 
nulcs  from  WuHiington. 

BlaciP'xi!^  n  fmrtll  tiver  which  has  its 
fource  in  Ramlliorn  pond, in  S.i!tton,  Maf- 
fachuletiSjand  aftcripaJl'ing  through  Prov- 
i<lence,  empties  into  Karraga^ifet  Bay  at 
Briftol,  receiving  in  its  courlc  a  number 
of  tributary  flreams. 

Blactivat;'ry-A.  place  in  the  S  part  of  Vir- 
giniaion  a  river  of  the  name,  which  unites 
with  the  Nottaway.  Here  the  Friends 
hold  a  yearly  meeting. 

Black  Crcik,  a  weftcrn  water  of  Ningart 
river,  palling  through  the  town  of  \ViU 
loughhy  above  Chippewa.    ..    " 

Biailen,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Wil- 
mington dillriol.  It  has  6963  inhabitants', 
including  2278  ilaves.  ,        • 

Bladevjhirg^h,  a  pott  town  ill  Prince 
George  co  Maryland,  on  the  calteni  bank 
of  the  caflern  branch  of  Pato^vmack  R.  at 
tljc  confluence  of  the  N  W  and  N  K 
brani,lie€;  6  miles  from  Wafliington  ;  38 
S  W  from  Baltimore,  and  12  N  E  from 
Alexandria, in  Virginia.  It  contains  about 
160  houfes,  and  h  wareboufc  for  the  in- 
i'pcction  of  tobacco. 

Biaize,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  W.  Florida, 
in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  a  promontory 
which  feparatcs  the  bay  of  AjjaLehe  on 
the  E  from  that  of  .St.  Jolcph  ;  into  which 
Lilt  it  turns  in  the  Ihape  of  a  Ihcpherd'ts 
crook. 

Blanca,  a  river  in  the  province  of  Clii- 
dpa,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  in  New 
Spain,  N.  America.  Its  water  is  faid  to 
have  a  petrifying  quality,  yet  is  clear, 
and  does  no  harm  to  niau  or  beuA  that 
drinkij  of  it. 

BUm' 


BLE 

B.'sma  Captt.  Tiiere  are  many  capf  s  of 
thi»  name,  as  follow,  i.  The  N  weflern 
point  of  the  hay  of  Salinas,  ijn  the  loth 
degree  of  N  latitude  ;  and  on  the  coad  of 
Terra  Firma  ;  und,  in  other  maps,  is  call- 
ed tlie  N  weftern  point  of  the  gulf  ot  Ni- 
coya.  a  On  the  c<  "^  ot  California,  at 
tho  broaden  part  of  the  pcninfula,  in  the 
3  id  degree  of  N  hit.  3.  On  the  N  W  coaft 
of  America,  in  New  Albion,  fouthward 
of  the  mouth  of  what  has  been  called  the 
JH'fver  of  the  IVeJl,  in  the  44th  degree  of  N 
lat.  4  A  promontory  of  Peru,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, on  the  coaft  of  the  S.  Sea,  i  zo  miles 
S  W  of  Ouayai|uil,  S.  h-t.  3  45,  W  Ion.  83^ 
5.  A  cape  in  the  fouthern  ocean,  on  the 
E  lido  of  Patagonia,  S  calhvard  of  Julian 
Bay,  i;i  the  47th  degree  of  S  latitude,  8 
leagues  W  of  PepysS  Ifland. 

Blanco,  or  Blanca,  an  ifland  35  leagues 
from  Terra  l-irma,  and  N  of  Margarita  I. 
in  the  province  of  New  Andalulia.  It  is 
flat,  low,  and  uninhabited ;  having  favan- 
nahs  of  long  grafs  ;  is  dry  and  healthy  ; 
has  plenty  of  guanas,  and  fome  trees  of 
lignumvitx.     N  lat.  1 1  50,  W  Ion.  64  jo. 

Blanco,  an  ifland  on  the  S  eaftcrn  part 
of  the  pcninfu'  of  Yucatan,in N.Spain. 
Nlat.  ai,VV].       .is- 

Blan/orJ,  a  tv  ifliip  in  Lunenburg  co. 
en  Mahon  Bay,  Nova  Scotia,  fettled  by  a 
few  families. 

Blandford,  a  poft  town  in  Hampftiire  co. 
"Mafrachufclts,  W  of  Weft£cld  ;  about  25 
miles  S  W  of  Norrhampton,  and  i io  W  of 
SoAon.    It  has  17  78  inhabitants. 

Blandfiri^  a  town  ia  Prince  deorge  co. 
Virginia,  feparated  from  Petcrlburgh  by  a 
fmall  creek,  over  which  is  a  bridge.  It 
contains  2C0  houfes  and  1 2co  inhabitants, 
and  is  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  plain.  Here 
are  many  large  Aores,  and  3  tobacco 
vrarehoul'csi  which  receive  annually  6  or 
■7000  hhds.  It  is  a  thriving  place  ;  and 
the  marflies  in  its  vicinity  being  now 
drained,  the  air  of  this  town,  and  that  of 
Pctcrfburgh,  is  much  meliorated. 

Blanford,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Riding  of 
York  CO.  U.  Canada,  on  tho  Thames,  op- 
pofite  Oxford. 

Blai,  St.  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  which,  to  the  S  E 
ftands  the  town  of  Conipoftclla,  in  the 
province  of  Zalifca,  in  N.  Spain. 

BIrdfie  Lict,  in  the  ftate  of  I'eneflee.lics 
3a  miles  from  Big  Salt  Lick  garrifon,  and. 
36  from  Naflivilic. 

Bl  iiheim,  a  town  in  Schoharie  co.  N 
York, incorporated  in  i797,about  2j  miles 
SW  of  Schoharie.  ..  ,.  . 


r-\. 


BLU 


Slaci  TJlaiid,  called  by  the  Fndians  Manlfi 
fts,  is  in  Newport  co.  R.  Ifland.  It  was 
eredlcd  into  a  townfltip,  named  Nnu 
Sbnreba-n,  in  1672.  This  ifland  is  7  miles 
in  length,  and  its  breadth  4  miles.  It  lies 
8  leagues  S  S  \V  from  Rhode  Ifland,  and  7 
£  by  N  from  the  P:  end  of  Long  Ifland.  It 
has  714  inhabitants  It  is  fnmous  for  cat- 
tle and  Iheep,  butter  and  cheefe  ;  round 
the  led;;cs  of  the  ifland  confiderablc  quan- 
tities or  end  filh  are  caught.  1  he  fouth- 
ern part  of  it  is  in  N  lat.  41  8. 

BtaciUy,  A  towiifliip  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Pennlylvania. 

Bloorffield,  a  village  of  N.  Jerfey.-j  miles 
N  of  Newark.  It  has  a  Prelbyterian  church 
and  public  library.  In  the  vicinity  are 
excellent  quarries  of  freeftone. 

Bloomfetd,  a  poft  town  in  Ontario  co.  N. 
York,  having  1940  inhabitants,  10  mile* 
W  of  Canandarque, 

Bhoming  yale,a.  trac!l  ©f  land  in  the  towii- 
fliip  of  Maniius-,  N.  York  Aate,  on  Butter- 
nut Creek. 

Blount,  a  county  in  the  ftate  of  Tenef- 
f©e,  bounded  foutherly  by  lands  retained 
by  the  Indixns.  Its  principal  ftreams  are 
the  Holfton,  Little  River,  and  fome  fmall 
branches  of  the  Tcneflee.  It  contains 
5526  inhabitants,  339  arc  flaves. 

Bl»u»/fvUle,in  N.  Carolir-', is  on  the  poft 
road  from  Halifax  to  Plymouth,  49  miles 
from  Plymouth,  and  S5  f""""!  WiUiamf- 
town. 

BloTintfville,  the  county  to>vn  of  Sullivan 
CO.  Teneflee. 

Blucfieldi  Bay,  lies  S  eaftward  of  Savan- 
nah la  mar,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  hav- 
ing good  anchorage  for  large  vefTels.  N 
lat.  18  io-|,  Wlon.78. 

Blwjii'lds,  a  town  fituated  at  the  S  E 
point  of  the  country  called  the  Mofjuito 
Jhort.  It  has  a  good  harbour  except  that 
at  its  entrance  is  a  bar  on  which  are 
on.ly  12  feet  water.  At  this  place  ends 
the  real  jurifdidlion  of  the  Mofquito  king, 
though  he  exadls  tribute  from  all  the  in- 
habitants on  the  fea  fliore  ico  leagues  fur- 
ther Ibuthward.  The  country  back  of 
Bluefields  is  high  land. 

Bluehill,  a  poft  towTi  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide'  ©f  Union  R  344 
miles  N  E  of  Bofton,and  13  E  of  Penobfcot. 

Blue  Hill  Bay,  IS  formed  by  Naflie;!^ 
Point  on  tjie  \V,  and  Mount  Cefart  I.  on 
the  E.  It  extends  northerly  up  to  a  moun- 
tain on  the  E  of  Penobfrot  R.  which,  from 
its  appearance  at  fea,  is  railed  Blue  Hill, 
Union  R.  empties  into  this  bay. 

Blue  Hii'h,  ri  ran^e  of  mountains  in  New 

'  Liigland ; 


BOE 


-BOL 


England ;  whofe  firft  ridge  in  N.  Hamp* 
fhirc  pafles  through  Rochefter,Barringtoii, 
and  Nottingham. 

Blue  Mountains,  in  Northnmpton  ca 
Pennfylvania,  extend  from  S  W  to  N  E, 
and  a  fhort  way  acroft  the  Delaware.  Al- 
fo,  a  range  of  mountains  which  run  from 
S  £  to  N  W  through  Slurry  co.  in  the  iS[- 
and  of  Jamaica. 

Blue  Itidge.  The  firft  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghany JMou/ifainj,  in  Pcnnfylvaniaand  Vir- 
ginia, is  called  the  Blue  Ridge ;  and  is  a- 
bout  130  miles  from  the  Atlantic.  It  is 
about  4000  feet  high,  meafuring  from  its 
bafe  ;  and  between  it  and  the  Noith 
Mountain  is.  a  lar^e  fertile  vale.  The 
paflage  of  the  Potowmack  through  this 
ridge  is  one  of  the  moft  (lupendous  fceucs 
in  nature.  See  A'Ughauy  Mountains,  and 
fatoivmack  Rivtr. 

Blue  Lids,  on  the  main  branch  of  Lick- 
ing R.  in  Kentucky,  are  fituated  about  8 
miles  weftcrly  from  the  Upper  Blue  Licks. 
£oth  are  on  the  N  eaftcrn  fide  of  the  riv- 
er ;  the  latter  is  about  15  ipiles  N  £  of 
Millers. 

Blue  Spring,  lies  between  Big  Barren  and 
Little  Barren  rivers,  S  branches  of  Green 
R.  in  Mercer's  co.  Kentucky;  about  2  z 
miles  Swefterly  from  Sulphur  Spring,  and 
i.l  S  of  Craig's  Fort,  on  the  N  fide  of 
Green  R. 

Blue  Stone  Creek,  a  fmall  weftcrn  branch 
of  the  Great  Kanhaway. 

Blue  Water  JRivcr,  rifes  among  the  fouth- 
ern  branches  of  Duck  River,  and  empties 
into  theTeneflee.    It  is  afcended  by  boats. 

Bocca  Cbiea,  the  fh-ait  or  entrance  into 
the  harbour  of  Carthagcna,  in  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America ;  defended  by  feveral  forts 
^nd  guns,  which  were  all  taken  by  the 
Britifh  forces  in  1741. 

Bocca  del  Drago,  a  ftrait  between  the  il- 
and  of  Trinidad  and  Andalufia,  in  the 
province  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 

BedweU's  Falls,  in  Merrimack  R.  lie  be- 
tween Andover  and  Methuen,  about  5 
miles  below  Fatucket  Falls.  Near  this  is  a 
bridge  uniting  Methuen  and  Andover. 

Bodet  Point,  is  on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  St. 
Francis,  near  the  boundary  line  between 
U.  and  I^,  Canada.  Bodet  River,  runs  into 
Lake  St.  Francis  £  of  Bodet  Point. 

Smyth. 

Bneuf,  Le,  a  place  in  the  N  weflern  cor- 
ner of  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head  of  the  N 
branch  of  French  Creek,  and  50  inilcs 
from  Fort  Franklin, where  this  Creek  joins 
the  Alleghany ;  meafuring  tiie  diflance  by 
water.    The  French  fort  of  Lc  Boeuf, 


f<om  which  the  place  has  Its  name,  la« 
about  %  miles  E  from  Small  Lake,  which  n 
on  the  N  branch  of  French  Creek  ;  and 
from  Le  Boeuf,  there  is  a  portage  of  1 4 
miles  nortlicrly,  to  Prcfque  Ifle,  m  I^ake 
Erie ;  whtre  the  Frencli  had  another  fort. 
From  Le  Boeuf,  to  Prcfquc  Ifle,  is  a  con- 
tinued chefnut  bottom  Iwamp  (except  for 
about  I  mile  from  the  former,  and  % 
from  tlie  latter)  and  the  road  between 
thefe  two  places,  tor  9  miles,  soy  tan  ago, 
was  made  with  logs,  laid  upon  the  fwunp. 
N  lat.  42  I,  Wlon   7953*0. 

Boggy  Creek,  rifes  among  the  caftcrh 
branches  of  Poplar  Creek,  and  empties 
into  the  Teneflec  juft  .ibove  the  Mufde; 
Shoals.  Below  its  mouth  there  is  a  beau- 
tiful bluff  40  feet  perpendicular,  whence 
there  is  an  extcnfivc  profpedl  up  and 
down  the  river.  Hurricane  Creek  is  A 
branch  of  Boggy  Creek. 

Bnhemia,  a  broad,  navigable  river,  TO 
miles  long,  which  runs  \V  N  W  into  F.lk 
River,  ixt  Maryland,  1 1  miles  bdow  Elk- 
ton.  ■■    ' 

Bobio,  a  river  of  Chili,  in  S.  Amerieiu 

Boil  Blanc  Ifiakd,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  \h, 
in  the  flrait  between  Lake  Erie  and  LaVc; 
St.Clair,conta{ning  150  to  iooacres  ofgcod 
land,  covered  with  wood.  'I'he  conmKJh 
channel, which  is  n3rrow,is  between  it  altd 
thc£  fliore,  and  forms  the  beft  harbour  ia 
tills  country.  This  ifland  commands  the 
Detroit  river  from  Lake  Erie.  At  its  urf- 
per  end  are  good  mill  feats.  A  wider  flup 
channel,  tbou2i\  lefs  frequented,  is  on  th« 
W  of  the  ifland.    '  Smyth. 

JSolatola,  one  of  the  Society  IJles,  wluch 
fee. 

Bolinbreke,  a  town  in  Talbot  co.  eaflern 
fhore  of  Maryland,  and  5  miles  £  of  Ox- 
ford. It  lies  on  the  N  W  point  of  Chop- 
tank  River. 

Bolton,  a  townfhip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  on  Onion  U.  about  104  miles  N 
N  E  from  Bennington. 

Bolton,  a  townmip  in  Tolland  co.  Con- 
nefticut,  incorporated  in  1720;  and  v.-a» 
fettled  from  Weathersfield,  Hartford,  and 
Windfor,  14  miles  Efrom  Hartford. 

Bolton,  a  townfliip  inWorcefter  co.Maf- 
fachufetts  ;  18  miles  N  E  from  Worcefter, 
and  34  Wfrom  Bofton.  It  contains  945 
inhabitants.  There  is  a  fine  bed  of  lime- 
ftone  in  this  town,  from  which  confidera- 
ble  quauties  of  good  lime  are  made  yearly. 

BolUtt,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York,  between  Scroon  Lake  and  I,aVe 
George.  It  has  959 inhibitauts ;  ic or  la 
miles  S  E  of  Ticondcroga. 


\ 


il 


Bomhi 


TuV, 


BON 


BOR 


Sowfon/e-,  a  fort  and  village  on  tl\e  N 
|>eninrul:i  of  St.  Domingo  Kland,  about  .■? 
icague*  N  nf  La  Vi.ae  forme  ;  6  S  E  of 
«hc  Mole,  and  «  from  I'ort  de  Paix,  as 
the  road  runs.     N  lat.  19  41. 

Biimbiiy  IIuoi,»a  illand  at  tiie  mouth  of 
Delaware  R.  ahout  8  milea  U>n^;  aud  a 
broad,  formed  by  the  Delaware  on  the 
jeaAern  fide,  and  Duck  Cict..c  and  Little 
Duck  Creek  on  the  Maryland  fide  ;  thel'e 
«re  united  together  by  a  natural  canal  It 
i»  propofcd  to  counedl  Delaware  R.  with 
Chefapeak  Bay,  by  a  canal  from  Duck 
Creek  to  that  bay,  through  Chefter  R. 
See  Cfrtfitr  Jiivir.  The  N  W  end  of  Bom- 
bay Hook  is  ;t bout  47  miles  from  Capes 
Henlopen  and  May,  from  the  Hook  to 
Reedy.  I.  is  9  miles. 

Bombasine  Rapids,  on  a  river  in  Lincoln 
«o.  Diftrii^  of  Maine,  are  navigable  for 
boats  with  fomt  lading,  at  a  middUng  pitch 
■of  water.  They  took  their  name  from 
Bombazine,  an  Indian  warrior,  who  was 
ilain  by  the  £ng^illi  in  attempting  to  crols 
them. 

Bomiazini,  a  lake,  7  or  8  miles  long,  in 
Ahe  towulhip  of  CalUeton,  Rutland  co. 
Vermont. 

Bonaire,  an  idand,  almoft  uninhabited, 
on  the  coafl  of  Venizuela,  in  the  kingdom 
of  Terra  Firma,  about  ao  leagues  from  the 
continent,  and  14  £  of  Curagoa,  and  be- 
longs to  the  Dutch.  It  13  a'mut  1 8  leagues 
in  compafs,  and  has  a  good  bay  and  road 
on  the  S  W  fide,  near  the  middle  of  the 
ifland.  Here  formerly  were  a  few  houfes, 
and  a  fort  with  a  few  foldiers.  There 
tvere  alfo  5  or  6  Indian  families  who  plant- 
ed maize,  yams,  potatoes,  &c.  I'here  arc 
plenty  of  cattle  and  goats,  which  they 
lend  ialtcd  to,Cura9oa  annually.  There 
is  a  fait  pond  here,  where  the  Dutch 
come  forfalt.     N  lat.  ii  16,  Wlon.68  i8. 

Bonamy't  Point,  on  the  fouthern  fide  of 
Chalcur  Bay,  is  at  the  N  W  extremity  of 
Eel  river  cove,  and  forms  the  S  limit  of  tixe 
mouth  of  Riftigouche  river. 
•  Bonaventure,  on  the  nol-thern  fide  of  Cha- 
Jeur  Bay,  lies  about  5  leagues  from  New 
Carlifle,  which  is  now  called  Hamilton. 
It  was  a  place  of  confiderable  commerce, 
but  is  now  declined. 

Bonaveiitura ,  a  bay,  harbour,  and  fort, 
of  S.  America,  in  Papayau,  90  miles  E  of 
Call.  N  lat.  %  20.  W  Ion.  75  18.  It  is  the 
ftaple  perl  of  C;)!!,  Papayan,  Panta  Fc,  &c. 

BvnaiiiJJn,  CipeandBnyof,  lie  on  the  V. 
fide  of  Newfoundland  I.  The  ciipe  lits 
jn  N  lat.  48  15,  W  ion.  52  32,  and  was 
(difcotfcrtd  by   Jjohu  Cabot,  aiid  his  fon 


Sehaflian,  in  1497,  in  the  fervice  oFHenry 
Vli.  king  of  England.  'I'he  bay  is  formed 
by  thiH  cape  and  that  of  Cape  Frcels,  15 
leagues  apart. 

BoiibamUtuiit  in  Middlcfex  CO.  N.  Jerfcy, 
lini  about  6  miles  N  K  from  New  Ilrunf- 
wick. 

Bjon:,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing 
15; 4  inhabitants. 

Bo  nrjlury,  a  port  town  in  Waflimgton 
CO.  Maryland,  6j  miles  fronj  Walhingtnn. 

B"i,nit  Buy,  lies  on  the  W  fidt  (if  New- 
foundland I.  2  2  leagues  N  by  E  of  bt. 
George's  Harl>i>ur.     N  lat.  49  .^5. 

Boojittnu,  a  Anal!  pofi  town  in  Morris 
CO.  N.  Jerky,  on  the  port  road  between 
Roc ka way  and  Suflex  court  lioufe;  I16 
miles  from  Philadcli>}iia. 

Buon  IfianJ,  on  the  coaft  of  Maine,  be- 
tween tiic  mouth  of  York  R.  ai;d  Cape 
Neddock 

'  .5(A)n/2orevj'£,inMaddiron  CO  Kentucky, 
lies  on  the  S  fide  of  Kentucky  R.  at  the 
mouth  of  Otter  Creek,  15  miles  S  £.  of 
Lexington,  and  35  N  E  from  Danville. 

Bjonj  Creel,  a  fmall  N  branch  of  Ken« 
tucky  R. 

BoBih  Bay,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  coaft 
of  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  in  N  lat.  43  42, 
about  »  miles  W  of  Pcmaquid  Point. 
The  bay  firetchef!  within  the  land  about 
12  miles,  and  receives  two  fmall  (Ireams. 
On  it  is  a  town,  havinj^  997  inhabitants. 
This  town  and  bay  were  originally  called 
Townfcnd,  which  fee. 

Bouquet  £.  paiTes  through  the  town  of 
\Villfl)orough,  in  Clinton  co.  N.  York, 
and  is  navigable  for  boats  about  2  miles  ; 
and  is  there  interrupted  by  falls,  on  which 
are  mills.  At  this  place  are  the  remains 
of  an  intrcnchmenc,  thrown  up  by  Gen. 
Burgoyne. 

Bcrc'entotvn,  a  pleafant  poft  town  in 
Burlington  co.  N.  Jerfcy,  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  CrofTwicks  Creek,  on  the  E 
bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Delaware  R.  6 
miles  below  Trenton,  9  N  E  from  Bur- 
lington, by  water,  and  15  by  land,  and  24 
miles  NE  from  Philadelphia.  Through 
this  town,  which  contains  about  ic  o 
houfes,  and  .1  Baptift  and  Quaker  meeting 
houfe,  a  line  of  fl;igfs  pafl'cs  from  New 
York  to  Philadelphia.  Ihe  fccond  dl- 
vifion  of  Heilians  was  placed  in  this  town, 
in  December,  1776;  and  by  the  road 
leading  to  it,  6co  men  of  that  nation 
el'caped,  when  Gen.  Wafliington  lurprifcd, 
and  made  prifoncrs  of  886  privates,  and 
2T,  ficfiian  tifTicers,  at  Trenton. 

Boiiqueit,  jOr  Crabs  JJland.     See  Bicqiie. 


BOS 


BOS 


Bor^nr,  Lf,  a  town  on  the  north  fide  of 
fhc  northern  pciiinliilaor  tl»c  illaoH  of  St. 
Domingo,  ;,  Icaj^nts  \A  by  N  of  Pori  Mar- 
j.(>t,  Hiid  8  £  liy  S  of  I'ort  dc  I'aix.     N  lat. 

19  49- 
/f'));V,  a  town  in  Pern,  fitiiated  on  the 

hcul  watc*r«  of  Ani.iy.oii  K. 

//cr/iT,  n  town  in  l!ra/il,on  the  S  caftcrn 
bink  of  Uraguay  R.  b  ht.  29  i  j  W  Ion. 
36  .10. 

Bofca'^ven,  a  port  town  in  Hillfboroui^h 
CO.  N.  H;aiipflilrc,  on  the  wtftfrn  hank  of 
Merrimack  R.  above  Concord;  43  miles 
N  W  of  Exeter,  and  38  S  E  of  Dartmouth 
College;  having  1108  inhabitants.  Bof- 
cawen  Hills  art  in  this  neighbourhood. 

Boflon,  a  port  town,  and  the  capital  of 
the  ftiite  of  MiifTachufetts,  the  largelt  town 
in  N.  Enghind,  and  the  fourtli  in  fize  and 
rank  in  the  United  States,  lies  in  4a  43  15 
N  lat.  and  70  5a  41  W  Ion.  This  town, 
with  the  towns  (rf  Hingham,  Chelfea,  and 
Hull,  conftitute  the  county  of  Suffolk; 
176  miles  S  W  of  WifcalFct,  61  S  by  W 
of  Portfmouth,  164  N  E  of  New  Haven, 
a.si  N  E  of  N.  York,  347  N  E  of  Phila- 
dclphia,and  500  N  E  of  the  city  of  Wafh- 
ington.  Boflon  is  built  upon  a  pcninl'ula 
of  irregular  form,  at  the  bottom  of  Maf- 
I'acluifetts  Bay,  and  is  joined  to  the  main 
land  by  an  ifthmns  on  the  fouth  end  of 
the  town  leading  to  Roxbury.  It  is  two 
miles  long,  but  is  of  unequal  breadth; 
the  broadtrt  part  is  716  yards.  The  pen- 
infula  contains  about  700  acres  (ot)ier 
accounts  fay  1000)  on  which  are  about 
1600  dwelling  hotrfes.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  in  1790  was  18,038,  in  1800, 
44,937.  The  town  is  interfered  by  97 
ftreets,  36  lanes,  and  26  alleys,  befides  18 
courts,  &c,  moft  of  thtfe  are  irregular,  and 
not  very  convenient.  State  ftrcet,  Com- 
mon ilreet,  and  a  few  others,  are  excep- 
tions to  this  general  eharatSler ;  the  former 
is  very  fpacious,  and  being  on  a  line  with 
Long  Wharf,  where  ftrangers  ufualiy 
land,  exhibits  a  flattering  idea  of  the  town. 
Here  are  nineteen  edifices  for  public  wor- 
fliip,  of  which  nine  are  for  Congrega- 
tionalifts,  three  for  Epifcopalians,  and 
two  for  Biiptiffs  ;  the  Friends,  Roman 
Catholics.  lVIethodifts,San  lemanians  and 
Univerfatifls  have  one  each.  Moft  of  thefc 
arc  ornamented  with  be  jutiful  fpires.with 
clocks  and  bells.  The  other  public  build- 
ings are  the  old  State  Houfe,  now  con- 
verted into  offices,  florcs,  &c.  Court 
Houfe,  a  Theatre,  Concert  Hall,  Faneuil 
Hall,  Gaol,  an  Alms  Houfie,  lately  creifled 
at  theNW  part  of  the  towBi  fpacious, 


and  commodious,  and  the  moft  eTcjraiMf 
building  of  the  kind  in  the  United  .States'. 
Franklin  Place,  adjoining  Federal  ftrcet* 
Theatre,  is  a  Jjrcat  ornament  to  tlic  town  ; 
rt  contains  a  monument  of  Dr.  hranklin, 
from  whom  it  takes  itir  name,  and  is  rn- 
compaifcd  on  two  iides  with  elcr.int  build- 
ings. Here  are  kept,  in  capacious  rooms, 
given  and  fitted  up  for  the  pnrpofc,  the 
Boffon  Library,  and  the  valuabl'e  Collec- 
tion!! of  the  Hiflorical  Society.  Moft  of 
the  public  buildings  are  handfome,  and 
lome  of  ihem  arc  ele^'ant  ;  particularly 
the  new  State  Houfe,  created  on  the  S 
fide  of  Beacon  Hill,  fronting  the  Mall, 
the  corner  ftone  of  which  was  laid  with 
great  formality  and  parade  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1795.  This  buildin<i  overtops  the 
monument  on  Beacon  Hill,  and  is  one  of 
the  moft  elegant  in  the  United  States.  It 
iti  an  oblong  building,  173  ftet  front,  and 
61  deep,  it  conftfts  externally  of  a  bale- 
ment  fbry,  ao  feet  hioh,  and  a  jJVincipal 
ftory,  30  feet.  This  in  the  centre  of  the 
from  is  crowned  with  an  Attic  60  feet 
wide,  ao  feet  high,  whit  h  is  covered  with 
a  pediment :  Immediately  above  this  rifes 
a  dome  50  feet  diameter  and  30  high,  the 
v/holt  terminated  with  an  elegant  circular 
lanthorn,  fui)porting  a  gilt  pine  cone,  an 
emblem  of  one  of  our  principal  ftaples. 
The  bafemcnt  ftory  is  linilhed  plain  on 
the  wings  with  fcjuare  windows.  The 
centre  is  94  feet  in  length,  and  formed  of 
arches  which  projeiit  14  feet ;  they  forn> 
a  covered  walk  below,  and  fupport  a  col- 
onade  uf  Corinthian  columns  of  the  fame 
extent  above.  The  outfide  walls  are  of 
large  patent  bricks,  witli  white  marble 
fafcias,  imports  and  key  dones  The  low- 
er ftory  is  divided  into  a  large  hall  or 
public  walk  in  the  centre,  s^  feet  fquarc 
and  ao  high,  fupported  by  Do*ic  columns  ; 
two  entries,  each  16  feet  wide,  with  two 
flights  of  ftairs  in  each,  and  at  the  cnd.i 
offices  for  the  Treafurer  ,ind  Secretary  of 
the  commonwealth.  'i"he  rooms  above 
are,  the  Reprefentatives'  room, in  the  cen- 
tre, 55  feet  f quare,  the  corners  formed  into 
niches  for  fireplaces  :  this  room  is  iinilh- 
ed  with  Doric  columns  on  the  iides,  at  \% 
feet  from  the  floor,  forming  a  gallery ;  the 
Doric  entablature  furrounds  the  whole; 
from  this  fpring  fovir  flat  arches  on  the 
fides,  which  being  united  by  a  circular 
cornice  above,  form  in  the  angles  four 
large  pendants  to  a  bold  and  well  pro- 
portioned dome.  The  pendants  are  or- 
namented with  trophies  cf  Commene,  Ag' 
ticulture,  Ptfif)  and  IfW.    The  dome  i« 

—  ■     fr-  -^i-  Uuiflicd 


Bbs 


BOS 


hUf 


I  ' 


isinietl  in  compartment)  ut  Aucco,  in  a 
llylc  oi  finiplc  cleg^ince.  The  centre  of 
*hc  dome  ii  .?o  feet  Irom  tlie  fl<for.  The 
feats  tur  the  members  arc  ranged  fcmi- 
circularly,  and  the  Speaker's  chair  in 
face  of  the  whole.  North  of  the  centre 
room  is  the  Senate  chamber,  55  teet  long, 
^.)  wide, and  30  high;  highly  nniHted  in 
the  Ionic  order  ;  two  fcrccniof  eolumni, 
fupport  with  their  entablature  a  rich  and 
clc](aut  arched  ceiling.  Thii  room  is  alfo 
ornamented  with  Ionic  pilaAers,  and  with 
the  arms  of  the  State,  and  of  the  United 
States,  placed  in  oppolite  patincls  :  it  is 
accommodated  with  h  gallery  for  public 
tife.  The  Council  chamber  is  oh  theop^ 
poCtc  quarter  of  the  building ;  it  is  17 
feet  fquarc,  and  ao  high,  with  a  flat  ceiU 
ing;  the  walls  arc  finilhed  with  Corinth- 
ian pilaftcri  and  panneU  of  ftucco  ;  thefc 
pannels  arc  ehriched  with  the  State  Arms, 
with  emblems  of  Ekeeutive  Power,  the 
fcalc  and  fword  of  Juflire,  and  the  inCignii 
of  Arts  and  Freedom,  the  Cnduceus  and 
Cap  of  Liberty.  The  whole  decorated 
-with  wreaths  of  oulc  and  laurel.  Befide 
thefe  principal  rooms,  there  are  about  ao 
fmaller,  plainly  finidted  for  the  ufe  of 
committees.  The  Qairs  arc  fpacious,  and 
two  flights  of  them  lead  to  the  top  of  the 
outer  dome,  170  Aeps  front  the  founda- 
tion. This  flight  aflords  an  uninterrupted 
viewof  one  of  the  fined  I'cenesin  nature. 
Indeed  the  beauty  and  advantage!  of  this 
lituation  which  mdueed  the  Legiflaturc 
to  make  choice  of  it  for  the  prefent  build- 
ing, arc  aclcnowledged  by  both  natives 
and  foreigners.  It  vies  with  the  moA  pic- 
turefque  fccnes  in  I'urope,  and  will  bear 
romparifon  with  the  CaAle  Hill  of  Edin- 
burgh, the  famous  bay  of  Naples,  or  any 
other  moA  commanding  profpcdt.  The 
foundation  of  this  builiiing  is  about  100 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  harbour ;  its 
elevation  and  flze,  make  it  a  very  eon- 
fpicttous  objedt.  It  is  about  60  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  Mall,  and  from  this  fitu- 
ation  appears  to  moA  advantage.  1'he 
Market  Place,  in  which  Fancuil  Hall  is 
fituated,  isl'upplied  with  all  kinds  of  pro- 
viiions  which  the  country  affords  The 
Cdi  market  in  particular,  by  the  bounte- 
ous fupplies  of  the  pecan  and  rivers,  not 
only  furniAies  the  rich  with  the  rareA 
produ«Stion8,  but  often  provides  the  poor 
with  a  cheap  and  grateful  repaA.  I]o.1:on 
harbour  is  formed  by  Point  Alderton  on 
the  S,  and  by  Nuhant  Point  on  the  N. 
The  haibour  is  capacious  enough  for  500 
^cfl'cls  to  ride  at  anchsr  in  good  depth  of 


Ml    '; 


wnter  ;  whilA  the  entrance  ii  fo  narrow 
as  fcareciy  to  admit  two  Ihipt  abicait,  ll 
ii  variegated  with  about  40  iflands,  of 
which  15  only  can  be  properly  called  fo ; 
the  others  being  Imall  rocks  or  bank*  of 
fand, (lightly  cdvercd  with  verdure.  'I'hcre 
illands  alFord  excellent  paAurage,  hay  and 
grain,  and  arc  agreeable  pUces  of  rcfort 
in  fummer  to  parties  of  pleafurr.  Fort 
Independence,  on  CaAle  Illand,  formerly 
CaAle  William,  is  about  3  miles  E  of  Bol- 
ton, is  a  very  Arong  fnrtrefa,  lately  built 
by  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  at  a 
great  expcnl'e,  and  defends  BoAon  har- 
bour. I  his  fort  is  lutricicntly  manned 
for  a  peace  cAabliAiment.  I'he  Light 
Huufe  Aands  on  a  fmall  illand  on  the  N 
entrance  of  the  channel,  (Point  Alderton 
and  NautaAcet  Heights  being  on  the  S) 
and  is  about  65  feet  high,  Tu  Acer  for 
it  from  Cape  Cod,  the  courfc  is  W  N  W 
when  within  one  league  of  the  Cape : 
from  Cape  Cod  to  the  Light  Houfe  is 
about  16  leagues ;  from  Cape  Ann  the 
couri'e  ir.  S  W,  dlAant  to  leagues.  A  can- 
non is  lodged  and  mounted  at  the  Light 
Houfe  to  anfwer  fign.ils.  Only  feven  of 
the  iflands  in  the  bay  arc  within  the  ju- 
rifdidtioii  uf  tlip  town,  and  taxed  with  it, 
viz.  Noddle's,  Ho,i»,  Long,  Deer,  Specflacle, 
Governor's,  and  Apple  Illands.  The 
wharves  and  quays  in  BoAon  are  about 
80  in  number,  and  very  convenient  for 
veA'els.  Long  Wharf,  or  BuAon  Pier,  in 
particular,  extends  from  the  .bottom  of 
State  Areet  1743  feet  intb  the  harbour  in 
a  Araight  line.  The  breadth  is  104  feet. 
At  the  end  are  17  feet  of  water  at  ebb  tide. 
Adjoining  to  this  wharf  on  the  N  is  a 
convenient  wharf  called  Minot's  T,  from 
the  name  of  its  former  proprietor  and  its 
form.  VefTels  are  I'iipplied  here  with 
frcAi  water  from  a  well  furrounded  by 
fait  water,  which  has  been  dug  at  a  great 
cxpchfe.  Long  Wharf  is  covered  on  the 
N  fide  with  large  and  commodious  (lores, 
feveral  of  which  are  Are  proof,  and  in 
every  refpedt  exceeds  any  thing  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  Stiitcs.  A  company, 
incorporated  for  the  purpofc  in  1796, 
have  cut  a  canal,  on  the  £  fide  of  BoAon 
neck,  conneding  the  harbour  of  BoAon, 
with  Roxbury.  The  view  of  the  town, 
as  it  is  approached  from  the  Tea,  is  truly 
bcautiflil  and  pidturtfque.  It  lies  in  u 
circular  and  pleafmgly  irregular  form 
round  the  harbour,  and  is  ornamented 
with  I'pires,  above  which  the  monument 
of  Beacon  Hill  riles,  which  is  now,  how- 
ever, overtopped  by  th.c  new  State  Houfe. 

Oa 


On  the  1 
tioDs,  cr 
rcmarkal 
Hill  iithl 
and  affoil 
profpe^ 
about  4j 
breezes ; 
pl6afant 
adorned 
addition 
ly  made, 
bridges  al 
to  BoAon 
er,  whlchl 
MyAic  RJ 
River ' 
town  in 
feet  long, 
and  coA 
It  was  op 


Vol.  I. 


ii  To  narrow 
I  abtciiit.     II 

0  iniiiidi,  of 
rly  callid  fo ; 

1  or  bank*  of 
rdurc.  'I'hefc 
rage,  hay  and 
cci  of  rcfort 
afurr.  Fort 
nd,  formerly 
ilcsEofBol- 
,  lately  built 
f.  State*,  at  a 

fiodon  har- 
itly  manned 
The  Light 
nd  on  the  M 
lint  Aldcrtnn 
g  on  the  S) 
To  ftecr  for 
fc  is  W  N  W 
the  Cape : 
;ht  Houfe  is 
ipc  Ann  the 
DCS.    A  can- 
at  the  Light 
nly  fcven  of 
ithin  the  ju- 
iixed  with  it, 
:r,  Spcdlacle, 
ands.     The 
are  about 
ivenicnt  for 
>oii  Pier,  in 
bottom  of 
larbour  in 
is  104  feet, 
at  ebb  tide, 
the  N  is  a 
ot's  T,  from 
ietor  and  its 
here  with 
ounded  by 
at  a  great 
red  on  the 
ioiiB  (torcSf 
inf,  and  in 
ing  of  the 
company, 
in    1796, 
i  of  Bofton 
of  Bofton, 
the  town, 
;a,  is  truly 
lies  in  a 
ular   form 
rnamented 
onument 
ow,  how- 
ate  Houfc. 
Oa 


g' 


BOS 

On  the  bafe  of  the  monument  are  infcrip* 
tiona.  commemorating  feme  of  the  mod 
remarkable  evi-nts  of  the  late  war.  Beacon 
Hill  itthe  highed  ground  on  the  peninfula, 
and  affords  a  molt  delightful  and  cxtenfive 
profpedt.  The  common  below  it  contains 
about  45  acren  always  open  to  refrefhing 
breeze* ;  on  it*  eaft  bde  i>  the  Mall,  a  very 
pl^afant  walk  above  500  yards  in  length, 
adorned  with  rows  of  trees,  to  which  an 
addition  of  about  100  yards  has  been  late- 
ly made.  Charles  River  and  Well  Bollon 
bridges  are  highly  ufeful  and  ornamental 
to  Bodon  ',  and  both  are  on  Charles  Riv- 
er, which  mingles  it.  waters  with  thofe  of 
Myftic  River,  in  Bofton  harbour  Charles 
River  bridge  connctSts  Bofton  with  Charlef- 
town  in  Middl^fcx  county,  and  is  1503 
feet  long,  4a  feet  broad,  ftands  on  75  piers, 
and  coft  the  fubfcribers  50,000  dollars. 
It  was  opened  June  19, 1787. 

Feet  long. 
Weft  Bofton  bridge  ftands  on  180 

piers,  is  3483 

Bridge  over  the  gore,  14  piers,  275 

Abutment  Bofton  iide,  87^ 

Caufeway,  3344 

Diftance  from  the  end  of  the  Caufe- 
way to  Cambridge  meeting  houfe,  7810 
Width  of  the  Bridge,  40 

This  bridge  exceeds  the  other  as  much 
in  elegance  as  in  length,  and  coft  the  fub- 
fcribers 76,700  dollars.  Both  bridges 
have  draws  for  the  admiflion  of  veflels, 
and  lamps  for  the  benefit  of  evening  pafT- 
rngers.  Seven  Free  Scfiools  are  fupport- 
cd  here  at  the  public  expenfe,  in  which 
the  children  of  every  clafs  of  citizens  may 
freely  alTociate  together.  The  number 
of  fcholars  is  computed  at  about  900,  of 
which  160  are  taught  Latin,  &c.  There 
.ire  bcilde  thefe  many  private  fchools. 
The  principal  focicties  in  the  Common- 
wealth hold  their  meetings  in  thi^  town, 
and  are,  the  Marine  Society,  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  MafTai  im- 
fetts  Agricultural  Society,  Maflhrh  .fetts 
Charitable  Society.Bofton  Epifcopul  Char- 
itable Society,  Malfachufetts  Hiftorical 
•Society,  So-Tiety  for  propagatirg  the  Gof- 
pel,  Maflachufetts  C('  igregational  Society, 
Medical  Society,  Humane  Society,  Bofton 
LibrarySociety,  Bofton  Mechrinic  Affocia- 
tion, Charitable  Fire Society,ar.dMairachu- 
fetts  MiCionarj'  Society.  The  foreign  and 
domeftic  trade  of  Bofton  is  very  coniidcra- 
hle.to  fupport  which  there  are  four  Banks, 
viz.  the  Branch  of  the  United  States  £ank, 
the  Union  Bank,  the  M;»(n.chufetts  Bank, 
and  the  Bofton  Bank.  The  Maflachufetts 
Vol.  I.  G 


BOS 

Bank  conftft*  of  8oo  fliarcs  of  .foo  dollar*, 
equal  to  400,000}  the  capital  of  the  Union 
Bank  is,  1,100,000  dollar*,  400,000  of 
which  is  the  property  of  the  State.  In 
1748,  500  veflels  cleared  out  of  this  port 
for,  and  430  were  enteicd  from,  foreign 
parts.  In  1784,  the  entries  of  foreign  and 
coafting  veflels  were  372,  and  the  clear- 
ance* 450.  In  1794,  the  entri<!S  fr<m 
foreign  ports  were  567.  In  1795,  thefe 
entries  amounted  to  715,  of  which  the 
fliips  were  96,  barques  3,  fnows  9,  polacr* 
I,  nrigs  185,  dogger  i,  fchooncrs  362, 
fhallop  I,  and  (loops  65  ;  the  number 
fjrce  has  much  incrcaf  d.  The  principal 
r  mufadlures  coniift  o'  rum,  loaf  fugar, 
boer,  failcloth,  ct .  dage,  wool  and  cotton 
cards,  plaving  cpitis,  put  and  pearl  afhes, 
paper  ha.ij^ings,  i.ais,  plate  glafs,  tobacco, 
and  chocolate.  There  arc  hirty tiitliller- 
ies,  two  breweiics,  eight  1  "^ar  houles,  and 
eleven  ropewalks.  In  *h  \  jar  1789,  the 
intercouri'e  with  the  ;ov..itry  barely  re- 
quired two  ft-iges  and  twelve  hor'  :  on 
the  great  roii :  i'  vcen  this  and  Nt  r  Ha- 
ven. In  1 75  7,  th'  -e  were  twenty  carriag- 
es and  ono  hundred  horfes  employed.  The 
number  of  the  different  ftages  that  run 
through  the  week  from  this  town,  w.-is,  aC 
theaboveperiod,  upwards  of  ao,eightye{4r» 
before  there  wcreonly  three.  The  number 
hasfmcc  conflderabl)  increafcd.  Attempts 
have  been  n.'.Je  to  change  the  govern- 
ment of  the  town  from  its  prefent  form  to 
that  of  a  city  ;  hut  tli.is  mcafurc,  not  ac- 
cording with  the  democratic  fpirit  of  the 
people,  has  as  yet  failed.  At  an  annual 
meeting  in  March,  nine  Selcdfmen  arc 
chofen  for  the  governn-.ent  of  the  town  ; 
.It  the  fame  time  arc  choicn  a  Ton  n  Clerk, 
:.  '''rcafurer,  la  Ovcrfeers  pf  the  Poor, 
'  \  enty-four  Firewartls,  twelve  Clerks  of 
tne  Market,  twelve  Scavengers,  twelve 
Conftablcs,  befide  a  nunibf  r  of  other  offi- 
cers. If  the  inhabitants  do  not  reap  all 
the  advantages  they  have  a  right  to  ex- 
pe«Sl  from  their  numerous  oflicers,  it  is 
not  for  want  of  wholefome  la^v  s  for  the 
regulation  of  the  weights,  meafures  and 
equality  of  provifions  or  other  branches  of 
police,  but,  I'crniif:  the  h-rvs  erf  net  put  in 
ixciutioti.  Befide  thofe  called  Trained 
Bands,  there  are  four  other  military  com- 
panies in  Bofton,  viz.  the  Ancient  and 
Honourable  Artillery  Company,  the  Ca- 
dets, Fufiliers,  and  Artillery.  1  lie  Ancient 
and  Honourable  Artillery  Company  was 
incorporated  in  1638,  and  the  eledion 
of  a  captain  and  officers  of  it  for  the  year 
i&  on  the  firft  Monday  in  June  annually, 

which 


m 


BOU 


BOY 


■■iif  i  I  i 


Vrhich  is  obferved  here  as  a  day  of  feftivi- 
ty.  Several  officers  in  the  American  army, 
who  fignalized  themfelves  in  the  late  war, 
received  their  firft  knowledge  of  tadtics  in 
this  military  fchuol.  Bofton  was  fettled 
as  early  as  163 1,  from  Charleftown :  it 
was  called  Shaumut  by  the  Indians; 
Trimountain  by  the  fettlers  in  Charle  down, 
from  the  view  of  its  three  hills  ;  and  had 
its  prefent  name  in  token  of  refpcdk  to 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Cotton,  a  minider  of  Bofton 
in  England,  and  afterwards  minifter  of  the 
iirft  church  here.  Bofton  was  greatly 
damaged  by  an  earthquake  in  Odlober  29, 
17Z7,  and  fmce  that  time  has  fuftercd  fe- 
verely  by  numerous  fires,  the  houfes  being 
moftly  built  of  wood.  1'he  laft  large  fire 
happened  July  30, 1794,  and  confumed  96 
houi'es,  ropewalks,  &c.  and  the  account  of 
lofTes  given  in  by  the  fuiFerers  amounted 
209,861  dollars.  It  was  in  Bofton  that 
the  Revolution  originated  which  gave  in- 
dependence to  America,  and  thence  flew 
like  an  eledlrical  fhock  throughout  the 
Union.  It  fufFered  much  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  by  the  lofs  of  an  exten- 
five  trade,  and  other  calamities.  Bofton 
feels  a  pride  in  having  given  birth  to 
Benjamin  Franklin,  and  a  number  of  oth- 
er patriots,  who  were  among  the  moft  ac- 
tive and  influential  charatflers  in  efFetSling 
the  revolution.  Great  improvements  have 
been  made  in  the  ftreets,  buildin^^s,  and 
police  of  this  town,  within  a  few  years. 

Bofiin  Corner,  a  tradl  of  land  adjoining 
Mount  Wafhiugton,  Berkfhire  co.  Mafta- 
chufetts,  containing  67  inhabitants. 

BoJIo/i,  Nrw,  a  townfhip  in  Hillfborough 
CO.  N.  Hampfliit-e,  la  miles  s  W  by  W 
from  Amufkeag  Falls;  60  miles  Wof  f*ortf- 
mouth,  and  a  like  diftance  N  W  of  Bofton. 
Btjlwicis,  a  poft  town  in  Stokes  co.  N. 
Carolina,  190  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Botetourt,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  W  of  the 
Blue  Ridge.  It  is  44  miles  long  and  40 
broad.  In  this  co.  chalk  is  found.  It  con- 
tains 8482  free  inhabitants,  and  1343 
ftaves.  Its  chief  town  is  Fincaftle,  from 
which  the  Swt<>t  Springs  are  15  miles. 

Boltlfbill,  a  viUage  in  Somerfet  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  a  miles  N  W  from  Chatham,  and 
15  N  W  of  Elizabethtown. 

Boudoir,  Le,  a  fmal!  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  5  lat.  175a,  V^  Ion.  from  Paris,  15 
a.C.difcovered  April  a,  1768,  by  Bougan- 
ville.  This  ifland,  the  year  before  had  been 
discovered  by  Wallis.and  named  Ofr.aburg. 
The  natives  call  it  Maitea,  according  to 
the  report  of  Capt.  Cook,  who  viQted  it 
in  1 769,    Quiros  diTcovered  tltls  ifland  in 


1 606,  and  called  it  la  Dezana.   See  Oftiabtrg. 
Bouganville's  Straits,  arc  at  the  N  W  end 
of  the  ifles  of  Solomon. 

Bougie  Met,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina, 
between  Core  Sound  and  Little  Inlet. 

Boundbrook,  a  village  in  Somerfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  N  bank  of  Rariton  River, 
about  10  or  la  miles N of  Brunfwick. 
Bourbon,  Fart,  in  the  illand  of  Martinico. 
Bourbon  Co.  in  Kentucky,  between  Lick- 
ing and  Kentucky  rivers,  contains  13,356 
inhabitants,  including  1994  flaves.  The 
land  produces  wheat,  30,  or  35  bufliels 
upon  an  acre,  corn  about  jo.  Hemp 
grows  well.     Chief  town  Paris. 

Bourbon,  a  Co.  laid  out  and  organized  in 
the  year  1 785,  by  the  State  of  Georgia,  in 
the  S  W  corner  of  the  State,  on  the  Miffi- 
fippi,  including  the  Natchez  country. 
The  laws  of  Georgia  were  never  carried 
into  efFcdb  in  this  co.  and  it  was  under  the 
jurifdi(%ion  of  the  Spaniards  from  their 
conqueft  of  this  part  of  the  country  in 
1780,  till  it  was  given  up  to  the  United 
States  by  the  treaty  of  1795. 

Bo^v,  IS  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfhire,  on  the  W  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  a  little  S.  of  Concord. 

Botvdoin,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  eaftern  bank  of  Andro- 
fcoggin  R.  diftant  from  York,  N  eafterly, 
36  miles,  and  from  the  mouth  of  Kenne- 
beckR.  6  miles,  and  166  N  £  of  Bofton. 
It  contains  1260  inhabitants. 

Botvdoinbam,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  feparated  from  Pownalborough  E, 
and  Woolwich  S  E,  by  Kenncbeck  R.  It 
has  79a  inhabitants,  i  j  miles  N  W  from 
WifcafTet. 

Boiuling  Green,  a  village  in  Virginia,  on 
the  poft  road,  %i  miles  S  of  Frederickf- 
burg,  48  N  of  Richmond,  and  25  N  of 
Hanover  court  houfe.  A  poft  office  is 
kept  here,  84  miles  from  Wafliington, 
fouthward.  There  is  another  town  or 
village  of  this  name,  in  Warren  co.  Ken- 
tuckey,  where  is  a  poll  oflicc,  8o3  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Boivcrs'  Sulphur  Springs,  are  in  Bath  CO. 
Virginia,  291  miles  from  Wafliington.  A 
poft  office  is  kept  heie. 

Boxboroiigh,  a  town  in  Middlefex  co. 
Mafl'achufetts,  containing  387  inhabitants; 
30  miles  N  W  from  Bofton. 

Box/ord,  a  fmall  town  in  EfTex  co. 
MafTachufetts,  having  852  inhabitants.  It 
lies  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Merrimack  R.  14 
miles  S  W  of  Newburyport.  In  the  fouth- 
ernmoft  of  its  two  pariflics  is  a  bloomery. 
Boyljhn,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufetts, 


f 


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Maflachufetts,  having  1058  inhabitants; 
7  miles  N  E  of  Worcefter,  and  4a  N  W  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1786, 
having  been  a  parifli  of  Shrewlbury  fince 
I74«;and  contains  by furvey,  14,396  a  ;res 
of  land,  well  watered,  and  of  a  rich  foil. 

Bozrab,  a  town  in  New  London  co.  Con- 
ncdlicut,  formerly  a  parifli  in  the  town  of 
Norwich,  36  miles  E  from  Hartford. 

Bracken,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  contain- 
ing 2382  inhabitants. 

BraddocVt  Field,  the  place  where  Gen. 
Braddock,  with  the  firft  divifion  of  his 
army,  confifting  of  1400  men,  fell  into  an 
ambufcade  of  400  men,  chiefly  Indians, 
by  whom  he  was  defeated  and  mortally 
wounded,  July  9,  I755-,  The  American 
militia,  who  were  difdainfuUy  turned  in 
the  rear,  continued  unbroken,  and  ferved 
as  a  rear  guard,  and,  under  Col.  Wafliing- 
ton,  the  late  Prcfident  of  the  U.  S.  A.  pre- 
ferved  the  rc^ular^  from  being  entirely  cut 
ofF.  It  is  fituated  on  Turtle  Creek,  on 
the  N  E  bank  of  Monpngahela  R.  6  miles 
E  S  E  from  Pittlburg. 

Braddock^s  Bay,  on  the  S  fide  of  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Geneflee  river. 

Bradford,  Eajt,  and  IVeJt,  are  townfliips 
in  Chefter  co.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts, on  the  S  fide  of  Merrimack  R. 
oppofitfcHaverhill,io  miles  W  of  Newbu- 
ryport.  It  has  two  pariflies,  and  1420 
inhabitants.  Quantities  of  leather  flioes 
are  made  here  for  exportation;  and  in 
the  lower  parifli  fome  veflels  are  built. 
Several  ftreams  fall  into  the  Merrimack 
from  this  town,  which  fupport  a  number 
of  mills  of  various  kinds. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfljorough 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  1 760  ; 
ao  miles  E  of  Charleftown. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  Connedlicut  R. 
about  ac.  miles  above  Dartmouth  College. 
There  is  a  remarkable  ledge  of  rocks  in 
thi«  townfliip,  as  much  as  200  feet  high. 
It  appears  to  hang  over,  and  threaten  the 
traveller  aa  he  pafles.  The  fpace  between 
this  ledge  and  Connedticut  River  is  fcarce- 
ly  wide  enough  for  a  ••oad. 

Braga,  Ha,  now  Fort  Dauphin,  in  the 
ifland  of  Cuba. 

Brainiree,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  CO.  Ver- 
mont, lies  30  miles  N  E  of  Rutland.  It 
joins  Kingfton  weftward,  Randolpli  on  the 
caflward,  and  contains  531  inhabitants. 

Braintree,  one  of  the  moft  ancient  town- 
fliips in  Norfolk  co  in  the  flate  of  Mafla- 
chifet.ts,  was  fettled  in  1625,  and  then 


called  Mount  JVoolafon,  from  the  name  of 
its  founder.  It  lies  on  a  bay,  8  miles  £  of 
S  from  fioflon,  and  contains  1285  inhab- 
itants. Great  quantities  of  granite  flones 
are  font  to  Bofton  and  other  places  from 
this  town  for  fale.  The  bay  abounds 
with  fifli  and  fea  fowl,  and  pafticularly 
braiitt.  Tills  town  is  noted  for  having 
produced,  in  former  and  latter  times,  the 
firfl  charadlers  both  in  church  and  flate ; 
and,  in  diflant  ages  will  derive  no  fmall 
degree  of  fame,  for  having  given  birth  to 
John  Adams,  the  ^rft  Vice-Prefident, 
and  the  fecoiid  Prefident  of  the  Unit/d 
States  of  America  ;  a  man  highly  diftin- 
guiflicd  for  his  patriotifm,  as  a  citizen  ; 
his  juftice,  integrity,  and  talents,  as  a  law- 
yer ;  his  profound  and  extenfive  erudi- 
tion, as  a  writer ;  and  his  difcernment, 
(trmnefs,  and  fuccefs,  as  a  foreign  minifler 
and  flatefman. 

Braintree,  New,  a.  town  in  the  ca  of 
Worcefter,  between  Rutland  or  Oakham, 
on  the  £,  and  Hardvvick  on  the  W,  2t 
miles  N  W  of  Worcefter.  It  has  875  in- 
habitants. 

Braintrem,  a  poft  town  in  Luzerne  co, 
Pennfylvania,  303  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Branca  de  Malambo,  a  town  in  the  prov* 
ince  of  St.  Martha,  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  It  is  a  place  of  great  trade,  and 
I'eatcd  on  the  river  Magdalen,  75  miles  N 
of  Carthagena,  and  is  a  Bifliop's  fee.  It  has 
agood  harbour.  Nlat.  11  40,Wlon.75  30. 

Brandon,  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of 
Long  Ifland,  N.  York,  9  miles  W  of  Smith-i 
town,  and  the  fame  diftance  from  Hamp- 
ftead  Plain. 

Brandon,  a  poft  town  in  Rutland  co, 
Vermont,  fituated  on  both  fides  of  Otter 
Creek,  containing  1075  inhabitants,  and 
is  about  12  miles  northerly  from  Rutland. 
Here  Brandon  Creek  empties  into  Otter 
Creek  from  the  N  E. 

Brandy  FotSfSLTC  ifles  fo  calledin  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  40  leagues  below  Quebec,  a 
little  W  of  the  mouth  of  Saguenay  river. 

Brandywiiu  Creek,  falls  into  Chriftiana 
Creek  from  the  northward,  at  Wilming- 
ton, in  Delaware  ftate,  about  25  miles 
from  its  N  and  N  weftern  fources,  which 
both  rife  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 
This  Creek  is  famous  for  a  bloody  battle, 
fought  Sept.  II,  1777,  between  the  Britifli, 
and  Americai^s.  which  lafted  nearly  the 
whole  day,  and  the  latter  were  defeated 
with  confidenable  lofs.  It  was  fought  at 
Chadds  Ford,  and  in  the  neighbourhood 
of,  and  on,  the  ftrong  grounds  at  Birming- 
ham church.    See  Detatuare,  for  an  ac- 

oucnc 


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I ' 


count  of  the  celebrated  mills  on  this  creek. 
Brandy-wine,  a  townlhip  in  Chcfter  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Branford,  a  townfhip  in  N.  Haven  co. 
Connedticut,  confidcrablc  for  its  iron 
works.  It  lies  on  the  S  fide  of  a  river  of 
the  fame  name,  which  runs  into  Long  1(1- 
and  Sound,  lo  miles  E  from  N.  Haven, 
and  40  S  of  Hartford. 

Branh'  Fillage,  on  Grand  river.  See 
Jifobawi  f^illjge. 

Bra/t  d'Or,  called  alfo  Labrador,  a  lake 
which  forms  intu  arms  and  branches,  in 
the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  or  Sidney,  and 
opens  an  e»f)r  communication  with  all 
parts  of  the  ifland.    Sec  Breton,  Cape. 

Brafs  Ifland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
iflands,  fituated  near  the  N  W  end  of  St. 
Thomas's  Ifland,  on  wiuch  it  is  dependent. 
Brafs  Town,  in  the  ftate  of  Teneflce,  is 
fituated  on  the  head  waters  of  HiwafTce 
R.  about  100  miles  foutherly  from  Knoz- 
ville.  Two  miles  S  from  this  town  is  the 
MnebanteJ  Mountain,  much  famed  for  the 
curiofities  on  its  rocks.  See  Enchanted 
JMtountain. 

Brattleborougb,  a  pod  town,  in  Windham 
CO.  VermontjTiaving  1867  inhabitants ;  on 
the  W  bank  of  Conncdticut  R.  about  40 
miles  E  of  Benningtor,  6i  N  of  Spring- 
field, in  MafTachufetts,  and  455  from 
"Waftiington.    N  lat.  4a  5  a. 

Brazil,  or  Braftl,  comprehends  all  the 
Portuguefe  fettlements  in  America,  and  is 
fituated  between  the  equator  and  is  ^  !<'(• 
and  between  35  and  60  W  Ion.  and  is  in 
length  1500,  and  in  breadth   700  miles. 
Sounded  by  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ama- 
aon,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  N,hy 
the  fame  ocean  on  the  E  ;  by  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Plata,  S ;  and  by  moraflTcs, 
lakes,    torrents,    rivers,  and   mountains, 
which  feparate  it  from  Amazonia  and  the 
SpanifhpoflcirionsontheW.     It  has  three 
grand  divilions.     i.  The  northern  con- 
tains 8  provinces  or  captainfhips,  viz.  Pa- 
ra, Marignan,  Siara,  Petagucs,  Rio  Grande, 
Payraba,  Tamara,  and  Peraambuco.     a. 
The  middle  divifion ;  5  captainfliips,  viz. 
Sercgippc,  Bahia,  or  the  Bay  of  AU  Saints, 
Ifhcos,  Porto  Seguro,  and  Spirito  Sandlo. 
3.  The  fouthern  divifion  ;  3  capt.iinfliips, 
viz.  Rio  Janeiro,  St.  Vincent,  and  Del  Rev. 
The  number  of  confiderahle  cities  arc  16 ; 
of  thefe  St.  Salvadore,  in  the  Bay  of  All 
Saints,  it  the  chief,  and  is  the  capitiil  of 
Brazil;  thefecondinrank  is  Rio  de  Janeiro. 
On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall  iflands  where 
ihips  touch  for  provifions  on  their  voyage 
to  the  South  Seas,  viz.  Fcrnaudo,  St.  Bar- 


baro,  and  St.  Catharines.    Tha  bays,  hof- 
bours,  and  rivers,  arc  the  lurbours  of  Per- 
nambuco,  All  Saints,  Porto  Seguro,  the 
port  and  harbour  of  Rio  dc  Janeiro,  the 
port  of  St.  Vincent,  the  harbour  of  St.  Ga* 
bricl,  and  the  port  of  St.  Salvadore,  on  the 
N  fliore  of  the  river  La  Plata.    The  cli- 
mate of  Brazil  is  temperate  and  mild, 
when  compared  with  that  of  Africa ;  ow- 
ing chiefly  to  the  refrefliii^g  wind,  which 
blows  continually  from  the  fea<    The  air 
is  not  only  cool,  but  chilly  during  the 
night,  fo  tnat  the  natives  kindle  a  fire 
every  evening  in  their  huts.    The  river* 
in  this  country  annually  overflow  their 
banks,  and  like  the  Mile  leave  a  fort  of 
flime  upon  the  lands  ;  and  the  foil  is  in 
many  places  amazingly  rich.    The  vege- 
table produdtions  are,  Indian  corn,  fugar 
canes,  tobacco,  indigo,  balfam,  ipecacuan- 
ha, brazil  wood.    The  laflis  of  a  red  col- 
our, hard  and  dry  ;  and  is  chiefly  ufed  in 
dying,  but  not  the  red  cf  the  belt  kind. 
Here  is  alfo  the  yellow  fuAic,  of  ufc  in 
dying  yellow,  and  a  beautiful  kind  of 
fpeckled  wood   ufed    in   cabinet    work. 
Here  are  five  di^erent  forts  of  palm  trees, 
curious  ebony,  and  a  great  variety  of  cot- 
ton trees.    This  country  abomids  in  horn- 
ed cattle,  which  are  hunted  for  their  hides 
only,  30,000  being  f«nt  annually  to  Eu- 
rope.   There  is  great   plenty  of  deers, 
hares,  and  other  game.     Befide  the  beafls 
common  in  the  neighbouring  parts  of  the, 
continent,  are  janouveras,  and  a  fierce  an- 
imal fomewhat  like  a  greyhound,  the  topi- 
raflbu,  a  creature  b.ctween  a  bull  and  an 
afs,  but  without  horns,  and  entirely  harm- 
lufs,  the  flefh  is  very  good,  and  has  the 
flavour  of  beef.     The  remarkable  birds 
are  the  humming   bird ;    the    lankima, 
fomctimes  called  the  unicorn  bird,  from 
its  having  a  horn,  a  or  3  inches  long,  grow- 
ing out  of  its  forehead ;  the  guira,  famous 
for  changing  its  colour  often,  being  firft 
black,  then  afh  coloured,  next  white,  after- 
wards  fcarlet,  and  laft  of  all  crimfon  ; 
which  colours  grow  deeper  and  richer  the 
longer  the  bird  lives.     Of  fifli,  there   is, 
one  called  the  globe  fifh,  fo  called  fro^ 
its  form,  which  is  fo  befet  with  fpikes  like 
a  hedgehog,  that  it  bids  defiance  to  all  fifli 
of  prey.     Brazil  breeds  a  variety  of  fer- 
pents  and  venomous   creatures,    among 
which  are  the  Indian  falamander,  a  four 
Icqged  infeiSt,  whofc  fling  is  mortal ;  the 
ibivnboca,  a  fpecies  of  ferpent  about  7 
yards  long,  and  half  a  yard  in  circumfer- 
ence, whole  poifon  is  mftantaneoufly  fa- 
tal ;  the  rattle  fnaV.c  attains  there  an  cnor- 

mou| 


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inous  ^AZf ;  the  liboyd  or  roebuck  fnake, 
which  authors  fay  are  capable  of  fwallow- 
ing  a  roebuck  whole  with  his  horns,  being 
between  ao  and  30  feet  in  length  and  6 
feet  in  circumference.  There  is  a  num- 
berlefs  variety  of  fowl,  wild  and  tame  in 
this  country.  The  trade  of  Brazil  is  very 
great,  and  increafes  every  year.  They 
import  as  many  as  40,000  ucgroes  annual- 
ly. The  exports  of  Brazil  are  diamonds, 
gold,  fugar,  tobacco,  hides,  drugs  and  med- 
icines ;  and  they  receive  in  return,  wool- 
len goods  of  all  kinds,  linens,  laces,  filks, 
hats,  lead,  tiij,  pewter,  copper,  iron,  beef, 
and  cheefe.  They  alibreceiye  from  Ma- 
deira, a  great  quantity  of  wine,  vinegar 
and  brandy ;  and  from  the  Azores, 
£25,000  worth  of  other  liquors.  The 
gold  and  diamond  mines  are  but  a  recent 
difcovery ;  they  were  fir  ft  opened  in  1681, 
and  have  fince  yielded  above  5,000,000 
fterling  annually,  of  which  a  fifth  part  be- 
longs to  the  crown.  Thefe,  with  the  fugar 
plantations,  occupy  fo  many  hands,  that 
^gric'ture  lies  negledled,  and  Brazil  de- 
pends upon  Europe  for  its  daily  bread  ; 
although  before  the  difcovery  of  thefe 
mines,  the  foil  was  found  very  fuilicient 
for  fubiifting  the  inhabitants.  The  dia- 
monds here  are  neither  fo  hard,  nor  fo 
clear  as  thofe  of  the  £.  Indies,  neither  dp 
they  fparkle  fo  much,  but  they  are  whiter. 
The  Brazilian  diamonds  are  fold  10  per 
cent  cheaper  than  the  oriental  ones,  fup- 
poling  the  weights  to  be  ^qual.  The 
crown  revenue  arifing  from  this  colony, 
amounts  annually  to  2,000,000  fterling  u) 
gold,  if  fome  late  writers  are  to  be  credit- 
ed, bcUde  the  duties  and  cuftoms  on  mer- 
chandife  impotted  from  that  quarter. 
This  indeed,  is  more  than  a  fifth  of  the 
precious  metal  produced  by  the  mines  ; 
but  every  other  confequcnt  advantage 
confidered,  it  probably  does  not  much  ex- 
ceed the  truth.  The  Portuguefe  here 
live  in  the  moft  eiFemiuate  luxury.  When 
ppople  appear  abroad  they  are  carried  in 
a  kind  of  cotton  hammocks,  called  ferpen- 
tines,  which  are  home  on  negroes*  flioul- 
ders :  fimilar  to  palanquins  in  India.  The 
portrait  drawn  of  the  manners,  cjiftoms, 
and  morals  of  that  nation,  in  America,  by 
judicious  travellers,  is  very  far  from  being 
favourable.  The  native  Brazilians  are 
about  the  fize  of  the  Europeans,  but  not 
fo  ftout.  They  are  fuhjoift  to  fcv/er  dif- 
tempers  and  are  long  lived.  They  wear 
noclothinjj ;  the  v,-omen  wear  tl.cir  hair 
extremely  lonp^.ihe  men  cut  their'*  fliort ; 
^e  v/omen  wear  bracelets  of  bones  of  a 


beautiful  white ;  the  men  necklaces  of  the 
fame;  the  women  paint  their  faces.and  tli* 
men  their  bodies.  Though  the  king  of 
Portugal,  as  grand  mafter  of  the  Order  of 
Chrift,  be  folely  in  poffeffion  of  the  titles, 
and  though  the  produce  of  the.cruTade 
belongs  entirely  to  him  ;  yet  in  this  exten- 
live  country,  fix  biftiopricks  have  bceq 
fucccfTively  founded,  which  acknowledge 
for  their  fuperior,  the  nrchbifhop  of  Bo- 
hia;  which feewascftablifliedini55a.  On.. 
ly  half  of  the  16  captainfliips,  into  which 
the  country  is  divided,  belong  to  the 
crown  ;  the  others  being  fiefs  made  over 
to  fome  of  the  nobility,  who  do  little  more 
than  acknowledge  the  fovercignty  cf  the 
king  of  Portugal.  The  Portuguefe  dif- 
covered  this  country  in  1500,  but  did  not 
plant  it  till  the  year  1549,  when  they  tools 
poffeffion  of  All  Saints  Bay,  and  built  th* 
city  of  St.  Salvadore.  The  Dutch  invad- 
ed Brazil  in  1623,  andfuLducd  the  north- 
ern provinces ;  but  the  Portuguefe  .ngre^d 
in  1661,  to  pav  the  Dutch  8  tons  of"gold, 
to  reUnquifh  their  jntercft  in  this  country, 
wliich  was  accepted ;  and  the  Portuguefe 
repiained  in  peaceable  poffeffion  of  Brazil, 
till  about  the  end  of  176a;  when  th^ 
Spanifh  governor  of  Buenos  Ayres,  hear- 
ing of  a  war  between  Portugal  and  Spain, 
look,  after  a  month's  fiege,  the  Portuguefe 
frontier  fortrer*.  St.  Sacrament ;  but  by 
tjie  treaty  of  peace  it  was  reftored. 

Brtakneck  Hilli  oppofite  Butter  hill,  at 
th?  northern  entrance  cf  the  highlands,  ia 
Hudfon  R.  about  60  miles  N  of  N.York» 
On  the  S  fide  of  this  hill,  about  half  the 
diftance  as  you  afcend  it,  the  rock&  are  fo 
fituated  as  to  give  tha  fpedtator  a  tolerable 
idea  of  a  human  face,  with  a  nofe,  mouth 
and  double  chin,  but  without  a  forehead. 
On  the  nofe  grows  a  tree  of  confiderable 
fize,  which  has  the  appearance  only  of  a 
fhrub. 

BricienrUgt,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 758  inhabitants,  38  of  them  are 
blacks.  The  court  houfe,  where  a  port 
officeiskeptjis  700  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Jirecknoci,  a  townlhip  in  Laucafter  co, 
Pennfylvania.  It  is  watered  by  Muddy 
and  Corabio  Creeks,  and  has  744  inhab.. 
itants. 

Breme,  a  cape  which  forms  the  S  caftern 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  Oroonokc  R.  oppofite 
Cape  Araya,  in  S.  America. 

BrcHtcnsMeff,  about  3  miles  from  New- 
port, is  the  fouthcrnmoft  poinfc  of  Rhode 
Ifland,  about  2  miles  E  cf  Beaver  Tail, 
Thefe  two  poiiits  form  the  mouth  of  Ncv.- 
pv?rt  I'.arljolir. 

Bnntwfia', 


n 


mi 


BRE 


BRE 


SrfnHv»«d,  a  townfhip  In  Rocldngham 
•oi  N.  Hanvpfliire,  having  899  inhabit- 
ants ;  diftant  7  miles  W  from  Exeter,  and 
sz  from  Portfmouth.  Vitriol  is  found 
here,  combined  in  the  fame  (lone  with 
liciphur. 

Bretoa,  Caps.  The  ifland,  or  rather  col- 
Ie<£tion  of  iflands,  called  by  the  F'-ench 
Let  ^s  de  Matlame,vrh\i:)\  hcs  fo  contigu- 
ous as  that  they  are  commonly  c;iUed  but 
one,  and  comprehended  under  the  name 
of  the  Ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  lies  between 
iat.  45  a8,  and  47  N,  and  between  59  44, 
»nd  61  39  W  Ion.  and  about  45  leagues  to 
the  eafhrard  of  Halifax.  It  is  about  109 
lailes  in  length,  and  from  30  to  84  in 
breadth  ;  and  is  feparated  from  Nova 
Scotia,  by  a  narrow  flrait,  called  the  Gut 
•f  Canfi,  which  is  the  communication  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Gulf  of 
St.  l^awrence.  It  is  furrounded  with  lit- 
\le  (harp  pointed  rocks,  feparated  from 
each  other  by  the  waves,  above  which 
fbme  of  their  tops  are  vifible,  and  inter- 
fe<^ed  with  lakes  and  rivers.  The  great 
Brafs  d'Or  is  a  very  extenllve  fheet  of 
water  M^ich  formsinto  an..s and  branches, 
and  opens  an  eafy  communication  with 
all  parts  of  the  Ifland.  All  its  harbours 
are  open  to  the  ead,  turning  towards  the 
fouth.  On  the  other  parts  of  the  coaft 
there  are  but  a  few  anchoring  places  for 
finall  veflels,  in  creeks,  or  between  iflets. 
The  harbour  of  St.  Peter's,  at  the  W  end 
of  the  ifland,  is  a  very  commodious  place 
§or  carrying  on  the  fifliery.  This  ifland 
was  roniidered  as  annexed  to  Nova  Scotia 
in  refpeiSl  to  matters  of  government  till 
3784,  when  it  was  eredled  into  a  fepar- 
j»te  government  by  the  name  of  Sydney. 
There  is  a  great  proportion  of  arable 
land  on  this  ifland ;  and  it  abounds  in 
timber  and  hard  wood,  fuch  as  pine, 
beach,  birch,  maple,  fpruce,  and  fir.  Here 
are  about  1000  inhabitants,  who  have  a 
lieutenant  governor  refident  among  them, 
appointed  by  the  king.  Ifle  Madame, 
which  is  an  appendage  to  this  govern- 
ment, is  fettled  for  the  mofl:  part  with 
French  Acadians,  about  50  families,whofe 
chief  employment  is  the  flfhery  aX  Afli- 
mot,  the  principal  harbour  in  this  little 
ifland.  The  principal  towns  are  Sydney, 
the  capital,  and  Louifburg,  which  has  the 
b  eft  harbour  in  the  ifland.  The  prefcnt 
feat  of  government  is  at  Spanifli  river,  on 
the  N  <i(le  nf  the  ifland.  This  i.land  may 
be  coniidered  as  the  key  to  Canada,  and 
the  very  valuable  fifhcry  in  its  neighbour- 
hood depends  fur  its  protec/ion  on  the 


poflTeflion  of  this  ifland  ;  as  no  nation  can 
carry  it  on  without  fome  convenient  har- 
bour of  ftrength  to  fupply  and  prote<£b  it, 
and  Louilburg  is  the  principal  one   for 
thefe  purpofcs.     The  peltry  trade  was  ev- 
er a  very  inconfiderable  obje*^:.     It  con- 
fifted  only  in  the  fkins  of  a  few  lynxes, 
elks,  mulk  rats,  wild  cats,   bears,  otters, 
and  foxes,  both  of  a  red,  lilver,  and  grey 
olour.    Some  of  thefe    were  procured 
rom  a  colony  of  Micraac  Indians,  who 
id  fettled  on  the  iflnhd  with  the  French, 
.  td  never  could  raife  more  than  60  men 
i  'le  to  bear  arms.    The  reft  came  from 
S     John's,  or   the   neighbouring  conti- 
nent.    Greater  advantages  are  now  de- 
rived from    the   coal  mines   which  are 
fituated  near  the  entrance  of  the  harbour, 
the  working  of  which,  and  the  filhery,  are 
the  chief  employment  of  the  inhabitants. 
They  lie  in  a  horizontal  direction  ;  and 
being  no  more  than  6  or  8  feet  below  the 
furface,  may  be  worked  without  digging 
deep,  or  draining  off  the  waters.    Not- 
withftanding  the  prodigious  demand   for 
this  coal  from  N.  England,  from  the  year 
I74,y  to  1749,  thefe  mines  would  proba- 
bly have  been  forfaken,  had  not  the  (hips 
which  were  fent  out  to  the  French  iflands 
wanted   ballad.     In  one  of  thefe  mines,  a 
fire  has  been  kindled,  which  could  never 
yet  be  extinguifhed.    Thefe  mines  yield 
\   revenue  of    ^la.ooo    yearly   to  the 
crown.     In  1 743,  while  this  ifland  belong- 
ed to  the  French,  they  caught  1,149,000 
quintals  of  dry  fifli,  and  3,500,000  do.  of 
mud  fifb,  the  value  of  both  which,  includ- 
ing 3,1 16-J  tons  of  train  oil,  drawn  from 
the  blubber,  amounted  to  £926,577  lOf 
flerling,  according  to  the  prime  coft  of  the 
fifli  at  Newfoundland.  .  The  whole  value 
of  this   trade,  annually,  at    that  period, 
amounted  to  a  million   fte: '  ng.     No  lef» 
than  564  (hips,  befide  (haUops,  and  37,000 
feamen,  were  employed  in  this  trade.     At 
prefent  the  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  take 
about  30,000  quintals  of  fiili,  annually, 
which  are    fliipped   for   Spain   and   the 
Straits,  principally   by   merchants  from 
Jerfcy  (in    England)  who  yearly   refort* 
here,  apd  keep  ftores  of  fupplies  for   the 
fiflierinen.     '''hough   fomc  fifl^ermen  had 
long  rtforted  to  this  ifland  every  fummer, 
the  French,  who  took  pofleflion  of  it   in 
Auguft,  1713,  were  properly  the  firft  fet- 
tled inhabitants.     They  changed  its  name 
into   that    of  TJle  Rnyale,  and    fixed  upon 
Fort  Dauphin   for  their  principal   fettle- 
ment.     In  1720,  the  fortifications  of  Lou- 
ilburg were    begun.    The  other  fettle- 
-        ,  '         ment* 


BRI 


BRI 


•o  nation  can 
ivenient  har- 
id  protedt  it, 
>al  one  for 
radewas  ev- 
!«ft.     It  con- 
few  lynxes, 
bars,  otters, 
r,  and  grey 
e  procured 
dians,  who 
the  French, 
lan  60  men 
came  from 
ring  conti- 
e  now  de- 
which  are 
le  harbour, 
filhery,  are 
nhabitants. 
flion ;  and 
below  the 
ut  digging 
era.    Not- 
imand   for 
I  the  year 
Id  proba- 
t  tlie  fhips 
ich  i  (lands 
°e  mines,  a 
uld  never 
nes   yield 
y  to  the 
d  belong- 
1,149,000 
30  do.  of 
h,  includ- 
iwn  from 

..W7  icy 

oft  of  the 
ole  value 

period. 

No  lef* 
d  27,000 
ide.    At 
tnd  take 
nnually, 
ind   the 
Its  from 
refort' 
for   the 
nen  had 
iinimer, 
f  it   in 
firft  fet- 
ts  name 
i  upnit 

fcttle- 
)f  Lou- 

fettle- 

uienti 


ments  were  at  Port  Touloufe,  NefHka,i&c. 
The  idand  remained  in  the  puflefliun  of 
the  French  till  1745,  when  it  was  captur- 
ed by  the  N.  England  militia  under  the 
command  of  William  Pepperell,  Efq.  a 
colonel  of  the  militia,  a.tA  a  fquadron  un- 
der commodore  Warr.  .  It  i-as  after- 
wards reftored  to  the  French,  and  again 
taken  in  1753,  by  admiral  Bol'cawen  and 
general  Amherft,  when  the  garrifou,  con- 
fifting  of  5600  men,  were  made  prifoners  ; 
and  II  men  of  war  in  the  harbour,  were 
either  taken,  funk,  burnt  or  deftroyed  ; 
and  it  was  ceded  to  Great  JBritaia  by  the 
peace  of  1763. 

Brewer,  a  (Irait  in  the  Magellanic  fea, 
about  the  ifland  called  Staten  Land,  which 
parts  it  from  the  ftraits  Le  Maire.  It  was 
difcovered  by  the  Dutch  navigator  Brew- 
er, about  the  year  1643. 

Brewers  Haven,  a  good  harbour,  at  the 
N  end  of  the  ifland  of  Chiloe,  on  the  coaft 
of  Chili,  in  S.  America,  and  in  the  S.  Sea. 
Lat.  4X  30,  km.  74  W. 

Brenvington  Fort,  N.  York,  and  at  the 
W  end  of  Lake  Oneida,  about  24  miles  S 
E  from  Fort  Ofwego. 

Briar  Creek,  a  water  of  Savannah  R.  in 
Georgia.  Its  mouth  is  about  50  miles  S  £ 
by  S  from  Augufta,  and  SS  N  wellerly 
from  Savannah.  Here  Gen.  Prevoft  de- 
feated a  party  of  2000  Americans,  under 
Gen.  Afli,  May  3, 1779  ;  they  had  above 
300  killed  and  taken,  befide  a  great  num- 
ber drowned  in  the  river  and  fwamps. 
The  whole  artillery,  baggage  and  ftores 
were  taken. 

Bridgeport,  a  thriving  village  between 
Stratford  and  Fairfield,  in  FairjSeld  co. 
Connedticut,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept, 
304  miles  from  Waihington. 

Bridgetown,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  40  miles  N  W  Portland,  E  of 
Fryeburg.  It  contains  646  inhabitants. 
Bridgetown  conGfts  of  large  hills  and  val- 
lies  :  the  highland  affords  red  oak,  which 
are  often  3  feet,  and  fometimes  four,  in  di- 
ameter ;  and  60  or  70  feet  without  any 
brandies.  The  vallies  are  covered  with 
rock  maple,  bafs,  afli,  birch,  pine  and  hem- 
lock. There  is  a  curiofity  to  be  feen  in 
Long  Pond,  which  lies  moftly  in  Bridge- 
town, which  may  afford  matter  of  fpecu- 
lation  to  the  natural  philofopher.  On  the 
eafterly  fide  of  the  pond  is  a  cove  which 
extends  about  100  rods  farther  E  than  the 
general  courfe  of  the  ftiore,  the  bottom  is 
clay,  and  fo  flioal  that  a  man  may  wade 
y3  rods  into  the  pond.  On  the  bottom  of 
this  rove  are  IWies  of  various  iizei,  which] 


it  ij  evident  from  various  circtunAatictti 
have  an  annual  motion  towards  the  Ihore  ; 
the  proof  of  this  is  the  mark  or  track  left 
behind  them,  and  the  bodies  of  clay  driv* 
en  up  before  them.  Some  of  thele  Qoaet 
are  a  or  3  tons  weight,  and  have  left  a 
track  of  feveral  rods  beliind  them;  ha»^ 
ing  at  lead  a  CMnmon  cart  load  of  clay 
betore  them.  'I'ha  fliore  of  the  cove  i« 
lined  with  thefe  ftones,  which,  it  would 
feem,  have  crawled  out  of  the  water,  iiee 
Seitrgo  Pbiid, 

Bridgetown,  a  poft  town  in  Kent  CO.  Ma- 
ryland, lao  miles  N  E  from  Wafliington, 
and  45  E  of  Baltimore,  on  the  E  line  of 
the  State. 

Bridgetown,  the  chief  town  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  N.  Jerfey,  lies  on  both  fides  Co- 
hamsie  Creek,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  ; 
veffels  of  100  tons  can  come  up  here,  ft 
is  so  miles  S  S  E  of  Philadelphia,  80  S  by 
E  from  Trenton. 

Bridgetown^  IV,  a  poft  town  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  N.  Jerfey,  on  Cohanzie  Creek,  3j 
miles  S  of  Philadelphia,  and  ijj  from 
Wafliington. 

Bridgetown,  a  poft  town  in  Queen  Ann 
CO.  Maryland,  lies  on  the  weftern  fide  of 
Tuckahoe  Creek,  8  miles  E  from  Centre- 
ville,  as  far  S  E  from  ChurcJi  Hill,  and  6j 
S  W  from  Philadelphia. 

Bridgetown,  in  the  iiland   of  Antigua 

See  fVilloug/jiy  Bay. 

Bridgetown,  the  metropolis  of  the  ifland 
of  Barbadoes,  in  the  W.  Indies,  lying  in 
the  S  W  part  of  the  iiland,  and  in  the  par- 
illi  of  St.  Michael.  It  is  fituated  in  tJic 
innermoft  part  of  Carlifle  bay,  which  is 
large  enough  to  contain  5C0  fliips,  being 
i-}£  league  long  and  one  broad ;  but  the 
bottom  is  foul  and  apt  to  cut  the  cables. 
This  city  was  burnt  down  April  18, 
1668.  It  fuflercd  alio  greatly  by  fires  ou 
Feb.  8,  I7j6,  May  i^,  1766,  and  Dee. 
27,  1 767,  at  which  times  the  greatcft  part 
of  the  town  was  deftroyed  ;  before  tlvefe 
fires  it  had  1500  houfes,  moftly  brick,  very 
elegant,  and  faid  to  be  the  fineft  and  larg- 
eft  in  all  the  Caribbee  ifiands  ;  tlMji^own 
has  fince  been  rebuilt.  The  ftreets  are 
broad,  the  houfes  high,  and  there  is  alio 
a  Chcapfide,  where  the  rents  are  as  high 
as  thofe  in  London.  It  has  a  college, 
founded,  and  liberally  endowed  by  Col. 
Codrington,  the  only  inftitution  of  the 
kind  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  but  it  does  not 
appear  that  its  fuccefs  has  anfwered  the 
defigns.j  the  founder.  The  town  h^s 
commodious  wharves  for  loading  and  un- 
loading goods,  attd  is  wcU  .defended  by  a 

nuuiber 


iKi'Sl 


feRI 


BRI 


\ 


iillj, ! 


itamber  of  forts  ;  but  it  i»  vtry  fu^jcil  to 
hurricanei.  As  the  wind  generally  blows 
ft-om  the  £  or  N  £,  the  £  part  of  the  town 
is  called  the  windward,  and  the  W  part 
leeward.  The  number  of  militia  for 
Bridgetown  and  St.  Michael's  precindt  is 
isoo  men,  who  are  called  the  royal  regi- 
ment of  foot  guards.  This  is  the  feat  of 
the  governor,  council,  aflembly,  and  court 
of  chancery.  About  a  mile  from  town  to 
the  N'  fi  the  governor  has  a  fine  feat  built 
by  the  aiTembly,  called  PUgrim.  The 
church  is  as  large  as  many  cathedrals,  has 
a  noble  organ,  and  a  ring  of  bells,  with  a 
curious  clock.  Here  are  large  and  elegant 
taverns,  eating  houfes,  &c.  anu  packet 
boats  have  lately  been  eftablifhed  to  carry 
letters  to  and  from  Great  Britain  monthly. 
N  lat.  13  ^\  W  Ion.  60  z\.  This  was 
the  ftate  of  the  capital  of  Barbadoes  in 
the  fummer  of  1780.  It  had  fcarccly  rifen 
from  the  aflies  to  which  it  had  been  redu- 
ced by  the  dreadful  fires  already  mention- 
ed, when  it  W.1S  torn  from  its  foundations, 
and  the  whole  country  made  a  fcene  of 
defolation,  by  tl»e  ftorm  of  the  lOth  of  OiSl. 
1780,  in  which  above  4000  of  the  inhabit- 
ants miferably  periflied  ;  the  force  of  the 
wind  was  then  fo  great,  as  not  only  to 
blow  down  the  '^'rongcft  walls,  but  even 
lifted  forae  piecci  of  cannon  off  the  ram- 
parts and  carry  them  fome  yards  dift- 
ance  ;  and  the  damage  to  the  country  in 
general  was  eftimated  at /^  1,320,504-15 
fterling,  and  it  is  fcarccly  yet  reftored  to 
its  former  fplendor. 

Bridgetvater,  a  townflijp  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  1769,  and 
contains  664  inhabitants. 

Brid^i-wnter,  a  townfhip  in  Somcrfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  which  contained  in  179c,  2578 
inhabitants. 

Briifgnoater,  a  port  town  in  Plymouth 
CO.  MalTachufetts,  containinjj  5200  in- 
habitants ;  5  miles  N  E  from  Raynham  ; 
about  30  miles  E  of  S  from  Bofton,  in 
wliich  large  quantities  of  hard  ware,  nails, 
&c.  are  manufaiS^ared. 

Briffftvialtr,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  about  55  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton. It  has  two  religious  focietics,  one 
baptift,  one  congregational.  It  has  one 
grift  mill,  one  fulling  mill,and  fix  faw  mills. 
It  IS  watered  by  Qupchy  river  and  its 
branches.  A  quarry  of  marble,  and  a  bed 
ef  iron  ore  have  been  found  here.  It  has 
7S0  inhabitants,  and  was  incorporated 
1785. 

Brldfinrt,  a  townfhip  In  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  £  fhore  of  Lake  Champlain, 


oppofiti  Crown  Point,  and  W  of  Middl*- 
bury. 

Briery  £.  a  (mall  fh-eam  which  runs  into 
the  Appomatoz,  in  Prince  Edward  co. 
Virginia. 

Brigantine  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Jerfey, 
between  Great  and  Little  Egg  Harbour. 

Brimfield,  a  townHiip  in  Hampfl)irc  co. 
MalTachufetts,  having  1384  inhabitants  ; 
34  miles  S  £  of  Northampton,  and  70  W 
of  Bofton. 

Brian  IJU,  one  of  the  Magdalene  mara« 
time  ifles  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Brifiol,  a  pofttown  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
having  ^62  inhabitants  ;  diftant  204  mile* 
N  £  from  Bofton,  and  15  S  £  of  Wiicaffet. 

BriJIol,  a  county  in  the  fouthern  part  of 
Mafl'achufetts,  £  of  a  part  of  the  ftate  of 
Rhode  ifland.  It  has  15  townfhips,  of 
which  Taunton  is  the  chief;  and  33,830 
inhabitants.  The  great  lachem  Pliillip 
refided  here  ;  [fee  Raynbam'] ;  and  it  was 
called  by  the  Indians  Pa-wiunnaiviutt  ; 
from  which  the  nation  derived  the  name ; 
but  were  fometimes  ftylcd  the  JVamponoags. 

Brifiol  Co.  in  Rliode  Illand,  contains  the 
townllijps  of  Briftul,  Warren,  and  Bar- 
rington  ;  having  3801  inhabitants.  It  has 
Briftol  CO.  in  MalTachufetts,  on  the  N  E, 
and  Mount  Hope  bay  E. 

Brijiol,  a  feaport  and  poft  town,  and 
chief  of  the  above  county.  It  is  about  3 
miles  from  the  N  end  of  Rhode  I.  connedt- 
ed  by  a  ferry  about  half  a  mile  broad  :  13 
miles  northerly  from  Newport,  24  S  E 
from  Providence,  and  63  from  Bofton. 
Briftol  fuffered  greatly  by  the  ravages  of 
the  late  war  ;  but  is  now  in  a  very  riour- 
iftiing  ftate,  having  1678  inhabitants.  It 
is  beautiful  for  fituation,  healthful  climate, 
rich  foil,  and  a  commodious,  fafe  harbour. 
Onions,  in  confiderable  quantities,  and  a 
variety  of  provilions  and  garden  roots  and 
vegetables  are  raifed  here  for  exportation. 
N  lat.  40  40. 

Brijlcl,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co.  Con- 
nedUcut,  16  miles  W  of  the  city  of 
Hartford. 

BriJlol,  a  poft  town  in  Bucks  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  1 1  miles  S  S  E  from  Newtown, 
and  20  N  E  from  Pluladclphia.  It  ftands 
on  Delaware  R.  oppofite  Burlington,  in  N. 
Jerfey ;  and  has  about  50  or  60  J.oufes. 
It  is  a  great  thoroughfare,  and  is  noted 
for  its  mills  of  feveral  kinds. 

Brifcl,  a  townfliip  in  Philadelphia  co. 

Brijhl,  a  fmall  town  in  Charles  co. 
Maryland. 

Brijiol,  a  poft  town  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, 10  miks  E  of  Vergenne*. 

Brif.d, 


Jtrljiul 
ribout  2(1 
rated  in) 

Brijlo^ 
ica,  is  fo 
f.n  the  i 
on  the 


BRt 


BR  I 


of  Middle* 

:h  runs  into 
Edward  co. 

ifN.Jcrfey, 
Harbuur. 
mpfliirc  CO. 
ihabitnnts  ; 
,  and  70  W 

dene  mara<i 
vrcnce. 
ICO.  Maine, 
It  204  mile* 
fWifcaffet. 
lern  part  of 
the  ftate  of 
trnfliips,  of 
and  33,830 
em  Plullip 
and  it  was 
unnaivkutt  ; 
the  name ; 
Vamponoags. 
}ntains  the 
\,  and  Bar- 
ents. It  h.19 
in  the  N  E, 

town,  and 

is  about  3 

[.  conne£t- 

broad  :  13 

t,  a4S  E 

m  Bo/ton. 

ravages  of 

cry  riour- 

itants.    It 

climate, 

harbour. 

les,  and  a 

roots  and 

jortation. 

CO.  Con- 
city  of 

:o.  Penn- 
lewtown, 

It  ftands 
ton,  in  N. 
houfes. 

is  noted 

Iphia  CO. 
irles   CO. 

CO.  Ver- 

Brlf.aU 


TfrlPol,  a  town  in  Schoharie  co.  N.York, 
jibout  %o  miles  S  of  Schoharie  ;  incorpo- 
rated in  1797. 

Brifol  Bay, on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, is  forjned  by  the  peninl'ula  of  Alivdca 
en  the  S  and  S  E,  and  by  Cape  Newnham 
on  the  N  ;  and  is  very  broad  and  capa- 
cious. A  river  of  tlie  lame  name  runs  in- 
to it  from  the  £. 

Britain,  New.  The  country  lying  round 
Iliidfon  bay,  or  the  country  of  the  Efqui- 
m*ux,  comprehending  I-abrador,  New 
North  and  South  Wales,  has  obtained  the 
general  name  of  New  Britain,  and  is  at- 
tached to  the  govel-nment  t)f  l^ower  Cau- 
ad;u  A  ftiperintendant  of  trade,  appoint- 
ed by  the  governor  general  of  toe  four 
Britilh  provinces,  and  rel'ponfible  to  him, 
rcfides  at  Labrador.  The  principal  rivers 
which  water  this  aiuntry,  are  the  Wager^ 
Monk,  Seal,  Pockerekelko,  Churchill, 
Nelfon,  Hayes,  New  Severn,  Albany  and 
Moofe  rivers,  all  which  empty  into  Hud- 
fon  and  James'  bay,  fircrni  the  W  and  S. 
I'he  mouths  of  all  the  rivers  are  filled 
with  flioals,  except  Churchill's,  in  which 
the  largeft  fliips  may  lie  ;  but  ten  miles 
higher  the  channel  is  obftruifted  by  fand 
banks.  AH  the  rivers,  as  far  as  they  have 
been  explored,  are  full  ©f  rapids  and  cat- 
aradls,  from  10  to  60  feet  perpendictilar. 
Down  thefe  rivers  the  Indian  traders  find 
a  quick  palfage  ;  but  their  return  is  a  la- 
bour of  many  months.  Copper  Mine, 
and  Mc  Kenzies  rivers,  fall  into  the  N. 
Sea.  As  far  inland  as  the  Hudfon  Bay 
company  have  fettlements,  which  is  600 
miles  to  the  weft  of  fort  Churchill,  at  a 
place  called  Hudfon  Houfe,  lat.  53,  Ion. 
106  17  W  from  London,  is  flat  country; 
nor  is  it  knowH^Trow  far  to  theendward, 
the  great  chain  feen  by  navigators  from 
the  Pacific  ocean,  branches  oft'  From 
Moofe  river,  or  the  bottom  of  the  Bay, 
to  Cape  Churchill,  the  land  is  flat,  marfliy 
and  wooded  with  pines,  birch,  larch  and 
willows.  From  Cape  Churchill,  to  Wag- 
er's river,  the  coafts  are  high  and  rocky 
to  the  very  fea,  and  woodlefs,  except  the 
mouths  of  Pockerekeflco  and  Seal  rivers. 
The  hills  on  their  back  are  naked,  nor  are 
there  any  trees  for  a  great  diftance  inland. 
'I'he  eartern  coafl:  is  barren,  part  the  efforts 
•  of  cultivation.  The  furface  is  every  where 
iineven,  and  covered  with  inafles  of  ftone 
of  an  amazing  fize.  It  is  a  country  of 
barren  vallies  and  frightful  mountains, 
(ouie  of  an  aftonifliing  height.  The  val- 
lies are  full  of  lakes,  formed  not  of  fprings, 
hut  rain  and  fnow,  fo  chilly  as  to  be  pro- 
Voi.  I.  H 


dudUve  of  fmall  trout  and  a  few  other  fiflfc 
The  mountains  have  here  and  tlierc  a 
blighted  fliruh,  or  a  little  ir.ofs.  1  he  val- 
lies are  full  of  crooked,  ftinted  trees,  pine  i, 
fir,  birch,  and  cedars,  or  rather  a  fpeciet 
of  the  juniper.  In  lat.  60,  on  the  coaft, 
vegetation  ceafes.  The  whole  fliore,  like 
that  on  the  weft,  is  faced  with  ifiands  at 
fome  diftance  from  land.  As  dilinal  and 
frozen  as  thrle  regions  are,  they  are  be- 
coming ftill  more  cold  and  intolerable. 
The  forefts  here  are  furrounded  with 
ftumps  and  old  dead  trees  for  20  miles 
and  more.  The  fturdy  woods  bow  to  the 
ftorras  ;  the  winds  and  Ihows  forbid  them 
to  rile.  There  was  an  intercouric  be- 
tween Denmark  and  OreeiWand  from  the 
t^uth  to  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the 
Greenlanders  became  impiiloncd  by  the 
increafe  of  ardtic  ice.  Thus  w  hile  other 
climes  are  becoming  more  mild,  the  north 
part  of  N.  Aniorica  is  more  inlioJpitable, 
and  trightful.  The  laudable  7;cai  of  the 
Moravian  clergy  induced  them,  in  the 
year  1752,  to  fend  niiflionaries  from 
Greenland  to  this  country,  'i'hey  fixed 
on  Neflbit's  harbour  for  their  fettlement  ; 
but  of  the  firft  party,  ibme  of  tl>cm  were 
killed,  and  the  others  driven  away.  In 
1764,  under  the  prote<ftion  of  tJie  Britilh 
government,  another  attempt  was  made. 
The  miffionaries  were  well  received  by 
the  Efquimaux,  and  the  mifiion  goes  on 
with  fuccefs.  The  knov/lcdge  of  thefe 
northern  ieas  and  countries  was  owing 
to  a  proje(5l  ftarted  in  England  for  the  dil- 
covery  of  a  N  W  paflage  to  China  and 
theEaft  Indies,  as  early  as  the  year  1756. 
Since  then  it  has  been  frequently  dropped, 
and  as  often  revived,  -iHit  never  yet  com- 
pleted. Frobi flier,  about  the  yoar  1576, 
difcovered  the  Main  of  New  Britain,  or 
Terra  de  Labrador,  and  thofe  ftraits  to 
which  he  has  given  his  name.  In  1585, 
John  Davis  failed  from  Portfmouth,  and 
viewed  that  ard  the  more  northern  coafts, 
but  he  fecms  never  to  have  entered  the 
bay.  Hudfon  made  three  voyages  on  the 
fame  adventure,  the  firft  in  1607,  tlie 
fecond  in  1608,  and  his  third  andlaft  in 
1610.  This  bold  and  judicious  navigator 
entered  the  ftrait»  that  lead  into  the  bay 
known  by  his  name,  coafted  a  great  part 
of  it,  and  penetrated  to  eighty  degrees; 
and  a  half,  into  the  heart  of  the  frozen 
zone.  His  ardor  for  the  diicovery  not 
being  abated  by  the  difficulties  he  ftrug- 
gled  with  in  this  empire  of  winter,  and 
world  of  froft  and  fnow,  he  ftayed  here 
until  the  enfuing  fpring,  and  prepared,  iii 

iaa- 


/■ 


BRI 


^Rl 


iHSM 


ill.,  it  J 


the  Itf ginning  of  1611,  to  purAic  hit  dif' 
coverie8,but  hia  crew,  who  fuffered  equal 
harddiips,  without  the  famefpirit  tofupr 
port  them,  mutinied,  feized  upon  him  a4id 
feven  of  thofe  who  were  mod  faitjiful  to 
him,  and  committed  them  to  the  fury  of 
the  icy  feas,  in  an  open  boat.    Huafon 
and  his  companions  were  eitiier  fwallow- 
cd  up  by  thu  Avaves,  or  gaining  the  iuhof- 
pitabie  coaft,  were  deflroycd  by  the  fav- 
agcs ;  but  the  fliip  and  the  reft  of  the 
men  returned  home.     Though  the  ad- 
ventnreri  failed  in  the  original  purpofe 
fur  which  they  navigated   dudion  bay, 
yet  the  projedt,  evei>  in  it«  failure,  has 
bcenof  great  advantage  tq  England.   The 
vail  countries  which  furround  Hudfon 
bay,  abound  with  animals,  whofe  fur  and 
ikins  are  excellent.    In  f  670,  a  charter 
•was  granted  to  the  Hudfon  bay  company, 
which  does  not  cpnfid  of  r^bove  9  or  10 
perfons,  for  the  exclulivc  trade  to  {his 
bay,  and  they  have  adtcd  under  it  ever 
fiaee,  with  great  benefit  to  the  individuals 
who  cnmpofe  the  company,  though  com- 
paratively with  little  advantage  to  Brit- 
ain.   The  company  employ  4  fliips,  and 
130  feamen.    They  have  feveral  forts, 
viz.  Prince  of  Wales  fqrt,  Churchill  river, 
Nelfon,  New  Severn,  Albany,  on  the  W 
tide  of  the  bay,  and  are  garrilbned  by  1 86 
men.    The  French,  in  May,  J78»,  took 
and  dei^royed  thefe  forts,  and  the  fettle- 
ments,  &c^  faid  to  amount  to  the  value  of 
£.500,000.    They  export  commodities  tp 
the  value  of  £.16,000,  and  carry  home 
returni  to  ttte  value  of  £.29.340,  which 
yield  to  the  revenue  £.3734.  "  This  in- 
cludes the  f)(hery  in  Hudfon's  hay     The 
ionly  attempt  to  trade  to  that  part  which 
is  called  Labrador,  has  been  diretfted  to- 
wards the  fifliery.     The  annual  produce 
of  the  fifliery  amounts  to  upwards  of 
£.49,000.    Sec  M/gtiimaux.    The  whole  of 
the  fettlements  in  New  Britain,  including 
fuch  as  have  been  mentioned,  are  as  fol- 
low, which  fee   under  their  refpe<£tiv^ 
heads  t  Abbitibbi,  Frederick,  Baft  Main, 
andBrunfwickhoufes;  Moofefort;  Hen- 
ley, Olouceder,  and  Ofnaburg  houfes  ; 
and  a  houfe  on  Winnipeg  lake ;  Severn, 
or  New  Severn  ;    York  fort,  or  Nelfon  ,• 
Churchills  fort,  or  Prince  of  Wales  fart : 
South  Branch,  Hi)dipn's,  Manchefter,  and 
Buckingham  houfes :  the  laft  is  the  weft, 
crnmoft  fettlemcnt,  and  lately  eredled. 

Britain,  Netu,  a  large  ifland  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  lying  N  £  of  Danxpier's  ftraits, 
between  4  and  7  S  lat.  and  146  and  149 
^  Ion.  from  Paris.    Its  N'^int  is  called 


Cape  Stephen's ;  it»  £  point  Cape  Qr- 
ford  ;  and  a  bay  about  the  middle  of  it$ 
eaftern  coaft,  is  called  Port  Montague. 
Thcfe  names  were  given  by  Capt.  Carte- 
ret, who  vifited  this  ifland  in  1767,  and 
found  it  much  fmaller  than  was  fuppofed 
by  Dampier,  who  firft  difcovercd  it  to  be 
an  ifland.  There  is  nothing  yet  difcov- 
ercd peculiarly  different  in  its  produc- 
tions or  its  inhabitants,  fromthofc  of  the 
other  iflands  in  it?  neighbourhood.  It  ha; 
the  appearaiicc  of  a  piountainous  country, 
and  is  covered  with  large  and  ftntely  trees. 
It  is  furrounded  with  ifiany  fertile  lliands, 
inoft  of  which  arc  faid  to  yield  abundance 
pf  plantain  and  copoa  nut  trees. 

B/itiJh  America.  Under  the  general 
liame  of  firitifh  America,  we  comprehend 
the  vaft  extent  of  cpuntry,  bpundcd  S  by 
the  United  States  of  America,  and  the 
Atlantic  ocean  ;  £  by  the  fame  ocean  and 
Davis's  Araits,  which  divide  it  fron^ 
Greenland ;  extending  N  to  the  northern 
fimits  of  Hudfon  bay  charter ;  and  weft- 
ivard  indefinitely ;  lying  between  4a  30 
and  70  N  lat.  and  between  50  and  96  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich.  Britifli  America  i 
divided  into  four  provinces,  viz.  i.  Upper 
Canada  ;  3.  Lower  Canada,  to  which  is 
annexed  New  Britain,  or  the  country  ly- 
ing round  Hudfon  bay,  and  the  ifland  of 
Cape  Breton ;  which  ifland,  in  1784,  was 
formed  into  a  feparate  gpverninent  by 
the  name  of  Sydney.  3.  New  Brunfwick ; 
4.  Nova  Seotia,  to  which  is  annexed  the 
ifland  of  $t.  John's.  Beiide  thefe,  there  . 
is  the  ifland  of  Newfoundland,  which  is 
governed  by  the  admiral  for  the  time  be- 
ing, and  two  lieqterant  governors,  wh(> 
refide  at  Placentia  aqd  St.  John's.  The 
troops  ftationed  at  Newfoundland,  how- 
ever, arc  fubjedl  to  the  prders  of  the  gov- 
ernor general  of  the  fopr  Britifh  prov- 
inces. The  number  9^  people  in  the 
whole  of  the  northern  Britifli  colonies  is 
perhaps  160,000  or  180,000.  Since  the 
four  provinces  have  been  put  under  a 
general  governor ;  the  governor  of  each 
is  ftyled  lieutenant  governor.  The  Vc^i- 
dence  pf  the  general  governor  is  at  Que- 
bec. The  river  St.  Lawrence  remains 
ufually  locked  up  one  half  of  the  year  ; 
and  although,  in  1784,  it  was  confidently 
faid,  that  the  Britifh  provinces  would  be 
able  in  three  years  to  fupply  all  the  Weft 
Indies  with  lumber  and  provifions,  yet  it 
was  found  neceffary  to  import  lumber  and 
provifions  into  Nova  Scotia,  from  the  U. 
States.  Thus,  in  1790,  there  were  flup- 
ped  from  the  U.  S.  to  Nova  Scotia,  alone, 

540,000 


fceti 


BRO 


BflO 


540,cco (laves and  heading;  924,980 feet 
of  board*;  485,006  fliinglei,  and  16,000 
hoops;  40,000  bbls.  of  bread  and  flour; 
I  and  80,000  buflielt  of  grain,  beyond  her 
')  own  confumption;  Newfoundland  fur- 
niflied  the  Britifli  W.  Indies  with  806,459 
quintal*  of  fifli,  on  au  average  of  four 
years,  ending  with  1786.  The  only  pro- 
viiions  exported  to  Jamaica,  from  Canada, 
N6va  Scotia,  and  St.  John's,  between  3d 
of  April,  1 783,  and  a6th  of  0«3ober,  1784, 
•irere  180  bilOieli  of  potatoes,' and  751 
jhhds'.  and  about  500  bbls.  of  failed  fifh. 
Of  lumber,  the  Quantity  wa*  510,088 
feet ;.  30  bundles  of  hoops;  and  301,334 
ihingics ;  and  On  an  average  of  5  year*, 
from  176S  to  177^,  the  whole  exports  to 
Jamaica,  from  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
St.  J6hn's,  Were  only  33  bbU  of  flour,  7 
hhds.  of  fifli,  8  bbls.  of  oil,  3  bbls  of  tar, 
pitch  and  turpentine  ;  36,000  fliingle* 
and  flavcs,  and  17,335  feet  of  lumber. 
From  the  cuflom  houfe  returns  it  appears 
that  of  X3o8  cargoes  of  lumber  and  pro- 
vifions  imported  from  N.  America, to  the 
Britifli  fugar  colonies,  in  177a,  only  7  of 
thofe  cargoes  were  from  Canada  and  Nova 
Scotia ;  and  that  of  701  topfail  veflels  and 
j68i  floops,  which  had  cleared  outwards 
from  N.  America,  to  the  Britifli,  and  for- 
eign, W.  Indies,  only  3  of  the  topfail  vef- 
fels,  and  11  of  the  (loops  were  from  thefe 
provinces :  and  it  has  been  proved,  that 
in  the  years  1779,  ^780,  1781,  and  1781, 
the  fcarcity  in  Canada  had  been  fuch,  as 
to  occaflon  the  export  of  all  bread,  wheat, 
and  flour,  to  be  prohibited  by  authority ; 
and  in  1784,  when  a  parliamentary  in* 
quiry  took  place  concerning  what  fupplics 
the  W.  Indies  might  expedk  from  Canada 
and  Nova  Scotia,  a  fliip  in  the  river 
Thames  was  aiStually  loading  with  flour 
for  Quebec.  Edtuardt. 

Broadalbin,  a  townfhip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  about  30  miles  W  of  Ball- 
town  Springs. 

Broad  Bay,  in  Maine.lies  on  the  line  of 
Lincoln  and  Hancock  counties,  bounded 
by  Pemaquid  Point  on  the  W,  and  Pleaf- 
ant  Point  on  the  £.  On  the  fhore  of  this 
bay  was  an  ancient  Dutch  fettlement. 

Broadjitld,  a  pofl  town  in  Weftmoreland 
en.  Virginia,  96  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Btoadiill,  a  pod  town  in  Suflex  co.  Del- 
aware, 166  miles  from  Wafliington,  and 
about  10  N  of  Lewi  flown. 

Broad  River,  is  an  arm  of  the  fea,  which 
extends  along  the  W  and  N  W  ftdc*  of 
Beaufort  or  Port  Royal  ifland,  on  the 
coafl  of  S.  Carolina,  and  receives  Coofa 


from  the  N  W.  Coofa  R.  may  likewife 
be  called  an  arm  of  the  fea  ;  its  waterd 
extend  N  wcflward,  and  meet  thofc  of 
Broad  R. round  a  fmall  illand  at  the  mouth 
of  Coofa  Hatchec  R.  Thefe  two  arm* 
embrace  all  the  iflands  between  Comba- 
hee  R.  and  Dawfuflcee  found,  with  which 
alfo  Broad  R.  communicate*.  Channel* 
between  Broad  R.  and  Cn.tCt  form  the 
ifland*  The  entrance  through  Broad  R. 
to  Beaufort  harbour,  one  ot  the  befl  in 
the  flate,  i*  between  Hilton'*  Head  and 
St.  Phillips  point. 

Broad  River,  or  Cbtrakeehatv,  a  water  of 
Savannah  R.  from  the  Georgia  fide.  Ic 
empties  into  the  Savannah  at  Feterlburg. 
At  a  trifling  expenfc,  it  might  he  made 
boatable  35  or  30  miles  through  the  bcft 
fettlements  in  Wilkes  county. 

Broad  Jkiver,  in  S.  Carolina,  rife*  by  3 
branches  from  the  N  W,  viz.  the  £nno- 
ree,  Tiger,  and  Packolet  ;  which  unite 
about  40  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Saluda 
R.  which,  with  Broad  R.  form*  Congarte 
R.  Broad  R.  may  be  rendeicd  navigable 
30  miles  in  N.  Carolina. 

Broken  Arrow, or  Clay  Cat/la,  an  Indian 
town  in  the  Creek  country,  in  Weft  Flori- 
da, on  the  W  fide  of  Chuta  Uclie  R.  iz 
miles  below  the  Ctiflitah  and  Coweta 
towns,  where  the  river  is  fordable.  Sec 
Cotieta,  and  Flint  R. 

Broomlty,  a  townfliip  in  Bennington  co. 
Vermont,  about  33  miles  Neaflerly  from 
Bennington,     lit  has  71  inhabitants. 

BrcerxUy,  a  town  in  Somcrfet  co.  N.  Jer- 
fcy,  about  30  miles  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

Srookfetd,  a  port  town  in  Worccfler  co. 
Mafliachufetts,  is  among  the  firl^  towns  as 
to  age,  wealth,  and  numbers,  in  the  coun- 
ty ;  containing  3384  inhabitants.  The 
great  pofl  road  from  Boflon  to  N.  York 
runs  through  it.  It  is  64  miles  W  of  Bof- 
ton  and  1 8  W  of  Worccfler.  The  Indian 
name  of  this  town  was  ^aboag.  The 
river  which  ftill  retains  the  name  pafles 
through  it ;  and.like  its  other  ftreams  and 
ponds,  abounds  with  various  kinds  of  fiih. 
There  are  feveral  pond*  in  the  town,  3 
congregational  meeting  hoofet,  and  one 
for  Baptifls.  Here  is  iron  ure,  and  large 
quantities  of  (lone  which  yield  copperas, 
and  have  a  flrong  vitriolic  quality.  Thi* 
town  was  fettled-  b^  people  frpm  Ipfwich, 
io  16^0,  and  was  incorporated  in  1673. 

Aiotfield,  a  townfliip  in^iinge  co.  Ver- 
mont, ac  miles  W  S  W  onf«°wbury. 

Brotifield,  a  town  in  Chenengo  co.  N. 
York ;  u  has  1973  inhahitaott,  35  mile*  S 
of  Whiteflowa. 

BrtoifitU, 


»>! 


li  RO 


BRO 


ai  !•  I 


JSiooi/u' I'tii  port  fo'vii  in  I'i«inK-Kl  CO. 
Coiinci^icut,6  niilci  N  N  E  Jiom  Danbury, 

Hrooi/icli/,-A  town  III   KiTl-X    cit.  N.  Yori, 

tal:i;ii  friim  t'le  S  part  of  Wiliflturou;;!), 
fUii,U»'cl  N  of  Eliz.ihctlitowu,  ou  the  W 
I):in1:  of  l.ukc  Chutn;>l,tin. 

Jhin/H/t^rijr,  a  port  (own  in  Amelia  CO, 
Viigi.iia,  i8j  miles  S  S  W  from  Walliiiig- 
(un. 

J3io»i,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  ^o?  miles  from 
W.illiington.  It  lias  4418  white  inhabit- 
ant h  and  28a  blacks. 

Ji,-oci/.uivc;',  a  pofV  town  in  SufTolk  en. 
Long  I.  N.  York,  comaininji4iZl  inhal- 
itants.  Th  .  ompa«fl  part  of  the  tow  11 
coiU.iiiis  a  )oiit  jo  houles,  an  Tpifcopalian, 
a'ld  a  Picfbyterian  church.  It  is  6o.miles 
li  of  N.  York  ;  oppofitc  N.  Hrivan. 

Brnnluhii;   A  port    tOWIl  111    KingU    CO.  N. 

Yor!:,  on  the  W  end  of  Long  I.  having 
a.ir"  inhabitants.  Ikrc  are  an  Epifco- 
pal,  a  Dutch  Reformed  and  a  Mcthodift 
churoli  ;  a  ropcwalk  on  a  large  fcale,  and 
ll;e  inort  api)iovcd  n»:icliinery  ;  a  powder- 
magazine,  and  Tome  elegant  h  ifcj.wliich, 
lie  ehienv  on  one  (Ircet.  Eait  K.  near  a 
mile  broad,  it'i^irates  the  town  from  N. 
York.  It  is  well  fituated  for  fliip  build- 
ing, having  the  advantage  o£  very  deep 
water  along  its  fliore.  Several  fhips  have 
been  built  here  ;  others  are  in  forward- 
nefs.  A  bloody  battle  was  fought  in  this 
town,  Aug.  2;,  1 7 76,  when  the  Americans 
were  defeated  bytheBritifliwith  groat  lofs» 

BrooMine,  a  port  town  in  Windham  co. 
Conneifticut,  about  20  miles  N  of  Nt)r- 
wich.  In  ihis  town  is  the  famous  cave  in 
which  Gen.  Putnam  fl»ot  the  wolf.  It  is  a 
fertile  townfliip,  has  a  congregational 
in(.'((tiiig  houfe,  and  a  church  for  Epifco- 
palians.     luhabitaiits  1202. 

Biofiili/ie,  a  town  in  HiUlbcroiigh  co,  N. 
Ilampfliire,  65  miles  \V  by.  S  from  Portl- 
niouth. 

/:ro„ii'JiiCi  or  Brooklyn,  a  pIcaHint  town  of 
Norfolk  CO.  Martachufetts,  of  about  60  or 
70  families,  between  Cambridge  and  Rox- 
luirv,  and  feparated  from  Bofton  on  the 
]•;  by  a  narrow  bay,  which  ftts  up  S  from 
Charles  river,  juid  peninfulates  Borton. 
I^arge  quantities  of  fruits,  root's  and  othci^ 
vegetables  are  produced  in  tliis  town  for 
the  Borton  market.  It  is  a  phice  where 
gentlemen  of  fortune  and  information, 
retiring  from  pubUc  life,  may  enjoy 
cthim  cum  di^nitaU'    It  has  605  inhabitants. 

Bi-noltHlle,  a  fbft  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  ao  miles  N  W  from  \VnSl\- 
Wgton. 

JBKolfjcrtt",  aa  Indiaiv  village  adjoining 


New  Stockbridgc,  (N.  York)  inlmbited  by 
,  '-out  ijo  Indians,  who  migrated  froirt 
dilftront  parts  of  Connedicut,  under  the 
Care  of  the  Kev.  Mr,  Occum.  'i'hefc  In- 
dians receive  an  ainiuity  of  2160  dollars, 
which  fuin  is  partly  appropriated  to  the 
purpofe  of  maintaining  a  fchuol,  and  part- 
ly to  cumpeafate^a  fuperintendant,  to 
tranfadV  their  bufincrs,  and  to  diipofe  of 
the  remainder  of  their  moi..iy  for  their 
bcnelit. 

Bioiiglitan  Ifland,  lies  at  the  mouth  of  Al- 
atamaha  R.  in  Georgia,  and  belonged  ta 
the  late  Henry  I.aurens,  Efq.  1  he  S  chan- 
nel, after  its  feparation  from  the  N  de- 
fcends  gently,  winding  by  Mclntofli's  and 
Broiighton  iflands,  in  its  way  to  the  oceaa 
through  St.  Simon's  found, 

Broxvnfielu,  a  Imall  fettlement  in  York- 
CO.  Maine,  which,  together  with  Suncock, 
contains  250  inhabitants. 

BrotviiJiur;r,  a  town  in  Rockbridge  co. 
Virginijucontaining  20  or  .^O  houfes  ;  dif- 
taat  abont  15  niik's  from  Lexington  NE^ 
and  1 7  from  Staunton  S  W. 

B/c ..i'li's  Sound,  is  Htuatcd  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  N.  America,  in  N  lat.  5J  18,  W 
Icn.  from  Grceuwicli  1.^2  ao.  Itwas  thus 
named  bj  Capt.  Gray,  in  1 791,  in  honour 
of  Samuel  Brown,  Efq.  ot  Bofton.  The 
lands  on  the  £  fide  of  this  found  are  tol- 
erably level ;  but  on  the  W  mountains  rife, 
whofe  fummits  out  top.  tJic  clouds,  and 
wliofe  wintry  garb  gives  them  a  dreary 
afpedt.  The  land  is  well  timbered  with 
various  forts  of  pines.  The  animals  in  the 
vicinity  are  deer,  wolves,. fea  otters  and 
feals.  The  fifti — falmon,  hahbut,  and  a 
fpccies  of  cod,  &c.  Ducks,  brants,  fliags^ 
&c.  are  here  in  plenty  in  fummer. 

Bniivhfviili,  a  port  town  in  Oneida  co. 
N.  Y'ork,  on  Black  river,  N  bank,  near  ita. 
mcuth  in  Lake  Ontario,  590  miles  from 
VV'afliinotjm. . 

o 

Bro-wnfvllh,  or  Rcdjlone  Old  fort,  is  a 
flourifliing  port  town  in  Fayette  co.  Penn- 
fylvania  ;  on  the  S  eaftern  bank  of  Mo- 
nongahela  R.  bci  v/een  Dunlap  and  Red- 
ftone  creeks  ;  and  next  to  Pittftsurg  is  th« 
mort  confiderable  town  in  the  weftern 
parts  of  llio  ftate.  The  town  is  regularly 
laid  out,  contains  about  100  houfes,  an 
Epifcopalian,  and  Roman  Catholic  churchj 
a  brewery  and  dillillery.  It  is  conne(!ted' 
with  Bridgeport,  a.fmall  village  on  the  op- 
polite  fide  of  Dunlap  creek,  by  a  bridge 
260  feet  long.  Within  a  few  miles  of  the 
town  are  4  Friend's  meeting  houfes,  24 
grift,  faw,  oil,  and  fulling  mills.  The  trade, 
and  em'gration  to  Kentucky,  employ  boat 

biuldcrs. 


bulkier 
boats  o| 
Byrd* 
lule  of  I 
N  lat.  3| 
foulhcrl 
Waniinl 

Broyf\ 
on  the  I 
miles  N| 
fort,  an 
tltc  cap] 

Bran/ 


BRU 


tt  R    P 


bulMcn  here  very  prufitahly-;  above  lOO 
hoAt»  of  10  tons  each,  arc  biillc  .innually. 
B^rd'k  Fort  formerly  Ikood  here,  uii  the  S 
iuic  of  tlie  month  of  Rtilrtone  Creek,  in 
NUt.  39  .18,  W  Ion.  81  i»i;  37  mile* 
foulhcrly  from  Pittlburg. ;  13  S  by  E  of 
\V:in>itigtou,  and  341  W  of  Phikdelphla. 

Brey/c,  a  harbour,  cape,  and  fettlcment 
on  the  E  fide  of  Newfoundland  I.  15 
miles  N  E  from  the  Icttlcineiit  of  Aqua- 
fort,  and  30  S  wefterly  from  St.  Jolui's, 
die  capitaL 

Brunftuick,  a  maritime  county  in  Wil- 
mington diftriift,  N.  Carolina,  containing 
41 10  inhabitants,  of  whom  1614  ore  flavc». 
it  is  the  moA  fotitherly  county  of  the  (late, 
having  S.  Carolina  on  the  S  W  and  bound- 
ed by  Cape  Fear  R.  on  the  £.  SmitliviUe 
U  the  feat  of  juflice.  In  this  county  is 
Wakkamaw  Lalco,  a  beautiful  piece  of 
water  7  miles  long,  5  wide. 

Brun/wick,  the  chiet  town,  in  the  above 
county,  fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  It  was  formerly  the- bed  built  in 
the  whole  A.ttc,  and  carried  on  the  moil 
cxtenfive  trade.  It  lies  30  miles  above 
the  c».pe8,  about  9  miles  N  of  Fort  John- 
fon,  17  S  E  of  Wilmington,  and  was  for- 
merly the  feat  of  government.  In  \  780, 
it  was  burnt  down  by  the  Britilh,  and  haa 
now  ouly  3  or  4  houl'es  and  an  elegant 
church  in  ruins. 

Brunfwick,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  Conncdlicut  R. 
dppoftte  Stratford,  in  N.  Hampfliire. 

Brun/ivLi,  a  city  in  Middlefex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Raritan  R.  in 
a  low  fituation  ;  the  moft  of  the  houfes  be- 
ing built  under  a  hill  which  rifes  W  of  the 
town.  It  has  about  300  houfes,  and  about 
3000  inhabitants,  one  h.iFof  whom  are 
Dutch.  Queen's  College  was  in  this  city, 
but  is  now  ext!n>il  as  a  place  of  inftruc- 
tion.  There  is  a  conliderablc  inland 
trade  carried  on  iicre.  Cno  of  the  moft 
elegant  and  expenfive  bridges  in  Ani.  tica, 
lias  been  built  over  the  river  oppoiitc  this 
city.  It  contains  3  churches,  i  for  Epifco- 
paiians,  )  for  the  reformed  low  Dutch, 
I  for  the  Prefbyterians.  Brunfwick  is  i8 
miles  N  E  of  Princetown,  60  N  F.  from 
PliiladelpLia,  and  35  S  W  from  N.  York. 
N  lat.  40  30,  W  Ion.  74  30. 

Brurfu'ici,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  contains  1809  inhabitants,  and 
Ges  NE  of  Portland  30  miles,  and  of  Bof- 
ton  151.  It  is  in  N  lat.  43  52,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  and  partly 
on  the  S  weftern  fide  of  Androfcoggin  R. 
A.  College  it  in  this  town  in  a  fluuri{hing   ^ . 


n.nte,  imder  n  prefulent  andji  profeffbro^ 
Unguagc'j.  The  college  building  ii  jj 
feet  long,  40  wide,  3  ftoriet  high.  Th^i 
funds  are  incrcafing  with  the  value  of 
land  in  this  difiritSb.  The  Ir.gidature  hat' 
given  6  townfinps,  and  the  Hon.  J.  Bow- 
doin,  lands  and  money  to  the  amount  of 
1 0)000  doll*.  It  is  called  after  him,  Botv- 
diin  Cotlige, 

Biiiiifwici,  a  poft  tovm  and  capital  of' 
Glynu  CO.  Georgia,  fituated  at  the  moutit 
of  furtlis  R.  where  it  empties  into  St.  .Si- 
mons found,  N  lat.  31  lb.  It  has  a  I'afe 
harbour,  and  lufTiciently  capacious  to  con- 
tain a  large  fleet.  Although  there  is  a  bar 
at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour,  it  has- 
depth  of  water  for  the  largeft  diip  that 
fwims.  The  town  i.^  regularly  laid  out, 
but  not  yet  built.  From  its  advantageou*- 
fituation,  and  from  the  fertility  of  the 
back  country,  it  promifes  to  be  one  of  the 
moft  commercial  and  flourifliing  places  in 
the  ftate.  It  lies  19  miles  S  of  Darien,  60 
S  S  W  from  Savannah,  no  S  E  from 
Louifville,  7iz  from  Wafliington. 

Biun/kvkk  Houfe^  one  of  the  Hudfon  Bay 
Company's  fcttlcments,  fituated  on  Mooie 
R.  lialf  way  from  its  mouth  ;  S  W  from 
James's  Bay,  and  N  £  from  Lake  Superior. 
N  lat.  50  30,  W  Ion.  82  30. 

Brunfivuk,  Ndw,  one  of  the  four  Britifli 
provinces  in  N.  America,  is  bounded  on 
the  S  by  the  N  fliorcs  of  the  bay  of  Fuu- 
dy,  and  by  the  river  Mifllquafli  to  its 
fijurcc,  and  from  thence  by  a  due  E  line 
to  Vcrte  Bay  ;  and  on  tlie  W  by  a  fine 
to  run  due  N  from  the  main  fource  of  St. 
Croix  P..  in  Paflainaquoddy,  to  the  higK 
lands  which  divide  the  ftrcams  which  faU  - 
into  the  river  St  Lawrence,  and  the  E.iy 
of  Fuudy  ;  and  from  thence  by  the  foutL- 
crn  bound:;rv  of  the  colony  of  Quebec 
until  it  toiicfjes  the  fea  fljore  at  the  welt- 
cm  extremity  of  the  bay  of  Chaleur  ;  tiien 
following  the  courfe  of  the  fca  fliore  t\» 
the  bay  of  Vcrte,  (in  the  ftraits  of  Nor- 
thumbeiland)  until  it  meets  the  termina- 
tion of  the  eaftern  line  produced  from  the 
fource  of  the  JVIiffiqu;ifli  abovementioncd; 
including  all  tlie  iflands  within  the  faid 
limits,  i'he  chief  towns  aie  St.^oin'j, 
the  cxphal,  FrfAiicito-rfn, Sf.  Audritus,  r.nd 
St.  Aiin,t\\ii  pre  fcnt  feat  of  governr  ;nt, 
The  principal  ri\ers  are  St.  John's, Ma^je- 
gadavick,  or  Eaftern  R.  Dickwa'^'et,  St. 
Croix,  Merimlchi,  Pctitcodlac,  Mcmram- 
cook  ;  all,  the  3  laft  excepted,  empty  into 
Paflamaquoddy  Bay.  St.  John's  R.  opcnv 
a  vaft  extent  of  fine  country,  on  whicix 
are  rich  Li;tcrvalc8  r.nd  ia:cauow  lands ; 


,i ;  1  j 


id!' 


!| 


ft 


p'j-'  t 


r^iii''! 


Bud 

inod  of  which  are  fettled  and  under  im- 
|>roveinent.  The  upland  i<  in  general 
well  timbered.  The  trees  are  pine  and 
fpruce,  hemlock  and  hard  wood,  princi- 
pally beech,  birch,  maple,  and  fome  afli. 
The  pinei  on  St.  John's  R.  are  the  Urged 
to  be  met  with  in  Britifll  America,  and 
siTord  1  confiderable  fupply  of  lualis  for 
the  royal  navy.  The  rivers  which  fall  in- 
to PaflUmaquoddy  Bav,  have  intervales 
and  meadows  on  their  banks,  and  muft 
formerly  have  been  covered  with  a  large 
growth  of  timber  ;  as  the  remains  of  large 
trunks  arc  yet  to  be  feen.    A  raging  fire 

}>afled  through  that  country,  in  a  very  dry 
iiafon,  according  to  Indian  accounts, 
50  years  ago,  and  fpread  dedrudlion  to  an 
immenfe  extent.  For  other  particulars 
refpedling  this  province,  fee  the  articles 
fcparately,  and  N»va  Stotia,  Brili/h  Amtri- 
ea,  &c. 

Brunfwiti  Co,  in  Virginia*  lies  bcttvecn 
Nottaway  and  Mcherrin  rivers,  and  is 
about  .^Smiles  long, and  35broad,and  con- 
tains69i7  free inhiibitants,and  9422  (laves. 

Brutu/,  a  military  townfliip  in  N.  York, 
through  which  runs  Seneca  R.  Here  the 
rivc'r  receives  the  waters  of  Owafco  L. 
from  the  S  E  through  the  towns  of  Aure- 
lius  and  Scipio.  Brutus  lies  11  miles  N  £ 
from  the  N  end  of  Cayuaga  Lake,  and 
19  S  S  £  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Bryan,  a  CO.  in  Georgia,  adjoining  Chat- 
ham CO.  on  the  W  and  S  W.  It  contains 
a8.i6  inhabitants,  2306  of  whom  are  flaves. 

Bryant's  Lid,  a  S  E  branch  of  Green  R. 
the  mouth  of  which  is  about  17  miles  £ 
of  Craigs  Fort,  and  10  £  of  Sulphur  Spring 
in  Mercer  co.  Kentucky. 

Bueifield,  a  poll  town  m  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  48  miles  N  of  Portland.  It  has 
1 00a  inhabitants. 

Buck  Hariour,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
lies  W  of  Machias. 

Snekingbam  Haufe,  in  New  South  Wales, 
lies  N  wefterly  from  Hudfon  Houfe,  and 
ftandt  on  the  northern  fide  of  Salkalhaw- 
en  R.  near  its  fource,  and  is  the  wefbern- 
moft  of  all  the  Hudfon  Bay  Company's  fet- 
tlements.    N  lat.  54,  W  Ion.  no  ao. 

Buckingham,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  by  James'  R.  S  £  by  Cumberland,  S  W 
by  Campbell,  and  S  by  Appamattox  R. 
It  is  65  miles  long,  30  broad,  and  contains 
7053  free  inhabitants,  and  6336  flaves. 
Its  court  houfe, where  a  pod  office  is  kept, 
is  223  miles  from  Walhington. 

B"ckin9hamfiire,  a  countv  in  the  diftrift 
of  Three  Rivers  in  L.  Canada,  on  tht  S  &de 
of  St.  La\vrence  river. 


BUE 

Butt  Jfjni  one  of  tht  leflTer  Virgin  Iflei^ 
fituated  on  the  B  of  St.  Thomas,  in  St. 
James's  PalTage.  Lat.i8  i5N,lon.63  30  W. 

Bkitkland,  a  townihip  in  Hamplnire  co. 
MafTachufetts,  containing  104 1  inhabit- 
ants; 106  miles  wedvvard  from  fiodon,  24 
N  W  of  Northampton. 

Byekland,  a  town  in  Prince  William  co. 
Virginia,  wher6  a  pod  office  is  edablidied, 
4-.  miles  S  W  of  Wafhington. 

ButklfPotun,  in  B«r]Kley  co.  Virginia,  is  k 
village  8  miles  didant  from  Martinftrurg, 
and  2J0  from  Philadelphia. 

Buckj  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  lies  N  N  E 
from  Philadelphia.  It  is  fcparated  from 
N.  Jerfey  by  Delaware  R.  6n  the  S  E  and  N 
E  and  has  Northampton  co.  on  the  N  W. 
It  contains  2  7,496  inhabitants.  Bucks  is  st 
well  cultivated  county,containing  41 1,900 
acres  of  land,  and  is  divided  into  28  town- 
fliips,  the  chiif  of  Which  is  Newtown.  It 
abounds  with  limcdonej  and  in  fome 
placed  are  found  iron  and  lead  ore.  There! 
IS  a  remarkable  hill  in  the  N  end  of  ihti 
county  called  Haycock,  in  the  townihip 
of  the  fume  hame.  It  is  15  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, having  a  gradual  afcent,  and 
from  its  fummit  is  a  delightful  profpedl. 
The  waters  of  Tohickon  Creek  wafli  it  on 
all  (ides  except  the  wed. 

BuckJIoviH,  a  pod  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  £  fide  of  Penobfcot  R.  con^ 
tains  624  inhabitants  ;  27  miles  N  of  Caf« 
tine. 

Bucktoivn,  in  Dorcheder  co.  Mary" 
land;  lies  between  Blackwater  andTranf- 
quacking  creeks,  12  miles  from  their 
mouths  at  Fidiing  Bay,  and  8^  miles  S  E 
from  Cambridge. 

BuJJt  ratify,  a  place  in  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  the  head  waters  of  Raritan. 

Bmnaire,  one  of  the  Leeward  Ides  in  the 
W.  Indie*.  It  is  fmall  ;  lies  eadward  of 
Cura^a,  and  belongs  to  the  Dutch. 

Buenot  Ayret,  is  one  of  the  mod  confid- 
erable towns  in  S.  America,  and  the  only 
place  of  traffic  to  the  fouthward  of  Brazil. 
It  is  the  capital  of  La  Plata,  in  the  Sdi- 
vifion  and  province  cf  La  Plata.  S  lat. 
34  3J.  W  Ion.  SI  54'  Its  fituation  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  river  La  Plata,  on  a  gen- 
tle eminence,  is  healthy  and  pleafant,  and 
the  air  temperate.  Back  of  the  city,  from 
fouthwed  to  foutheaft,  is  Pampas  Plain, 
of  300  miles  extent,  in  condant  verdure, 
interfperfed  with  country  feats,  producing 
few  trees,  much  grafs,  on  which  fubfid  in- 
numerable h.orfes  and  cattle.  Towards 
the  north,  the  great  river  fpreads  like  a, 
fpaciout  fea,  the  oppofite  diore  being  be- 

vond 


Toad  th 
in  circu 
fquarcs 

30  or  4( 
houfes  I 
with  a 


BUE 


BUI' 


.Tosd  the  reach  of  the  eye.  It  if  7  milct 
in  circumference,  and  rt-guliiily  built  in 
fquarct  uf  about  100  feet.  Its  (Irccts  arc 
30  or  40  feet  wide,  and  very  dirty ;  the 
hrmfet  one  ftnry  high,  chiefly  of  brick, 
with  a  court  in  tha  middle,  and  each  is 
iiccumniodated  with  a  gardun.  The  num- 
ber of  iniiabitants  is  eAimatcd  vaiioufly, 
at  15,000,  .^o/X}0,  and  i'ome  late  accimnt* 
fay  100,003;  many  of  them  are  flavuK.  One 
fide  of  the  town  is  defended  by  a  furtrefs 
with  a  garrifun.  T'hc  town  Aands  i3o 
mile»  from  the  fea.  The  mail  comes  in 
once  a  mnnth  from  Lima.  In  afccnding 
the  river,  it  is  necelTary  to  anchor  ev^ry 
night ;  and  on  the  molt  moderate  days  a 
pilot  muft  go  to  found  the  way  for  the 
fliip,  on  account  of  the  Ihallawaefs  of  the 
water,  and  the  Aiifting  of  the  channel. 
After  having  furmounted  thefe  difBcultics, 
tlie  fliips  arc  obliged,  at  the  diOancc  of 
three  leagues  from  the  town,  to  put  their 
goods  on  board  fome  light  veflTel,  and  to  go 
and  refit,  and  to  wait  for  their  cargoes  at 
Incunado  de  Barrngan,  fituated  7  or  8 
leagues  below.  This  city  was  creAcd  in> 
to  a  bifliopric  in  the  year  i6ao.  The  tri* 
bunal  of  the  Royal  Audience  was  found* 
ed  1663,  extingiiiOiifd  a  flew  years  after, 
and  re-cfVabliflied  in  178.I.  The  buildv 
ings,  although  of  brick,  are  handfome, 
commodious,  and  many  truly  elegant. 
There  are  16  churches,  11  of  which  are 
lar^e  and  rich  ;  s  convent*,  and  2  monaf- 
teries,  a  hofpitals  with  rich  funds,  i  fov 
men  and  the  other  for  women,  i  found- 
ling hofpital,  I  college,  ar.d  i  academy  for 
teaching  geography,  navigation  and  draw^ 
ing.  Mere  we  meet  with  the  merchants 
of  Europe  and  Peru ;  but  no  regular  fleet 
comes  here  ay  to  the  other  parts  of  Span, 
ilh  America ;  a,  or  at  moft  3,  regider  fliips, 
make  the  whole  of  their  regular  inter- 
courfe  with  Europe.  The  returns  are 
chiefly  gold  and  filver  of  Chili  and  Peru, 
fiigar  and  hides.  Thofe  who  have  now 
and  then  carried  on  a  contraband  trade 
to  this  city,  have  found  it  more  advanta- 
geous than  any  other  whatever.  The 
contraband  traders  carry  dry  goods,  and 
take  in  return  hides,  tallow  and  copper. 
The  benefit  of  this  contraband  is  now 
wholly  in  the  hands  of  the  Portuguefe, 
who  keep  magazines  for  that  purpofe,  in 
fuch  parts  of  Brazil  as  lie  near  this  coun- 
try. The  moft  valuable  commodities  come 
here  to  be  exchanged  for  European  goods, 
fuch  as  Vigogma  wool  from  Peni,  copper 
from  Coquimbo,  gold  from  Chili,  and  fil- 
?er  from  Potofi.    From  thp  towns  of  Co- 


ricntei  nnd  Paraguay,  the  former  ijo.fhe 
latter  joo  leagues  from  Uueno*  Ayrcs,  are 
brought  hither  the  fined  tobacco,  fugars, 
cotton,  thread,  yellow  wax,  and  cotton 
cloth  ;  .and  from  Paraguay,  the  herb,  fo 
called,  and  fo  highly  valuccf,  being  a  kind 
of  tea  drank  all  over  S.  America  by  the 
better  fort  s  which  one  branch  is  compu> 
ed  to  amount  to  a  million  of  plcccii  of 
eight,  annually,  all  paid  in  goodB,oo  money 
being  allowed  to  pafs  here.  The  com- 
merce between  Peru  and  Buenos  Ayres  is 
chiefly  for  cattle  aiid  mule*  to  .in  immenCe 
value.  When  the  EngliOi  had  the  advan- 
tage of  the  Ailiento  contract,  ne^ro  flaves 
were  brought  Itither  by  facSlors,  and  fold 
to  the  Spaniards.  It  was  founded  by  Don 
Pedro  dc  Mendosa,  in  i  J3j,  but  after* 
wards  abandoned.  In  1544,  another  col- 
ony of  Spaniards  came  here,  who  left  it 
alio  ;  but  it  was  rebuilt  in  xj8s,  and  ie  at 
prefent  inhabited  by  Spaniards  and  native 
Americans.  The  air  i;  pure  and  healthy, 
particularly  in  the  winter  fcafon,  which 
begins  in  June,  with  mucli  rain,  at  which 
time  the  thunder  and  lightning  are  fo  vio- 
lent, that  it  is  neceflaiy  to  he  accuAooied 
to  the  country  before  one  can  live  with- 
out fear.  The  heat  of  the  fun  io  the  fum- 
mer  is  ten?pered  by  refreHiiog  breezes 
from  the  river.  The  country  abounds 
with  all  kinds  of  fruit  which  can  fatisfy 
the  appetite  of  man  ;  among  which  are 
apples,  pears,  peaches,  apricots  pomegran*- 
ates,  quinces,  S^,  grapes,  oranges,  kmons, 
limes,  and  all  kinds  of  melons.  The  vine 
u  cultivated  here,  and  fome  very  delicious 
wines  are  made ;  but  in  general  the  wine 
is  difagreeable  to  thofe  not  accuAomed  tq 
it>     See  La  Plata  Jl.  and  previnct. 

Buffaloe  Lake,  in  Britifli  America,  is  near 
Copper  Mine  &•  ^  lat.  62  30,  W  Ion.  from 
Greenwich  no.  The  Copper  Mine  In- 
dians inhabit  this  country. 

SuffaUe  Lid       See  Great  Rldgf. 

Buffaloe  Creri,  in  N.  York,  is  a  water  of 
Niagara  R.  from  the  £  into  which  it  emp- 
ties, near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Erie.  The 
Seneca  Indians,  800  in  number,  have  a 
town  and  referyatiou  of  land,  5  miles 
from  its  mouth.  This  Creek  is  navigable 
Smiles.     N  lat.  42  52. 

Jiujfaloe,  i  townfliip  W  of  Sufquehanna 
R.  in  Pennfylvania.  See  Jforihumlttrland 
County. 

Buffake  R.  in  Teneflee,runs  S  wcftward 
into  I'cnoflee  R.  in  N  lat.  ^^  10. 

Bvffalne  R,  a  water  of  the  Ohio,  which 
it  enters  at  the  S  bank,  60  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Wabafli. 

■  '    »  BuffaUt 


I. 'I 


m\ 


'■1''  ij 


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m\ 


■B  -U  R 


3TF11 


m  . 


■fr-.i^ 


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f-ij 


'hii.!;! 


'  Hufahe  tutv  Lands,  a  traifl  of  land  in 
■JTorthun>'>e*Iand  Co.  Pehnfylvania,  about 
*8  miles  S  E  from  Prefque  Ifle. 

Buffaloe  Sioamp,  m  Pennfylvania.  See 
'Great  Stuamp. 

Bvckarelli,  Point,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lie?  in  the  54th  degree  of  N  lat. 
and  89th  of  W  Ion.  and  forms  the  N  eaft- 
ern  fide  of  Dixon's  Entrance,  as  Wadiing- 
ton  or  Queen  Charlotte's  Illands  form  its 
S  weftern  fidft. 

Butfiiieb's  HarLour,  fo  '...'iisd  by  Capt. 
Tngraham,  oathe  N  W  coaft  of  j^merica, 
Ke»  in  N  lat.  46  S^h,  W  Ion.  113  j\. 

BuUits  Lid,  lies  on  Salt  K.  in  Ken- 
tucky, from  which  fatt  fprings  the  river 
takes  itt  name.  It  lies  20  miles  from  the 
Rapids  of  the  Ohio,  near  Saltfbiirgh  ;  and 
is  the  firft  thi;t  was  wo  ked  in  the  ceuntry. 

Bnllittf  a  CO  of  Kentucky,  containing 
3446  inhabitant.\  944  are  fiavei. 

Bull  IJland,  one  if  the  %  iflands  which 
form  the  N  parr  of  Charlefton  harbour,  S. 
Carolina. 

Bnlloek,  a  f  J.  of  Georgia,  divided  into  4 
towns,  and  contains  191  j  inhabitants,  of 
whom  469  are  flaves. 

Bulloek'i  Point  and  Nfs',  on  the  eaftern 
■fide  of  Providence  R.  Rhode  I. 

Balls  Bay,  or  Buboul  Bay,  a  noted  bay  in 
Kewfoundl&nd  I.  a  little  to  the  S  of  St. 
John's  harbour,  on  the  E  tide  of  that  ifland. 
h  has  14  fathom  water,  and  is  vpry  lafe, 
being  land  locked.  The  only  danger  is  a 
Tock,  so  yards  from  Bread  and  Cheefe 
Point,  another  with  9  feet  water  ofF  Mo- 
•jotty  Cove.     Lat.  50  50  N,  Ion.  57  to  W. 

Bnllt  J^ani,  a  ffnaU  ifl«  1<I  of  Ckariefton 
barbour. 

5;//^/5/n,a  townfliip  in  Fayette  co.  Penn- 
iylv<tnia,  has  981  fouls. 
■  Buncombe  the  largcft  and  moft  weftcrri  co. 
«f  N.  Carolina,  being  80  milee  long,  40 
wide,  and  perhaps  the  moft  mountainous 
and  hilly  in  the  U.  States.  It  is  in  Mor- 
gan dtftrii£t,  'bou'.tded  W  by  the  ftate  of 
Teneflee,  and  S  by  the  ftate  of  .8.  Caro- 
lina. It  aboundti  with  iron  ore.  The 
Blue  Ridge  pafles  through  Buncomb, 
and  gives  rife  to  many  large  rivers,  as  Cat- 
abaw,  Wateree,  Broad  R.  and  Pacolet 
Black,  Bald  and  Smoaky  mountains  arc  in 
this  county.  The  numljer  of  inhabitants 
18  5774,  of  whom  3:<4  are  flaves. 

Biirir,'o  IJies,  He  in  White  Bear  Bay,  New- 
foundland I.  Great  Burgeo,  or  Eclipfe  I. 
lies  in  N  lat.  47  35,  W  Ion.  57  31. 

JSurjbfi'u. in  Morgan  diftriin:,N  Carolina, 
has  9799  inhabitants,  including  776  (laves. 
tts  capital  is  Morgantown.    It  is  about  80 


miles  long,  40  wide.  The  principal  rlveni 
are  the  Catabaw,  John's  R.  Toe,  and  Liu- 
vcl's  R.  Its  mountains  arethe  Blue  Ridg^ 
Yellow  Mountain,  the  Grandfather,  l"a- 
ble  Mountain, SouthMountain,  and  Brufhy 
Mountain.  The  lands  between  the  moun- 
tains and  on  the  rivers  are  very  fertile. 

Burkti  Co.  in^he  Lower  diftridt  of  Geor- 
gia, contains  9506  inhabitants,  including 
2967  Haves.  Its  chief  towjit  are  Louil* 
viHe,  and  Waynefborough. 

Burh,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co.  Ver- 
mont, about  Tj  miles  W  of  the  mouth  of 
Upper  Amonoofock  R. 

Burlin^on,  a  port  town  in  Chittendon  co. 
Vermont,  delightfully  lituatcd  on  a  bay  of 
its  name,  ia  Lake  Champlain,  about  ao  N 
of  Vfetgennes.  It  has  815  iAihabitants, 
In  1 786  a  large  nuinber  of  frogs  were  dug 
up  here,  25  feet  below  the  lurface,  and 
dil'covered  (igiw  of  life,  but  fopn  died. 
I-n  1 79 1,  the  iegiflahirc  of  the  ftate  eftab- 
lidied  a  Univerfity  in  this  place,  which 
has  very  handfome  funds,  and  is  flourifhing. 

Burlington  Co.in  N.  Jerfey,  extcnrls  acrofi 
from  the  Allantic  ocean  on  the  S  E  toDei- 
aware  R.  and  part  of  Huntingdon  co.  on 
the  N  W  in  kugth  about  60  miles, in 
breadth  about  a8.  A  great  proportion  of 
it  is  barren  ;  about  yths  of  it,  however,  iit 
under  good  cultivation,  and  is  generally 
level,  and  is  pretty  well  watered.  It  hai 
21,521  inhatMtants,  including  188  flaves. 

Burlington,  City,  the  chief  town  of  the 
above  co.  is  under  the  government  of  a 
mayor,  aldermen,  and  common  council. 
The  extent  of  the  towpftiip  i«  3  miles 
along  the  Delaware,  and  a  mile  back ;  be- 
ing about  18  miles  N  E  of  Philadelphia^ 
and  II  S  W  from  Trenton.  The  ifl-nnd^ 
v,rhich  is  the  moft  populous  '  \rt,  is  about 
a  mile  in  length,  and  ^  in  brt  ith.  In  the 
year  1789  it  contained  160  houfes,  and 
1 1  GO  inhabitants  ;  in  1797,  214  houfes, 
and  1714  inhabitants,  and  now,  1803, 
there  are  282  houfes,  and  225^  inhabit* 
ants.  The  houfes  are  generally  built 
within  half  a  mile  of  the  Delaware.  The 
focieties  of  Friends,  Epifcopalians,  Meth- 
odiftsand  Baptifts  have  fpacious  and  neat 
■buildings  for  public  worfliip.  There  are 
alfo  2  academies,  a  free  fchool,  which  edu- 
cates 25  poor  children,  a  city  hall,  with 
a  town  clock,'  market  houfe,  public  libra- 
ry incorporated  in  1 743,  a  gaol,  brewery^ 
and  nail  manufa»9x>ry.  It  has  4  entrances 
over  bridges  and  caufeways,  And  a  quan- 
tity of  bank  meadow  adjoining.  The 
main  ftreets  are  conveniently  fpaciouH, 
aod  mpftly  ornairented  with  row&of  tree^ 

'Hie 


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BUS 


BYF 


tjuan- 
The 


The  town  Is  oppofite  Briftol  In  Pentifyl- 
vania,  where  the  river  is  about  a  mile 
wide.  Under  the  fhelter  of  Mittinlcunk 
feud  Burlington  iflands,  is  a  fafe  harbour, 
commodioufly  fituated  for  trade  ;  but  too 
near  the  opulent  city  of  Pliiladelphia  to 
admit  of  any  confiderable  increafe  of  for- 
eign comnierce.  Burlington  was  firll  fet- 
tled in  1 677.  Mittinicunk  I.  belongs  to 
the  free  fchool,  and  yields  a  yearly  profit 
oi  £iSo.    Nlat.  408. 

Burlington,  a  towufliip  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Unadilla  R.  in  Otfego  co.  N.  York, 
is  II  miles  W  of  Cooperftown ;  438  of  its 
inhabitants  were  eledlors  in  1796. 

Burlington,  a  new  townfliip  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  Maflachufetts,  taken  from  Woburn, 
about  1 2  miles  N  of  Buflon,  incorporated 

1799- 
Burlington  Bay,  the  weftern  pomt  of 

Lake  Ontario,  is  perhaps  as  beautiful  and 
romantic  a  fituation  as  any  in  interior  A- 
merica,  particularly  if  we  include  with  it 
a  mardiy  lake  which  falls  into  it,  and  a 
nohle  promontory  that  divides  them. 
This  lake  is  called  Coot's  Paradifc,  and 
abounds  with  game.  From  the  head  of 
the  lake  following  the  fliores  of  the  Onta- 
rio, we  proceed  caftward  along  the  bor- 
ders of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  a  very  fine 
and  populous  fettlement;  confifting  of  ao 
town(hips,  containing  about  6000  fouls, 
and  furniihing  5  batallions  of  militia. 
There  are  many  fmall  rivers  which  fall 
into  the  lake  between  Burlington  bay, 
and  Niagara  ;  the  moft  beautiful  of  which 
are  thole  called  the  Twelve  and  rheTwen- 
ty,  Thefe  rivers  pnevioufly  to  their  flow- 
ing into  the  lake,  fpread  behind  a  beach 
which  impedes  their  courfe.and  the  dream 
finding  only  a  fmall  outlet  into  the  lake,  is 
ponded  back,  and  forms  a  fpacious  bal'on 
within;  the  banks  are  high  but  not  broken, 
and  generally  covered  with  fine  pine  trees. 

Burnt  Coat  I/land.     See  Penobfcot  Bay. 

Burfontoivn,  a  poft  town  in  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

£.rrville,z.^o^  town  in  Anderfon  CO. 
Teneflee,  570  miles  frpm  Wafliiiigton. 

Burton,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  which  was  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  contains  141  inhabitants. 

Burton,  a  townfliip  in  the  Britifli  prov- 
ince of  N.  Brunfwick,  fituated  in  Suubury 
CO.  on  the  river  St.  John. 

Bufey  toivn,  in  the  iflandx>f  St.  Domin- 
go, lies  near  Port  au  Prince,  and  has  a  fort. 

Bujh  Totun.     See  Harford,  Maryland, 

Biijbivich,  a  fmall,  but  plcafant  town,  in 
King's  CO.  Lior.j  I.  N.  York.  The  ialiajit- 
Voi,.I.  I 


ants,  540  In  number,  are  chiefly  of  Dutch 
extratStion ;  99  of  thefe  are  elc(5lors. 

Bujby  Run,  a  N  E  branch  of  Sewickly 
Creek,  near  the  head  of  which  is  Gen.Bo- 
quet's  Field.  The  creek  runs  S  wellerly 
into  Youghiogeny  R.  ao  miles  S  E  from 
Pittfljurg,  in  Pennfylvania. 

Bujiard  R.  in  Upper  Canada,  falls  Into 
St.  Lawrence  R.  S  wcftward  of  Black  R. 
in  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  It  runs  a  great 
way  inland,  and  has  communication  witn 
feveral  lakes  ;  and  at  its  mouth  lie  the 
Ofiers  Iflands.    N  lat.  49  30,  W  ion  68  5. 

BuJIUton,  a  poft  town  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Penn.  about  ib  miles  N  W  of  the  city. 

Butler,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  containing 
3916  Inhabitants.  It  is  divided  into  4 
townfliips. 

Butkr's  Town,on  the  W  fide  of  the  head 
waters  of  the  Ohio. 

Butterhill,  a  high  round  hill,  on  the  W 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  at  the  northern  en- 
trance of  the  Highlands.  In  palling  this 
hill,  afcending  the  river,  the  paflenger  is 
prefented  with  a  charming  view  of  N. 
Windfor  and  Newburgh. 

Butternuts,  a  poft  town  In  Otfego  co  N. 
Yoik,  25  miles  SW  of  Cooperftown.  It 
has  1388  inhabitants. 

Button  t  Bay,  in  the  W  part  of  Hudfon 
bay,  N  of,  and  near  to  Churchill  R.  Sir 
Thomas  Button  loft  his  fhip  here,  and 
came  back  in  a  floop  built  in  the  country. 
Button  s  IJlci  lie  on  the  fouthern  fide  of 
Hudfon  ftraits,  at  the  entrance  off  Cape 
Chidley. 

Buxahons,  an  Indian  town  on  the  N  W 
bank  of  Alleghany  R,  nearly  aj  miles  from 
Fort  Franklin,  at  its  mouth. 

Buxton,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  Maine, 
on  Saco  R.  8  miles  N  weftirly  from  Pep- 
perelborough,  and  118  miles  N  E  of  Bof- 
ton;  containing  1938  inhabitants. 

Buzzard's  Bay,'\n  Maflachufetts,  togeth- 
er with  Barnftable  Bay  on  the  N  E  form 
the  peninfula  whofe  extremity  is  called 
Cape  Cod.  It  lies  between  N  lat.  4,1 15, 
and  41  42,  and  between  70  38,  and  71 
10,  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  running  into 
the  land  about  30  miles  N  E  by  N,  and  its 
breadth  at  an  average  is  about  7  miles. 
Its  entrance  has  Sealconet  Point  and  rocks 
W,  and  the  Sow  and  Pigs  ofl^  the  S  W  end 
of  Cuttahunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  ifl- 
ands, on  the  Eaft. 

Byherry,  a  townfliip  in  Philadelphia  CO. 
Pennfylvania,  579  inhabitants. 

Byfield,  a  parifli   partly   in  Newbury, 

partly  in  Rowley,  Maflachufetts.     It  lien 

at  tki  bead  of  the  tide  on  Parke^rivcr, 

1.    •■■...■  ,  .    which 


1. 

i 


CAB 


CAI 


jg|lf;  I 


iK,  ;# 


which  runs  through  the  N  part  of  the  par- 
ilh  ;  Smelt  R.  being  its  (outhern  boundary 
It  isi  generally  level,  with  a  few  command- 
inghills;  itis  much  intcrfedtcd  with  brooks 
and  rivulets,  and  lias  Crane  Pond,  which 
h  deep,  and  well  Aored  with  tifli,  covering 
100  acres,  at  the  N  W  corner.  The  falls 
on  Parker,  or  Frcflj  R.  as  it  is  called  above 
Jhe  tide,  afford  excellent  mill  feats.  There 
are  lo  grift  mills,  where  great  quantities 
of  grain  are  purchafed  from  N.  Hampfliire 
and  Vermont ;  the  meal  ami  flour  are  Culd 
in  Newburyport  and  the  vicinity.  There 
are  alfo  a  faw  mills,  i  oil  mill,  i  InufFmiU, 
with  a  Lirge  number  of  mortars,  and  one 
fulling  mill,  bclide  *  woollen  manufatft>)ry, 
which  can  employ  lOO  hands.  Tholarg- 
eft  building  is  90  Uvft  by  30,  three  flrories 
high,  furniflied  vii'Ai  /;iirdin<;  macliines, 
and  all  the  .tpparatus  for  mauufadbiring 
woollen  cloths.  The  greater  part  of  the 
inhabitants  are  farmers,  but  large  numbers 
are  employed  in  making  llu)cs  for  export- 
ation. The  ])lace  is  noted  for  the  variety 
and  excellence  of  its  poais  and  winter  ap- 
ples ;  and  vaft  quantities  of  peat'  are  dug 
from  its  meadows.  Dunimer  Academy  is 
in  this  parifli,pleafantly  lituated  on  a  large 
road  leading  from  Newburyport  to  Salem 
and  Bofton.  It  ha»a  library  of  well  chol- 
en  books,  funds  to  fupport  2  inftrucftors, 
and  nothing  is  required  for  tuition.  When 
the  Newburyport  turnpike  is  co'npleted,it 
will  be  4  miles  S  W  from  Newburyport, 
and  a6  N  £  from  Bofton. 

Byram  R.  is  a  fmall  ftream,  only  notice- 
able as  forming  part  of  the  weftern  boun- 
dary «)f  Conne dticut.  It  falls  into  Long  I. 
found,  oppofite  Captain's  Iflands. 

Byran  ToTcn,  inCharles  CO.  Maryland,  is 
about  9  miles  N  R  from  Port  Tobacco  ; 
and  14  S  E  from  the  Federal  City. 

Byrd,  Ford,  lies  on  the  eaftcrn  bank  of 
Monongahela  R ;  on  the  S  (ide  of  the 
mouth  of  Red  Stone  Creek  ;  .^5  miles  S 
from  Pittft)urg,  and  about  29  N  W  from 
Ohiopyle  Falls,  On  or  near  this  fpot 
ftands  the  compadl  part  of  the  town  of 
Brownfville.     N  lat.  39  58,  W  Ion.  81  la. 

Byron  t  Bay,  on  tlie  N  E  coaft  of  Labra- 
dor. 


^AB.INHAS,  a  co.  in  the  diftrit^  of  SaU 
iHiury,  N.  Carolina.  It  contains  5061  peo- 
ple, 695  being  in  Ahvery.  The  court 
houfe,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept,  is  439 
miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cabclo,  or  Cah.'lh,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America.     Nlat.  103. 

G^Mrt  Ftint,  a  fm&ll  poll  town  in  Surry 


CO;  Virginia,  fituated  on  Uppef  Chipo^k 
creek,  a6  miles  E  S  E  of  Peterftiurgh,  fUj 
from  Portfmouth,  and  329  S  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    Nlat.  37. 

Cabode  Cruz,  a  bold  pointofland  on  the 
Sfide  of  the  illand  of  Cuba.  N  lat.  19  57. 

CaiodeSt.yiian, the  Neaftenimoft  point 
of  the  idandof  Porto  Rico.    K  lat.  18  30. 

Ciibot,  a  townftiip  in  Caledonia  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  is  iltuated  on  the  height  of 
land  between  Lake  Champlain  and  Con- 
neiSticut  B  8i*x)ut  17  miles  from  the  15 
mile  tatd  m  tlie  above  named  R.  and  con- 
taim  349  hihal>itants. 

Cabot's  Head,  a  promontory  cztcndinff 
far  into  Lake  Huron,  W  of  Olocefter,  and 
embays  a  large  part  of  the  lake,  at  itf 
eafteru  extremity,  ftretohing  towards  the 
Manitou  illands.  Smyth. 

Cabelljlurg,  a  port  town  in  Amhcrft  co. 
Virginia,  arj  miles  from   Wafliington. 

Vuliron,  Capf,  the  N  I')  point  of  Prcfque 
I(lc  deSainana,in  the-  rflaiid  of  St.Domin- 
go,  %i  league*  S  E  by  E  of  old  Cape  Fran- 
(^ois,  N  lat.  19  33. 

Ciicap.ljon,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
runs  about  70  miles  N  cafttrly  along  the 
wcftcrn  iidc  of  Nortli  Ridge,  and  cinpciet 
into  Potowniack  R.  30  miles  N  from 
fredcrickftown. 

6'(/i.i;w,^;^o,  a  large  R.  in  Peru,S.  Amerii- 
ca,  which  falls  into  the  ocean  within  i 
lengucs  of  I^a  Plata. 

C(/a';=:,a  town  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  Culia,  near  t'-o  miles  E  of  Havannah, 
and  JO  N  from  Spiritu  Santo. 

Caen,  the  chief  city  of  Cayenne,  ia 
French  Guiana,  in  S.  America.  See  Cw 
yenne, 

Caeniarvan,A  townfliip  in  Lancafter  coi, 
Pennfylvania,has  94a  inhabitant". 

Cafaren  R.  or  C(,Ij,iiiJ',c  C>f,,i,  in  N.  Jcrfey, 
empties  into  Delaware  Bay,  after  a  S  wes- 
terly courlc  of  about  30  miles.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  vclltls  of  100  tom  as  far  a* 
Bridgetown,  20  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Ci:nhne'Kv.iga,Si  tribe  of  Indians  in  Lower 
Canada,  fonie  of  whom  inhabit  near 
iVIoiUrcal. 

Caghtu-ivaga,  the  name  of  a  fmall  village 
or  parifli  on  the  N  lide  of  Mohav.k  R.  in 
the  townHiip  of  Johnftown,  about  24 
miles  W  of  So!icnci*^ady.  It  is  not  im- 
probable thar  the  tribe  of  Indians  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  article  formerly 
inhabited  this  place.     Sec  'Johnjioiun. 

dZiei(/(i,a  poll  town  in  tlic  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, N  of  Kalkaflcias,  963  miles  front 
Wafliington. 

6'(»  Ira,  a  port  town  in  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
ginia, 190  iniict  from  Wafliington. 

Ca  IrSf, 


CAL 

Ca  Ir*,  the  chief  town  of  Sumner  co. 
Teneflec.  A  name  that  perpetuates  the 
remembrance  of  political  foIJy. 

Caijlor,  a  townlhip  in  the  co.  of  Lincoln, 
U.  Canada,  between  Binbrdok  and  Gaiuf- 
borough,  watered  by  ihc  river  Welland. 

Smytl). 

Calabeza,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Ter- 
ra Firma,  on  Oroonoco  R. 

Caleaylaret,  a  jurifdidlion  in  Peru,  fuh- 
jedt  to  the  bifliop  of  Cufco,about  4  leagues 
W  of  that  city ;  exuberant  in  all  kinds  of 
grain  and  fruits,  and  fugar  equal  to  any 
of  the  refined  fugars  of  Europe.  Former- 
ly it  produced  80,000  arohas  ;  but  the 
quantity  is  now  faid  to  be  much  Icfs. 

Ca/aw,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co.  Ver- 
mont,  30  miles  N  W  of  Newbury.  It  has 
443  inhabitants. 

Caldwell,  a  town  in  N.  Jerfcy,  between 
Newark  and  MorriUown. 

Caledonia,  Neiv,  a  very  large  ifland  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  S  W  and  not  far  diftant 
from  the  New  Hebrides,  fnft  difcovered 
Wy  Capt.  Cook,  in  1774.  It  is  about  87 
le.tgu«s  long;  its  breadth  is  various,  and 
no  where  exceeds  ten  leagues.  It  is  in- 
habited by  a  race  offtout,  tail,  well  pro- 
portioned Indians  of  a  fwarthy  or  dark 
tfh^fliMt  brown.  A  few  leagues  diflant 
are  i,  .mall  iflands,  called  ifland  of  Pinet 
and  Botany  ifiaod. 

Cal.'hnia  Co.  is  Vermont,  contains  24 
townf  lips, and  hasConnedlicut  R.  SE,  Or- 
leans and  Chittenden  counties  N  W  ;  Ef 
fex  CO.  N  F.,  and  Orange  co.  S  W.  It  con- 
tains 9377  inhabitants. 

Caledonia,  a  port  on  the  ifthmus  *r^a- 
rien,  45  leagues  N  W  from  the  rive.  At- 
rato  It  was  attempted  to  be  eflablifli.'d 
by  the  Scotch  nation  in  1698,  and  had  a: 
firft  all  the  promifing  appearances  ol'luc- 
cefs ;  but  the  Englifli,  influenced  \y,  .:  .r- 
row  national  prejudices,  put  every  im 
pediment  in  their  way  ;  which,  joined  to 
the  unhcalthintfs  of  the  climate,  deftroy- 
ed  the  infant  colony.     See  Batten. 

Call,  a.  city  of  New  Granada,  S.  .Amcri- 
ca,fituated  onthe  river  Cauca.     The  fla- 

?lc  port  for  this  city,  as  alio  for  thufe  of 
opayan,  Santa  Fe,  and  the  fouthern  parts 
of  Terra  Firma,  is  Bonaventura  in  the 
dillridl  of  Popayan.  The  road  by  lai.d 
from  that  port  is  not  paflablc  for  beads 
of  burden;  fo  that  travellers  with  ihcir 
baggage,  are  carried  on  the  backs  of  In- 
dians in  a  chair,  with  which  weight  they 
crofs  rivers  and  mountaius,  being  entire- 
ly flaves  to  the  Spaniards,  who  thus  fub- 
(titute  them  in  the  room  of  horfcs  and 
mules.    N  lat.  3  15,  W  ion.  76  30. 


CAL 

CalilogU  JR.  and  Sound,  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  form  the  outlet  of  May  and 
New  rivers. 

California,  an  extenfivc  peninfula  of  N. 
America, lying  between  the  tropic  of  Can- 
cer and  the  38  o  N  lat.  waflied  on  the  E  by 
a  gulf  of  the  fame  name,  and  on  the  W 
by  the  Paci/ic  ocean,  or  great  S  Sea  ;  ly- 
ing witiiin  the  three  capes  or  limits  of 
Cape  St.  liUcas,  the  river  Colorado  and 
Cape  Blanco  de  San  Sebaftian,  which  it 
called  its  wefteru  limit.  The  (^ulf  which 
waflits  it  on  the  E  called  the  gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia, is  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  ocean, in- 
tercepted between  Cape  Corientesou  the 
one  fide,  andCapcSt.I.ucas  on  the  other; 
that  is  between  Mexico  nr  New  Spain  on 
the  N  E  and  that  of  California  on  the  W. 
'I'he  length  of  California  is  abont  300 
leagues,  in  breadth  it  bears  no  propor- 
tion, not  being  more  than  40  leagues  a- 
crofs,  from  fea  to  tea.  The  country  is 
very  fruitful,  abounds  with  domcftic  ani- 
mals, brought  thi;hcr  originally  from 
Spain,  and  with  iome  wild  animals  not 
known  in  Old  or  New  Spain.  The  cli- 
mate isfultry,  the  heat  in  fummer  being 
cxceflively  fevcre.  I  he  Roman  Catho- 
lics have  met  with  confiderablefucccfs  in 
converting  the  CaIitorni.'.n»  to  Chriftian- 
ity.  The  chief  town  is  St.  Juan.  The 
Miflionaries  are  fupported  at  vafl  cxpenfe 
for  the  purpofe  of  extending  civilization 
and  ehriftianity  through  thefe  dreary 
'bodes  of  favage  pagani*""!!.  They  per- 
form the  laborious  ic/  vi;  e  with  alacrity 
I  :  1  prudence.  They  treat  their  converts 
:  ,  chi'Jrjn,  futnifh  them  with  fupport 
a  -ii  eriipioymcnt.  They  have  made  fomc 
advance  in  the  irts  of  civil  life,  are  hap- 
py, denying  rhemfelves  their  former  li- 
centious ; Tadlices.  They  appear  devout, 
chade  and  honelt  :  tiieft  is  unknown 
among  tl  em.  Let  Proteftants  go  and  do 
likewife.  Cortes  difcovered  this  country 
in  1536  ;  but  .Si-  Francis  Drake  was  the 
firfl  who  took  pofielfion  of  it,  in  IJ78  ; 
and  his  rij^'.t  .«,<s  confirmed  by  the  prin- 
cipal king  o-       icf  in  the  whole  country. 

Callao,  a  Tea  port  town  in  the  empire  of 
Peru,  beinf,  the  port  or  harbour  of  Lima, 
and  if  iicuated  2  leagues  from  that  city. 
On  the  N  fide  runs  the  river  which  wa- 
ters Lima,  ou  which  fide  is  a  Ituall  fuburb 
built  only  ofr-cds.  There  is  another  on 
the  .Slide  ;  f'^y  are  both  called  Pitipifli, 
and  inhabited  by  Indians.  To  the  E  are 
extenfivc  plains,  adorned  with  beautiful 
orchards  watered  by  canals  cut  from  the 
river.  The  town,  ".'hich  is  built  on  a  low 
flat  point  of  land,  was  Arongiy  fortified 


^•■-a 


!• 


I 


CAt 

in  the  refgn  of  Philip  IV.  and  numerous 
b"*tcries  command  the  port  and  road, 
v.nich  19  the  greateA<  fined, and  fafeil  in 
nil  the  S.  Sea.  There  is  anchorage  every 
where  in  very  deep  water,  without 
danger  of  rocks  or  flioals,  except  one, 
which  is  3  cables,  length  from  the  fliore, 
about  the  middle  of  the  idand  of  St. 
Lawrence,  oppolite  I,a  Galatea.  The 
little  ifland  of  Callao  lies  jiift  before  the 
town.  In  the  opening  between  thtfe  two 
iflands,  there  aic  two  fm^ll  ifiots,  or 
rather  rocks  ;  there  is  alio  a  third  very 
low,  but  half  a  league  out  at  fea,  S  S  E 
from  the  N  W  point  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Lawrence.  Near  the  fea  fide  is  the  gov- 
ernor's houfe,  which,  with  the  viceroy's 
palace,  take  up  a  fides  of  a  fqnare  ;  the 
parifli  cluirch  makes  a  third ;  and  a  bat- 
tery of  3  pieces  of  cannon  forms  the  4th. 
The  churches  are  built  of  canes  inter- 
woven, and  covered  with  clay,  or  paint- 
ed white.  Here  are  5  monafteries,  and 
an  hofpital.  The  houfes  arc  in  general 
built  of  flight  materials  ;  the  Angular  cir- 
cumftance  of  its  never  raining  in  this 
country  renders  ftone  houfes  unnecefla- 
xy  ;  and  befide  thefe  are  more  apt  to  fuf- 
fer  from  earthquakes,  which  are  frequent 
here.  The  moft  remarkable  happened  in 
the  year  1746,  which  laid  ^ths  of  Lima 
level  with  the  ground,  and  entirely  de- 
moliflicd  Callao  ;  where  the  deftruclion 
was  fo  entire  that  only  one  man,  of  3000 
inhabitants,  was  left  to  record  this  dread- 
ful calamity.     S  lat.  la  i,  W  Ion.  77. 

CtiUacalles,  a  river  of  Chili  which  falls 
into  the  S  fea  at  Baldivia. 

CulJi'iqua,  a  town  and  harbour  at  the  S 
^Vcnd  of  St.  Vincent,  one  of  the  Carib- 
bee  ifland;).  Tiie  harbour  is  the  bell  in 
the  ifland,  '"""d  draws  thither  a  great  part 
of  the  trade,  and  the  principal  iniiabitants 
of  the  ifland. 

Calm  Point,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  N.  A- 
inerica,  lies  within  Briftol  Bay,  on  the 
northern  fide. 

C.jln,  Eaji  and  Wtfi^  two  townfliips  in 
Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Cahs,  a  bay  on  the  W  coafl:  of  the  pen- 
iofula  of  E,  Florida,  where  are  excellent 
lifliing  banV;s  and  grounds.  Not  far 
from  this  is  a  confiderablt  town  of  the 
Seminole  Indians.  J  he  Spaniards  from 
Cuba  take  great  quantities  of  fifli  here, 
and  barter  with  the  Indians  and  traders 
for  fkins,  furs,  ^:c.  and  return  with  their 
cargoes  to  Cuba. 

Ciilpolnljuin,  a  mountain  in  N.  Mexico, 
which  abounds  with  quarries  of  jafpcr 
and  marble  of  different  colours. 


CAM 

Cahert  Co.  in  Maryland,  on  the  W  fliore 
of  the  Chefapeak ;  it  is  about  33  mile; 
long,  and  19  and  \  wide.  It  is  agreeably 
varied  by  hills  and  vales,  the  laud  is  gen- 
erally faudy,  and  produces  good  corn. 
It  contains  8297  people,  4101  being  flavc» 
to  the  reft.    Chief  town,  Prince  Frederick, 

Calumet,  Point,  on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake 
Superior,  W  of  the  river  Du  Chcue,  be- 
tween which  places,  the  e;'aft,  confifting 
of  perpendicular  rocks,  is  dangerous. 

Smytb. 

Gamma,  a  jurifdiiilion  in  Peru,  under 
the  bifliop  of  Arequipa,  very  cxteiifive, 
but  full  of  dcfarts,fomc  diftance  from  the 
S.  Sea  coad.  Eafiward  it  extends  to  the 
borders  of  the  Andes  ;  abounds  in  grain, 
fruits,  and  fome  filver  mines. 

Cambletoiim,  in  VV.  Florida,  on  the  W 
fidi  of  Efcambia  R.  near  iis  month,  10 
miles  from  Penfacola.  A  number  of 
French  Proteftants  planted  themfelve^ 
here  in  1766,  and  for  fome  time  were 
fupported  by  government,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  cultivating  filk.  The  town  wa? 
fituated  on  high  ground,  on  a  light  foil, 
but  near  mar'liy  ground,  which  render-; 
ed  it  unhealthy.  It  has  lonj^  finccbeca 
abandoned,  and  the  town  dellroyed. 

Hutchins. 
C.imbridge,  an   unintiabited  townfliip  in 
Grafton  CO.  N.Hampfliire,  E  of   Andro- 
feo^gin,  and  S  of  Uinbagog  Lake. 

C.wibridge,  a  pofl  town  in  Wathington 
CO.  N.  York,  la  by  13  miles  in  extent, 
containing  6187  inhabitants,  10  miles  1^ 
W  of  Bennington. 

Cambriil^e,  a  poft  and  lialf  fliire  town  of 
Middlefex  co.  MafTachufetts,  is  one  of 
the  largcft  and  moft  refpetElable  town- 
fliips of  the  county.  Its  3  pariflies, Cam- 
bridge, Little  Cambridge,  and  Mcnotomy, 
contain  3  Congregational  meeting  lioui'es, 
one  forBaptifts,  god  anotl«er  for  Epifco- 
palians ;  a  number  of  very  piieaiant  feats, 
and  2453  inhabitants.  A  br.<ige  connctfts 
this  town  with  Bofton.  '!  iie  compatfl 
part  of  Cambridge  is  pleaf.nitly  fituated 
3^  miles  we(lwar<i  of  Bofton,  on  the  N 
bank  of  Charles  R.'-)ver  which  is  a  bridge 
leading  to Littli  Cambridge.  It  ctmtains 
about  100  dwelling  hont'"s.  Its  |niblic 
buildings,  befide  the  edifices  which  be- 
long to  Harvard  Univcrfity,are  the  Epif- 
copal  and  Congregational  meeting  houfes, 
and  a  handfome  court  houfe.  The  col- 
lege biiiidings  arc  4  in  lunidicr,  and  are 
of  brick,  named  Harvard,  Mollis,  and 
Mafl'achufetls  Halls,  and  Holden  Chapel. 
Preparations  are  miking  for  eretfting 
another  Hall  for  the  ufc  of  the  ftudents. 

'Vhcy 


TAM 


CAM 


They  ftan  .leautiful  green  which 

fpreads  u  W,  and  exhibit  a  pleaf- 

ing  view.  ais  univcrfity,  as  to  its  li- 
brary, philofophical  apparatus  and  pro- 
felTorfliips,  is  at  prefent  the  firft  literary 
inftitution  on  this  continent.  It  takes  it( 
date  from  the  year  1638,  7  ytars  after 
the  firft  Icttlcment  in  the  towniliip,  then 
called  Netutoiun.  .Since  its  eftablifljment, 
to  Jiil/j  1794,  3.?99  fludents  have  receiv- 
ed honorary  degrees  from  its  I'u'  '•cflive 
oflieers.  Jt  has  generally  from  150  to  220 
{tudents.  The  library  contains  upwards 
of  13,000  volumes.  The  cabinet  of  min- 
erals, in  the  mufeum,  contains  the  more 
ufeful  produdtii.-ns  of  nature  ;  and  ex- 
ceptinj;  what  are  called  the  precious  Jlcnes, 
there  are  very  few  fubflances  yet  difcov- 
ered  in  the  mineral  kingdom,  but  what 
may  be  found  here.  The  univerfity  owes 
Jhis  noble  colleiSlion  of  minerals,  and  fev- 
eral  other  natural  curiofities,  to  the  mu- 
nificence of  Dr.  Letfom,  of  Landon,  and 
to  that  of  the  republic  of  France.  In  the 
north  parilli  of  this  town,  called  Muno<e»?y, 
is  a  card  manufaiSlory,  belonging  to  Mr. 
Whittcmore,  of  very  ingcniouflv  coutriv- 
pd  machinery,  and  on  an  extenfive  fcale. 
J'ifty  dozen  pairs  of  cards  are  made  here 
in  a  day,  bclides  carding  machines.  In 
the  eaftern  part  of  this  town,  at  the  h.cad 
of  W.  Boflon  bridge,  is  a  thriving  com- 
mercial lettlement.  N.  lat.  42  33  a8,  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich  71  7  30. 

CambriJjre,  a.  poft  town  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  where  the  circuit 
courts  are  held.  Formerly  it  \v;tb  called 
Ninety  Six.  It  contains  about  iohoufes, 
a  court  houfe,  and  a  brick  ,<^a,-'l.  The 
college  by  law  inftitutcd  here  is  no  bet- 
ter than  a  granmiar  fchool.  It  is  80  miles 
N  N  W  of  Columbia  ;  50  N  by  W  of 
Augufta,  in  Georgia,  140  N  W  of  Charlef- 
ton.  N.  lat.  34  9.  In  May,  1781,  this 
town  was  clofely  beficged  by  General 
Greene, and  bravelydefcnded  by  the  Brit- 
ifli  commanded  by  Col.  Cruger. 

CamLriJ^e,z.  pofl  town  of  Dorchefter  co. 
Maryland,  is  fuuated  on  the  S  fide  of 
Choptank  R.  abwut  13  miles  E  S  E  from 
Cook's  point  at  its  mouth  ;  9  W  S  W 
from  Newmarket,  and  57  S  E  from  Bal- 
timore, its  lituation  is  healthy,  and  it 
contains  about  50  houles  and  a  church. 
N  lat.  38  34. 

Ciimoiidge.  a  poft  towr,  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  is  fituuted  on  both  fide?  of  La 
MoilleR.  about  25  miles  NH  of  Burlington. 

Cambrilge,  a  townHup  in  U.  Canada, 
Stormont  cp.  S  of  Clarence. 


Camien,  Eafl  and  Wef,  two  tOTrnfliipf 
in  U.  Canada;  the  latter  in  Kent  co.  00 
the  N  of  river  Thames,  oppofite  Howard, 

Smyth. 

Camden  Co.  in  F.denton  diftrid,  N.  Cnr- 
olina,  is  in  the  N  £  corner  of  the  flate. 
It  has  4191  inhabitants,  including  1170 
(laves.     Jonefborough  is  the  chief  town. 

CjW«/,  formtrJy  a  diflrii5t,iii  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  has  Chcraws  dif- 
tri«5l  on  the  N  E,  Georgetown  diflricl  on 
the  S  E,  and  the  flate  of  N.  Ciiroliiia  ou 
the  N  ;  and  was  divid.:d  into  the  follow- 
ing c<nmtics,  Fairiicid,  Richlaml,  Claren- 
don, Clarcmont,  Kerfiiaw,  Salem,  and 
Lancafrcr  ;  the  four  firft  are  ertcled  into 
diftricls  of  the  fame  name  ;  the  three 
laft  form  Sumpter  dlftrii^.  I'his  dif- 
tricl  is  watered  by  the  Waterce,  or  Cat- 
abaw  R.  and  its  branches  ;  the  upper 
part  is  vaiiegated  with  hills,  generally 
fertile  and  well  watered.  It  produces 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  barley,  tobacco, 
and  cotton.  The  Catabaw  Indians,  the 
only  tribe  which  rcfide  in  ihc  flate,  live  in 
the  N  part  of  this  diftritT:.     Sec  CuLtbaiv. 

Cami'eii.a.  poft  town,  and  chief  Of  .Sump- 
ter diftridl,  in  Kerfiiaw  co.  ftands  on  the 
E  fide  of  Wateree  R.  35  miles  N  E  of  Co- 
iunihi.i;  jj  S  W  of  Cheraw  ;  120  N  by 
W  of  Charlefton,  and  643  S  iv  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  is  regul.irly  laid  ciut,  and 
contains  about  200  houfcs,  an  Epifcopal 
church, a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  The  nav- 
igable river  on  which  the  town  (lands, 
enables  the  inhabitants  to  carry  on  a 
lively  trade  with  the  back  country.  N 
lat.  34  12,  W  Ion.  80  54.  This  town,  or 
near  it,  was  ihe  fccne  of  two  battles  in  tlie 
late  war.  On  :iie  16th  of  Augufl,  1780, 
between  Gen.  Gates  and  Lord  Cornwallis, 
in  which  the  American  gcncnil  was  de- 
feated. The  other  was  a  brilk  aifbion 
between  Lord  Rawdon  and  Gen.  Greene, 
on  the  25th  ofApril,i;8i.  LordRawdoa 
fallicd  out  of  the  town  vith  800  men,  and 
attacked  the  American  camp,  which  was 
v.'ithin  a  mile  of  the  town.  The  Ar.ieri- 
cans  had  126  men  ki'led,  and  100  taken 
prifoners,  and  the  Britifli  had  about  100 
killed.  The  town  was  evacuated  the  9th 
of  May,  in  the  fame  year,  after  Lord 
Rawdon  had  burned  the  gaol,  mills,  many 
private  houfcs,  and  part  of  his  own  b.ig- 
gage. 

Cdrr.ckn  Co.  in  the  lower  diftritt  of  Geor- 
gia, Kt  the  S  E  corner  of  the  ft;,^o,  on  St. 
Mary's  R.  contains  1681  inli.ilMtant--.  iu- 
cl'jding  735  fiavcs.  Chief  town  St.  Pa- 
tricks. 

Cuma't/.^ 


%ri 


GAM 


CAM 


mi 


1'! 


^'W 


if 

I! 


If  i' 


teamieH,  %  fmall  pod  town  on  the  wefl- 
jCrn  fide  of  Penobfcot  bay,  Maine,  and 
|the  S  eaftcrnmod  townfliip  of  Lincoln  co. 
havingThomafbown  on  thie  S  W;  35  miles 
JN  N  £  fropi  Pownalborough. 

CamJiUt  a  village  in  Kept  co.  (late  of 

Delaware,  about  4  miles  S  W  from  Dover. 

CumUlui,  a.  townfliip  in  N.  York,  on  the 

S  tide  of  Senega  river,  18  miles  S  W  from 

fort  Brewington. 

Cam  I/land,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
Ifles,  in  the  W.  Indies ;  fituated  near  St. 
John'ii  in  the  King's  Channel.  N  lat.  18 
ao,  W  Ion.  63  25. 

Campbell  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  E  of  Bed- 
ford CO.  on  Staunton  IL  It  ii  30  miles 
long,  and  17  broad,  and  contains  6195 
free  inhabitants,  aqd  3671  flavcs.  I',  con- 
jtains  large  quantities  of  iron  ore  ,  iron 
works  arc  credlcd.  Chief  town  New 
London. 

Campbclttown,  a  village  in  Dauphin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  13  miles  E  of  Harriiburgh, 
and  96  N  W  of  Philadelphia. 

CampielltoioK  in  N.  Carolina,  is  a  iargc 
and  flourifliiii,';  townona  br.tnct?.  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  loc  miles  above  Wilmington; 
having  "  above  lOO  houfes,  many  wealthy 
merchants,  refpc«flable  public  buildings, 
a  vaft  refort  of  inhabitants  and  travellers, 
and  continual  brifk  commerce  by  wag- 
gons, from  the  back  fettlemcnts.  with 
large  trading  boats."  Bartram. 

CmpbdCi  ForU  «-i  Teneffee,  near  the 
juinaion  of  Holfton  R-  with  the  Teneffee ; 
dirtant  135  iniles  from  Abingdon,  Vir- 
ginia, and  445  W  of  Richmond. 

Campbell,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
J 79 7  free  people,  and  258  Haves.  The 
court  houfe,  where  there  is  a  pod  office, 
is  jaj  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Campbelltown,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Carolina, 
in  Edgefield  CO.  5  7  6  miles  from  Wafliington. 
Campbell's,  or  Prefon's  Salines,  in  North 
Holfton,  in  the  ftate  of  Teneffee,  are  the 
<  air  onf  5  that  have  yet  been  difcovered 
i.ij  ihe  upper  branches  of  the  Teneffee. 
.\.arge  bones,  like  thoft.  fcand  at  Big  Bor.e 
;Lick,  have  been  dug  up  here  ;  and  <uher 
ciicumftances  render  the  tratH:  which 
contains  the  falines  a  great  natural  curi- 
^ritir.  Capt.  Charles  Campbell,  pue  of 
tlie  hrfl  explorers  of  the  weftern  country, 
made  the  difeovery  of  this  tradt  in  1745. 
In  i753«  he  obtained  a  patent  for  it  from 
^he  governor  of  Virginia.  Hi«  fou,  the 
late  Gcn.William  Campbell,  the  fame  who 
|)ehaved  fo  gallantly  in  the  years  1780, 
and  1781,  became  owner  of  it  on  his 
^eath.    But  it  wai  not  till  the  time  of 


his  death,  when  fait  was  very  fearce  an! 
dear,  that  fait  water  was  difcovered,  and 
lalt  made  by  a  poor  man.  Since  that 
time  it  has  been  improved  to  a  coniider? 
able  extent,  and  many  thoufands  of  peo-  . 
pie  are  now  fupplied  from  it,  with  fait  of 
a  fuperior  quality,  and  at  a  low  price. 
The  tradl  confifts  of  about  300  acres  of 
fait  marfli  land,  of  as  rich  a  foil  as  caii 
be  imagined.  In  this  flat,  pits  are  funk, 
in  order  to  obtain  the  fait  water.  The 
beft  is  found  from  30  to  40  feet  deep  j 
after  paffing  through  the  rich  foil  or  mud, 
from  6  to  10  feet,  you  come  to  a  very 
brittle  limcftone  rock,  with  cracks  or 
chafms,  through  which  the  fait  water 
iffiits  into  the  pits,  whence  it  is  drawn  by 
buckets  and  put  into  the  boilers,  which 
are  placed  in  furnaces  adjoining  the  pits. 
The  hill.-i  that  furround  this  flat  are  cov« 
ercd  with  fine  timber;  and  a  coa|  mine 
has  been  difcovered  not  far  from  it.  Here 
is  a  port  office,  567  miles  W  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Campeacby,  a  town  in  the  audience  of 
Old  Mexico,  or  New  Spain,  and  province 
of  Yucatan,  fituated  on  the  bay  of  Cam,- 
peachy,  near  the  W  fliore.  Its  houfts  arc 
well  built  of  ftone ;  when  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  it  was  a  large  (own  of  3000 
houfes,  and  had  conftderable  monuments 
of  Indian  art  and  indudry.  There  is  a 
good  dock  and  fort,  with  a  governor  and 
garrifon,  which  commands  both  the  town 
and  harbour.  It  has  been  often  flormed 
and  taken, both  by  the  Englifli  and  French 
buccaniersjin  i659,i678,andlaftiu  1685, 
when  thefc  freebooters  united  and  plun- 
dered every  place  within  15  leagues  round 
it,  for  the  fpace  of  two  months ;  they  af- 
terwards fet  fire  to  the  fort  and  town, 
which  the  governor,  who  kept  the  field 
with  his  men,  would  not  ranfom  ;  and  to 
complete  the  pillage  by  a  Angular  piece 
of  folly,  the  French  buccaniers  celebrated 
the  feaft  of  their  king,  the  day  of  St.  Louis, 
by  burning  to  the  value  of  £.50,000  fter- 
ling,  of  Campeachy  wood,  which  was  a 
part  pf  their  fliarf  of  ihe  plunder.  Tlxe 
port  is  large,  but  fliallow  It  was  a  ftattd 
market  for  logwood,  of  which  great  quan- 
tities grew  in  the  neighbourhood,  before 
the  EnglilTi  landed  there,  and  cut  it  at  the 
I  ifthmus^  which  they  entered  at  Triefta 
I  Ifland,  near  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  40 
leagues  S  W  from  Campeachy.  The  chief 
manufacture  here  is  cotton  cloth.  La.t. 
15  40,  Ion.  91  30. 

Campo  Bfllo,  a  long  and  narrow  idand, 

on  the  £  coaft  of  Wafuington  co,  Maine, 

fl  and 


.  y  . 


ifland, 
,  Maine, 
and 


C  A  i^  ^ 

and  the  N  eafternmod  of  all  the  iflands. 
It  lies  at  the  mouth  of  a  large  bay  into 
tvhich  Cobfcook  river  empties,  and  has 
communication  with  PaiTamaquoddy  bay 
on  the  N  by  two  channels ;  the  one  be- 
tween the  W  fide  of  Deer  L  and  the  con- 
tinent ;  the  other  into  the  mouth  of  Paf- 
famaquoddy  bay,  between  Deer  I.  and  the 
N  end  6f  Campo  Bello  I.  which  lies  in 
about  N  lat.  44  48.  'J'he  S  end  is  5  miles 
N  wedcrly  from  Grand  Mannan  I.  See 
Eafport. 

Campton,  a  fmall  townfhip  in  Grafton 
CO.  N.  HampfliirCj  on  the  E  bank  of  Pe- 
migewaffet,  the  N  head  water  of  Merri- 
mack R.  35  miles  N  E  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, and  67  N  W  of  Portfmouth. 

Canaan,  a  thriving  poll  town  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  on  Kennebeck  R.  35  miles  N  by 
W  of  Hallowell,  and  233  N  by  E  of  Bof- 
ton  ;  incorporated  in  1788.  The  head  of 
Sawhegan  falls  is  the  boundary  between 
Canaan  and  Noridgwock.  The  falls  are 
ao  feet  perpendicular.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  an  ifland,  on  each  fide,  the 
channel  is  about  izo  feet  wide.  In  the 
town  is  a  decent  Congregational  meeting 
houfe. 

Canaan,  z  poft  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  10  miles  E  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege; incorporated  in  1761. 

Canaan,  a  poft  town  in  LitchfieW  co. 
Connedlicut,  E  of  Houfatonick  R.  having 
MaflTachufetts  on  the  N.  At  this  place 
the. water  of  the  whole  river,  which  is 
about  75  yards  wide,  falls  about  60  feet 
nearly  perpendicularly,  in  a  perfect  white 
fheet,  exhibiting,  when  the  river  is  full,  a 
fcene  exceedingly  grand  and  beautiful. 
On  thefc  falls  art  a  faw  mills,  2  grift  mills, 
a  bloomery  with  two  fires,  a  carding  ma- 
chine, and  2  fulling  mills.  A  paper  mill 
and  gun  fliop  were  burnt  in  t8oo,  and 
havE  not  been  riltuitt.  Tiie  ore  which 
fupplici  the  liionintiy  is  hronjjht  6  miles, 
from  Salillniry,  nml  is  ot  a  I'mnriiir  kind. 
J\ift  below  the  f'sills,  a  liidgc  roniiri'li 
Canaan  with  SiliOnii  V  HiHvn  n  lid  lidin 
and  bridj<r  in  a  Hul  Ipriiig  ot  water,  ol' 
fomc  ctlcbrity.  Canaan  is  i8  mile*  N  W 
•f  l.it.-hfield. 

Camutii,  a  townlliip  in  ElTcx  co.  Ver- 
mont, is  the  N  eafternmofl  town  in  the 
ftate.  It  ftands  at  the  foot  of  the  Upper 
Great  Monadnwck. 

Canaan,  a  townfliip  in  Columbia  co.  N. 
Toik,  having  Kinderhook  on  the  VV,  and 
MalTarlinfetts  E.  It  has  5195  inhabit- 
ants, including  .^i  flavcs  ;  6630!'  thcfltc 
idkabitauti  ate  dicdori. 


CAI^F 

Canada,  Or  the  Province  of  ^ehee.  Hf 
the  Royal  Proclamation  of  the  7th  of  0»a; 
1763,  this  province  was  bounded  on  the 
E  by  the  river  St.  John,  and  from  thence 
by  a  line  draAvn  from  the  head  of  that 
river  through  Lake  St.  John,  to  the  S  end 
of  the  Lake  Ncpiihng;  from  whence  the 
line  crothng  the  river  ft.  Lawrence  and 
lake  Champlain  in  the  45th  parallel  of  N 
latitude,  paflcs  along  the  high  lands  which 
divide  the  rivers  that  empty  thcmfclves 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  from  thofe 
which  fall  into  the  fea  ;  and  alfo  along 
the  N  coafl  of  the  Baye  de  Chaleurs,  and 
the  coaft  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  tt» 
Cape  Roficrs ;  and  from  thence  crolling 
the  mouth  of  tl«  river  St.  Lawrence,  by 
the  W  end  of  the  ifland  of  Anticofti,  ter- 
minates at  the  river  St.  John.  An  a«5t  of 
Parliament  pafTed  in  1774,  has  removed 
the  northern  and  weftern  limits  of  Que- 
bec, adding  to  its  jurifdiiStion  alt  the  lands 
comprifed  between  the  northern  bounds 
of  N.  York,  the  weftern  line  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  the  Ohio,  the  Miflifippi,  and  the 
fouthern  boundaries  of  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company. 

Canada,  Upper,  commences  at  a  ftone 
boundary  on  the  N  bank  of  the  lake  St. 
Francis,  at  the  cove  W  of  Poinfe  au  Bodct, 
in  tjje  limit  between  the  townfliip  of 
Lancaftcr  and  the  Seigniory  of  New  Lon- 
gueiul,  running  along  the  faid  limit  in  the 
direcflion  of  N  34°  W,  to  the  weftcrnmoli 
angle  of  the  Seigniory  of  New  Longueiul  ; 
thence  along  the  N  weftern  boundary  of 
the  Seigniory  of  Vaudreuil,  riinning  N 
^S°  F,  until  it  ftrikes  the  Ottawa  river, 
and  a  ?ends  by  it  into  lake  Tomifcanning} 
and  fiom  the  head  of  that  lake,  by  a  line 
drawn  due  N,  until  it  ftrikes  the  bound- 
ary line  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  which  is  the 
parallel  of  49^  N  latitude,  inci'.iding  all 
the  territory  to  the  weftward  and  fouth- 
ward  of  tiic  laiii  line,  to  the  utmoft  extent 
of  the  country  known  by  the  name  of 
('mala.  This  province  was  divided  inta 
It;  counties  by  ('roclamaiion  the  i6th  of 
July,  1 79i,*viz.Addington,Dunda3, Dur- 
ham, ElTcx,  Frontcnac,  Glcngary,  Gren- 
villc,  Haftings,  Kent,  Leeds,  Lenox,  Lin- 
coln, Norfolk,  Northumberland,  Ontario, 
Prince  r'd\v:\id,  Storniont,  Suffolk,  York* 
Thrv  Vu\d  »6  reprefentatives  to  the  pro- 
viitiiO  parliament.  Thcfe  counties  are 
divided  into  townfliips,  which,  ordinarily 

•  In  conf'-qu-iic(>  of  the  Increaff  of  population, 
tiitl  for  other  reafons,  an  act  of  the  puiviniial 
;>arli  imc;!t  has  l.itely  ]y\l\',  A  fur  the  f .;  'V.er  (livif- 
icn  of  rhe  jMovincf,  liy  -vhioh  the  d^ftrKts  are 
divided  into  twice  titeix  ibraier  uuniljcr. 


'1  ['■Xi 


iVtS 


,f 


CAN 


CAN 


Ii'M 


iff 


m 


|i 


VJ, 


i|" 


§rt  a  paraltclogram  of  9  by  xi  niil«g. 
From  the  lake  St.  Francis, up  the  St.  Law* 
xcnce  to  lake  Ontario,  the  northern  bank 
of  the  river,  is  laid  out  in  regular  coun- 
ties and  town(hips ;  the  land  is  for  the 
mod  part  fertile,  and  under  as  high  a  (late 
ot  cultivation  as  can  he  expetSled  from  the 
time  it  has  been  fettled ;  the  iirft  improve- 
ments being  made  flnce  the  peace  in  1783, 
\rhcn  all  was  in  a  (late  of  nature,  and 
heavily  timbered.  There  arc  now  be- 
tween 30  and  40  mills  in  the  extent  men- 
tioned on  this  river,  the  mod  remarkable 
of  which  are  on  the  Oananoque.  Gogd 
toads  have  been  opened  and  bridges  well 
conftrudted  ;  fomc  of  them  over  wet 
lands,  and  the  mouths  of  creeks  and  rivers 
of  very  cunfiderable  extent ;  and  the  iird 
fcttlcrs  have  been  able,  by  their  very 
great  iududry,to  ereiftcomfortable  houfes. 
In  the  rear  of  thefe  towndiips  on  the  St. 
Lawrence  are  upwards  of  twenty  others, 
iu  which  fettlements  have  commenced,  to 
the  fouthward  of  the  Ottawa  or  Grand 
xiver,  which  many  ot  them  front ;  others 
■re  well  fupplied  by  the  waters  of  the 
Radeau.and  river  Petite  Nation,  with  the 
Gananoque  lakes  and  dreams,  all  of  which 
ail()rd  abundance  of  filuations  for  mills. 
Tlicfe  rivers,  like  mod  others  in  Canada, 
abound  in  carpe,  fturgeon,  perch,  and  cat 
fiili ;  the  ponds  adbrding  green  and  other 
turtle,  with  fifli  of  various  foris.  The 
lands  in  their  vicinity  are  differently  tim- 
bered according  to  their  quality  and  fltu- 
ation.  The  dry  lands,  which  arc  gener- 
ally high,  bear  oak  and  hickory ;  the  low 
grounds  produce  walnut,  am,  poplar, 
ctierry,  fycamore,  beach,  maple,  elm,  /kc 
and  in  feme  places  there  are  fwamps  full 
of  cedar  and  cyprefs.  The  banks  of  mod 
of  the  creeks  abound  in  fine  pine  timber, 
and  the  creeks  themfelves  afford  in  gen- 
eral good  feats  for  faw  mills ;  materials 
for  building  are  readily  procured.  The 
heads  of  the  rivers  Radcau,  and  Fetlte 
Nation,  communicate  by  fliort  portages, 
or  carrying  places,  with  the  w.tters  tnat 
fall  into  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  promife 
to  afford  great  advantages  to  all  kinds  of 
inland  communication.  The  forks  of  the 
Radeau,  ubvvt  which  aic  the  townfliips 
of  Oxford,  Marlborough,  and  Gower, 
promife  to  hr  ;ti  <biue  future  period,  an 
emporium  for  interior  commerce.  All 
the  townfliips  on  the  N  (idc  of  lake  On- 
tario are  well  watered  by  fmall  dreams, 
»t  the  mouths  of  which  are  ponds  and 
low  land,  capable  of  being  drained  and 
coavcrtcd  into  meadows.  Sm^tii. 


Canada,  Lotuir,  is  divided  into  6  dif>^ 
tri(S):s,  (which  are  Atbdivided  into  coun« 
ties  and  townllups)  viz.  Mortreal,  next  to 
U.  Canada  ;  Tiree  Ri'vin,  adjoining  it  on 
the  E  ;  ^ebec,  next  eadward.  Thcfe 
three  didritSts  extend  acrofs  L.  Canada, 
from  N  to  S,  and  are  interfciJled  by  the 
St.  Lawrence.  E  of  Quebec  Didridl,  ex- 
tending along  the  N  bank  of  the  St.  Law-> 
rence  to  its  mouth,  is  Nortbumierlani,  and 
on  the  S  fide  oppodte  is  Comioallls ;  £  of 
which  is  the  didridl  and  county  of  Gafpte, 
on  the  point  of  land,  furrounded  on  the 
N,  E,  S,  and  S  W,  by  the  St.  Lawrence 
river  and  gulf,  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurii. 
Of  Canada  in  general,  embracing  both 
provinQcs,  it  may  be  faid,  that  winter 
continues  with  fuch  feverity,  from  De- 
cember to  April,  as  that  the  largcd  river* 
are  frozen  over,  and  the  fnuvv  lies  com- 
monly from  four  to  (ix  feet  deep  during 
the  winter.  But  the  air  is  fo  ferene  and 
clear,  and  the  inhabitants  fo  well  defend- 
ed againd  the  cold,  that  thi»  fcafon  is  nei- 
ther unhealthy  nor  unpieafant.  The 
fpring  opens  fuddcniy,  and  vegetation  is 
furprifingly  rapid.  The  fummer  is  de- 
lightful, except  that  a  part  of  it  is  ex- 
tremely hot.  Though  the  climate  be 
cold,  and  the  winter  long  and  tedious,  the 
foil  is  in  general  very  good,  and  in  many 
partt  both  pleafant  and  fertile,  producing 
wheat,  barley,  rye,  with  many  other  forts 
of  grain,  fruits  and  vegetables;  tobacco, 
in  particular,  thrives  well,  and  is  much 
cultivated.  The  ifle  of  Orleans,  near 
Quebec,  and  the  lauds  upon  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  and  other  rivers,  are  remark- 
able for  the  richnefs  of  the  foil.  The 
meadow  grounds  in  Canada,  which  are 
well  watered,  yield  excellent  grafs,  and 
feed  great  numbers  of  great  and  fm:ill  cat- 
tle. From  Quebec,  to  Montreal,  which 
is  about  1 70  miles,  in  failing  up  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  the  eye  is  entertained  with 
beautiful  landlcapes,  the  banks  being  in 
many  places  very  bold  and  deep,  and 
fliadcd  with  lofty  trees.  'I'he  farms  lie 
pretty  clofe  all  the  way,  f>;vcral  gentle- 
men's houfes,  neatly  built,  lliew  them- 
felves at  intervals,  and  there  is  all  the 
appearance  of  a  flourifliing  colony.  Ma- 
ny beautiful  illands  are  interlperfcd  in 
the  channel  of  the  river,  which  have  an 
agreeable  effedb  upon  the  eye.  By  the 
Quebec  atfl,  pafl'ed  by  the  Parliament  of 
Great  Britain  in  the  year  1791,  it  is  en- 
acted, that  there  fliall  be  wl:hin  each  of 
the  provinces  of  Upper  and  Lower  Can- 
ada, a  lejiidative  couucil,  and  an  aifembly, 

who, 


-■«' 


CAM  ; 

VrliOiWith  the  confcnt  of  the  governor,  ap- 
pointed by  the  king,  fliiill  have  power  to 
make  laws.  The  Icgillative  council  is  to 
coiifift  of  not  fewer  than  7  members  for 
Upper,  and  15  for  Lower  Canada ;  to  be 
fummoned  by  the  governor,  who  mult  be 
authorised  by  the  king.  Such  memlMjrs 
are  to  hold  their  feats  for  life  ;  unlefs  for- 
feited by  4  years  continual  abfence,  or  by 
fwearing  allegiance  to  fome  foreign  pow- 
er. The  houfe  of  .Tflembly  is  to  confift 
of  not  lefs  than  i6  members  from  Upper, 
and  not  lefs  than  50  from  Lower  Canada  ; 
chofen  by  the  freeholders  in  the  feveral 
towns  and  diftri«5ts.  The  council  and  af- 
fembly  are  to  be  called  together  at  leaft 
once  in  every  year,  and  every  afi'embly  is 
to  continue  4  years,  unlefs  fooner  dilTolv- 
ed  by  the  governor.  Britifli  America  is 
fuperintended  by  an  ollicer,  ftyled  Gover- 
nor General  of  the  4  firitifli  provinces  in 
N.  America,  who,  befide  other  powers,  is 
commander  in  chief  of  all  the  Britifli 
troops  in  the  4  provinces  and  the  govern- 
ments attached  to  them,  and  Newfound- 
land. Each  of  the  provinces  has  a  lieu- 
tenant governor,  who,  in  the  abfence  of 
the  governor  general,  has  all  the  powers 
requilite  to  a  chief  magiltrate.  Lower 
Canada, in  17 84. contained  ii.^.oia.  Both 
provinces  contain  upwards  of  150,000 
fouls,  which  r.umber  is  multiplying  both 
by  natural  increafe  and  by  immigration. 
As  many  as  about  9  loths  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  thefe  provinces  arc  Roman  Catho- 
lics, who  enjoy,  under  the  prefent  gov- 
ernment, the  fame  provifion,  rights,  and 
privileges,  as  were  granted  them  in  1774, 
by  the  a£t  of  the  14th  of  George  lil.  The 
reft  of  the  people  are  Epifcopalians,  Pref- 
byterians,  and  a  few  of  almoft  all  the  dif- 
ferent fedtsof  chriftians.  The  amount  of 
the  exports  from  the  province  of  Quebec, 
in  the  year  1786,  was  £.343^26%  :  19  :  6. 
The  amount  of  imports  in  the  fame  year 
was  ;£.325,ii6.  The  exports  confifted  of 
wheat,  flour,  bifcuit,  flaxfeed,  lumber  of 
various  kinds,  fifli,  potafli,  oil,  ginfeng  and 
other  medicinal  roots,  but  principally  of 
furs  and  peltries,tothe  amount  ofi85,977/. 
The  imports  confifted  of  rum,  brandy, 
molafles,  coffee, fugar,  wines,  tobacco,  fait, 
chocolate,  provifions  for  the  troops,  and 
dry  goods.  This  country  was  difcovered 
by  the  Engliflx  as  early  as  about  1497  ; 
and  fettled  by  the  French  in  i6o8,  who 
kept  poflTelfion  of  it  till  1760,  when  it  was 
taken  by  tho  Britilh  arms,  and  at  the  trea- 
ty of  Paris,  in  1763,  w.is  ceded  by  France 
to  the  crown  of  England,  to  whom  it  ha> 
Vol.  I.  K 


CAN 

ever  fince  belonged.  One  of  the  moft  re- 
markable accidents  which  hiftory  records 
of  this  country,  is  the  earthquake  in  the 
year  1663,  which  overwhelmed  a  chain  of 
mountains  of  freeftone  more  than  ^oomiles 
long,  and  changed  the  immenfe  traiSt  into 
a  plain.  See  Jiriti/b  America,  and  Britain, 
Nrw,  for  further  particulars  concerning 
this  country. 

Canada,  a  bay  on  the  E  (ide  of  New- 
foundland I.  between  VVMiite  and  liare 
bays,  which  laft  Ues  N  of  it. 

Canada  Crcds.  There  are  3  creeks  which 
l)car  this  name ;  one  a  water  of  Wood 
creek,  which  it  meets  4  or  5  miles  N  N  W 
of  Fort  Stanwix  or  New  Fort  Schuyler. 
The  other  two  are  northern  branches  of 
Mohawk  R.  the  u/>/>er  one  mingles  its  wa- 
ters with  the  Mohawk  in  the  townfliip  of 
Herkemer,  on  the  German  flats,  16  mile« 
below  Old  Fort  Schuyler  ;  over  the  mouth 
of  it  is  a  bridge.  The  other  empties  into 
the  Mohawk  13  miles  below.  Both  thefe 
are  long,  rapid  and  unnavigable  ftreams, 
and  bring  a  confiderable  acceflion  of  wa- 
ter to  the  Mohawk.  The  lands  on  thefe 
creeks  are  exceedingly  rich  and  valuable, 
and  faft  fettling. 

CananJarque,'3i  lake  and  creek, in  Ontario 
CO.  N.  York.  Tho  lake  is  about  20  miles 
long  and  3  broad,  and  fends  its  waters  in  3 
N  eaftward  and  eaftward  courfe  35  miles 
to  Seneca  R. 

Catiandarque,  a  poft  and  county  town  in 
Ontario  co.  N.  York.  It  ftands  at  the  N 
end  of  the  above  lake,  on  the  fcite  of  an 
ancient  town  of  the  Indians,  is  built  on 
one  ftreet  about  a  mile  in  length,  has  » 
number  of  elegant  buildings,  and  is  a  flour- 
ifliing  place.  It  is  8  miles  W  of  Geneva. 
Inhabitants  1153.  From  Wafliington  446 
miles.  A  turnpike  road  is  completed  to 
this  place,  and  a  public  ftage  runs  to  it 
from  Aliiany. 

Canada  Saga, or  Seneca  lake.  See  the  latter. 

Canajohary,  a  poft  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  a 
fine  townfliip  of  land,  40  miles  WofSche- 
netflady,  and  56  miles  from  Albany.  It 
has  2165  inhabitants.  A  creek  named 
Canajohary  enters  the  Mohawk  iu  this 
town.  In  this  townfliip,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Mohawk,  about  50  miles  fVom  Sche- 
netflady,  is  Indian  CaJHo,  fo  called,  the  I'eat 
of  old  king  Hendrick,  who  was  killed  ia 
Sept.  i7,rT,  at  Lake  George,  fighting  for 
the  Britifli  and  Americans  againft  the 
French.  Here  are  now  the  remains  of  a 
Briti(h  fort,  built  during  that  war,  abotK 
6o^ces  ftjuare.  A  ^old  coia  of  t]ic  value 


1' *y 


mmi. 


n 

M 

hi 

'^ 

B 

' 

1 

n 

1 

CAN 

rvf  about  7  dollars  w.u  found  in  thcfo 
ruins  in  i  793.  About  a  mile  anil  half  W 
of  thi)  Ibrt  (lauds  ;i  churcli,  which  is  called 
Brandt's  church,  which  the  noted  chief  of 
that  name  is  laid  to  have  left  with  great 
reluiSance.  This  was  the  principal  feat 
of  the  Mcha'.vk  nation  of  hidians,  and 
abounds  with  aj>i)lc  trees  o(  their  pLintinir, 
from  the  fruit  of  wlijch  is  made  eide.-  of  an 
cxct:l!\'iU  tjuality. 

Cii,'i,iiu\i,ii  final!  oblon<T  IlViivl  in  the  cnp- 
tainlliip  of  Brazil,  S.  Anurica,  beloiij;ing 
to  the  rortnj;;uefe,  oppofue  tlie  mouth  of 
Ararapiza  R.  on  the  ii  fide  of  which 
ftandi  the  town  of  Cananea  to  guard 
the  entrance  of  the  bay.  This  illaud  lies 
about  37,  leagues  from  St.  Vincent.  S  lat. 
as  10,  W  Ion.  47  12. 

Cti/iai-  Atan,  or  Great  Cirmr,  a  village  de- 
pendent on  the  city  of  Cuenca,  under  t'le 
jurifditilion  of  the  province  of  Quito,  in 
Peru.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  riches  con- 
tained in  the  adjacent  moi  ntains. 

C.iiuinl'sji.'in  U.Canada. '.-mpties  itl'elf  in- 
to the  Detroit  R.  at  the  Huron  cornfields, 
funiewhat  below  I'ightin^i;  I  "and.  About 
4  miles  up  this  river  are  excellent  mill 
feats,  to  which  loaded  boats  can  go.  There 
ii  9.  line  linieftone  quarry  in  the  rear  of 
the  cornfields,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the 
Huron  rcfervc.  Smyth. 

Cjnfls,  or  Tiiia,a.  jii.rifdieT:icm  in  Pern,  S. 
America,  fubjcdt  to  the  bidiop  of  Cufco, 
i.8  leajiues  from  that  city.  The  Cordille- 
ra divides  it  into  two  parts,  Canas,  and 
Canches  ;  the  former  abounding  in  corn 
and  fruits,  the  latter  in  cattle.  In  the 
meadows  are  fed  no  lei's  than-  ,;o,ooomulcs, 
brought  hither  from  Tucuma  to  pafture  ; 
and  a  great  fair  i.^  held  here  for  thefe  crea- 
tures. In  Canas  is  the  famous  lilver  mine 
called  CondoHoma. 

Caiiiijeraga  Creri  nms  N  weflward  into 
Geneflee  R.  at  Williaralburgli  in  N.  York 
ftate. 

Caimmfyiif,  a  V  branch  of  Tioga  R.  rif- 
cs  in  Pennfylvania. 

CanJia,  a  townfiiip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  N  of  Chefter,  and  S  of 
Deerfleld,  about  a6  miles  weftward  of 
Portfniouth. 

Candlemas  Shoals,  are  about  %  degrees  of 
lat.  due  N  of  Port  l-raflin,  difcovered, 
named,  and  palled  by  Mcndana,  in  1569. 
Caiietu,  a  city  in  Peru,  S.  America,  and 
capital  of  the  jurifdiiilion  of  its  name, 
which  produces  vafl  quantities  of  wheat, 
maiz»e,  and  fugar  canes.  It  is  fubje(!V  to  the 
archbifliop  of  Lima,  and  is  6  leagues  from 
that  city.    S  lat.  1%  14,  W  Ion.  75  38. 


7^         CAir 

Cat  J  Ftri,  a  br.inch  of  CumlK^iiand  R. 
joining  it    50  miles  eafterly  of  Nadiville; 
or  120  by  its  mcandnrs.     At  the  mouth  it 
r,  J  yards  wide. 

f  J'fld,n  poi^  town  of  Trumbull  flatc, 
Ohio,  New  Co  iiedicut,  321  miles  from 
Wafliiugton. 

C.i/ii-idirayo,  a  lake  in  Otfego  co.  N.  York, 
nearly  as  l;:ri;e  a'*  (nfego  lake,  and  6  miles 
W  i)f  it.  V  dream  called  Oaks  Creek  If- 
f'  from  ii,ai)d  falls  into  .SufquehannaR. 
about  <;  mill...  below  Otfego. 

Canuod  o  Crf<f,  a  S  W  head  water  of  Ti- 
oga R.  in  N.  York,  which  Interlocks  with 
the  head  waters  of  (Jenellee  R.  and  joins 
Coneftco  creek  26  miles  W  N  W  from  the 
Painted  Polt. 

Cj!!::arf3,  Indians  of  the  province  of 
Quito,  in  I'ern.  They  are  very  well  made, 
and  very  active  ;  they  wear  their  hair 
long,  which  they  weaye  and  bind  about 
'lu'>;  heads  in  form  of  a  crown.  Their 
clothes  are  made  of  wool  or  cotton,  and 
they  wear  fine  fafliioned  boots.  'Ilieir 
wcmien  are  handfome,  and  fond  of  the 
.Spaniards  ;they  generally  till  and  mnnur» 
the  ground,  whililt  their  hnfliands  at  home, 
card,  fpin,  and  weave  wool  and  cotton. 
Their  country  had  many  rich  gold  mines, 
now  drained  by  the  Spaniards.  The  land 
bears  good  wheat  and  barley,  and  has  fine 
vineyards.  The  magnificent  palace  of 
Tl.nmaLamba  was  ill  the  country  of  the 
Cannares. 

Caii/tawral,  Capr,  thjc  extreme  point  of 

rocks  on  the  E  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  E. 

Florida.     It  has  Mofquitos  Inlet  N  by  \V, 

and  a  large  flioal  S  by  E.    This  was  the 

boundary   of  Carolina  by  charter   from 

Charles  il.  N  lat.  28  35,  W  Ion.  81  9. 

I       Cniinayah,  a  village  on   the  N  lide  of 

I  Walliington  I.  on  the  N  W  coaftof  N  A- 

;  merica. 

I       Catwi-fs,  a  town  of  Louifiana,  on  the  N 

bank  of  Red  R.  a  branch  of  the  rvTiilifippi. 

Canoe  Rid<^e,  a  tugged  mountain  abotit 

200  miles  W  of  Philadelphia,  forming  the 

E  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 

CiiiioMi'u-ut  i)//i/w(/,  in  Newport  co.R. I/land, 
lies  about  3  miles  W  of  Newport,  the  S 
end  of  which,  (called  Beaver  Tail,  on 
which  fi:ands  the  light houfe)  extends  a- 
bout  ss  far  S  as  the  S  end  of  Rhode  I.  It 
extends  N  about  7  miles,  its  average 
breadth  being  about  one  mile  ;  the  li.  fliore 
forming  the  W  part  of  Newport  harbour, 
and  the  W  fliore  being  about  3  miles  from 
the  Narraganfct  fliore.  On  this  point  !,■; 
Jamcftown.  It  was  purchafed  of  the  In- 
dians in  1657, and  ia  1678,  was  incorpor- 

atedi 


CAN 


CAP 


I  the  N 

iililippi. 

abo\it 

ling  the 

l.Ifland, 
•t,  the  » 
"ail,  on 
tends  .\~ 
Je  I.  [t 
average 
li  fliore 
larbour, 
les  from 
point  is 
the  In- 
corpor- 
ate(i 


4ted  by  the  name  of  Janitftown.  Tl>e  foil 
iii  luxuriant,  producing  grain  and  griils  in 
abundance,  jameftown  contains  jOi  in- 
habitants. 

Caiiuiijhurg,  a  port  town  in  Wjifliington 
c(i.  Pennlyivania,  on  the  N  hdc  of  the  W 
branch  of  Chartiers  Crt-ek,  which  runs  N 
by  E  into  Ohio  R  about  5  miles  behiw 
Piltfburg.  In  its  environs  are  I'cveral  val- 
uable mills.  Here  are  about  50  hinifcs 
and  an  ncadcniy.  'I'he  trullcc^  have  ob- 
tained a  College  charter  for  this  indiui- 
tion,  as  alio  limie  pecuniary  rii!  frcm  the 
legill.iturc.  It  has  alreatly  pi  tluccti  ■  con- 
fiderable  number  of  valuable  public  ir- 
acStcrs.  The  name  of  the  coHegcis  J 
ion,  and  it  has  near  100  Ihidents. 
vicinity  01  this  place  is  a  coal  mi;  7 
miles  N  l'.  by  E  of  Wafliingtou,  and  1 J  S 
W  of  I'ittfburg. 

Cdiifv,  or  Lunccau,  an  ifland,  c:ipe,  and 
fmall  tilhiug  bank  on  the  S  J^  coalt  of  Nova 
Scotia,  about  40  leagues  E  by  N  of  Hali- 
fax ;  N  hit.  45  ao.  '1  he  illc  is  fmall,  near 
the  continent  ;  N  E  from  Cai)e  Canfo, 
which  is  the  S  caflcrnmoft  land  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Canlb  has  a  g>)od  harbour  3  leagues 
deep.  Here  ;.re  two  bays  of  fate  anchor- 
age. Near  tiiefc  on  the  eontine:it  is  a  riv- 
*r  called  Salmon  R.  on  account  of  the 
great  quantity  of  falmon  taken  anil  cured 
there.  It  is  believed  to  be  tlie  bell  Hflicry 
in  the  world  of  that  fort.  Limcflone  and 
plaifter  of  Paris  are  found  on  the  Gut  of 
Canlo.  This  gut  or  channel  is  very  nar- 
row, and  fornij  the  paflagc  from  the  At- 
lantic inti'  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  be- 
tween Cape  Breton  idand  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Canfi.  :i  townlbip  in  the  neighbourhood 
•of  the  above  named  place,  in  llalifax  co. 

Canij,  a  town  and  jurifdickion  under  the 
archbifliop  of  J^ima,  in  Peru.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  excellent  papas,  wh'cii  meet 
with  a  good  market  at  i-ima,  5  leagues 
diflant  S  S  W.  Here  ;--re  innumerable 
flocks  of  flieep,  the  pafturcs  being  very 
rich  and  cxtenfive.  S  Lit.  n  ^8,  Vv' Ion. 
75  43- 

Caiiterhitry,  a  towndiip  in  Rfxkinghani 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  lituated  on  the  eaftcrn 
bank  of  Merrimack  R.  1 4  miles  N  by  W 
of  Concord,  45  N  W  of  Exeter,  and  48 
from  Portfmouth.  It  coiiiains  1114  inhab- 
itants. 

Cinterlmry,  a  pofl  town  in  Windham  co. 
Conne(flicut,  on  the  W  ilde  of  Quiunabaug 
R.  which  leparates  it  from  Plainiield.  It 
is  7  miles  E  by  S  of  Windham,  and  about 
J  4  N  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  congregation- 
al meeting  houfes,  and  one  for  the  Bap- 


fifts,  and  a  flourllbing  academy.  The  W 
part  of  tiie  t()wn  on  (Jninnabaug  is  excel- 
lent land,  iiighly  cultivated,  the  houfes 
iiandloiuc-,thc  pei'ple  in  cafy  circuinU.-'.n- 
rcs.  Inliabiiants,  1812.  It  is  4iz  miles  N 
E  of  Walhington. 

Ca/it-Uill's  2)'iiJ,^c,  a  pofl  town,  in  New 
Caftle  CO.  Dclawaic,  141  milts  from  Wafl»- 
Ligtou. 

CLiiiion, ;.  port  town  in  Norfolk  co.  Maf~ 
fachulett-i,  incorporated  in  1797,  it  btinc 
(onnerly  the  northerly  part  of  Stoughton, 
ii>habitant.4  IIIO. 

Ciiiiy  lori,  in  the  flate  of  Tctiefl'ce,  is  a 
fl'.ort  navigable  river,  and  runs  N  W  into 
Cumbi.il.ind  R.  W  of  the  Salt  Lick,  and 
oppoiitc  Salt  Lick  Creek,  50  miles  in  a 
ftraight  line  from  Nalliville. 

dpiilitit,  a  large  tcwn  in  the  province  <»f 
Guaxaca.  'I'he  country  round  abounds 
with  fliccp, cattle,  nnd  excellent  fruit. 

Cape  St.  AiJniLs,  on  the  coaft  of  Para- 
guay, or  La  Plata,  S.  America.  S  lat  58 
JO,  W  Ion.  J 9  46. 

CiipeSuAiitoiiiofh  the  point  of  land  onthc 
fouthern  lide  of  La  Plata  R.  in  S.  America, 
which,  with  Cape  St  P<lary  on  the  north- 
ward, forms  the  mouth  of  that  river.  S 
lat.  36  ,-,  z,  W  Ion.  56  34. 

Ciz/jf  St.  Afigujline,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil, 
S.  America, lies  Ibnthward  of  Pernantbugo; 
S  lat.  10  15,  W  ion.  5S  13. 

Cipf  lilotv  me  i/mvii,  which  is  the  fouth- 
ern fide  of  the  entrance  from  the  bay  of 
Eundy  into  the  Ealinof  Min.is,  is  the  eaft- 
ernmoft  termination  of  a  rangi' of  nionu- 
tains,  extending  about  80  or  90  miles  to 
the  gut  of  Annapolis  ;  bounded  N  by  the 
fliores  of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  S  by  the 
fliores  of  Annapolis  R. 

Ciipi  6W,  anciently  called  M.iUdarrchy 
the  French,  is  the  y  caftward  point  of  the 
bay  of  Mairuchulctts  oppolite  Cape  Ann. 
N  lat.  43  4,  W  Ion.  from  i;reenwich,  70 

14.      See  BaniJiaUr  C^.  and  J'rovi/n.t-  Tortm. 

Cjpr  El-Ziibi'fh,  a  head  land  and  lownfl-i'pi 
in  Cumberland  co.  Maine.  The  cape  lies 
in  N  lat.  43  33,  i:  by  S  irom  the  centre 
of  the  town  9  ntUcs  ;  about  20  S  wenerly- 
of  Cape  Small  Point,  and  1 1  N  ]■;  fi  om  the 
month  of  Saco  R.  The  lo%vn  has  Port- 
land on  the  N  E,  and  Scarborough  S  W, 
and  contains  1355  inhabitants,  it  was  in- 
corporated  in  1765,  and  lies  126  milofi  N 
E  of  Bolton. 

C.ipc  Fear,  is  the  fouthern  pc^int  of 
Smith's  I.  which  divides  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  into  two  channels,  on  the  coaft  of 
N.  Carolina ;  S  W  of  Cape  Look  Out,  and 
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^       CAP         "        * 

the  Frying  Pan,  from  its  fonn.  A  light 
houfe  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
•  It  bears  W  N  W  from  the  point  of  the 
Cape,  4  miles  diftant.  Near  this  cape  is 
Johnfon's  Fort,  in  Brunfwick  co.  and  dif- 
tridl  of  Wilmington.  N  lat.  33  33,  W  Ion. 
78*5. 

Cape  Fear  R.  more  properly  Clarendon, 
affords  the  boft  navigation  in  N.  Carolina. 
It  opens  to  the  Atlantic  ocean  by  z  chan- 
.  n^ls.  The  S  weftern  and  largeCt  channel 
betv^een  the  S  W  end  of  Smith's  I.  at  Bald 
Head,  where  -  the  light  houfe  ftands,  and 
the  E  end  of  Oakes  I.  S  W  from  Fort 
Johnfton.  The  new  inlet  is  between  the 
,  fea  coaft  and  the  N  E  end  of  Smith's  I.  It 
will  admit  veflols  drawing  lo  or  xi  feet, 
and  is  about  3  miles  wide  at  its  entrance, 
,  having  1 8  feet  water  at  full  tides  over  the 
bar.  It  continues  its  breadth  to  the  flats, 
and  is  navigable  for  large  vcfiels  21  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  14  from  Wilmington  ; 
to  which  town  veflels  drawing  10  or  la 
feet  can  reach  without  any  ri&.  As  you 
afccnd  this  river  you  leave  Brunfwick  on 
the  left,  and  Wilmington  on  the  right.  A 
little  above  Wilmington,  the  river  divides 
into  N  E  and  N  W  branches.  The  form- 
er is  broader  than  the  latter,  but  is  neither 
fo  deep  nor  fo  long.  The  N  W  branch 
rifes  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Virginia 
line  and  is  formed  by  the  jun«5lion  of 
Haw  and  Deep  rivers.  Its  general  courfe 
is  S  eafterly.  Sea  veflels  can  go  ij  miles 
above  Wilmington,  and  large  boats  90 
miles,  to  Fayetteville.  The  N  E  branch 
joins  the  N  W  branch  a  Uttle  above  Wil- 
mington, and  is  navigable  by  fea  veflels 
ao  miles  above  that  town,  and  by  large 
boats  to  South  Wafliington,  40  miles  fur- 
ther, and  by  rafts  to  Saredbo,  which  is 
nearly  70  miles.  The  whole  length  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  is  about  aoo  miles. 

Cape  Helior,  a  cape  of  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.America,  in  lat  51  57  ao  N,  Ion.  133 
37  W.  Near  it  are  4  or  5  fmall  ifles,  call- 
ed Kerowart  Ifles. 

Cape  Hope.,  on  the  N  weftcrly  part  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  on  which  a  light  houfe 
is  to  be  ere(£lcd  by  order  of  Congrefs. 

Cape  Look  Out,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  A- 
mcrica,  lat.  45  3a  N,lon.  236  11  E. 

Cape  Orford,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, lat.  4a  38  N,  loi'  a3,v  44  E.  The 
<:omploxion  of  the  natives  in  the  vicinity 
is  a  light  olive,  their  difpofiiion  is  more 
mild,  and  their  conduit  more  honeft  than 
is  common  among  American  favages. 

Cape  May,  is  the  S  wefternmoft  point  of 
the  ftiite  of  N.  Jerfey,  and  of  tb«  county 


.  *  CAJl 

to  which  it  gives  name.  N  lat.  39,  W  loa» 
75  a.  It  lies  20  miles  N  E  from  Cape 
Henlopen,  which  forms  the  S  W  point  of 
the  mouth  of  Delaware  bay,  as  Cape  May 
does  the  N  £. 

Ci;pe  May  Co.  fpreaucls  northward  around 
the  cape  of  its  name,  is  a  healthy,  fandy 
tradt  of^country,.34  miles  long,  19  broad. 
The  county  is  divided  into  Upper,  Mid- 
dle, and  Lower  precindVs.  The  number 
of  inhabitants  is  3066,  of  whom  98  arc  in 
flavery.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  of- 
fice, 231  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Capcrivaca,  a  large  river  in  Guiana,  S. 
America.  j, 

Capiapo,  a  harbour  in  Chili,  S.America. 

Caraccasy  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  lying  on  the  fouthern  coaft  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea.  This  coaft  is  bordered  in 
its  greateft  length  by  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains, running  E  and  W,  and  divided  inta 
many  fruitful  vallies,whofe  diredlion  and 
opening  are  towards  the  N.  It  has  mari- 
time fortified  towns,  Puerto  Cubelo,  and, 
I^a  Guayra.  I'hc  Dutch  carry  thither  to 
the  Spaniards  all  forts  of  European  goods, 
efpecially  linen,  making  vaft  returns  of  fil- 
ver  and  cocoa.  [See  Robijrtfon's  Hift. 
Amer.Vol.  III.  p.  2)7)5  and  425.]  The  co- 
coa tree  grows  here  in  abundance  Thercj 
are  from  500  to  aooo  trees  in  a  walk,  or 
plantation.  Thefc  nuts  are  palTed  for 
iiipney,  and  are  ufed  as  fuch  in  the  bay  of 
Campeachy.  N  lat.  10  12,  W  Ion.  67  10. 
See  St,  John  de  Leon, 

Caramanta,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma, 
S.  America,  lying  on  the  river  Cauca^ 
bounded  N  by  the  diftridt  of  Carthagena ; 
E  by  N  w  Granada  ;  and  S  and  W  by  Po- 
payan,  m  the  audience  of  Panama.  It  is  a 
valley,  furrounded  by  high  mountains  ; 
and  there  are  waters  from  which  the  na- 
tii'es  extracSt  very  good  fait.  The  capital 
of  the  fame  name  lies  in  N  lat,  5  18,  W 
kn.  75  ij. 

Carangas,  a  province  and  jurifdidtion 
under  the  biCiop  of  Plata,  and  70  league* 
W  of  that  city,  in  Peru,  very  barren  in 
corn  and  grain,  &c.  but  abounding  in  cat- 
tle. Here  are  a  great  number  of  filver 
mines  conftantly  worked,  among  which 
that  called  Tureo,  and  by  the  miners 
Machacado,  is  very  remarkable.  The  fi- 
bres of  the  filver  forming  an  admirable  in- 
terniixture  with  the  ftone ;  fuch  mines  are 
generally  the  richeft.  There  are  other 
mafles  of  filver  in  this  province  equally  re- 
markable, being  found  in  the  barren  fand« 
deferts,  where  they  find,  by  digging  only, 
detached  lumps  of  filver,  unmixed  witl^ 

9SiJ 


CAR 


any  ore  pr  Aone.  Thefe  lumps  are  called 
papas,  becaufe  taken  out  of  the  ground  as 
that  root  is,  and  have  the  appearance  of 
melted  lilver  ;  which  proves  tliat  they  are 
thus  formed  by  fufion.  Some  ol  thefe  pa- 
pas ha'  e  weighed  from  50  to  ijo  marks, 
being  a  Paris  foQt  in  length. 

Caravaguy  a  river  in  iPcru,  S.  America, 
famed  for  its  golden  fands. 

Lardigan,  N.  Hampfliire.  See  Orange. 
Cariacoy  a  large  gulf  in  tlie  province  of 
Comana,  Terra  f  iima,  S.  America.  On 
the  nprthe.n  fide  at  its  mouth  is  Fort  St. 
YagW,  in  N  lat.  10  7,  Wlon.  63  30,  and  on 
the  fouthem  fide  Cape  Bordones. 

Cariacoufh  the  chief  of  the  fmall  ifles  de- 
{)endent  on  Grenada  I.  in  the  W.Indies  ; 
lituated  4  leagues  from  Ifle  Rhonde,which 
is  a  like  diAance  from  the  N  end  of  Gren- 
ada. U  contains  6913  acres  of  fertile  and 
well  cultivated  land,  producing  about  a 
million  lbs.  of  cotton,  bellde  corn,  yams, 
potatoes  and  plantains  for  the  negroes. 
it  has  two  fugar  plantations,  and  a  town 
called  Hilljhorougb. 

Caribeaiia,  now  called  Paria,OT  Nno  Ait' 
ialufiay  which  fee. 

Caribbee  JJIaftds,  in  the  W.  Indies,  extend 
in  a  femicircular  form  from  the  illaud  of 
Porto  Rico,  the  eanernmod  of  the  Antil- 
les, to  the  coaft  of  S.  America.    1  he  fea 
thus  inclofed,  by  the  main  land  and  the 
liles,  is  called  the  Caribbean  Sea  ;  and  its 
great  channel  leads  N  wefhvard  to  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  through  the 
Sea  of  Honduras.    The  chief  of  thefe  irt- 
ands  are  Santa  Cruz,  Sombuca,  Anguilla, 
St.  Martin,  St.  Bartholomew,  Barbuda,  Sa- 
ba, St.  Euftatia,  St.  Chriftopher,  Nevis, 
Antigua,  Montferat.Ouadaloiipe,  Defeada, 
Mariagalantc,  Dominico,  Martinico,  St. 
Vincent,  Barbadoes,  apd  Grenada.    Thefe 
are  again  clafTed  into  Windward  and  Lee- 
ward ifles  by  feamen,  with  regard  to  the 
ufual  ccurfes  of  lliips  from  Old  Spain  or 
to  the  Canaries,  to  Carthagena  or  New 
Spain  and  Porto  Bello.    The  geographi- 
cal tables  and  maps  clafs  them  into  great 
and  little  Antilles  ;  and  authors  vary  much 
concerning  this  laft  diftintSlion.     See  An- 
tilles.    The  Charaibes  or  Caribhees  Were  the 
ancient  natives  of  the   Windward  iflands, 
hence  many  geographers  confine  the  term 
to  thefe  ifles  only.     Mofl  of  thefe  were 
anciently  poflefled  by  a  nation  of  canni- 
bals, the  terror  of  the  mild  and  inoflfenfive 
inhabitants  of  Hifpaniola  ;  who  frequent- 
ly expreflcd  to  Columbus  their  dread  of 
thefe  fierce  invWers.    I'hjis  when  thefe 
itiaudi  were  afterwards  dilcovered  by  that 


;       CAR.        '" 

* 

great  man,  they  were  denominated  Cliar- 
ibbean  Ifles.  The  iufular  Charaibes  are 
fuppofed  to  be  immediately  defceudcd 
from  the  GaUbis  Indians,  or  Charaibes  of 
S.  America. 

Caribmi,  an  ifland  towards  the  E  end  of . 
Lake  Superior. 

Curijioiis,  a  nation  of  S.  America,  inhab- 
iting a  country  to  the  N  of  the  river  ."Vnv 
azon  ;  wiio  are  at  perpetual  war  with  tl;c 
Carribbees. 

CailcUii  IJland,  Upper  Canada,  lies  near 
to  Grand  lllaud,  oppoftte  to  Kingihm,  and 
neareft  the  S  lliorc,  where  Lake  Oulaiiu 
defcends  into  the  St.  Lawrence  :  Kings- 
ton garrifon  furnifhes  a  detachment  ta 
this  place.  Sn^^th. 

Cariife,  a  town  of  Middlefex  co.  Maira- 
chufetts,  containing  634  people,  %o  miles 
from  Bodon. 

Carlijie,  a  pod  and  chief  town  of  Cum- 
berland CO.  Pennlylvania,on  the  poA  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Pittfburg  ;  is  125 
miles  W  by  N  from  the  former,  and  1 78  JJ 
from  the  latter,  and  18  S  W  from  Harrif- 
burgh.  Its  fituation  is  plcafant  and  heal- 
thy, on  a  plain  near  the  Ibuthern  bank  of 
Conedogwinet  creek,  a  water  of  the  Sul^ 
quehanna.  'I'hc  town  contains  above  400 
houfes,  chiefly  of  Hone  and  brick,  and 
203  z  inhabitants.  Tiie  flrects  interfc«!t 
each  other  at  right  angles,  and  tiie  pubiii; 
buildings  are  a  college,  court  hpule  and 
gaol,  and  4  edifices  for  public  woiiliip. 
Of  thel'e  the  Prefbyterians,  Germans,  .L- 
pifcopalians,  and  Roman  Catholics,  have 
each  one.  Dickinfon  College,  named  af- 
ter the  celebrated  John  Dickinfon,  Elq. 
author  of  feveral  valuable  tradis,  has  a 
principal,  3  profeflbrs.a  philofoplacalap<- 
paratus,  and  a  library  containing  near 
3000  volumes.  Its  revenue  arifcs  from 
;C4000  in  funded  certificates,  and  io,oco 
acres  of  land.  In  1787  there  were  89 
(Indents,  and  its  reputation  is  increafiiig. 
This  town  has  had  a  rapid  growth. 

Carlijh;  a  bay  on  the  W  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Barbadoes,  in  the  W.  Indies,  be- 
tween James  and  Charles  Forts,  oi  wiiich 
ftands  Bridgetown,  the  capital  of  the  ill- 
and,in  N  lat.  13  9,  W  Ion.  60  3. 

Carlos,  a  fort  on  the  N  coafi  cf  Terra 
Firma,  on  an  ifland  .which  commands  the 
channel  between  the  gulf  of  Vj-uiczuela, 
and  that  of  Maracaybo,  al)out  ao  miles  N 
from  the  town  of  Maracaybo. 
Carlos,  or  yuan  Ponce.  See  Calos. 
Carlos  a  town  of  Veragua,  in  N.  Spain, 
45  mile?.  S  W  of  Santa  Fe.  It  ftands  on  a 
large  bay,  N  Jat.  7  40,  W  ion.  8a  10. 

CurUfii, 


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CAR       '    ,  ■   ' 

flarUfa,  a  town  in  the  interior  of  Brazil, 
iin  the  15th  degree  of  S  lat.  on  the  S  E  fide 
of  St.  Francis  R.  and  N  by  W  from  Villa 
Nova. 

Ciirmel,  a  townfliip  in  Dutchcfs  co,  N. 
York,  11  miles  N  E  of  Peeklkill,  having 
1979  inhabitants. 

Carmflo,  A  riv^  on  the  coaft  of  New  Al- 
bion, S  cadwiird  of  Fraucifco  Bay,  N  lat. 
36  SS'  A  little  northward  from  it  is  Sir 
Francis  Drake's  harbour,  where  tliat  uavi> 
jator  fpent  5  weeks. 

Carnero,  a  cape  in  the  S.  Sea,  near  Santa 
Maria,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru.  Jtat.  i  3  j  S, 
Ion.  77  iO  W. 

Carnefville,  the  chief  town  of  Franklio 
CO.  Georgia,  100  miles  N  W  of  Augafta. 
It  contains  a  court  houfe,  and  gaoL  An 
academy  is  eftablifhed  here. 

Carolina,  Sec  North  Carolina  and  South 
Carolina, 

Caroline  Co.  iQ  Virginia,  is  on  the  S  fide 
of  Rappahannock  R.  which  feparates  it 
from  King  George's  cp.  It  is  about  40 
miles  fquare,  and  contains  6857  free  in* 
habitants,  and  10,581  flaves. 

Caroline  Co,  on  the  eaftern  fliore  in  Ma- 
Xyland,  borders  onDelaware  ftate  to  the  E, 
anjl  contains  9226  inhabitants,  including 
3865  flaves.  It  is  34^  miles  long,  16  broad< 
It  is  well  watered  by  Choptank  R.  Tucka- 
lior  and  Marfliy  Hope  Creeks.  Its  chief 
town  Denton. 

Carora,  a  town  of  Terra  Finna.N.Amer- 
5ca,  abont  1 10  miles  N  E  from  Gibraltar 
on  Maracaybo  Lake. 

Ccirouge,  Point,  the  northernmoft  extrem- 
ity of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W. 
Indies  ;  25  miles  N  from  the  town  of  St. 
Jago. 

Carr,  a  plantation  in "  incoln  co.Maine. 

Carrantafca  Lagoon,  \%  a  large  gulf  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  bay  of  Honduras,  about  70 
miles  N  W  of  Cape  Gracios  a  Dios,  and 
nearly  as  far  S  E  frwn  Brewers  Lagoon. 

Carter,  a  CO.  in  the  flate  of  Tencflfce, 
formed  of  a  part  of  the  co.  of  Wafliington. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N  by  Sullivan  co.  E 
hy  N.  Carolina,  S  and  W  by  Walliington 
CO.  It  is  watered  by  the  Watuga  and  its 
branches,  and  contains  4813  people,  of 
■whom  ao8  arc  flaves. 

Carteret  Cape.     See  Roman, 

Carteret,  a  maritime  co.  of  Ncwbern  dif- 
tri(Sl,  N.  Carolina,  on  Core  and  Pamlico 
Sounds.  It  contains  .^982  inliabitants, in- 
cluding 796  flaves.  IJeaufort  is  the  chief 
town. 

Carter's  Falley,  a  pleafant  and  fertile  val- 
ley on  the  waters  of  Holfton  R.  feveral 


'     i 


CAR 


miles  wide,  and  about  40  miles  long,  run- 
ning from  the  edge  of  Virginia.in  a  S  weft- 
erly  direifUon  lb  as  to  include  Rogcrfville, 
in  reneflTec.  Ucroflesthe  NforkofHol- 
fton  and  feveral  creeks. 

Cirt.rfvill,;  a  poll  town  in  Powhatan  co. 
Virginia,  on  the  S  fide  of  James  K.  40 
.miles  above  Richmond. 

Carthage,  See  Maure  Court  Houfe. 
Carthagena,  a  bay,  harbour,  and  town, 
and  the  chief  fea  port  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  I  he  city  of  Carthagena  i(^  large, 
rich,  and  ftrongly  fortified,  and  thiltchief 
of  the  province  of  the  fame  name,  with  a 
bilhop's  fee,  and  one  of  the  bed  harbour* 
in  Ameiica.  The  entrance  into  this  is  fo 
narrow  that  only  one  fliip  can  enter  at  a 
time  ;  and  it  is  defended  by  3  forts.  AU 
the  revenue^  of  the  king  of  Spain  from 
>I. Grenada  and  Terra  Firma,  are  brouglit 
to  this  place.  Sir  Francis  Drake  took  this 
city,  and  carried  ofTimmenfe  plunder  in 
ij2s-  The  French  plundered  it  in  1697; 
but  Adm. Vernon, in  1741,  though  he  had 
taken  the  cullies,  was  obliged  to  abandon 
the  ficge.for  want  of  fltill  in  the  command- 
ers of  the  land  forces,  and  the  fickneft 
that  was  among  them,  not  tio  mention  the 
difierence  between  the  admiral  and  the 
general.  The  ftreets  of  the  town  are 
ftraight,  broad  and  well  paved.  The  houf- 
es  are  built  of  ftone  or  brick,  and  are  one 
ttory  high,  and  contains  25,000  fouls. 
Here  is  alfo  a  court  uf  inqnifitiou.  N  lat^ 
JO  27,  W  Ion.  75  22. 

Carthago,  formerly  a  confiderabje  town 
of  New  Spain  in  N  America,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Cofta  Rica,  with  a  bifliop's  fee,  and 
the  feat  of  a  Spanilh  governor  ;  at  pref- 
ent  mean  and  inconfiderable ;  and  is  360 
miles  W  of  Panama.  N  lat.  9  5,  W  Ion.  83. 

Carvel  of  St.  Thomaj,  a  ro  'k  between  the 
Virgin  ifles  E  and  Porto  Rico  on  the  W. 
At  a  fmall  diftuncc  it  appears  like  a  fail, 
as  It  i»whitc  and  has  two  points.  Between 
it,  and  'St.  Thomas,  paHes  Sir  Francis 
Drake's  channel. 

Carver,  a  townfhip  in  Plymouth  co. 
Maflachufctts.  Here  is  a  pond  with  fuch 
plenty  of  iron  ore,  that  500  tons  have 
been  dragged  out  of  the  clear  water  in  a 
year.  They  have  a  furnace  upon  a  ftream 
which  runs  from  the  pond ;  arid  the  iron 
made  of  this  ore  is  better  than  that  made 
out  of  bog  ore,  and  fome  is  almoft  as  good 
as  refined  iron.  It  is  50  miles  S  E  from 
Bofton,  and  contains  863  fouls. 

Carvers  River,  a  branch  of  St.  Peter's  R. 
which  empties  into  the  MiUlfippi.  See 
Si,  Fierre,  or  Piter's  River. 

CafucoreSi 


;:;:-r^ 


V 


CAS" 

-  "^ 

Cifuiorft,  a  lake  in  Paraguay  or  La 
Plata  in  S.  America,  about  loo  miles 
lung. 

Cj/co  JJjy,  in  Maine,  fpreads  N  W  be- 
tween Cape  Elizabeth  on  the  S  W,  and 
Cape  Small  Point  on  the  N  E.  Wltiiin 
thefe  points,  which  are  about  40  miles 
apart,  are  about  3C0  fmall  iflands,  fomc 
of  which  are  ichalu'tcd,  and  nearly  all 
more  or  IcHt  cultivated.  The  land  on 
thefe  iflands,  and  on  the  oppofite  coaft 
on  the  main,  is  the  bed  for  agriculture 
of  any  on  the  fea  coaft  of  this  country. 
Cafco  includes  feveral  bays.  MaquoitBay 
lies  about  ao  mi'Its  N  of  Cape  Elizabeth. 
The  waters  of  Cafco  extend  feveral  arms 
or  creeks  of  fait  water  into  the  country. 
The  waters  go  up  Mfadows  ^.  Avhere  vef- 
fels  of  a  conflderable  iize  are  catried  by 
the  tide,  and  wliere  it  ilows  within  i  mile 
of  the  waters  of  Kcnnebcck.  On  the  £ 
fide  of  Cape  Elizabeth  is  the  arm  of  the 
fea  called  Stroudivaitr.  Farther  E  is  Prt- 
fupipfcot  R.  form  :.-.ly  called  Prefumpfecag, 
which  rifes  in  Scbago  Pond.  This  river 
open<«  to  the  waters  of  Cafco  Bay  on  the 
E  of  Portland  ;  its  extent  is  not  great, 
but  it  has  feveral  valuable  mills  upon  it. 
Jltyttl's  R.  called  by  the  natives  Weftecuf- 
tego,  falls  into  the  bay  6  miles  from  Pre- 
fumpfoot  R.  It  has  a  good  harbour  at 
its  month  for  fmall  vefTc-ls ;  and  has  fev- 
eral mills  upon  it  ;  2  miles  higher  a  fall 
obilrudls  the  navigation.  Between  it  and 
Kennebcck  there  arc  no  rivers  ;  fome 
creeks  and  harbours  of  Cafco  Bay  pro- 
jed):  into  the  main  land,  affording  har- 
bours for  fmall  vcflels,  and  interfecSting 
the  country  in  various  forms. 

Ciifquipibiac,  a  river  un  the  N  fide  of 
Chaleur  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a 
fmall  cod  and  falmon  filliery. 

Cafpean,  Of  Beautiful,  a  fmall  lake  in 
GrcenKborough,  Vermont.  It  has  Hazen 
block  houfe  on  its  weftcrn  fide.  It  is  a 
head  water  of  I.a  Moilte  river. 

CiiJJttah,  or  CuJJitahy  an  Indian  town,  in 
the  weftcm  part  of  Georgia,  which,  as 
well  as  the  Coweta  town,  is  60  miles  be- 
low the  Horfe  Ford,  on  Chattahoufee 
river,  and  \%  above  the  Broken  Arrow. 

Cijlile  del  Orn.     Sec  Ti^rra  Firma. 

Cajiim,  a  poll  and  fliire  town  of  Han- 
cock co.  Maine,  is  (ituated  on  Penobfcot 
bay.  It  was  taken  from  the  town  of  Pe- 
nobfcot, and  incorporated  in  Feb.  1796. 
It  is  named  after  a  French  gentleman  who 
refided  here  140  years  ago.  It  is  a  flour- 
ilhing  place,  and  has  665  inhabitants. 

Canine  River,  it  about  1 4  milcs  long,  is 


CAT 


aavigablc  for  6  miles,  and  has  feveral 
mills  at  the  head  of  it.  It  empties  into 
Penobfcot  bay. 

Cijlletoivity  a  townfliip  in  Richmond  coi. 
Statcu  I.  N.  York,  which  contains  1035 
inhabitants,  including  100  llaves. 

Cajlleton,  a  townfliip  and  river  in  Rut- 
land CO.  Vermont,  20  miles  S  E  of  Mt.  In- 
dept  ndence  at  Ticonderoga.  Lake  Bom- 
bazoa  is  chiefly  in  this  town,  and  fends 
it,«  waters  into  Caftleton  R.  which,  rifihg 
in  Pittsford,  paflcs  through  this  town  in  a 
S  wefterly  courfe,  and  falls  into  Pultncy 
R.  i^  the  town  of  Fairhaveit,  a  little  be- 
low Col.  Lyon's  iron  works.  Fbrt  War- 
nes  ftands  in  this  town.  Inhabitants- 
1038. 

Cajfort  R  in  Newfoundland, I.  empties 
in  the  harbour  of  St.  John's.  Its  fize  ia 
conflderable  for  15  miles  from  the  fea. 

CaJIro,  a  ftrong  town  in  S.  America,  in 
Chib,  and  capital  of  the  ifland  of  Chiloe. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  1643^  and 
is  i8'o  miles  S  of  Baldivia;  fubjec^  to 
Spain. 

Ciijlrn  Plrreyna,  Or  Viregna.,  a  tOWn  and 
jurifditflion,  in  S.  America,  in  Peru,  fub- 
jedb  to  the  archbifliop  of  Lima,  remark- 
able for  it  valuable  wool,  grain,  fruits, 
iilver  mines,  tobacco,  and  wholefomc  air. 
The  town  is  I2j  miles  S  E  of  Lima.  S 
lat.  i«  50,  W  Ion.  74  45. 

Cafivell  Co.  in  Hillfborough  dillrl«a,  N. 
Carolina,  borders  on  Virginia  N.  It  con- 
tains 8701  inhabitants,  of  whom  2788  are 
flaves.  Lecftjurg  is  the  chief  town.  At 
the  court  houfc  is  a  pod  office,  326  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Cat  IJlandiOT  Guennfjiti/i!,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hama Iflands.  It  was  the  firll  land  dif- 
covtred  by  Columbus,  to  which  he  gave 
the  name  of  St.  Salvadore,  Odl.  11, 1492. 
It  lies  on  a  particular  bank  to  the  £  of 
the  Great  Bahama  Bank,  from  which  it 
is  parted  by  a  narrow  channel,  called 
Exuma  Sound.     N  lat.  24  30,  W   loik 

74  30- 

Calabaw  Rhrr.     See  Wateree^ 

Catabatu  Indians,  a  fmall  tribe  who  have- 
one  town  called  Catabaw,  fituatcd  on  the 
river  of  that  name,  N  lat.  34  49,  on  the> 
boundary  line  between  N.  and  S.  Carohna, 
and  contains  about  450  inhabitants,  of 
which  about  150  are  fighting  men.  They 
are  the  only  tribe  which  relides  in  the 
flate :  144,00x5  acres  of  land  were  granted 
them  by  the  proprietary  governmenf, 
Thefe  are  the  remains  of  a  formidable  na- 
tion, the  bravcft  and  moft  generous  enemy 
the  Cx  nations  bad  ;  but  they  have  de- 
generated 


CAV         * 

l^ncrated  (incc  they  have  been  ftrround- 
cd  by  the  whites. 

Catitliatu  Sjiriiigs,  I^incohi  co.  N.  Caroli- 
■a.  Here  ii>  a  puft  ofllce,  4^s  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Catarafua,  or  Cateraqiii,  appear  in  old 
maps,  thus  varied,  aa  tlie  name  of  Ldke 
Ontario,  and  its  outlet  Iroquois  R.  but 
thefc  names  are  now  oblblele. 

Catatujfy,  a  port  town  in  Northumber- 
liind  CO.  Pennfytvania,  on  tlic  S  E  bank  of 
the  £  branch  of  Sufquchanna  R.  oppofite 
the  anouth  pf  Fifliing  Creek,  and  about 
40  miles  N  £  of  Sunbury.  '' 

Catbame,  a  fniall  river  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  which  riles  in  Toplham,  sind  enip- 
ties  into  Mcrrry  Meeting  Bay,  and  has 
fevcral  mills  upon  it. 

Caiberine  IJle,  St.  is  on  the  coafl  of  Bra- 
inl,  two  leagues  in  breadth  from  E  to  W, 
and  more  than  ie>  leagues  long  from  N  to 
S.  The  narrowed  part  of  the  channel, 
which  feparates  it  from  the  malii,  is  not 
more  than  aod  toifes  wide.  On  this  point, 
cxtendingintothe  channel,is  the  city  Nortra 
Senora  del  Dertero,  containing  400  houfes, 
and  .'^oco  inhabitants.  It  is  the  rcfideucc 
•f  the  Governor,  and  capit.-d  of  the  111- 
and.  The  fettlements  are  near  the  fhore. 
A  great  paijt  of  the  iflaud  is  covered  by 
impervious  forefts  of  lofty  evergreens, 
where  fuakes  of  mortal  poifon  lurk.  Veg- 
etables, fruits  and  corn  fpontaneoufly  rife 
from  this  fertile  foil.  Plants,  orange  trees, 
and  fhrubs  of  delightful  fragrance  cover 
the  plantations.  Whales  abound  in  the 
fiitrounding  waters.  Lat.  27  10  S,  Ion.  .49 
49  W.  Alfp  a  pleafant  ifland  in  the  har- 
bour of  Sunbury,  Georgia.  Alfo,  a  fmall, 
produdive  ifland  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  St. 
Domingo,  ao  leagues  eartward  of  the  town 
of  St.  Domingo. 

Catherines  Town,  in  Tioga  CO.  N.  York, 
ai  the  S  end  of  Seneca  lake.  Here  is  a 
poll  office,  390  miles  from  Wafliington. 
tt  has  %i6  inhabitants. 

Qatjhilt,  a  port  town,  Green  co.  N.  York, 
383  milesfrom  Wafliington. 

Catahuni,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  ifles,  in 
the  (late  of  Maflachufetts.  See  Jiuz- 
%ar(ti  Buy. 

Catheraugus  Creek,  a  confiderable  flrcam 
which  riins  into  I^ake  Erie.  Six  miles  from 
its  mouth  is  a  village  of  Seneca  Indians. 

Cauca,  a  river  In  the  iflhmus  of  Darieu, 
whofe  fource  is  in  common  with  that  of 
La  Magdalena,  in  the  lake  Papos,  near 
the  8th  deg.  of  S  lat  and  which  falls  into 
this  laft  river. 

CavalUt  3  fea  port  town  ia  the  prov- 


CAY 

ince  of  Venezuela  or  iflhmus  of  I)arieil, 
25  miles  N  £  of  St.  Jago  de  Leon.  It  is 
well  fortified,  and  in  a  former  war  was 
unfuccefsfully  attacked  by  Commodore 
ICnowles.    Lat.  10  15,  Ion.  68  1 1. 

Cavuilloii,  a  town  on  the  8  fide  of  the 
S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
about  three  leagues  N  E  of  Les  Cayes,  and 
5  W  by  S  of  St.  Louis.    W  lat.  1816. 

Ca-vendijt,  a  port  town  in  \\indfor  co. 
Vermont,  W  of  Weathersfield.on  Blackri  v- 
er,having  1016  inhabitants.  Upon  thisriv- 
er,  and  within  this  townfliip,  the  chan- 
nel has  been  wOrn  down  100  feet,  and 
rocks  of  very  large  dimenlions  have  been 
undermined  and  thrown  down  one  upon 
another.  Holes  are  wrought  in  the  rocks 
of  various  dimenlions,  and  forms ;  fome 
cylindrical,  from  i  to  8  feet  in  diameter, 
and  from  i  to  15  feet  in  depth  ;  others  are 
of  a  fpherical  form,  from  6  to  ao  feet  di- 
ameter, worn  almofi  perfedUy  fmooth,  in- 
to the  folid  body  of  a  rock. 

Cavogliiro,  a  Day  on  the  S  fide  of  the  if- 
land of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Romaine,  a4  leagues  £  of  St.  Domin- 
go. 

Caxamarqua,  a  jurifdi<£tion  in  Peru,  S. 
America,  under  the  bifhop  of  Truxillo, 
lying  between  the  two  Cordilleras  of  the 
Andes ;  it  produces  plenty  of  all  kinds  of 
grain,  fruits  and  vegetables  ;  alfo  cattle, 
and  efpecially  hogs.  They  have  here  a 
confiderable  trade  with  Chincay,  liiiha, 
Truxillo,  &c.  Here  the  Indians  weave 
cotton  for  fliips'  fails,  bed  curtains,  quilts, 
hammocks,  &c.  There  are  fome  filver 
mines,  but  j)f  little  confequence.  Th^ 
town  of  the  fame  name  is  fittlated  N  £ 
from  the  city   ofTruxillo. 

Caxamarquila,  a  fmall  jurifdidUon  like- 
wife  in  Peru,  under  the  bifhop  of  Trux- 
illo. 

Cayabaga,  or  Cayuga,  fometimes  called 
the  Great  river,in  Ohio  State, Trumbull cb. 
empties  in  at  the  S  bank  of  Lake  Erie,  40 
miles  eaftward  of  the  mouth  of  Huron ; 
having  an  Indian  town  of  the  lamp  name 
on  its  banks.  It  is  navigable  for  boats ; 
I  and  its  mouth  is  wide,  and  deep  enough  to 
receive  large  floops  from  the  lake.  Ne?.r 
this  are  the  celebrated  rocks  which  projeift 
over  the  lake.  They  are  feveral  miles  in 
length,  and  rife  40  or  50  feet  perpendicu- 
lar out  of  the  water.  Some  parts  of  them 
confirt  of  feveral  ftrata  of  different  col- 
ours, lying  in  a  horizontal  dirc<Sl:ion  ;  and 
fo  exaiSlly  parallel,  that  they  refemblc  the 
work  of  art.  The  view  from  the  land  is 
grand,  but  the  water  prcfcnts  the  mort 

magnificen 


CAY 


CAY 


Mngniiicent  profpcA  of  this  fublime  work 
of  nature;  k.  is  attended,  however,  with 
great  danger;  for  if  the  lead  (torm  arifet, 
the  force  of  the  furf  is  fuch  that  no  ver 
fcl  can  efcapc  being  dadied  to  pieces 
n'^.-itnft  the  rocks.  Cul.  BroadOiead  fuf- 
fcred  ihipwreck  herein  the  late  war,  and 
lod  a  number  of  his  men,  when  a  ftrong 
wind  arofe,  fo  tbnt  the  lad  canoe  narrow- 
ly efcaped.  The  heathen  Indians,  when 
rncy  pals  this  impending  danger,  offer  a 
facrifice  of  tobacco  to  the  water.  Part  of 
the  boundary  line  between  the  U.  S  A.and 
the  Indians,  begins  at  the  mouth  of  Caya- 
hoga,  and  runs  up  the  fame  to  the  portage 
between  that  and  the  Tufcarawa  branch 
of  the  Mu&ingum.  The  Cayuga  nation, 
conriding  of  500  Indians,  40  of  whom  rc- 
fide  in  the  United  States,  the  red  in  Can- 
ada, receive  of  the  ftate  of  N.  York  an 
annuity  of  i.-^oo  dollars,  befide  50  dollars 
granted  to  one  of  thpir  chiefs,  as  a  con- 
fideration  for  lands  fold  by  them  to  the 
ftate,  and  500  dols.  from  the  United  States, 
agreeably  to  the  treaty  of  1794.  Sec  Six 
Nationi. 

Cayenne,  a  province  in  S.  America,  be- 
longing to  the  French,  and  the  only  part 
of  the  continent  which  they  poffefs  ; 
bounded  N  and  £  by  the  Atlantic  ocean ; 
S  by  Amazonia  ;  and  W  by  Gu'aaa,  or 
Sunnam.  It  extends  440  miles  alorg  the 
coaft  of  Guiana,  and  nearly  300  miles 
within  land  ;  lying  between  the  equator 
and  the  ith  degree  of  N  lat.  The  coaft 
is  low  and  marfhy,  and  fubjetSb  to  inunda- 
tions, from  the  multitude  of  rivers  which 
rufli  down  the  mountains  with  great  im- 
petuoilty.  The  foil  is  in  many  places  fer- 
tile, producing  fugar,  tobacco,  Indian  corn, 
fruits,  &c.  The  French  have  taken  pof- 
fellion  of  an  ifland  upon  the  coafl  called 
alfo  Cayenne,  which,  as  likewife  the  whole 
country,  takes  its  name  from  the  river 
that  is  northward  of  it. 

Cayenne  R  nfes  in  the  mountains  near 
the  lake  of  Paime,  runs  through  the  coun- 
try of  the  Galibis,  a  nation  of  Charibbee 
Indians, and  is  100  leagues  long;  the  ifl- 
and which  it  environs,  is  18  leagues  in 
drcuit,  is  good  and  fertile,  but  unhealthy. 
In  1 75  2,  the  exports  of  the  colony  were 
260,541  Ibb.  of  arnotto,  80,363  lbs.  fugar, 
17,919  lbs.  cotton;  26,881  lbs.  cofree,9i,9i6 
lbs.  cocoa,  befide  timber  and  planks.  The 
French  firft  fettled  here  in  1625,  and  built 
the  fort  of  Ceperuu,  but  were  often  forc- 
ed to  quit  it,  yet  returned  thither  again, 
as  in  1640, 1652,  and  1654,  and  were  forc- 
ed to  leave  it  for  want  of  reinfozcements. 
Vot.  L  L 


fhe  Dutch  fettled  here  in  i6j6,  but  wer« 
driven  out  by  M.  de  la  Barre.  TheDutch 
had  their  revenge  in  1676,  and  drove  out 
the  French  ;  but  were  themfelves  beat 
out,  the  year  after,  by  D'Eftrees. 

Cayei,  Let,  a  feaport  town  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  S  peninfula  of  the  ill  of  St.Dumingo, 
13  leagues  W  by  S  of  St.  Louis.  Nlat.  18 12. 

Caytoma,  a  jurifdidlion  under  the  biinop 
Of  Arcquipa,  32  leagues  E  of  that  city,  in 
S.America,  in  Peru,  famous  for  the  filver 
mines  in  the  mountains  of  the  fame  name ; 
which  are  very  rich,  though  they  have 
been  worked  for  a  long  time.  The  coun- 
try round  it  is  cold  and  barren.  There  is 
an  office  here  for  receiving  the  king's 
fifths,  and  vending  quickfilvcr. 

Caymans,  3  Imall  iflands,  $5  leagues  N 
N  W  of  t'.ie  ifland  of  Jamaica,  W.  L  the 
moft  foutherly  of  which  Is  called  the  Great 
Caymans,  which  is  inhabited  by  160  peo> 
pie,  who  are  defcendants  of  the  old  buc- 
caniers-  It  has  no  harbour  for  fliips  of 
burden,  only  a  tolerable  anchoring  place 
on  the  S  W.  The  climate  and  foil  are 
fingularly  falubrious,  and  the  people  are 
vigorous  and  commonly  live  to  a  great 
age.  They  raife  all  kinds  of  produce  for 
their  own  ufe  and  to  fpare.  Their  chief 
employment  is  to  pilot  veffels  to  the  adja- 
cent illands,  and  to  fifh  for  turtle  ;  vnth 
which  laft  they  fupply  Port  Royal  and 
other  places  in  great  quantities.  Great 
Caymans  lies  in  N  lat.  15  48,  W  Ion.  80  50. 

Caymite,  Grande,  an  ifland  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 2  leagues  long  and  i  broad. 

Cayuga,  a  co  of  N.  York,  containing 
21,636  inhabitants.  It  is  watered  by  Ca- 
yuga Lake,  and  the  brandies  of  Ofwego 
R.  The  lands  are  fertile.  I'he  principal 
town  of  the  fame  name,  has  a  poft  office 
439  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Cayuga^  a  beautiful  lake  in  Cayufa  co. 
N.  York,  from  iS  to  40  m:ie8  long, ;  bout 
a  miles  v  ide,in  fome  places  3,  and  abc  unds 
with  falmon,  bafs,  catfifli,  et  Is,  &c.  It  lies 
between  Seneca  and  Owafco  lake,  and  at 
the  N  end  empties  into  Scayace  R  whicb 
is  the  8  eafiern  part  of  Seneca  R.  w  hofe 
waters  run  to  lake  Ontario.  A  bridge  is 
ere<Sted  over  this  lake  on  the  turnpike 
road  from  Albany  to  Niagara.  It  is  laid  on 
zio  treftles,  each  confifis  of  3  ports,  con- 
nedted  by  4  girts  and  4  braces.  The  ports 
are  funk  to  hard  gravel  which  is  generally 
about  30  feet  from  the  furface  of  the  wa- 
ter. They  are  25  feet  apart.  Its  length 
is  one  mile,  the  expenfe  was  20,000  dollars. 
The  refervation  lands  of  the  Cayuga  In- 


\. 


■■^f 


uians 


m 
m 


>.-.■ 


«)iau>  lie  on  both  fides  of  the  lake,  4t  its 
nnrthern  end. 

C/tzi>rej,  a  toivn  of  Mexico.     See  Annreh, 

Caz(H',via,  .1  thriving  port  town  in  Che- 
nan^io  en.  N.  York,  40inile!t  weflward  of 
Whiteltiiwii.     It  hatt  .^080  inhabitants. 

Ctdl,  I  tdwulliip  in  Wiilliiiigfun  ca 
I'cnnfyKania. 

Cecil,  a  Co.  of  Maryland,  on  the  eaftern 
fhorc  of  the  Chefapcak,  containing  9018 
iuhabitantt,  210.^  ofthefeare  (laves 

CeJjrL.iii'  in  U.Canada, through  which 
piifca  the  Salkatchawine,  which  runs  into 
VVinipeg  lake.  It  is  from  4  to  it  miles 
wide,  cxclii five  of  it4  bays.  Its  hanks  are 
coecrod  with  wood,  which  abound  in 
game  ;  its  waters  are  Anred'with  (idi. 

Cfr/jr  /*«(■/;/,  a  port  of  entry  ia  Charles 
CO.  Miryland,  oh  the  £  fide  of  Patowmic 
R.  about  II  miles  below  Port  Tol»acc<>, 
aud  96  S  by  W  of  Baltimore.  Its  exports 
are  cliielly  tobacco  and  Indian  corn,  and 
in  1 794,  amounted  in  value  to  18,593  dol- 
lars. 

Ceiftr  Pni'if,  a  c.^^iB  on  the  W  fide  of 
Delaware  Bay  in  St.  Mary's  co.  Maryland. 

Cedar  Lirt,  a  fait  fpring  in  Teneflle,  19 
miles  from  Nalhville. 

Ce;itre,ii  co.  of  Pennfylvaniatbrnindcd  N 
by  Lycoming,  and  E  by  Northumberland, 
containing  93,8x4  acres.  Chief  town, 
Uellefont. 

Ceiiiri-ville,  the  chief  town  of  Queen 
Anne's  co.  and  on  the  £  fide  of  Chefapcak 
bay  in  Maryland.  It  is  a  pod  town,  and 
lies  between  the  forks  of  Corfica  creek, 
which  runs  inta  Chefter  R.  18  miles  S  of 
Cheftcr  ;  34  S  E  by  E  of  Baltimore,  and 
95  S  \V  by  S  of  Pliiladelphia.     N  lat.  39  6. 

Cmtrevillf,  a  port  towo-of  Fairfax  co.  Vir- 
ginia. %6  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Ceffares,  a  territory  northward  of  Pata- 
gonia in  S.  America,  in  the  48th  degree  of 
S-kit.  inhabited  by  a  mixt  tribe  of  that 
name,  defcended  from  the  Spaniards  x  be- 
ing the  defcendants  of  3  fliips  that  were 
Wrecked  on  this  coafl:  in  1540. 

Chab-tquiMck  Ijle,  belongs  to  Duke's  ca 
MafFacbufetts.  It  lies  near  to,  and  ex- 
tends acrofs  the  £  end  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard ifland. 

Cbacnpoyas,  a  jurifdidtion  under  the  bifli- 
op  of  Truxillo,  in  Peru,  S.  America.  The 
Indians  make  a  great  variety  of  cottons 
and  tapedry  here,  which  for  the  livelinefs 
of  the  colours  and  neatnefs  of  the  work 
deferve  attention.  They  alfb  make  cotton 
I'ail  cloth     It  lies  within  the  Cordilleras. 

Cbaiiiitvs,  or  flat  heads,  are  a  ])nwerful, 
hiirdy,  I'uUtUe  aad  intrepid  race  of  Indians, 


C  H  A 

who  inhabit  a  very  fine  and  ettenfiTW 
trailb  of  hilly  country,  with  large  and  fer^* 
tile  plains  intervening  between  the  Ala- 
bama and  Millifippi  rivers,  and  in  the 
weftern  part  of  the  lUte  of  Georgia*  Thi« 
nation  had,  not  many  years  ago,  43  toivn» 
and  vilLtges,in  3  divilions.containing  6000 
fouls,  'i'hcy  are  called  by  the  trader* 
riathcads,  all  the  males  taving  the  fore 
and  hind  part  of  th«ir  Ikulls  artiHciallj 
flattened  when  young.  Thcfe  mcn.unlike 
the  Miifeogulgt's,  are  flovenly  and  negli- 
gent in  every  part  of  th«ir  drefi,  but 
otherwif«  ore  f:tid  to  be  ingenious,  fenfij- 
ble,  and  virtuous  men,  bold  and  intrepid, 
yet  quiet  and  peaceable.  Some  lute  trav- 
ellers, however,  liave  obferved  that  their 
pav  little  attention  to  the  mod  neceflar'y 
I  uies  of  moral  condud,  at  lead  that  un- 
lutural  crimes  were  too  frequent  among 
them.  Dififercnt  from  mod  of  the  Indian 
nations  bordering  on  the  U.  States,  they 
have  large  plantations  or  country  farms, 
wliere  they  employ  much  of  their  time  in 
agricultural  improvements,  after  the  man- 
ner of  the  white  people.  Although  their 
territories  are  not  -^th  fo  large  as  thufe  of 
the  Mufcogulge  confedt:r.icy,  the  number 
of  inhabitakMs  is  greater.  'I'lie  ChaAaw* 
and  Creeks  arc  inveterate  enemLes  to  eaclv 
other.  If  any  of  their  people  are  kitlud, 
they  feek  fatisfatStiun  by  killing  one  of  the 
nation  to  which  the  murderer  belonged, 
unmindful  of  perfonal  guilt-  I'heir  dead 
are  laid  on  fcaffolds,  till  the  fledi  feparates 
from  the  bones  which  are  waflied,  put  in 
a  coflin,  and  carried  to  the  bone  houfe. 
When  the  houfe  is  full^  thera  is  a  general 
interment,  a  folemn  proceffion,  great  la- 
nrcntations,  and  a  fedival,  called  the  fead 
of  the  dead.  The  white  inhabitants  hav« 
fettled  to  the  line  of  the  Chaftaw  nation. 

Cbadbourne's  R.  Maine,  called  by  fome 
Great  Works  1.  about  30  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  theBonnebcagPond,  from  which 
it  ifFues.  It  is  faid  to  have  t»ken  its  latter 
name  from  a  mill  with  18  faws,  mo\-ed  by 
one  wheel,  ere«Sled  by  one  Lodors.  But 
the  projetSk  was  foon  laid  afide.  The  form- 
er name  is  derived  from  Mr.  Chadbournc, 
one  of  the  fird  fettlers,  who  purchafcd  the 
land  on  the  mouth  of  it,  of  the  natives,  :ind. 
whofe  poderity  pollefs-it  at  this  day. 

Chjfalaya,^  miles  below  the  rivcrRougc, 
is  the  wedernmod  branch  of  the  Milfifip- 
pi,  and  after  running  many  miles  through 
one  of  the  mod  fertile  countries  in  the 
world,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  St.  Barnard,  a 
confidcrable  didauce  wedward  of  the 
otbcr  mouths  of  tb:  Miillf:ppi.     Hutehim- 


CHA 


CHA 


tZagre,  a  nvcr  and  town  in  Terra  Fir- 
Via,  S.  America.  The  river  opens  to  the 
H.  Sea,  and  wan  formerly  called  I.agortas, 
from  the  number  of  alligators  in  it ;  has  its 
fourrc  in  the  mountains  near  Cruces,  and 
its  mouth  is  in  N  laL  9,  where  there  is  a 
Arong  fort, built  on  a  ftccp  rock,  on  the  K 
iide  near  the  lea  (hore.  This  fort  has  a 
commandant,  and  lieutenant,  and  thegar- 
rifon  is  draughted  from  I'anama,  to  which 
you  go  by  this  river,  landing  at  Cruces, 
about  5  leagues  from  Panama,  and  thence 
one  travels  by  land  to  that  city.  Oppn- 
fite  to  fort  Chagrc  is  the  royal  cuduni 
houfe.  Here  the  river  is  broaded,  being 
120  toifcs  over ;  whereas,  at  Cruces.wherc 
it  begins  to  he  navigable,it  is  only  20  toifcs 
wide  ;  from  the  town  of  Ch.igrc,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  is  2 1  miles  N  W  by  W, 
but  mcifuring  by  water  is  43  miles.  'I'hcre 
is  at  Cruces  an  alcalde,  who  lives  at  the 
cuftom  houfe,  and  takes  an  accoiuit  of  all 
goods  on  the  river.  Chagre  fort  was  tak- 
en by  Adm.  Vernon,  in  1740. 

Chain  Late      Sec  Mexico. 

Chaleur  Bay,  in  L.  Canada,  projc<5):s  W 
and  N  W  frera  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
It  has  the  Britifli  province  of  N.  Brunf- 
wick  on  the  S  and  the  diftridl  and  co. 
•f  Gafpee  on  the  N.  On  its  N  fhorc  are 
the  towndiips  of  Hopetown,  Cox,  Hamil- 
ton, N.  Richmond,  Maria,  and  Carleton. 
The  river  Rilligouche  empties  into  the  W 
•nd  of  this  fine  bay. 

Cbambcrjlnirg,a.  poft  town,  in  Pennfylv.i- 
nia,  and  tlie  cliicf  of  Franklin  co.  It  is 
fituatcd  on  the  9  ;  C  t-rn  branch  of  Conogo- 
chcague  creek,  a  »/}  ijr  of  Potowmac  R.  in 
a  rich  and  highly  t.  itivated  country,  and 
healthy  ikuation.  Here  arcabout20ohouf- 
es,  a  Prefljy terian  churches,  a  flone  gaol,  a 
handlbme  court  houfe,  built  of  brick,  a 
paper  and  merchant  mill.  A  fupreme 
court  is  held  here  once  a  year,  and  a  court 
•f  comm(m  pleas,  and  general  tpi;j-ter  fef- 
fions  of  the  peace  the^firfti  Monday  in  Feb.' 
May,  Sept.  and  Dec.  It  h  58  miles  E  by 
S  of  Bedford,  11  NW  of  Shippeiifburg, 
and  i.s  ^  W  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  39  ^i, 
Wlon.  77  .^o. 

CbambU  R.  or  Sorell,tt  water  of  the  .St. 
Lawrence,  ifluing  from  lake  Champlain, 
300  yards  wide  when  lowed.  It  is  Ihoal 
in  dry  fcafons ;  but  of  fuificient  breadth 
for  raftinfl  lumber,  &c.  fpring  and  fall. 
It  was  called  both  Sorell  .nnd  Richlieu 
vlien  the  French  held  Canada 

ClamileeForttU  handfomc  and  well  built, 
on  the  margin  of  the  river  of  the  fame 
fame,  about  X2  or  15  miles  S  W  from 


Montreal,  al'.J  N  of  St.  John's  fr.rt.  ft 
vas  taken  by  the  Americans  Oc^.  3o, 
1775, and  retaken  by  the  Uritilli,  Jan.  18, 
1776.     Nlat.  4J4.5- 

Chjmf/jin,  a  lake  next   in  fize  to  lake 
Ontario,  and  lies  K  N  E  frrm  it,  forming  a 
part  of   the  dividing  line  between    lli<^ 
ftatcs  of  N.  York  and  Vermont.     It  took 
it<  name  from  a  French  governor,  of  this 
name.     It  was  before  called  Corlacr's  laice. 
Reckoning  its  length  from  Fairhavcnto.St. 
John's,  a  courle  nearly  N,  it  is  abo.it  *oo 
miles  ;  its  breadth  is  from  i  to  18  miles, 
the  mean  width  is  nbout  5  miles ;  and  it 
occupies  about  500,000  acres..    Its  depth 
is  fuificient  for  the  largcfl  vellcls.    1  here 
are  in  it  above  60  iilandi  of  difierent  fizes ; 
the  moil  conliderable  are  N.  and  S.  Hero« 
and  Motte  ifland.     It  receives  at  Ticon- 
deroga  the  waters  of  Lake  George  from 
the  S  S  W,  which  arc  faid  to  be  100  feet 
higher  than  the  waters  of  this  lake.    Half 
the  rivers  and  dreams  v  hich  rile  in  Ver- 
mont fall  into  it.    There  are  feveral  which 
come  to  It  from  N.  York  and  fome  from 
Canada ;   to  which  lad  it  fends  its  own 
waters,  a   N  courfc,  through  Sorell  or 
Chamblee  R  into  the  St.  Law  rence.   This 
lake  is  well  dored  with  f.di ;  particularly 
falition,  falmon  trout,  durgeon  and  pick* 
ercl ;  and  the  lands  on  its  borders,  and.«a 
the  hunks  of  its  rivers  are  good.    The  w.i- 
ters  generally  rife  from  about  the  20th  of 
April  to  the  30th   of  June,  from  4  toi  6 
feet ;  the  greated  variation  is  not  more 
than  8  feet.    It  is  feldom  entirely  fliut  up 
with  ice,  until  the  middle  of  Jan.     Be- 
tween the  6th  and  ijth  of  April  the  ice 
generally  goes  oft";   and  it  is  not  uncom- 
mon for  many  fquare  miles  of  it  to  dif- 
appcar  in  one  day. 

C6am/>/ain,B.  pod  town  in  the  mod  north- 
erly part  of  Clinton  co.  N.  York,  which 
take,  its  name  from  the  lake  on  which  it 
liss.  It  was  granted  to  fome  Canadian 
and  Nova  Scotia  refugees, who  were  cither 
in  the  fervice  of  the  U.  .States,  during  the 
war,  or  fled  to  them  for  pcote<Elion.  The 
indigence  or  ill  habits  «f.  thefc  people  oc- 
cafioned  the  breaking  up  of  the  lettlc- 
mcnt ;  and  a  better  fet  of  inhabitants  have 
now  taken  their  place.  The  lands  are 
fertile  ;  and  tivo  rivers  run  through  it, 
well- dored  with  iifli.  It  has  11 69  inhab- 
itant}.  Mufcie  fliells  and  other  marine 
prodtttSlions  are  found  from  the  furface  to 
40  feet  deep  in  the  ground.  I'his  lias  led 
fome  to  fuppofe  that  the  waters  of  the 
ocean  once  flowed  here  ;  it  is  alfo  evidci'.t- 
that  formerly  the  waters  of  the  lake  were 

many 

/ 


Pi 


CHA 


CHA 


many  feet  higher  tlian  it  has  been  fince 
its  difcovery  in  i/joS. 

Chanctjord,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.Penn- 
fjlvania,  on  the  W  fide  of  Sufquehanna 
R.  ojipofite  Coneftoga  Creek. 

CbamlterfviHe,  a  port  town  of  Wafhing- 
ton  CO.  Maine,  84J  mile^  N  £  from  Watb> 
ington. 

Cbapallan,  one  of  the  largeft  lakes  in 
Mexico,  or  New  Spain. 

ChaptI  HiP,  a  poll  town  in  Orange  co. 
N.  Carolina,  fituated  on  a  branch  of  New- 
hope  creek,  whicli  empties  into  the  N  W 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  R.  This  is  the  fpot 
chofen  for  the  feat  of  the  Univerfity  of  N. 
Carolina  Few  houfes  are  as  yet  eredted ; 
but  a  part  of  the  public  buildings  were  in 
fuch  forwardnefs,  that  Audents  were  ad- 
mitted, and  education  commenced  in  Jan. 
X  796.  The  beautiful  and  elevated  fcite  of 
thi«  town  comniands  a  pleafmg  and  ezten- 
five  view  of  the  furrounding  country ;  i  % 
miles  Sby  E  of  Hilliborough,  47Z  S  W  of 
Philadelphia,  and  319  from  Waihington. 
N  lat.  35  40,  W  Ion.  79  6. 

CbajJtiit,  a  pod  town  of  St.  Mary's  co- 
Maryland,  5  6  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Charlimont,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  16  miles  W.  of  Deeriield, 
and  107  N  W  of  Bodon,  having  875  in- 
habitants. 

Cbarle/iurg,  a  poft  town,  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  ao  miles  from  Wafhing- 
ton. 

Charles  S.  in  Maflachufetts,  called  an- 
ciently Qr///r9/>if7»<>,is  a  confiderable  ftream, 
the  principal  branch  of  which  rifes  from  a 
pond  bordering  on  Hopkinton.  It  paiTes 
through  HoUiAon  and  Bellingham,  and 
divides  Medway  from  Medfield,  Wren- 
tbami  and  Franklin,  and  thence  into  Oed- 
bam,  where,  by  a  curious^bend,  it  forms  a 
peninAila  of  90&  acres  of  land.  A  Aream 
caUed  Mother  Brook,  runs  out  of  this 
river  in  this  town,  and  falls  into  Neponfit 
£ .  forming  a  natural  canal,  uniting  thiK 
two  rivers,  and  affording  a  number  of  ex- 
cellent mill  feats.  From  Dedham  the 
courfe  of  the  river  is  northerly,  dividing 
Newton  from  Needham,  WeAon,  apd 
Walthaim,  pailing  over  romantic  falls  ;  it 
then  bends  to  the  N  E  and  E  through  Wa- 
tertown  and  Cambridge,  and  pafimg  into 
BoAon  harbour,  miiigl<es  with  the  waters 
of  MyAic  R.  at  the  poiat  of  the  peninfula 
of  CharleAown.  It  is  navigable  for  boats 
to  Watertowu,  7  miles.  The  moA  remark- 
able bridges  on  this  river  are  thofe  which 
conneiEl:  BoAon  with  Charlcfk)wn  and 
Cambridge.    Ste£^oA.    TL^ie  are  7  pa- 


per  mills  on  this  river,  befide  other  milfs. 

Cbarlft  Co.  on  the  weAern  (horc  of  Ma- 
ryland, lies  between  Futowmack  and  I^- 
tuxct  rivers.  Its  chief  town  is  Port  To- 
bacco, on  the  river  of  that  name.  Its  ax- 
trenie  length  is  28  miles,  its  breadth  *4% 
audit  contains  19,171  inhabitants, includ- 
'"S  9)5>  ^  flaves.  I'he  country  has  few 
hills,  is  generally  low  and  fandy  and  pro^ 
duces  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  fweet  pota- 
toes, 8ic. 

Chnrlct  City  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  between 
Chickahominy  and  James  rivers.  It  has 
liSii  free  inhabitants,  and  3013  Haves.  .A 
poA  town  of  the  fame  name  in  this  co.  is 
167  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Charletf  a  cape  of  Virginia,  in  about  N 
lat.  37  15.  It  is  on  the  N  fide  of  the  mouth 
of  Chefapeak  bay,  having  Cape  Henry 
oppofite  to  it. 

Cbarlet,  a  cape  on  the  S  W  part  of  the 
Arait  entering  into  Hudfon  Bay.  N  lat. 
6a  40,  W  Ion.  75  15. 

Cbar/e/lowit,a.  pod  town  in  Cecil  co. Ma- 
ryland, near  the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay ; 
6  miles  £  N  £  from  the  mouth  of  Sufque- 
hannah  R.  10  W  S  W  from  Elkton,  and 
JO  S  W  by  W  from  Philadelphia.  Here 
are  about  ao  houfes,  chiefly  inhabited  by 
fifhermen  employed  in  the  herring  fifliery. 
N  lat.  39  34. 

CbarJe/len,zdiAn€t  in  the  Lower  country 
of  S.  Carolina,  fubdivided  into  t4  paridies^ 
This  large  diAridl,  of  which  the  city  of 
CharleAon  is  the  chief  tovra,  lies  between 
Santee  and  Combahee  rivers.  It  pays 
£11,473-14-6  Aer.  taxes.  It  fends  to  the 
Aate  legiflature  48  reprefentatives  and  13 
fenators,  and  i  member  to  Congrefs.  It 
contains  57,480  inhabitants,  of  whom 
41,941  arellaves. 

Cbarlefioriy  the  metropolis  of  S.Carolina, 
is  the  moA  confiderable  town  in  the  Aate ; 
fituated  in  the  diAridl  of  the  fame  name, 
and  on  the  tongue  of  land  formed  by  the 
confluent  Areams  of  Afliley  and  Cooper, 
which  are  Aiort  rivers,  but  large  and  nav- 
igable. Thefe  waters  unite  immediately 
below  the  city,  and  form  a  fpacious  and 
convenient  harbour ;  which  communicates 
with  the  ocean  juA  below  Sullivan's  I. 
which  it  leaves  on  the  N  7  miles  S  £  of 
CharleAon.  In  thefe  rivers  the  tide  rifes, 
in  common,  about  6^  feet ;  but  uniformly 
10  or  I  a  inches  more  during  a  m'ght  tide. 
The  fadl  is  certain  ;  the  caufe  unknown. 
The  continual  agitation  which  the  tides 
occafion  in  the  waters  which  almoA  fur- 
round  CharleAon  ;  the  refreflingJea  breez- 
es which  are  regularly  felt,  and  the  fmoke 

arifing 


CH  A 


CH  A 


•ridng  from  fo  many  chininirt,  render  tTi'is 
city  more  heallhy  than  any  part  of  tlic 
Jow  country  in  the  ioutlkcrn  Rates.  On 
thi*  account  it  is  the  refort  of  great  nunw 
bers  of  gentlemen,  invalids  from  the  W. 
India  iflands,  and  ot  the  rich  planters  from 
the  country,  v«  ho  come  here  to  fpend  the 
fickly  months,  as  they  arc  called,  in  qucfl 
of  health  and  of  the  focial  enjoyments 
which  the  city  afTords.  And  in  no  part 
of  America  are  the  i'ocial  blellings  enjoyed 
more  rationally  and  Uberally  than  here. 
Unaffedted  holpitality,  afTabihty,  cafe  of 
manners  and  addrcfs,  and  a  difpolition  to 
make  their  guefls  welcome,  eafy  and  pleaf- 
cd  with  themfelvcs,  arc  chara«l>eriAics  of 
the  refpedable  people  of  Charledon.  In 
fpeaking  of  the  capital,  it  ought  to  be  ob> 
ferved,  for  the  honour  of  the  people  c' 
Carolina  in  general,  that  when  in  com- 
mon with  the  other  colonies,  in  the  con- 
ted  with  Britain,  they  refolved  againft  the 
ul'e  of  certain  luxuries,  and  even  necefla- 
ries  of  life ;  thofe  articles,  which  improve 
the  mind,  enlarge  the  underftanding,  and 
correct  the  tafte,  were  excepted  ;  the  im- 
portation of  books  was  permitted  as  form- 
erly. The  land  on-which  the  town  is  built, 
is  Hat  and  low,  and  the  water  brackifh 
and  unwholefome.  The  city  is  about  ^ 
of  a  mile  wide  and  a  mile  and  ^  in  length 
I'he  ground  on  which  it  Aands  is  level, 
and  but  a  few  feet  above  the  height  of 
fpring  tides  ;  in  1699,1728  and  175a,  the 
tide  raifed  by  a  hurricane,  covered  the 
town,  the  people  retiring  to  the  higher 
Aories  of  their  dwellings.  The  ftreets  are 
pretty  regularly  cut,  and  open  beautiful 
profpedb,  and  have  fubterranean  drains 
to  carry  o^  filth  and  keep  the  city  clean 
and  healthy  ;  but  are  two  narrow  for  fo 
large  a  place  and  fo  warm  a  climate. 
Their  general  breadth  is  from  35  to  66 
feet.  I'he  houfes  which  have  been  lately 
built,  are  brick,  with  tiled  rpofs.  The 
buildings  in  general  are  elegant,  and  molt 
of  them  are  neat,  airy  and  well  furnifhed. 
The  city  is  divided  into  13  wards,  which 
choofe  13  wardens,  from  whom  the  In- 
tendant  is  chofen.  The  public  buildings 
are,  an  exchange,  a  Aate  hpufe,  an  armou- 
ry, a  poor  houfe,  and  an  orphan's  houfe. 
From  1790  to  1796,  1 16  boys  and  70  girls 
were  admitted  into  the  orphan  houfe. 
Here  are  feveral  refpedlable  academies. 
Part  of  the  old  barracks  has  been  hand- 
fomely  fitted  up,  and  converted  into  a 
college,  and  there  are  a  number  of  Au- 
dents  ;  but  it  can  only  be  called  as  yet  a 
/efpeiaablc  academy.     Here   are  three 


banki,  a  branch  of  the  national  bank, 
the  S.  Car<  Una  bank,  cdahiitiied  in  1 792. 
and  the  fState  Bank,  incorporated  Dec. 
1801.  The  Aate  owns  ^'thsof  the  capital. 
The  houfes  for  public  worfhip  are  i  £pif- 
copal  churches,  1  for  Independents,  1  for 
Scotch  Prclbyterians,  i  I'ur  Baptil^s,  i  for 
Oernian  Lutherans,  2  for  McthodlHs,  i  lor 
French  Proteftants,  a  meeting  huuic  tor 
Quakers,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  a 
jewilh  lynagugue.  Little  attention  is  paid 
to  the  public  markets  ;  a  great  proportion 
of  the  mofl  wealthy  inhabitants  haviii^ 
plantations  from  which  they  receive  Tup- 
plies  of  almofl  every  article  of  hving. 
The  country  abounds  with  poultry  and 
wild  ducks.  Their  beef,  mutton  and  veal 
are  not  generally  of  the  bed  kind ;  and 
few  fid)  are  found  in  the  market.  In  1787, 
it  was  computed  that  there  were  1600 
houfes  in  this  city,  and  15,000  inhabit- 
ants, including  .5^400  Haves ;  and  what 
evinces  the  healthir.efs  of  the  place,  up- 
wards of  200  of  the  white  inhabitants 
vere  above  60  years  of  age.  In  1791, 
there  were  16,359  inhabitants,  of  whom 
76R4  were  Haves.  This  city  has  often 
fufifered  much  by  fire,  the  lad  and  mod 
dedrudlive  happened  as  late  as  June,  1796. 
Charledon  was  incorporated  in  1783,  and 
divided  into  3  wards,  which  chofe  as  ma- 
ny wardens,  from  among  whom  the  citi- 
zens eledt  an  intendant  of  tl>"  rity.  The 
intendant  and  wardens  fori  the  city 
council,  who  have  power  to  make  and  en- 
force bye  laws  for  the  regulation  of  tho 
city.  The  value  of  exports  from  this  port, 
in  the  year  ending  Nov.  1787,  .nmounted 
to  £505,279-19-5  der.  The  number  of 
veflels  cleared  from  the  cudom  houfe  the 
lame  year, was  947,  mcafuring  62,1 18  tons; 
735  of  theie,  meafuring  -41.531  tons,  were 
American  ;  the  others  belonj^cd  to  G.Brit- 
ain, Ireland,  Spain,  France,  and  the  United 
Netherlands.  In  the  year  1 704.,  the  value 
of  exports  amounted  to  3,846,392  dollars. 
It  is  60  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Georgetown  ; 
150  E  by  S  of  Auguda ;  406  S  by  W  of 
Richmond  ;  538  S  W  by  S  of  Wafhington 
city ;  684  S  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia  ;  and 
1019  S  W  of  Bodon.  The  light  houfe  lies 
in  N  lat.  32  41  52.  White  Point  at  the  S 
end  of  the  town,  N  lat.  32  44  30,  W  km. 
80  C.9  45'  KnoxviUe,  the  capital  of  Tcn- 
efTee,  is  much  nearer  to  this.than  to  any 
feaport  town  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  A 
waggon  road  of  only  15  miles  is  wanted 
to  open  the  communication  ;  and  th« 
plan  IS  about  to  be  executed  by  the  date. 
CbarJeJlowtt,  a  towndiip  in  Montgomery 

CO. 


I 


CHA 


CHA 


i 


m.  N.  Tork,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R. 
^tbouc  ^i  miles  W  of  ilchcncd\iidy.  It  hai 
aooi  inhaliitaiitt. 

CLar/iJljtiii,  a  townfliip  in  Mifon  eo. 
Kentucky  ;  liiuatcd  on  tlic  Ohio  at  the 
mouth  ot  Lauren'))  creek.  It  i»  6  milen  N 
r>{  VVal1iinj;tOD,  and  60  N  Kof  Lexington. 
H  lat.  .lR  4J. 

Charleflmvn,  a  townfliip  in  Chcflcr  co. 
Pcnnlylvanin,  on  the  W  fide  of  Schuylkill, 
7  inilfn  above  Norriftown. 

Charltjlown,  a  port  town  in  Chefliire  co. 
N.  Hampfhire,  en  the  E  fide  of  Connetfli- 
cut  R.  30  miles  S  of  Dartmouth  College  ; 
upwards  of  70  N  of  Northampton,  1 10  N 
of  Wof  Bofton,  80  W  by  N  of  Poi  tfmouth, 
and  341  N  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  It  was 
incorporated  in  I753,iind  contains  90  or 
loo  noufes,  a  congregational  church,  a 
'ourt  houfe,  an  acadcmy.and  1364  inhab> 
itants.  The  road  from  BoAon  to  Quebec 

Jiafles  through  t  his  town.    N  lat.  43  1 6,  W 
on.  72  19.    A  Imall  internal  trade  is  car- 
ried on  here. 

Charltjiown,  the  principal  town  in  Mid* 
(llefot  CD.  Maflachufetts,  called  Mijtawun 
by  the  aboriginal  inhabitants,  lies  N  of  BAf- 
ton,  with  which  it  is  conne<Sted  by  Charles 
K.  Bridge.  The  town,  properly  fo  called,  is 
built  on  a  peninfula,  formed  by  Myftic  R. 
on  the  £,  and  a  bay,  fetting  up  from 
Charles  R.  on  the  W.  It  is  very  advanta- 
gcoufly  iltuatcd  for  health,  navigation, 
trade,  and  manufaiS^ures  of  almod  all  the 
various  kinds.  A  dam  acrois  the  mouth 
uf  the  bay,  which  fets  up  from  Ch.irles  R. 
would  aflord  a  great  number  of  mill  feats 
for  manufadlurcs.  Bunker's,  Breed's,  and 
Cobble,  (now  Barrell's)  hills,  are  celebrat- 
ed in  the  hifloryof  the  American  Revolu- 
tion. The  fecond  hill  has  upon  its  fum- 
mit  a  monument  cre<Sled  to  the  memory 
of  Major  Gen.  Warren,  near  the  Iput 
V  here  he  fell,  one  of  the  firfl  facriiices  to 
American  liberty.  The  brow  of  the  hill  is 
ornamented  with  a  number  of  elegant 
Iioufcs.  All  thcfe  hills  aflurd  elegant  and 
delightful  profpedls  of  Boflon,  and  its 
cimrmingiy  variegated  harbour,  of  Cam- 
bridge and  its  colleges,  and  of  an  extenfive 
tradt  of  highly  cultivated  country.  It 
c.nntains  within  the  neck  or  pariHi  about 
350  hcnifes,  and  about  3500  inhabitants. 
Its  public  butldinj>s  arc  a  handfome  con- 
^i'fgaiional  cliurch,  with  a  flceplc,  and  a 
•lock  prefented  by  the  late  Hon.  Thomas 
Ji:iJfcU  ;  a.  nc.'.t  Baptifl:  church,  plealiuitly 
fituatcd  on  an  eminence,  erei^ed  in  1800, 
an  alms  houfe,  a  marint-  hofpitai  crcdtcd 
fcy  the  government  w   the   United  States 


in  iRe.%  on  Myllic  river,  by  Chelfirti 
bridge,  and  a  {>tHiitniiary  h»uft,  building  by 
the  Aaic  on  Lynde'*  point,  in  the  W  iidr 
of  the  town.  One  of  the  Navy  Yards  of 
the  United  States  is  elhihltflied  in  the  .S  £ 
part  of  this  town,  on  which  a  number  of 
works  arc  already  crci^ed,  and  prepat.n- 
tions  making  for  others.  A  bridge  built 
in  1803,  over  Mydic  river,  conncdls  thii 
town  with  Chelfea,  from  which  is  an  ex- 
cellent tiunpike  road  to  Salem,  completed 
in  OA.  1833.  'i  he  Middlcl'cx  canal  erodes 
Charlcftown  neck,  and  terminates  in  the 
bay  whichfcts  up  W  of  the  town.  I'hcfe 
punlic  works  and  improvements,  enfure 
the  future  growth  of  this  plcafant  town. 
Several  branches  of  manufadlures  are  here 
can  icd  on  to  advantage,  particularly  the 
ma.nufaifturc  of  pot  and  pearl  aihes,  fltip 
building,  rum,  leather  in  all  its  branches, 
particularly  morocco,  filver,  tin,  brafs,  and 
pc-wtcr.  Here  is  a  printing  ofiice,  and 
three  rope  walks,  and  the  increafe  of 
its  houfes,  population,  trade,  and  naviga- 
tion, have  been  very  great  within  a  few 
veais  paft.  I'his  town  is  a  port  of  entry 
in  conjuntflion  with  Bu(k>n.  At  the  head 
of  the  neck  there  is  a  bridge  over  Myftic 
river,  which  connects  Charleftown  wit^ 
Maiden. 

Cbarltfown,  a  thriving  town  in  Jeirerfoa. 
CO.  Virginia,  lituated  on  the  great  road 
leading  from  Philadelphia  to  Wincbcftet  ^ 
8  mile!>  S  from  Sbepherdftown,  and  20  N 
E  from  Winchefter.  Here  is  a  pod  oiTice^ 
73  miles  from  Walhingtcn,  a  prefbytcrian 
meeting  houfe,  and  an  academy  lately  in- 
corporated. 

Lharleficnvn,  a  towndiip  in  Wa/lungton 
CO.  Rhode  Ifland,  having  the  Atlantic 
ocean  on  the  fouthward,  and  fcparatcd 
from  Richmond  on  the  northward  by 
Charles  river,  a  water  of  Pawcatuck. 
Some  of  its  ponds  empty  into  Pawcatuck 
river,  others  into  the  iva.  It  is  19  mill's 
N  W  of  Newport,  and  contains  1454  in- 
habitants, including  12  (laves.  A  fcw 
ycars  ago  there  were  about  500  Indian* 
in  the  ftatc ;  the  greater  part  of  them  rc- 
fided  in  this  townfliip.  They  arc  peace- 
able and  well  difixjled  to  government,  and 
fpeak  the  Engliili  languiige. 

Cbarltjlown,  in  Kanhawa  co.  Virginia, 
confiding  of  a  few  Mattered  houfes  along 
the  bank  of  the  river,  near  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Elk.  The  plot  of  land  on  which  it 
Itands  is  delightful. 

Chitrli^fu-wn,  the  chief  town  of  Brooke 
CO.  Virginia,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Ohio,  at 
the  mouth  ftf  Lulfnlot-  creek.     It  is  Z4 

m!l»s 


CH  A 


eiiA 


Srookc 

bio,  at 

is  M 

milw 


■lilet  from  Wafliington    in   P<ninfylvii- 
lii.i. 

ClarhJItwii,  the  only  town  in  the  idand 
wf  Ncvii,  one  iif  the  Caribbcci,  belonging 
tu  Great  Britain.  In  it  urc  lar^c  bourc» 
jiiid  «'ell  t'urnillitd  fliups.and  it  i^  defend* 
cd  by  Charkf  tort,  lit  tlic  purifli  of  St. 
John,  on  the  8  tide  of  the  town,  is  a  lar^je 
Ipnt  of  fulphurcoui  ground,  »t  the  upper 
i-nd  of  H  deep  chnl'm  in  the  earth,  cnni- 
iminly  CHllud  Sulphur  Gut,  which  i»  To  hot 
as  to  be  felt  through  the  lolci  of  oncN 
nif>c>.  A  finall  hot  river, called  the  Uath, 
U  thought  to  proceed  from  the  laid  girt  ; 
amd  alter  running  half  a  mile,  lul'cs  itl'clf 
in  the  fands  of  the  fca.  Black  Rock  pond, 
alraut  a  quarter  of  a  mile  N  from  the 
town,  if  milk  warm,  owing  to  the  mixture 
of  hot  and  cold  fpring»,  yet  it  yields  ex- 
cellent lidi ;  particularly  (ine  ceU,  lilver 
fifli,  and  llimguts.  A  prodigious  piece  of 
Nevis  mountain  falling  down  in  an  earth- 
quake, fevcral  yean  ago,  left  a  large  va- 
cuity, which  i*  flill  to  be  feen.  i  he  alti- 
Uide  of  this  mountain,  taken  by  a  quad- 
rant from  Charleftown  bay,  is  faid  to  lie  a 
mile  and  a  half  perpendicular  ;  aud  from 
the  faid  hay  to  the  top,  four  miles.  The 
declivity  from  this  mountain  to  the  town 
h  very  Acep  half  way,  but  afterwards  cafy 
of  afceat.     N  lat.  16  ss,  W  Ion  6a  4*. 

Cb^rlijliiivii,  or  Ojliiiti,  one  of  the  four 
principal  towns  in  the  illaiMl  uf  Dai-badoe«. 

CbarUlon  IpJnd,  or  Chjrles  IJland,  is  lU- 
Mated  at  the  bottom  of  Jamet.'s  bay,  hi 
New  South  Wales,  on  the  coad  of  Lab- 
rador, and  yields  a  beautiful  profpct^, 
in  fpring,  tu  chofc  who  arc  near  it,  after 
ii  voyage  of  3  or  4  months  in  the  molt 
uncomfortable  fcai>  on  the  globe,  and 
that  by  the  vafV  m-ountains  of  ice  in  Hud- 
fi>n  bay  and  (Iraits  The  whole  idand, 
fpread  with  trees  and  1>ranchc3,  exhibits, 
as  it  were,  a  beautiful  green  tuft  The 
air,  even  at  the  bottom  of  rite  bay,  though 
in  51  degrees,  a  latitude  nearer  the  fun 
than  London,  is  exccinvely  cold  for  nine 
months,  and  very  hot  the  other  three, 
except  on  the  blowing  of  a  N  W  wind. 
The  Toil  on  the  E  fide,  as  wrll  as  the  W, 
beartt  all  kinds  of  nrain  ;  and  I'ome  fruits, 
poofcbcrries,  ftrawberries,  and  dewber- 
ries, grow  about  Rupert'b  bay.  N  lat.  jz 
30.  W  l«>n.  8a. 

Cb.ir!tton,  a  po(V  town  in  Saratoga  co. 
N.  York,  N  of  SchencAady,  and  W  of 
Balltown. 

Gharhton,  a  townfliip  in  Worccflcr  co 
Mairachufetts,  W  of  Oxford.  60  miles  S  S 
W  of  Bonou,  ij  S  \V  of  Wojceftcr^and 


fontalni  aiio  inhabitants.  QnineAan;^ 
R.  fornii  iome  of  its  rich  intervale  lands, 
and  furniOics  excellent  mill  feats  fur  thi«, 
and  many  adjacent  towns. 

Charlitiu  foil,  in  S.  Carolina^  is  on  llic 
point  of  land  where  Tugekx)  and  Uroad 
rivers,  uniting  their  water*,  form  Savan- 
nah R.  According  to  Bertram,  it  is  1  milo 
below  Fort  James,  D.irtmouili.  N  lat.  j.), 
W  Ion.  8a  35. 

Cljurloiii  Haven,  Ires  at  the  mouth  of 
Charlotte  R.  in  K.  Florida  ;  having  Carlos 
bay  on  the  S,  and  Rock  Point  on  the 
northward.  N  lat.  a;,  W  Ion.  8a  40. 
Charlotte  R.  is  fed  by  Spiritu  Santo  L:i- 
goon,  which  communicates,  by  Delaware 
R.  with  Chatham  or  Funjo  bay,  which  it 
90  miles  S  Efrom  Charlotte  Haven. 

C.'jarltiilt,  a  pofl  to^vn  on  the  K  tide  of 
I>:tkc  Champlain,  and  the  s  wcftcrnmon 
in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont.  Shclburnc 
on  the  N  fcparatcs  this  town  from  Bur- 
lington. Inhabitants  xaji.  Split  Rock, 
ia  Lake  Champlain,  lies  otfthis  town. 

Charlotte,  a  fertile  and  populous  co.  in 
Virginia,  lies  8  W  of  Richmcmd,  on  t!u; 
head  waters  of  Staunton  R.  and  contain* 
5629  free  inhabitants,  and  6383  (laves. 
The  court  lioufc  isiimilcs  SSWof  Prince 
Edward  court  houl'e,  and  379,  about  thn 
fame  courfe,  from  Philadelphia.  A  polt 
utRceis  kept  here,  ajj  miles  from  Wulli- 
ington. 

Ckirleitriiirr,  a  town  in  Brunfwick  co. 
N.  Carnliir.i.  It  ftandj  on  an  illand,  and 
has  aninUtand  lountl  ui'ihc  fame  name, 
it  little  S  of  it. 

Ciarltitcniuriri,  in  Upper  Canada,  th« 
townfliip  of,  is  on  the  river  8t.  Lawrence,- 
and  in  the  countj^  of  Glcngary,  being  the 
fccond  townihip  in  alcending. 

Charlotte,  or  CbarlutttfitiUe,  a  poft  town 
in  Suliibnry  diftritSIr,  N. Carolina.and  chief 
town  of  Mecklenburg  co.  fltuatcd  on  StecK 
creek,  which  joins  the  Sugaw,  and  fall* 
intoCatabaw  R.  about  10  miles  N  of  tho 
S.  Carolina  boundary,  and  44  S  of  Salif>  ■ 
bury.  Here  arc  about  40  houfcs,  a  court 
honfe  and  gaol. 

Cbarhttevitle  7otvi>J£if,  in  tf>c  co.  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Wood- 
houfe,  and  fronts  Long  Point  bay.  The 
land  is  thinly  timbered,  and  without  un- 
derwood, which  greatly  facilitates  cul- 
tivation ;  it  is  welt  calculated  for  roads, 
and  i»  fudlcicntly  open  for  carriages, 
looking  more  like  a  royal  foreft.than  the 
uncultivated  lands  of  iiHlure.  "The  loyal 
peafant,  fighing  after  the  government  he 
iofl  by  the  late  revolution,  tpavcl.v  fron^ 

Vcaofylvaola^ 


'i'  n 


% 


n. 


CHA 


CMA 


l^nnfyTvania,  in  fearch  of  Iiis  former  I.iw« 
and  protc<Slion  ;  a.id  havinj;  his  expec- 
lations  fulfilled  by  new  marks  of  favour 
from  the  crown,  in  a  grant  of  lands,  he 
turns  his  plough  at  once  into  thcfe  fertile 
plains,  and  an  abundant  crop  reminds 
him  of  his  gratitude  to  his  God  and  king" 
Above  Turkey  Point  on  the  heights,  is 
the  townplot  of  Charlotteville,  and  at  the 
extremity  of  the  point, is  the  fcite  of  the 
projc(5led  wharves  and  docks,  with  a 
good  channel  leading  to  it.  Smyth. 

Charlotte  haU,  St  Mary's  co.  Maryland. 
A  port  office  is  kept  here,  Jj  miles  from 
Wathingtan. 

CharlQtufville,  a  pofl  town,  the  capital 
of  Albemarle  co.  in  Virginia,  lies  on  the 
poft  road  from  Richmond  to  Danville,  in 
Kentucky,  86  miles  W  N  W  of  the  form- 
er, and  5.5  7  eaftward  of  the  latter,  and  40 
S  E  by  E  of  Staunton.  U  contains  about 
45  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  a  gaol,  litu- 
ated  about  half  3  mile  N  from  a  water  of 
Rivanna  river. 

Charlotte  Town,  the  capital  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  John's,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  on  the  S  W  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies ;  and  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  a  deep 
bay. 

Charlotia,  a  town  on  the  E  fliore  of  St. 
John's  R.  E.  Florida,  where  th^t  river  is 
about  half  a  mile  wide.  It  was  founded 
by  Den  Rolle,  Efq.  and  is  fituated  on  a 
high  bluff,  15  or  so  feet  perpendicular 
from  the  river;  and  is  in  length  half  a 
mile,  or  more.  The  aborigines  of  Amer- 
ica had  a  very  great  town  in  this  place, 
as  appears  from  the  great  tumuli  and  con- 
ical mounts  of  earth  and  fhells,  and  other 
traces  of  a  fettlement  which  yet  remain. 
The  river,  forncir  la  miles  above  Char- 
lotia,  is  divided  into  many  channels  by  a 
number  of  iflands. 

Chartier,  a  townfliip  in  Waflilngton  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Chartier  s  Creek.  See  Ccnonjhurg  and 
Mnrganaa. 

Chartrei,z  fort  which  was  built  by  the 
French,  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  the  Miffi- 
fippi,  3  miles  northerly  of  La  Praire  du 
Rocher,  or  the  Rock  Meadows,  and  n 
miles  northerly  of  St.  Genevieve,  on  the 
wcftern  fide  of  that  river.  It  was  aban- 
doned in  1774,  being  unten;ible  by  the 
couftant  walliings  of  the  MilGfippiin  high 
floods.  The  village  fouthward  of  the  fort 
was  very  inconfiderable in  1778.  Amile 
above  this  is  a  village  fettled  by  170  war- 
xiors  of  Che  Piorias  and  Mitchigamias 


tribes  of  Illinois  Indians,  who  are  idle 
and  debauched. 

Chat,  IJle  au,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence^ 
oppofite  to  the  town  of  Ofnabruck,  in  U. 
Canada,  contains  from  100  to  150  acres. 
The  foil  is  good. 

CWi&dMt,  a  maritime  pod  town  in  Barn* 
liable  CO.  MafTichufetts,  fituated  on  the 
exterior  extremity  of  the  elbow  of  Cape 
Cod,  bounded  E  by  the  ocean,  S  by  Vine- 
yard found,  W  by  Harwich,  and  N  by 
Pleafant  bay.  Its  fituation  is  convenient 
for  the  fifhcry  ;  in  which  they  have 
ufually  about  40  veflels  employed.  Its 
harbour  contains  ao  feet  water  at  \ovr 
tide.  The  place  is  remarkable  for  many 
fhipwrecks  on  its  fliores.  It  has  135 1  in- 
habitants, lies  93  miles  S  £  of  Boflon,  and 
20  from  Barnliablc.  Lat.  41  42  N,  Ion. 
69  50  from  Greenwich. 

Chatham,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhire.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 767, 
and  in  1790  contained  58  inhabitants. 

Cbatbam,^  flourifliing  townfliip  in  Mid- 
dlefex  co.Connedlicut.on  the  eaftern  bank 
of  Connecticut  R.  and  oppofite  Middle- 
ton  city.  On  the  banks  of  the  Connec 
ticut,  half  a  mile  above  the  city  of  Mid- 
dleton,  are  inexhauftible  quarries  of  that 
fpccies  of  rtnne  known  by  the  name  of 
ConneiiUut  Jloiie,  excellent  for  founda- 
tions of  buildings,  fire  places,  door  (Icps, 
and  various  other  purpofcs.  Here  alfo 
have  been  difcovered,  coal  mines  which 
promife  to  be  valuable  It  was  a  part  of 
the  townfliip  of  Middleton  till  1767. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  is  fituated  ou  Paliaic  R  13  miles  W 
of  Elizabethtown,  and  nearly  the  fame 
from  Newark. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York.  By  the  flatr  cenfus  of  1796, 
380  of  its  inhabitants  were  eledlors. 

ChiJtham,  a  poft  town,  Cliefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, 131  milts  from  Waflilngton. 

Chiithaut  Co.  in  Hilllborough  diftricl,  N. 
CaroIin.i,'8tbout  the  center  of  the  ftate. 
It  contains  11,645  inhabitants,  of  whom 
2708  arc  flaves.  Chief  town,  Pittlburg. 
The  court  houfe  is  a  few  miles  W  of  Ral- 
eigh, on  a  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river, 
where  is  a  poft  office. 

Chatham,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Carolina,  in 
Chefterfield  diftrid,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Great  Pedee  R.  Its  fituation,  in  a  highly 
cultivated  and  rich  country,  and  at  the 
head  of  a  navigable  river,  bids  fair  to 
render  it  a  place  of  great  importance. 
Fn  1796,  it  had  only  about  30  houfes, 
lately  built. 

Chatham^ 


CHA 


CHB 


I  a  CO. 

[796, 

:»enn- 


river, 

na,  in 
ide  of 
lighljr 
tt  the 
lir  to 
'ance. 
oufes. 


Cialham  Co.  in  the  lower  diftrift  of 
Oeotgia,  lies  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
(Uce,  having  the  Atlantic  ocean  E,  and 
Savannah  river  N£.  It  contains  x  2*946 
inhabitants,  including  9049  Oaves  It  ii 
about  35  milei  long,  and  24  broad.  The 
chief  town  is  Savannah,  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  (late. 

Chatham,  or  Punjo  bay,  a  large  bay  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  S  end  of  the  promon- 
tory of  E.  Florida.  It  receives  North  and 
Delaware  rivers. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Kent  co.  U. 
Canada,  lying  on  the  Sinclair  and  Thames 
oppoiQte  Harwich,  ft  is  x;  miles  up  the 
river  Sinclair,  fituated  on  a  fork  of  it,  ta 
a  very  dcfirabic  fpot,  fo  well  protedted, 
and  fo  central,  that  as  the  population  in- 
creafes,  it  will  doubtlefs  become  a  large 
and  flourifhing  place.  A  block  houfc 
ivas  eredled  here  by  governor  Simcoe.ard 
it  was  made  a  depot  for  the  fine  whale 
boats  which  were  built  by  his  dirct^ion. 
Indeed  it  poflTefifes  many  advantages;  the 
point  is  well  fuited  for  the  launching  of 
Tefl*els,  and  the  river  is  fufficiently  deep 
tor  thofe  of  any  fize ;  fo  that  a  fecure 
arfenal  and  building  place,  and  an  excel- 
lent dock  might  be  made  in  the  leiTer 
branch  of  the  forks,  upon  which  there  is 
now  a  mill.  Firs  are  cafily  floated  down 
from  the  pinery  above,  and  other  kinds 
of  timber,  neceflary  for  iliip  building  may 
be  procured  by  water  carriage.  Its  great- 
eft  difadvantage  is  the  bar  acrofs  its  em- 
iouchure  into  lake  St.  Clair ;  but  that  is  of 
fufllcicnt  depth  for  fniall  craft  rigged,  and 
for  large  veflels  when  lightened,  and  it 
ivould  anfwer  as  a  good  winter  harbour 
for  any  veflcl  which  navigates  the  lakes, 
if  (he  made  herfeif  light  enough  to  pafs 
over  the  bar  and  go  into  the  river  ;  and 
this  might  cafily  be  effected  for  all  veflels, 
by  having  a  flat  bottomed  lighter  ftation- 
cd  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  for  that  frf- 
pecial  purpofe.  Smyth. 

Chatham  Houft,  in  the  territory  of  the 
Hudfon  bay  company,  N  lat.  55  2g  49, 
W  Ion.  from  Greenwich  98. 

Cbata  Hatchi,  or  Hatcbi,  is  the  Urged 
river  which  falls  into  St.  Rofe's  bay  in 
\V.  Florida.  It  is  alfo  called  Pea  R.  and 
runs  from  ME  entering  the  bottom  of  the 
bay  through  feveral  mouths ;  but  fo  fhoal 
that  only  a  iVnall  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs 
them.  Mr.Hutchins  afcended  this  river 
about  %s  leagues,  where  there  was  a  fmall 
fetttemcnt  of  Couflac  Indians.  The  foil 
and  timber  on  the  banks  of  the  river  re- 
femble  very  much  thofe  of  Efc^mbla. 
Vol.  I.  M 


_  Chalqucli,  or  ClataBueie,  a  river  in  0<frN 
gia.  The  northern  part  of  ApalachicoU 
river  bears  this  name.  It  is  about  30  rodi 
wide,  very  rapid,  and  full  of  flioals.  The 
lands  on  its  banks  are  light  and  fandy, 
and  the  clay  of  a  bright  red.  The  lower 
creeks  are  fettled  in  fcattering  clans  an4 
villages  from  the  head  to  the  inouth  ol 
this  river.  Their  huts  and  cabins,  front 
the  high  colour  of  the  clay,  refcmble  clufo 
(crs  of  new  burned  brick  (dins.  The  dif* 
tance  from  this  river  to  the  Talapoofe  R. 
is  about  70  miles,  by  the  war  path,  whicU 
crpflcs  at  the  falls,  jufl  above  the  town  of 
the  Tuckabatches. 

Chataygbque  Lake,  in  Geneflce  co.  N". 
York,  is  about  18  miles  long,  and  3  broad* 
Concwango  R.  which  runs  a  SS E  courfe, 
cohnetSbs  it  with  Alleghany  R.  This  laks 
is  conveniently  fituated  for  a  communica- 
tion between  lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio; 
there  being  water  enough  for  boats  front 
fort  Franklin  on  the  Alleghany  to  the  H 
W  corner  of  this  lake ;  from  thence  there 
is  a  (tortage  of  9  miles  to  Chataughqus 
harbour  on  lake  Erie,  over  ground  capa* 
ble  of  being  made  a  good  waggon  road. 
This  communication  was  once  ufed  by  thf 
French. 

Cbaud'iere,  River,  a  fouthem  branch  ot 
the  St.  Lawrence.  It  pfes  in  lake  Me^ 
gantick,  in  the  High  Lands,  on  the  divif* 
ion  line  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  From  the  fame  lake  iflue  the  head 
waters  of  Kennebeck  river.  The  Chau- 
diere  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  fewr 
miles  above  Quebec. 

Cbaudiere,  one  of  the  finefl  rivers  in  the 
N  W  part  of  N.  America,  which  after  aa 
eaflern  courfe  of  80  miles,  falls  into  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  in  lat.  49  N.  Itf 
banks  are  a  rich  foil,  covered  with  grove* 
of  oak,  pine,  maple,  and  cedar.  lu  wa« 
ters  are  florcd  with  fi(h. 

Cbaudiere  Late,  in  U.  Canada,  is  formed 
by  the  widening  of  the  Ottawa  river, 
aoove  the  mouth  of  the  river  Radcau,  and 
below  lake  Chat.  Smyth. 

Cbaudiere  Fallt,  on  the  Ottawa  river,  in 
U.  Canada,  36  feet  high.  They  are  a  lit- 
tle above  the  mouth  of  the  river  RadeaHi 
and  below  lake  Cbaudiere.  Stnytb. 

Cbayanta,  a  jurifdi^ion  in  Peru,  S.  A* 
merica,  under  the  archbifliop  of  Plata,  54 
leagues  from  the  city  of  La  PUta.  Thi* 
country  is  famous  for  its  gold  and  filvct 
mines.  The  latter  are  (till  worked  to  ad^ 
vantage. 

Cheat  R.nici  in  Randolph  CQ.  Virgioia* 
aa4  after  putAiinj;  a  N  M  W  courfe,  joint 

Mononj^ahcl* 


ftB 


CHE 


CflE 


Monongahela  R.  3  or  4  miles  within  tlic 
Pennfylvania  line.  It  is  200  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth,  and  100  yards  at  the  Dunk- 
ftrds  fettlcment,  50  miles  higher,  and  is 
aavigable  for  boats  except  in  dry  feafons. 
There  is  a  portage  of  37  miles  from  this 
It  to  the  Potowmac  at  the  mouth  of  Sav- 
age river. 

CbebuHo,  a  bay  and  harbour  on  the  S  S 
£  coad  of  Nova  Scotia,  didinguifhed  by 
the  lofs  of  a  French  fleet  in  a  former  war 
between  France  and  Great  Brituin.  Near 
the  head  of  this  bay,  on  the  W  fide,  ftands 
the  city  of  Halifax,  the  capital  of  the 
province. 

ChedabuHo,  or  Milford  Haven,  a  Jarge 
and  deep  bay  on  the  eanernmofl:  part  of 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  gut  of 
Canfo.  Oppofite  to  its  mouth  (hinds  iHe 
Madame.  Salmon  R.  falls  into  this  bay 
from  the  W,  and  is  remarkable  for  one  of 
the  greateft  fiflieries  in  the  world. 

Cliegomegait,  a  point  of  land  about  60 
miles  in  length,  on  the  S  fide  of  lake  Su- 
perior. About  100  miles  W  of  this  cape, 
■  confiderable  river  falls  into  the  lake ; 
upon  its  banks  abundance  of  virgin  cop- 
per is  found. 

Cheioutimies,  a  nation  or  tribe  of  Indians, 
who  inhabit  near  the  S  bank  of  Saguenai 
R.  in  U.  Canada. 

Chelmsford,  a  pod  town  in  Middlefex 
CO.  MafiachMfctts,  on  the  S  fide  of  Merri- 
mack R.  a6  miles  N  wederly  from  Bodon, 
and  contains  1290  inhabitants.  There  is 
an  ingenioufly  condrnAed  bridge  over 
the  river,  at  Pawtucket  Falls,  which  con- 
nedts  this  town  with  Dracut.  The  route 
of  the  Middlefex  canal,  which  connedb 
the  waters  of  Merrimack  with  thofe  of 
Bodon  harbour,  is  through  the  E  part  of 
Chelmsford. 

•  Cbelfeat  called  by  the  ancient  natives 
Winnlfimet,  a  town  in  Suffolk  co.  Mafl*a- 
«hufetts,  with  its  illands,  containing  849 
inhabitants.  Before  its  incorporation,  in 
1 738,  it  was  a  ward  of  the  tOTvn  of  Budon. 
It  w  fituated  N  eadr-ly  of  the  metropolis, 
and  feparatcd  from  by  the  ferry  acrofs 
the  harbour,  called  tVinnifimet.  The 
Salem  turnpike  pafTcs  through  the  center 
of  this  town,  which  is  liow  conne(5ked  with 
Charledown  by  Chelfea  Bridge. 

Chtlfea,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, having  a  court  houfc,  and  feveral 
ttandfome  buildings,  \^  miles  N  W  of 
Fairlee.     It  has  897  inhabitants. 

Chelfea,  the  name  of  a  parifli  in  the  city 

.  of  Norwich,  Conn,  called  the  Landing, 

dtuatcd  jK  the  bead  of  the  river  Thames, 


14  miles  N  of  New  London,  on  a  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  jundlion  of  Shetuckec 
and  Norwich,  or  Little  Rivers,  whole 
united  waters  conditute  the  Thames.  Ic 
is  a  bufy,  commercial,  thriving,  romantic, 
and  agreeable  place,  of  about  rjo  houfcs 
afcending  one  above  another  in  tiers,  on 
artificial  foundations,  on  the  fouth  point 
of  a  high,  rocky  hill.    Here  is  a  pod  oiEcc. 

Chemung.  The  wedcrn  branch  of  Suf* 
quehanna  R.  is  fometimes  fo  called.  See 
Tioga  River. 

Cicmu/ig,  a  pod  town  in  Tioga  co.  N. 
Tork.  It  has  j  15  inhabitants.  It  is  on 
the  N  E  fide  of  Tioa  R.  and  has  Newton 
W,  and  Owego  E,  about  160  miles  N  W 
from  N.  York  city,  meafuring  in  a  draight 
line.  Between  this  place  and  Newton, 
Gen.  Sullivan,  in  his  vidtorious  expedition 
againd  tiie  Indians,  in  1779,  had  a  defpe- 
rate  engagement  with  the  Six  Nations, 
whom  he  defeated.  The  Indians  were 
drongly  intrenched,  and  it  required  the 
utmoft  exertions  of  the  American  army, 
with  field  pieces,  to  diflodge  them ;  al- 
though the  former,  including  250  tories, 
amounted  only  to  800  men,  while  the 
Americans  w«re  5000  in  number,  and 
well  appointed  in  every  refpedt. 

Cbenal  Ecarte,  JJle,  near  the  entrance  of 
the  river  St.  Clair,  iu  U.  Canada,  into  lake 
St.  Clair,  ead  of  Harfan's  ifland  ;  it  con- 
tains about  300  acres  of  arable  land ;  the 
other  parts  are  meadow  and  marfli. 

Chtnal  Ecarte,  JJle  de,  in  th?  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  U.  Canada,  oppofite  the 
towndiip  of  Cornwall.contains  from  feven 
to  eight  hundred  acres,  the  foil  is  good. 

Chenango,  a  county  of  N.  York,  having 
Montgomery  N  E,Tioga  W,  Peunfylvania 
S.  containing  15,666  inhabitants. 

Chenengo,  is  a  northern  branch  of  Suf- 
quehanna  R.  Many  of  the  military  towii- 
fltips  are  watered  by  the  N  W  branch  of 
this  river.  The  towns  of  Fayette,  Jerico, 
Grecn^,  Clinton,  and  Chenengo,  in  Tioga 
CO.  lie  between  this  river  and  the  £  wa- 
ters of  Sufquehanna. 

ChencngOfA  pod  town, and  one  of  the  chief 
in  Tioga  co.  N.  York.  The  fettled  part 
of  the  town  lies  about  40  miles  N  E  from 
Tioga  point,  between  Chenengo  R.  and 
Sufquehanna ;  has  the  town  of  Jerico  on 
the  northward.     It  has  1149  inhabitants. 

Chenefe.     See  Genefee. 

Cbcpawat,  or  Chipe^vuys,  an  Indian  na- 
tion inhabiting  the  coad  of  lake  Superior 
and  the  illands  in  the  lake.  They  could, 
according  to  Mr.  Hutchins,  furnifli  looo 
warriors  30  years  ago.    Other  tribes  of 

this 


CHE 


CHE 


f  the  chief 
ttled  part 
N  E  from 
o  R.  and 
Jerico  on 
habitants. 

Indian  na- 

Superior 

icy  could, 

Inifli  tooo 

tribes  of 

tht9 


^his  nation  inhabit  the  country  round  Sa- 
euiaam  or  Sagana  bay  and  lake  Huron, 
hay  Puan,  and  a  part  of  lake  Michigan. 
They  were  lately  hoftile  to  the  United 
States,  but,  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville, 
Auguda,  1795,  they  yielded  to  them  the 
iiland  de  Bois  Blanc.     See  Six  Nation/. 

Ctefawyaa  Fort,  is  fituated  on  a  penin- 
fula  at  the  S  weAern  end  of  Athapefcow 
take,  N  lat.  58  45,  W Ion.  no  i8  ;  in  the 
territory  of  the  Hudfon  bay  company. 

Cbefelio,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Panama, 
S.  America,  and  in  the  province  of  Darien, 
3  miles  from  the  town  of  Panama,  and 
lupplies  it  with  provifioos  and  fruits.  N 
lat.  8  46,  £  Ion.  80  i  j. 

Cbcpatvyantfi  numerous  tribe  of  Amer- 
ican Indians,  who  live  between  lat.  60  and 
65  N,  and  Ion.  100  and  no  W.  Their 
language  is  copious  ;  dialedts  of  it  are 
fpoken  by  various  other  tribes.  The 
amufcments  of  thefe  people  are  few,  their 
mufic  is  harfli,  their  dances  awkward  ; 
they  feldom  pradlifc  either.  Their  coun- 
try is  co)d  and  barren,  producing  little 
wood,  and  few  vegetables  befide  mofs, 
which  in  times  of  fcarcity  furniflics  their 
food.  Boiled  in  water,  it  diffolves  into  a 
(clammy,  nourifliing  fubftance.  The  £<h 
in  their  waters,  and  deer  on  their  moun- 
tains, are  their  principal  fupport.  To 
gain  a  fcanty  fubfidence  is  a  ferious  buil- 
^lefs ;  in  a  mournful  temper  they  are  con- 
llantly  faying, "  it  is  hard,"  in  a  whining 
voice.  Like  all  favages  ignorant  of  reve- 
lation, they  are  extremely  fu perditions. 
They  mourii  long  for  their  deceafed 
friends,  never  ufe  their  property,  and 
fometimes  facrifice  their  own  as  a  token 
of  regret  and  forrow.  They  are  focial 
and  frank,  feldom  roufed  to  great  activity. 
They  are  fober,  timorous,  and  fclfim. 
They  have  a  tradition  that  their  fathers 
came  from  a  very  wicked  country ;  that 
in  traverfing  a  great  lake,  narrow,  (hallow, 
and  full  of  iHunds,  they  fuflered  great 
mifcry  by  the  ice,  fnow,  and  perpetual 
winter.  Their  notions  of  religion  are 
worthy  notice.  They  believe  the  globe 
was  once  an  entire  ocean,  no  creature 
living  then,  except  one  great  bird,  whole 
eyes  were  fire,  whofc  glances  were  light- 
ning, the  clapping  of  whofe  wings  were 
thunder.  This  bird  defcended  to  the 
ocean,  the  earth  rofe  to.  the  furface.  He 
called  alt  the  animals  into  exigence.  He 
then  made  the  Chcpawyan.s  from  a  dog, 
formed  an  arrow,  which  he  gave  them  to 
freferve,  but  they  carried  it  away,  which 
fp  provoked  the  Omnipotent  thi(  be  ha^ 


t-f  arMt-t^mrn^-s  '■' 


not  appeared  fince.  Thev  have  a  flrong. 
impreltion  of  the  longevity  of  mankind 
in  the  early  ages  of  the  world.  They  fay 
that  in  ancient  times  their  anceftors  lived^ 
till  their  feet  were  worn  out  by  walking, 
and  their  throats  with  eating.  They  al- 
fo,  like  other  nations  in  every  quarter  of 
the  earth,  give  in  their  teftimony  to  fup> 
port  the  Mofaic  hiflory.  They  defcribe 
a  deluge,  which  covered  the  whole  earth, 
except  the  higheft  mountains,  on  which 
they  were  prefervcd.  They  believe  that 
immediately  after  death  they  pafs  into 
another  world,  where  they,inay?e«*ff/7no*, 
embark  on  a  Urge  river,  which  bears  them 
into  a  great  lake,  in  view  of  a  delightful 
ifland.  Here  they  arc  judged  according 
to  the  deeds  done  in  the  body,  and  re- 
ceive a  fentence  of  everlafting  reward  or 
mifcry.  If  their  good  anions  predomi- 
nate, they  arc  landid  on  the  ifland  where 
they  riot  in  endlefs  pleafures.  If  their 
wicked  a<^ons  weigh  down  the  balancCj^ 
their  canoe  links,  they  are  buried  to  their 
chins  in  water,  where  they  for  ever  re- 
main, gazing  with  eovy  and  anguifh  at 
the  happy  ifland,  for  ever  (Iruggljng,  but 
never  able  to  reach  the  blifsful^f  re. 

Mc  Kenzie. 

Cbcptor,  a  fmall  ^panifli  town  on  the 
ifthmus  of  Darien  ai  d  Terra  Firma,  in  S. 
America,  feated  on  a  river  of  the  fame 
name,  6  leagues  from  the  fca.  Lat.  in 
42,  Ion.  77  JO. 

Cbeputnatekoot,  the  name  of  a  portion  cif 
the  river  in  fome  maps  called  Schoodook,^ 
and  in  others  PaflTamaquoddy,  or  other- 
wife  the  exifting  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  New  Brunfwick. 

Chequetan,  or  Segualaneio^oatlie  COafl  o(. 
Mexico,  or  Ndw  Spain,  lies  7  miles  weft- 
ward  of  the  rock?  ofSeguataneio,  Between 
this  and  Acapuico,  to  the  eaftward,  is  a 
beach  of  fand  of  18  leagues  extent,  againft 
""'hich  the  fea  breaks  fo  violently,  that  it 
is  impoilible  for  boats  to  land  on  any  part 
of  it ;  but  there  is  a  good  anchorage  for 
(hipping  at  a  mile  or  two  from  the  (hcre,^ 
during  the  fair  fealbn.  The  harbour  of 
Chequetan  is  very  hard  to  be  traced,  and 
of  great  importance  to  fuch  veflcls  as 
cruife  in  thefe  (eas,  being  the  moft  fecure 
harbour  to  be  met  with  in  a  vafl:  extent 
of  coaft,  yielding  plenty  of  wood  and  wa- 
ter ;  and  the  ground  near  it  is  able  to  be 
defended  by  a  few  men.  When  Lord 
Anfon  touched  here,  the  place  was  unin-. 
habited. 

Cbera,  a  river  near  Colan,  in  the  prov- 
ioce  of  Quito,  ia  Peru,  ruoning  to  Amo* 

tage^ 


I  Mi 

m 


S^i: 


I'll 


i 


iiii; 


ili 


CHfi 

t»gt ;  from  wbenp?  |>alta  has  hi  frefli 
water. 

Cberawf,  formerly  a  4iAri^  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  now  divided  into 
Chefterfield,Marlborough,ai^dDarliDgton 
di(lri«Ste.  1  his  part  of  Carolina  is  watered 
by  Great  PcdeeR.  and  a  number  of  fmaller 
ftreams.on  the  banks  of  which  the  land  is 
thickly  fettled  and  well  cultivated.  The 
chief  towns  are  Greenville  and  Chatham. 
The  court  houfe  in  Cheraws  di(lri<Sl  is  ja 
mile*  from  Can^den,  as  far  from  Lumber- 
ton,  and  90  from  QeorgctQwn.  1  he  ipail 
jlnps  at  this  place. 

Cberiffie,  an  inconfiderabte  village  on 
Terra  Ftrmai  from  which  the  market  of 
Panama  is  furnished  ^ith  proviiions 
weekly. 

Cbirqiit,  the  ancient  name  of  Teneflee 
"b^  The  name  of  TenefTee  was  formerly 
cpn^ned  to  the  fo^tbern  branch  which 
empties  xj  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
Clinch  R.  ai\d  18  below  Kop3(viIle. 

Cberokeesy  a  celebrated  Indian  nation, 
now  on  the  decline.  They  re0de  in  the 
northern  parts  of  Georgia,  and  the  fuuth- 
crq  parts  of  the  (\ate  of  Teneflee ;  hav- 
ing the  Apalachian  or  Cherokee  moun- 
tains pn  the  E,  which  feparate  th^m  from 
ii.  and  S.  Carolina,  and  TenelTcc  R.  on 
th^  N  an^  W,  and  the  C^eek  Indians  pn 
thf  S.  The  country  pf  the  Cherokees, 
extending  weAward  to  the  Miflifippi  and 
nprthward  tP  the  Six  Nations,  was  fur- 
rendered,  by  treaty  ^t  Ayeltminftcr,  1729, 
to  the  crown  of  Gre^t  Britain.  The  pref- 
ect line  betwoen  them  and  the  (late  of 
Teneflec  is  not  yet  fettled-  A  hoc  pf  ex-, 
periment  was  drawn  in  1792,  from  Clinch 
]^.  acrofs  Holilon  to  ChUhpwee  moun- 
tain ;  but  tKe  Cherokee  commiflloners 
sipt  appearing,  it  is  calle^  a  line  of  exper- 
ijfnenc.  The  complexiop  of  the  Cherokees 
is  brighter  fhan  that  of  ^h^  npghbouripg 
Indians.  They  are  rpb^S  and  well  made, 
abd  taller  than  many  pf  their  neigbbnurs  ^ 
bfeing  generally  6  'feet  higl^  a  few  are 
ihore,  and  fome  leC;.  Their  woirien  are 
tall,  /lender,  and  delicate.  The  talents 
and  morals  of  the  Cherokees  are  held  in 
great  efteem.  They  were  formerly  a  pow- 
erful nation }  but  by  continual  war^,  in 
>vhich  it  has  beert  their  dcdiny  to  be  en- 
gaged, with  the  northern  Indian  tribes, 
and  with  the  whites,  they  are  now  reduc- 
ed to  about  1500  warriors;  and  they  are 
becoming  weak  and  pufillanimuus.  They 
have  43  towns  now  inh^thited,  and  are 
making  coniidcrable  advances  towards 
civili)(atipn.     Their  fields  are  lEncIofed 


CHE 

with  fences,  and  they  have  plenty  pf  peo* 
vifipiu.  They  fpin  and  weave,  and  have 
knives,  forks,  plates,  tea  cups,  and  other 
furniture  in  a  comfortable  ftyle.  They 
taife  large  droves  pf  cattle  for  market. 

Cherry  t^allfy,  a  poft  town  in  Ptfcgo  co. 
N.  York,  at  the  bead  of  the  creek  of  the 
fame  i^ame,  about  la  miles  N  Epf  Coop- 
erftcwn,  an^  18  fputherly  pf  ConajoharyD 
61  yf  of  Albany,  and  33^  from  Philadel- 
phia.' It  contains  a  Prelbyterian  church, 
and  an  academy,  which  generally  has  60 
pr  70  fchplars.  It  is  a  fpacipus  ouilding, 
60  feet  by  40.  The  town(hip  is  very 
large,  and  lies  along  the  £  fide  pf  Otfego 
lake,  and  its  outlet  to  Adiquataogie  cretk. 
It  has  IJ52  inhabitants.  This  fettlement 
fufTered  feverely  from  the  Indiaps  in  the 
revolutionary  war. 

Gbcfapeah,  is  one  of  the  largeft  and  fafeft 
bays  in  the  United  States.  Its  entrance 
ijs  ncirly  E  N £  and  S  S  W, between  Cape 
Charles,  lat.  3714,  and  Cape  Henry,  lat. 
37  in  Virginia,  \%  miles  wide,  and  it  ex- 
tends 170  miles  to  the  northward,  divid- 
ing Virginia  and  Maryland.  It  is  from  7 
to  18  miles  broad,  and  generally  as  much 
as  9  fathoms  deep ;  affording  many  com- 
modious harbours,  and  a  fafe  and  eafy 
navigation.  It  has  many  fertile  iflands, 
and  tbefe  are  generally  along  the  £  Gde~ 
pf  the  bay,  except  a  few  folitarv  onc^ 
near  the  weftern  ihore.  A  number  of 
navigable  rivers  and  other  ftreams  empty 
into  it,  the  chief  of  which  are  Sufquehan- 
na,  Patapfco,  Patuxent,  Potpwmac,  Rap- 
pahannock, and  York,  from  the  N,  all 
faige  apd  navigable.  On  the  £  fide  \% 
receives  Elk,  SaCafras,  Chefter,  Saint  Mir 
chad's,  Cboptanlc,  Nanticokc,  Wicomico^ 
l^anokip,  and  Pocomoke,  befidc  many 
unaller  Areams.  Chefapeak  bay  affords 
many  excellent  fiAieries  of  herring  and 
{had.  There  are  alfo  excellent  crabs  and 
oyAer^  It  is  the  refort  of  fwaos,  but  is 
more  particuilarly  remarkable  for  a  fpe- 
cies  of  wild  duck,  called  canvtifiack,  whofe 
fle(h  is  entirely  free  from  any  fifliy  taAe, 
and  is  admired  by  epicures,  for  its  rich- 
pels  and  delicacy  In  a  commercial  point 
of  view,  this  bay  is  of  immenfe  advantage 
to  the  neighbouring  Aates,  particularly  to 
Virginia.  Of  that  Aate  it  has  been  ob- 
fervcq,  with  fome  little  exaggeration, 
however,  that  "  every  planter  has  a  river 
at  his  4oor." 

Chefaunkook  Lakt,  the  fource  of  the  great 
W  branch  of  Penobfcot  river. 

Cbeefaiatud  Lake,  about  aio  miles  N  E 
by  £  of  the  Canadian  houfe,  on  the  £  end 

©f 


Che 


CHfi 


the  great 


•f  Slave  lake,  in  the  Hudfon  ba^r  eempi* 
ny's  territory ;  is  about  35  miles  in  length 
and  the  Tame  in  breadth.  Its  weftern 
iborc  is  mountainous  and  rocky. 

CLeJhire  Co.  in  N.  Hampfliire,  lies  in  the 
S  W  part  of  the  ftate,  on  the  E  bank  of 
Conne<£licut  river.  It  has  the  (late  of 
Maflachufetts  on  the  S,  Grafton  eo.  on  the 
N,  and  Hillsborough  co.  £.  It  has  35 
townfhips,  of  which  Charleftown  and 
Kecne  are  the  chief,  and  38,82^  inhab- 
itants. 

C6^i'r«,  a  town(hip  inBerkfliire  co.Maf> 
fachufetts ;  celebrated  for  its  good  cheefe. 
The  famous  Mammoth  cheefe,  which  was 
prefented  to  the  Prcfidcnt  of  the  United 
States,  was  made  in  this  town  ;  140  miles 
M  weflerly  from  Bofton.  It  has  13  2 j  in- 
habitants. 

Clefiire,  a  townfliip  in  New  Haven  co. 
Connedlicut,  15  milts  N  of  New  Haven 
city,  and  a6  S  W  of  Hartford.  It  con- 
tains an  Epifcopal  church  and  academy, 
and  3  congregational  churches. 

Chefnut  Hill,  a  towofbip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania.    It  has  916  inhabitants. 

Chifnut  Ctreeh,  a  branch  of  the  Great 
ICanhawa,  in  Virginia,  where  it  crofTes 
the  Carolina  line.  Here,  it  is  laid,  are 
iron  mines. 

Cbefnut  Ridge.  Part  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  in  l^ennfylvania,  is  thus  call- 
ed, S  eadward  of  Greenlborough. 

Chefier,  a  townlhip  in  Lunenburg  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  bay,  fettled  orig- 
inally by  a  few  faniilies  from  New  Ens- 
land.  From  hence  to  Wipdfor  is  a  road, 
the  diftance  of  25  miles, 

CbHier,  9  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  adjoining  Wellfield  on  the 
£,  and  al>out  ao  miles  N  W  of  Springfield. 
It  contains  1542  inhabitants. 

Chefier,  a  large,  pleafant,  and  elevated 

JownmipinRoekingham  cp.NJiampfhire. 
t  is  ai  fniles  in  length ;  and  on  the  W 
£de  is  a  lake  or  pond,  called  MafabeCc 
pond,  30  miles  in  circumference,  which 
fends  its  waters  to  Merrimack  R.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1722,  and  contains  2046 
inhabitants,  who  are  chiefly  farmers,  it 
is  Gtuated  on  the  £  fide  of  Merrimack  R. 
14  miles  N  W  of  Havprhill,  as  far  W  of 
Bzeter,  30  W  by  S  of  Portfmouth,  6 
northerly  of  Londonderry,  and  306  from 
Philadelphia.  From  the  compadl  part  of 
this  town  there  is  a  gentle  defccnt  to  the 
jfea,  which,  in  a  clear  day,  may  be  feen. 
It  is  a  pod  town,  and  contains  above  abo 

toufes,  and  a  Congregational  and  a  Pref- 
ytet  tan  qleeting  houle.    tUttlcfuakc  hill, 


in  this  torrnfliip,  is  a  great  curiofity ;  it  !• 
half  a  mile  in  diameter,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  400  feet  high.  On  the  S  fide,  10 
yard^  from  its  bafe,  is  the  entrance  of  a 
cave,  called  the  Devil's  Den,  which  is  a 
room  15  or  20  feet  fquare,  and  4  high, 
floored  and  circled  by  a  rcj^ular  rock, 
from  the  upper  part  of  which  are  depend- 
ent many  excrefccnces,  nearly  in  the  torm 
and  fize  of  a  pear,  which,  when  approach- 
ed by  3  torch,  throw  out  a  fparkling  luf- 
tre  of  almoft  every  hue  It  i&  a  cold, 
dreary  place,  of  which  muny  Irightful 
(lories  are  told  by  thofc  who  delight  in 
the  marvellous. 

Chefier,  a  poft  town  in  Windfor  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Springlield,  and  11  milts  W 
by  S  of  CharleRown,  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  contains  1878  inhabitants. 

Chefier,  a  borough  and  puft  town  ia 
Pennfylvania,  and  the  capital  of  Dela- 
ware CO.  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  Vf  fide 
Qf  Delaware  R.  near  Marcus  t  00k,  and 
13  miles  N  £  of  Wilmington.  It  contains 
about  100  houfes,  built  on  a  regular  plan, 
a  court  houfe,  a  gaol,  a  church,  a  Quaker 
meeting  houfe,  a  market  and  brick  ichool 
houfe  From  Chefier  to  Philadelphia  is 
20  miles  by  water,  and  15  N  £  by  laud ; 
here  the  river  is  narrowed  by  iflands  of 
marfh,  which  are  generally  banked,  and 
turned  into  rich  and  immenfely  valuable 
meadows.  The  firA  colonial  alTcmbly 
was  convened  here,  the  4th  of  Dec.  1682. 
I'he  place  atlbrds  genteel  inns  and  good 
entertainment,  and  is  the  refort  of  much 
company  from  the  metropolis,  during  the 
fumnier  feafon.  It  was  incorporated  in 
Dec.  1 79J,  and  \i  governed  by  2  burgcHes, 
a  conftable,  a  town  clerk,  and  3  a(fi(l- 
ants ;  whofe  powet  is  limited  to  prcferve 
the  peace  and  order  of  the  place.  A(bef- 
tos  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Chejter  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  W  of  Dela> 
ware  co.  and  S  W  of  Philadelphia ;  about 
45  miles  in  len|;th,  and  3c  in  breadth.  It 
contains  39  townHiijis,  of  which  W.  Chef- 
ter  is  the  (hire  town,  and  32,093  inhab- 
itants. Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  northern 
parts,  which  employs  6  forges.  Thefe 
manufadure  about  1000  tons  of  bar  iron 
annually.  In  the  co.  are  )o6  mtrchant 
and  grifl  mills,  115  faw  mills,  18  fulling 
mills,  4  flitting  mills,  6  oil  nulU.  i  fnuff 
mill,  6  paper  mills,  2  furnaces,  8  forges, 
and  12  tilthammers.  Chief  town  Weft 
Chefter. 

Chefer,  a  poll  town  of  S.  Carolina,  22 
miles  S  of  Pinckney  court  houfe,  and  j8 
N  W  of  Columbia.    A  pud  office  is  kept 

here. 


f; 


CHE  ^ 

>.«re.  The  town  is  watered  by  Sandy  IL 
tt  (lands  on  an  eminence,  on  the  great 
xnad  from  Virginia  to  Georgia. 

Cbefler  R.  A  navigable  water  of  the  eaft* 
em  ihorc  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  two 
miles  within  the  line  of  Delaware  (tate, 
1>j  two  fources,  Cyprus  and  Andover 
crcelvS,  which  unite  at  Bridgetown  ;  runs 
nearly  S  weflward ;  after  pacing  Cheder 
it  runs  S  nearly  3  miles,  whep  it  receives 
S  £  creek,  and  15  miles  farther,  in  a  S  W 
diredkion,  it  empties  into  Chef^peak  bay, 
at  Love  point.  It  forms  an  ifland  at  its 
mouth,  and  by  a  channel  on  the  £  fide  of 
Kent  T.  communicates  with  Eaftern  bay. 
It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal,  about  1 1 
miles  long,  from  Andover  creek,  a  mile 
and  an  half  from  Bridgetown,  to  Salifbury, 
'  on  Upper  Duck  creek,  which  faHs  into 
Delaware  at  Hook  ifland. 

Cbejfer,  a  poR  town  and  capital  of  Kent 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  W  fide  of  Chefter 
Tiver,  14  miles  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Chefapeak.  It  contains  about  140 
iu>ufcsi  a  church,  college,  court  houfe,  and 
jaol.  The  college  has  a  fund  of  j^.txjo. 
A  county  court  is  held  here  twice  a  year, 
and  an  orplians  court  live  times.  It  is  77 
miles  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Cbefler,  a  fmall  town  in  Shannandoah 
«<K  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  jun«5lion  of  Alien's  or  North 
R.  and  South  R.  which  form  the  Shan- 
nandoah ;  16  miles  S  by  W  of  Winchefter. 
K  lat.  39  a,  W  Ion.  78  »a. 

Cbefler,  y  di(lri<St  of  S.  Carolina,  on  Wa- 
terce  R.  It  is  40  miles  long,  and  23  broad. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Fifliing,  Rocky,  and 
Sandy  rivers.  The  low  grounds  arc  often 
oversowed.  It  has  8185  inhabitants,  of 
vhom  1 164  are  flaves. 

Cbefler,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co.  Vir- 
.^nia,  fituated  on  the  S  W  bank  of  James 
It  15  mjjes  N  of  filandford,  and  6  S  of 
Richmond. 

defter,  a  poll  town  xa  miles  fquare,  in 
Orange  co.  N.  York,  on  the  W  of  Scroon 
jLake,  about  iS  miles  S  W  of  Ticonderoga, 
and  has  500  inhabitants. 

CbtJIer,  a  pod  town  of  Kennebeck  co. 
l^aine,  693  miles  N  E  of  Wafliington. 

Cbejlerfeld_  a  townfhip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Mafiachufetts,  14  miles  W  of  Northamp- 
ton. It  contains  180  houfes,  and  1333 
inhabitants. 

Chef  trf  eld,  a  port  town  in  Chefhire  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut R.  having  Wenmoreland  N,  and 
Hinfdale  S.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 75  a, 
9Ad  coptaias  21 6x  inhabitants,     It  lies 


CHE 

about  iS  tailes  S  by  W  of  CharlefUw*, 
and  about  90  or  too  W  of  Portfmoutfi. 
About  the  year  1730,  the  jjarrifon  of  fort 
Dummer  was  alarmed  with  frequent  ex- 
plofions,  and  with  columns  of  fire  and 
fmoke  emitted  from  Weft  river  mountain, 
in  this  townfliip,  and  4  miles  diftant  from 
that  fort.  The  like  appearances  have 
been  qbferved  at  various  times  fince ;  par- 
ticularly one  in  i7ja,>was  the  moft  fevere 
of  any.  There  are  tyro  places,  where  the 
rocks  bear  marks  of  having  been  heated 
and  calcined. 

Chefleijield,  a  diftrift  in  S.  Carolina,  oq 
the  N.  Carolina  line.  It  is  about  30  miles 
;long,  and  39  broad. 

CbeJ}erJ!eld  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  between 
James  and  Appamatox  rivers.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  35  broad ;  and  contains 
6636  free  inhabitants,  and  7852  flaves. 

Cbefierjield  Inlet,  on  the  W  fide  of  Hud- 
ion  bay,  in  New  South  Wales,  upwards 
of  200  miles  in  length,  and  from  10  to  30 
in  breadth ;  full  of  iflands. 

Cbeferjield,  a  town  in  Efiex  co.  N.  York, 
N  of  Willlborough,on  the  W  bank  of  L. 
Champlain. 

Cheferfeld,  a  poft  town,  of  Caroline  ca 
Virginia,  1,0  z  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cbejteritnvn,  a  pad  town  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Kent  cp.  Maryland,  on  the  W  fide 
of  Cheder  R.  1 6  miles  S  W  of  Georgetown, 
38  £  by  S  from  Baltiniiore,  and  81  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  140  houf- 
es, a  church,  college,  conprt  houfe,  and  gao]. 
The  college  was  incorporated  in  1782,  by 
the  name  of  WaJhingtoHf  It  is  under  th^ 
diredtion  of  24  Trudees,  who  are  empow- 
ered to  fupply  vacancies  and  hold  edates, 
whofe  yearly  value  fliall  not  exceed£.6oo9 
currency.  In  1787,  it  had  a  permanent  fund 
of  £.1250  a  year  fettled  upon  it  by  law, 
N  lat.  39  la,  W  ion.  75  j 7. 

Cbetlmacbas.  The  Chetimachas  fork  is 
an  outlet  of  Miififippi  R.  in  Louifiana, 
about  30  leagues  above  New  Orleans,  and 
after  running  in  a  foutherly  dire(flion 
about  8  leagues  from  that  river,  divides 
into  two  branches,  one  of  which  runs  S 
wederly,  and  the  other  S  eaderly,  to  the 
didance  of  7  leagues,  when  they  both 
empty  their  waters  into  the  Mexican  gulf. 
On  the  Chetimachas,  6  leagues  from  the 
Midifippi,  there  is  a  fettlement  of  Indians 
of  the  fame  name ;  and  thus  far  it  is  uni- 
formly 100  yards  broad,  and  from  a  to  4 
fathoms  deep,  when  the  water  is  lowed. 
Some  drifted  logs  have  formed  a  flioal  af 
its  mouth  on  the  Miflifippi ;  but  as  th^ 
^ater  i^  deep  under  them,  they  could  be 


GHI 


crnr 


•itiiry  removed  ;  and  the  Indians  fay  there 
is  nothing  to  impede  navigation  ftom  their 
village  to  the  gulf.  The  banks  are  more 
devated  than  thofe  of  the  Miffifippi,  and 
in  fome  placer  are  fo  high  as  never  to  be 
overflowed.  The  natural  productions 
are  the  fame  as  on  the  MlfTidppi,  but  the 
foil,  from-  the  extraordinary  fize  and  coiH- 
paAnefs  of  the  canes,  is  fuperior.  If 
meafures  were  adopted  and  purfued  with 
a  view  to  improve  this  commnnication,- 
there  would  foon  be,  on  its  hanks>  the 
mod  profperousand  important  fettlements 
in  that  colony. 

Chetimacbas,  Grand  Late  cf,  in  Louifiana, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  MilBfippi,  is  24 
miles  long,  and  9  broad.  Lake  de  Portage,- 
which  is  13  miles  long,  and  i^  broad, 
communicates  with  this  lake  at  the  north- 
em  end,  by  a  ftrait  ^  of  a  mile  wide.  The 
country  bordering  on  thcfe  lakes,  is  low 
and  flat,  timbered  with  cyprefs,  live  and 
other  kinds  of  oak  ;  and  on  the  eaflern 
fide,  the  land  between  it  and  the  Chafai- 
aya  R.  is-divided  by  innumerable  ftreams, 
which  occafion  as  many  iflands.  Some  of 
thefe  dreams  are  navigable.  A  little  dif- 
tance  from  the  S  eadern  (liore  of  the  lake 
Chetimachas,  is  an  Ifland  where  perfons 
pafling  that  way  generally  halt  as  a  refl- 
ing  place.  Nearly  oppoflte  this  ifland, 
there  is  an  opening  which  leads  to  the  fea. 
h  is  about  150  yards  wide,  and  has  16  er 
17  fathom  water. 

Cbetienbam,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  680  inhabitants. 

Chiametlan,  a  maritime  province  of 
Mexico,  in  N.  America,  with  a  town  of 
the  fame  name,  faid  to  be  3  7  leagues  either 
way.  from  N  to  S,  or  from  £  to  W.  It  is 
▼ery  fertile,  contains  mines  of  iilver,  and 
produces  a  great  deal  of  honey  and  wax. 
The  native  Indians  are  well  made  and 
warlike.  The  river  St.  Jago  empties  into 
the  fea  here,  N  W  from  the  point  of  St. 
Bias.    The  chief  town  is  St.  Sebaftian. 

Cbiapa,  a  river  and  inland  province  of 
Mexico  or  New  Spain,  in  the  audience  of 
Mexico.  This  province  is  bounded  by 
Tabafco  on  the  N,  by  Yucatan  N  E,  by 
Soconufco  S  E,  and  by  Vera  Paz  on  the 
E.  It  is  85  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and 
about  30  where  narrowed,  but  fome  parts 
are  near  100  It  abounds  with  great 
woods  of  pine,  cyprefs,  cedar,  oak,  wal- 
aut.wood  vines,  aromatic  gums,  balfams, 
liquid  amber,  tacamahaca,  copal,  and  oth- 
ers, that  yield  pure  and  fovereign  balfams; 
»lfo  with  corn,  cocoa,  cotton  and  wild  co- 
chineal, pears,  apples,  quinces,  &c.    Here 


th^y  have  achiotte,  which  th6  natirei  mix* 
with  their  chocolate  to  give  it  a  bright 
colour.  Chiapa  abounds  with  cattle  of  all 
forts  ;  it  is  famous  for  a  fine  breed  of  horf- 
es,  fo  valuable,  that  they  fend  their  colt* 
to  Mexico,  though  500  miles  off.  Beads 
of  prey  are  here  in  abundance,  with  fox- 
es, rabbits,  and  wild  hogs.  In  this  prov- 
ince there  is  variety  of  fnakes,  particular- 
ly in  the  hilly  parts,  fome  of  which  are 
faid  to  be  30  f cet  long,  others  of  a  curi- 
ous red  cdour,  and  drcaked  with  white 
and  black,  which  the  Indians  tame,  and 
even  put  them  about  ttieir  necks.  Here 
are  two  principal  towns  called  Chiapa. 
The'  Chiapefe  are  of  a  fait  complexion, 
courteous,  great  maders  of  mufic,  painting 
and  mechanics,  and  obedient  to  their  fu- 
periors.  The-principal river isthatof Chi- 
apa, which,  running  from  the  H;  througii. 
the  country  of  the  Quelenes,  at  lad  falls 
into  the  fea  at  Tabafco.  It  is  well  water-^ 
cd ;  and  by  means  of  Chiapa  R.  they  car- 
ry on  a  pretty  brlflc  trade  with  the  ncigh- 
boui'ing  provmces,  wliich  chiefly  confids. 
in  cochineal  and  filk ;  in  which  lad  com- 
modity the  Indians  employ  their  wives  for 
making  handkerchiefs  of  all  colours,  whicit 
arc  bought  up  by  the  Spaniards  and  fent 
to  Europe.  Though  the  Spaniatds  reckon 
this  one  of  their  poored  provinces  in  A- 
merlca,  as  having  no  mines  or  fand  of 
gold,  nor  any  harbour  on  the  S  Sea,  yet 
in  iizc  it  is  inferior  to  none  but  Gautima- 
la.  Befide,  it  is  a  place  of  great  import- 
ance to  the  Spaniards,  becaufe  the  dreugth. 
of  all  their  empire  in  America  depends  on. 
it ;  and  into  it  is  an  eafy  entrance  by  the. 
river  Tabafco,  Puerto  Real,  and  its  vi- 
cinity to  Yucatan. 

Chiapa,  the  name  of  two  towns  int  he 
above  province  ;  the  one  is  fometime» 
called  Cividad  Real,  or  the  Royal  city,  an'', 
the  other  Chiapa  de  los  Indos,  inhaVli.ea  by 
Spaniards.  Cividad  Real  is  a  b '  <^  op's  fee, 
and  the  feat  of  the  judicial  c>  \^rts.  It  is 
delightfully  fituated  on  a  plai .  furrounded 
with  mountains,  and  ahnod  equally  diflant 
from  the  North  and  South  Seas,  and  100 
leagues  N  W  from  Guatimala.  T!ie  bifli- 
op's  revenue  is  8000  ducats  a  year.  The 
place  is  neither  populous  nor  rich ;  and 
the  Spanifli  gentry  here  are  become  a 
proverb  on  account  of  their  pride,  igno- 
rance, and  poverty.  It  has  feveral  mon- 
aderies  ;  and  the  cathedral  is  an  elegant 
drudture.  This  city  is  governed  by  mag- 
idrates  chofen  amongd  the  burgefles  of 
the  town,  by  a  particular  privilege  granted 
them  by  the  king  of  Spain.    NIat.  17,  W 


m 


m 


m 

i 


iiv 


cm 

W  9<!  40.  The  other  town,  called  CHapa 
de  tot  Iiidiu,  that  it,  at  belonging  to  the  la- 
dian*,  is  the  largeft  they  have  in  this  coun- 
try, and  lies  in  a  valley  near  the  river  Ta> 
bafco,  which  abounds  with  fifli,  and  is 
about  1 2  leagues  N  W  of  Chiapa,  or  Civi- 
dad  ReaL  The  celebrated  Bartholomew 
de  las  Cafas,  the  friend  of  mankind,  was 
the  firfl  bi(hop  of  Chiapa  ;  and  having 
complained  to  the  court  of  Madrid  of  the 
cruelties  of  the  Spaniards  here,  procured 
the  people  great  privileges,  and  etcmption 
from  (lavery.  This  is  a  very  large  and 
rich  place,  with  many  cIoi(ters  and  church- 
es in  it,  and  no  town  has  fo  many  Dont  of 
Indian  blood  at  this  Chiapa.  On  the  river 
they  have  feveral  boats,  in  which  they 
often  exhibit  fea  fights  and  fieget.  In  the 
tavlrons  are  feveral  farmi  well  flocked 
^th  cattle,  and  forae  fugar  plantationi. 
IVheat  is  brought  here  from  the  Spanifli 
Chiapa,  and  of  it  they  make  hard  bifcuit, 
which  the  poorer  Spaniardt  and  Indians 
carry  about  and  exchange  for  cotton  wool, 
ttr  fuch  little  things  at  they  want.  There 
are  about  ao,ooo  Indiant  m  this  town. 

Cbieapee,  or  Cbickabee,  a  fmall  river  in 
MafTachufetts.  The  principal  branches  of 
which  rife  in  Rutland  and  Leicefler,  unit- 
ing in  the  E  part  of  Brookfield,  the  ftream 
funs  into  Quaboag  pond,  ifluing  thence  it 
tmitet  with  Ware  nver,  and  6  miles  after 
empties  into  the  ConneAicut  at  Springfield. 

Chiecamoftga,  a  large  creek  which  runt 
N  wefterlv  into  Teneiree  river.  Its 
mouth  is  6  milet  above  the  Whirl,  and 
about  27  S  Wfpom  the  mouth  of  the  Hi- 
wafTee.  N  lat  35  18.  The  Chircamogga 
Indian  towns  lie  on  thit  creek  and  on  the 
bank  of  the  Tenefliee.    See  Cbkiamagts. 

Chiehejhr,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania,  the 
firft  containing  385,  the  other  52a  inhab- 
itants. 

Chicbefier,  a  fmall  towndiip  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  N.  Hampfhire,  about  35  miles  N 
W  of  Exeter,  and  45  from  Portfmouth. 
It  lies  on  Stmcook  R  was  incorporated  in 
Z727,  and  contains  77.^  inhabitants. 

Cb'tchabominy,  a  fmall  navigable  river  in 
yirginia.  At  its  mouth  in  James  river, 
37  miles  from  Point  Comfort,  in  Chefa- 
peak  bay,  is  a  bar,  on  which  is  only  12 
feet  water  at  common  flood  tide.  Veflels 
paiGng  that,  may  go  8  miles  up  the  river ; 
thofe  of  10  feet  draught  12  miles ;  and 
TefTels  of  6  tons  burden  may  go  32  milet 
tip  the  riven 

Cbiciamaeomleo  Creek,  in  Dorchefler  co. 
Maryland,   runs  fouthetly  between  the 


cfeii 

towns  of  Middletown  and  Vienna,  |ii4 
empties  into  Filhing  bay. 
^  Ciitiamaga,  a  part  of  the  Cherokee  na^ 
tion  of  Indiant,  known  by  thit  name,  in- 
habit 5  villaget  on  TcnelTce  river.  Set 
Cbiecamogva, 

Cbtekafatu  Stuff,  is  on  the  eaftem  bank  of 
the  MilOrippi,  within  the  territory  of 
the  United  States,  in  N  lat.  is.  The  Span'< 
iardt  eredtedhere  a  Arong,  ftockaded  fort« 
with  cannon,  and  furnilhed  it  with  troopi, 
all  in  the  fpace  of  24  hourt,  in  the  month 
of  June,  1 7  95 .  It  h:i8  fince  been  given  up 
according  to  the  treaty  of  1 796. 

Cbiehafatu,  a  creck  which  fallt  into  the 
Wabaib  from  the  £,  a  little  below  PoA  St. 
Vincent. 

Cbukafaw,  a  river  Which  empties  into 
the  Miflirippi,  on  the  £  fide,  104  milet  I| 
from  the  mouth  of  Margot,  and  67  S  W 
of  Mine  au  fer.  The  landt  here  are  of  aa 
excellent  quality,  and  covered  with  a  va' 
riety  of  ufeful  timber,  canes,  &c.  Thie 
river  may  be  afcended  during  high  floods 
upwards  of  30  miles  with  boato  of  feveral 
tpns  burden. 

Cbiciafawt,  a  famous  nation  of  Indians, 
who  inhabit  the  country  on  the  £  fide  of 
the  Miflifippi,  on  the  head  branches  of 
the  Tombigbee,  Mobile  and  Yazoo  rivers, 
in  the  N  W  corner  of  the  ftate  of  Georgia* 
and  N  of  the  country  of  the  Chodlaws. 
Their  country  is  an  extenfive  plain,  toler- 
ably well  watered  from  fprings,  and  of  a 
pretty  good  foil.  They  have  7  towns,  th4( 
central  one  of  which  is  in  N  lat,  34  23,  W 
Ion.  89  3a  The  number  of  fouls  in  this 
nation  has  been  formerly  reckoned  at 
1725,  of  which  SIS  Were  fighting  men. 
There  are  fome  negroes  among  the  Chicko 
afaw8,,who  either  were  taken  captive  in 
war,  or  ran  away  from  their  mafters,  and 
fought  fafety  among  the  Indians.  Their 
origin  as  given  to  a  late  Millionary,  Mr. 
BuUen,  is  this :  »  We  are  only  a  family 
from  a  great,  rich  nation,  towards  the  fet- 
ting  fun,  as  far  as  Indians  travel  in  two 
moons ;  our  fathers  dreamed  that  towards 
the  rifingfunwasthe  land  of  life ;  thefepeo- 
ple  know  more  than  Indians,andareabove 
want ;  from  tliem  our  poft-jrity  will  learn 
good  things.  Our  fathers  then  travelled^ 
came  here ;  this  i»  the  land  of  life.  Our 
great  Father's  -uibitf  children,  know  more 
than  Indians ;  Chickafaws  not  hurt  any  of 
them.  Bye  and  bye  we  learn  of  them  thinge 
m;ike  us  glad."  This  agrees  with  the  hif« 
tory  of  their  conduct;  other  accounts 
fay  they  glory  in  having  never  iflicf!  the 
blood  of  aa  JGngUihAaierican ;  that  they 

have 


CHI 


CHI 


)i&ve  merited  more  from  the  United'Statei 
khan  all  the  other  Indian  tribes.  Like 
other  ravages  they  believe  in  witchcraft  ; 
every  man  has  as  many  wives  as  he  pleaf- 
es ;  their  connedtion  is  onlv  during  the 
plealure  of  the  parties ;  the  cnildren  when 
the  parents  feparate  belong  to  the  mother. 
A  Chickafaw  beau  is  loaded  with  orna« 
ments,and  covered  with  various  paintings, 
with  a  lookioe  glafs  in  his  pocket,  or  fuf- 
pended  by  his  tide.  They  have  lately 
given  a  kind  reception  to  a  Chriftian 
Mifllonary  from  N.  York,  and  it  may  be 
hoped  that  foon  morals  and  the  (late  of 
fociety  will  be  improved  among  them. 
They  have  fields  well  cultivated,  plenty 
of  cows,  horfes,  hogs,  and  corn.  Num- 
bers of  white  people  have  fettled  in  their 
neighbourhooa,over  whom  our  agent  with 
the  Indians  suSts  as  magiflrate.  In  one  of 
their  towns  is  a  pofl  office.  In  1539,  Fer- 
dinand de  Soto,  with  900  men,  belide  fea- 
men,  failed  from  Cuba  with  a  defign  to 
conquer  Florida.  He  travelled  northward 
to  the  Chickafaw  country,  about  lat.  35  or 
36 ;  and  3  years  after  died,  and  was  buri- 
ed on  the  bank  of  MifTilippi  river. 

Cbhomuzelo,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  New  Spain,  having  a  cave  very 
narrow  at  the  entry,  but  fpacious  within, 
with  a  (lagnant  lake,  which  is,  however, 
clear,  and  is  a  fathoms  deep  towards  the 
banks. 

Cbihemeeomet  IJlandy  or  ChfclminoclcumU 
tack,  on  the  coalt  of  N.  Carolina,  lies  be- 
tween Roanoke  ifland  and  the  northern 
entrance  into  Pamlico  found. 

Cbihohoeii,  an  Indian  nation  who  were 
confederates  of  the  Lenopi  or  Delawares, 
and  inhabited  the  weflern  bank  of  Dela- 
ware R.  which  was  anciently  called  by 
their  name.  Their  fouthera  boundary 
was  Duck  creek,  in  Newcadle  co 

Cbiiago  R.  empties  into  the  S  W  end  of 
lake  Michigan,  where  a  fort  formerly  (lood. 
Here  the  Indians  have  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  a  tradl 
of  land  6  miles  fquare. 

CbigneSlo  Channel,  the  N  weftern  arm  of 
tlie  bay  of  Fundy,  into  which  Petitcodiac 
R.  falls.  The  fprlng  tides  rife  here  60  feet. 

CbilapaH,  a  town  in  N.  Spain,  in  the 
country  of  the  Cohuixcas.  Between  this 
and  Tcoiltylan  is  an  entire  mountain  of 
loadflone. 

Cbilca,  a  town  in  the  jurifditSkion  of  Ca- 
nette  in  Peru,  S.  America,  celebrated  for 
its  excellent  faltpetre,  of  which  gim  pow* 
der  is  made  in  the  metropolis.  It  abounds 
with  plenty  of  fifh,  fruits,  pulfe,  and  poul- 
Vot.  I,  K 


try,  In  which  it  carries  on  a  very  confider- 
able  trade  with  Llm»,  10  leagues  diftant. 
Slat,  ta  31,  W Ion.  765. 

Cbile/hury,  a  nod  town  in  Caroline  co* 
Virginia,  90  miles  from  Wnfliingtoii. 

Cbiii,  in  S.  America,  is  bounded  by  Peru, 
on  the  N ;  by  Paraguay  or  La  Plata,  on 
the  E  ;  by  Patagonia,  on  the  S ;  and  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  W.  It  is  in 
length  about  ia6o  miles,  in  breadth  580 ; 
between  aj  and  44  S  lat.  and  between  65 
and  85  W  Ion.  It  lies  on  both  lides  of  the 
Andes.  Chill  proper,  lies  on  the  W ;  and 
Cuyo  or  Cutio,  on  the  E.  The  principal 
towns  in  the  former,  are  St.  Jago  and  Bal- 
divia ;  in  the  latter,  St.  John  de  Frontiera. 
The  climate  of  Chili,  is  one  of  the  inoft 
delightful  in  the  world,  being  a  medium 
between  the  intenfe  heats  of  the  torrid, 
and  the  piercing  colds  of  the  frigid  zones. 
Along  the  coaft  tff  the  Pacific  ocean,they  en- 
joy a  fine  temperate  air,  and  a  clear  ferene 
fky,  mod  part  of  the  year  ;  but  fometimcs 
the  winds  that  blow  from  the  mountains, 
in  winter,  are  exceedingly  fharp.  There 
are  few  places  in  this  extenfive  country, 
where  the  foil  is  not  exuberantly  rich ; 
and  were  its  natural  advantages  fecondcd 
by  the  indudry  of  the  inhabitants,  Chili 
would  be  the  mod  opulent  kingdom  in 
America.  The  horfes  and  mules  of  Chili, 
are  in  great  edeem,  particularly  the  form- 
er. Prodigious  numbers  of  oxen,  goats 
and  flieep,  are  fattened  in  the  luxuriant 
padiires  ofChili,and  indeed  this  is  the  only 
part  of  huibandry  to  which  the  inhabitants 
pay  any  confiderable  attention.  An  ox 
well  fattened  may  be  piirchafed,  for  four 
dollars.  Turkeys,  geefe,  and  all  kinds  of 
poultry,  are  found  here  in  the  fame  pro- 
fulion.  The  coads  abound  with  many  ex- 
cellent fifli ;  there  are  alfo  vad  numbers  of 
whales  and  fea  wolves.  The  foil  produces 
Indian  and  European  corn,  hemp,  grapes, 
and  all  other  fruits.  The  European  Iruit 
ttees  are  obliged  to  be  propped  to  enable 
them  to  fuftain  the  weight  of  tiie  fruit. 
Orange  trees  are  in  bloom  and  bear  fruit 
throughout  the  year.  Olives  alfo,  and 
almond  trees,  thrive  exceedingly  well;  and 
the  inhabitants  prtfs  a  kind  of  mufcadine 
wine  from  the  grapes,  which  far  exceeds 
any  of  the  kind  made  in  Spain.  Mines 
of  gold,  filvcr,  copper,  tin,  quickfd  ver,  iron 
and  led,  abound  in  this  country.  Vad 
quantities  of  gold  are  waflied  down  from 
the  mountains  by  bi  ooks  and  torrents;  the 
annual  amount  of  which  when  manufac- 
tured, is  «dimated  at  no  Icfs  than  8co,ooo 
dollars.  Chili  has  always  had  commer- 
cial 


y 


CHI 


CHI 


c!h1  conncdUont  with  the  nctghbourmglii* 
dians  on  its  frontiers,  with  Peru  and  Para- 
gun.  The  Indians,  in  their  tranfadtions, 
are  found  to  be  perfe<5lly  honcfl.  Chili 
fitpplies  Peru  with  hides,  dried  fruit,  cop- 
per, fait  meat,  horfes,  hemp,  and  corn ; 
and  receives  in  exchange,  tobacco,  Aigar, 
cocoa,  earthen  ware,  fome  manufatfturcs 
made  at  Quito,  and  fome  articles  of  luxury 
brought  from  Europe.  To  Paraguay  die 
fends  wine,  brandy,  oil,  and  chiefly  gold  ; 
and  receives  in  payment,  mule«,  wax,  cot- 
ton, the  herb  of  Paraguay,  negroes,  &c. 
The  commerce  between  the  two  colonies 
is  not  carried  on  by  fca ;  it  hath  been 
found  more  expeditious,  fafer,  and  even 
lefs  cxpendve,  to  go  by  land,  though  it  is 
354  leagues  from  St.  Jago  to  Buenos  Ay- 
res,  and  more  than  40  leagues  of  the  Wiiy 
arc  amidfl  the  fnows  and  precipices  of  the 
Cordilleras.  The  Indians  in  this  country 
are  flill  in  a  great  meafurc  unconquercd  ; 
they  live  fcattercd  in  the  deferts  and  for- 
efls,  and  it  is  impoHible  to  afcertain  their 
numbers.  Thofc  Indians,  which  are  not 
fubjet^  to  the  Spanlfh  yoke,  are  very 
honeft  in  their  commercial  tranfaiflions  ; 
but  like  almod  all  other  Indians,  they  are 
very  fond  of  fpirituous  liquors.  They  live 
in  fmall  huts,  which  they  build  in  the 
courfc  of  a  day  or  two  at  fartheft ;  and 
which  they  abandon  when  hard  puflied 
by  an  enemy.  They  are  brave  and  war- 
]tke,and  all  theattemptsof  the-Spaniardsto 
fubduc  them  have  proved  inefleiflual.  It 
is  almod  equally  difficult  to  afcertain  the 
number  of  Spaniards  in  Chili.  The  Abbe 
Raynal  fays,  there  are  40,000  in  the  city 
of  St.  Jago  ;  if  this  be  true,  the  aggregate 
number  in  all  the  provmces  of  Chili  muft 
be  more  confiderablc  than  has  been  gen- 
erally fuppofed.  St.  Ja£0  is  the  capital  t»f 
this  country,  and  the  feat  of  government. 
The  commandant  there  is  fubordinate  to 
the  Viceroy  of  Peru,  in  all  matters  relating 
to  the  government,  to  the  finances,  and  to 
war ;  but  he  is  independent  of  him  as 
chief  adminiflrator  of  juflice,and  preiident 
of  the  royal  audiance.  Eleven  inferior 
officers,  diftributed  in  the  province,  are 
charged,  under  hi'ii  orders,  with  the  de- 
tails of  admihifh-atibn.  This  country  was 
fird  difcovered  by  Don  Diego  d'Alm:igro, 
in  i5»5- 

Cbilbowee  Mountain,  in  the  foutheaftern 
part  of  the  ftate  of  Teneflee,  and  between 
it  and  the  Cherokee  country. 

Ctm/yuaque,  a  townfhip'on  Sufquehanna 
K.  in  Pcnnlylvania. 

CkiUaknthf,  an  Indian  town  on  the  Great 


Miami,  which  was  deftrnyed  In  1 781  by  > 
body  of  militia  from  Kentucky.  Gen. 
Harmar  fuppofes  this  to  be  the  "  Englilli 
Tawixtwi,"  in  Hutchins's  map.  Here  are 
the  ruins  of  an  old  fort ;  and  on  both  fidei 
of  the  river  are  extenfive  meadows.  I'his 
name  is  applied  to  many  different  places, 
in  hone—  of  an  influential  chief,  wlio  for- 
merly headed  the  Shawanoes.  See  Tuwixi- 
tivi. 

Cbillahibe,  Oiif,  is  an  Indian  town  dfr 
(Iroycd  by  the  forces  of  the  U.  8.  in  1780. 
It  lirs  about  3  miles  S  of  Little  Mianri 
R.  The  country  in  its  vicinity  is  of  a  rich 
foil,  and  is  beautifully  chequered  with 
meadows. 

Cbilmartf  a  townfhip  OB  Martha't 
Vineyard  I.  Duke's  co.  MafTachufetts, 
containing  8co  inhabitants.  It  lies  90 
miles  S  by  E  of  Boftoa  Sec  Martbat 
Vineyard,. 

Chilott  a  conliderable  ifland  of  Chili,  3. 
America,  the  S  part  of  which  is  divided 
from  the  continent  by  a  narrow  fea,  and 
the  continent  there  forms  a  bay  ;  it  is 
iTtuatcd  between  49  and  44,of  S  lat.  being 
about  ijo  miles  in  length  and  zi  in 
breadth.  The  illand  prodiKcs  all  neccf- 
fary  proviiions,  excepting  wine,  and  quan- 
tities of  ambergris  are  found  on  the  coafh 
It  has  an  iudiflTerent  fort  called  Chacao. 
Caftro,  the  chief  town,  Aands  between 
two  brooks,  with  afmall  cadle  which  com- 
mands the  harbour.  It  has  no  other  de- 
fence, and  the  houfes  are  few  and  fcat- 
tercd. 

Chllloat,  ajurifdidlion  in  the  biHiopricli: 
of  Truxillo,  in  S  America. 

Cbilques,  a  jurifdidlion  of  S.  America,  in 
Peru,  fubje<a  to  the  bifhop  of  Cufco,  8 
leagues  S  E  from  that  city.  Its  commerce 
condds  in  woollen  manufadl:urcs,  grain  of 
all  kinds,  cows,  iheep,  &c. 

Chimlo,  a  juriididtion  in  the  province 
of  Zinto,  iu  S.  America,  in  the  torrid 
zone.  The  capital  is  alfo  called  by  the 
fame  name. 

Chimborazoy\at\\t:  province  of  Quito,  is 
the  higheft  point  of  the  Andes,  and  the 
highed  mountain  as  yet  known  in  th« 
world ;  being,  according  to  Condamine, 
19,200  feet  V  according  to  others,  ao,6o3 
feet,  above  the  level  of  the  fea.  It  lies 
nearly  under  the  line,  being  in  i  41  40, 
S  lat.  yet  its  tops  are  covered  with  ics 
and  fnow,  and  by  the  winds  which  blow 
Trom  it,  the  country  adjacent  is  oftca 
pierced  with  intolerable  cold. 

Chinca,  a  large  and  pleafant  valley  in 
ihe  dioccfo*  uf  Lima,  ia  Peru.    Pizarro 

dcllre4 


CHO 


CHO 


valley  «a 
Pizarro 


4eftred  the  king  of  Spain  that  this  might 
be  the  limits  of  his  government  on  the 
S,  and  that  the  river  St.  Jago  fliuuld  hound 
it  on  the  N.  The  valley  neart  good  wheat, 
and  SpaniHi  vines  thrive  well  in  it. 

CLiiuatotj,  a  lake  in  Peru,  in  the  town 
of  Cuanuca. 

Chipawai,     Sec  Chepatvat. 

Cbippaiua,  an  inconliderahle  place  near 
the  falls  of  Niagara,  lo  miles  from  Quceuf- 
town. 

CLippatva  Creei,  a  dream  which  empties 
itfelf  into  Niagara  R.  i^  mile  above  the 
falls,  it  is  a  fin«  canal  without  falls  40 
miles  in  length.  It  has  its  name  from  the 
Indians,  who  once  inhabited  its  banks. 
Here  is  a  garrifon,  a  few  (lores,  and  fev- 
cral  houfes. 

Chipffwa  X,  runs  S  weftward  into  Mifll- 
fippi  R.  in  that  part  where  the  confluent 
waters  form  lake  Pepin,  in  N  lat.  44,  W 
Ion.  93  54. 

Cbiragmv.     See  PUin  riven 

Clipl,  a  fort  in  the  (lat«  of  Tenoflee, 
34  mdes  front  Enelifh  ferry,  on  New  riv- 
er; 43  from  Abingdon^  and  107  from 
Long  idand,  on  HolTtun. 

ChitttHdem  Co.  in  Vermont,  lies  on  lake 
Champlain,  between  Franklin  co.  on  the 
N,  and  Addifon  S ;  La  Moill«  river  pafles 
through  its  N  W  corner,  and  Onion  river 
divides  it  nearly  in  the  center.  Its  ehief 
town  is  Burlington.  It  contains  13,778 
inhabitants. 

Chittendtn,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  contains  327  inliabitants.  The 
road  over  the  mountain  pafles  through 
this  townfliip.  It  lies  7  miles  £  from  the 
fort  on  Otter  creek,  in  Pittsford,  and  about 
60  N  by  £  from  Bennington. 

CbitttHeitgo  or  Canaferage,  a  confiderable 
ftream  wliich  runs  northerly  into  Lake 
Oneida. 

Chocolate  Creei,  a  head  water  of  Tioga  R. 
in  N.  York,  whole  mouth  is  10  miles  8  W 
of  the  Painted  Polt 

Cbocolococa,  which  the  Spaniards  call 
Caftro  Virreyna,a  town  of  Peru,6o  leagues 
S  eadward  of  Lima,  is  very  famous  for  its 
filver  mines,  which  are  at  the  top  of  a 
great  mountain,  always  covered  \vith 
fnow,  and  but  a  leagues  from  tlte  town. 
The  ftones  of  the  mine  are  of  a  dark  blue 
colour ;  thefe  being  calcined  and  pow- 
dered, then  deeped  in  water  and  quickiil- 
ver,  the  filth  is  feparated  and  the  filvcr 
melted  and  formed  into  bars,  iphefe  veins 
^re  not  very  rich,  but  the  metal  is  very 
$ne.  They  make  plenty  of  wine  here, 
lKh(jre.  it  attains  a  greater  degree  of  pcr- 


feAion,  owing  to  the  purenefs  of  the  air, 
than  it  is  obierve  1  to  have  ellewhere. 

CLuept,  a  town  in  tlie  jurifdietion  of 
Truxillo,  in  8.  America,  in  Peru;  14 
leagues  fouthward  of  St.  Pedro.  1  ierc  arc 
about  90  or  100  houfes,  and  about  60  or 
70  families,  chiefly  Spaniards,  with  Ibmc 
of  the  other  calls,  but  not  above  3,{  In- 
dian families.  It  has  a  church  built  uf 
brick,  both  large  and  decent.  1  he  peo- 
ple here  mention  a  rain  that  fell  in  1726, 
which  laded  40  nights,  beginning  condant- 
ly  at  4  or  5  in  the  evening,  suid  coating  at 
the  lame  hour  next  morning,  which  laid 
mod  of  the  houfes  in  ruins.     S  lat.  7  46. 

CLecoriia,  a  mountain  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hamplliirc,  on  the  N  line  of  Straflbrd  co. 
N  of  Tamworth. 

Cbocuito,  or  rather  Chucuho,  or  Titi  Cuea, 
a  large  lako  near  Paria,  in  S.  America, 
and  in  Peru,  into  which  a  great  number 
of  rivers  empty  themfelves.  It  is  340 
miles  in  circumference,  and  in  fome  parts 
80  fathoms  deep ;  yet  the  water  cannot 
be  drank,  it  is  fo  very  turbid.  It  abounds 
in  fifli,  which  they  dry  and  fait,  and  ex- 
change with  the  neighbouring  province* 
for  brandy,  wines,  meal,  or  money.  P  is 
faid  the  ancient  Yncas,  on  the  conqued  of 
Peru,  by  the  Spaniards  threw  into  thia 
lake,  all  their  riches  of  gold  and  diver.  It 
was  this  lake  into  which  the  Ynca  Huana 
Capae,  threw  the  famous  chain  of  gold, 
the  value  of  which  was  immenfe.  It  a- 
bounds  with  flags  and  ruflies,  of  which 
Capac  Vupanclii,  the  fifth  Ynca,  built  a 
bridge,  far  tranfporting  his  army  to  the 
other  fide. 

Cboi/eui  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coad  of  the 
iflands  of  theArfacidcs,Wof  PortPraflin, 
The  inhabitants  on  this  bay,  like  thofe  at. 
Port  Prallin,  have  a  cudom  of  powdering 
their  hair  with  lime,  which  burns  it  and 
gives  it  a  red  appearance. 

Cliopj,  The,  in  Kannebeck  river,  3  miles, 
above  •Swan  liland. 

CboptanL,  a  large  navigable  river  of  the 
eadern  fliore  of  Maryland,  emptying  into 
Chcl'apeak  bay 

Choivan  Co.  in  Edsnton  didri<ft,  N.  Car- 
olina, on  the  N  dde  of  Albemarle  found.  ^ 
It   contains  3730  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1 760  are  flaves.    Chiof  town,  Edenton. 

Cheiuan  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  falls  into  the- 
N  W  corner  of  Albemarle  found.  It  is  j: 
miles  wide  at  the  mouth,  but  narrows  fad 
as  you  afcend  it.  It  is  formed  5  miles  from 
the  Virginia  line,  by  the  confluence  of 
Meherrin,  Nottaway,  and  Black  rivers, 


which  all  rife  in  Virginia, 


Chrljl, 


CHR 


CHU 


i  u 


CfirlJI  CfiurdtB  parifli  in  Chnrledon  dtf- 
trict,  S.  Carolina,  containing  40J4  inhab- 
itant:4,  of  wliom  449  arc  whites  3585 
ilavei. 

CI  rifHiW,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
3,)i8  iniuibitantii.  At  the  court  huufe  is 
a  pod  oflicc,  816  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cbrijliana  BrUgf,  a  poll  ti)\v  n  in  New» 
canic  CO.  Delaware,  i»  lituated  on  a  nav- 
i;;ab!c  creek  of  its  name,  1 1  mile$  from 
KIkton,  9  S  W  of  Wilmington,  and  .17  S 
W  of  Philadelphia.  The  to»vn,  couiilUng 
of  about  $0  houibs,  and  a  Prelbvterian 
church,  Hands  on  a  dcchvity  which  com- 
mands a  pleaCiiiit  prol'petfk  of  the  country 
toward*  the  Delaware.  It  carriei*  on  a 
Lriflt  trade  with  Pliiladclphia  in  flour.  It 
is  the  greatefl  carrying  place  between  the 
navigable  waters  of  the  Delaware  and 
Chel'apeak;  which  are  13  miles  afunder 
at  this  place.  It  was  built  by  the  Swedes, 
in  1 640,  and  thus  called  after  their  queen. 

CLrtfliatia  Criik,  on  which  the  above 
town  is  lituated,  falls  into  Delaware  R. 
from  the  S  W,  a  little  below  Wilmington. 
It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal  of  about  9 
miles  in  length,  in  a  S  weftern  diretStion 
from  this  creek,  at  the  town  of  Chrilliana 
(6  milc»  W  S  W  of  New  Caftle)  to  Elk  R. 
in  Maryland,  about  a  mile  below  Elkton. 
See  Deiavarf,  and  fVilniinglon. 

CbnJliana,St.  one  of  the  Marquefas  ides, 
called  by  the  natives  Waitahi),  lies  under 
the  fame  pari-allcl  with  St.  Pedro,  3  or  4 
leagues  more  tu  the  wcO.  Rcfolution 
bay,  near  the  middle  of  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland,  is  in  lat.  9  55  30  S,  Ion.  i^<)  8  40  W, 
from  Greenwich  ;  and  the  W  end  of  Dom- 
inica N  IJ  W.  Capt.  Cook  gave  this  bay 
the  name  of  his  fliip.  It  was  called  Port 
Madre  de  Dies  by  the  Spaniards.  This 
ifland  produces  cotton  of  a  fiH)erior  kind. 
A  fpccimen  of  it  is  depofited  in  the  mufe- 
um  of  the  MalT.  Hift.  Society. 

Chrijiianjhurgy  the  chief  town  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Virginia.  It  contains  very 
few  houfes ;  has  a  court  houfe  and  goal, 
lituated  near  a  branch  of  Little  R.  a  water 
of  the  Kanhaway.  It  is  478  miles  from 
Philadelphia.     N  lat.  375. 

CbrijIianfieJ,  the  principal  town  in  the 
ifland  of  Santa  Cruz,  lituated  on  the  N 
fide  of  the  ifland,  on  a  fine  harbour.  It  is 
the  refic'ience  of  the  Danilli  governor,  and 
is  defended  by  a  ftone  fortrefs. 

Cbrijhnnftiille,  a  port  town  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.  Virginia,  443  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

ChriftKiu  IJlatid,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  lies 
entirely  folitary,  nearly  equally  diftant 


from  the  .Sandwich  ifland*  on  tht  M,  %a\ 
the  Marqucfat  on  the  S.  It  wai  fo  aaned 
by  Cupt.  Cook,  on  account  of  his  /  ft 
landing  there,  on  Chriftniat  day.  Not  » 
drop  of  freth  water  was  found  by  digging. 
A  dtip  touching  at  this  defolate  ifle  mult, 
rxpctft  nothing  but  turtle,  fi(h,and  a  few 
birds.  It  i«  about  15  or  ao  league*  in  cir- 
cumference, and  Iwunded  by  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks,  on  the  W  fide  of  which  there 
i«  a  bank  of  fine  fand,  extending  a  mile 
into  the  fea,  and  afKtrding  good  aachorage. 
N  lat.  I  .59,  W  Ion.  IJ7  30. 

Chrijlmai  Sound,  in  Terra  del  Fuego,  S. 
America,  S  lat.  55  ai,  W  Ion.  69  57. 

Cbrijlofihert,  St.  an  illand  in  the  W.  Indict, 
belonging  to  G.  Britain,  commonly  called, 
by  the  Tailors,  St.  Kitts ;  by  the  ancient 
Indianij  Ay-ay  ;  and  by  the  Charaibes, 
Liamniga,or  the  fertile  ifland,  is  fituated 
in  N  lat.  1 7,  W  Ion.  6a ;  and  it  ao  miles 
long  and  7  broad,  containing  about  80 
fquare  miles.  It  was  difcovered  in  No* 
vember,  1493,  by  Colmbus  himfelf«  who 
was  fo  pleafed  with  its  appearance,  that  he 
honoured  it  with  his  own  chri(Han  name; 
but  it  was  qeither  planted  nor  poflelTcd 
by  the  Spaniards.  It  is  however  the  oldell 
of  all  the  Britifli  territories  in  the  W.  In- 
dies. In  1636,  it  was  fettled  by  the  French 
and  Englifli  conjointly ;  but  entirely  ceded 
to  the  latter  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht. 
Great  quantities  of  indigo  were  formerly 
I  r.-ufed  here.  In  1 7 70,  the  exports  amount- 
!  cd  to  above  j£.4T9,ooo  fterting,  in  fugar, 
nKjIafles,  and  rum ;  and  near  ;^.8ooo  iot 
cotton.  Befide  cotton,  ginger,  and  the 
tropical  fruits,!tprodiiced,m  1787,331,397 
cwt.  of  fugar,  and  in  1790,  but  about 
113,000  cwt.  It  is  computed  that  this 
ifland  contains  6coo  whites,  and  36,000. 
negroes.  In  February,  178a,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French,  but  reltored  to  Britain  by 
the  treaty  of  1783. 

Cbiimbi  Filcas,  a  jurifdiiflion  fubjcdl  to 
the  bifliop  of  Cufco,  in  Peru,  about  40 
leagues  from  that  city  ;  it  produces  corn, 
fruits,  large  pafiures  for  cattle,  and  mines 
of  gold  and  iilvcr. 

Cburcb  Creek  Town,  in  Dorchcfter  CO. 
Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  Church 
creek,  a  branch  of  Hudlbn  R.  7  miles  S 
vefterly  from  Cambridge. 

Cburcb  Hill,  a  village,  where  is  a  pofl 
oiTice,  in  Queen  Anne's  co.  Maryland ;  N 
W  of  Bridgetown,  and  N  E  of  CentrevilJe 
8  miles,  and  85  S  W  from  Philadelpliia. 
N  lat.  40  9,  W  Ion.  75  ,';2' 

Cburib  Hill  Fort,  iu  New  N.  Wales, 
Hards  at  the  mouth  of  Seii  R<  on  the  E 

iide 


ture  cotti 
thcmfeh 

Cine. 
ftate  of 
of  the  Of 
jngR, 


CIN 


CL  A 


icfter  CO. 
Church 
miles  S 


{UtofHucUun  bay  ;  lao  mile*  N  N  E  of 
York  Fort.     N  hit.  48  j8,  W  Ion.  94  ij. 

CLuribill  R.  in  New  S.  Wales,  run*  N 
filfleriy  into  the  W  iidoof  Hudl'oii  buy,  .-\t 
Church  Hill  Fort,  in  lat.  j8  J7  Ji  N,  Ion. 
94H.IOW.  See   Nnv Britain, Slji:(bjry,\ift, 

Cburcbtnwn,  a  village  in  the  N  E  part  of 
I.ancafler  co.  Pennfylvania,  about  %'">  mile» 
K  N  E  of  Lancafter,  and  50  W  N  W  of 
Philadelphia.  It  hai  1%  houfe*,  and  an 
£pifcopal  church  ;  and  in  the  environs 
are  two  forges,  which  manufatSlurc  about 
450  tons  of  bar  iron  annually. 

Ciofiea,  a  JurifdiiSlion  in  Peru,  fubjctfl 
to  the  archbiOiop  of  Plata,  and  90  leagues 
didant  from  that  city  ;  abounding  in  co- 
coa, cattle,  and  fomc  filver  minct. 

Ciiola, or  Cive/a,  the  name  of  a  town  in, 
and  alio  the  ancient  name  of.  New  Gran- 
ada, in  I'erra  Firma,  S.  America.  The 
country  here,  though  not  mountainous,  is 
very  cool ;  and  the  Indians  are  faid  to  be 
(he  whiteii,  wittied,  mod  iincere  and  or- 
derly of  all  the  aboriginal  Americans. 
When  the  country  was  difcovered,  thev 
had  each  but  one  wife,  and  were  excei- 
ft^rely  jealous.  They  worfliipped  >vater, 
and  an  old  woman  that  was  a  maj>ician  ; 
^nd  believed  Ihe  lay  hid  under  one  of 
their  lakes. 

Cicero,  in  I^yfander  townfltip,  N.  York, 
on  the  8  W  fide  of  Oneida  lake  ;  and  be- 
tween it,  the  SiUt  lake,  and  the  Salt  fpriugs. 
See  Lyfandtr. 

Cinaloa,  called  by  fomc  Cinoko,  a  prov- 
ince in  the  audience  of  Galicia,  in  Old 
Mexico  or  New  Spain.  It  has  the  gulf  of 
California  on  the  W.the  province  of  Cu- 
liacan  on  the  S,  and  the  kingdom  of  New 
Mexico  on  the  N  and  E.  From  S  E  to  N 
E  it  is  about  ico  league? ;  and  not  above 
40  where  broadeft.  On  the  £  fide  it  is 
bounded  by  the  high,  craggy  mountains, 
called  Tepecfuan,  30  o^  40  leagues  from 
the  fea.  It  is  well  watered,  its  rivers 
abound  with  fifh,  and  the  air  is  ferene  and 
healthfuL  Tt  abounds  with  all  forts  of 
fruit,  and  grain,  and  cotton.  The  natives 
arc  hardy  and  induflrious,  and  manufac- 
ture cotton  cloth,  with  which  they  clothe 
themfelves. 

Cine.  nati.  a  fiourlfliing  poll  town  in  the 
ft-ite  of  Ohio.  It  ft.inds  on  the  N  bank 
ofthcOhio,oppofite  the  mouth  of  Lick- 
ing R.  %\  miles  S  W  ot  Fort  Wafliington, 
and  about  8  miles  weflerly  of  Columbia. 
Both  thefe  towns  lie  between  Great  and 
Little  Miami  rivers.  Cincinnati  cantains 
about  ^^00  houfes  ;  ami  is  8imilt!»  N  by 
%  of  Frankfort ;  90N  \v  01 1.cxin^tcn.and 


it 


779  W  by  S  of  riiiladelphia.  borne  per- 
luns  a  fliort  time  lince,  in  digging  a  well, 
on  the  hill,  in  tiiit  toun,  at  tlie  Uuptli  of 
90  feet  came  to  »jKmji  ot  a  tree,  the  routs 
ul  which  were  iu  ibuiul  th.ii  tliey  had  tu 
be  cut  aw.iy  with  an  uxe  ;  >t  94  icct  they 
came  to  another,  which  Uiil  bure  evident 
marks  of  the  axe,  and  on  its  ((>[>  there  n])- 
pcared  as  if  fume  irun  tool  hail  been  cuii- 
fumed  by  ruA.  N  lat.  ,{9  22,  Vf  Ion.  8  j  44. 

Cindimalui,  is  the  U  eaAerniiujIt  of  the 
military  lownlivips  of  N.  York  flate.  le 
lui  Virgil  W,  and  Salem  C,  aud  lies  on  twu 
branches  of  Tioughntoga  K.  a  N  welki  11 
branch  of  the  Chenango.  The  center  ot" 
the  town  lies  jj  miles  S  W  by  W  of 
CooperOown,  and  398  E  by  S  ot  th^  ii  ^ 
end  of  Salt  Laltc.     N  lat.  42  jo. 

Cirenctjhr,     Sec  Marcus  Hook. 

City  J'eiHt,\n  Prince  (ieorge  co.  Virginia, 
a  polt  oflicc  is  kept  here,  169  milet.  iroin 
Walhington.      See  Bi^rmuJa  Hundred. 

CividtdJ  Jieal,i\iii  capital  city  iit  Chiapa, 
in  New  Spain.  In  15  70,  it  contained  abuut 
100  Spaniih  ioltabitauts.     See  Cbiafa. 

Cividad  Rtul,  is  the  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince qfGuaira,iu  the  EdiviuonofParugu|y> 

Cluiti,  Late  aux,  now  Lake  Simcuc,  is 
fituatcd  between  York  and  Glouccfter  bay 
on  Lake  Huron,  in  U.  Canada  ;  it  has  « 
few  finall  illands,  and  fevcral  good  har- 
bours ;  a  vefl'cl  has  been  built  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  facilitating  the  communication  b^ 
that  rout.  Smyth. 

Clair,  St.  a  county  in  the  Indi.aia  terri- 
tory, was  laid  oft' 17th  April,  1790.  Itf. 
boundaries  are  thus  oirtciiklly  uefcribcd  : 
"  Bcginniiig  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Miehillimackinack  river  ;  running  thence 
foutherly  in  a  dired  line  tu  the  moutii  of 
^hc  Little  rivei  above  fort  Maflac,  upon 
the  Ohio  fiver ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  t« 
its  junction  with  the  Mifhfippi ;  thence 
up  the  Mifliiippi  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinos  river  ;  and  up  the  Illinois  to  the 
place  of  beginning,  with  all  the  adjacent 
illands  of  the  faid  rivers  Illinois  and  MilU- 
lilipi."     It  contains  1255  inhabilant*. 

Cluir,  St.  a  fort  in  tlie  Indiana  territory, 
25  miles  N  01  I'ort  Hamilton,  on  a  fmall 
creek  which  falls  into  the  Great  Miami ; 
21  mil?s  S  of  fort  JefFcrlbn. 

Cluir,  St  Late,  lies  a'oout  half  way  be- 
tween lake  Huron  and  lake  trie,  90  miles 
ill  circumference.  It  receives  the  waters 
of  the  three  great  lakes,  .Superior,  Michi- 
gan, and  Huron,  and  dilchargcs  tiicin 
through  the  river  or  ftrait,  calii'd  D'ii- 
troit,  or  the  .Strait,  into  hike  luie.  Its 
channel,  as  alio  tiiat  of  the  lake,  is  fulii- 

cicntly 


CLA 


CLA 


m 


I 


ir!pntly  deep  for  veflcis  of  very  confidera- 
)»\e  burden.     See  D'Eiroit. 

Clam  foivn.  See  Ef^g  harbour. 

Clare,  a  townlhip  on  St.  Mary's  bav>  «n 
Annapolis  co.  Nova  Scotia.  It  has  a()out 
JO  families,  and  is  cuinpoled  of  woodland 
And  fait  marih. 

CLiremont,  a  poft  town  in  Chediire  co. 
N.Hampfliire,  on  the  E  fide  of  Connc«ili- 
cut  river,  oppodtc  Afcutncy  mountain, 
in  Vermont,  and  or»  the  N  lide  of  Sugar 
R.  14  miles  S  of  Dartmouth  college,  and 
8»  S  W  by  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  inr 
corporated  in  1764,  and  contains  1889  in- 
habitants. 

Claremont,  Co.  in  Sumptcr  diftri<ft,  S. 
Carolina.     Statefburg  is  the  county  town. 

Clarence  Taiunfiip,  in  the  county  of  Stor- 
mont,  U.  Canada,  is  the  5th  townfliip  as 
you  afcend  the  Ottawa  rivey. 

Clarendon.     See  Cape  Fear  river. 

Clarendon  Co.  in  Sumpter  diftri  A,  S.  Car- 
olina, about  30  miles  long,  and  30  broad. 

Clarendon,  a  townfliip  near  the  center  of 
Rutland  co.  Vermont,  watered  by  Otter 
Creek  and  its  tributary  ftreams  ;  14  or 
J'i  miles  £  of  Fairhaven,  and  44  N  E  of 
Bennington.  It  contiiins  1789  inhabit- 
ants. On  the  S  £  Hde  of  a  mountain  in 
the  weflerly  part  of  Clarendon,  or  in  the 
edge  of  Tinmouth,  is  a  curious  cave,  the 
mouth  of  which  is  not  more  than  i{  feet 
in  diameter.  In  its  defcent,  the  pafl'age 
makes  an  angle  with  the  horizon  of  .'J5 
or  40  degrees ;  but  continues  of  nearly 
the  fame  diameter  through  its  whole 
length,  which  is  31^  feet.  At  that  dlf- 
tancc  from  the  mouth,  it  opens  into  a 
fpacious  room,  20  feet  long,  iz^  wide, 
and  18  or  20  feet  high.  Every  part  of 
the  floor,  fides  and  roof  of  this  room  ap- 
pear to  be  a  folid  rock,  but  very  rough  and 
uneven.  The  water  is  continually  per- 
colating through  the  top,  and  has  formed 
flala<S):ites  of  various  forms  ;  many  of 
•which  are  conical,  and  fome  huve  the  ap- 
pearance of  malTive  columns.  From  this 
room  there  is  a  communication  by  a  nar- 
row pafl'age  to  others  equally  curious. 

Clarke,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky,  be- 
tween the  head  waters  of  Kentucky  and 
Licking  rivers.  It  contains  7523  inhabit- 
ants, 1535  being  flaves.  Its  chief  town  is 
Winchefter. 

Clarke  Toivnjh'ip,  in  the  CO.  of  Durham, 
U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  Hope,  and 
fronts  lake  Ontario. 

Clarljhu)-r,  a  poft  and  chief  town  of 
Ilarrifou  co.  Virginia.  It  contains  about 
40  bourcii,  a  qourt  houfe,  and  guol ;  and 


\ 


ftand*  on  the  E  fide  of  Monongahela  H 
40  miles  S  W  of  Morgan  town.  , 

Cliirljhurg,  a  town  of  MalTachufetts^ 
Berkfliirc  co.  bounded  N  by  Stanford  in 
Vermont,  W  by  Williamftown,  containing 
353  fouls. 

Clarljlurg,  a  poft  town  of  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  29  miles  from  \Vafliington. 

Clarkjhiirg,  a  poft  town,  Jackfon  co. 
Georgia,  704  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Claris  Ferry,  Cumberlandco.  Pennfylva- 
nia,  where  is  a  poft  oftlce,  154  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

CLirkipvillc,  a  town  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
Miflllippi  river,  near  the  boundary  lint 
between  Get)rgia  and  W  Florida.  '1  hi» 
place  was  appointed  to  be  the  rendezvous 
of  the  Spanifh  and  American  Commiflion- 
ers  who  wcr?  authorized  to  run  the  di- 
vilional  line  between  Spain  and  the  Unit- 
ed States,  according  to  tjie  Treaty  of  1 795. 

Clarl/lozvu,  iu  Orange  co.  N-  York,  liet 
on  the  W  fide  ufthe'lappan  Sea,  2  milt* 
diftant  ;  northerly  from  Tappan  town- 
fliip, 6  miles,  and  from  N.  York  city,  29 
miles.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  224 
of  its  inhabitants  were  eledlors. 

Clart/ville,  or  Clerkfiiille,  a  poft  and  chief 
town  of  Montgomery  co.  Teneflee,  is 
pleafantly  fivuatcd  on  the  N  bank  of  Cun*. 
berland  K.  and  at  the  mouth  of  Red  river, 
oppofitc  the  mouth  of  Muddy  Creek.  It 
c^uitains  a  court  houlc  and  gaol,  45  milei 
N  W  of  Naflivilie  ;  220  N  W  by  W  of 
Knoxvillc,  and  (/40  W  by  S  of  Philadel- 
phia.    N  iat.  36  45,  W  lori.  88  57. 

Clarltfville,  a  fniall  fettlement  in  the  N 
W  territory,  which  contained,  in  1791, 
about  60  fouls.  It  is  fituated  on  the  north- 
ern bank  of  the  Ohio,  oppofite  Louifvillc, 
a  mile  below  the  Rapids,  and  100  miles  b 
E  of  Poft  Vincent.  It  is  frequently  flood- 
ed, when  the  river  is  high,  and  inhabited 
by  people  who  cannot,  at  prefent,  find  a 
better  fiiuation. 

Cliiveracli,  a  poft  town  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York,  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  large 
plain,  about  i\  miles  E  of  Hudfon  ciiy^ 
near  a  creek  of  its  own  name.  It  contains 
about  65  boufis,  a  Dutch  church,  a  court 
houlc,  and  a  gaol.  The  townfliip  contains 
4414  inhabitants, including  314  flaves. 

CLiy  I'oiuh,  a  place  lb  called  on  Cape 
Cod,  Maflachuletts,  where  a  light  houfc 
vvaa  creeled,  by  order  of  the  United  States, 
in  1797.  "  Tilt  light  houfc  is  cre(5led  on 
land  tlcvated  about  150  feet,  which  with 
the  elcvaticn  of  the  lar.tcrn  maker>  the 
vvliole  height  200  feet  above  high  water 
mark.     la^  urdsr  that  this  Light  may  he 

diftinguifliutl 


CL  A 


CLE 


JiftmguIflicJ  from  the  Bofton  and  other 
Lights  on  this  coaft,  an  eclipfcr  is  eretftud, 
which  will  revolve  around  the  lamps  one; 
in  80  feconds,  fo  that  the  Light  will  be 
nearly  excluded  from  the  eye  of  the  ap- 
proaching  mariner  alx)Ut  30  feconds,  in 
one  revolution  of  the  eclipfe.  To  render 
the  benevolent  defigns  of  Conijrefs  as  ex- 
tentivcly  ufeful  as  poUible,  the  Marine 
Society  in  Dorton,  by  a  large  committee 
from  their  body,  whofe  views  have  been 
feconded  by  others,  have  taken  fuel*  dif- 
tances  and  l)earings  as  they  thought  necef- 
fary  ;  which  obfervations  giving  light  and 
fafety,  are  added  for  the  benefit  of  all  in- 
terefted,  and  are  as  follow  :  Vellels  out- 
ward boimd,  from  Bofton  light  houfe,  and 
would  wifli  to  fall  in  with  Cape  Cod,  the 
courfeis  £  S  E.diftance  1.5  leagues;  thence 
3  leagues  to  the  light  houfe.  When  up 
with  the  light  houfe,  and  it  bears  t>  W  z 
kagiies  diftancc,  you  may  then  fteer  S  S  E, 
which  will  carry  you  out  of  the  S  chan- 
nel. VeTels  inward  bound  and  fall  in 
with  the  back  of  CapeCod,bringthe  Light 
to  bear  S  W  2  leagues  diftance  ;  then  you 
may  fteer  W  N  W  for  Bofton  light  houfe. 
If  you  would  wifh  togo  into  Cape  Cod  har- 
bour, you  mav  keep  the  fliore  aboard 
about  a  mile  diftant,  where  you  will  have 
10  fathom  swater.  There  is  a  bar  lies  ofF 
the  back  of  the  Cape,  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  fliore.  When  up  with  Race 
point,  which  is  very  bold,  and  about  3 
leagues  to  the  weftwardof  the  light  houfe, 
and  may  be  known  by  a  number  of  fifli 
houfes  on  it.  From  i  to  3  miles  to  the 
fouthward  of  Race  point,  is  what  is  called 
Herring  Cove,  where  you  may  have  good 
anchoring  half  a  mile  from  thefhore,  the 
wind  from  E  to  N  N  E  in  4  or  even  in  3 
fathom  water.  If  bound  into  Cape  Cod 
harbour,  your  coiirfe  from  Race  point  to 
Wood  end,  is  S  S  E  6  miles  diftance,  bring 
the  Light  to  bear  bv  N,  and  run  for  it 
about  a  miles,  you  will  then  be  clear  of 
Wood  End  ;  then  you  mnft  fteer  N  E  un- 
til the  Light  bears  E  by  S ;  then  run  N  W 
for  the  harbour,  until  you  have  from  4 
to  3  ^  fathom  water,  where  you  have  good 
anchoring  ;  the  Light  then  will  hear  E  by 
S  -^S  5  or  6  miles  diftance.  In  running 
from  the  Race  point  to  Wood  End,  after 
you  pafs  the  BJack  Land  or  Hummucks, 
yoii  will  come  up  with  a  low  fandv  beach, 
which  forms  the  harbour,  extending  be- 
tween 2  and  ^  miles  to  Wood  End,  which 
i»  difficult  to  be  diftinguirtied  in  the  night, 
it  is  very  bold  you  will  have  25  fathom 
tirater  withiu  lialf  a  oule  of  the  diore»    I* 


!gUl 


beating  into  Cape  Cod  harbour,  you  tnuiH' 
keep  the  eaftern  fliore  aboard,  until  you 
get  into  5  fathom  water.  Stand  no  fur- 
ther to  the  weftward  than  to  bring  the 
Light  to  bear  E  by  .S,  as  there  is  a  long 
fpit  of  fand  runs  off  from  the  wefterra 
fliore  which  being  very  bold,you  will  have 
1 1  fathom  water  within  a  ftone's  throw  of 
fliore.  In  cafe  it  blows  fo  hard  that  yoit 
cannot  beat  in  the  harbour, you  will  have, 
good  anchoring  without,  from  10  to  i,f 
fathom  water.  Vefl'els  in  Bofton  bay,  anci 
would  wifli  to  put  away  for  Cape  Cod 
harbour,  muft  endeavour  to  fall  in  with 
the  Race.  If  in  the  night,  and  you  can- 
not fee  the  land,  you  muft  bring  the  Light 
to  bear  E  by  N,  and  run  for  it  until  you 
have  foundings  in  14  or  15  fathom  water; 
then  fteer  N  E  until  the  Light  bears  E  by 
S,  then  run  in  N  Wfor  the  harbour.  At 
full  and  change  it  is  high  water  off  Race 
point  at  10  o'clock  and  4?  minutes.  Vef- 
fels  in  leaving  Cape  Cod,  bound  to  Bofton, 
fliould  calculate  the  tide,  as  the  flood  fet* 
ftrong  to  the  S  W. 

Cle.tr  IVater  Creek,  fifes  among  thff 
fouthern  branches  of  Dick  River,  and 
empties  into  the  Teneflee  on  the  N  iidc,  e 
mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  Occacliappo. 

CUri's  Iilei,  lie  S  W  from,  and  at  the  en- 
trance of  Behriiig's  ftraits,  which  fcparats 
Alia  from  America.  They  rather  belong 
to  Ada,  being  very  near,  and  S  S  W  froiiii 
tlie  head  land  which  lies  bi-tween  the 
ftraits  and  the  gulf  of  Anadir,  in  Afia. 
They  have  their  name  in  honor  of  that 
able  navigator,  Capt.  Clci*k,  the  compan- 
ion of  Capt.  Cook.  In  other  maps  they 
are  called  St.  Andrea  Ides. 

Clermont,  a  CO.  in  thc  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Clermont,  a  poft  town  in  Columbia  co» 
N.  York,  6  miles  from  Red  h<;nk,  15  froim 
Hudfon,  and  117  milci  t'  of  N.  York.  The 
townfliip  contains  114a  inluiijitants. 

Clermont,  a  village  1^  miles  from  Cam- 
den, S.  Carolina.  In  the  late  war,  here 
was  a  block  houfe  encompafled  by  an  al>- 
batis.  It  was  taken  from  col.  Rugcly,  of 
the  Britilli  militia,  in  Dec.  1781,  by  an  in- 
genious rtratagein  of  licut.  col.  Wafl.ing- 
ton. 

Clfelamf,  a  town  in  Trumbull  co.  ftnte 
of  Ohio,  fituated  on  lake  Erie  at  the  mouth 
of  Cuyahoga,  on  the  E  fule,  60  miles  N  \V 
Youngftowi),  and  125  N  W  Pittfl)urgh 
This  town  has  been  regularly  laid  out,  and- 
will  probably  foon  become  a  place  of  im- 
portance, as  the  Cuvahoga  willfiirnifli  the 
eaficft  coniniunic.ition  bttwctn  lake  Erie 
and  the  Oliio.     With  litclo  cxptufe  a  llife 

k.irb'jur 


'■>ii\ 


CLI 


COS 


frariiour  may  be  formed  at  this  town,  for 
vefl'cU  and  boats  which  trade  on  the  lake. 
The  difficulty  it  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  which  varies  frequently.  In 
the  compact  part  of  the  town  there  were 
in  i8oi,  xo  or  i%  houfes ;  and  in  the 
whole  town  about  aoo  inhabitants. 

Clie,  Lake  le,  in  U.  Canada,  about  38 
miles  long,  and  30  broad  ;  its  waters  com- 
municate with  thofe  of  Lake  Huron. 

CIImIj  Mountain,  divides  the  waters  of 
Hulfton  and  Clinch  rivers,  in  the  flate  of 
TenelFee.  In  this  mountain,  Burk's  Gar- 
den, and  Morris's  Nob,  might  bedefcrib- 
ed  as  curioiities. 

Clirub,  or  Pelefon,  a  branch  of  Teneflec 
R.    It  rifes  in  Virginia,  navigable  for  boats 
aoo  miles,  and  after  it  enter?  the  ftate  of 
I  j  rt  Tcneflce,  receives  Powtl's,  and  Poplar's 

creek,  and  Emery's  river,  befide  other 
fireams.  The  courfe  of  the  Clinch  is  S 
W  and  S  W  by  W.  Its  mouth,  150  yards 
%vide,  lies  1$  miles  below  Knoxvillc,  and 
60  above   the  mouth  of  the   Hiwaflee. 

Ctiiiton,\\\Q  mod  northern  county  of  the 
flate  of  N.  York,  is  bounded  N  by  Cana- 
da, E  by  the  dcepeft  waters  of  lake  Cham- 
plain,  which  line  fcparatcs  it  from  Ver- 
mont ;  and  S  by  the  Great  Sables  river. 
In  this  county,  and  Eflex,  which  was 
formed  from  the  S  part  of  Clinton  co.  in 
Feb.  1 799,  are  8j  14  fouls.  In  1 790  there 
were  but  1614.  A  great  proportion  of 
the  lands  in  thcfe  counties  are  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  produce  abundance 
of  the  various  kinds  of  grain  cultivated 
in  oihcr  parts  of  the  ftate.  The  people 
manufadlure  earthen  ware,  pot  and  pearl 
;iflics,  in  large  quantities,  which  they  ex- 
port to  N.  York  or  Quebec.  Their  wool 
is  excellent  ;  their  beef  and  pork  fecond 
to  none  ;  and  the  price  of  flail  fed  beef  in 
Montreal,  60  miles  from  Platfburgh,  is 
fuch  as  to  encourage  the  farmers  to  drive 
their  cattle  to  that  market.  Tiieir  forcfts 
fupply  them  with  fugar  and  molafits,  and 
the  foil  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of 
hemp.  The  land  carriage  from  any  part 
of  the  country,  in  tranfporting  their  pro- 
duce to  N.  York, does  not  exceed  i8  miles. 
The  carrying  place  at  Ticondcroqa  is  \\ 
miles ;  and  from  Fort  George,  at  tlie  S  end 
of  the  lake  of  that  name,  to  Fort  Edward, 
is  but  14  miles.  The  ftnall  obftrudtions 
after  that  are  to  be  removed  by  the  pro- 
piietors  of  the  northern  canal.  From  this 
country  to  Qnebcc,  are  annually  feut  large 
rafts ;  the  rapids  at  St.  John's  and  Cham- 
blce,  being  the  only  interruptions  in  the 
navig,ition,and  thofe  not  fo  groat,'        liat 


at  fnme  feafons,  hatteaux  with  60  bu(1iet;t 
of  fait  can  afcend  them.  Salt  is  fold  here: 
at  half  a  dollar  a  buflicl.  Saranac,  Sable, 
and  Bouquet  rivers  Water  Clinton  co. 
The  firft  is  remarkable  for  the  quantity 
of  falmon  it  produces. 

Clinton,  a  poft  town  in  Dutchcfs  co.  N. 
York,  above  Poughkeepfie.  It  is  large 
and  thriving,  and  contains  5208  inhalv 
itants. 

Clinton,  a  town  in  the  S  E  corner  of 
Chenengo  co.  N.  York,  on  Sufquehanna 
river  and  in  the  townfliip  of  Jericho. 

Clinton,2L  town  in  Kcnnebeck  co.  Maine, 
37  miles  from  Hallowell.     See  Hancock. 

Clinton,  parilli.  in  the  townlhip  of  Paris, 
7  miles  from  Whiteftown,  is  a  wealthy, 
pleafant,  flourilliing  fettlement,  contain- 
ing feveral  handfome  houfes,  a  newly 
credled  Prefbyterian  meeting  houfe,  a 
convenient  fchool  houfe,  and  an  academy 
delightfully  lituated.  Between  this  fet- 
tlement and  the  Indian  fettlements  at 
Oneida,  a  diflance  of  iz  miles,  (in  June, 
1796)  was  wildcrnefs,  without  any  inhab- 
itants, excepting  a  few  Indians  of  the  old 
Oneida  village. 

Clintons  Hdrbour,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America,  has  its  entrance  in  N  lat.  5% 
12,  W  Ion.  136.  Capt.  Gray  named  it 
after  Gov.  Clinton  of  N.  York. 

Clijlinos,  a  fierce  nation  of  Indians  who 
inhabit  round  Hudfon  bay.  See  Nno 
Britain. 

CMer,  a  village  in  Bergen  co.  N-  Jcrfey, 
7  miles  S  E  of  Peramus,  and  16  N  of  N. 
York  city. 

Clyoquot,  a  found  or  bay  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  America,  wcftcrlcy  from  Berkley's 
Sound.     See  JLincod's  Harbour, 

Coatxacualco,  a  navigable  river  of  New 
Spain,  which  emptier  into  the  gulf  of 
M.:  ico,  near  the  country  of  Onnhualco. 
C,ob:lihill,  or  Cobiijkill,  a  town  in  Scho- 
h  ric  CO.  N.  York,  on  Cobus  creek,  con- 
ta  ns  1765  inhabitants.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  J  797. 

Cobhefeconte,\i  a  fmall,  crooked  river,  in 
Kennebcck  co.  Maine,  the  N  branch  of 
which  rifes  from  Cobbcfeconte  Ponds, 
which  lie  cliieily  in  the  town  of  Winthrop; 
the  foutheru  branch  fprings  from  ponds 
in  and  near  Bowdoin  and  Bowdoinham  ; 
thefe  branches  unite  in  Pittftown,  and 
running  E  N  E,  fall  into  the  Kennebeck 
near  thedivifional  line  between  Pittftown 
and  Hallowell.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river 
arc  extenfivc  flats,  and  a  mile  from  its 
mouth  are  falls  on  which  mills  are  ercAed. 
Qibeqidt,  or  ColcheJlcrR,  in  Nova  Scotia, 

rifes 


eoH 


COH 


crfcy, 
of  N. 


river,  in 
anch  of 
Ponds, 
inthrop; 
ponds 
jinliam  ; 
m,  and 
ntxcbeck 
ittftown 
his  river 
"rom  its 
erc<Sled. 
Scotia, 
fiTcs 


Tiki  'wUhin  20  miles  of  Tatamogouchc, 
•n  the  N  E  coad  of  Nova  Scotia  ;  from 
thence  it  run?  foutherly,  then  S  W  and 
W  into  the  E  end  of  the  Bafin  of  Minai. 
At  its  mouth  there  is  a  fliort  bank,  but 
there  it  a  good  channel  on  each  fide, 
which  veffels  of  60  tons  burden  may  pafs, 
and  go  40  Aiiles  up  the  river.  There  are 
Vome  fcattered  Ccttlemcnts  on  its  banks. 

'Caie/iy,  in  Maine.     Sec  Pittfion. 

Ceteea,  or  Coiija,  an  obfcure  port  and 
village  in  the  audience  of  Los  Charcos, 
in  Peru,  S.  America.  The  place  is  inhab- 
ited by  about  56  Indian  families,  and  is 
the  moft  barren  fpot  on  the  coafl.  This 
is,  however,  the  nearcft  port  to  Lipes, 
.where  there  are  filver  mines,  and  alfo  to 
Potofi,  whicti  is  yet  above  100  leagues 
'  dillant,  and  that  through  a  defcrt  country. 

Ctibam,  a  fmall  town  in  Virginia,  on  the 
S  bank  of  James  R.  oppolite  Jamedown, 
S  or  9  miles  S  W  of  \Villiam(burg. 

Ctioam  JJle,  mentioned  by  Capt.  Mid- 
dleton,  in  the  journal  of  his  voyage  for 
iGnding  a  N  £  palfage.  Its  two  extremi- 
ties bear  N  by  £,  and  E  by  N,  in  N  lat.  63, 
£  Ion.  from  Churchill,  3  40,  which  he 
takes  to  be  the  Brouk  Coil/am  of  Fos. 

Cobujkill     See  XJMjWl. 

Cocatico,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania.  It  has  3.567  inhabitants. 
.  Coebeco,  a  N  W  branch  of  Pifcataqua 
R.  in  N.  Hampfliire.  It  rifes  in  the  £lue 
Hills  in  Strafford  co.  and  its  mouth  is  5 
miles  above  Hilton's  Point.  See  Fi/iatajua. 

Cochabamba,  a  province  and  jurifdi«Stion 
in  Peru,  50  leagues  from  Plata,  and  56 
ifrom  Potofi.  Its  capital  of  the  fame  name 
is  one  of  the  richefi,  largell,  and  mod 
populous  in  Peru,  as  it  is  the  granary  of 
the  archbifhoprick  of  Plata  ;  and  in  fome 
fpots  filver  mines  have  been  dilcovered. 

CochranfvH/e,  a  port  town  of  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  t37  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Ceciiarne.  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  N.  Hampfliire,  Grafton  co.  on  the 
E  bank  of  Conneaicut  R.  S  of  Cole- 
brooke. 

Code,  a  CO  of  Hamilton  diftrlA,  Ten- 
eflee.  With  Jefferfon  co.  it  contains  901 7 
inhabitants,  695  of  whom  arc  flaves. 

Coci/aiie.     See  Coxakie. 

Cod.  See  dp*  Cod,  BamJIabU  Co.  and 
frovineeteton.  . 

Ccdorut,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania.    It  has  1634  inhabitants. 

Coeymam,  a  townfliip  in  Albany  co.  N. 
York,  i»  miles  below  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 3090  inhabitants. 

Cebgmiiuago,  a  parifli  ia  the  townfliip 
V«i.   I  O 


•f  Johnftorra,  Montgomery  co.  N.  York 
on  the  W  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  a6  milct  \f 
of  Schcnc-dtady.  This  place,  which  had 
been  fettled  nearly  80  years,  and  which 
was  the  feat  of  Sir  William  Jolmfon,  was 
moftly  dedroyed  by  the  Britifli  and  In« 
dians,  under  the  command  of  Sir  William, 
in  the  year  1780.  In  this  adtiun,  John* 
fon  evinced  a  want  of  feeling  which  would 
have  difgraced  a  favage.  The  people 
deftroyed  in  this  expedition,  were  his  old 
neighbours,  with  whom  he  had  formerljf 
lived  in  the  habits  of  fiieodfliip.  Hit 
eflate  was  among  them,  and  the  inhabit- 
ants had  ahv;iys  confidercd  him  as  their 
friend  and  neighbour.  Tlicfe  unfortunate 
people,  after  feeing  their  houfcs  and  prop- 
erty coufumed  to  aihes,  were  hurried, 
fuch  as  could  walk,  into  cruel  captivity  ; 
thofe  who  could  not  walk,  fell  vitftiras  to 
the  tomahawk  and  fcalping  knife.  Sc« 
Cagbnanvaga, 

Cobanzy,  or  Ce/aria,  a  fmall  river  which 
rifes  in  Salem  co.  N.  Jcrfcy,  and  running 
through  Cumberland  co  empties  into 
Delaware  R.  oppofite  the  upper  end  of 
Bombay  Hook.  It  is  about  30  miles  in 
length,  and  is  navigable  for  vefl*els  of  zoo 
tons  to  Bridgetown,  ao  miles  from  iu 
mouth. 

Coba/fct,  a  pofl:  town  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  which  was  incorporated 
in  1770,  and  contains  849  inhabitants. 
It  has  a  congregational  church,  and  126 
houfcfl,  fcattered  on  different  farms.  Co- 
hafl*et  rocks,  which  have  been  fo  fatal  to 
many  veflfels,  lie  off  this  town,  about  9, 
league  from  the  fliore.  The  inhabitants 
are  honoured  for  their  remarkable  kind* 
nefs  to  fliipwrccked  feamcn.  It  lies  25 
miles  S  E  of  Bofton ;  but  in  a  flraighc 
line  not  above  half  the  didance. 

Coboez,  or  the  Fulis  in  Mohawk  R.  be- 
tween 2  and  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
10  miles  northward  of  Albany,  arc  a  very 
great  natural  curiofity.  The  river  above 
tlie  falls,  is  about  3C0  yards  wide,  and 
approaches  them  from  the  N  W  in  a  rapid 
current,  between  high  banks  on  each  fide, 
and  pours  the  whole  body  of  its  water 
over  a  perpendicular  rock  of  about  40 
(fome  fay  more)  feet  in  height,  which 
extends  quite  acrofs  the  river,  like  a  mill 
dam.  The  banks  of  the  river,  immedi- 
ately below  the  falls,  arc  about  too  feet 
high.  Abridge  iioo  feet  long,  and  24 
feet  wide,  rcfling  on  13  piers,  was crtAed 
at  the  expenfe  of  12,000  dollars,  in  1794, 
a  mile  below  the  falls,  from  vrhich  a  fpcc- 
tator  ma  J  have  »  £raad  view  of.  them  t 

b;;t 


r-l 


COL 

But  they  appear  mod  romantically  from 
Lanfinburgh  hill,  5  miles  E  of  them. 

Cobongoronto,  is  the  name  of  Potowmack 
9u  before  it  breaks  through  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  N  lat.  39  45.  Its  whole  lc'n;;th 
to  the  Blue  Rid^e,  may  be  about  1 60  miles; 
from  thence  it  afTumes  the  name  of  Po- 
ttivtnack,  which  fee. 

Cobuixcat,  a  country  in  New  Spain,  in 
which  there  is  a  confidcrable  mountain 
nf  loaddone,  between  Tcoiltylan  and  Chi- 
Ibpan. 

CoLjhury  College,  in  the  town  of  Abing* 
ton,  in  Hartford  co.  Maryland. 

Co!jn,n  fm.ill  Indian  town,(ituated  near 
the  South  Sea,  a  or  3  leagues  to  the  north- 
Wiird  of  Payta,  inhabited  by  fiHiermen. 
Here  they  make  large  rafts  of  logs,  which 
will  carry  60  or  70  tons  of  goods ;  with 
thefe  they  make  long  voyages,  even  to 
Panama,  5  or  600  leagues  diftant.  They 
have  a  mad  with  a  fail  fallened  to  it. 
They  always  go  before  tfte  wind,  being 
unable  to  ply  againft  it;  and  therefore 
only  fit  for  thefe  feas,  where  the  wind  is 
alwayt  in  a  manner  the  fame,  not  varying 
above  a  point  or  two  all  the  way  from 
Lima,  till  they  come  into  the  bay  of  Pan- 
ama ;  and  there  they  mud  fometimes  wait 
for  a  change.  Their  cargo  is  ufvally 
wine,  oil,  fugar,  Quito  cloth,  foap,  and 
dreflcd  goat  fkins.  The  float  is  ufually 
navigated  by  3  or  4  mcn^  who  fell  their 
float  where  they  difpofe  of  th«ip  cargo  ; 
and  return  as  paiTcngers  to  the  port  they 
came  from.  The  Indians  go  out  at  night 
by  the  help  of  the  land  wind,  with  fiOiing 
boats,  more  manageable  than  the  others, 
though  thefe  have  mafts  and  fails  too,  and 
return  again  in  the  day  time  with  the  fea 
«rind. 

Colchejier,  a  townfliip  in  Delaware  co. 
N^  Yort,  on  the  Popachton  branch  of 
Delaware  river,  S  W  of  Middletown  ;  and 
about  50  miles  S  VV  by  S  of  Cooperftown. 
It  contains  1207  inhabitants. 

Colchejfci;  a  port  town  in  New  London 
CO.  Conne<5ticut,  fettled  in  1701  ;  about 
15  miles  weftward  of  Norwich,  25  SE  of 
Hartford,  and  ao  N  W  of  New  London 
city. 

Colcbejltr,  the  chief  town  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  is  on  the  E  bnnk  of  lake 
Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of  Onion  river, 
and  N  of  Burlington,  on  Colchcfter  bay, 
which  fpreads  N  of  the  town. 

Colcf.'fJl.T,  a  port  town  in  Fairfar  co.  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  on  the  N  £  bank  of  Oc.]uo- 
quam  creek,  3  or  4  miles  from  its  conflu- 
«ace  with  the  Potowmack ;  and  i»  here 


COL 

about  ICO  yards  wide,  and  navigable  fof 
'toats.  It  contains  about  40  houfes,  and 
ies  16  miles  S  W  of  Alexandria,  106  N 
ly  E  of  Richmond,  and  172  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Colchrjler  Totvitjhip,  in  the  CO.  of  Eflex, 
U.  Canada,  is  fituated  upon  lake  Erie,  and 
lies  between  Maiden  and  Gosfield. 

Golchellir  R.  Nova  Seotia.     See  Cibejult, 

CoiJBreat,aJmM  flream-about  10  miles 
long,  which  rifes  in  a  pond-of  looo  acreSt 
Hnd  falls  into  Pafladunkeag,  in  townfliip 
No.  I,  about  2  miles  befoie  its  confluence 
with  Penohfcot,  on  the  E  fide. 

Cu!d  Spring,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is 
a  villa,  6  miles  from  the  highlands  of  Ll- 
guania.  The  grounds  ate  in  a  high  (late 
of  improvement.  Cold  Spring  is  4200 
fett  al>ove  the  level  of  the  fea;  and  few 
or  none  of  the  tropical  fruits  will  flourifli 
in  fo  cold  a  climate.  The  general  date 
of  the  thermometer  is  from  55  to  65  ;  and 
even  fometimes  fo  low  as  44 ,  fo  that  a 
fire  there,  even  at  noon  day,  is  not  only 
comfortable,  but  neceflary  a  great  part  of 
the  year.  Many  of  the  Englifh  fruits,  aa 
the  apple,  tJie  peach,  and  the  drawbtrry, 
flourifli  there  in  great  perfection,  with 
feveral  other  valuable  exotics,  as  the  tea 
tree  and  other  oriental  produ«5lions. 

Cold  Spring  Cove,  near  Burlington,  ^f. 
Jtrfcy,  is  remarkable  foi  its  fand  and  clay, 
ufcd  in  the  manufa«nure  of  glafs ;  from 
whence  the  glafs  works  at  Hamilton,  10 
miles  W  of  Albany,  are  fupplied  with 
thefe  articles. 

Colebrooh,  in  the  northern  part  of  N. 
Hampfliire,  in  Grafton  co.  lies  on  the  £ 
bank  of  eonne<Slicut  R.  oppofite  the  Great 
Monadnock,  in  Canaan,  date  of  Vermont ; 
joining  Cockburno  on  the  fouthward,  and 
Stuartdown  on  the  northward  ;  iz6  mile* 
N  W  by  N  from  Portfmouth. 

Cotebrooke,  a  rough,  hilly  townfliip,  on 
the  N  line  of  Conne(?licut,  in  Litchfield 
CO.  30  miles  N  VV  of  Hartford  city.  It 
was-  fettled  in  1756.  Here  are  2  iron 
works  and  feveral  ijiil's,  on  Still  R.  a  M 
W  water  of  Farmington  R  In  digging  a 
cellar  in  this  town,  at  the  clofe  of  tlie 
year  1796,  bi  longing  to  Mr.  John  HuU 
burr,  the  workmen,  at  the  depth  of  about 
9  or  10  feet,  found  three  large  tuflts  and 
two  thigh  bones  of  an  animal,  the  latter 
of  which  meafured  each  about  4  feet  4 
inches  in  length,  and  12^  inches  in  cir- 
cumference. When  fird  difcovcrtd  they 
were  entire,  but  as  foon  as  they  Were  ex- 
pofcd  to  the  air  they  mouldered  to  dud. 
ihis  adds  another  to  the  many  fadls, 


ing  24,903 
are  fUves. 


city. 
<2,  iron 

R.  aM 

igging  a 
of  tlic 
oha  Hui' 

of  about 
ufks  and 
the  latter 

4  feet  4 
in  cir- 
end  they 

were  ex- 

d  to  duft. 

ny   fa<fl«t 


:s 


COL 

which  prove  that  a  race  of  enermeui 
ammals,  now  extinift,  once  inhuLited  the 
United  States. 

ColeraiH,  a  townfliip  in  Lancaftcr  to. 
Peniifylvania.     It  has  77»  inhabitants. 

Coltram,  a  pott  town,  Bertie  co  N.  Car- 
olina,  ^^o  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Colerain,  a  town  on  the  N  b?rik  of  St. 
Mary's  R.  Camden  co.  Geoigia,  40  or  50 
miles  from  its  mouth.  On  the  zpth  of 
June,  1796,  a  treaty  of  peace  and  fricnd- 
fliip  was  made  and  concluded  at  this 
place,  between  the  Prefidcnt  of  the  United 
States,  on  the  one  part,  in  behalf  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  king's  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  the  Cicck  nation  of  Indians, 
on  the  other.  By  this  treaty,  the  line 
between  the  white  pcopl.  and  the  hidians, 
was  cftabliflied  to  ran  "  from  the  Curra- 
hce  mountain  to  the  head  or  fourcc  of  the 
main  S  branch  of  the  Oconte  R.  called 
by  the  white  people,  Appalatohce,  and  by 
the  hidians,  Tuiapocka,  and  down  the 
middle  of  the  fame."  Liberty  was  alfo 
given  by  the  Indians  to  the  Prefulent  of 
the  United  States,  to  "  eftiblilTi  a  trading 
or  military  pod  on  the  S  fide  of  Alatama- 
ha,  Hb.>ut  I  mile  above  Beard's  blufF,  or 
any  where  from  thence  down  the  river, 
tin  the  lands  of  the  Indians  ;"  and  the  hi- 
diins  agreed  to  *'  annex  to  faid  pod  a  tradt 
of  land  ol'  5  miles  fquare  ;"  and  in  return 
for  this,  and  other  tokens  of  friendihip  on 
the  part  of  the  Indians,  the  United  States 
ftipulatcd  to  give  them  goods  to  the  value 
•f  6oo3  dollars,  and  to  furnifli  them  with 
two  blackfmiths  with  tools. 

Cole/ville,  a  port  town  of  Dinwiddle  co. 
Virginia,  15a  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Giles  Cteti,  a  fmall  Dream  in  JcfFcrfon 
CO.  MifTilippi  Territory. 

Co/ima,A\2Lrge  and  rich  town  of  Mecbo- 
acan  and  New  Spain,  on  the  South  Sea, 
near  the  borders  of  Xalifca,  and  in  the 
mod  pleafant  and  fruitful  valley  in  all 
Mexico,  producing  cocoa,  cailia,  and  other 
things  of  value,  biifide  fome  gold.  Dam- 
pier  takes  notice  of  a  volcano  near  it, 
with  two  fliarp  peaks,  from  which  fmoke 
and  flame  iflue  continually.  The  fanions 
plant  oleacazan  grows  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, which  is  reckoned  a  cathnlicon  for 
rtftoring  decayed  ftrength,  and  a  fpecific 
againd  all  forts  of  poifon.  The  natives 
apply  the  leaves  to  the  parts  aflTcdled,  and 
judge  of  the  fuccefs  of  the  operation  by 
their  flicking  or  falling  ofF. 

Colleton,  a.  d\{ir\<!k  of  S.  Carolina,  contain- 
ing 24,903  inhabitants,  of  whom  20,471 
are  fUves.    JackToaburgh  is  tiie  capital. 


COL 

Coiiaiut,  a  town  in  HampHure  co.  Maf* 
fachufetts,  32  miles  N  W  of  Northampton, 
on  theVcrmont  line,  has  2014  inhabitants. 

CoLmbia,  a  pofl  town  in  Wafliington  ro. 
Maine,  on  Pfcafant  R.  adjoining  Maehias 
on  the  N  E,  and  was  formerly  called  Plan 
tations  No.  12  and  13.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 796.  Tlie  town  of  Machias  lies 
15  miles  to  the  eadward.  It  is  9  tnilct 
from  Steuben.     It  has  n^^i  inhabitant*. 

Columhia  Co.  in  N.  York,  is  bounded  N 
by  Renflelaer,  S  by  Dutchdis.  E  by  the 
date  of  Maflachufetts,  and  W  by  Hudfon 
R.  which  divides  it  from  Green  co.  It 
is  32  miles  in  length,  and  21  in  breadth, 
and  IS  divided  into  '8  towns ;  of  whicK 
Hudfon,  Claverack,  and  Kinderhook  are 
tlie  cliicf.  It  contains  ;:,s^i  2%  inhabitants, 
*)f  whom  147 1  arc  flaves.  ' 

Coltiriiia  College,     Scc  N^czo  York  etty.  '~  7 

Culumbia,  Territory  of ,  conV4.\n%  8144  in- 
habitants, 2072  of  whum  arc  Ilavei.  Ser 
IVaJhin^t.iH,  City  of. 

Co'iimhia,  a  pod  town,  the  capital  of 
Rie'.tland  co.  and  the  (cat  of  government 
of  i'j.  Carolina.  It  is  fituated  on  the  £  fide . 
of  tl>e  Congaree,  jull  btlow  the  confluence 
of  Saluda  and  Broad  rivers.  The  drects 
are  regufar,  and  the  town  contains  80  or 
100  houfes.  The  public  oflices  have,  in ' 
fome  meafure,  been  divided,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Imver  counties,  and  a  branch  of  each  re- 
tained in  Charlcdon.  The  STouth  Caro- 
lina College  is  edabliflied  in  this  town, 
and  was  incorporated  in  i8oi.  The 
buildings  are  in  forwardnefs.  The  fum 
of  50,000  dollars  was  appropriated  in  the 
aA  of  incorporation  for  the  ere»5lion  of 
the  necefTary  edifices,  and  an  annual  fum 
of  6000  dollars  for  the  fupport  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  the  college.  Further  donations 
have  been  made  by  the  legiflature  of  the 
date-  It  lies  1.15  miles  N  NW  of  Charlef- 
ton,  35  S  W  of  Camden,  85  from  Auguda* 
in  Georgia,  and  678  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  34  1,  W  Ion.  80  57. 

Columbia,  a  flourifliing  pod  town  in 
Goochland  co.  Virginia,  on  the  N  fide  of 
James  river, at  the  mouth  of  the  Rivanna. 
It  contains  about  40  honfes,  and  a  ware 
houfe  for  the  infpc«£lion  of  tobacco.  It 
lies  45  miles  above  Richmond,  3^  from 
Charlottefville,  and  328  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Columbia,  a  pod  town  in  I.ancadcr  co. 
Pennfylvania.on  the  N  E  bank  of  Sufqne- 
hanna  river,  at  Wright's  ferry  ;  10  milev 
W  of  Lancadcr,  aad  76  W  by  N  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.        ' 

■ColumliM 


:m 


CON 


COl* 


11 


'  tclumila  Co.  in  the  upper  dlftriA  of 
Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  R.  on 
the  N  £  and  E,  which  feparatet  it  from 
the  (late  of  S.  Carolina,  N  W  of  Richmond 
CO.  Its  (hape  is  very  irregular.  It  is 
watered  by  Great  Kioka  creek  and  fev- 
cral  other  dreams.  It  is  divided  into  ii 
towns,  and  contains  8345  inhabitants,  of 
Vhum  3C08  are  flavei.  At  the  court 
houfc  is  a  pod  office. 

Columbia,  a  large  river  of  the  N  W  coaft 
of  N.  America.  It  enters  the  Pacific 
ocean  lat.  46  18  N,  Ion.  236  34  W.  It  is 
\\i\i  a  mile  wide  la  miles  from  its  mouth. 
H  has  been  afccnded  in  boats  more  than 
80  miles.  faneoiivtr. 

Columbia,  a  town  in  the  flate  of  Ohio, 
On  the  N  bank  of  Ohio  R.  and  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  Little  Miami  R.  about 
6  miles  S  E  by  £  of  Fort  WaHiington,  8  £ 
by  S  of  Cincinnati,  and  87  N  by  W  pf 
Lexington,  in  Kentucky.     N  lat.  39  30. 

Columbiana,  t  co.  in  the  (late  of  Ohio. 

Comana,  a  towo  and  province  in  the 
northern  divi&on  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  A- 
nerica.  It  lies  on  the  N  eadernmoft  part 
of  the  fea  coaft. 

Comargo,  a  town  of  New  Leon,  in  N. 
America,  (ituatcd  on  the  S  Ude  pf  Rjo 
Sravo,  which  empties  into  the  gulf  of 
IVlcxicO  on  the  W  fide. 

Co.vbabet,  a  condderable  river  of  S.  Car- 
oHna,  which  enters  St.  Helena  found  be- 
tween Coofa  and  Afliepoo  rivers. 

Combahee  ferry,  on  the  above  river,  is 
17  miles  from  Jackfonfborough,  15  from 
Pocotaligo,  and  52  from  Charieflon. 
.  Comfort,  Point,  is  the  S  eafternmoft  part 
of  Elizabeth  city  co.  in  Virginia,  formed 
by  James  R.  at  its  mouth,  in  Chefapeak 
bay.  Point  Comfort  lies  19  miles  W  hy 
N  of  Cape  Henry. 

Commanoes,  one  of  the  fmall  Virgin  ifles 
in  the  W.  Indies,  fituated  to  the  N  N  £  of 
Tortula.     N  lat.  18  15,  W  Ion.  63. 

Compofiella,  a  very  rich  town  in  New 
Spain,  and  province  of  Xalifco,  built  in 
X531,  fituated  near  the  South  Sea,  400 
miles  N  W  of  M  -^r'o.  The  foil  is  bar- 
ren and  the  a!-  iinaealthful ;  but  it  has 
fcveral  mines  of  filver  at  St.  Pecaqne,  in 
its  neighbourhood.  N  lat.  11  so,  W  Ion. 
XO9  43.      See  Culiacan. 

Compton,  a  flourifliing  townfliip  in  L. 
Canada,  on  a  fouthcrn  branch  of  the  river 
St.  Francis,  S  of  Afcot,  adjoining,  and  has 
jjo  inhabitants,  chiefly  from  N.  England. 

C^najohary,  a  port  town,  on  tile  S  fide  of 
IMohawk  river,  N.  York,  36  miles  above 
Schcnc^ady.    See  Canajobary, 


tamaviangt,  a  northern  bi-atieh  of  Alte^ 
ghany  river,  in  Pennfylvania,  which  rifc% 
from  Chataughque  lake. 

ConeepiioH,  a  large  bay  00  the  E  fide  of 
|»Kv'vvfoundland  I.  whofe  entrance  is  be- 
tween Cy.pe  St.  Francis  on  thc.fouthward, 
and  Flamborougb  head  on  the  northward. 
It  runs  a  great  way  into  the  land  in  a 
foulhern  diret^lion,  having  numerous  bay^ 
on  the  W  fide,  on  which  are  two  fettle- 
ments,  Carboniere  and  Havre  d.|,Grace. 
Settlements  were  made  here  in  i6io,  by 
about  40  planters,  under  governor  John 
Guy,  to  whom  king  James  had  granted  a 
patent  of  incorporation. 

Conception  ef  Salaya,  a  fm5^ll  town  of  N. 
America,  in  the  province  of  Mechoacan^ 
in  Mexico  or  New  Spain,  was  built  by  the 
Spaniards,  as  well  as  the  (lations  of  St. 
Michael  and  St.  Philip,  to  frcure  the  road 
from  Mechoacan  to  the  filver  mines  of 
Zacateca.  They  have  al£o  given  thii 
name  to  feveral  boroughs  of  America  ;  a^ 
to  that  in  Hifpaniola  ifland,  and  to  a  fea 
pore  of  California,  &c. 

Conception,  by  the  Indians  called  Fenct^ 
a  city  in  Chili,  S.  America,  fituated  on  the 
edge  of  the  fea,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
and  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay  of  its  own 
name.  It  lies  in  about  37  S  lat.  It  wa| 
fcveral  times  deltroyed  by  the  powerful 
confederacy  of  the  Indians,  and  as  ofteq 
repaired.  In  1751  it  was  deftroycd  by. 
an  earthquake,  and  has  not,  fince  that, 
been  rebuilt.  It  is  within  the  audience 
and  jurifdiiStion  of  St.  Jago,  and  is  gov- 
erned by  a  correflidore.  The  Spanifli 
inhabitants  here,  arc  the  mod  warlike  and 
hardy  of  any  in  S.  America ;  they  are  all 
trained  IQ  arms  from  their  childhood,  to 
be  ready  to  refid  the  attack  of  the  Chilcfc 
Indians,  whom  they  have  reafon  to  con- 
fider  a  formidable  enemy.  The  inhab- 
itants, and  even  the  women,  excel  in 
horfemanfliip  ;  they  are  very  dexterous 
in  managing  the  lance  or  noofe ;  and  it 
is  very  rare  to  fee  them  mifs  their  aim, 
though  at  full  fpeed,  with  the  noofe,  which 
they  throw  40  or  $0  yards,  and  fo  halter 
the  objedl  of  their  diverfion  or  revenge. 
This  noofe  is  made  of  thongs  of  cow  hide ; 
thcfc  they  twid  with  oil,  till  rendered 
fupple  and  pliant  to  command  ;  and  fo 
ftrong  that,  when  twiftcd,  they  will,  it  is 
faid,  hold  a  wild  bull,  which  would  break 
a  halter  of  henjp  of  twice  the  thicknefs. 
The  foil  here  is  fruitful,  abounding 
with  corn  and  excellent  wine.  The  fruit 
trees  bear  fo  Inxurientiy  here,  that  tliey 
arc  forced  to  thai  the  iVuitjOtherwirctht 

biinchti 


eoN 


CON 


^^inchcs  would  break,  nor  could  the  fruit 
come  to  maturity.  This  city  has  a  church 
and  fix  very  famous  monaderics ;  but  the 
^welling  houfes  make  no  great  appear- 
ance. Here  the  women  go  out  lu  the 
night  to  the  fhops,  to  buy  fuch  ilecefTaries 
as  they  want  for  their  families,  it  being 
contrary  to  the  cuflom  of  this  country  for 
women  of  any  charadter,  to  go  abruad  in 
the  day  time  on  fuch  afiairs.  It  is  9a  open 
town ;  and  the  few  batteries  it  has,  are 
kept  in  very  indifferent  order. 

Coiicbucos  ,a  jurifdidtion  in  Peru ,  S.  Amcri- 
ca,under  thearchbifliop  of  Lima;  it  begins 
40  leagues  N  N  E  of  the  mefropolis,  and 
runs  along  the  center  of  the  Cordillera. 
It  produces  fruits,  grain,  &c.  a»d  affords 
ezrenfive  padure  for  cattle  of  all  kinds. 
Several  branches  of  the  woollen  lyanufac- 
toiy  are  carried  on  here,  whic  i.^nlhtute 
its  grcateft  commerce  with  the  c  'her  prov- 
inces. 

CoHtorJ,  formerly  Guntb-wait,  a  townihip 
of  Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfhire,  en  Amon- 
oofuck  river,  Incorporated  1768.  It  has 
663  inhabitants. 

Concord,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Kampihire, 
floutifliing,  and  pleafantly  lituated  on  the 
W  bank  of  Merrimack  river,  in  Rocking- 

{lam  CO.  8  miles  above  Hookfet  falls.  The 
egiflature,  of  late,  have  commonly  held 
their  feflions  here  ;  and  from  its  central 
fituation,  and  a  thriving  back  country,  it 
will  probably  become  the  peripaiiest  feat 
of  governt^ent.  Much  of  t^e  trade  of 
the  upper  country  centers  here.  A  hand- 
fomc  toll  bridge  acrofs  the  Merrimack, 
^conneAs  this  town  with  Pembroke.  It  has 
aoj)  inhabitants,  and  was  incoi-porated 
in  1765.  The  Indian  name  was  2\nacooi. 
it  iKas  granted  by  MaHachuf^tts,  aqd  call- 
ed Rumford.  The  co;npa(^  part  of  the 
town  contains  about  170  houfes,  a  congre- 
gational church,  and  an  academy,  which 
Was  incorporated  in  1790.  It  is  5$  miles 
W  N  W  of  Portfmouti^,  58  S  E  of  Darth- 
mouth  college,  and  70  northward  from 
Boftoh.     N  lat.  43  I  J,  W  Ion.  71  29. 

Concord,  in  Effex  co.  Vermont,  lies  on 
Connedticut  ri,ver,  oppofite  a  part  of  thq 
15  mile  falls. 

Cuitcord,  in  MafTachufetts,  a  pod  town, 
one  of  the  mod  confiderable  towns  in 
Middlefex  co.  fituated  on  Concord  river, 
in  a  healthy  and  pleafant  fpot,  nearly  in 
the  center  of  the  county,  and  i8  miles  N 
W  of  Bodon,  and  1 7  E  of  Lancader.  Its 
Indian  name  was  Mufquetequid  ;  and  it 
owes  its  pi-efent  name  to  the  peaceable; 
^anntiia  which  it  v\'a$  obtained  from  the 


natives.  The  firft  fettlers,  among  whonR 
were  the  Rev.  Meffrs.  Buckley  and  Jonet, 
having  fettled  the  purchafe,  obtained  ai| 
adl  of  incorporation,  tjept.  3, 1635  ;  and 
this  was  the  mod  didant  fettlemcnt  from 
the  fea  Ihore  of  New  England  at  that  time. 
The  fettlers  never  had  any  contell  with 
the  Indians ;  and  only  three  pcrfons  were 
ever  killed  by  them  within  the  limits  cf 
the  town  The  inhabitants  are  1679  in 
number.  For  13  years  previous  to  1791, 
the  average  number  of  deaths  was  17; 
one  in  four  of  whom  were  70  years  eld 
and  upwards.  The  public  buildings  arc, 
a  Congregational  church,  a  fpacioutt  doue 
gaol,  and  a  handfome  county  court  houfe. 
The  to'wn  isaccommodated  with  three  con* 
venient  bridges  over  the  river  ;  one  of 
which  is  ao8  feet  long,  and  18  feet  wide, 
fupported  by  1 1  piers,  built  after  the  man- 
ner of  Charles  river  bridge.  This  town 
is  famous  in  the  hidory  of  the  revolution, 
having  been  the  i^t  of  the  provincial 
congrefs  in  1774,  and^c  fpot  where  the 
fird  oppoiitiop  was  made  to  the  Britifh 
troops,  on  the  memorable  19th  of  April, 
1775.  The  general  court  have  frequent- 
ly held  their  feflions  here  w  hen  cunt:igioui 
(Ufeafes  h^v^  prevailed  in  the  capital.  N 
lat.  4a  35. 

Concord,  a  fmall  river  of  MalTachufcttc, 
foimed  of  two  branches,  whicli  unite  near 
the  center  of  the  town  of  Concord, 
whence  it  takes  its  courfe  in  N  £  and  N 
direction  thiough  Bedford  and  Billcrica, 
and  empties  itfelf  into  Merrimack  R.  at 
Tewldbury.  Concord  R.  is  remarkable 
for  the  gentlen  ;fs  of  its  current,  which  it 
fcarcely  percei  'able  by  the  eye.  At  low 
water  mark  it  is  from  100  to  200  feet  wide, 
and  from  3  to  \i  feet  deep.  During 
floods,  Concord  R.  is  near  a  mile  in 
breadth  ;  and  w'.ien  viewed  from  the 
town  of  Concord,  makes  a  fine  appear- 
ance. The  Middlefex  canal  is  fupplicd 
with  water  from  this  river. 

Concord,  a  pod  town  of  Suflex  co.  Del- 
aware, 159  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Concord,  a  townfliip  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  940  inhabitants. 

Concord,  a  fettlement  in  the  MiiTi'ippi 
Territory,  on  the  E  bank  of  the  Miflllippi, 
about  a  mile  from  the  S  line  of  Tene/Tee, 
108  miles  N  from  the  mouth  of  Yazoo  R. 
and  ai8  bcKw  ilie  Ol.io.  N  lat.  y^  SS> 
\y  Ion.  91  25. 

Condc,  Fort,  or  Mobile  city,  is  fituatcd  on 
the  W  fide  of  Mobile  bay,  in  W  Florida, 
about  40  miles  above  its  mont 'i  in  tlie  gulf 
cf  Mexico.    N  lat.  30  4:,  W  Icn.  87  57. 

Condccedc, 


1)1 


fA 


CON 


CON 


Mmiicea';  a  cape  or  prom«ntery  of  N. 
America,  in  the  province  of  Yucatan,  lOO 
mile*  W  of  Mcrida.     N  bt.  zo  50,  W  Ion. 

91  27- 

Condcfuycj  de  Areqtiipay  n.  jurif(]!(£lion 
under  the  bifhop  of  Areqin'pa,  30  league* 
!N  of  tliat  city,  in  Peru.  Here  is  culiv.itcd 
the  wild  cochineal ;  the  hidians  carry  on 
a  great  u-ade  with  thiu  article  ;  thcv 
grind  it,  and  mix  four  ounces  of  it  with 
1  i  ounces  of  violetniaize,  of  which  they 
form  cakes  of  4  ounces  each,  and  fell  it 
for  a  dollar  a  pound.  Thefc  cakes  they 
call  magnos.  This  place  abound*  alio 
with  gold  and  filvcr  mines,  which  are  not 
fo  carefully  worked  as  formerly. 

C.'nYi^ir^_^,arett]emcnt  in  Maine, Hancock 
<o.  containing,  in  i7</o,  567  inhal)  tints. 

Concgnch.'ague  Creek,  riles  near  Mercerf- 
"burg,  Franklin  co.  Pennl'ylvania,  runs 
foutherly  in  a  winding  courfe,  and  after 
fupplyiug  a  number  of  mills,  empties  into 
the  Potowmack,at  William  port,in  Wafli- 
jngton  CO.  ATaryland  ;  19  miles  S  E  of 
Hancock,  and  8  miles  .'i  of  the  Pennfylva- 
nia  line. 

Conemaugb  River,  and  Little  Conemaugh, 
are  the  head  waters  of  Kifkemanitas,  in 
Pennfylvania  :  after  pafling  through  Lau- 
rel hill  and  Chefnut  ridge,  Conemaugh 
takes  that  name  and  empties  into  the  AU 
leghauy,  49  miles  N  E  of  Pittfburg.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats,  and  there  is  a  portage 
tof  iS  miles  between  it  and  the  Frankflown 
bra  ich  of  Juniata  river. 

Canentes,  Las,  a  city  of  La  Plata  or  Par- 
aguay, in  S.  America,  in  .the  diocefe  of 
Buenos  Ayres. 

Conejleo,  a  N  w.eftem  branch  of  Tioga  R. 
in  N.  York.     See  Cankodeo  Creek. 

Conejloga,  a  townfliip  in  liancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  1271  inhabitants. 

Concfiit,  a  fmall  lake  in  the  GcnelTee 
country,  N.  York,  which  fends  its  waters 
K  W  to  GenefTee  river. 

Coitfraree,  a  confiderable  river  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, formed  by  the  confluence  of  Saluda 
and  Broad  rivers.  The  union  of  the  wa- 
ters of  Congarc  and  Wateree,  form  the 
Santce. 

ConhcSion  Creek,  in  N.  York,  is  the  north- 
ern hend  water  of  Tioga  R.  Near  iu 
mouth  is  the  town  of  Bath. 

Conneffici't,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
N.  America  called  by  the  ancient  natives 
fl-nwiiihirciit,  is  fituatcd  between  41  and  41 
2  N  lat.  and  between  71  ao  and  73  15  W 
Ion.  Irs  grearcft  breadth  is  72  mileii,  its 
length  100  rri,("i  ;  bounded  N  by  MafTa- 
chuletts ;  E  bj  Rhode  I.  S  by  the  found 


which  divides  it  from  Long  I.  and  W  tf 
the  ftute  of  N.  York.    This  flatc  contains 
about  4674  fquare  miles ;  equal  to  about 
1,640,000  acres.  It  is  divided  into  8  coun- 
ties, viz.  Fairfield,  New  Haven,  Middle- 
fcx  and  H.  London,  which  extend  along 
the  (bund  from  W  to  E.  UtchfieU,  Hart- 
ford, Tolland,  and  Windham,  extend  in 
the  fame  diredion  on  the  border  of  the 
ftate  of  MaiTachufctts.     The  counties  are 
divided  and   fubdivided  into  townlhips 
and  pariilics ;  in  each  of  which  is  one  or 
mere    places    of   public    worfli  p,    and 
fchool   houfes    at   convenient    diftances. 
The  nuniber  of  townfliips  is  about  too. 
Each  townfliip  is  a  corporation  invefled 
with  powers  fufficient  for  their  own  in- 
ternal rogul-ition.    The  number  of  repre- 
fcntativos  isfometimes  i8o;but;nore  com- 
monly about  160;  a  number  fully  adequate 
to  legiHate  for  a  wife  and  virtuous  people^ 
well  informed  and  jealous  of  their  rights  t 
and  whofe  external  circumflances  approach 
nearer  to  equality  than  thofe,  perhaps,  of 
any  other  peop'ein  a  Qate.of  civilization, 
in   the  world.    The  principal  rivers  iti 
this  date  are,  Conneiflicut,  Houfatonick, 
the  Thames,  and  their  branches,  which* 
with  fuch  others  as  are  wor:  hy  of  notice* 
will  be  defcribed  under  their  refpedUve 
names.    The  whole  of  the  fea  coalt  is  in- 
dented with  harbours,  many  of  which  are 
fafe  and  commodious  ;  thofe  of  N.  London 
and  N.  Haven   are   the  moft    impqftant^ 
This  ftate  fends  7  rcprefentatives  to  Con- 
grefs.    Connedlicut,  though  fubje<St  to  tli* 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  in  their  feafons, 
and  to  frequent  fudden  changes,  i«  very 
healthful.     It  is  generally  broken  land* 
made  up  of  mountains  of  moderate  height, 
hills  and  vallies  ;  and  is  exceedingly  well 
watered.     Some  fmall  parts  of  it  are'rti^n 
and  barren.    Its  principal  produ<5ki6ris  are 
Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat  in  many  parts  of 
the  ftate,  oats,  and  barley  ,wliich  are  hea- 
vy and  good,  and  of  late,  buck  wheat ;  flax 
in  large  quantities ;  fomc  hemp,  potatoes 
of  feveral  kiuus,  pumpkins,  turnips,  peas, 
beans,  &c.  &c.     Fruits  of  all  kinds  which 
are  common  to  the  climate.    The  foil  is 
very  wcU   calculated  for  pafturage  and 
mowing,  which  enables  the  farmers  to  feed 
large  numbers  of  neat  cattle  and  hor*"?*. 
The  trade  of  Connecticut  is  principally 
with  the  W  India  illands,  and  is  carried 
on  in  veflcls  fiom  60  to  140  tons.    The 
exports  confiu  of  horfes,  mules,  oxen,  oak 
ftaves,   hoops,  pine  boards,  oak  planks, 
beans,  Indian  corn,  fifl-.,  beef,  pork,  &c. 
Horfes,  live  cattle,  and  lumber,  are  per- 
mitted 


CON 


corr 


mitted  In  the  *Duf ch,  ifli,  and  French 
ports.  A  large  number  jf  coafting  vcllcls 
are  employed  in  carrying  the  produce  of 
the  Aate  to  other  ftate*.  'i'o  Rhode  I. 
MalTachufcttt  and  N.  Hnmpniirc,  they 
carry  pork,  wheat,  corn  and  ry».  To  N. 
and  S.  Carolina, andGeorgia,hatter,cheefc, 
lalted  beef,  cyder,  applet,  potatoos,  hay, 
ttx.  and  receive  in  return,  rice  indigo  and 
money.  But  as  N.  Yovk  h  nearer,  ai  d  the 
fiate  of  the  mrtrkets  always  well  known, 
much  of  the  produce  of  Connedlicut,  ef- 
pecially  of  the  wcftcrn  parts,  is  carried 
there ;  particularly  pot  and  pearl  aHics, 
flaxfced,  beef,  pork,  chcefe  and  butter,  in 
large  quantities.  Mod  of  the  produce  of 
Cpnnedlicut  river  from  the  parts  of  Maf- 
fachufctts,  N.  Hampfliire  and  Vermont,  at 
well  as  of  Conneil^icut,  which  are  adjacent, 
goes  to  the  feme  market.  Confiderable 
quantitiei  of  the  produce  of  the  er.Qcrn 
parts  of  tiie  (late,  are  marketed  at  Boflon, 
Providence,  and  Norwich.  The  value  of 
the  whole  exported  produce  and  commod- 
ities from  this  ftate,  before  the  year  1774, 
was  then  edimated  at  about  ^C^oo.ooo 
hwful  money,  annually.  In  the  year  end- 
ing Sept  30, 1791,  the  amount  of  foreign 
exports  was  7io,.740  dollars,  be(ide  articles 
carried  to  diflfercnt  parts  of  the  U.  S.  to 
ft  great  amount.  In  the  year  1792,749,925 
dolls,  in  the  year  1793,  770,2.19- dolls,  in 
the  year  1794,  8':;6,746  dolls,  and  in  the 
year  1801,  1,606,809  dolls.  This  ftate 
o\vns  and  employs  in  the  foreign  and 
coafting  trade,  32,867  tons  of  fliipping. 
The  farmers  in  ConneiSticut,  and  their 
famih'es,  are  moftly  clothed  in  plain,  de- 
cent, homefpun  cloth.  Their  linens  and 
woollens,  are  manufadhired  in  the  family 
way ;  and  although  they  are  generally  of 
a  coarfer  kind,  they  are  of  a  flronger  tex- 
Uire  and'  much  more  durable  than  thofe 
nnported  from  France  and  Great  Britain. 
Many  of  their  cloths  are  fine  ^nd  hanrU 
fome.  Here  are-  large  orchards  of  mul- 
berry trees  ;  and  filk  worms  have  been 
reared  fo  fuccefsfully,  as  to  proniife,  not 
•nly  a  fupply  of  filk  to^the  inhabitants, 
but  a  furpluffage  for  exportation.  In  N. 
Haven,  are  linen  and  button  manufa<f>o- 
ries.  In  Hartford,  a  woollen  manufadlo- 
ry  has  been  eftablifhed  ;  likewife  glafs 
works,  a  fnuflT  and  powder  mill,  iron 
works,  and  a  flitting  mill.  Iron  works  are 
eftablidied  alfo  at  Salifbury,  Norwich,  and 
•ther  parts  of  the  'date.  At  Stafi<)rd  is 
a,  furnace  at  which  are  made  large  quan- 
tities of  hollow  ware,  and  other  ironmon- 
frry,  fuffici«nt  f  fupply  tha  whok  date. 


?apcr  IS  manufafturcd  at  Norwich,  ?fsrV 
ford,  N.  Haven,  and  ia  Litchfield  county. 
Ironmongery,  hats,  candle^i,  leather,  fliuea* 
and  hoots,  uie  manufadtured  In  this  date. 
A  duck  mituufadtory  Itas  been  ed.ihlillicd 
at  Stratford.  The  d.ite  ot  C'onnetSkicut  i» 
laid  out  in  imall  farms,  from  50  :o  300  and 
400  acres-  each,  which  are  held  by  the 
farmers  in  fee  fimple ;  and  are  generally 
well  cultivated.  The  d.ite  is  chcquereJt 
with  innumerable  roadsur  highways  erod- 
ing each  other  in  every  djre<5lion  A 
traveller  in  any  cf  thele  roads,  even  in 
the  mod  unfettled  parts  of  the  date,  will 
fcldom  pafs  more  than  half  a  mile  or  n 
mile  without  finding  a  houfc,  and  a  farm 
under  fuch  improvements,  as  to  afford  the 
necelHirics  for  the  liipport  of  a  familv. 
The  whole  dat?  rciemblcs  a  well  culti- 
vated garden,  winch,  with  that  degree  of 
indiidry  that  is  necoflary  to  happinefj, 
produces  the  necelVarics  and  convenience*, 
of  life  in  great  plenty.  The  inhabitant* 
are  almod  entirely  of  Englifh  defcent. 
There  are  no  Dutch,  French,  or  German,, 
and  very  few  Scotch  or  Irifli  people,  in 
any  part  of  the  date.  The  original  dock 
from  which  have  fprung  a.l  the  prefent 
inhabitants  of  Connc<£lieut,  and  the  nu- 
merous emigrants  from  the  fhitc,  to  every. 
part  of  the  U.  States,  conllfted  of  3C00 
fouls,  who  fettled  in  the  towns  of  Hart- 
ford, N  Haven,  WindCor,  Guilford,  Mil- 
ford  and  Weathersfield,  about  the  yca:> 
1635  and  1636.  In  1756,  the  population 
eftlie  dat^  amounted  to  130,611  fouls;  la 
1774,  to  I97,'<5j6  ;  in  1782,  to  302,877 
whites,  and  6273  Indians  and  negroes  ;  iji 
1790,  to  237,946  perfons,  of  whom  2764 
were  (laves:  in  1800,  to  251,002,  951-: 
being  (laves.  The  people  of  Connetf^icut 
are  remarkably  fond  of  having  all  their 
difputes,  even  thofe  of  tlie  mod  trivial 
kind,  fettled  according  to  law.  The  prev- 
alence of  this  lit-.gious  f'pirit,  afP  rds  em- 
ployment and  I'upport  for  a  numerous. 
body  of  lawyers.  That  patty  fpirit,  hovv.i 
ever,  which  is  the  bane  of  political  happi- 
nefs,  has  not  r.nncd  with  fuch  violence  la 
this  date,  as  in  Maffachufetts  and  Rhode  I. 
Public  proceedings  ha\  j  been  conducHed 
generally  with  much  calmnera  :ind  candor. 
I'he  people  are  well  informed  as  to  thcif 
rights,  and  judicious  in  fecuring  them.  Po- 
litical tranquillity  and  luianimity  follow. 
All  religions,  that  are  coi.'ftcnt  with  ths 
peace  of  focicty,  arc  tolerated  in  Connec- 
ticut ;  liberality  and  catholicifm  pievai!. 
There  arc  very  few  rollj^ious  I'cdls  in  tlu* 
date.     The  bulk  vf  t!ic  people  are  Corl^• 

jrcs-tionaliits. 


1; 


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I'll.'* 

m 

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.;?-  ^■" 
Ml , 


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tm. 


v'-m 


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i; 


tOti 

^egationalifti.  Bofide  thcfe,  there  ar? 
J':pilropati»nB  and  BaptUb.  The  clergjr  of 
thia  ftate  are  a  refpe<^tmble  body  of  learn- 
ed and  ferioui  men,  enjoying  a  happy  and 
ufeful  fliare  of  influence  among  their  peo- 
ple, efpeeially  of  late,  fincc  the  revivals  of 
religion  through  a  great  part  of  the  (late. 
The  damage  fuftained  by  thi»  (tate  in  the 
late  war, was  cftimnted  at  £46i,»35-i6-i. 
To  compenfute  the  fu(fercrt,  the  Ocneral 
Cmirtjin  May  1 79t,grantod  them  500,000 
acres  of  the  weftern  part  of  the  referved 
lands  of  Counedticut, which  lie  W  of  Penn- 
fylvania.  There  are  a  great  number  of 
■very  plcafant  towns,  both  maritime  and 
inland,  in  Connedlicut.  It  contains  five 
cities,  incorporated  with  extenlive  jurif- 
diiSkion  in  civil  caufrs.  Two  of  thcfe, 
Hartford  and  N.  Hiv(,>r,  are  capitals  of  the 
.  Hate.  The  general  ai'i.mbly  is  holden  at 
the  former  in  May,  au-l  at  th<i  latter  in 
0«Slober,  annually.  The  other  cities  are 
Jlew  London,  Norwich,  and  Middleton. 
Weathersficld,\Vindfor,Fnrmington4-.itch- 
f;cld,Milford,.Stratford,FairliGld,Guilford, 
Stamford,  Windham,  Sutfieid,  and  Enfield, 
are  all  conflderable  and  very  pleafant 
towns.  Every  town  in  the  ftate  is  divid- 
ed into  difh-icts,  and  each  diflridt  has  a 
public  fchool  kept  in  it  at  a  greater  or  Icfs 
pait  o ' ci'ery  year.  Somewhat  more  than 
One  third  of  tlie  monies  arifing  from  a  tax 
•n  the  polls  and  rateable  edate  of  the  in- 
habitants, is  appropriated  to  the  fupport 
4>f  fchools  in  the  feveral  tcwns,  for  the  ed- 
ucation of  children  and  youth.  The  law 
^redts  that  a  grammar  fchool  fliall  be 
i:ept  in  every  county  town  throughout 
the  (late.  Yale  College  is  an  eminent  fem- 
inary  of  learning,  and  was  founded  in  the 

J  ear  1 700,  Sec  Talf  Co/!fgr.  Academics 
ave  been  cftablifhed  at  Greenfield,  Plain- 
Seld,  Norwich,  Windham,  and  Pomfret, 
fomo  of  which  are  flourifliing.  The  con- 
ftitution  of  ConneiSlidut  is  founded  on  their 
eharter,  v.'hicli  was  granted  by  Ciiarles  II. 
{n  i66a,  ?v.d  on  a  law  of  the  flate.  Con- 
tented with  this  form  of  government,  the 
people  have  not  been  difpofed  to  run  the 
hazard  of  framing  a  new  conftitution 
fince  the  declaration  of  independence. 
Agreeably  to  this  charter,  the  fupreme 
legillative  authority  of  the  (late  is  veded 
in  a  governor,  deputy  governor,  twelve 
affidants  or  counfellors,  and  the  reprefen- 
tatives  of  tlie  people,  (lyled  tlie  General 
AfTembly.  The  governor,  deputy  gov- 
ernor and  afllflanti  are  annually  chofen 
by  the  freemen  in  the  month  of  Mav. 
The  reprefontativcs  (their  number  not  ex- 


CON 

reed  two  from  etch  town)  are  chofen  bJT 
the  freemen  twice  a  year,  to  attend  th^ 
two  annual  fefiions  on  the  fecond  TueT- 
days  of  May  and  Odlober.  The  Gene- 
ral AfTembly  is  divided  into  two  branchet 
called  the  upper  and  lower  houfcs.  The 
upper  houfe  is  compofed  of  the  governor, 
deputy  governor  and  adidants  The  low- 
er houfe  of  the  reprefentatives  of  the  pe(> 
pie.  No  law  can  pafs  without  the  con- 
currence of  both  houfei.  Gonnedticut  hal 
ever  made  rapid  advances  in  population. 
There  have  been  more  emigrations  from 
this,  than  from  any  of  the  other  dates  ; 
and  yet  is  it  full  of  inhabitants.  This  in* 
crcafe  may  be  afcribed  to  feveral  caufes. 
The  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  indudri- 
ous,  fagacious  hulbandmen.  Their  farnie 
furnifli  them  With  all  the  necefTaries,  inoft 
of  the  conveniencies,  and  but  few  of  the 
luxuries  of  life.  They,  of  courfe,  mud  b« 
generally  temperate,  and  if  they  choofcs, 
can  fublld  with  as  much  independenc* 
as  is  confident  with  happinefs.  The  fub- 
fiidcnce  of  the  farmer  is  fubdantial,  and 
does  not  depend  on  incidental  circum- 
dances,  like  that  of  mod  other  profedionsk 
There  is  nO  ni^ceiTity  of  ferving  an  appren- 
tice(hip  to  the  bufinefs,  nor  of  a  large 
dock  of  money  to  commence  it  to  advan- 
tage. Farmers,  who  deal  much  in  barter^ 
have  lefs  need  of  money  than  any  other 
clafs  of  people.  The  eafe  with  which  a 
cbmfortable  fubfldence  is  obtained,  in> 
duces  the  hufbandman  lo  marry  young. 
The  cultivation  of  his  farm  makes  him 
drong  and  healthful.  He  toils  cheerfully 
through  the  day  ;  eats  the  fruit  of  hi* 
own  labour  with  a  gladfome  heart ;  at 
night  devoutly  thanks  his  bounteous  God 
for  his  daily  bleillngs ;  retires  to  red,  and 
his  fleep  is  fweet.  Such  circumdances  as 
thefe  have  greatly  contributed  to  the  a- 
mazing  increafe  of  inhabitants  in  thii 
date.  Property  is  equally  enough  divid- 
ed, and  mud  continue  to  be  fo,  as  long  a* 
edatcs  defcend  as  they  now  do.  To  vote 
for  legiflators  aperfon  mud  take  the  free- 
man's oath.  No  perfon  is  allowed  to  take 
this  oath  till  he  is  approved  by  the  feledt- 
men  of  the  town,  and  tWo  judicts  of  the 
peace,  as  a  man  of  peaceable  behaviour, 
and  good  moral  charaAer,  and  alfo  that  he 
pofTefles  a  freehold  edate  of  40  fliillings, 
or  a  perlbnal  eftate  oi  £40.  Hence  there 
is  never  fuch  a  lo*  mob  at  eledlicns  here 
as  in  fome  neighbouring  dates.  He  who 
has  the  mod  therit,  cot  he  who  has  the 
mod  money,  is  generally  chofen  into  pub- 
lic odice.     As  iudances  of  this,  it  is  to  b* 

vbferved, 


COM 


CON 


j^tjferved,  tlut  many  of  the  citlzeni  of 
ConncAlcut,  from  the  humble  walks  of 
life,  have  arifcn  to  the  fird  officer  in  the 
Aatu,  and  filled  them  with  dignity  and 
reputation.  That  bafe  l)ufinef8  ol  ele(5lion- 
«ering,  which  is  fo  diredWy  calculated  to 
introduce  wicked  and  defigning  men  into 
oflicc,  18  yet  but  little  known  in  Connidli- 
cut.  \  man  who  wiflics  to  be  chofen  in- 
to ofTu  e,  a(£l»  wifely,  for  that  end,  when 
he  keeps  his  defircs  to  himfclf.  A  third 
for  learning  prevails  among  all  ranks  of 
people  in  the  flatc  More  of  the  young 
men  in  Conrieifticut,  in  proportion  to  their 
numbers,  receive  a  public  education,  than 
in  any  of  the  ftates.  The  revolution, 
which  fo  eflentially  afTeeled  the  govern- 
ment of  moft  of  the  colonics,  pi oduced  no 
Very  perceptible  alteration  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Conne<n:icut  While  under  the 
jurifditStion  of  Great  Britain,  they  cledled 
their  own  governors,  and  all  fubordinate 
civil  officers,  and  made  their  own  laws,  in 
the  fame  manner,  and  with  as  little  control 
as  they  now  do.  Connctflicut  has  ever 
been  a  republic  ;  and  perhaps  as  per- 
fcdl  and  as  happy  a  republic  as  ever 
cxided.  While  other  ftates,  more  mo- 
narchical in  their  government  and  man- 
ners, have  been  under  a  neceflity  of  un- 
dertaking the  difficult  taik  of  altering  their 
Bid,  or  forming  new  conftitutions,  and  of 
changing  their  monarchical  for  republi- 
can manners,  Connedlicut  has  uninter- 
ruptedly proceeded  in  her  old  track,  both 
as  to  government  and  manners ;  and,  by 
thefe  means,  has  avoided  thofe  convulfions 
which  have  rent  other  ftatcs  into  violent 
parties.  The  prefent  territory  of  Con- 
nedticut,  at  the  time  of  the  firft  arrival  of 
the  Englifli,  was  pofTefled  by  the  Pequot, 
the  Mohegan,  Podunk,  and  many  otlier 
fmaller  tribes  of  Indians.  In  1774  there 
Were  of  the  defcendants  of  the  ancient 
natives,  only  i.'?6,i  pcrfons  ;  the  greater 
part  of  whom  lived  at  Mohegan,  between 
Norwich  and  New  London.  From  the 
natural  decreafe  of  the  Indians,  it  is  im- 
agined that  their  number  in  this  (l.ite  does 
not  now  exceed  400.  The  firft  qrant  of 
ConneAicut  was  made  by  the  Plymouth 
council  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  in  16,^0. 
The  year  following  the  Earl  afligned  this 
grant  to  Lord  Say  and  Seal,  Lord  Brook, 
and  nine  others.  '  Some  Indian  traders  fet- 
tled at  Windfor  in  i^.^.V  The  fame  vear, 
a  little  before  the  arrival  of  the  Englifh,  a 
few  Dutch  trader*  fettled  at  Hartford, 
and  the  remains  of  the  fettlement  are  flill 
Tifible  on  the  bank  of  Connadlicut   R. 

V'VL.  I.  P 


In  i6j4,  Lonfl  Say  and  Seal,  &c.  tett 
over  a  fniatl  number  of  men,  who 
built  a  fort  at  Saybrook,  and  made  a  trc»* 
ty  with  the  Pequot  Indians  for  the  landa 
on  Coniieirticiit  R.  Mr.  Haynei  and  Mr. 
Hooker  left  Maflachufetts  bay  in  16341 
and  fettled  in  Hartford.  The  following 
year  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Davenport  feat* 
ed  theffelves  at  New  Haven.  In  1644, 
the  Conneiflicut  adventurers  purcliaf'cd  of 
Mr.  Fenwick,  agent  for  Lords  Say  and 
Seal,  and  I^ord  Brook,  their  right  to  th« 
colony,  for  X^i6oo.  Conncfticut  a^d  N. 
Haven  continued  two  diftind:  govern- 
ments for  many  years.  At  length,  John 
Winthrop,  Efq.  who  had  been  chof- 
en governor  of  Connetflicut,  was  employ- 
ed to  folicit  a  royal  charter.  In  i66a, 
Charles  II.  granted  a  charter,  conftituting 
the  two  colonicii  forever  one  body  cor- 
porate and  politic,  by  the  name  of  "  The 
governor  and  company  of  Connedicut." 
New  Haven  took  the  alFair  ill ;  but  in 
1665,  all  difficuhies  were  amicably  ad- 
jufted ;  and  as  has  been  already  obferved, 
this  charter  ftill  continues  to  be  the  bafi» 
of  their  government. 

ConncHicut,  the  mofl:  confiderable  river 
intheeaflern  part  of  the  United  States, 
rifes  in  the  highlands  which  feparate  the 
ftates  of  Vermont  and  N.Hampfliirefrom 
L.  Canada.  It  has  been  fur^'eycd  about 
25  miles  beyond  the  45th  degree  of  lat.  to 
the  head  fpring  of  its  northern  branch  ; 
from  which,  to  its  mouth,  is  upwards  of 
.100  miles,  through  a  thick  fettled  country ; 
having  upon  its  banks  a  great  number  of 
the  moft  flourifliing  and  pleafant  towns  in 
the  U.  States.  It  is  from  80  to  100  rods 
wide,  130  miles  from  its  mouth.  Its  courfe 
between  Vermont  and  N.  Humpfln're  is 
generally  PSW,  as  likewife  through  Mafla- 
chufetts,  and  part  of  Connedicut,  until  it 
reaches  the  city  ofMiddlcton  ;  after  which 
it  runs  a  S  S  E  courfe  to  its  mouth.  The 
navigation  of  this  bc.iutiful  river,  which, 
like  the  Nile,  fertilizes  the  lands  through 
which  it  runs,  is  much  obftnit'led  bv  falls. 
Two  of  thefe  are  between  N.  Hnm'pfliire 
and  Vermont,  the  firft  are  called  the  Fif- 
teen mile  falls.  Here  the  river  is  rapid 
for  20  miles.  The  fecond  remarkable 
fall  is  at  Walpole,  formerly  called  tJie 
Great  Fall,  but  now  named  Bellows'  Falls. 
Above  thefe,  the  breadth  of  the  river  is,  in 
fome  places,  ai,  in  other  places  not  above 
16  rods.  The  depth  of  the  channel  it 
about  a?  feet ;  and  commonly  runs  full  rf 
water.  In  Sept.  179a,  however,  owing  to 
the  fevere  drought,  the  water  of  the  river, 

ic 


Vi 


CON 


CON 


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If 


It  rHuI, «  mlTed  within  the  fp.ice  of  il  feet 
wide,  and  i\  feet  deep."  A  large  rock  di- 
Tidc»  the  ftream  into  two  channuN,  carh 
about  90  feet  wide.  When  tlic  river  in 
low  tlic  caAern  channel  in  dry,  beinj; 
crulTed  by  a  folid  rock ;  and  tlic  whole 
ftream  falls  into  the  wcflcm  channil, 
where  it  it  controlled  to  the  breadth  ot 
16  feet,  and  flows  with  afluniflting  rapidi- 
ty. There  are  fcvcral  pitches,  one  aliove 
another,  in  the  length  of  hiilf  a  mile  ;  the 
largeft  of  which  i»  that  where  the  rock  dl- 
ridcs  the  flrcani.  y*  t»ridge  of  timber  was 
projedeJ  over  this  fall,  by  Col.  Hale,  in 
the  year  1784,  ,365  feet  long,  and  fupport- 
ed  in  the  middle  bv  the  illand  rock  ;  un- 
der which  tiie  highcft  lloods  pafs  without 
injuring  it.  It  connckflii  W.ilpolc  in  New 
Hamplhirc,with  Rockingham  in  Vermont. 
Notwiihftanding  the  velocity  of  the  cur- 
rent at  Bellows'  Falls  above  dcfcribcd.the 
falmon  pafs  up  the  river,  and  are  taken 
many  miles  above  ;  but  the  ih.id  proceed 
no  farther.  On  the  deep  fides  of  the  ill- 
and rock,  at  the  fall,  hang  feveral  arm 
chairii,  fecurcd  by  a  counterpoifc ;  in  thcfc 
the  filherincn  fit  to  catch  falmon  with 
fiHiing  nets.  In  the  courfe  of  the  river 
through  Mad'achufetts,  arc  the  falls  at 
South  Hadlcy,  around  which,  locks  aud 
canals  were  completed  in  1795,  by  an  en- 
terprifmg  company,  incorporated  for  that 
purpofe  in  179*,  by  the  Icgiilature  of 
Maflachufetts.  In  ConneifVicut  the  river 
is  obflrutfled  by  falls  at  Enfield ;  to  render 
which  navigable  in  boats,  a  company  has 
been  incorporated,  and  a  fum  of  money 
raifed  by  lottery,  but  nothing  efFedhiat  is 
yet  done.  The  average  defcent  of  this 
river  from  Weathersfield  in  Vermont,  150 
miles  from  its  mouth,  is  two  feet  to  a  mile, 
according  to  the  barometrical  obferva- 
tions  of  J.  Winthrop,  Efq.  made  in  1786. 
Theriversor  flreams  which  fall  into  Con- 
nedlicut  R.  are  numerous  ;  fuch  of  them 
as  are  wocthy  of  notice  will  be  I'een  under 
their  refpedlive  names.  At  it*  mouth  is  a 
bar  of  fand  which  confiderably  obflruo^s 
the  navigation  ;  it  has  to  feet  water  on  it 
at  full  tides,  and  the  fame  depth  to  Mid- 
dleton,  from  which  the  bar  is  36  miles  dif- 
tant.  Above  Middleton,  there  are  flioals 
which  have  only  6  feet  water  at  high 
tide ;  and  here  the  tide  ebbs  and  flows  but 
about  8  inches.  Three  miles  above  that 
city,  the  river  is  contraifted  to  about  40 
rods  in  breadth,  by  two  high  mountains. 
On  almoft  every  other  part  of  the  river 
the  banks  are  low,  and  fpread  into  fine 
fKtmfive  meadows.    la  the  fpring  fbodi, 


win'ch  j'cnerally  happen  in  May,  the% 
meadows  are  coveretl  with  water.  At 
Hartford,  the  water  fomctimes  fifes  lofeet 
above  the  coniu)(>n  i'urface  of  the  river, 
and  the  water  huvi  ig  no  other  oiulet, 
but  the  al'oveineiitioned  flrait  it  it 
fomctimes  i  or  3  weeks  before  it  returnt 
to  its  ulual  bed.  Thcfc  floods  add  noth- 
ing to  the  depth  of  water  on  the  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  as  the  bar  lies  too  far 
oil' in  the  found  to  be  affeded  by  them. 
This  river  is  navigable  to  Hartford  city, 
upwards  of  50  miles  from  its  mouth ;  and 
the  produce  of  the  country  for  aoo  milet 
above  it  is  brought  thither. iu  Imats  The 
boats  which  are  ufed  in  this  bulincfs  are 
flat  bottomed,  long  and  narrow,  and  of  fo 
light  a  make  as  to  be  portable  in  carts. 
Before  the  conftrui^ion  of  locks  and  canals 
on  this  river,  they  were  taken  out  at  3  dif- 
ferent carrying  places,  all  of  which  made 
15  mites  It  is  expedled  that  in  a  few 
years  the  obflrudlions  will  be  all  removed. 
Sturgeon,  falmon,  and  fliad,  are  caught  in 
plenty  in  their  I'eafon,  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river  upwards,  excepting  Aurgeon, 
which  do  not  afcend  the  upper  falls  ;  be- 
ftde  a  variety  of  fmall  fiili,  fuch  as  pike, 
carp,  perch,  &c.  There  is  yet  a  ftrong 
expectation  of  opening  a  communication 
between  this  river  and  the  Merrimack, 
through  Sugar  R.  which  runs  into  the  Con- 
netflicut  at  Claremont  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  the  Contoocook,  which  falls  into  the 
Merrimack  at  Bofcawen,  From  this  river 
were  employed  in  1 789,  three  brigs,  of  1 80 
tons  each,  m  the  European  trade ;  and 
about  60  fail,  from  60  to  150  tons,  in  the 
W.  India  trade,  befide  a  few  fifhermen, 
and  40  or  50  coafting  veflels.  The  number 
has  confidcrably  increafed  fince. 

Cnnntffrcut,  a  ftream  in  l^ng  Illand,  N. 
York,  which  falls  into  a  bay  at  the  S  fide 
of  the  iilanif.  It  lies  2  miles  to  the  foutk- 
ward  of  Rockonkama  pond. 

ConncSlic-it,  Netv,  in  the  State  of  Ohiov 
See  Trumbull  co. 

Conncllfville,  a  poft  town,  Fayette  C9. 
Pennfylvania,  on  Youghiogany  river,  aao 
miles  from  Wafliington.  It  is  the  (liire 
town  of  the  co.  Half  a  mile  below  the 
town  are  %  forges,  and  a  merchant  mill, 
and  various  other  mills.  The  inhabitants 
are  Friends,  BaptiAsandMethodifU.  Their 
meeting  houfe  is  below  the  town.  Thii 
is  the  head  of  navigation. 

Continental  f^r/liifre,  was  fituated  On  Hud- 

fon  R.  in  N.  York  Aate.    Before  its  def- 

ArudWonbySirHcnryClinton,inOdl:.i777, 

there  were  here  barracks  for  2000  men. 

^  Convtrfiitiwi 


I 


coo 


coo 


t*Hw/jlUn  faint,  a  head  land  on  the 
B  Ade  of  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  California. 
N  iat.  .1130,  W  Ion.  119. 

Camvay,  a  townfhip  in  the  province  nf 
N.  Brunfwicic,  Sudbury  co.on  the  W  bank 
of  St.  John's  R.  h  hat  the  bay  of  luiuly 
on  the  fi,  and  at  the  wcAcriiniuft  point  ut 
the  towndiip  there  is  a  pretty  good  liar- 
bour  called  MulquaHi  cove. 

CoMtvay,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  E  corner 

ef  StraflTurd  co.  N.  >lampnure,  on  a  bcnil 

n  Saco  river,  incorporated  in   1765,  and 

contains  705   inhabitants.     It  was  colled 

J'igwaelel  by  the  Indian*. 

Conway,  a  thriving  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
fliire  CO.  Maflachufetts,  incorponited  111 
1767,  and  contains  aoi8  iniubitants,  13 
miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 

Coitya,  a  river  in  Surinam,  or  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America. 

Cooloomi,  an  Indian  town  on  the  W  fide 
•f  Talapooi'e  R.  a  branch  of  the-  Mobile. 
Caoi'j  R.  or  Inlet,  on  the  N  W  coall  ut 
America,  difcovered  by  C'apt.  Cook.wlio 
traverfed  it  aio  miles  from  its  entrance, 
and  concluded  it  a  channel  through  which 
a  N  W  paflage  might  ultini.ucly  be  dil'cov- 
«red.     Capt.  Vancouver,  in  the  fpring  'f 
1794,    explored     this  celebrated     river, 
which  commences  in  N  lat.  59  10,  W  Ion. 
from  Greenwich  151,  and  after  afcend- 
ing  it  as  high  as  lat.  61  19  N,  W  loo.  148 
45,  found  its  termination.     It  ieof  courCe 
no  longer  confidered  as  a  river,  but  only 
an  Inlet,  or  a  long  and  narrow  arm  of  the 
fca,  extending  from  S  W  to  N  E,  between 
he  latitudes  abovemcntioned.     Its  banks 
are  inhabited    by  fomc  Ruilians  and  in- 
dians  of  a  very  humane  charaiSler.     Of  a 
number,  to  whom  Capt  Vancouver,  fliew- 
ed  kindnefs, he  gives  thcfollowingaccount. 
**   They  departed  fliewiMg  a  very  high 
fenfe  of  gratitude  for  the  knidncfs  and  at- 
tention with  which  they  had  been   treat- 
ed.    WhilQ   on  board  tliey  had  behaved 
with  a  degree  of  modefty  and  decorum 
rarely  found  amougfl  men  in  a  fai  moie 
civilized  (late  ;  and  notwithfl;anding  they 
had  been   conftantly  expofcd  to  tempta- 
tions by  articles  lying  in  their  way,  which 
were  of  the  nioft  valuable  nature  in  their 
eflimation,  not  the  moft  trifling  thing  was 
inifled,  nor  did  their  honefly  in  any  re- 
fpei5t  fulFer  the  lead  impeachment.    They 
rcpofed  the  utmod  confidence  in  our  in- 
tegrity,   and    confidered    themfelvcs    as 
much  at  home  in  our  fociety  as  if  we  had 
long  been  their  mod  intimate    friends. 
In  iTiort,  if  the   condudt  they  exhibited 
iiuring  the  time  they  pafl'ed  with  us  is  to 


be  received  at  their  general  natiantl  char* 
aClcr,  it  indicates  tnem  to  be  a  people 
unuduutcd,  by  ambitioni  jcalouly,  or  av- 
arice, the  pallions  which  lo  ftron^ly  ope- 
ratcon  the  human  fueciesitoproduceacon* 
Ihint  dread  and  variance  with  each  ()ther« 
and  fbmulatc  to  adit  of  opprelUon,  vio- 
lence and  rapacity,  as  well  on  their  near- 
etl  neighbours,  as  the  moft  didant  ftran- 
gtrs."  "  Many  of  the  natives  were  feen 
about  their  habitations  as  our  party  palT- 
I'd  ;Uong  the  bay,  and  where  they  had  occi- 
fion  to  land,  fon»e  of  thei'e  good  people  ob- 
fcrving  tl-  the  boats  were  prevented,  by 
the  flioaU,  from  reaching  the  fliore,  they 
rudiud  into  the  water,  notwithdanding 
the  weather  was  very  cold  and  iinpleal'ant, 
and  oflcrcd  kheir  friendly  allidance  to 
land  our  gentlemen,  by  carrying  them 
through  the  witer ;  which  acceptable  fer- 
vice,  they  not  only  performed  with  the 
greatcd  care  and  attention,  but  made 
llieir  new  vifuors  fome  trivial  prcfcnts ; 
which  were  recompenfcd  by  returns  higii- 
ly  fatisfadlory  to  them." 

Cooihoiife,  on  the  Cookquago  branch  of 
Delaware  R.  is  fituated  in   the  townfliip 
of  Colchefter,  N.  York,  ncai  the  PennfjU 
pvania  line. 

Cooprrs  IJland, One  of  tiie  lefler  virgin 
Ifles  in  the  W  Indies,  fituated  S  W  of  Gin- 
ger innnd,and  uninhabited.  It  is  5  miles 
long,  and   i  broad.     N  lat.  18  5,  W  Ion. 

6a  J  7- 

and  navigable  river 
V  ters  with  Afiilcy  R. 
city  in  S.  Carolin.i. 
Thele  form  a  fpacious  and  convenient 
harbour,  which  communicates  with  the 
ocean,  jud  below  .''uliivan's  Ifland,  which 
it  leaves  on  the  N,  7  miles  S  E  of  the  city. 
In  thefe  rivers  tbc  tide  rifes  6^  feet. 
Cooper  R.  is  a  mile  wide  at  the  ferry,  9 
miles  above  Charledon.  A  canal  from 
the  hc.id  of  this  river  to  Santee  opens  a 
communication  between  Charledun  and 
the  interior  country. 

Cooperi  Tiiivn,  a  pod  town  and  town- 
fliip, in  Otfcgo  CO.  N.  York,  and  is  the 
conip.idt  part  of  the  townfliip  of  Otfego, 
and  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  It  is  pleaf- 
antly  iituatcd  at  the  S  W  end  of  the  lake, 
on  its  banks,  and  thofe  of  its  outlet ;  75 
m'les  W  of  Albany.  Hiie  are  a  court 
bouXe,  gaol,  and  academy.  It  is  rapidly 
increafing,  and  built  in  regular  fquares. 
N  lat.  4i  44,  W  Ion.  74  48. 

Cooper]  Ferry,  in Gloccder  co.N.  Jerfey ; 
a  pod  office  is  kept  here,  i  ]9  miles  N  £ 
from  Wsdhingtoa. 

C»oper\ 


Cooper,  a    large 
which  mingles  its  '• 
below    Charledon 


,;  I    - 

■:/■•!■ 


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tfptt^s.,  a  village  in  York  co.  Pennfyl- 
Tania,  on  the  W  bank  of  Sufquehanna, 
on  the  Maryland  line.  This  place,  in 
1785,  was  a  wilderntfs,  Nine  years  after, 
it  contained  1800  inhabitants ;  a  !argu 
and  handfome  church,  with  a  fteeple  ;  a 
market  houfe  and  a  bettering  houle  ;  a 
library  of  laoo  volumes,  and  an  academy 
of  64  fcholarg.  Four  hundred  and  feven- 
ty  pipes  were  laid  under  ground,  for  the 
purpofe  of  bringing  water  from  W.  Moun- 
tain, aod  conduiSting  it  to  every  houfe  in 
town. 

Coop^t  Town,  in  Harford  co.  Maryland, 
lies  12  miles  N  W  of  Harford,  and  24  N 
N  E  of  Baltimore. 

Coos,  or  Coios,  the  places  called  Upper 
and  Lonuer  Coos,  lie  on  Conncflicut  R. 
one  .^5,  the  other  75  miles  above  Dart- 
mouth college.  Upper  Coos  is  the  coun- 
try S  of  Upper  Amonoofuck  R.  on  John 
and  Ifracl  Rivers.  Lower  Coos  is  in  the 
towns  of  Haverhill  and  Newbury,  S  of  the 
Lower  Amonoofuck.  The  diilance  from 
Upper  Coos,  to  the  tide  in  Kcnnebeck  R. 
was  meafured  in  1793,  and  was  found  to 
be  hut  90  miles. 

Coofadei,  an  Indian  town  on  Alabama  R^ 
about  6omiles  above  its  mouth,  on  Mobile 
R.  below  iVlcGill'vray's  town,  and  oppo- 
fite  the  mouth  of  the  Oakfulkee 

Coofa  Hatchet,  or  Coofaiv,  a  river  of  S. 
Cirolina,  which  rifes  in  Orangeburg  dif- 
tridt,  and  running  a  S  S  \V  courfe,  emp- 
ties into  Broad  R.  and  Wliale  Branch, 
whicb-feparate  Beaufort  ifland  from  the 
main  land. 

Cuofa,3.  river  of  S.  Carolina.  See  Broad R. 
'■  Coo/a, or  Coofa  Hatcha,^  river  which  rifcs 
in  the  high  l.tnds  of  the  Cherokces'  coun- 
try, and  joining  Tallapoofc,  forms  Ala- 
bama R.  Its  courfe  is  generally  .S,  run- 
ning through  the  country  of  the  Natchez, 
and  other  tribes  of  the  Upper  Creeks,  the 
roughed  and  mofl  broken  of  the  wliole 
nation.  It  is  rapid,  and  full  of  rocks  and 
ilioals,  hardly  navigable  for  canoes. 

Coafa-watchie,  or  Cer/nfjuhhre,  a  poll  town 
in  Beaufort  diflridl,  S.  Carolina,  fituated 
on  the  S  W  fide  of  Coofa  R.  over  which 
a  bridge  has  been  lately  ercifled.  It  is  a 
flourifliing  place,  having  about  40houie9, 
a  court  houle  and  gaol.  The  courts  for- 
merly held  at  Beaufort,  are  held  here.  It 
is  33  miles  from  Beaufort,  and  77  W  S  W 
of  Charlefton. 

Cootfiotvn,A  port  town  in  Berks  co.  Penn- 
fylvania.-is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  Sau- 
hoca  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Schuylkill  R. 
It  contains  40  houlcs,  aa4  »■  German  Lu- 


theran and  Calvinifl  church  united.  It  is 
X7  miles  N  N  E  of  Reading,  and  73  N  W 
by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Cop'iapo,  an  open  town  in  the  bifhopric 
of  St.  Jago,  or  Chili  Proper,  in  8.  Amer- 
ica, f-imous  for  its  mines  of  iron,  brafs,  tin, 
and  lead  ;  which,  however,  arc  not  work- 
ed. The  gold  mines  have  drawn  about 
900  people  here.  There  are  alio  great 
quantities  of  loadflone,  and  lapis  lazuli, 
14  or  15  leagues  diflatit ;  where  there 
are  alfo  feve rat  lead  mines.  On  the  high 
mountains  of  the  Cordillera,  40  leagued 
V.  S  E  from  the  port,  are  mines  of  the 
fined;  fulphur,  not  needing  to  be  cieanfed, 
and  which  fells  for  3  pieces  of  eight  a 
quintal,  at  the  port,  from  whence  it  ig 
carried  to  Lima.  Frelh  water  is  very 
fcarcc.  Salt  pctre  is  found  in  the  vale  an 
inch  thick  on  the  ground.  Between  thife 
and  Coquimbo  is  no  town  or  village,  only 
3  or  4  farms.     Lat.  25  10  S,  Ion.  75  14  W. 

Copper  Mine,  a  large  river  of  New  Brit- 
ain, reckoned  to  be  the  mofl  northern  in 
N.  America.  Taking  a  northerly  courfe 
it  falls  into  the  fea  in  lat.  72  N,  and  about 
119  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich.  The  ac- 
counts brought  by  the  Indians  of  this  tivct 
to  the  Britifli  ports  in  Hudfon  bay,  and 
the  fpecimeiis  of  copper  produced  by 
them,  induced  Mr.  Hearnc  to  fet  out  from 
Fort  Prince  of  Wales,  in  Dee.  1770.  on  a 
journey  of  difcovery  ^e  reached  the 
river  at  40  miles  diflance  from  the  fea, 
and  found  It  all  the  way  incumbered 
with  flioals  and  falls,  and  emptying  itfelf 
into  it  over  a  dry  flat  of  the  fliore,  the 
tide  being  then  out,  which  feemed  by  the 
edges  of  the  ice  to  rife  about  12  or  14 
feet.  This  rife,  on  account  of  the  falls, 
will  carry  it  but  a  very  fmall  way  within 
the  river's  mouth  ;  fo  that  the  water  in 
it  has  iiot  the  lealt  brackifli  tafle.  Mr. 
Hearnc  had  the  mofl  extenlive  view  ot 
the  fea,  which  bore  N  W  by  W  and  N  E, 
when  he  was  about  8  miles  up  the  river. 
The  fea  at  the  river's  mouth,  was  full  of 
iflands  and  flioals ;  but  the  ice  wa*  only 
thawed  away  about  ^ths  of  a  mile  from 
the  fliore,  on  the  17th  of  July.  The  Ef- 
quimaux  had  a  quantity  of  whale  bone 
and  feal  fkins  at  their  tents  on  the  fliore. 
The  river  is  full  of  falmon  ;  40  miles  from 
the  fea  it  is  180  yards  wide,  thence  to  the 
fea  it  varies  from  20  to  4  or  500  yards  iix 
width.  The  gcncrnl  courfe  of  the  river 
is  about  N  by  E.  The  banks  are  gener- 
ally a  folid  :ock,  each  fide  fo  correfponda 
with  the  other,  that  fome  convulfion  of 
nature  is  fuppofcd  to  bave  produced  the 


COR 


COR 


thannel.  The  Indians  fay  the  river  rifcs 
in  Large  White  Stone  lake,  300  miles  dif- 
tant  on  a  ftraight  line.  The  Efquiinaux 
Indians  inhabit  the  fliores  of  this  river. 

Copper  Mine  Point,  '\n  the  E  end  of  lake 
Superior,  in  U.  Canada,  in  the  vicinity  of 
whieh,  fome  year*  ago,  m  attempt  was 
made  to  dig  for  copper  cn»|'^illt  foon  after 
abandoned.  This  place  is  nearly  N  i5^  hy 
N  from  point  Mantonce,  and  between  it 
and  the  moijth  of  the  river  Montreal. 

Coqutmboy  a  town  of  St.  Jago,  or  Chili 
Proper,  in  S.  America,  fituated  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  vale,  hearing  the  fame 
name,  on  a  gently  rifing  ground.  The  riv- 
er of  Coquinibo  gives  name  to  the  agree- 
able valley  through  which  it  rolls  to  the 
fea  ;  and  the  bay  at  its  mouth  is  a  very 
iine  one,  where  fhips  lie  fafely  and  com- 
modiouily,  though  tfle  coaft  is  rocky,  fomc 
iflands  lying  fo  as  to  keep  ofF  the  winds. 
The  town  is  properly  called  La  Serenity 
from  the  agreeablenefs  of  the  climate ; 
being  continually  ferene  and  plcafant, 
The  ftreets  are  well  laid  out,  and  there 
are  5  or  6  convents ;  but  the  houfes  are 
not  handfome.  The  foil  is  fruitful  in 
corn,^ine,  and  oil,  and  the  brooks  bring 
down  quantities  of  gold  duft  after  heavy 
rains.  Here  are  no  gold  mines,  but  plen- 
ty of  copper ;  one  of  which,  5  leagues  N 
from  the  city  on  Mount  Cerro  Verde,  or 
<Qreen  Hill,  is  high,  and  (liuped  like  a  fu- 
gar  loaf  ;  fo  that  it  may  ferve  as  a  land 
tnark  to  the  port.  It  lies  260  miles  N  of 
St.  Jago,  and  juflly  boafls  of  one  of  the 
fined,  fituations  in  the  world  ;  but  the  ar- 
bitrary government  of  Spain  render^  it  a 
place  of  little  importance. 

Coral  River,  in  New  Mexico,  runs  a 
courfc  W  by  S,  and  empties  into  the  head 
of  the  gulf  of  California,  clofe  by  the 
mouth  of  Collcrado  river. 

Coram,  a  port  town  in  Suffolk  co.  Brook- 
haven  townfliip,  Long  I.  N.  York.  It  has 
about  60  houfes,  and  lies  62  miles  ea(l- 
"ward  of  N.  York  city,  and  ao  E  of  Hunt- 
ington. 

Curcas,  or  Grand  Corcas,in  iflandalmod 
in  the  form  of  a  crefcent,  N  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, in  the  windward  paflage,  abouc  7 
kajTues  W  of  Turk's  I.  and  about  20  E  of 
Little  Inagua.or  Hencagua.  N  lat.ai  55, 
W  Ion.  70  jj. 

Cordillera.     See  Andes. 

Cordova,  De  la  imeva  Andalijia,  a  city  of 
Peru,  in  S  America,  in  the  jurifdiiftioii  of 
Charcas,  80  leagues  S  of  Santiago  del  lif- 
|ero.  Here  is  the  Epifcopal  church  of 
Tucumaa,  willi  fome  monadcrics,  and  a 


convent.  It  is  fruitful  in  grain,  honey, 
wax,  fruits,  cotton,  and  fugar.  It  abouiult 
with  fait  pits,  and  has  luxuriant  pafturet 
for  mules.  It  drives  a  great  trade  with 
Buenos  Ayres.  The  inhabitants  arc  Span* 
iards,  who  arc  farmers  and  manufa<5lurcrB 
of  cotton  cloth,  which  they  fend  to  Potofi. 
S  lat.  31  30,  W  Ion.  63  30.  In  Cordova, 
in  the  Tucuman,  there  has  been  found  the 
greattft  inft:incc  of  longevity  fincc  the 
days  of  the  patriarchs.  From  indifputa- 
ble  evidence,  a  ntgrcfs,  named  Louifa 
Truxo,  was  alive  in  I'jj 4, -dgtd  one  hundred 
and  fevcnty  Jive  years. 

Core  Sound,  on  the  coafl  of  N.  Carolina, 
lies  S  of,  and  communicate-s  with,  Pamlic<«. 

Corientes,  a  cape  of  Mexico,  or  New 
Spain,  on  the  N.  Pacific  ocean.  N  lat.  21, 
W  Ion.  109  30.  Alfo,  the  name  of  the  S 
weflernmoil  point  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba. 

Corientes,  Los,  a  fmall  city  within  the 
government  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  S.  Anici- 
ica,  was  built  by  the  Spaniards  on  the 
confluence  of  the  Parana  and  Paraguay, 
80  leagues  higher  than  Santa  Fe,  on  the 
Rio  de  Plata. 

Corinti,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Bradford,  adjoining,  rontain- 
ing  1403  inhabitants. 

Cori  Bay,  ou  the  E  fidc  of  Newfoundl.ind 
Idand. 

Cornijh,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hamplliire,  on  the  E  hank  of  Coiinc(?Aicut 
R.  between  Claremont  .ind  Plaintield, 
about  15  miles  N  of  Charleflown,  and  16  S 
of  Dartmouth  college.  It  was  incoipor.it- 
ed  in  1763.  In  1775, it  contain(d  309,  ia 
1790,  982,  and  in  1800,  1268  inhabitants. 

Cornijh,  a  town  in  York  co.  iVlainc, 
bounded  by  Saco  R.  on  the  E,  and  by 
Great  Oflapee  river  on  the  N. 

Cornville,  a  townfliip  in  Ki  nnebcck  co. 
pn  the  E  fide  of  Kennebeck  R.  Wefii  run- 
fet,  or  Uijcrunfcut  R.  runs  nearly  through 
the  center  of  this  townfliip,  which  is  about 
4J  miles  N  of  Hallowcll, 

Cornivall,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  Bridpori,  on  lake  Ch;im|>- 
Iain,  containing  1163  inhabitants. 

Cornwall,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  W  hsnk  of  Hudfon  river, 
embracing  a  p;irt  of  the  Highlands.  'I'lic 
fortiefs  of  IVijl  I'oir.t  is  in  this  townfliip. 
It  has  1648  inhabilanls. 

Cornivall,  a  poll  town  in  Litchfield  ro. 
C'Minecliciit,  about  9  n.iles  N  of  Litch- 
iicld,  and  40  W  by  N  of  Hartford. 

Corn-iL'iill,  thi  ioicnfuip  rj',  in  the  CO.  cf 
Stornu)nt,U.  Cunada,  is  litnat<c!  upon  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  near  St.  Fjancis  lake, 

and 


11 


-•Iriii 


m 


m 


,  ■  \ 


COT 


COU 


and  the  tliird  townfhip  in  afcendiiig  the 
river.  It  has  a  finall  cliurch,  and  30  or 
40  houfcs. 

Cornwallis,  a  town  in  King's  co.  in  the 
province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  the  Bafin  of  Minas  ;  18  miles  N  W 
(of  Falmouth,  and  55  N  W  of  Annapolis. 
A\io  a  river  in  the  lame  province,  navi- 
gable for  vefl'els  of  100  tons  5  miles ;  for 
velTcIs  of  JO  tons  10  miles. 

Coro,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Terra 
Firma,  at  the  bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Ve- 
nezuela, 60  miles  W  of  La  Guaira.  N 
lat.  II,  W  Ion.  70. 

Coropa,  a  province  of  S.  America,  fitu- 
9ted  between  the  tivcr  Amazon  and  the 
lake  Parime. 

Cortlandt,  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  W.  Chefter  co  on  the  E  bank  of 
Hudfon  river,  N.  York,  contahiing  2752 
inhabitants,  k  lies  between  Croton  and 
Peekfkill  rivers.  The  village  of  Peekfkill 
is  in  this  townfliip. 

CoryeU't  Ferry,  Hunterdon  co.  N-  Jcrfey, 
where  is  a  poft  oliice,  180  miles  N  £  of 
Wafliington. 

Cojta  Rica,  or  the  Rich  Coajl,  as  its  name 
figniiiet,  is  fo  called  from  its  rich  mines 
of  gold  and  iilver,  thofe  of  Tinfigal  being 
preferred  by  the  Spaniards  to  the  mines 
of  Potofi  ;  but  in  other  refpcAs,  it  i* 
^nountainous  and  barren.  It  is  fuuated 
in  the  audience  of  Guatimala,  in  New 
Spain,  bounded  by  the  province  of  Vtra- 
gua  on  the  S  £,and  that  of  Nicaragua  ou 
the  N  E.  It  reaches  from  the  North  to 
the  South  Sea,  about  90  leagues  from  E  to 
W,  and  is  50  where  broadeft,  from  N  to 
S.  It  has  much  the  fame  producStions  as 
its  neighbouring  provinces  ;  and  in  fome 
places  the  foil  is  good,  and  it  produces 
cocoa.  On  the  North  Sea  it  has  two  con- 
venient bays,  the  mofl:  wefterly  calfed  St. 
Jcrom's,  and  that  nc<ir  the  frontiers  of 
Veragua,  called  Caribaco  :  and  on  the 
South  Sea  it  has  feveral  bays,  capes,  and 
convenient  places  for  ancliorage.  Chief 
town  Nycoya. 

Cotabambo,  a  jurifdiclion  in  Peru,  S.  A- 
mcrica,  fubjcdl  to  the  bilhop  of  Cufco, 
and  lies  Jo  leagues  S  W  of  that  city.  It 
abounds  in  grain,  fruits,  and  cattle.  Its 
rich  mines  are  now  almoft  exhauftcd. 

Coteaux,  Les,  a  town  On  the  road  from 
Tiburon  to  Port  baliit,  on  the  S.  fide  of 
the  S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  .St.  Do- 
mingo, i;^^  leagues  E  by  S  of  the  former, 
and  4  N  W  of  the  laticr,  N  lat.  18  i  a 

Cotopaxl,  a  large  volcano  near  Lataa- 
«un{o,  an  affiento  or  dependence  on  the 


province  of  Quito,  in  Peru,  8.  Amtftt, 
It  lies  nearly  under  the  line,  yet  the  t.  pi 
of  it  are  generally  covered  with  ice  and 
fnow.  It  lirft  fliewed  itfelf  in  IJ53,  when 
SebaAian  dc  Belacazar  firft  entered  thefe 
countries,  which  eruption  proved  favour* 
able  to  his  enterprife,  as  it  coincided  with 
a  predtdlioiliiOfme  Indian  priefts,  that  the 
country  fhould  be  invaded  on  the  burfting 
of  this  volcano  ;  and  accordingly  it  fo 
happened  ;  for  before  1559  he  had  fub- 
dued  all  the  country.  It  is  18,756  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lea,  and  except 
Chimborazo  is  the  highcd  point  of  the 
Andes. 

Cotuy,  a  canton  and  town  in  the  Span- 
illi  pirt  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
bounded  E  by  the  bay  of  Samaua,  N  by 
the  chain  of  mountains  called  Monte 
Chrift,  W  by  the  teriitory  of  la  Vega,  and 
S  by  the  chain  of  mountains  called  Se- 
vico.  In  1505,  the  gold  mines  were 
worked  here.  In  the  mountain  of  Mcy- 
mon,  whence  comes  the  river  of  the  fame 
name,  there  is  a  copper  mine,  fo  rich, 
that  when  refined  will  produce  8  per  cent. 
of  gold.  Here  are  alfo  found  excellent 
lapis  lazuli,  a  ftrcaked  chalk,  that  fome 
painters  prefer  to  bole  for  gilding  ;  load- 
Ilone,  emeralds,  and  iron.  The  iron  is  of 
the  beft  quality,  and  might  be  conveyed 
from  the  chain  of  Sevico  by  means  of  the 
river  Yuna.  The  foil  here  is  excellent, 
and  the  plantains  produced  here  are  of 
fuch  fupcrior  quality,  that  this  manna  of 
the  Antilles  is  called  at  St, Domingo,  Sun- 
day plantains.  The  people  cultivate 
tobacco,  but  are  chiefly  employed  in 
breeding  fwinc.  The  inhabitants  arc 
called  clownilh,  and  of  an  unfociable 
cliaraiSttr.  The  town  is  fituated  half  9 
lea;)ue  from  the  S  W  bank  of  Yuna,  which 
becomes  unnavigable  near  this  place, 
about  I.;  leagues  from  its  mouth  in  the 
bay  of  Sanianu.  It  contains  i6o  fcatteu- 
ed  houfis,  in  the  middle  of  a  little  favan- 
na,and  lurroundcd  with  woods, 30  league* 
nonhtrly  of  St.  Domingo,  and  la  S  E  c;f 
St.  Yago.  N  lat.  19  II,  W  Ion.  from. 
Paris  73  27, 

CoWnij.a  fmall  iflaird  in  St.  Lawrence 
river,  about  45  miles  N  E  of  Quebec. 

Copniry  Harbour,  fo  called,  is  about  20 
leagues  to  the  call  ward  of  Halifax,  inNy- 
va  .Scotia. 

Cmifc.',  or  Cut  Pointy  a  fliort  turn  in  the 
river  Milfifippi,  about  33  miles  above 
M^ntchac  fort,  at  the  gut  of  Ibberville, 
and  2.59  from  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
Charlevoix  relates  that  the  riv«r  formerly 

made 


cow 


CR  A 


n  in  the 
s  above 
berville, 
e  river, 
formerly 
made 


made  a  great  turn  here,  and  fome  Ca- 
nadians, by  deepening  the  channel  of  a 
fniall  brook,  diverted  the  waters  of  the 
river  into  it,  in  the  year  xjzt.  The  impet- 
uolity  of  the  Arcam  was  fuch,  and  the  loll 
of  fn  rich  and  loofe  a  quality.thatin  afhort 
time  the  point  was  entirely  cut  through, 
and  the  old  channel  left  dry,  except  in 
inundations  :  by  which  travellers  fave 
14  leagues  of  their  voyage.  The  new 
channel  has  been  founded  with  a  line  of 
30  fathom,  without  finding  bottom.  The 
Spanifli  fettlements  of  Point  Coupee  ex- 
tend ao  miles  on  the  W  fide  of  the  MiflTi- 
ilppi,and  there  are  fome  plantations  back, 
and  the  fide  of  I>a  Faufe  Riviere,  through 
which  the  MifTifippi  paflcd  about  70  years 
ago.  The  fort  at  Point  Coupee  is  a  fquare 
figure,  with  four  (>a(lions,  built  with  flock- 
ades.  There  were,  fome  years  fince,  about 
aooo  white  inhabitants  and  7000  Haves. 
They  cultivate  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and 
indigo  ;  raife  vafl  quantities  of  poultry, 
which  they  ftnd  to  New  Orleans.  They 
alfo  fend  to  that  city,  fquared  timber, 
(laves,  &C.  Hutchins. 

Coventry,  a  port  town  in  Tolland  co. 
Connecticut,  20  miles  E  of  Hartford  city. 
It  was  fettled  in  1709,  being  purchafed 
by  a  number  of  Hartford  gentlemen,  of 
one  Jofhua,  an  Indian.  It  has  2021  in- 
habitants. 

Coventry,  in  Rhode  I  (land,  is  the  N  caft- 
crnmod  townfliip  in  Kent  co.  It  contains 
1413  inhabitants.  The  town  is  well  wa- 
tered by  feveral  brooks  which  fall  into 
Moofufe, which  runs  wtfterly  into  Quin- 
nabaug  and  into  Patuxet,  which  runs  eafl- 
erly  into  Narraganfet  Bay. 

Coventry,  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  N.  Hamplliirc,  in  Grafton  co.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains 
(9  inhabitantfu 

Coventry,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  lies  in  the  N  part,  of  the  flate, 
at  the  S  end  of  Lake  Memphremagog. 
Black  R.  pafles  through  this  town  in  its 
courfc  to  Memphremagog.  It  had  only 
7  inhabitants  in  1800. 

Coventry,  a  townfliip  in  Chcflcr  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  on  tlie  Schuylkill,  oppofite 
Pottfgrovc. 

Coive,  is  the  capital  town  of  the  Chero- 
kee Indians,  fituated  on  the  foot  of  the 
hills,  on  both  fides  of  the  river  Tenefl'ee. 
Here  terminates  the  great  vale  of  Cowe, 
exhibiting  one  of  the  moft  charming,  nat- 
>  ral,  mountainous  landfcapes  that  can  be 
fcen.  The  vale  is  clofed  at  Cowe  by  a 
»4djc  of  high  hilU,  calkd  the  jfire  fKur.- 


faint.  The  town  contains  about  too  hob'' 
itations.  In  the  conditution  of  the  flats 
of  Tcneflce,  Cowe  is  dcfcribed  as  near  the 
line  which  feparates  TcnelVee  from  Vir- 
ginia, and  is  divided  from  Old  Chota,  an- 
other Indian  town,  by  that  part  of  the 
Great  Iron  or  Smoaky  mountain,  called 
Unicoi,  or  Unaca  mountain. 

Coivetas,  or  Koiueiits,  a  town  of  the 
Lower  Creeks,  in  E.  Florida,  called  the 
Bloody  town.  [See  Apalachicola  toiun.']  It 
lies  on  tiic  W  bank  ot  Chata  Uche  R.  and 
contains  280  men. 

Cotv  and  C.ttf  Pujiure  Rlvert,  are  head 
branches  of  Rivanua  river,  in  Virginia. 

Coivt  IJland.      Sec  Vuche. 

Cozupapure  River,  Virginia,  a  principal 
branch  of  James  River,  which' fee. 

Cowpens,  a  place  fo  called,  in  S.  Caro- 
lina, between  Pacolct  river  and  the  head 
branch  of  Broad  river.  This  is  the  fpo6 
where  Gen.  Morgan  gained  a  complete 
vidory  over  lieut.  col.  Tarleton,  Jan.  11, 
1781,  having  only  12  men  killed  and  60 
wounded.  1  he  Britifli  had  39  comniif- 
fioncd  officers  killed,  wounded  and  takes 
prifoncrs  ;  ico  rank  and  lite  killed,  200 
wounded,  and  500  prifoners.  They  left 
behind,  %  pieces  of  artillery,  %  flandards, 
8oomufket5,  35  baj^ags  waggons,  and 
too  dragoon  horfes,  which  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Amcticaiu.  The  field  of 
battle  was  in  an  open  wood. 

Coxhall,  tn  York  co.  Maine.  See  Lyman. 

Coxfakie,  a  townfliip  in  Green  co.  N, 
York,  containing  4676  inhabitants.  The 
landing  is  to  miles  N  of  Hudlbn  city,  oit 
the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river. 

Coyau,  a  fettlement  on  Tenefl'ee  river, 
30  miles  below  Knoxvillc. 

Crah  Orcbnrd,  a  poll  town,  on  Dick's 
river,  in  Kentucky,  8  miles  from  Cumber- 
land river, and  25  miles  S  E  of  Danville. 
The  road  to  Virginia  pafles  through  this 
place. 

Crat^  Fort,  Smith  CO.  Tcneflce  ;  here  ia 
a  port  oflicc,  704  miles  W  of  Wafliington. 

Cranberry,  a  thriving  town  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  N.  Jcrfcy,  9  miles  E  of  Princeton, 
and  16  S  S  \V  of  Brunfwick.  It  contain* 
a  handfonic  Prefbyterian  chutch,  and  a 
variety  of  manufaAurcs  are  carried  oil 
by  its  induftrlous  inhabitant*.  The  ftage 
from  N.  York  to  Thiladelphia  pafie* 
tlirough  Amboy,  this  town,  and  thence  to 
Bonler^own. 

Cranhirry  IJiands,   on    the    COaft  of   the 

diftri(fl  of  Maine.  See  Mount  Defsrt  J/i- 
and, 

Crtney,  a  dnall  iilanu,  on  the  3  fide  of 

Jame» 


f.  'i 


■i'l'M 


if 

i'; 


I;     ( 


ii! 


CRt 

jame»  river,  In  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of 
Elizibeth  river,  and  5  miles  S  W  of  Fort 
George,  on  Point  Comfort.  It  commandi 
the  entrance  of  both  rivers. 

Cranjion,  is  the  S  E  townfliip  of  Provi- 
dence CO.  Rhode  Ifland,  on  the  W  bank 
of  Providence  R.  j  miles  S  of  the  town  of 
Providence.  The  comiiaA  part  of  the 
town  contains  .50  or  60  houfcs,  a  Biptifl 
meeting  houfc,  handfome  fchonl  houfe,  a 
diflillcry,  and  a  number  of  faw  and  grift 
mills,  and  is  c.illed  Pawtuxet,  from  the 
river,  on  both  fides  of  whofe  mouth  it 
ftands,  and  over  wiiich  is  a  bridge,  con- 
ncifking  the  two  parts  of  the  town.  It 
malies  a  pretty  appearance  as  you  pafs  it 
on  the  river.  The  whole  townlhip  con- 
t.tin%  1644  inhabitants.  In  the  town  arc 
iron  mines  funk,  to  a  great  depth,  the  wa- 
ter is  raifed  by  a  fleam  engine.  Two  offi- 
cers of  Croni'veli's  army,  a  Mr.  Fenner, 
and  Mr.  Scortc, fettled  in  this  town.  Their 
defcend.mts  are  numerous. 

Craven  Ci.  in  Newbern  diftriifl,  N.  Car- 
olina, is  bounded  N  by  Pitt,  and  S  by 
Carteret  and  Onflow  counties.  Its  chief 
town  is  Newhern.  It  contains  7778  in- 
habitants, of  whom  2863  are  flaves. 

CrdtvforJ,  a  CO.  of  Pr'infyl  vania,  bound- 
ed N  by  Erie,  E  by  W.irrcn,  and  S  E  by 
Venango,  it  is  watered  by  Frencii  Creek, 
and  contains  670,3  zo  acres,  and  2346 
people. 

Credal  River,  or  Rlvar  Credit,  m  I  J. 
Canada,  difchargies  itlelf  into  lake  Onta- 
rio, between  tlie  head  of  that  lake  and 
York,  in  the  Miflafai^a  territory.  It  is  a 
great  refort  for  thefe  and  other  Indian 
tribes,  and  abounds  with  fifli. 

Cree  Indians,  The,  inhabit  W  of  little 
lake  Winnipeg,  around  fort  Dauphin,  in 
U.  Canada. 

Creepers  To-ri<»,  in  Frederick  co.  Ma- 
n-Hind, lies  on  the  W  fide  of  Monococy 
R,  between  Owings'sand  Hunting  creeks, 
which  fall  into  that  rivi-r  ;  9  miles  fouth- 
<rly  of  Ermmtfljurgh,  near  the  Pennfyl- 
•Vania  line,  and  about  H  northerly  of 
■  Frcdericktown. 

Creels,  confederated  nations  of  India:i3. 
Sec  M:ifco^u'^rf.  In  addition  to  what  is 
faid  under  this  article,  th'j  following  is 
from  the  MS.  Journal  of  an  intelligent 
traveller.  CooHi  rivcv  an.l  its  nnin 
branches,  form  the  veilern  I'nc  nf  fcttle- 
ments  or  villages  of  the  C;-ock.i,  but  tiieir 
hunting  grounds  extend  loomiles  i>'.'y()'id, 
%ft  the  Tom'iighce,  wliich  is  the  dividing 
line  between  their  countrv  and  th't  of  the 
Qiai^awt.    The  Onalieil  of  I  heir  tov.-n« 


have  from  ao  to  30  houfes  in  them,  ana 
fome  of  them  contain  from  150  to  »oo, 
that  are  wholly  compaifk.  The  houlet 
(land  in  clufters  of  4,5,6,  7,  and  8  togeth- 
er, irrcgula.-ly  diftributed  up  and  dowa 
the  banks  of  the  rivers  or  fmall  dreams. 
Each  clufter  of  houfes  contain  a  clan,  or 
family  of  relations,  who  eat  and  live  in 
common.  Each  town  has  a  public  fquare, 
hot  houfe  and  yard  near  the  centre  of  it, 
appropriated  to  various  public  ufes.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  th£  principal 
towns  of  the  Upper  and  Lower  Creeks, 
that  have  public  fquares ;  beginning  at 
the  head  of  the  Coofa  or  Coola  Hatcha 
river,  viz.  Upper  Ufalas,  Abbacoochces, 
Natchez,  Coofas,  Oteetoocheenas,  Pine 
Catchas,  Poeuntullahafes,  Weeokees,  I.itr 
tic  Tallaffie.Tulkeegees,  Coofadas,  Alaba« 
mas,Tawafas,  Pawadlas,  Autobas,  Auho- 
ba,  Weelumpkees  Big,  Weelumpkees  Lit- 
tle, Wacacoys,  Weckfoy,  Ochees.  The 
following  towns  are  in  the  central,  inland 
and  high  country,  between  the  Coofa  and 
Tallapoofee  rivevs,  in  the  diftritSl  called 
the  Hillabees,  viz.  Hillabees,  Killeegko, 
Oakchoys,  Slakagulgas,  and  Wacacoys. 
On  the  waters  of  the  Tallapoofee,  irom 
the  head  of  the  .river  downward,  the  fol- 
lowing, viz.  Tuckabatchee,  Tehafla,  To- 
tacaga,  N.  York.Chalaacpauley.Logufpo- 
gus  Oakfufkee,  Ufala  Little,  Ufala  Big, 
Sogahatches,  Tuckaabatchees,  Big  Tallaf- 
fee,  or  half  way  houfe,  Clewaleys,  Coofa- 
hatches,  Coolamies,  .Shawanefe  or  Sava- 
nas,  Kenhulka,  and  Muckelefes.  The 
towns  of  the  Lower  Creeks,  beginning  on 
the  head  waters  of  the  Chattahoofee,  and 
fo  on  downwards  are  Chelu  Ninny,  Chat- 
tahoofee, Hohtatoga,  Cowetas,  Cuflitaht, 
Chalagatfcaor,  Broken  Arrow,  Euchees 
fcveral,  Hitchatees  feveral,  Palachuolo, 
Chewack'da  Beilde  20  towns  and  villages 
of  the  Little  and  Big  Chehaus,  low  down 
on  Flint  and  Chattahoofee  rivers.  From 
their  roving  and  imlteady  manner  of  liv- 
ing, it  is  impoflibie  to  detennine,  with 
much  precifion,  the  number  of  Indians 
that  compofe  the  Creek  nation.  Gen. 
M'Gillivray  eftimates  tlic  number  of  g\m 
men  to  be  between  5  and  6000,  exelufive 
of  the  Semlnotcs,  who  arc  of  little  or  no 
account  in  war,  except  as  fmall  parties  of 
marauders,  at^ling  independent  of  the  gen- 
eral interrfl  of  the  others.  T!>e  whole 
number  of  individuals  may  be  about  a,?  or 
16,000  fouls.  E7ery  town  and  village  ha"! 
one  edablinifid  white  trader  in  it,  and  gen- 
erally a  family  of  whites,  who  have  fled 
from  foms  part  of  the   frontiers.    They 

often 


•flM,  1 

der  tha 

to  fenc 

fettlemi 

arc  vzT 

and  are 

near   4) 

have  hi 

er   forei 

nation. 

'ery  thin 

alive   bj 

pofll'ffio^ 
the   nati 
on  them 
fcrve  the 
ftili  belie 
jthc  wat( 
world  in 
country  i 
dividual  1 
to  anothe 
where  hi 
naturally 
Upper  Cr 
and  Semir 
all  the  wa 
hatchee,  a 
the  Abbac 
triiSk  inclui 
tahoofee  a 
juniflion, 
great    nui 
whole  are 
people,  fro 
the  moll  ' 
the  whole 
ern  diftria 
cola,  and 
<i3i  and  is  c 
noles.  Agr 
the  Indian 
the  proper 
very  large 
devoted  to 
^'aror  idl 
hut  fmall  p 
cient  for  fi 
Mais,  (parti( 
the  Cheh.av 
groes)  have 
cultivated : 
up  the  grot 
feedproraifc 
but  not  in  r 
tie,  fowls,  ai 
they  manuf 
pans,    bafkf 
ftnoakai 
Voi,.  r. 


le 


fcRE 


CRO 


•ftifl,  tT  hare  rcvengc.and  to  obtain  plun- 
der that  may  be  taken,  ufe  their  influence 
to  fend  out  predatory  partiej  againft  the 
fettlements  in  their  vicinity.  The  Creeks 
arc  very  badly  armed  ;  having  few  t'iUcs, 
and  are  moflly  armed  with  muflcets.  For 
near  40  years  part,  the  Creek  Indians 
have  had  little  inteicourfe  with  any  oth- 
er foreigners,  but  thofe  of  the  Englifli 
nation.  Their  prejudice  in  favour  of  ev- 
ery thing  Englim,  has  been  caiefully  kept 
alive  by  tories  and  others  to  this  day. 
Moil  of  their  towns  have  now  in  their 
pofl'iiflion,  BritlOi  drum?  with  the  arms  of 
the  nation,  and  other  emblems  painted 
on  them,  and  foitte  of  their  fquaws  pre- 
fcrve  the  remnants  of  Britlfli  flags.  They 
ni II  believe  that  "The  Great  King  over 
the  water"  is  able  to  keep  the  whole 
world  in  fubjedtion.  The  land  of  the 
country  is  a  common  (lock  ;  and  any  in- 
dividual may  remove  from  one  part  of  it 
to  another,  and  orcupy  vacant  ground 
where  he  can  find  it.  The  country  is 
naturally  divided  into  3  diftricls,  visi,  the 
Upper  Creeks,  Lower  and  Middle  Creeks, 
and  Seminoles.  The  upper  diftrid;  includes 
.ill  the  waters  of  the  Tallapoofee,  Coofa- 
hatchee,  and  Alabama  rivers,  and  is  called 
the  Abbacoes.  The  Lower  or  Middle  dif- 
tvi&.  includes  all  the  waters  of  the  Chat- 
tahoofee  and  Flint  rivers,  down  to  their 
juniElion,  and  although  occupied  by  a 
great  number  of  difterent  tribes,  the 
whole  are  called  Cowetaulga?,  or  Coweta 
people,  from  the  Cowetan  town  and  tribe, 
the  mofl:  warlike  and  ancient  of  any  in 
the  whole  nation.  The  Lower  or  South- 
ern diflritft,  takes  in  the  river  Appalachi- 
cola,  and  extends  to  the  point  of  E.  Flori- 
da, and  is  called  the  country  of  the  Sem- 
noles.  Agriculture  is  as  far  advanced  with 
the  Indians,  as  it  can  well  be,  without 
the  proper  implements  of  hufliandry.  A 
very  large  majority  of  the  nation  being 
devoted  to  hunting  in  winter,  and  to 
war  or  idlenefs  in  the  funiincr,  cultivate 
but  fmall  parcels  of  ground,  barely  fufH- 
cient  for  fubfiftence.  B\it  many  individ- 
uals, (particularly  on  Flint  river,  among 
the  Chehaws,  who  poflefs  numbers  of  ne- 
groes) have  fenced  fields,  tolerably  well 
cultivated  :  having  no  ploughs,  they  break 
up  the  ground  with  hoes,  and  fcatter  the 
feedproraifcuoufly  over  the  ground  in  hills, 
but  not  in  rows.  They  raife  horfes,  cat- 
tle, fowls,  and  hogs.  The  only  articles 
they  manufacture  are  earthen  pots  and 
pans,  bafiiots,  horfe  ropes  or  liplters, 
finoaked  leather,  black  mirblc  pipas, 
Vol.  I.  Q 


wooden  fpoona,  and  oil  from  acorni,  hick- 
ory nuts,  and  chefnuts. 

CVi-i'i.r  Crojinjr  Place,  On  Tenv'fTco  river, 
is  about  40  miles  E  S  £  of  the  mouth  of 
Elk  R.  at  the  Mufclc  flioah,  and  .^6  S  W 
of  Nickajack,  in  the  Georgia  wcilern  ter- 
ritory. 

CreJJ'iipJhurg,  a  poft  town  of  Alleghany  co. 
Maryland,  5  miles  W  of  Cumberland.  It 
has  a  Methodifl  church  ;  155  miles  from 
Wafliiugton. 

Creivpville,  a  pofl  town,  Goochland  co. 
Virginia,  laj  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Crii,  Big  and  Little.  Two  points  on  the 
N.  Shore  onlake  Superior,E  of  ifle  Grange, 
U.  Canada,  and  furroundod  by  iflands  ; 
between  thefc  points  is  a  noted  and  fafe 
harbour. 

Croix,  St.  a  fmall  navigable  river  in  No- 
va Scotia,  which  runs  into  the  Avon,  or 
Pigiguit.     See  Avon. 

Croix,  St.  a  river  tvhich  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  the  Britifli  province  of  N. 
Brunfwick,  and  empties  into  Paflama- 
quoddy  bay. 

Crcix,  St.  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  territory, 
which  empties  into  the  Miflifippi  front 
the  N  N  E  about  jo  miles  below  the  falls 
of  St.  Anthony. 

Cro:::,  Si.  or  Santa  Cruz,  an  ifland  in  the 
W.  Indies,  belonging  to  the  king  of  Den- 
mark, lying  about  5  leagnea  S  E  of  St. 
Thomas,  and  as  far  E  by  S  of  Crab  ifland, 
which  lies  on  the  E  end  of  Porto  Rico. 
It  is  about  30  niiles  in  length,  and  8  where 
it  is  broadeil,  and  is  rather  unhealthy. 
It  is  faid  to  produce  30,000  or  40,000 
hhds.  of  fugar,  annually,  and  other  W. 
India  commodities  in  tolerable  plenty. 
It  is  in  a  high  (late  of  cultivation,  and  haa 
about  ■  -)0  white  inhabitants,  and  30,000 
flaves.  i  great  proportion  of  the  negroe* 
of  this  ifland  have  embraced  chrift'anity, 
under  the  Moravian  miflionaries,  whofe 
influence  has  been  greatly  promotive  of 
the  profperity  of  this  ifland.  N  lat.  17 
50,  W  Ion.  64  30.     See  Danijb  IV.  Indiet. 

Crooked  IJland,  one  of  the  Bahama  or 
Lucayo  iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies.  The 
middle  of  the  ifland  lies  in  N.  lat.  23,  W 
Ion.  73  30. 

Crooked  Lake,  In  the  Gene.Tec  cotintry, 
communicates  in  an  E  by  N  direelioa 
with  Seneca  lake. 

Crooked  Lahe,  one  of  the  chain  of  fijiall 
lakes  which  connetfls  the  lake  of  the 
Woous  with  lake  Superior,  on  the  boun- 
dary line  between  tbeU.  States  and  Uppflr 
Canada,  remarkable  for  its  rugged  chSi, 

in 


CRO 


CRO 


I, ::% 


r  « 


m; 


in  erncirs  of  wliich  arc  a  number  of  ar- 
rows Aicking. 

Crooked  R.  ill  Camdon  co.  Georgia,  citip- 
liea  into  the  fea  oppofitc  Cumberland  ifl- 
anJ,  12  or  1.4  miles  N  from  the  mouth 
of  St.  Mary's.  Its  banks  are  well  timber- 
ed, and  its  courfe  is  E  by  N. 

Crooted  R.  3  ftream  about  40  miles  in 
length,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine.  Its 
■fource  is  in  the  plantation  of  Oxford  or 
No.  s,  near  the  foutherly  line  of  Bethel 
in  York  co.  and  paflts  an  irregular  N  eai'l- 
erly  courfe  through  Oxford.  Watcrford, 
the  S  wefterly  corner  of  Norway,  and 
through  Otisficldaud  the  S  wefterly  cor- 
ner of  Raymond,  where  it  is  joined  by  a 
imall  ftream  wlxich  iiliics  out  of  Brandy 
Pond,  lying  partly  in  Otisfield  and  partly 
In  Raymond,  and  in  this  union  flow  into 
the  Gi  eat  Sebakook  pond.  In  this  ftream 
there  is  a  great  pleiyy  of  trout  of  an  un- 
cow.ion  lize,  weighing  from  3  to  14 
!bs.  fome  have  been  caught  of  17  lbs. 
weight.  IVdlcott. 

Crofs  Cape,  in  Upper  Canada,  proje^Ss 
from  the  N  E  fide  of  St.  Mary's  river,  at 
the  cutlet  of  lake  Superior,  oppofite  the 
falls,  ia  N  lat.  46  30,  W  Ion.  84  50. 

Crofs  Creek,  3.  townfhip  in  Wafbington 
CO.  Pennfylvania,betweenSmithand^ope- 
vrell  on  the  Virginia  line.  It  hat  1677 
inhabitants. 

Cro/i  Creeks.     See  Fayettev'ille. 

Crofs  Kfys,  a  poft  town  Eflex  co.  Virgin- 
ia, aao  miles  from  Walliington. 

Crofs  Roads,  the  name  of  a  place  in  N. 
Carolina,  near  Duplin  court  houfe,  23 
miles  from  Sampfon  court  houfe,  and  43 
from  South  Wafliington. 

Crrfs  Roads,  a  village  in  Kent  co.  Mary- 
land, 2  miles  S  of  Georgetown,on  Saflafras 
R.  and  is  thus  named  from  4  roads  which 
meet  and  crofs  each  other  in  the  village. 

Crofs  Roads,  a  village  in  cheftcr  co. 
N.  London  tonnfliip.  Pennfylvania, 
where  6  different  roads  meet.  It  1*27 
miles  S  E  Of  Lancafter  ;  n  N  by  W  of 
Klktoii,  in  Maryland,  and  about  18  W  N 
W  of  Wibnington  in  Delaware. 

Crojpivicks,  a  village  in  Burlington  co. 
N.  Jerfey ;  through  which  the  hnc  of 
ftages  paflis  from  N.  York  to  Philadel- 

!>hia.  It  has  a  refpedtable  Quaker  meet- 
ng  houfe  ;<4  miles  S  W  of  Allen  Town,  8 
S  E  of  Trenton,  and  14  S  W  of  Burling- 
ton^ 

Crotcn  i?.  a  N  eaftern  water  of  Hudfon 
R.  rifes  in  the  town  of  New  Fairfield,  in 
ConneiSlicut,  and  running  through  Dutch- 
•b  e«.  empties  into  Tappao  bay.    Croton 


bridge  is  thrown  over  this  river  %  mile* 
from  its  mouth,  on  the  great  road  to  AU 
bany.  This  is  a  fulid  fubftantial  bridge^ 
1400  feet  long,  the  road  narrow,  piercing 
through  a  flute  hill.  It  is  fupportcd  by 
16  ilonc  pillars.  Here  is  an  admirable 
view  of  Croton  Falls,  where  the  water 
precipitates  itftif  between  60  and  70  feet 
perptudicular  ;  high  flate  banks,  in  fome 
places  100  feet ;  the  rivqr  fpreading  into 
three  ftrcams,  as  it  enters  the  Hudfon. 

Croiv  Greek,  falls  into  the  'IVneiFec,  from 
the  N  W,  oppolitc  the  Crow  Town,  15 
miles  below  Nickajack  Town. 

CroivljiiJ  Townfiip,  in  the  county  of 
Lincoln,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Willough'^y, 
and  is  watered  by  the  Wclland. 

Crown  Point,  a  poft  town  in  Efl"ex  co. 
N.  York,  fo  called  from  the  celebrated 
fortrcfs,  which  is  in  it,  and  which  was  gar- 
rifoaed  by  Britifli  troops,  from  the  time 
of  its  redudlion  by  Gen.  Amherft,  in  1759, 
till  the  late  revolution.  It  Was  taken  by 
the  Americans  the  i-ith  of  May,  1775, 
and  retaken  by  the  Britilh  the  year  after. 
The  point  upon  which  it  was  credled,by 
the  French  in  1731,  extends  N  into  lake 
Champlain.  It  was  called  Krt:yn  Punt,  or 
Scalp  Point,  by  the  Dutch,  and  by  the 
French,  Pointe  a  la  C/jevelenrt.  The  for- 
trefs  they  named  Fort  St.  Frederick.  Af- 
ter it  was  repaired  by  the  Britifli,  it  was 
the  moft  regular  and  expenlive  of  any 
conftrudled  by  them  in  America.  The 
walls  are  of  wood  and  earth,  about  16 
feet  high,  and  about  ao  feet  thick,  nearly 
130  yards  fquare,  and  furrounded  by  a 
deep  and  broad  ditch,  dug  out  of  the  folid 
rock.  The  only  gate  opened  on  the  N, 
towards  the  lake,  where  was  a  draw  bridge 
and  a  covert  way,  to  fecure  a  communi- 
cation with  the  waters  of  the  lake,  in  cafe 
of  a  fiege.  On  the  right  and  left,  as  you 
enter  the  fort,  is  a  row  of  ftonc  barracks, 
not  inelegantly  built,  which  are  capable 
of  containing  2000  troops.  There  were 
formerly  fcvcral  out  works,  which  are 
now  in  ruins,  as  is  indeed  the  cafe  with 
the  principal  fort,  except  the  walls  of  the 
barracks.  The  famous  fortification  called 
Ticonderoga  is  15  miles  S  of  this ;  but 
that  fortrefs  is  alfo  lb  much  demoliftied, 
that  a  ftranger  would  fcarcely  form  an 
idea  of  its  original  conftrudtion.  The 
town  of  Crown  Point  has  no  rivers ;  a 
few  ftrcams,  however,  iflue  from  the 
mountains,  which  anfwer  for  mills  and 
common  ufes.  In  the  mountains,  which 
extend  the  whole  length  of  lake  George, 
and  part  oi  the  length  of  lake  Champlain, 


are 


a  counti 
tains  3$ 
the  com 
particul 
fpices,  c 
It  alfo 
from  tin 
of  the 
eluding 
exportat 
Not  an  i 
cleared. 


CUB 


CUL 


tre  plenty  of  moore,  deer,  and  almofl  all 
the  other  inhabitants  of  the  forcfl.  It 
contains  941  inhabitants.  The  fortrefs 
lies  in  N  iat.  44  ao,  W  luu.  73  36. 

Crtnvs  Meadows,  a  river  in  the  N  W 
territory,  which  runs  N  weftward  into 
Illinois  R.  op^fite  to  which  are  fine 
meadows.  Its  mouth  is  ao  yards  wide, 
aad  240  miics  frpm  the  Miflifippi.  It  is 
navigHble  between  15  and  18  miles. 

Croyden,  a  townlTiip  in  Clicthirc  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  adjoining  Cornifli»  and  about 
18  miles  N  £  of  Charlcflown.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1763.  In  1775,  it  contain- 
ed 143,  in  1790,  J37,  and  iu  1800,  9S4 
inhabitant*. 

Cruces,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, 5  leagues  from  Panama,  and  fituated 
on  Chagre  river. 

Crux,  Santa,  a  confiderable  town  on  the 
Ncoaflofthe  iftand  of  Cuba,  about  30 
miles  E  by  N  of  the  Havannah,  and  it.f 
N  W  by  N  of  Cadiz.  Alio  the  chief  town 
of  Cuzumel  ifland. 

Cruz,  Santa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  or  New 
Spain,  about  75  miles  N  by  E  of  St.  Sal- 
vadore,  on  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  Iitu- 
ated  on  the  gulf  of  DuJce,  which  commu- 
aicates  with  the  fea  of  Honduras. 

Crux,  Santa,  Be  la  Sierra,  a  government 
and  generalfliip,  alfo  a  jurifdidlion  and 
bifliopriclc,  under  the  biihop  of  Charcas, 
90  leagues  £  of  Plata,  in  Peru. 

Cruz,  Santa,  an  illand  iu  tiic  W.  Indies. 
See  St.  Croix.. 

Cuba,  is  the  mod  valuable  idand  of  all 
the  Spanifli  W.  Indies,  and  is  fitiuted  be- 
tween ao  and  23  30  N  hit.  and  between 
74  and  8j  15  W  Ion.  100  miles  S  of  Cape 
Florida,  and  75  N  of  Jamaica  ;  and  is 
nearly  700  miles  in  length,  and  generally 
about  70  in  breadth.  A.  chain  of  hills 
runs  through  the  middle  of  the  ifland 
ftom  £  to  W,  but  the  land  near  the  fea  is 
in  general  level,  and  flooded  in  the  rainy 
feaibn,  when  the  fim  is  vertical.  This 
noble  ifland,  the  key  of  the  W.  Indies,  is 
fuppofed  to  have  the  bt-ft  foil,  for  fo  large 
a  country,  of  any  in  America,  and  con- 
tains 38,400  fquare  miles.  It  produces  all 
the  commodities  known  in  the  W.  Indies, 
particularly  ginger,long  pcpprr,  and  othec 
fpices,  caflfia,  fiflula,  maflick,  and  aloes. 
It  alfo  produces  tobacco  and  fugar  ;  but 
from  the  want  of  hands,  and  the  lazinefs 
of  the  Spaniards,  it  does  not  produce,  in- 
cluding all  its  commodities,  fo  much  for 
exportation  as  the  fmall  ifland  of  Antigua. 
Not  an  himdcedth  part  of  the  ifland  is  yet 
cleared.  The  principal  part  of  the  planta- 


tions arr  on  the  beautiful  plains  of  Savati* 
nah,  and  are  cultiv.itcd  by  about  25,000 
flavcs.  The  other  inhabitants  amount  to 
about  30,000.  Ihe  courfe  of  the  rivers 
is  too  fliort  to  be  of  any  confcquenct  to 
navigation  ;  but  there  are  levcral  good 
harbours  in  the  illand,  which  belong  t(i 
the  principal  towns,  as  the  Havan-.iah, 
St.  J:igo,  Santa  Cruz,  and  I.a  Trinidad. 
Bcfidc  the  h.-trbour^  of  thefe  towns  there 
19  Cumberland  harbour.  The  tobacco 
raifed  here  is  faid  to  have  a  more  delicate 
flavour  than  any  raifed  in  America. 
There  are  a  vaft  number  of  fmall  illes 
round  this  noble  ifland,  the  channels  fcp- 
arating  which,  as  well  as  the  rivers  in  the 
ifland,  abound  with  fllli.  There  are  more 
alligators  here  than  in  any  other  place  in 
the  W&fl  Indies.  In  the  woods  are  fome 
very  valuable  trees,  particularly  cedars, 
fo  large,  it  is  faid,  that  canoes  made  of 
them  will  hold  50  men.  Birds  there  are 
in  great  variety,  and  in  number  more 
than  in  any  cf  the  other  Iflands.  1'hi» 
ifland  was  difcovercd  by  the  famous 
Chridophcr  Cuiumbus,  in  1492.  It  was- 
taken  polTclTion  of  by  the  Spaniards  in 
15 1 1,  and  they  foon  exterminated  the 
mild  and  peaceable  natives,  to  the  amount 
of  500,000.  The  hills  are  rich  in  mines, 
and  in  fome  of  the  rivers  there  is  gold 
dull.  The  copper  mines  only  are  worked, 
which  arc  in  tlie  eaflern  part  of  the  ifland. 
Here  are  alfo  fountains  of  bitumen. 

Cuiagua,  an  ifland  of  America,  iituatcd 
between  that  of  Margaretta  and  Terri 
Firma,  fubjeiH  to  Spain,  and  is  about  8 
tniles  long.  There  are  a  number  of  pearls 
got  here,  but  not  of  the  largefl:  fizc.  N 
Iat.  10  ij,  W.  Ion.  54  30. 

Ciieiica,  or  Bamki^  a  city  and  confidera- 
ble jurifditfkion  in  the  province  of  Quito» 
in  Peru,  under  the  torrid  zone  ;  lying  in 
*5  3  49  S  Iat.  The  towa  is  computed  to 
contain  26,000  people  ;  and  the  weaving 
of  baize,  cottons,  &c.  is  carried  on  by  the 
women,  tlie  men  being  averfe  to  labour, 
and  prone  tu  all  manner  of  profligacy.  It 
b  fituated  on  the  river  Curaray,  or  St» 
Jago  ;  which,  after  many  wiuding*  from. 
W  to  E,  falls  at  laft  into  the  rivtr  Ama- 
zon. The  town  (lands  at  the  foot  of  the. 
Cordillera  mountains.  It  has  two  con- 
vents, and  lies  about  170  miles  S  of  Quito.. 

Cueyte,  a  river  in  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
whi-ch  abounds  with  alligator;). 

Culiacan,  a  province  of  Guadalanra,  in 
the  audience  of  New  Galicia,  in  Mexico 
or  New  Spain.  It  has  Cinaloa  on  the  N, 
New  Sifcay  and  the  Zaiiatecas  on  t!ie  £, 

ChiametUn 


*:'[>> 


ill 

:''  iff 


'  ■■"ill 
M 


V'; 


CUM 


CUM 


ii 


III 


ilf 


i!n 


I  I 


Chiametlan  on  the  S,  and  the  gulf  of  Cal- 
ifornia on  tlie  W.  It  is  60  or  70  leagues 
long  and  50  broad.  It  abounds  with  all 
forts  of  fruit.  The  great  river  La  Sal  in 
this  country  is  well  inhabited  on  each  fide. 
According  to  Dampier,  it  is  a  Inlt  lake,  or 
bay,  in  which  is  good  anrhurnge,  though 
it  has  a  narrow  entrance,  and  runs  la 
league*  E,  and  parallel  with  the  Hiure. 
'i'hi-rc  arc  feveral  Spanifli  fanns,  and  fait 
])onds  about  it ;  and  5  leagues  from  it  are 
two  rich  mines,  worked  by  rtavcs  belong- 
ing to  the  citizens  of  CnmporiLlla.  Here 
itifo  is  another  great  river,  whofc  banks 
arc  full  of  woods  and  palturcs.  On  this 
river,  Guzman,  who  dikovcrcd  the  coun- 
try, built  a  town,  which  he  called  St,  Mit 
tbael,  which  fee. 

Culpepper,  a  county  in  Virginia,  between 
the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide  waters.  The 
court  houfe  of  this  county  is  45  miles  from 
Frederickfburg,  and  95  from  Charlottef- 
ville.  It  is  60  miles  in  length,  and  ys  in 
its  grcatcll  breadth.  Though  in  fomc 
parts  the  lands  are  poor,  and  covered  with 
pine,  they  are  generally  cultivated  and 
fertile,  producing  wheat,  tobacco,  flax, 
and  potatoes.  In  fomc  parts  are  rich 
meadows  covered  with  timothy  and  clo^ 
ver.  There  are  mineral  fprings  efficacious 
in  removing  bilious  and  fcorbutic  com- 
plaints. It  contains  10,75%  f>'cc  people, 
and  about  7348  flavcs.  Chief  towp,  fair- 
fax, 

Culpeppa-f  a  pod  town  in  the  above 
CO.  76  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Cumana,  Of  Cuuiana,  the  capital  of  New 
Andalulia,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  It  fometimes  gives  its  name  to 
the  province.  The  Spaniards  buHt  this 
city  in  ij  so,  and  it  is  d<.feudcd  by  a  flrong 
calilc.  This  town,  lays  Dampier,  (lands 
near  the  mouth  of  a  great  lake,  or  branch 
nf  the  fcdjCalledLaguna  de  Carriaco,about 
which  are  feveral  rich  towns  ;  but  its 
mouth  is  fo  {hallow  that  no  fliips  of  bur- 
den can  enter  it.  It  is  fituated  3  leagues 
S  of  the  North  Sea,  and  to  the  S  \V  of 
Margaretta,  in  about  10  20  N  lit.  and  in 
64  20  W  Ion. 

Cuimanagatt,  a  fmall  town  in  a  bay  on 
the  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  in  the  province 
of  Cumana  or  Andalulia.  It  is  fituated 
en  a  low  flat  fhore,  which  abounds  with 
pearl  oyfters. 

CumhcrLinci,  a  harbour  in  the  i/land  of 
Juan  Feinandcs. 

CumbcrlanJ,  a  hatbour  on  the  S  E  part 
ef  the  ifland  of  Cuba, and  one  of  the  fined 
in  the  W.  Indies,  capable  of  ihchcriog  any 


number  of  diips.  N  lat.  ao  30,  W  \om^ 
76  50.  It  is  ao  leagues  E  from  St.  Jago 
dc  Cuba. 

CumberLnd,  an  ifland  on  the  eoad  of 
Camden  10.  Georgia,  between  Prince 
William's  found  at  the  S  end,  and  the 
mouth  of  Great  Satilia  R.  at  its  N  end, 
and  20  miles  S  of  the  town  of  Fredcrica. 
Before  the  revolution  (there  were  two 
forts,  called  William  and  St.  Andrews,  on 
this  ifl;<nd.  The  former,  at  the  S  end, 
commanded  the  inlet  of  Amelia's  found, 
was  (Irongly  pallifadoed  and  defended  by 
8  pieces  of  cannon,  and  had  barracks  iuv 
%oo  mcN,  florehoufes,  ^c.  within  the 
pallifadocs  were  fine  fprings  of  water. 

Cumbtrland,  a  harbour  on  the  £  tide  of 
Walhington's  iflcs,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America.  It  lies  S  of  Skitikifs,  and  N 
of  Cummalliawaa. 

Cumbfrlattd,  a  bay  in  the  moft  northern 
part  of  America  ;  its  mouth  lies  under  the 
polar  circle,  and  runs  to  the  N  W  and  W, 
and  is  thought  to  communicate  with  Baf- 
fin's bay  on  the  N. 

Cumberland  Hovfc,  one  of  the  Hudfon 
bay  company's  factories,  is  fituated  in 
^ew  South  \Vales  in  N  America,  158 
miles  E  N  E  of  Hudfon's  houfe,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Pine  Illand  lake.  N  lat.  53  56  41, 
W  Ion.  loa  13.     See  Nelfon  river. 

Cumberland,  a  fort  in  N.  Brunfwick,  fiti 
uated  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Fundy, 
on  the  £  fide  of  its  northern  branch.  !( 
is  capable  of  accommodating  300  men. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  N.  Brunfwick, 
which  comprehends  the  lands  at  the  head 
of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  on  the  bafon  called 
Chebedton,  and  the  rivers  which  empty 
into  it.  It  h-js  feveral  townfliips ;  thofe 
which  are  fettled  are  Cumberland,  Sack- 
ville,  Amherft,  Hillfborough,  and  Hope- 
well. It  is  watered  by  the  rivers  Au  Lac, 
MifTiquadi,  Napan,  Macon,  Memram- 
cook,  Pctcoudia,  Ch(podie,  and  Herbert. 
The  three  firft  rivers  arc  navigable  3  or  4 
miles  for  velTels  of  5  tons.  The  Napan 
and  Macon  are  flioal  rivers ;  the  Herbert 
is  navigable  to  its  head,  la  miles, in  boats  ; 
the  others  are  navigable  4  or  5  miles. 

Cumberland,  a  town  of  N.  Brunfwick,  in 
the  county  of  its  own  name.  Here  are 
coal  mines. 

Cumbtrland  Co.  in  Maine,  lies  £  of  York, 
Kennebeck  co.  has  the  Atlantic  ocean  on 
the  S,  and  Canada  on  the  N.  Its  fea  coaft, 
formed  into  numerous  bays  and  lined  with 
a  multitude  of  fruitful  illands,  is  nearly  40 
miles  in  extent  in  a  ftraight  line.  Saco 
river,  which  runs  S  caftcrly  into  tlie  ocean, 

is 


iithe 

and  \ 
and 
berlan 
which 


•   '-ifi} 


CUM 


CUM 


3  or  4 

Napan 

Herbert 

boats ; 

lC8. 

wick,  in 
ere  are 

if  York, 
;ean  on 
;a  coafl, 
cdwith 
arly  40 
Saco 
;  ocean, 
is 


ii  the  dividing  line  between  tins  county 
and  York  on  the  S  W.  Cape  Hlhsabcth 
and  Cafco  bay  are  in  thi»  county.  Cum- 
berland is  divided  into  17  lownfliips,  of 
which  Portland  in  the  chief.  It  contains 
37,9ai  inhabitants. 

CumherluHii  Go.  in  N.  Jcrfcy,  is  bounded 
S  by  Delaware  hay,  N  by  (j1ouc«  ftcr  co. 
S  E  by  Cape  May,  and  W  by  ijalein  co. 
It  is  divided  into  7  townflnpii,  of  which 
Fairfield  and  Greenwich  arc  the  chief; 
und  contains  <)5%<)  inhabitants,  of  whom 
75  arc  flaves. 

Cumberland,  the  Neaflemmoft  townfliip 
of  the  ftate  of  Rhode  Ifland,  Providence 
CO.  It  contains  3056  inhabitants.  In  this 
town  is  Diamond  hill,  A  Mr.  Blarkftone, 
of  curious  memory,  was  one  of  the  iirfl 
fettlcr,-)  uf  this  town. 

Cumberliind Co.\n  Pcniifylvani-iits  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  Mifflin  ;  E  and  N  E 
by  Sufquchanna  R.  wliicli  divides  it  from 
Pauj.  '^m  ;  S  by  York,  and  S  W  by  Frank- 
lin CO.  li  is  47  miles  in  Ungch,  and  43 
in  breadth,  and  has  15  townlbips,  of 
which  Carlifle  is  the  chief.  The  county 
is  generally  mountainous ;  but  bttwecn 
North  and  South  mountain,  on  each  fide 
of  Concdogwinet  creek,  there  is  an  extcn- 
(ive,  rich,  and  well  cultivated  valley.  It 
contains  25,.386  inhabitants. 

Cumlerlandytwotovfas  inGretn  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  which  have  1377  inhibiunts. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Fayette  diftridl,  N. 
Carolina,  contains  7608  inhabitants,  of 
whom  3007  arc  flaves.  Chief  towu.Fay- 
etteville. 

Cumberland,  a  townHtip  of  the  above  co. 
in  N.  Carolina. 

Cumberland,  a  poft  town,  and  the  chief 
towniliip  of  AlUijhany  co.  Maryland,  lies 
on  the  N  bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Potow- 
maek  R.  and  on  both  fides  of  the  mouth 
pf  Will's  creek.  It  is  148  miles  W  by  N 
of  Baltimore,  109  meafured  miles  above 
Georgetown,  ard  about  joj  N  W  of 
WafliingtoK  rny  Fort  Cumberland  ftood 
formerly  it  the  W  fide  of  the  mouth  of 
Will's  >  j-eek.  It  contains  about  loo 
houfes  a  coi'-.l  houfe,  a  gaol,  market 
houfe,  a»..'.  ;  ^nurchcs,  on*.-  for  Roman 
Catholics,  one  h)r  Methodifts,  and  one 
for  German  Lutherans.  Lat.  39  37  N, 
Ion.  3  44  W. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Virginia,  on  the  N  fide 
of  Appamatox  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Prince  lidward.  It  is  30  miles  long 
and  15  broad,  and  contains  4127  inhab- 
itants. The  court  houfe,  where  is  a  poft 
P^cc,  is  ;8  miles  from  Powbataq  court 


lionfc,  51  from  Richmond,  and  jSj  froBl 
Philadelphia. 

Cumberland  Mountain,  occupies  a  part  of 
the  uninhabited  country  of  the  Hate  uf 
TenelTce,  between  the  difhicts  of  Wafli- 
ington  and  Hamilton  and  Mcro  diftrid; 
and  between  the  two  firft  named  di(lri«i\» 
and  the  (late  of  Kentucky  ;  the  N  cafterly 
part  of  the  ridijc  being  the  dividing  line 
between  KentUi:ky  and  Virginia.  Ihc 
ridj',e  is  generally  about  30  miles  broad, 
and  extends  from  Crow  creek, on  Tenelfcc 
R.  from  S  W  to  W  E.  In  TenefTcc  it  en- 
larges in  width  to  50  miles,  anil  with  io 
level  a  furface  it  may  be  called  the  high 
lands.  The  place  where  the  Ttnellce 
breaks  through  the  Great  Kidge,  called 
the  IVairl  or  Suci;  is  350  miles  above  the 
Mufcle  flioals.  Limelioii'j  is  tound  on 
both  fides  the  mountain.  The  muuntaiu 
confifis  of  the  molt  flupendous  piles  of 
craggv  rocks  of  any  mountain  in  the  wclt- 
ern  countrv.  In  fevcral  parts  of  it,  it  is 
inacceflible  for  ntiks,  even  to  the  Indiius 
on  foot.  In  one  place,  pariicul.iily,  near 
the  fummit  of  the  mormtain,  there  is  a 
moll  remarkable  ledge  of  ro^ks  ot  about 
30  miles  ill  length,  :.nd  2CO  feet  thick, 
iliewing  a  perpei;ilieul;:r  face  to  the  t>  li. 

Cumberland  R.  Crflltd  by  the  Indians 
"  Shawance,"  and  by  the  French  •'  tiliava- 
non,"  falls  into  the' Ohio  to  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  TeneiTee  R.  and  about  34 
miles  due  1'^  from  tort  Mallac,  and  mj 
below  Pittflu'.rg.  It  is  n;iv!^ahle  for  larijc 
veflels  to  Nafl'villc  in  Tenelie-e,  and  from 
thence  to  the  mouth  of  Obed's  or  Obas  R. 
The  Caney  fork,  whieh  is  100  yards  w  Ide, 
joins  it  130  miles  above  Naibvilk-,  liar- 
peth,  Atones,  Red,  and  Ohed's,  are  \x\ 
chief  hrarclies;  fonie  of  them  a; e  navi- 
gable to  a  great  diftancc.  1  he  Cumber- 
land mouutiins  in  Viiginia  feparate  the 
head  waters  of  this  ii\er  from  thofe  of 
Clinch  Pv.  '  It  runs  t'  W  till  ii  eomes  iitai- 
the  .S  line  of  KeniucLy.wlu-n  ii.icourfe  is 
wcflcrly,  in  general,  iliroiij]!.  Lincoln  co. 
receiving  many  ftreant:;  Iro;.)  laeh  fide  5 
thence  it  flows  6  W  into  tiic  (tate  of  Tcn- 
eiice,  where  it  ta^es  a  winding  coiirie, 
inclnfing  bumner, iJividfon,  and Tencflet 
counties  ;  alierwards  ii  takes  a  N  wcftem 
direiElion  and  le-cntcrs  the  It.ite  of  Ken- 
tucky ;  and  IVom  thtnce  it  prclervts  near- 
ly an  uniform  dillance  fiem  TtneiTce  U. 
to  its  mouth,  wltere  it  is  300  yards  wide. 
It  is  200  y  ards  broad  at  l>ialliville.  From 
the  falls  in  Kentucky  to  the  place  where 
it  crofl'es  the  line  into  'I'enefiee,  i:;  more 
than  jco  niiits,  thence  to  h'ulhvilk-  is  200, 

thence 


■  \  <    n. 


U'l 


CUR 

thence  to  the  Ohio  in  loo.  It  !•  there* 
fore  navigable  without  interruption  more 
than  500  miles.  In  pitfTing  through  Mern 
didridl,  iti  meanders  form  fevcral  pcnin- 
fulaA,  14  or  15  miles  round,  and  about 
one  acrof»  the  idhmus. 

Cum&erlandHiver,  a  place  fo  called,  where 
a  port  office  is  kept,  in  TenLfl**.'c,  13  miles 
from  Cumberland  mountain,  and  So  from 
the  Crab  Orchard  in  Kentucky. 

CumberlanJ,  a  counfy  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 3048  inhabitants,  of  whom  136 
arc  flaves. 

Cumberland  Gaf,  Claiborne  eo.Tencflec, 
has  a  pod  office,  528  miles  W  of  Wafli- 
ington. 

Cumberland  Totunjbip,  in  U.  Canada,  lies 
partly  in  the  county  of  Stormont,  and 
partly  in  Dundas,  and  is  the  Tixth  town- 
iliip  m  afcending  the  Ottawa  river. 

Cummojbaiuasy  or  Cummafiawita^  a  found 
and  village  on  the  E  fide  of  Wafliington 
ifland,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  N.  America. 
The  port  is  capacious  and  fafe,  and  it« 
mouth  lies  in  53  a  30  H  lat.  and  in  %%i 
9,%  W  Ion.  In  this  port  Capt.  Ingraham 
remained  fome  time ;  and  he  obferves,  in 
his  journal,  that  here,  in  diredt  oppofition 
to  moll  other  parts  of  the  world,  the 
women  maintained  a  precedency  to  the 
men  in  eveiy  point ;  infomuch  that  a  man 
dares  not  trade  without  the  concurrence 
of  his  wife  ;  and  that  he  has  often  been 
witnefs  to  men's  being  abufed  for  parting 
vrith  {kins  before  their  approbation  was 
obtained  :  and  this  precedency  often  oc- 
cafioncd  much  didurbance. 

Cummtngton,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfiiire 
CO.  MafTachufetts, having  985  inhabitants ; 
lying  about  ao  miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 
Cunningham^ s  Ifland  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
fituated  at  the  W  end  of  lake  Erie,  S 
tvcflerly  of  the  Bafs  iflands,  and  foutherly 
•f  Ship  ifland. 

Curajfou,  Caraqoa,  or  Q/ierlfoa,  an  ifland 
Jn  the  Weft  Indies,  belonging  to  the  Dutch. 
It  is  fituated  in  iz  degrees  N  lat.  9  or  10 
leagues  from  the  conti.itnt  of  Terra  Firma, 
is  30  miles  long,  and  10  broad.  It  feems 
as  if  it  were  fated,  that  the  ingenuity  and 
patience  of  the  Hollanders  lliould  every 
■where,  both  in  Europe  and  America,  be 
employed  in  fighting  againfl  an  unl'riendly 
nature  ;  for  the  ifland  is  not  only  barren, 
and  dependent  on  the  rains  for  its  water, 
but  the  harbour  is  n.iturally  one  of  the 
•worft  irt  America  ;  yet  the  Dutch  have  en- 
tirely remedied  that  deft'ct ;  they  have  up- 
on this  harbour  one  ot  the  largeft,  and  by 
tar  the  moft  elegant  and  cleanly  towns  in 


cun 

the  Weft  Indies.    The  public  buildisgi 
are  numcrouH  and  handfume  ;  the  private 
houfcs  commodious  ;  and  the  magazines 
large,  convenient,  and  well   filled.     All 
kind  of  labour  is  here  performed  by  en- 
gines ;  fome  of  them  io  well  contrived, 
that  fliips  are  at  once  lifted  into  the  dock. 
Though  this  ifland  is  naturally  barren,  the 
induftry  of  the  Dutch  has  brought   it  to 
produce  a  confulcrable  quantity  both  of 
tobacco  and  fugarjit  has  befide,  good  fait 
works,  for  the  produce  of  which  there  is  a 
briflc  demand  from  the  Englifli  iflands, and 
the  colonies  on  the  continent.     But  what 
renders  this  ifland  of  moft  advantage  to 
the  Dutch,  is  the  contraband  trade  which 
is  carried  on  between  the  inhabitants  and 
the  Spaniards,  and  their  harbour  being  the 
rendezvous  to  all  nations  in  time  of  war. 
The  Dutch  fliips  from  Europe  touch  at 
thi«  ifland  for  intelligence,  or  pilots,  and 
then   proceed  to  the   Spanifli  coafts  for 
trade,  which  they  force  with  a  Itrong  hand, 
it    being  very  difficult   for   the  Spanifli 
guarda  coftas  to  take  thefc  vefTels ;  for 
they  are  not  only  ftout  fliips,  with  a  num- 
ber of  guna,  but  are  manned  with  large 
crews  of  chofen  iimen,  deeply  interefted 
in  the  fafety  of  the  veflel  and  the  fuccefs 
of  the  voyage.     They  have  each  a  fhare 
in  the  cargo,  of  a  value  proportioned  to 
the  ftation  of  the  owner,  f'upplied  by  the 
merchants  upon  credit,  and  at  prime  coft. 
This  animates,  them  with  an  uncommon 
courage,  and  they  fight  bravely,  becaul'e 
every  man  fights  in  defence  of  his  own 
property.     Belide  this,  there  is  a  conftant 
intercourfe  between  this  ifland  and  the 
Spanifh  continent.    Curafl"ou  has  nume? 
1  rous  warchoufes,  always  full  of  the  com- 
I  modities  of  Europe  and  the  Eaft  Indies, 
I  Here  are  all  forts  of  woollen  and  linen 
cloth,  laces,  fdks,  ribbands,  iron  uteniils, 
naval  and   mihtary   ftores,    brandy,  the 
fpices  of  the  moluccas,  and  the  calicoes  of 
India,  white   and   painted.     Hither   the 
Dutch  Weft  India,  which  is  alio  their  Af- 
rican company,  annually  bring  -thr^e  or 
four  cargoes  of  flaves ;  and  to  this  mart  the 
Spaniards  themfclves  come  in  fmall  vefl'ela, 
and  carry  oiF not  only  the  befk  of  the  ne- 
groes, at  a  very  high  price,  but  great  quaa- 
tities  of  all  the  above  forti  of  goods ;  and 
the   feller  has   this  advantage,   that  th« 
refufe  of  warehoufes  and  mercers'  fltopg, 
and  every  thing  that  is  grown  ur.    fliion- 
able  and  unfalcable  in  Europe,  go  ofrhere 
extremely  well  ;  every  thing  being  fuffi- 
ciently  recommended  by  its  being  Euro* 
pean.  The  Spaniards  pay  in  gold  or  filver, 

ctincd 


aoined  or 

bark,  cod 

Inudities. 

times  of  pe 

to   the  Di 

hut  in  time 

for  then  it  1 

of  the  Wef 

fliips  of  al 

refufes  non 

to  dcftroy  < 

with  Spain 

Spanifli  Co! 

market   fre 

fupplied  eii 

French  con 

corn,  flour, 

from  the  co 

ported  fron 

peace  or  in 

flouri  flies  < 

this  ifland  f 

Curiaco,  a 

ica,  on  the 

Currituci 

of  Edenton  1 

the  N  E  coi 

«d  E  by  Cu 

of  Virginia 

W  by  Camd 

itants,  of  wi 

fwamp  lies 

of  Albemarl 

to  contain  c 

eftates  in  A 

Difmal,     wl 

350,000  acri 

long  and  7  r 

aal,  30  feet  1 

BctHis  the  wa 

of  Skuppern 

from  the  lak 

rdfeveralfa' 

the  lake  is  h 

canal,  the  co 

under  water 

fwamp,  whic 

rice.     For  ai 

mat,  fee  Greii 

Currituck, 
Maine,   aS   : 
In  1792,  thii 
ment  on  Ken 
fiftcd  of  abou 
Inhabitants. 
^  Cufeo,  the  1 
vian  empire,  i 
the  mountain 
45  S  lat.  and 
•n  the  dceiia 


cus 


cus 


the 


ioined  or  in  hurt,  cocoa,  vanilla,  jefuitt 
bark,  cochineal,  and  other  valuable  com- 
modities. The  trade  of  Curaoou,  even  in 
times  of  peace,  is  laid  to  be  annuitlly  worth 
to  the  Dutch,  no  lefs  than  £.j,oc,ooo; 
l)ut  in  time  of  war  the  profit  is  (till  greater, 
for  then  it  becomes  the  common  cmporiHm 
of  the  Weft  Indies ;  it  afibrds  a  retreat  to 
lliips  of  all  nations,  and  at  the  fiimc  time 
refufes  none  of  them  krms  ar.d  amniunition 
to  dcflroy  one  nnother.  The  i'-.ttrcourlc 
with  Spain  being  then  inttrniptcd,  the 
SpuniHi  colonies  have  fcarccly  any  other 
market  from  whence  they  can  be  well 
fupplied  cither  with  Havcii  or  goods.  The 
French  come  hither  to  buy  the  beef,  pork, 
corn,  flour,  and  lumber,  which  are  brought 
from  the  continent  of  N.  America,  or  ex- 
ported from  Ireland  ;  fo  that,  whether  in 
peace  or  in  war,  the  trade  of  this  ifland 
flouriHics  extremely.  The  Dutch  took 
this  illand  from  the  Spaniards  in  163a. 

Curiaco,  a  bay  in  Terra  firma.S.  Amer- 
ica, on  the  N.  Sea. 

Currituck  Co.  is  lituated  on  the  fcacoaft 
of  Edenton  diftridV,  N.  Carolina,  and  forms 
the  N  E  corner  of  the  ftatc ;  being  bound- 
ed £  by  Currituck  found,  N  by  the  ftatc 
of  Virginia,  S  by  Albemarle  ibund,  and 
W  by  Camden  co.  containing  6928  inhab- 
itants, of  whom  1530  are  flaveit.  Difmal 
fwamp  lies  in  this  county,  on  the  S  fide 
of  Albemarle  found,  and  is  now  fuppofcd 
to  contain  one  of  the  moft  vaUmble  rice 
cftates  in  America.  In  the  n.idft  of  this 
Difmal,  which  contains  upwards  of 
350,000  acres,  is  a  lake  of  about  1 1  miles 
long  and  7  miles  broad.  A  navigable  ca- 
nal, ao  feet  wide,  and  sh  n^ilcs  long,  con- 
acifts  the  waters  of  the  lake  with  tlie  head 
of  Skuppernoug  riTcr.  About  500  yards 
from  the  lake,  the  proprietors  have  ercdl- 
rdfevcral  faw  mills  :  and  as  the  water  of 
the  lake  is  higher  than  the  banks  of  the 
canal,  the  company  can  at  any  time  lay 
under  water  about  10,000  acres  of  rich 
fwamp,  which  proves  admirably  fitted  for 
rice.  For  an  account  of  the  other  Di(- 
mal,  fee  Great  Difmal. 

Curritucky  or  Caratunk,  a  fcttlcment  in 
Maine,  28  miles  above  Norridgewalk. 
In  179a,  this  was  the  uppermoQ  fcttle- 
ment  on  Kcnnebeck  river,  and  then  con- 
fiftcd  of  about  ao  families,  in  i8co  of  136 
inhabitants. 

Cufec,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Peru- 
vian empire,  in  S.  America,  is  fituated  in 
the  mountainous  country  of  Peru,  in  la 
a5  S  lat.  and  70  W  loo.  and  has  long  been 
•n  the  dceliac.    It  is  jrtt  a  Tcry  coufidcr- 


ablc  place,  having  about  ao,ooo  inhabit^ 
ants.  I'hii  famous  city  was  foutidid  by 
the  firft  Ynca,  or  Inca  Mango,  as  the  feae 
and  capital  of  his  empire.  The  Span- 
iards, under  Don  I'rancifco  Pizarro,  en- 
tered and  took  p"iT"(  fli;  n  c  ir  in  the  year 
1534.  t,\i  :i  mounuin  ccni»j;uuu5  to  the 
N  ji.ir:  til  the  city,  arc  the  ruins  of  the 
umous  fort  nnJ  palace  of  the  Yncas,  the 
ftoncs  (f  which  are  of  an  enormous mag- 
t.itudc.  Three  fourths  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Indians,  who  are  very  induftrion  iit 
manutiioturin^';;  b;ii:^c,  cotton  and  leather. 
They  have  alfo  here,  as  well  as  at  Quito, 
a  tafle  for  painting  ;  Ibmc  of  their  per- 
formances have  been  admired  even  in  Ita- 
ly,  and  are  difpcrftd  all  over  S.  America. 

Ciifcotviiu,  in  E.  Florida,  is  the  capital 
of  the  Alachua  tribe  of  Indians,  and  flanda 
in  the  moft  plealant  fituation  that  conld 
be  delired  iii  an  inland  country  ;  upon  1 
high,  fwelling  ridge  of  fand  lulls,  within 
300  or  40  yards  of  a  I'  .^e  and  lieautiful 
lake,  abounding  with  liQi  and  wild  fowl. 
The  lake  Is  terminated  on  one  fide  by  cx- 
tcnfive  forerts,  conlifting  of  orange  grovcs» 
overtopped  with  ^rand  magnolias,  palms, 
poplar,  tiliu,  live  oaks,  &c.  on  the  other 
fide  by  extcnfive  green  plains  and  mead- 
ows. The  town  confifts  of  30  habitations, 
each  of  which  confifts  of  %  houfes,  nearly 
of  the  fame  fizc,  large  and  convenient, 
and  covered  elofe  with  the  bark  of  the 
cyprefs  tree.  Each  has  a  little  garden 
fpot,  containing  corn,  beans,  tobacco,  and 
other  vegetables.  In  the  great  Alachua 
fnvnnna,  about  2  miles  diftant,  is  an  in- 
clufed  plantation,  which  is  worked  and 
tended  by  the  whole  community,  yet 
every  family  has  its  particular  part.  Each 
family  gathers  and  dtpoliis  in  its  granary 
its  proi)cr  iliare,  fctting  apart  a  fmall  con- 
tribution for  the  public  granary,  which 
ftands  in  the  midft  of  the  plantation. 

Cujhui,  a  fmall  river  which  empties  into 
Albemarle  found,  between  Chowan  and 
the  Roanoke,  in  N.  Carolina. 

Cujhttunk  Mountaint,  in  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  Jerfcy. 

Cujhitigy%  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
feparated  from  Warren  and  Thomaftown 
by  St.  George's  R.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1789,  contains  1415  inhabitants,  and 
lies  ai6  miles  £  by  N  of  Bofton.  The 
E  part  of  this  town  is  now  St.  Gnrget  i 
iS  miles  S  E  of  Wifcaflett. 

Ciijens,  a  fmall  river  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  which  runs  a  S  E  courfe  to  Cafco 
b  ly,  between  the  towfls  of  Frceport  and 
Nonh  Yarmouth.        — 

Cuffltat^ 


i1 


^1 


m 


DAN 


DA^^ 


if, 
i 

M 


^ 


n 


m 


CiiJJtt.ih,  an  Indian  town  in  the  wertcrn 
part  ot  Ocor^i.n,  i  %  niilc»  above  the  Broken 
Arrow,  on  C'dttahoofee  river. 

Ciittiitunk,  one  of  the  Eliaabitlt  IJlanJi, 
tvhich  fee. 

Cults  JjtanJ,  a  ftnall  idand  on  the  coafl 
of  York  CO.  Maine.     See  2ftc!.:o,.k  R.  Cape. 

Cyzetilliiii,  Sec  Si,  Stiafii.in  R.  in  New 
SpHili. 

Cuziimil,  an  idand  in  the  province  of 
Yiicstan,  ,»nd  audi'*nce  of  Mexico,  litiut- 
rd  in  the  bay  of  Hondums  ;  tj  leagues 
long,  and  5  broa<l  ;  its  principal  town  is 
8anta  Cruz.     N  lac.  19,  ion.  87. 

Cu-^it,  or  Cutio,  a  province  of  Chili,  in  S. 
America,  and  in  the  government  of  Santa 
Cru?!,  in  the  Sierra.  The  principal  com- 
moditicit  arc  honey  and  wax.  The  chief 
town  i»  St.  John  dc  Fronliera. 

C^jjiHt  Swump,  in  Delaware  flate.  Sec 
Indian  river. 


D. 


KlCSnOROUGH,  a  poft  town  in  Stif- 

Ux  CO.  Delaware,  on  the  N  W  b.-ink  of 
Pepcr's  creek,  a  branch  of  Indian  river, 
and  contains  about  40  honfes.  It  ii<  19 
miles  from  Droad  hill,  or  Clowes',  and 
117  S  from  Philadelphia. 

I).iliort,n.  fine  townjhipin  Dcrkfliirc  co. 
MalTaclmlctts,  having  Pittt-.leld  on  the 
W,  and  contains  859  inhabitants.  The 
ftage  road  from  Bofton  to  Albany,  runs 
through  it.  Dalton  was  incorporated  in 
1784,  and  lies  13,?  miles  W  by  N  of  Bof- 
tnn,  and  about  35  the  fume  courfe,  froni 
Northampton. 

Daltf'ii,  a  townniip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
HampHjivc,  firft  called  Apthorpe,  was  in- 
corporated in  178-',  and  has  6i  inliabit- 
tants.  It  lies  on  the  T.  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut P-  at  the  ij  mile  falls,  oppofite 
Concord,  in  Efitx  co.  Vermont. 

Damcrifotta  Bay,  River,  and  Po»i/,  in 
Maine.  The  Biy  communicates  with 
Townfend  harbour,  or  Booih  bay;  the 
^/ViT,  which  is  navigable  15  "liles,  and  on 
which  arc  a  number  of  mills,  ia  fliort, 
parallel  with  Sheepfcot  river,  E  of  it,  and 
divides  the  town  of  Booth  bay  from  Bril- 
tol.and  rilt's  in  Damerifcotta  pond,  which 
is  about  10  miles  long,  and  2  \vide,  and 
fpreads  between  New  Caftlc  and  Waldo- 
borough. 

Dampii>'s  Straits,  are  between  the  N  F. 
point  of  New  Guinea,  and  the  S  W  point 
of  New  Britain.  S  lat.  6  15,  E  Ion.  from 
Paris,  146. 

.»i(/i,  a  confiduTable  river  of  N.Carolina, 


whirh  unite*  with  the  Staunton,  ind  Torn-.V 
the  Roanoke.  It  might  be  rendered  nav- 
i^abL  with  a  fmall  expenfe,  ico  milc< 
tbove  it*  junction  with  the  Staunton. 
The  famout  Buried  hill  (land*  on  the 
lank  of  the  Dan,  in  Virginia,  near  the 
borders  of  N  Carolina.  It  appears  to 
have  been  an  ancient  volcano,  'i'licre  arc 
l.«r[>,c  rocks  of  the  lava,  or  nuhcd  matter, 
trom  1000  to  1500  weight,  lying  on  the 
lummit  of  the  hill.  The  cr..ttr  is  partly 
lillcd  and  covered  with  large  trees. 

Daii.i,  a  new  town  of  Worccrtcr  0. 
Maflachufetts,  formed  from  the  corneri 
of  Greenwich,  in  Hamplliire  co.  and 
Hardwick  and  Peterfliam  in  Worcertcr  co. 

Danbury,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
HampHiire,  containing  i6j  inhabitants. 

Danbury,  a  poll  town  in  the  co.  of  Fair- 
field, in  Connecticut.  It  was  fettled  in 
1687,  and  the  compact  pirt  of  the  town 
contains  2  churches,  a  court  houfe,  and 
about  60  dwelling  houlcs.  On  its  fmall 
flreams  are  iron  works,  and  fevcral  niilla. 
Mr.  Lazarus  Beach  prefcnced  to  the 
mufeum  in  New  York  city,  a  quire  of 
paper,  made  of  the  albedos,  at  his  paper 
mill  in  Danbury,  March,  1 792,  which  the 
hotted  fire  would  not  confume.  It  lie"f 
about  70  miles  N  F.  of  New  York  city,  ai'd 
33  N  W  by  W  of  New  Haven.  Thl;i 
town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  military 
florcs,  was  buriit  by  the  Britifli  on  the 
26th  of  April,  1777.  It  ha»  3180  inhab- 
itants. 

Danby,3,  poll  town  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
mont, E  of  PawLt,  and  contains  1487  in- 
habitants, 32  miles  N  of  Bennington. 

D.itta'riJfre,  fo  called  in  honor  of  the 
maiden  name  of  Mrs.  VVaihiiigton,  lady 
of  the  late  Prefident  Wafliington  ;  a  poll 
and  county  town  of  the  co.  of  Jcllcrfon, 
Tentllee;  565  miles  W  of  Wafliington, 

Itjniil,  Port,  on  the  northern  lide  of 
Chaleur  bay,  is  a  commodious  harbour 
for  veiFels  of  a  eonfiderabie  draught  of 
water.  It  affords  a  cod  fiHiery,  and  i* 
about  9  leagues  from  Pato,  W  N  W  of 
Cape  Defpair. 

Danijli  America.  In  the  W.  Indies  the 
Danes  poflcfs  the  illands  of  St.  Thomas, 
St.  Croix,  or  Santa  Cruz,  and  St.  John's  ; 
which  are  defcribed  under  their  refpee- 
ti ve  names.  The  Danifli  policy,  in  rcfpcCl 
to  their  iflands,  is  wife,  and  deferving  of 
imitation.  Thefe  iflands  \vcre  ill  man- 
ap^ed,  and  of  little  confcqiience  to  the 
Danes,  whilft  in  the  hands  of  an  exdufivc 
company  ;  but  fince  the  late  king  bought 
up  the  company'i  (lock,  and  laid  the  trade 

open, 


the 
lad>- 

pol! 
;rfon, 
<on. 
de  of 
■boiir 
lu  of 
id  in 
of 

the 
nmns, 
hn's ; 
fpec- 
fpetil 
ngof 
man- 
)   the 
iufive 
ought 
trade 
open  I 


DAN  ' 

6pen,  the  iflandt  have  been  greatly  im* 
proved.  Saniii  Cms,  n  prri'cct  defcrt  s 
few  years  fince,  has  berii  brouj^ht  to  in 
high  (lite  of  cultivation,  producing  unnu- 
ally  becwccn  30  and  40,000  hhdi  uf  fu- 
v;<r,  ot  upward)  of  i;;  cwT.  each,  and  ron- 
tniitt  3000  white*  and  30,000  negroes, 
liy  an  editfk  of  the  UaniOi  kin;;,  no  llavcs 
are  to  be  imported  into  liis  iflands  iiltcr 
tlie  year  i8oa  ;  till  then,  their  importa- 
tion is  encouraged  by  a  law  operating  as 
a  bounty.  Many  ot  the  inhabitants  of 
Greenland,  and  negroes  of  the  Danifli  W. 
India  illands,  have  embraced  Chriftianity 
under  the  Moravian  milfiunarics,  who 
are  unwearied  in  their  humane  exertions 
to  promote  the  happinefs  Ot  thofe  who 
can  bcDow  ho  earthly  reward. 

Diinvcri,  A  townfliip  in  Eflcx  co.  MaflTa- 
chutetts,  adjoining  Salem  on  the  N  W,  in 
\vhich  it  was  formerly  comprehended  by 
the  name  of  Salem  village.  It  confifls  of 
two  pariflics,  and  contains  3643  inhabit- 
ants, and  w.ts  incorporated  in  1 757.  The 
mod  conliderable  and  enmpad^  fettlement 
!n  it,  is  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the 
principal  Areet  of  Saleiti,  which  extends 
more  than  x  miles  W  toward  the  country, 
having  many  workfliops  of  mechanics, 
and  feveral  for  retailing  goods.  Lar^e 
quantities  of  bricks  and  coarl'c  earthen 
ware  are  ihanufaAured  here.  Another 
pleafant  and  thriving  fettlement  is  at  the 
head  of  Beverly  R.  called  New  Mills ; 
'^vhcre  a  few  vefTels  arc  built  and  owned. 
The  town  of  Danvers  receives  an  annual 
compenfation  of  £.xo  from  the  proprie- 
tors of  EfTex  bridge, 'for  the  obflrudUon 
of  the  river.  A  Hitting,  tide  mill,  was 
ercdted  here  in  1797.  On  the  fame  dam 
are  a  grift  mill,  an  anchor  fliop,  icythe 
fliop,  whofe  hammers  are  carried  by  wa- 
ter ;  and  a  (liovcl  maiiufa<5tory,  credlcd  by 
a  number  of  merchants  and  utherti  in  Salem. 

Danville,  a  thriving  pofl  town  in  Pitt- 
fylvania  co.  Virginia,  fuuated  on  Dan 
river,  nn  the  main  road  from  Philadelphia 
to  the  Moravian  town!>,  K  Carolina. 

Danville,  a  poll  town  of  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  Sufquehan- 
na,  at  the  mouth  of  Mohoning  creek, 
12  miles  above  Northumberland,  and  aio 
from  Wafliington. 

Danville,  a  poll  town  of  Pittfylvania, 
Virginia,  on  Dan  river.  In  1798,  it  con- 
tained t6  dwelling  houfes.  It  is  a  place 
of  confidcrable  bufinefs,  having  a  tobacco 
infpc<5lion,  and  feveral  mills.  It  is  170 
miles  S  W  of  Richmond,  and  joi  from 
Wafliington. 
Vol.  I.  H 


DAR 

D.tHvtlt*,  a  thriving  pofl  towA  in  Mer- 
cer co.  and  forme  fly  (he  metropolis  of 
Kentucky,  pit li'anfly  Tiniated  in  a  'arge 
fertile  pbin,  on  ihc  S  W  lide  of  Dick's 
R.  35  miles  y  S  W  of  Lexington.  It  eon- 
fifts  of  about  so  hotifcs,  and  .1  Hrcfbytc- 
rian  church.  From  I.ccfbur;;  to  Dan- 
ville, the  country,  for  the  (irft  aomiici,  !• 
of  an  inferior  tate  for  lands  in  ihii  roiin- 
try ;  hut  round  Lexington,  and  fiom 
Lcelburg  to  Lexington  and  Bonnfltoroughi 
is  the  richefl  land  in  the  country  It  it 
40  miles  !>  by  E  of  Frankfort,  H3  from 
Louifville,  aoi  from  Hawkins  in  Tencffee, 
and  830  from  Philadelphia.  N  Ut.  37  30, 
W  Ion.  85  30. 

Danville,  a  port  town  !n  Caledonia  eo. 
Vermont.  It  was  a  wildcrncfs,  without  fo 
much  as  a  Tingle  family,  a  few  vcara  ago, 
and  now  contains  1544  inhabitants.  It 
lies  8  miles  N  W  of  fiarnct,  607  N  E  of 
Wafliington. 

Darby,  a  fmall  town  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  Darby 
creek.  It  contains  about  50  houfes,  and 
a  Quaker  meeting  houfc,  and  lies  7  miles 
S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  There  arc 
twotownfliips  of  this  name,  in  the  coun« 
ty,  wllrd  Upper  and  Lower,  from  their 
relative  lltnation. 

Darijn,  or  Terra  Flrma  Proper,  is  the 
northern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma  or  Caf- 
tilc  del  Oro.  It  is  a  narrow  idhinus,  thatf 
properly  fpeaking,  joins  N.  and  S.  Amer- 
ica together  ;  hut  is  generally  reckoned 
as  part  of  the  latter.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N  by  the  enlf  of  Mexico ;  on  the 
S  by  the  .South  tea ;  on  the  E  by  the  river 
or  gulf  of  Darien,  and  on  the  W  by  ano- 
ther part  vif  the  South  fea  and  the  prov- 
ince of  Veragua.  It  lies  in  the  form  of  a 
bow  or  crefcent,  about  the  great  bay  of 
Panama,  in  the  South  fea,  and  is  300 
miles  in  length.  Its  breadth  has  generally 
been  reckoned  60  miles  from  N  to  S ; 
but  it  is  only  37  miles  broad  from  Porto 
Btllo  to  Panama,  the  two  chief  towns  of 
the  province.  The  former  lies  in  N  lat. 
9  .U  35.  W  Ion.  81  5a  ;  the  latter  in  N 
lat.  857  48,  W  Ion.  8a.  This  province  it 
not  the  richeft,  but  h  of  the  greated  im- 
portance to  Spain,  and  ha!>  been  the  fcene 
of  more  aiStions  than  any  other  in  Amer- 
ica. The  wealth  of  Peru  is  brought 
hither,  and  from  hence  exported  to  Eu- 
rope. Few  of  the  rivers  in  this  country 
arc  navigable,  having  flionls  at  their 
mouths.  Some  of  them  bring  down  gold 
duft  ;  and  on  the  coafl  are  valuable  pearl 
fiiheriei.    Neither  of  the  oceans  fall  in  ac 

epc* 


'X 


,    r,    ; 
'I 


% 

m 


iHI 


DAR 


DAR 


4      ' 

;i 


lii! 


once  upon  tlie  fliore,  but  arc  intercepted 
by  a  great  many  valuable  iflands,  that  He 
fcattered  along  the  coaft.  The  iflands  in 
the  bay  of  Panama  are  numerous  :  in  the 

fulf  of  Daricn  are  thiee  of  conlldcrable 
KC,  viz.  Golden   ifland  ;    anotlicr,  the 
largefl  of  the   three,  and  the  ifland  of 
J'ines  ;  beiide  fmaller  ones.      Tlic  nar- 
.rowcA  part  of  the  iflhmus  is  called  fomc- 
times  the  ifthmus  of  Panama.     The  coun- 
try about  it  is  made  up  of  low  fickly  val- 
liesi  and  mountains  of  Aich  ftupeudous 
height,  that  they  fccm  to  be  placed  by 
nature  as  eternal  barriers  between  the 
'  Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  which  here 
approach  fo  near  tach  other,  that,  from 
thefe  mountains,  the  waters  of  both  can 
.he  plainly  feen  at  the  fame  time,  and 
feemingly  at  a  very  fmall  diftance.    The 
rocky  mountains  here  forbid  the  idea  of 
a  canal ;  but  by  going  into  I2  N  lat.  and 
joining  the  head  of  Nicaragua  lake  to  a 
fmall  river,  which  ri:ns  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  a  communication  between  the  two 
feas  becomes  praiSlicable ;  and  by  digging 
30  miles  through  a  level,  low  country,  a 
tedious  navigation,  of  10,000  miles,  round 
.Cape  Horn,  might  be  faved.    What  would 
he  the  confcquences  of  fuch  a  jun«5tion,  is 
not  cafy  to  fay  ;  but  it  is  very  probable, 
that,  in  a  length  of  years,  fuch  a  jundtion 
.would  wear  away  the  earthy  particles  of 
the  idhmuB,  and  form  a  broad  ftrait  be- 
tween the  occnna ;  in  which  cafe,  the 
gulf  ftream  would  ceafe,  being  turned  into 
a  diiFercnt  channel ;  and  a  voyage  round 
the  world  become  an  inconfideriiblething. 
The  Scotch  nation  had  fo  jud  an  idea  of 
the  great  importance  of  this  ifthmus,  that 
they  got  poflelTion  of  a  part  of  the  prov- 
ince in  1699,  and  though  among  the  pnor- 
e(l  nations  in  Europe,  attempted  to  form 
an  eftabliilimcnt  more  ufeful  and  of  more 
real  importance,  all  the  parts  of  the  plan 
confidjsred,  than  had  perhaps  ever  been 
undertaken  by  the  greateft  nation  in  the 
world.    The  proje<Jtor  and  leader  of  the 
Darien  expedition  was  a  clrrgyman,  of 
the  name  of  Paterfon.    The  ""'fe,  progrefs, 
and  cataflrophe,  of  this  well  conceived, 
but  ill  fated  undertaking,  has  bceu  de- 
fcribed,  in  a  very  interelling  manner,  by 
Sir  John  Dalrymple,  in  the  aoth  vol.  of 
bis  memoirs  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
The  fund  fubfcribed,  for  carrying  this 
great  project    into  cfTcdt,  amounted    to 
^.900,000  fterl.  viz.  £.400,000  fubfcribed 
by  the  Scotch,  Xl-300,ooo  by  the  Englilli, 
and  ](|.ioo,ooo  by  the  Dutch  and  Ham- 
hurgheri.    The  Darien  council  aver,  in 


their  pipers,  that  the  right  of  the  compa- 
ny was  debated  before  king  William  III. 
in  the  prefence  of  the  Spanifli  Ambaffa- 
dor,  before  the  colony  left  Scotland ;  and 
while  the  eftablifliment  of  the  colony  had 
been  in  agitation,  Spain  had  made  no  com- 
plaints to  England  or  Scotland  againft  it. 
In  fine,  of  laoo  brave  men,  only  30  evtr 
farvived  war,  fhipwreck,  and  difeafe,  and 
returned  to  Scotland.  The  rnin  of  this 
unhappy  colony  happened  through  the 
fliameful  partiality  ot  William  HI.  and  the 
jcaloufy  of  the  Englifli  nation.  The  ftrong 
country,  where  the  colony  fettled  and 
built  their  forts,  was  a  territory  never 
pofTefred  by  the  .Spaniards,  and  inhabited 
by  a  people  continually  at  war  with  them. 
It  was  at  a  place  called  Adla,  in  the  moutli 
of  the  river  Darien  ;  having  a  capacious 
and  (Irongly  (ituatcd  harbour.  The  coun- 
try they  called  New  Caledonia.  It  wa» 
about  mid  way  between  Porto  Bello  ami 
Carthagena ;  but  near  50  leagues  diftant 
from  either. 

Darien,  Gulf  of,  rups  8  eaftcrly  into 
Terra  Firma.  On  the  eaftcrn  fide  of  its 
mouth,  is  the  towi:  of  St.  Sebanian. 

Darien,  a  port  town  in  Mc  Iiitofli  co. 
Georgia,  by  the  heights  of  which  glides 
the  N.  channel  of  Alatamaha  R.  about  20 
miles  above  Si-.pelo  I.  and  10  below  Fort 
Bnrrington.  It  lies  47  miles  S  S  W  of 
Savannah.     N  lat.  .■ji  ».?,  W  Ion.  80  14. 

Darling  IJlanii,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  larg- 
efl of  two  illands  at  the  entrance  ai^lake 
Simcoe. 

Darlington,  a  dillridl  in  S.  Carolina  ; 
bounded  S  and  S  W  by  Lynch's  creek. 
It  is  about  35  miles  long,  and  ti  broad. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. ' 

Darlington  Teivnjilp,  in  the  county  of 
Durham,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Clarke,  and  fronts  upon  lake  Ontario. 

Dartmtutl)  College.     See  Hanover, 

Dartmouth,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  N  W  of  the  foot  of  the  White 
Mountains ;  3^  miles  N  E  of  Haverhill, 
and  87  N  wcfterly  of  Portfmouth.  It 
contained,  in  1790,  iii  inhabitants,  and 
was  incorporated  in  177?.. 

Daitijtoutb,  a  thrivinjj  feaport  town  in 
Bririol  CO.  MafTachufetts,  fituated  on  the 
W  fide  of  Accufltnet  R.  6a  miles  fouth- 
erly  of  Bolton.  It  was  incorporated  ia 
i66<,  and  contains  2660  inhabitants.  N 
lat.  4 1  3  7,  W  Ion.  70  J  a. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  in  Elbert  CO.  Geor- 
gia, fituated  on  the  peninfula  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  Broad  and  Savannah 
rivers,  9,  miles  from   Fort  James  Dart- 
mouth 


mouth,  w 
Fort,  whi( 
rive  their 
Dartmoutl 
councils  ol 
and  power 
pany  in  G< 
tor  the  ten 
ceded  in  dii 
ers.    This 
of  acres,  ly 
Ogechee,   I 
vannah  ant 
Oconee,  ini 
and  Little 
prebends  a 
well    water 
creeks,  and 
Dauphin, 
feaport  tow 
of  yt.  Domir 
parifhcs.     Ii 
toDec.  31,  < 
fugar,  cofTte 
lafl'es,  ?n'i  t 
dolls.  13  cen 
phin  is  rem 
ftrudled  by  t 
which  cofb  ii 
Dauphin,  / 
Dauphin,  a 
in  the  mouth 
MafTaere   I. 
between  tha 
merly  to  hai 
by  the  gene 
called  by  Mc 
heap  of  hum 
his   landing. 
Dauphin  I. 
between  3  an 
of  land  with 
covered  with 
clofe  to  the  > 
forming  a  la 
mains  of  an  o 
of  the  ifland, 
the  natives. 

Dauphin,  a 
Breton,  round 
principal  fctt 
Louifburg. 

Dauphin  Co, 
merly  contain 
til  crcdled  int< 
4,  1785.  Its  i 
tents  586,400 
by  the  counti 
York,  Berks, ; 
divided  ixito 


town  111 

on  the 

foutli- 

Tited  in 

ints.    N 

Gcor- 
rmcd  by 
avannah 
Eg  Dart- 
mouth 


D  A  U 

mouth,  which  ii  a  mile  below  Charlotte 
Fort,  which  fee.  The  town  and  fort  de- 
rive their  names  from  James,  earl  of 
Dartmouth,  whofe  influence  in  the  Britilli 
councils  obtained  from  the  king,  a  grant 
and  powers  to  the  Indian  trading  com- 
pany in  Georgia  to  treat  with  the  Creeks, 
ior  the  territory  called  the  New  Purebufe, 
ceded  in  difchargc  of  debts  due  to  the  trad- 
ers. This  tra<£t  contains  about  a,ooo,ooo 
of  acres,  lyiug  upon  the  head  of  the  Grc?t 
Ogechee,  between  the  banks  of  th'.  Sa- 
vannah and  AUtamaha,  touching  jn  the 
Oconee,  including  all  the  waters  of  Broad 
and  Little  Rivers.  This  territory  com- 
prehends a  body  of  excellent,  fertile  land, 
well  watered  by  innumerable  rivers, 
creeks,  and  brooks. 

Djuphin,  Fori,  a  jurifdi(Stion,  fort  and 
feaporc  town  in  the  N  part  of  the  iland 
of  St.  Domingo.  This  diviiion  contains  5 
parifhcs.  Its  exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789, 
to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  confided  of 
fugar,  cofTce,  cotton,  indigo,  fpirits,  mo- 
lafles,  ?n'i  tanned  hides,  in  value  35,25a 
dolls.  13  cents.  The  town  of  Fort  Dau- 
phin is  remarkable  for  a  fountain  con- 
ftrutfted  by  the  orders  of  M.  de  Marbois, 
which  coll  10,678  dollars.     N  lat.  19  41. 

DaufiiH,  Fort.     See  JIa  Braga, 

Dauphin,  an  ifland  about  10  miles  long, 
in  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  5  miles  from 
MafTacre  I.  with  a  flioal  all  the  way 
between  them.  Thefe  are  fuppoftd  for- 
merly to  have  been  but  one,  and  went 
by  the  general  name  of  Mafl'acre,  fo 
called  by  Monf.  d'lbberville,  from  a  large 
heap  of  human  bones  found  thereon  at 
his  landing.  It  was  afterwards  called 
Dauphin  I.  The  W  end,  a  dlQance  of 
between  3  and  4  miles,  is  a  narrow  flip 
of  land  with  lome  dead  trees ;  the  reft  is 
covered  with  thick  pines,  which  come 
clofe  to  the  water's  edge  on  the  E  fide» 
forming  a  large  bluff.  There  is  the  re- 
mains of  an  old  French  pofl  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland,  and  of  fome  old  hotifes  of 
the  natives.     N  Ut.  30  10,  W  Ion.  88  7. 

Dauphin,  a  fort  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton,  round  which  the  French  had  their 
principal  fcttlemcnt,  before  they  built 
Louifburg. 

Dauphin  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  was  for- 
merly contained  in  that  of  LancaAer,  un- 
til created  into  a  feparate  county,  March 
4,  1785.  Its  form  is  triangular ;  its  con- 
tents 586,400  acres,  and  is  furrounded 
by  the  counties  of  Mifflin,  Cumberland, 
York,  Berks,  and  Northumberland.  It  is 
divided  iato  9  towulLips,  the  chief  of 


DAV 

which  is  Harrifburg  ;  the  number  of  ht 
inhabitants  33,270.  Nearly  one  half  of 
the  land  is  under  cultivation  ;  but  the 
northern  part  is  very  rough  and  moun- 
tainous. In  feveral  of  the  mountains  is 
found  abundance  of'  iron  ore  of  the  lirft 
quality  ;  a  furnace  and  forge  have  been 
erected  which  carry  on  brifkly  the  man- 
ufadlure  of  pig,  bar  iron,  &c.  'ITie  firft  fct- 
tlers  here  were  Irifti  emigrants,  who  were 
afterwards  joined  by  a  number  of  Germans. 
In  the  town  of  Dcrry,  on  the  bank  of  Swa- 
tara  creek  is  a  remarkable  cavern  ;  its  en- 
trance is  under  a  high  bank,  and  nearly  20 
feet  wide,  and  about  8  or  10  feet  in  height. 
It  defcends  gradually  nearly  to  a  level 
with  the  creek.  Its  apartments  are  nu- 
merous, of  different  lizes,  and  adorned 
with  ftalaiSlites  curioufly  diverfified  in 
fize  and  colour.  Near  the  loot  of  Blue 
mountain  is  a  mineral  fpring,  much  cele- 
brated by  the  country  people  for  its  effi- 
cacy in  removing  rheumatic  and  other 
chronic  difordets. 

Dauphin  R.  !i  river  of  U.  Canada,  which 
empties  into  lake  Winnipeg  on  the  W  fide, 
at  the  head  of  Martin's  bay.   Lat.  52  15  N. 

Daiiidfon,  a  county  in  Mero  diftriiSl, 
Teneffcc,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of  Ken- 
tucky, £  by  Sumner,  and  S  by  the  Indian 
territory.  Its  chief  town,  Nafhville,  lies 
on  the  great  bend  of  CumberkHd  R.  and 
is  watered  alfo  by  the  Harpith  and  Stones 
rivers.  The  timber  is  remarkably  large, 
trees  often  meafiire  8  or  10  feet  diameter. 
It  contains^  9620  inhabitants,  of  whom 
2936  are  flaves. 

Da-vi<tfon  Co.  fo  Called  after  Gen.  William 
Davidfon,  who  bravely  fell  in  defence  of 
his  country  t|||.  the  year  1780,  oppofing 
the  paffage  <j|r  Lord  Cornwallis'  army 
acrofs  the  Catawba  R.  is  bounded  S  by 
the  Indian  boundary,  £  by  Sumner  co. 
and  on  the  other  fides  by  the  counties  of 
Robcrtfon  and  Montgomery.  It  is  wa- 
cd  by  Cumberland,  Harpith,  and  Stones 
rivers. 

David's  Town,  on  the  Affanpink  river, 
Hunterdon  co.  N.  Jerfey,  lo  or  12  miles 
from  Trenton.  Between  thefe  towns  a 
boat  navigation  has  lately  been  opened' 
by  means  of  three  locks,  creiTtcd  at  a 
confider.^ble  cxpenle.  It  is  propoftd  to 
render  this  river  boatable  10  or  15  niiles^ 
further,  in  which  diflance,  no  locks  will 
be  neeeffary. 

David'i  JJland,  St.  a  pariftt  in  the  Ber- 
muda  ijlands,  which  fee. 

Davijlurg,  a  port  town  in  Chriflian  co. 
Kentucky,  816  miles  W  of  Wafhington. 

Davit'* 


la  r    'Vf 


'\  ;?. 


m\ 


;!|ir. 


PED 


DEE 


Havls^t  Strait,  a  narrow  fea,  lying  be- 
tween the  N  main  of  America,  and  the 
weAcru  coad  of  Greenland ;  running  N  W 
from  Cape  Farewell,  lat.  60 1^,  to  BafHn's 
bay  in  80,  It  had  ita  name  from  Mr. 
John  Davis,  who  iSrft  difcovered  it.  It 
extends  to  W  Ion.  75,  where  it  commu- 
nicates with  BafHn's  ^ay,  which  lies  to  the 
If  of  this  ftrait,  and  of  the  North  ^ain, 
OV  James's ifland.    See  Ba^nt  Lay. 

Pawfujiet,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  S, 
Carolina,  which  foims  the  N  £  fide  of 
%he  entrance  of  Savannah  R.  and  S  W 
fide  of  the  entrance  of  Broad  R.  and  ad- 
mits of  au  inland  communicatipu  between 
^  the  two  rivers. 

Daxaboitf  DajaBon,  or  DaBaLon,  which  the 
French  call  LaxaboH,  is  a  town  an(}  fettle- 
ment  of  Spaniards  pn  the  line  between 
fhe  French  and  Spanifh  diviiions  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  It  was  fettled  tp 
prevent  fmuggiing,  when  the  Spaniards 
had  their  fliare  of  the  ithnd.  It  is  boundT 
cd  E  by  the  territory  of  St.  Yago,  N  by 
the  extremity  of  the  bed  pf  the  Great 
Yaqui,  and  the  bay  of  Mancenilla,  Vf  by 
the  river  and  little  i/land  of  Maflacre.  It 
contains  about  4000  perfons.  The  town 
ftaiids  400  fathoms  from  the  E  bank  of 
MafTacre  R.  more  than  80  leagues  N  W 
of  St  Domingo,  and  28  W  pf  St.  Yago, 
N  lat.  19  32,  W  Icn.  from  Paris  74  9. 

Day's  Point,  On  James  R.  in  Virginia. 
Tiiere  is  a  plantation  here  of  about  icoo 
acres,  which  at  a  dif^ance  appetiis  as  if 
covered  with  i'now  ;  occafioned  by  a  bed 
of  clam  fliells,  which  by  repeated  plough- 
ing have  become  fine,  and  mixed  with  the 
earth. 

Dayton,  z,  towndiip  at  th9  mouth  pf 
Mad  river,  in  the  N.  W.  teripory. 

Da  Bo's  Blam,  an  ifland  belonging  to  the 
N.  W.  territory,  a  voluntary  gift  of  the 
Chipetvay  nation  to  tiie  United  States,  at 
the  treaty  of  peace  concluded  by  gen. 
Wayne  at  Greenville,  in  1795. 

JDead  Cbeft  JJland,  One  of  the  fmallcr 
Virgin  ifles,  fitiiated  near  the  E  end  of 
Peter's  ifland,  and  W  of  that  of  Cooper's. 

Deadtnan't  Bay,  on  the  E  fide  of  New- 
foundland iflr.r.d,  l'>s  S  of  St.  John's  har>. 
i>our,  and  N  W  of  Cape  Spear. 

Dedbam,  a  port  town,  and  the  capital  of 
J^orfolk  CO.  Maflachufetts,  cilled  by  the 
aboriginals  Tiot,  and  by  thp  firft  fettlers, 
Clapboard  Trees  ;  one  of  the  pariflies  Hill 
retains  this  name.  The  to>vn<hi[)  was 
incorporated  in  1637,  is  7  miles  in  length, 
and  6  in  breadth,  and  contains  1973  in- 
habitants.   Its  public  buildings  are  3  con- 


gregational churches,  an  epifcopal  churcb,, 
a  court  houfe,  and  g?oL  It  is  pleafantly 
fituated,  1 1  mUea  S  W  ofBofton,on  Charlcit 
R.  A  fmall  dream  furni£hes  water  mod 
part  of  the  year  to  2  grid  mills,  7,  faw  mills, 
2  fulling  mills,  anda  leather  mill,  all  in  the 
fpace  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and  \om% 
Neponfit  R.  on  the  borders  of  Milton. 
A  '*vire  manufadlory  is  eredted  here,  for 
the  ufe  of  the  fiflihook  and  card  manufac- 
turers in  fipdon. 

Deal,  in  Monmouth  co.  N.  Jerfey,  about 
7  miles  fouthward  of  Shrewibury.  This, 
place  is  the  refort  of  great  numbeis  of 
people  from  Philadelphia,  in  fummer,  for 
health  and  pleafure. 

Deep  Spring,  in  the  date  of  N.  York,  is  a 
curiofity,  and  lies  on  or  near  the  road 
about  9  miles  S  of  Oneida  lake,  at  the  head 
pf  Chittenengo  creek,  and  10  miles  S  W  of 
Oneida  cadle. 

Deep  R.  in  N.CaroUna.rifcs  in  Wachovia, 
and  unites  with  Haw  R.  and  forms  the  N 
W  branr ?i . '  Cape  Fear  river. 

Deerf<  J,  .<  f^  town  in  Cumberland  co, 
N.  Jerfey,  <         • '  s  from  W^alliington. 

DeerfieL  ./  :  e  Po^e/w/w,  rifps  in  Strat-. 
ton,  in  BeiuUiigton  co.  Vermont,  and  after 
receiving  a  number  of  (Ireams  from  the 
adjoining  towns,  unite  on  entering  Maf- 
fachufetts  ;  thence  winding  in  au  £  direc- 
tion, it  receives  Nprth  R.  and  empties  in- 
tp  Connetfliicut  R.  between  the  towuHiips 
of  Greenfield  and  Deerfield,  where  it  i» 
about  15  rods  wide.  Excellent  tradts  of 
meadow  ground  lie  on  its  banks. 

Deerfield,  a  very  pleafant  pod  town  in 
Haropfliire  co.  Mafiacbuletts,  on  the  W 
bank  of  Connedlicut  R.  from  which  the 
compadt  part  of  the  town  is  feparated  by 
a  chain  of  high  liills.  It  is  in  the  midd  of 
a  fertile  country,  and  has  a  fmall  inland 
trade.  The  compadt  part  of  the  town  has 
from  60  to  IOC  houfes, principally  on  one 
ftreet,  ^d  a  handfome  congregational 
church.  It  has  1531  inhabitants ;  17  miles 
N  of  Nprthampton,  and  92  N  by  W  of 
Bodcn.  Ihe  houfe  in  which  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Williams  an^  his  family  were  captivated 
by  the  Indians  in  the  ^arly  fettlement  of 
this  town,  is  dill  danding,  and  the  hole  ii\ 
the  door,  cut  by  the  Indians  with  their 
hatchets,  is  dill  fliewn  as  a  curiofity.  An 
academy,  incorporated  in  1797,  by  the. 
name  of"  The  Deerfield  Academy,"  is 
edablidied  in  this  town.  I^  is  430  miles 
NEofWafliington. 

Deerfield,  Si  vidY  fettled  agricultural  town 
in  Rockingham  co.  N.  Hampflure,  and  was 
a  part  of  the  townlhip  of  Nottingham,  19 

mil'is 


milf  I  3  E 

Portfmout 

and  was  in 

Deer  Ijla 

Penobfcwt 

containing 

corporated 

S  E  of  Cafl 

Deer,  an 

Deering, ; 

JJ.  Hampfl 
contains  i 
miles  S  W 
Portfmoutl 

Defiance, 
uated  on  th 
confluence  > 
the  Miami 
between  Fo 
lake  Erie. 

De  La  I 
nois  R.  in  1 
yards  wide, 

Delamatfei 
with  the  De 

De  La  W 
CO.  Virginia 
fula  formed 
munkyandl 
thence  aflui 
lies  20  miles 

N  lat.  37  31 

Delatvare 

60  miles  Ion 

trance  of  thi 

occupies  a  fj 

and  is  io  wid 

in  the  middl 

thfe  land.    It 

and  S  £,  bet 

right,  and  Ci 

capes  are  18 

R.  was  called 

nals,  and  in  a 

ed  Zuydt  R. 

branches  in  ^ 

mod  of  whic 

Cookquago  b 

the,lat.  42  25 

turning  S  eal 

fvlvania  line  1 

thence,  it  reci 

from  the  N  E, 

ntountains.    ' 

imtil  it  drikes 

in  lat.  41  24 

through  Delai 

K,  and   Pennf 

The  bay  and  i 

fea  up  to  tlie  ^ 


DEL 


DEL 


foilpt  S  £  of  Cppcord,  and  35  N  W  of 
Portfmouth.  It  contains  1878  iiihabitanu, 
and  was  incorporated  in  1766. 

Deer  Ifland^  an  iflaud  and  townfhip  in 
Penobfcet  bay,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
containing  1094  inhabitants.  It  was  ii^ 
corporatedin  1789,  and  lies  about  8  mil^s 
S  £  of  CalUne. 

Deer,  an  ifland  ip  PaiTamaquoddy  bay. 

Deerlng,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough  co, 
H  Hamp{hire,  incorporated  in  1774.  It 
contains  1244  inhabitants,  and  lies  15 
miles  S  W  of  Concord,  and  54  miles  W  of 
Portfrnouth. 

Defiance,  a  fort  in  the  (late  of  Ohio,  llt- 
uated  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  of  Au  Glaize,  and 
the  Miami  of  the  lake,  nearly  half  way 
between  Fort  Wayne  on  the  Miami,  and 
lake  £rie.    N  lat.  41  41,  W  Ion.  84  43. 

De  La  March,  a  weftern  water  of  Illi- 
nois R.  in  the  N  W  territory.  It  is  30 
yards  wide,  and  navigable  8  or  9  miles. 

Delamjttenoos,  an  Indian  tribe,  in  alliapc^ 
with  the  Delawares. 

De  La  War,  a  town  in  King  William's 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  broad  peniif- 
fula  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Pa- 
munky  andMattaiKiny.  The  unitedllream 
thence  afiumes  the  name  of  York  R.  It 
lies  20  miles  N  by  W  of  Wijliamfburg,  in 
N  lat.  37  31  W. 

Delaware  Bay  and  River.  The  bay  is 
60  miles  long,  from  the  cape  to  the  en- 
trance of  the  river,  at  Bombay  Hook ;  and 
occupies  a  I'pace  of  about  636,000  acres  ; 
and  is  lb  wide  in  lome  parts,  as  th^t  a  Ihip, 
in  the  middle  uf  it,  cannot  be  feen  from 
thfe  land.  It  opens  into  the  Atlantic  N  W 
and  S  £,  between  Cape  Henlopeq  on  the 
right,  and  Cape  May  on  the  left.  Thei'e 
capes  are  1 8  or  to  miles  apart.  Delaware 
R.  was  called  Chihohocki  by  the  aborigi- 
nals, and  in  aii  old  Nurenbeigmap  is  nam- 
fA  Zuydt  R.  It  rifes  by  two  principal 
branches  in  N.  York  rtate.  The  northern- 
mofl  of  which,  called  the  Mohawk's  or 
Cookquago  branch,  rifes  in  lake  Utfayan- 
the,Iat.  42  25,  and  takes  a  S  W  courle,  and 
turning  S  eaftwardly,  it  croiTes  the  Penn- 
fylvania  line  in  lat.  42 ;  about  7  miles  from 
thence,  it  receives  the  Popachton  branch 
from  the  N  E,  which  rities  in  thp  Kaats  Kill 
mountains.  Thence  it  runs  fouthwardly, 
until  it  Qrikes  the  N  W  corner  of  N. Jerfey, 
in  lat.  41  24  ;  and  then  pulVcs  ofF  to  lea 
through  Delaware  bay ;  having  N.  Jerfey 
V,  and  Pennfylvania  and  Delaware  W. 
I'he  bay  and  river  are  navigable  from  the 
(ea  up  to  the  great  or  low<:r  falls  at  Trca- 


ton,  155  miles;  and  are  accommodate^ 
with  buoys  and  piers  for  the  dircdlion  and 
fafety  of  Jliips.  A  74  gun  Hiip  may  go  up 
to  Philadelphia,  120  niiies  by  the  thip 
channel  from  the  fea.  The  di  fiance  acruls 
the  land,  iu  a  S^£  courfe,  to  N.  Jerfey  coafl, 
is  but  60  miles.  Sloops  go  iS  miles  above 
Philadelphia,  to  Trenton  fails  ;  boats  that 
carry  8or9  tons.ioo miles  farther, and In» 
dian  canpes  i  jo  miles,  except  I'cverallmal] 
falls  or  portages.  For  other  (Articulars 
relating  to  this  rivpr.  See  Henhpen,  May, 
Bombay  Hock,  JRecdy  I.  Schuylkill,  Lehigh,  &C. 
It  is  in  contemplation  tp  conned^  the  wa- 
ters of  Chefapeak  bay  with  thofe  of  Del- 
aware R.  by'  4  different  canals,  viz  Elk  K, 
with  Chrifuaua  creek ;  Broad  creek,  an- 
othor  branch  with  Red  Lion  creek  ;  Bo- 
hemia, a  third  branch  of  the  Elk,  with 
Apoquinemy  creek ;  and  Chufler  R.  with 
Dpck  creek. 

Delaware,  a  iniall  river  of  Eafl  Florida. 
See  Charlotte  Haven. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
N.  America,  is  fituated  between.  38  29  30, 
and  39  54  N  lat.  and  between  75  ;  nd  75 
48  W  Ion.  being  in  length  92  miles,  and 
in  breadth  24  miles  ;  containing  2000 
fquare  miles,  or  1,200,000  acres.  It  is 
bounded  £  by  the  river  and  bay  of  tlie 
fapie  name,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  on 
the  S  by  a  line  from  Fenewick's  ifland,  in 
N  lat.  38  29  30,  drawn  W  till  it  interfedis 
what  is  commonly  called  the  tangent  line, 
dividing  it  from  the  flate  of  Maryland  ; 
on  the  W  by  the  faid  tangent  line,  pafTing 
northward  up  the  peninfula,  till  it  touch- 
es the  weftern  part  of  the  territorial  cir- 
cle ;  and  thei»ce  on  the  N  by  the  laid  cir- 
cle, defcribcd  with  a  radius  of  12  miles 
about  the  town  of  Newcaftle,  which  di- 
vides this  ftate  from  Pennfylvania.  Tliis 
ftate  derived  its  n:ime  from  Lord  Dc  La 
War,  who  was  inllrunipntal  in  eftabli  fil- 
ing tlie  firft  fettlement  of  Virginia.  It  is  di- 
vided into 3  counties, Newcallle,  Kent, and 
SufTex  ;  whofe  chief  towns  are  Wilming- 
ton, Newcaftle,  Dover  and  Lewes.  Do-  . 
ver  is  the  feat  of  Government.  1  he  mun- 
berofinhabitants  is  64,173,  of  whom  6t53 
are  flaves.  The  eaftern  fide  of  the  ftritc  is 
indented  witha  large  number  oi  crecks.or 
fmall  rivers,  which  generally  iuve  a  fliort 
courfe,  foft  banks,  numerous  ll.oais,  and 
are  fkiited  with  very  extemive  niarilies, 
anderipty  into  the  river  and  bay  ot  Del- 
aware. In  the  foufhei  11  and  wcflcni 
parts  of  this  ftate,  fpringths  head  watert 
of  Pocomoke,  Wicoinico,  N.iuticoke, 
Choptaak,  Chcner,Sal]V.fius  and  Buheiuia 

livers, 


&^ 


':  »* 


DEL 

rivers,  all  falUnjj  into  Chefapeak  bay ; 
fome  of  them  are  navigable  ao  or  30  miles 
into  the  country,  for  veflcls  of  50  or  60 
tons.  The  ftate  of  Delaware,  the  upper 
parts  of  tlic  county  of  Newcaftle  exctpt- 
*d,  is,  to  fpeak  generally,  iow  and  level. 
Large  quantities  of  flagnant  water,  at 
particular  fcafonsof  the  year,overfprcad- 
jng  a  great  proportion  of  the  land,  render 
it  equally  unfit  for  the  purpofes  of  agri- 
culture, and  injurious  to  the  heatth  of  the 
inhabitants.  The  fpine,  or  highcft  ridge 
of  the  peninfula.runs  through  the  flate  of 
Delaware,  inclined  to  the  eaftern  or  Del- 
aware fide.  Il  is  defignated  in  Suflex, 
Kent,  and  part  of  Newcaftle  co.  by  a  re- 
markable chain  of  fwamps,  from  which 
the  waters  defcend  on  each  fide,  pafifingon 
the  eaft,  to  the  Delaware,  and  on  the  \vc1k 
to  the  Chefapeak.  Delaware  is  chiefly  an 
agricultural  ftate.  It  includes  a  very  fer- 
tile tra«Sl  of  country  ;  and  fcarcely  any 
part  of  the  United  States  is  better  adapt- 
ed to  the  different  purpofes  of  agriculture, 
or  in  which  a  greater  variety  of  the  moft 
iifeful  productions  can  be  fo  conveniently 
and  plentifully  reared.  The  foil  along 
the  Delaware  river,  and  from  8  to  lo 
miles  into  the  interior  country,  is  gener- 
ally a  rich  clay.  From  thence  to  the 
fwamps  abovemcntioned,  the  foil  is  light, 
fandy,  and  of  an  inferior  quality.  Except- 
ing fome  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  county 
of  Newcaftle,  the  furface  of  the  ftate  is 
very  little  broken  or  irregular.  The 
heights  of  Chriftiana  are  lofty  and  com- 
manding ;  fome  of  the  hiJls  of  Brandy  wine 
are  rough  and  ftony ;  but  defcending 
from  thefe,  and  a  fc^v  others,  the  lower 
country  is  fo  little  diverfified  as  ainioft  to 
form  one  extended  plain.  In  the  county 
of  Newcaftle  tlte  foil  ctmfifts  of  a  ftrong 
<lay;  in  Kent,  there  is  a  confiderable 
mixture  of  faiud  ;  and  in  Suflex,  the  quan- 
tity of  fand  altogether  predominates. 
Wheat  grows  here  in  fuch  perfection  as 
not  only  to  be  particularly  fought  by  the 
manufacfturers  cf  flour  throughout  the 
Union,  but  alfo  to  be  diftinguifhcd  and 
jweferred,  for  its  fuperior  qualities,  in 
foreign  markets.  This  wheat  poflefl'es  an 
tmcomtnon  foftnefs  and  whitenefs,  and 
jiuik.es  the  beft  liiperfine  flour,  aiwl  in 
father  refpedts  far  exceeds  the  hard  and 
flinty  grains  raifed  in  general  on  the  high- 
er hinds.  P.efide  wheat,  tiiis  ftate  gene- 
rally produces  plentiful  crops  of  Indian 
corn,  barley,  rye,  oats,  flax,  buck  wheat, 
Mild  potatoes,  and  the  various  kinds  of 
fruit  in  great  perfection.    It  abounds  in 


DEL 

natural  and  artificial  meadows,  containing 
a  large  variety  of  grafl'es.  Hemp,  cotton, 
and  filk,  if  properly  attended  to,  doubtlefii 
would  flourifli  very  well.  The  county  of 
SuiTcx,  has  excellent  grazing  lands.  From 
it  alfo  are  exported  very  large  ijuantities 
of  himber,  obtained  chiony  from  an 
extenfive  fwamp,  called  the  Indian  R.  or 
Cyprcfs  Swamp,  lying  partly  within  this 
ftate,  and  partly  in  the  ftate  of  Maryland. 
This  rnorais  extends  6  miles  from  E  to  W, 
and  nearly  12  from  N  to  S,  including  an 
area  of  nearly  50,000  acres  of  land.  The 
whole  of  this  fwamp  is  a  high  and  level 
bafon,  very  wet,  though  undoubtedly  the 
highcft  land  between  the  fea  and  the  bay, 
whence  the  Pokomoke  defcends  on  one 
fide,  and  Injlian  R.  and  St.  Martin's  on  the 
other.  This  fwamp  contains  a  great  vari- 
ety of  plants,  trees,  wild  beafts,  birds  and 
reptiles.  Almoft  the  whole  of  the  foreign 
exports  of  Delaware  are  from  Wilming- 
ton :  the  trade  from  this  ftate  to  Philadel- 
phia is  great,  being  tlie  principal  fource 
whence  that  city  draws  its  ftaple  commod- 
ity. No  lefs  than  265,000  barrels  of  flour, 
300,000  bufliels  of  wheat,  1 70,000  bufli- 
els  of  Indian  corn,  befide  barley,  oats, 
flaxfeed,  paper,  flit  iron,  fnuff,  falted  pro- 
vifions,  &c.  &c.  to  a  very  confiderable 
amount,  ar«  annually  fent  from  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Delaware  ftate  ;  of  whicb  the 
Chriftiana  is  by  far  the  moft  produiftive, 
andprobablymany  times  as  much  foasany 
other  creek  or  river  of  like  magnitude  in 
the  Union;  245,000  bJrrelsof  flour, andclh- 
er  articles,  to  the  amount  of  8o,oco  dolls, 
more,  being  exported  from  this  creek ;  of 
which,  to  the  value  of  550,000  dollars,  are 
manufa«Sturcd  on  its  northern  bank,  with- 
in two  or  three  miles  of  the  navigation. 
Among  other  branches  of  induftry  exer- 
cifed  in  and  near  Wilmington,  are  a  cot- 
ton manufa(£tory  ;  a  bolting  cloth  nianu- 
fa<ftory  has  lately  been  eftabliflied  by  an 
ingenious  Furopean ;  both  of  which  have 
promlfed  fair  to  be  a  lafting  advantage  to 
the  country.  In  the  county  of  Newcaftle 
are  feveral  fullingmills,  a  IhufFmills,  i  fliting 
mill,  4  paper  mills,  and  60  mills  for  grird- 
ing  grain,  all  of  which  are  turned  by  wa- 
ter. But  though  Wilmington  and  its 
neighbourliood  ar«  probably  already  the 
greateft  feat  of  manufadtures  in  the  U.  S. 
yet  they  are  capable  of  being  much  im- 
proved in  this  refpeA,  as  the  country  ik 
hilly  and  abounds  with  running  water  ; 
the  Brand)  wine  alone  might,  with  a  mod- 
erate eupcnl'e, when  compared  with  the 
objci5t,  be  brought  to  the  top  of  the  hill 

upuu 


DEL 


DEL 


upon  which  Wilmington  it  fituated, 
whereby  a  full  fufiicient  for  forty  mills, 
in  addition  to  thofc  already  built,  would 
be  obtained.  The  legiilature,  during  their 
feillon  in  January  1796,  pafled  an  adl  to 
create  a  fund  for.  the  edabliHiment  of 
fchools  throughout  the  ftate.  The  manu- 
fadture  of  flour  is  carried  to  a  higher  de- 
gree of  perfetflion  in  this  (late  than  in  any 
other  in  the  Union.  Eelide  the  well 
con(lru<£ted  milb  on  Red  clay  and  White 
clay  creeks,  and  other  ftreams  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  (late,  the  celebrated 
colledtion  of  mills  at  Brandywine  merit  a 
particular  defcription.  Here  are  to  be 
iieen,  at  one  view,  iz  merchant  mills  (be- 
iide  a  faw  mill)  which  have  double  that 
number  of  pairs  of  (loneg,  all  of  fuperior 
dimendons,  and  excellbnt  conflruclion. 
There  mills  are  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
the  creek  on  which  they  (land,  half  a 
mile  from  Wilmington,  and  17  from  Phi- 
ladelphia, on  the  pod  road  from  the  eaff- 
ern  to  the  fonthern  dates.  They  are  call- 
ed the  Bmndywine  mills,  from  the  ftream 
on  which  they  are  eredled.  This  dream 
rifes  near  the  Welch  mountains  in  Penn- 
fylvania,  and  after  a  winding  courfe  of  30 
or  40  miles  through  falls,  which  furnilh 
numerous  feats  (130  of  which  are  already 
occupied)  for  every  fpeciesof  water  works, 
empties  Into  ChrLftiana  creek,  near  Wil- 
mington. The  quantity  of  wheat  manu- 
faAured  at  thefe  mills,  annually,  is  not 
accurately  afcertaiued.  It  is  eftrmated, 
however,  by  the  beft  informed  on  the  fiib- 
jedt,  that  thefe  mills  can  grind  400,000 
imfliels  in  a  year.  But  althou^li  they  are 
capable  of  manufacturing  this  quantity 
yearly,  yet  from  the  difficulty  of  procur- 
ins;  a^permanent  fupply  of  grain,  the  infta- 
bility  of  the  flour  market  and  other  cir- 
nimftances,  there  are  not  commonfy  more 
than  from  about  490  to  300,000  bufliels 
of  wheat  and  corn  manufadurcd  here 
annually.  In  the  fall  of  1789,  and  fpriug 
of  1790,  there  w^re  made  at  the  Brandy- 
wine  mills  .?o,ooo  barrels  of  fuperfine 
flour,  1 354 do.  of  common.  400  do.  mid- 
dling, a*  many  of  fliip  (luff,  and  1000  do. 
com  meal.  The  quantity  of  wheat  and 
com  ground,  from  which  this  flour,  &c. 
was  iriade,  was  308,000  biiilicls,  equal  to 
the  export  in  thofe  articles  from  the  port 
of  Philadelphia  for  the  fame  year.  Thefe 
mills  give  employment  to  about  200  per- 
fbns,  viz.  about  40  to  tend  the  mills,  from 
50  to  70  coopers  to  make  ca(k8  for  the 
flour,  a  fufficient  number  to  man  it  floops 
•f  about  30  tea*  eacli,  which,  are  employ- 


ed in  the  tranfportation  of  the  wheat  nnS 
flour,  the  reft  in  various  other  occupation* 
conne«Sted  with  the  mills.  The  naviga- 
tion quite  to  thefe  mills  is  fuch,  that  a 
vefiel  carrying  1000  buflieU  of  wheat 
may  be  laid  along  fide  of  any  of  thefe 
mills;  and  befide  fome  of  them  the  water  is 
of  iuflicient  depth  to  admitvefl'eU  of  twice 
the  above  iiv.e.  The  vcflels  are  unloaded 
with  a(loniniiug  expedition.  There  have 
been  inftances  of  1000  buihcls  being  car* 
ried  to  the  height  of  4  (hiries  in  4  hours. 
It  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  veflels  witb 
jooo  bufliels  of  wheat  come  up  with  flood 
tide,  unlade  and  go  away  the  fuccceding 
ebb  with  300  barrels  of  flour  on  board. 
In  confequencc  of  the  machines  introduc- 
ed by  the  ingenious  Mr.  Oliver  Evans, 
-fths  of  the  mamial  lalxiur  before  found 
necelTary  is  now  fiiflicient  for  every  pur- 
pofe.  By  means  of  thefe  machines,  when 
made  ule  of  in  the  full  extent  propofed 
by  the  inventor,  the  whesit  will  he  receiv- 
ed on  the  fliallop's  dcqk,  thence  carried  to 
the  upper  loft  of  the  mill,  and  a  eon  (id  (?ra- 
blo  portion  of  the  fame  returned  in  flour 
on  the  lower  floor,  ready  for  packing, 
without  the  afliftance-  of  manual  labour 
but  in  a  very  fmall  deforce,  iu  proportion 
to  the  bufinefs  done.  The  tranfportation 
of  flour  from  the  mills  to  the  port  of  Wil- 
mington, does  not  require  half  an  hour  ; 
and  it  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  a  cargo 
is  taken  from  the  mills  and  delivered  at 
Phihidelphia  the  fame  day.  The  (itua- 
tionof  thefe  mills  is  very  pleafant  and 
healthful.  The  firft  mill  was  built  hete 
about  60  years  ftnce.  There  is  now  a 
fmall  town  of  40  houfes,  principally  ftone 
and  brick,  which,  together  w(ith  the  mills 
and  the  veflels  loading  and  unloading  be- 
(ide  thorn,  furnifli  a  charming  profprdl 
from  the  bridge,  from  whence  they  are  all 
in  full  view.  Befide  the  wheat  and  flour 
trade,  this  (tate  exports  lumber  and  vari- 
ous other  articles.  The  amount  of  ex- 
ports for  the  year  ending  September  3Cth, 
1791,  was  119,878  dolls.  93  cents;  d»>. 
1792,133,972  dolls.  47  cents;  do.  1793, 
9.1»559  doll*.  45  cents  j  do.  1794,  307,985 
dolls.  33  cents  ;  do.  I795»  1.^8,041  dolls. 
21  cents ;  do.  1801,  440,jro4  dolLs.  loiliis 
ftate  there  is  a  variety  of  religious  denom-' 
inations.  Of  Pre(hyterians  there  are  24 
churches  ;  of  Epifcopalians  14  ;  of  Bap- 
tifts  7  ;  of  Methodifts,  a  coniiderable  num- 
ber, efpecially  in  the  two  lower  counties 
of  Kent  and  SufTex  ;  the  number  of  their 
churches  is  not  exadlly  afcertained.  Be- 
fide thefe  there  is  a  Swedifli  church  at 

Wilmirgton* 


;.iil, 


t)EL 

iV'ilmlngton,  which  it  one  of  the  oldeft 
churches  in  the  United  State*.  There  are 
£cw  minerals  in  this  ftate,  except  iron ; 
large  quantities  of  bot|  iron, ore, very  fit 
for  cafiings,  are  found  tii  Siiflez  co.  among 
the  branches  of  Nanticoke  R.  Before 
the  revolution  this  ore  was  worked  to  a 
great  amount. ;  but  this  bufinefs  has  fince 
declined.  Wheat  and  lumber  are  the  fta« 
pie  commodities  of  this  (late.  The  other 
articles  of  produce  and  nianufadhire,  are 
Indian  corn,  barley,  pats,  flaxfeed,  falted 
proviflons,  paper,  flit  iron.  fnulF,  See.  Set- 
tlements were  nude  here  oy  the  Dutch  a- 
bout  the  year  1613,  and  by  the  Swedes 
about  the  year  1637.  Their  fettlements 
were  coniprehended  in  the  grant  to  the 
duke  of  York ;  and  U^lliam  Penn  united 
them  to  his  government  by  purchafe. 
They  were  afterwards  ffeparated,  in  fome 
meafure,  from  Penilfylvania,and  denomi- 
nated the  'ttree  Lower  Countiet,  They 
had  their  own  afiemblies,  but  the  gover- 
nor of  Pennfylvania  ufed  to  attend,  as  he 
did  in  his  own  proper  goveminent.  At 
the  late  revolution,  the  three  counties 
were  eredted  into  a  fovereign  ftate  ;  and 
liave  eftabliihed  i  republican  conftitu- 
tion. 

Dtlavaari  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  is  S  W  of 
Philadelphia  co.  on  Delaware  R.  It  is 
about  21  miiesin  iength.and  15  in  breadth, 
containing  il.r,loo  acres,  and  fubdivided 
into  41  townfliips ;  the  chief  of  which  is 
Chefter.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is 
12,809.  Hie  iands  bordering  On  the  Del- 
aware are  low,  and  aiFord  excellent  mead- 
ow and  palturage ;  and  arc  guarded  ff  om 
inundations  by  mdiinds  of  earth  or  dykes, 
which  are  fometimes  broken  down  in  ex- 
traordinary fredies  in  the  river.  If  this 
liappens  before  cutting  the  grafs,  the  crop 
t>f  hay  is  loft  for  that  feafoa,  and  the  rep- 
aration of  the  breaches  is  expenlive  to  the 
firoprietors.  Great  numbers  of  cattle  are 
>r<night  here  from  the  wedern  parts  of 
Virginia,  and  N.  Carolina,  to  be  fattened 
for  fupplying  the  Philadelphia  market. 

Ddatvare,  a  county  in  N.  York,  on  the 
head  waters  of  Delaware  R.  and  has  a  1,700 
inhabitants. 

:\Dth'a)aret  a  ton^diip  in  Wayne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  381  inhabitants. 

Delatuaret,  an  Indian  nation,  formerly 
liumcrons  and  powerful,  and  who  poflTeif- 
cd  part  of  Pennfylvania,  N.  Jerfey,  and 
l4.  York,  "fhis  name  w'as  doubtlcfs  given 
them  \tf  the  Europeans ;  for  they  call 
thcmfelves  Lennilenape,  that  is,  Indian 
nen  :  or  Woipanachky,  which  fignifies  a 


i)EM 

people  living  towards  the  rifing  fun.  Tlii^ 
now  refide  about  half  way  between  lake 
Erie  and  Ohio  R.  They  are  an  ingenious 
and  intelligent  people ;  arid  like  the  Si^ 
Nations,  are  celebrated  for  their  courage, 
peaceable  difpofition,  .and  powerful  alli- 
ances. Almoft  all  the  neighbouring  na- 
tions are  in  league  with  them,  efpccially 
the  Mahikan,  Shawanves,  Cherokces^ 
Twichtwees,  Wawiachtanos,  Rikapus^ 
Moflikos,  Tuckachflias,  Chippeways,  O' 
tawas,  Piitewoatamies,  and  *"  leaf 
The  Delawares  were  lately  .  ^ile,  b<' 
niade  peace  with  the  United  States,  1 795* 
and  ceded  fome  lands.  The  United  States, 
on  the  other  hand,  have  engaged  to  pay 
them  iiii  goods,  to  the  value  oif  1000  dolls, 
a  year  for  ever.  Formerly  the  Delaware* 
could  furnidi  600  warriors ;  but  theiif 
number  is  conflderabiy  decreafcd  by  war 
unce  that  time;. 

Delaware  Tovbiijliifi,  id  the  connty  of 
Suffolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  river  Thames,  on  the  plaint  abovi 
the  Delaware  village  of  Indians; 

Deliverance,  Cape,  is  the  S  £  point  oTthe 
land  of  Louiliade.  Bougainville  was  here, 
and  named  it  in  1768. 

Del  Rey,  a  captainfliip  in  the  foutherri 
diyifion  of  fiirazil,  whofe  chief  town  is  St. 
Salvadore. 

Del  Spiritu  Sanio,  a  river  which  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  N  W  end  of 
the  peninfula  of  Florida- 

Demararai  a  river  in  Dutch  Guiana,  ill 
S.  America,  is  about  two  ni'les  wide  at  its 
month,  dppofite  the  fort,  on  the  £  bank 
of  the  riVer,  and  abcfut  45  miles  diftaht 
from  Abary  creek;  It  is  fcareely  a  mile: 
wide,  t%  miles  above  the  fort  {  and  ittf 
courfe  is  from  S  to  N.  It  i*  navigable 
upwards  of  200  miles  for  veiTels  which 
can  pafs  the  bar  at  its  mouth,  which  is  a 
mud  bank,  riot  having  above  24  feet  at 
the  higheft  tides.  The  difference  between 
high  and  low  water  mark,  is  from  lO  M 
I i  feet.  The  fort,  if  properly  fupiplied 
with  men  and  ammunition,  is  able  eflec- 
tually  to  guard  its  entrance.  Staebroeck^ 
the  (eat  of  government,  (lands  on  the  E. 
(ide  of  the  fiver,  i^  miles  above  the  fort* 

Demamra,  a  diftriift  in  Dutch  Ottian^ 
which,  together  with  ElTequcbo,  fotm  one 
governmient,  and  have  the  fame  court  of 
police,  but  each  has  a  feparate  court  of 
juftice.  The  two  diftridts  contain  about 
3000  whites,  and  46,000  (laves.  Dema- 
rara  R.  which  gives  name  to  the  didridl, 
pafles  through  it,and  is  ufually  vifited  by 
40  or  50  large  fhips  from  Holland,  who 
^  cftea 


Mfteb  make  1 

upwards  of 

Dutch  and  0 

are  regular!) 

fea  (hore,  ca 

•fa  mile  wic 

mile  back  ii 

contains  aboi 

fully  cultivat 

tain  a  fimiiai 

fo  on  in  prog 

tain  laOjOoo 

ally  half  a  j 

tioa  is  reckoi. 

"egrocs.    Th 

creeks  are  chi 

the  diftance  o 

fea ;   thence 

foil  becomes  G 

canes.     Beyor 

wood,  for  buil 

The  following 

produce  fliipi 

Demarara,  an 

Jan.  I,  1798,  t 

the  Cuftom  Hi 

rear.    VmcIi.  Su 
l?^:„  HI 

I'oretyu,       jj      j 


JIntilh, 
I'ortigii, 

1800. 

Britilh, 

Foreign, 


aui     ( 
71      I 

300 


.  ayo   10, 

Biitilh.      539  13, 
f ©reign,     H6 

2+5  '4 
Total,  1049  36.. 
54.643  (laves  \ 
'798,  to  Jan.  1, 

Demi  ^ian, 
on  the  wellern  : 
^.  W,  territory, 
courfe,  is  naviga 
fwamp  of  its  nai 
near  its  mouth 
wide,  34  miles  a 
tnilcs  above  the 
of  a  circular  fori 
'ivcr,  is  6  miles 
the  liliuois  by  a 
171  miles  from  t 
De/iyt  £.  a  fn 
CO.  Maine,  aa 
fourcc  M  in  a  pi 
V«i.  I.  *^ 


»EN 


DEH 


iiftcti  make  two  voyages  in  i  yitt,  bcfidc 
upwards  of  250  fniller  Tcfliels,  under  the 
Dutch  and  other  flags.  The  plantations 
are  regularly  laid  out  in  lots  along  the 
fca  (hote,  called  fa^des,  about  a  quarter 
•f  a  mile  wide,  and  extending  '|tlis  of  a 
mile  back  into  the  country.  Each  lot 
contains  about  250  acres  each ;  and  when 
fully  cultivated,  the  proprietor  may  ob- 
tain  a  fimilar  traiSt  back  of  the  firn,  and 
fo  on  in  progrcffion.  Each  lot  will  con^ 
tain  iao,ooo  cotton  trees,  averaging  ufu- 
ally  half  a  {  .^u.  ttee;  Such  a  planta- 
tion is  reckoi.  .  well  (locked  to  have  120 
negroes.  The  {hores  of  the  river*  and 
creek:  are  chiefly  planted  with  cufTee,  to 
the  diftance  of  aboRt  30  miles  from  the 
fea  ;  thence  30  miles  further  up,  tiie 
foil  becomes  clayey  and  more  fit  for  fugar 
canes.  Beyond  this,  the  Hacft  kinds  of 
wood,  for  building,  furniture,  &c.  arc  cut. 
The  following  is  an  account  of  all  the 
produce  flilppcd  from  the  colonies  of 
Demarara,  and  its  dependencies,  from 
Jan.  1, 1798,  to  Jan.  i,  1802,  taken  from 
the  Cuflom  Houl'e  books. 


Tear.    Viiaeh.  Sugiir.   Rum. 
I7^ii.  Hhils.  Puiichs, 

88.« 


Forcisju> 


Bntilh, 


1800. 

Britift, 

Foreign, 

>8oi. 

Britifli, 

I-°orei);n, 


"5 

77 


no; 


R8s 


3U1        6472      1714 


Cotton.       Cffji- 
Bales.        rounds. 

9        6:,J,327 


71 


3884 
1598 


105 


14,1/9 


6,146,325 
151.3K6 


ai2     5>82     50i      15,769     3.846,877 


300 
90 


8101 
2160 


J193 
l3o<i 


SjfO   10,361     34y<i 


SJ9  12,563 
Mb     i,;6l 


3+5  '4. '64 
Total,  1049  36,579 


1804. 
1760 

3.164 

9^77 


31.4^6 
'4 

30470 

3l,6i|0 

21.641 
83.759 


11,324,608 
308,528 

ii/>33<'36 

9.754.»98 

8,1!, 2  j6 

—  ■  — .  *    I 

lo,;;yft,374 
32,222,562 


34,<i43  flaves  were  imported  from  Jan. 
Z798,  to  Jan.  I,  1 80a. 

Lemi  ^man,  a  river,  fwamp  and  lake 
on  the  wellern  lide  of  Illinois  R.  in  the 
^I.  W.  territory.  The  river  runs  a  S  S  E 
courfe,  is  navigable  I20  miles,  and  has  the 
fwamp  of  its  name  on  the  northern  bank 
near  its  mouth ;  which  lafl  is  50  yards 
wide,  32  miles  above  Sagamond,  and  i6.f 
miles  above  the  Miffifippi.  The  lake  is 
of  a  circular  form,  2co  yards  W  of  the 
river,  is  6  miles  actofs,  and  empties  into 
the  Illinois  by  a  fmall  pafTage  4  feet  deep, 
171  miles  from  the  Miffifippi. 

DeHyt  R.  a  fmall  river  in  Wafliington 
CO.  Maine,  22  miles,  £  of  Machias.  Its 
fource  is  in  a  pond  about  6  or  S  miles 
Vti.  I.  8 


long,  and  about  %  miles  wide,  tailed  Mc 
dabcmps,  in  which  are  the  corners  of  4 
townfliips  or  plantations,  |>i'ngrctliag  ia 
fettlement,  viz.  No.  6,  7, 15, and  16  Af- 
ter running  a  S  cafterly  courfe  about  15 
or  10  miles,  it  joins  the  N  branch  of  Kob« 
beikook,  and  pafling  by  Eaflport  on  the 
N,  empties  into  the  Welt  paflage,  fo  called, 
bet.veen  Campo  Bello,  and  the  main. 
The  country  between  this  river  and  Ma- 
chias.iu  X794,\vasa  wildernefs.  The  banks 
of  the  river  were  at  this  time  thinly  fettled 
by  a  regulaf  and  well  difpofed  people. 

DcnyjfvlUe,  a  pofl:  town  of  Wafliington  co. 
Maine  27  miles  £  of  Macluas. 

Drnnit,  a  poft  town  in  Barnlbible  co. 
Maflachufctti,  incorporated  into  a  tovra- 
ihip  in  1793,  and  is  80  miles  i>  £  from 
Bolton,  and  8  from  Barnflable,  and  con- 
tains 1 4c  8  inhabitants.  In  this  town  are 
the  villages  of  NobfculTett,  of  J2  houfes, 
and  Suet  of  36  houfes. 

Di.Hnit  Crtel,  in  Cape  May  co.  N.  Jerfey  ; 
the  pofl  ofllce  here  is  219  miles  fromWalu- 
iugton. 

DtitttH,  the  chief  and  pofl  totvn  of  Car- 
oline CO.  in  Maryland,  on  the  £  fide  of 
Choptank  creek,  the  £  main  branch  uf 
Choptank  R.  It  is  laid  out  regularly,  and 
has  a  few  houfes,  and  lies  7  miles  S  of 
Greenfljorough,  and  37  S  S  E  of  Chefter. 

DeptforJi  a  town  in  Gloucefler  co.  N. 
Jerfey. 

Dtrby,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  cd.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  N  line  of  the  (late,  on  the  £ 
ihore  of  lake  Memphreniagug. 

Derby,  a  pofl  town  in  New  Haven  co. 
Conne<fUcut,  on  the  pomt  of  land  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  Naugntuck  and  Hou- 
fatonick  rivers.  I'his  town  was  fettled  iu 
1665,  under  New  Haven  jurifdidlion,  and 
is  now  divided  into  two  pariilies,  and  has 
an  academy.  It  has  a  confiderable  trade 
with  the  W,  Indies  for  fo  fmall  a  town, 
and  a  number  of  mills  on  the  f:dlsof  Nau^ 
gatuck,  and  flreuras  wliich  f.-ill  into  it, 
and  iron  and  other  works  on  Eight  mile  K. 
which  falls  into  the  Houf:;tonick,  which 
is  navigable  12  miles  to  this  town.  It  has 
1878  iuhabitants. 

Derby,  or  Darby,  Upper  and  Lower,  iu 
Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania,  containing, 
the  former  £62,  the  latter  980  inhabitants* 
7  miles  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Derry,  a  townfliip  in  Dauphin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, on  the  E  fide  of  Swetara  creek, 
a  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Suf- 
quehanna,  and  celebrated  for  its  curious 
cave.  See  D<.;uplin  Q»,  It  hat  1666  ia- 
h.^bitaats. 

Herrp 


\     V-) 


\4\ 


DET 


DET 


1''' 
It 


Deny,  t  towo  ia  Mifflin  CO.  Peonfylra- 
nia,  11^5  inhabitants.  There  is  another 
town  of  this  name  ia  Northumberland  co. 
which  has  1570  inhabitants. 

Derrjif-'d,  *  townilup  in  N.  Hampflitire, 
on  the  £  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  Hillflwr- 
ough  CO.  containing  557  inhabitautSj  and 
was  incorporated  in  1751.  It  is  a  good 
trad  of  land,  has  x  Prelbyterian  meeting 
houfes,  and  was  originally  fettled  by  a 
company  from  Ireland.  A  fair  is  annu<iily 
lieH  here.   It  b  42  miles  W  of  Portfrnouth. 

DerityUr,  a  poll  town  of  Chenango  00. 
N.  York,  S  tit  Cazenovia,  adjoUiing.  It 
has  .110  inhabitants. 

Dtfaqiuidtroy  a  river  in  Peru,  over  which 
the  Ynca  Huana  Capac  built  a  biid^e  of 
flags  and  ruflies,  to  tranfport  his  army  to 
the  other  fide,  and  which  remained  a  few 
years  iince. 

Defeada^  DtJlnuUt  or  DefiJerada,  the  firft 
of  ihe  Caribbee  iflands,  difcovered  by  Co- 
lumbus in  his  fectMid  voyage,  anno  1494, 
when  he  gave  it  that  name.  It  is  iituatcd 
E  of  Guadaloupe,  and  fubjecfl  to  the 
French ;  and  is  of  little  confequence  ex- 
cept  in  time  of  war,  when  it  is  tlie  refort 
of  a  nimiber  of  privateers.  It  is  10  miles 
long  and  5  broad,  and  looks  at  a  diftance 
like  a  galley,  with  a  low  point  at  the  N 
W  end.  The  Spaniards  make  this  in  their 
way  to  America,  as  well  as  Guadaloup^ 
N  iat.  16  40,  Wlon.  61  aa 

DefeaJa,  or  Cafe  Defire,  the  fouthcrn 
point  of  the  ilraiu  of  Magellan,  in  S.Amer- 
ica,  at  the  entrance  of  the  South  Sea.  S 
Iat.  53  4,  Ion.  74  18  W. 

Dffcrt  Ifland,  Moi.tit,  on  the  coaft  of  the 
diQridl  of  Maine,  MafTachufetts,  contains 
about  200  families,  divided  into  two  dit- 
ferent  fettlements,  about  15  miles  apart. 

Defefpoir,  Cape^oT  Defpau;  on  the  north- 
ern fide  of  Chaleur  bay,  If  about  3  leagues 
W  S  W  of  Bonaventurc  Ifland.  There  is 
a  large  cod  fifliery  here. 

D^ptiir,  a  bay  on  the  S  wcftern  fide  of 
Newfoundland  IHand,  adjoining  to  Fortune 
bay  on  the  N  cadward ;  which  fee. 

DeJIruSion  Ifland,  lies  ofFthc  coaft  of  New 
Albion,  in  bt.  47  3 7  N,  Ion.  144  1 1  W.  It 
is  about  a  league  in  circumference,  level, 
and  almolt  entirely  barren,  producing  a 
few  dwarf  trees  only,  although  the  coun- 
try to  the  fouthward  of  it,  exhibits  an 
appearance  of  the  greateft  fertility. 

VuHcouvtr, 

Detour,  in  U.  Canada,  the  entrance  into 
lake  Huron  from  Muddy  lake,  to  the  S 
and  W  of  St.  Jofepb's  i/land. 

Ditwr,  on  the  N  fliorc  of  lake  Huron, 


lici  a  little  to  the  T.  of  the  iflei  au  Serpent, 
DeHmr  Point,  is  ou  the  W  main,  iu  the 
ftrait  made  by  St.  Jol'eph's  ifland. 

Detour  dej  jftt^foji,  or  £opSi/l  Turn,  is  a 
circu^^r  dire«£tion  of  tlw  nvcr  Mi^fiAppi, 
To  very  con&derahlr,  that  vefl'cls  cannot 
pal's  it  with  the  fume  wind  that  condu^ilcd 
them  to  it,  aiul  mull  citiier  wi>it  fur  a  fa- 
vourable wind,  or  make  fall  to  the  bank, 
and  haul  clofe  ;  tiicre  being  fuificient 
d«pth  of  water  for  any  vefltl  that  can  en- 
ter the  river.  The  two  forts  and  bat- 
teries at  this  place  <m  both  fides  the  river, 
are  more  than  AiiGcient  to  ftop  the  prog- 
rrfs  of  any  veflel  whatever.  Dr.  Cox,  of 
N.  Jerfey,  afcendcd  tJie  Miffifippi  to  thi? 
place,  anno  i6<y8,  took  poflt-Hion  and  call- 
ed the  country  Carolina.  It  lies  18  miles 
below  New  Orleans,  and  87  above  the 
Bali7.e.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  fet- 
tled and  well  cultivated  from  this  to  Ncvr 
Orleans,  and  there  is  a  good  road  for  car- 
riages all  the  way.  JIuubint, 

D'Etroit,  a.  poA  and  principal  town  and 
the  bed  fortified,  in  tlie  country  N  W  of 
the  Oljio  river.  It  is  the  chief  town  of 
the  CO.  or  territory  of  Wayne,  and  is  fit- 
uatcdon  the  weflcrnbank  of  tjie  {Irait  St. 
Clair,  or  D'Etroit  R.  between  lake  Erie 
and  bike  St.  Clair  ;  18  milct  N  of  the  W 
end  of  the  former,  and  9  miles  below  the 
latter.  Fort  D'Etroit  is  of  an  oblong  fig- 
ure, built  with  Aockades,  and  advanta- 
geoufly  fituated,with  one  entire  fide  com- 
manding the  river.  It  is  near  a  mile  in 
circumference,  and  endofes  about  300 
houfes  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church;  built 
in  a  regular  manner,  with  parallel  llreets 
croflfmg  each  other  at  right  angles.  Its 
fituation  is  delightful,  and  in  the  centre 
of  a  plealant  and  fruitful  country.  For  8 
miles  below,  and  the  fame  diftance  above 
Fort  D'Etroit,  on  both  fides  of  the  river, 
the  country  is  divided  into  regular  and 
well  cultivated  plantations ;  and  from  t!ie 
contiguity  of  the  farmers'  houfcs  to  each 
other,  they  appear  as  two  long  extended 
villages.  The  inhabitants,  who  were  mod- 
ly  French,  were  about  woo  in  number  in 
1778,  500  of  whom  were  as  good  markf- 
men  as  the  Indians  themfclves,  and  as  well 
accnftomed  to  the  woods.  They  raife  large 
ftocks  of  black  cattle,  and  great  quantities 
of  corn,  which  they  grind  by  windmills 
and  maimfacSlure  into  excellent  flour.  The 
chief  trade  of  D'Etroit  confifts  in  a  barter 
of  coaife  European  goods  With  the  native* 
for  furs,  deer  Ikins,  tallow,  &c.  By  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  Aug.  3, 1795,  the  In- 
diana have  ceded  to  tlie  United  States  the 

poll 


port  nf  D'Et 
the  W  and  t 
title  has   be 
grants  10  th 
ments,  and  I 
nexed  to  Dl 
cd  between 
Clair  on  thi 
ctnirfe  when 
W  end  of  h 
The  fort,&, 
BritiHi  in  Jul 
It  lies   18  mil 
by  W  from  V 
W  Ion.  8»  56 
D'Etroit  M 
from  lake  St. 
of  lake  Erie,  f 
between  the  I 
In  afccuding  i 
.1  niilen  wide,b 
(o  that  opp<)| 
lake  Erie,  It  d( 
width;  from 
widens  to  mot 
nel  of  the  ftrait 
enough  for  flii 
though  it  is  inc( 
one  of  which  is 
Thefe  iflands  a 
their  fituation 
pearance.    Th 
miles ;  and  feve 
ly  from  the  N ' 
riere,  D'Etroit, 
are  feveral  win 
an  orchard  adi 
The   fettlers 
provements    . 
When  the  fru 
profpeA  as  yoi 
perhaps  as  deli 
D'Etroit,  le  I 
Canada,  is  belo 
the  Ottawa  R. 
Devift  Moul 
to  a  frightful  v 
g«ay,in  NewS 
13  to.WIon.  6 
Devil'i  No/l;  i 
of  lake  Ontario 
and  a3  N  W  of 
Dniil't  IJland, 
hay.isinSomer 
Filhingbay  aid 
Dfwaert,  an  i 
at  fome  diftanc 
S.  America.    T 
firft  difcoverer. 
Dewie,  an  ill: 


DEW 


OIS 


pflft  rtf  D'Etroif,  and  all  the  land  totlie  N, 
the  W  and  tlie  S  ot  it,  of  wliicli  the  Indian 
title  has  been  cxtingiiidied  by  gift%  or 
grant*  lo  the  Ircnch  or  Englilh  jjirvcm- 
menta,  and  fo  inuch  nifire  land  is  to  be  an- 
nexed to  Dlitri'it  as  rtjaW  l«e  comprehend- 
ed between  Rofine  R.  on  the  S  ;  lake  St. 
Clair  on  the  N ;  and  si  hue,  the  general 
ctnirfe  whereof  iTiall  be  6  mile*  from  the 
W  end  of  lake  Erie  and  D'Etroit.  river. 
The  fort,  &c.  was  delivered  tip  by  the 
Britifli  in  July,  1796,  according  to  treaty. 
It  lies  18  miles  N  of  lake  Eric,  7*4  N  W 
by  W  from  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  41  40, 
W  ion.  82  56. 

D'Etrolt  Rivet;  or  Strait  of  St.  Clair,  ifluti 
from  lake  St.  Clair  and  enters  tlic  W  end 
of  lake  Erie,  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  United  States  and  U.  Canada. 
In  afccnding  it,  it»  entrance  is  more  tlan 
J  milen  wide,but  it  perceptibly  diniioiihes; 
fo  that  oppofite  the  fort,  18  miles  from 
lake  Erie,  it  does  not  exceed  half  a  mile  in 
width ;  from  thence  to  lake  St.  Clair  it 
widens  to  more  than  a  mile.  The  chan- 
nel oftheftrait  is  Eentic,  and  wide  and  deep 
enough  for  fhipping  of  great  burden,  al- 
though it  is  incommoded  by  feveral  iflands, 
one  of  whichis  more  than  7  miles  in  length. 
Thefe  iflands  are  of  a  fertile  foil,  and  from 
their  fituation  afford  a  very  agreeable  ap- 
pearance. The  length  of  the  river  is  a8 
miles ;  and  feveral  ftreams  fall  into  it  chief- 
ly from  the  N  W,  viz.  Bauche,  Clora,  Cur- 
riere,  D'Etroit,  and  Huron  rivers.  There 
are  feveral  windmills  on  the  D'Etroit,  and 
an  orchard  adjoining  almofl  every  houfe. 
I'he  fettlers  are  numerous,  and  the  im- 
provements handfome  and  extenfive. 
When  the  fruit  trees  are  in  bloffom,  the 
profpedt  as  you  pafs  through  the  (Irait  is 
perhaps  as  delightful  as  any  in  the  world. 

D'Etroit,  h  P(tii,  on  the  Ottawa  R.  U. 
Canada,  is  below  the  upper  main  forks  of 
the  Ottawa  R. 

Devil's  Mouth,  a  name  given  by  failors 
to  a  frightful  volcano,  near  I^eon  Nicara- 
guay,  in  New  Spain,  near  the  lake.  N  lat. 
13  10,  W  Ion.  65  10. 

Devil's  No/l;  a  promontory  on  the  S  fide 
of  lake  Ontario,  16  miles  E  of  Fifliing  bay, 
and  »3  N  W  of  the  mouth  of  Genenee  R. 

Dmil's  IJtand,  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak 
bay,  is  in  Somerfet  co.  Maryland,  between 
Firfiingbay  aid  Naokin  river. 

Deivaert,  an  incnnfiderable  ifland  lying 
at  fome  diftance  E  of  Terra  Magellanica, 
!^.  America.  It  had  its  name  from  the 
firft  difcoverer. 

Dcwce,  an  ifland  is  S,  Carolinai  vrbich 


f9rm»  oncof  the  threcharbounof  Charlc(^ 
ton  city. 

Diablc,IJIftau,'m  the  river  St.  Lawrcuce, 
in  U.  Canada,  lies  betweei%the  Ifleau  I^ong 
Sault,  and  the  townfiupof  Ofnabruck. 

Dramoiid,»t  Ronnd IJiaitd,  one  of  the  Greo- 
adillcs,  in  the  W.  Indies.     See  Ifhotfi/e  i/r. 

Dicttnfon  College.  See  Carl'Jfe,  in  Pcnnfyl- 
▼ania. 

Dici'j  R.  in  Kentucky,  is  a  branch  of 
Kentucky  B^  which  it  joins  in  a  N  W  di- 
rciirtion.  It  is  about  50  milci  long,  and 
45  yardi  wide  at  the  raouth,  and  has  a 
number  of  excellent  mill  feats,  and  runt 
through  a  body  of  fir  (I  rate  land. 

Diekviajftt,  or  Digdngvap^  a  river,  in  the 
Britifh  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  which 
empties  into  Pafiamaquoddy  bay. 

Diip  Trtvn,  or  Dee/>  ToTvn,  a  town  on, 
the  N.  weftem  fide  of  the  tlland  of  St. 
Chriftopher's  in  the  W.  Indies,  on  a  baj 
of  the  fame  name. 

Digiy,  fituatedoQthcS  E  fide  of  Annapo- 
lis bay,  18  miles  S  W  of  Annapolis,  and 
53  N  by  E  of  Yarmouth,  is  one  of  the  mod 
confiderable  of  the  new  fettlemeuts  in 
Nova  Scotia. 

Digget  Cafe,  on  the  S  fide  of  Hudfoa 
ftraits,  N  lat.  6%  41,  W  Ion.  78  50. 

DightoH,  a  port  town  in  Briftol  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  7  miles  from  Taunton,  and  20 
from  Warren,  in  Rhode  Ifland.  There 
are  in  the  towiifliip,  1666  inhabitants. 

Dinviddie,  a  CO.  i  .  Virginia,  S  of  Appa- 
mattox  R.  which  divides  it  from  Chefter- 
iield.  It  is  about  .lo  miles  long,  and  20 
broad,  and  its  chief  town  is  Peterfburg. 
I'he  CO,  contains  4987  free  inhabitants, 
and  6866  (laves. 

Difiippointment,  a  bay  On  the  N  W  coaft 
of  N.America.     Nlat.52  ij,  Wlon,  129. 

Bifmal,  a  fwamp  in  the  townfhip  of 
Milton, . Lincoln  CO.  Maine. 

Difmiil  Stvamp,  called  the  Great  Difmal^ 
to  diflinfiiiiih  it  from  another  fwamp  call- 
ed Difnial,  in  Currituck  co.  is  a  very  large 
bog  extending  from  N  to  S  near  30  miles, 
and  from  £  to  W  at  a  medium  about  10 
miles  ;  partly  in  Virginia,  and  partly  in 
N.  Carolina.  No  lefs  than  5  navigable 
rivers,  befide  creeks,  rife  from*  it ;  twa 
run  into  Virginia,  viz.  the,S  branch  of 
Elizabeth,  and  the  S  branch  of  Nanfc- 
mondrivcr,and  3  into  N.  Caroliua,namely, 
N.  R.  N,  W.  R,  and  Perquimons.  All  thel'e 
hide  their  heads,  properly  I'peaking,  in 
the  Difroal,  there  being  no  figns  of  them 
above  ground.  For  this,  reafon  there 
mud  be  plentiful  fubtcrraneous  fioreg 
of  water  to  feed  fo  many  rivers,  or  elfe 

the 


V  ■ 


;ih 


I  ill? 


DIS 


DOG 


ihe  foil  it  frt  replete  with  tM«  clement, 
drained  from  the  high  lands  that  fiirroiind 
it,  that  it   can   abundantly  afford  tiicfc 
fiippU«3.    This  is  moft  probable,  as  tl)e 
ground  of  the  fwamp  is  a  mere  quagmire, 
trembling  under  the  feet  cf  thofe  that 
walk  upim  it,  and  every  impreflion  is  in- 
ftantty  tilled  with  water.    The   flcirts  of 
he  iwamp,  towards  the  E  are  overgrown 
with  reeds,  loor  la  feot  high,  intcrlperf- 
ed  every  where  with  (Iroag  bamboo  briers. 
Among  thcfcgrowhere  and  there  acyprefs 
or  white  ced  tr,  which  laft  is  commonly 
miftakcn  for  the  juniper     Towards  the  S 
end  of  it  is  a  large  tradt  of  reeds,  which 
being  condantly  green,  and  waving  in  the 
\vind,  is  called  the  green  fea.     In  many 
parts,  efpecially  on  the  borders,  grows  an 
evergreen  flimb,  very  plentifully,  called 
the  g.ll  bufli.     It  beaf*  a  berry  which 
dies  a  black  colour  like  the  gall  of  an  oak, 
whence  it  has  its  name.     Near  the  middle 
of  the  Difmal  the  treeu  grow  much  thick> 
f r,  both  cyprcfs  and  cedar.    Thefe  being 
alvrays  green,  and  loaded  with  very  large 
tops,  are  much  ezpofed  to  the  wind  and 
eafdv  blown  down,  the  boggy  ground  af- 
fordmg  but  a  fleuder  hold  to  the  roots. 
Neither  bcaft,  bird,  infedl  pr  reptile,  ap» 
proach  the  heart  of  this  horrible  defert ; 
perhaps  deterred  by  the  everlafting  fliadc, 
pccafioncd  by  the  thick  Hirubs  and  bufh- 
es,  which  the  fun  can  never  penetrate,  to 
warm  the  earth  :  nor  indeed  do  any  birds 
care  to  fly  Qver  it,  any  more  than  they  ar^ 
faid  to  UQ  over  the  lake  Avernns,  for 
fear  of  the  noifome  exhalations  that  rife 
from  this  vaft  body  of  filth  and  naAinefs. 
Thefe  noxious  vapours   infedl  the    aif 
round  about,  giving  agues  and  other  dif- 
tcmpeis  to  the  neighbouring  inhabitants. 
On  the  weftern  border  of  the  Difmal  is  a 
pine  fwamp,   above  a  mile  in   breadth, 
great  part  of  which  is  covered  with  water 
knee  deep  ;  the  bottom,  ho^-cver,  is  firm, 
^nd  the.pines  grow  very  tall,  and  3^''  not 
«*afily  blo'N  n  down  by  the  wind,    M'ith  all 
thefe  difadvaiitagcs,  the  Difmsl  is,  in  ma- 
ny places,  pleafing  to  the  eye,  though  dif: 
agreeable  to  the  other  fcnfes  This  dread- 
ful f  vSmp  WIS  judged  impalTablc,  till  the 
line,  dividing  Virginia  from  N.  Carolina, 
•vvas  carried  through  it,  in  N  lat.  36  28,  in 
the  year   1718,  by  order  of  king  George 
II.     Although  it  happened  then  to  be  a 
very  drv  feilon,  the  men  who  were  em- 
ployed in  pufliing  the  line  were  not  alto- 
aether  free  fron\  apprehenfions   of  being 
uarved ;  it  being  10  whole  days  before 
t^^  work  was  accomglifhed,  though  they 


prAreeded  with  all  poITible  ditigrnce  sn4 
rcfolution,  and  bcfidc  had  no  difaftcr  t« 
retard  them.    This  fwamp  is  cheifly  own- 
ed by  two  companies.   The  Virginia  com- 
pany, of  which  Gen.  Wasuinoton  was 
one,  owns  ioo,oco  acres  :  the  N.  Carolina 
company  owns  40,000    acrci.     In  the 
midll  of  the  fwamp  i>  *  l«ke,  about  7 
miles   long,    called   Drummond's    pond, 
whofe  waters  difchargc  themfelves  to  the 
S  into  Pafquotank  river,  which  emptie« 
into  Albemarle  found}  on  the  N  into 
Elizabeth  and  Nanfcmond  rivers,  which 
fall  .into  James  R.    A  navigable  canal  is 
now  digging  to  conneiH:  the   navigable 
waters  of  the  Pafquotank  and  Elizabeth 
rivers.     The  diftance  about   14    miles. 
This  canal   will  pafs  about  a  mile  £  of 
Drummond's  pond,  and  will  receive  water 
f'om  it.    The  canal  company  are  incorpo- 
rated by  the  corcurring  laws'of  Virginia 
and  N.  Carolina.   This  canal,  when  6n\i}\- 
ed,  will  open  an  inland  navigation  from 
the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay,  including  all 
the  ri\xr8  in  Virginia,  to  Georgetown  in 
S.  Carolina  ;  and  when  the   fhort  canal 
I  from  Elk  river  to  Chriftiana  cieek  is 
opened,  the  communication  will  extend 
tp  Philatlelphia  and  the  other  ports  con- 
neftcd  with  Delavyare  river.    Such  an  ex- 
tenfive   inland  communication  mufl  be 
beneficial  in  time  of  peace,  and  in  time 
of  war  will  be  eflentially  Terviceable. 

Dixon  t  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coad  of  N. 
America,  is  the  paflage  into  the  found  be- 
tween the  main  land  uid  Wafliington's  or 
Qu^n  Charlotte's  iflands,  from  the  N  W. 
This  fecms  to  be  what  is  called  in  Ameri- 
ca BarreWs  Sound  ;  which  fec. 

Dixfdii,  A  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  bank  of  Androfcoggin  R. 
having  Jay  on  thp  E,  and  Wilton  N,  about 
70  miles  N  of  Portland. 

Dixhllh,  apoft  town,Sufirolk  co.  N.  York, 
190  miles  N  E  of  Wafhington. 

Dixon's  Sprin^f,  in  Smith  CO.  Teneflee. 
Here  is  a  port  office,  691  milei  W  by  S 
from  Wafliington. 

Dohb't  Ferry,  on  Hudfon  R.  it  a6  miles 
above  N.  York  city. 

Dogs  IJlanii,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
iflands,  V/  of  Virgin  Gorda,and  E  of  Tor- 
tula.    N  lat.  18  ao,  W  Ion.  6a  55. 

Z>«^  Ribbed  Indians,  inhabit  round  lake 
Ediande,  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  America. 
They  are  often  at  war  with  the  Athapul~ 
cow  Indians.  Both  thefe  tribes  are  among 
the  moft  fayage  of  the  human  race.  They 
trade  with  the  Hudfon  bay  company's 
fettlements.    Ediande  lake  lies  N  of  the 

Athapufcew 


Athapiifco' 

ariilic  circl 

Dtminga, 

«cean,at  tl 

ico.lftthel: 

•xcept  tiic 

cradle  of  \ 

world.    C! 

it  the   6th 

called  it  } 

tdinout  lar 

called  Qiiifq 

mother  of 

the  name  ol 

fuliofhubit 

called  it  Hi, 

name  the  s' 

Domingo  is 

other  natio 

the  capital 

was  thus  n 

of  his  fat  he 

twcen  17  5 

71  and  77 

leagues  E  N 

4nd  to  N  V 

Dot  inelttdii 

that  furroui 

to  W.andfi 

S,    When  t 

illand,  then 

ion  of  hapi 

mew  de  las 

miUions.    S 

ties  of  the  S 

mous  heigh 

fion  of  the 

reduced  to  ( 

years  I  It  fo 

enied  by  ia\ 

names  of  tl 

MLaritn,  Hig 

The  Spaniat 

of  the  iiland 

the   year    % 

French,  and 

forced  then 

after  repeat 

were  forced 

French.    Tl 

vivors  of  tl 

niers,  or  hs 

afcendency  i 

i640,formei 

born  under 

all  the  powi 

colony,  undt 

government, 

phers,  and  ai 

ppanifh  part 


DOM 


©OM 


iltlupvifcow  fea,  or  lake,  and  near  iiif 
aritlic  circle. 

D»miiig9,St.  an  illand  in  th^  Atlantic 
«eean,  at  t\\e  entrance  of  the  giilf  ot  Mex- 
ico, i»  the  brged  of  the  four  ^reat  Antilles, 
■xcept  tite  ifland  of  Cuba,iiii4  proved  the 
cradle  of  European  power  in  the  new 
world.  Chriftopher  Columbus  landed  on 
it  the  6th  of  Dec.  i4;z.  The  natives 
called  it  Hayli,  fignifyin^  high  or  moun- 
Uinout  land  Charlevoix  Taya  it  wa% 
called  Qit/jutytt,  that  is,  great  country,  pf 
mother  of  cotintrie*.  Others  f.iy  it  had 
the  name  of  Bobio,  which  means,  a  country 
full  of  habitations  and  villages.  Columbu* 
called  it  Hifpanhla,  or  Little  Spain,  which 
name  the  Spaniards  Hill  retain,  though  St. 
Domingo  is  the  name  commonly  uted  by 
other  nations ;  fo  called  from  St.  Ham  iiaa, 
the  capital  of  the  Spanifli  part ;  which 
was  thus  named  by  Columbus  in  hnnor 
of  his  father.  St.  Domingo  is  fttup.tcd  be- 
tween 1 7  55  and  lo  N  lat.  and  between 
11  and  77  W  Ion  from  Paris.  It  lies  45 
leagues  E  N  £  of  Jamaica,  2a  S  E  of  Cuba, 
4nd  ao  N  W  by  W  of  Porto  Rico ;  and  is, 
Qot  including  the  fmall  dependent  illanc!^ 
that  furround  it,  1 60  lca2;iies  long  from  E 
to  W,and  from  60  to  70  broad  fronj  N  to 
S.  When  the  Spaniards  difcovered  the 
ifland,  there  were  on  it  at  leafl  a  mill- 
ion of  happy  inhabitants,  and  Bartholo- 
mew de  las  Cafas  fay«  there  were  three 
iniilinns.  Such,  however,  were  the  cruel- 
ties of  the  Spaniards,  and  to  fuch  an  infa- 
mous height  did  thev  carry  their  oppref- 
iion  of  the  poor  natives,  that  they  were 
reduced  to  60,000  in  the  fliort  Ipace  of  15 
years !  It  formed  five  kingdoms,  each  gov- 
erned by  fovereigns  called  caciques.  The 
names  of  thefe  kingdoms  were  Moqua, 
Afarien,  Higiiay,  Maguana,  and  Xaraguny. 
The  Spaniards  had  pofleilion  of  the  whole 
of  the  ifland  for  1 20  years.  At  lad,  about 
the  year  1630,  a  handful  of  Englilh, 
French,  and  other  Europeans,  came  and 
forced  them  to  fight  in  its  defence,  and 
after  repeated  wars  for  50  years,  they 
were  forced  to  divide  the  ifland  with  the 
French.  Thefe  latter,  being  the  only  fur- 
vivors  of  tlic  llrft  freebooters  or  bucca- 
niers,  or  having  infenfibly  acquired  an 
afcendency  among  them,  had,  fo  early  as 
1640,  formed  this  aflcmbly  of  individuals, 
born  under  the  domination  of  almod 
all  the  powers  of  Europe,  into  a  French 
colony,  under  the  diredtion  of  the  general 
government,  firll  eflabliflied  at  St.  Chrino- 

fhers,  and  afterwards  at  Martinico.    The 
papifh  part  is  by  far  the  mofl  extenfive 


and  the  woft  fertile ;  th.it  of  the  Frencli 
the  bed  cultivated.  The  whulo  ilUnd 
now  belonjM  to  the  French  republic.  lli» 
Sp:inlards  li  ivin,^  cedrd  their  pirt  ot  it  to 
that  power  in  tue  tre.ity  of  i;9.«.  'Hi* 
Sp  .niards,  however  ungrateful  to  the  di'.- 
covercr  of  the  new  world  during  his  lite, 
would  not  Icive  his  duft  out  of  their  ter- 
ritories. The  remains  of  C()lunib\is,  who 
died  the  loth  of  May,  I5c6,  v  eta  tir.1  do- 
pofitcd  in  Seville,  alterwnrdu  rcni<A"«.d  to 
the  cathedral  in  the  city  or  ^t.  Dcming<», 
and  lalUy  conveyed  to  tlie  llav,,iina!i  in  a 
74  gun  Ihip ;  and  on  the  i';tl>  of  J-muaty, 
1796,  all  that  w:is  mortal  of  that  great 
man,  was  committed  to  the  earth  the  third 
time,  with  great  parade  and  ceremony. 
The  French  audSpanifli  territories,  which 
are  now  united  under  one  head,  are  both 
alike  in  pofl'cfling  the  various  prod»«flione 
common  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  E^opcnn 
cattle  arc  lb  multiplied  here,  that  they  ruit 
wild  in  the  woods ;  few  of  thefe  are  in 
the  Frcuch  part,  in  compariibn  with  the 
.Spanilli.  The  two  j^reat  chains  of  moun- 
tains, >vhich  extend  from  )•-  to  W,  and 
their  numennis  I'pura,  give  tlie  illand  an 
afpecfl,  at  a  diflance,  not  I'o  favourable  ps 
if  '.lefervos.  They  are,  however,  tlie  caufc 
of  the  fertility  of  the  ifland.  Tlicy  give 
Iburce  to  innurnerable  rivers,  repel  the 
violence  of  tl;e  winds,  vary  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  air,  and  multiply  the  rerourccs 
of  human  induftry.  They  abound  witl» 
exrellent  timber,  and  mines  of  iron,  lead, 
copper,  fdvor,  gold,  feme  precious  Hones, 
and  even  mercu*^.  Here  are  the  moun- 
tains of  Cibaa,  Sc.'/f,  and  Hotff,  reckoned 
rooo  fathoms  above  the  level  of  tie  fe.-u 
In  the  bowels  of  the  firft,  the  cruel  Span- 
iards condemned  thoiifnndi,  of  the  natives 
to  facrifice  their  lives,  in  learch  of  gold. 
The  mines  are  not  now  worked.  In  the 
plains,  ia  the  Spaniflj  part,  the  heat  is 
nearly  uniform,  but  varies  in  proportioa 
to  their  diflance  from  the  mountains.  Ia 
the  plains,  the  thermometer  is  fometimcj 
at  99.  In  the  mountains  it  rarely  rifea 
above  77.  There  tlio  night?  are  ccol 
enough  to  render  a  blanket  not  unwel- 
come ;  and  there  arc  mountains  where 
even  a  fire  is  a  very  agreeable  companion 
ip  fome  evenings.  '1  Tic  contraft  of  vio- 
lent heats  and  heavy  r.iins  renders  St. 
Domingo  humid ;  hence  the  tarnillied  ap- 
pearance of  almofl  all  mct.^ls,  however 
brilliant  the  polilli  they  may  originally 
have  had.  This  is  particularly  obfcrvable 
on  the  fea  fliore,  which  is  more  unhealthy 
than  the  interior  parts  of  the  ifland.    The 

fouther* 


DOM 

Pm^tfm  pnrt  ©f  the  ffand  »•  ful»)ecl  lo 
hrtrrirnHO%  railcil  lute  Citutlx-rn  j;:ile»s 
l*i:,<iil'/'  tlitfv  arff  i>ot  attended  with  fut.-li 
•fe-viidt'ul  C(in<"e<jircncef  at  th?  luiiricaric* 
m  the  windward  i(LtnJ».  Tl>e  Simmnt 
pirt  i»  computed  to  contain  ;ibiiut  9<7 
frugufs  in  its  grcatcfl  tcngtK  frmn  E  ti> 
Vr,  60  league*  in  it*  grpHtvd  lirendtli  ; 
ftuving  a  furfare  of  Ahoot  ^zco  fqiiare 
Ica;:;uc3.  About  400  fqunre  lcayu«'»ot"  thi» 
Ciuface  i«  in  miniiit;rin.s  witicli  are  grner« 
i»Uy  more lapaHe of  cuhivattim  than thofe 
fn  the  I'rcnch  part,  and  havi?  linnctinieft  a 
fi'lt  tliat  dil'piitcs  tlic  preferenre  with  tliat 
r>f  th«  vallie*.  Tliere  reireiiiw,  therefore, 
,1  fine  fertile  ftirfacc  of  more  th;in  1700 
tquHt'c  league*,  divided  into  vallti'»  and 
plains  of  VHriottn  lengths  and  broadthi*. 
Many  circumft.inceD  confpired  to  render 
thi»  iiiar  J  a  place  of  iiniiortance  to  tlie 
9pania^iU.  It  was  a  key  to  the  Ridf  of 
Mexico,  a  convcniewt  plare  for  their  flii^i- 
pliig  to  touch  at,  an  excellent  rciulexYtJUS 
for  their  Ajiiadrons  and  fleets,  nnd  an  im- 
portant hold  for  naval  operation*  of  all 
forts;  hut  from  the  imiwlitie  mealnrei  of 
tFie  government,  and  th'.-  refttaint*  on 
commerce,  it  proved  rather  a  but  den  than 
an  advantage  to  the  motlier  country. 
The  cantons  or  jurifdiiSlion*,  beginning  at 
the  wcflernmoft  point  of  the  Spanifh 
frontiers,  on  the  fouthern  coaft  or  nar- 
rows, are,  Bahann,  (pofleifcd  by  the  Iwig- 
anda  or  fugitive  Spaniili  and  FrciicU  ne>- 
jrocs,  who  tnliabit  the  monntain  of  Baho- 
ruco)  Nryh,  ytzii'7,  Bam  or  A''ani,  the  city 
of  St.  Domiiijro,  and  terHtory  dependent 
theeeonfSt.Lauri-ni  dej  MmetyStimanUfC'jtuy, 
la  Vega,  St,  Ta^^o,  DaxaioH,  S(.  Raphael., 
Hinche,  Banijue,  and  St.  'John  of  Maguana. 
Over  the  whole  of  the  Spanifli  part  of  the 
itiand,  mountain!!  and  plains,  were  fpread, 
according  to  St.  Mery,  125,000  inhabit- 
aiKs  ;  of  whom  110,000  were  free,  and 
l5/)00  flaves ;  not  40  individuals  to  one 
fquare  league.  The  Spauifli  Creoles  are 
infeniible  of  all  the  treafures  which  fur- 
round  them,  and  pafs  their  lives  without 
wishing  to  change  their  lot  ;  while  the 
French  portion,  when  they  poffeffed  it, 
fumifhed  three  fifths  of  the  produce  of  all 
the  French  W.  India  colonies  put  together; 
or  more  than  10  millions  fterling.  The 
drcfn  and  mode  of  living  of  the  Spanifh 
Creoles  indicate  pride,  lazinefs,  and  pover- 
ty. A  capital,  which  of  itfelf  indicates 
decay,  little  inflgnificant  towns  here  and 
there,  a  few  colonial  fettlements,  for  which 
the  name  of  manufa<ftorics  would  be  too 
Teat  an  honor,  immenfc  pofieffions  called 


DOM 

T^itUt,  wfierw  I»ra(U  aihl  cattfe  are  rair«4 
with  little  care,  in  different  jj'adr*  of  d«v 
mcfticatioa ;  as  the  domuflio,  the  gentle, 
and  tlte  (by.  Thof«  called  wild  or  cnouii- 
tainevr*,  a*  alfo  the  ftiy,  coft  the  herdi'uim, 
called  pioneer*  and  laucers,  immenle  ).>. 
hour  uiul  d.tnger  in  the  chafe.  The  hatti'i 
are  tfie  uolt  numeruu»  fort  of  SfMnilh 
fettlements  and  of  an  evtent  far  dil'pro- 
portrowed  to  their  utility.  The  f'lpply  i»f 
hcfraed  cattle  to  the  Fiench  p;irt  uf  the 
ilUnd  was  eftinviied,  by  St.  Mery,  at  Ids 
tlt:uk  ij,ocohead  annuatlr ;  of  whiuh  the 
J'fiwniards  famished  four  fifths.  Tliefe  at 
30  dolts,  a  head,  and  bringingthem  by  the 
•Sponiards,  amounted  to  450,000  dellara> 
Tlti*  f/)nncd  rhrte  quarters  of  tl»e  prod- 
uce ol'  the  colony ;  and  the  inipoft  paid 
to  government  wa»  10  per  cent.  The 
nnmlier  uf  -'00,ooc  head  of  rattle  wm  the 
number  in  the  general  cenfus  taken  by 
order  of  the  prefidcnt  in  1780,  and  the 
rattle  exempted  from  the  tribute,  amount- 
<'d  if>  850,000 ;  without  comprehending 
horfes,  mules  and  aiTcs,  which,  with  an 
augmentation  citimated  ftnce  1780,  made 
a  ftock  of  300/xo  head,  and  ao  annnal 
produdinn  of  6o,COO ;  and  fuppolc  a  fifth 
part  of  the  young  ones  perifli  acrid*nt- 
aJIy,  there  ftill  remains  48,000.  'I'lie  r^ 
fources  of  the  colonics  were  very  confin- 
ed, and  their  few  uftablilhments  bt-htw 
mediocrity.  There  were  but  %%  fngar 
inannfadlorics  of  any  confequence ;  the 
reft  being  not  worth  naming ;  and  even 
thefe  42  bad  altogether  hut  about  6oo 
negroes.  Of  thefe,  6  prtiduced  fyrop,  and 
fomc  fugar ;  but  the  others,  called  trapha- 
cies,  where  animals  were  employed  to 
turn  the  mills  and  prefs  the  canes,  with- 
out fhelter,  in  the  open  air,  made  nothing 
but  fyrop.  The  whole  of  which  produce 
was  generally  ufed  in  the  colony ;  fmall 
quantities  were  fometimes  fent  to  Porto 
Rico,  or  to  Old  Spain  ;  and  the  goodnefs 
of  the  fugar  proved  that  of  the  foil,  but 
nothing  in  favour  of  the  manufadtnrer. 
The  coffee  raifcd  here  is  excellent ;  each 
tree  in  a  ftate  of  bearing  will  produce  on 
an  average  a  pound  weight,  and  is  fome- 
times of  a  quality  equal  to  that  of  Mocha^ 
yet  chocolate  is  preferred  to  it.  Cotton 
grovrs  naturally  at  St.  Domingo,  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality,  even  without  care,  in  ftony 
land,  and  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks. 
The  numerous  roots  of  indigo  are  only 
obftacles  to  the  feeble  cultivation  of  the 
fields,  where  it  grows  fpontaneoufly.  All 
thefe  valuable  produi^ions  have  fhared 
the  fate  of  depopulation.    Tobacco,  fays 

Valverde, 


Valwrie, 

any  wther  | 

ry  where, 

Cnba  or  t 

r Deemed  ai 

turesof  Se 

it  in  frgar 

nut  of  St. 

than  that  1 

and  Caraca 

and  eiprrii 

made  of  th< 

rate  flavor  1 

Caraca  alor 

have  fharcd 

tioiH.      Tb( 

part  is  com; 

and  (laves. 

refcmUling 

ftraij^ht  and 

dcVcindants 

are,  kowevi 

from  a  mixi 

Spaniards. 

Indian;  at  B 

fccrit  from  t' 

cacique  Hen 

thorityaffim 

terminated. 

number,  if  c 

conliderable. 

of  flaves.    1 

chided  from 

a«  well  as  mi 

nf  the  flcin  h 

fitical  confli 

of  no  diRiniS 

of  a  white  in 

perfon.     Ind 

Spanifh  eolo 

this  an    '.*>i 

more  t'-  '.'■*•.- 

frequency  U; 

would  others 

brancp'.     Pe 

to  i  5(.!  priedh 

tf  i";  Spaniards 

felves  to  mal 

like  the  Port 

with  extremt 

fed  as  well  as 

principle  ant( 

their  emancij 

himfelf  at  a  p 

fate  of  the  (la 

freedom,  and 

by  the  habit  o 

fort,  with  tho 

in  (lavery.    1 

much  nejIedU 


DOM 


DOM 


V&twTile,  hzt  here  a  larj;er  kaf  tlian  in 
anj  Mker  part  of  Anurira;  it  ]<niwi4:w- 
ry  wbcrr,  «im1  «r<iuaU  fametimrs  lliat  <if 
Cnba  or  thv  fiavannah.     It  is  oft  rntich 
rOeemrd  a»  tl>U  latter,  ia  the  manufac- 
tures <.if  .Si-villc,  and  is  even  prd^erable  to 
it  in  ffg*r«.    Tlic  kernel  of  the  cocoa 
mit  o!  St.  Domingo  is  more  acidulated 
than  tlut  of  the  <Hicoa  rait  of  Venrzuela 
and  CaracA,  tn  which  it   is  not  infer inr  ; 
and  fipfrienrc  j>njve»,  that  the  chocolate 
Made  of  the  twu  cocuas,  has  a  more  dt-li- 
cxre  flcvor  than  that  maiW  of  the  eucoa  of 
Caraca  alone.    A<hiote,ginj{er,aiii'.  ca<Ha 
have  fharid  the  fate  of  thetrfhcr  produc- 
tiun*.     The    lopulation  of  the     panitit 
part  ii  compelled  of  whites,  '^«ed  people, 
and  flaves.    There  are  alfc  a  few  Creoles 
refcmWing    the    lnf''*ns,     a;  ving    luiig, 
ftraij'ht  and  bhck  hair,  who  prrteinl  fo  be 
<Ii'l'ci.ndant6  0f  tiicancicni  i.idvcs.    "<    ?j 
are,  however,  thouglu  to  be  defct    ':J 
from  a  mixture  of  the  aborigine-   .,*   me 
Spaniards.    There  were,  in  i74ij,  leveral 
Indians  at  Banique,  whc   yoved  their  tl-- 
fccrvt  from  tht;  l'ub}e<5l»  i  i  t.-i  unturtiuiHte 
caciqiie  Henri;    althoi  ^b   L'lloric.d  au- 
thority affirms  that  the  wlwle  race  wxs  c»- 
term'mated.    The  freed  people  r.ve  few  in 
immber,  if  compared  with  the  whites,  but 
conitderable  in  proportion  to  the  number 
of  (lares.    The  jieople  of  colour  are  «\- 
chtded  from  almoft  all  e-nplojinents,  civil 
an  welt  as  ntilitary,  as  long  as  the  colour 
of  the  rtcin  betrays  its  origin ;  but  the  jjo- 
iitical  eonftitution  of  the  country  admit:; 
of  no  diflinSion  between  the  civil  ri^!4:s 
of  a  white  inhabitant  and  thole  of  a  tree 
perfon.     Indeed  the  major  part  cf  the 
Spaailh  colonifts  are  of  a  lulled  race ; 
this  an    •.*>iran  feature,  and  fometimes 
more  tV  •'■  f   i,  is  often  betrayed ;  but  its 
frequency  Uas  Clenced  »  prejudice  that 
would  otherwife  be  a  troublcfunK  remem- 
brance'".    People  of  colour  are  admitted 
to  fli.;  priedhood  without  difficulty  ;  but 
th"?  Spaniard:)  have  not  yet  brought  them- 
felves  to  make  negro  priells  and  billiopt 
like  the  Portuguele.    Slaves  are  treated 
with  extreme  mildncfs,  and  arc  ufually 
fed  as  well  as  their  mailers.    A  rtligi<ni8 
principle  and  an  illicit  affection  tend  to 
their  emancipation.    A  flave  can  redeem 
himfelf  at  a  price  fired  by  law.    Thus  the 
fate  of  the  flave  is  foftened  by  the  hope  of 
freedom,  and  the  authority  of  the  mailer 
by  the  habit  of  being  confounded,  in  fome 
fort,  with  thofe  who  were  the  other  day 
in  flavery.    The  laws  againft  flaves  are 
much  iiej;ledcd ;  thofe  in  their  forour  are 


vetj  eta»91y  obrerv«iL    Few  «»f  tbe  rr#. 

«4e«  ran  either  read  or  write  5  hence  the 

w.int  of  ibcial  intcrcourle,  wbicii  i^  JklUt 

aiifnneiUed  by  th«  baitnelit  of  tlte  tfnd*. 

'i'hu  roads  are  ncKbing  but  paths  pari'alrle 

only  on  fu^it  and  on  borfcback ;  aiid  I 

leajiiies  .1  day  is  very  j^iiutt  work,  in  which 

fpacc  the  traveller  often  docs  not  muet 

witfa  a  liable  habitiition,  and  mull  oonCe' 

quenrly  cany  with  him  every  neoefiarj 

for  nouriHimiiit  auil  ludxing      Such  is  the 

low  ft.ite   of  coiniiisrcc  in  the  Srjiamflt 

part,  th;»t  Don  Aainnij  ile  Valverde,  a 

native  cr^jwle,  goes  I'o  t;ir  .in  to  afiert,  in 

his  account  ol'  tlic  territory,  that  tkc  C6]u- 

PK-rre  in   CAtde,  with  the  Fivnch  part,  i» 

itf  only  fupport.     'J'iie  whole  iflaiid  is  in 

gL'uer^iJ  %vdJ  -.vatcrcd  1)y  river*  and  biook« 

vitUout   riiiuiliLr,  but:  t^ertaiu  fpuces  are 

'"privcd  of  tlii^   atlvantitae.     i''p>m  tlve 

u  .-mat ion  of  the  ilhii'.d,  tiicir  conrl'cs  jtre 

but /liori,  .and  few  of  tiieiu  uavi,';iil»l<*  t« 

anr  illftaJice.     It  i-  {;viicral)y  impointik- 1<» 

conccivv,   frtiiii  tlie  ti'Kuqtiii  alpet't  tliut 

t'  "  riv<  rs  iii'ij-illy  wear,  what  tht  y  be- 

c.ii.ie  whcii  tlu>y  overflow  their  banks. 

A  liver  tliat  but  now  liardlv  covered  die 

jicbblcx  on  if  ■  ij  :1,  or  wet  the  IckU  of  tU>^ 

traveller,  ,is  ti.  wigiil  by  one  tenipeUuoiis 

fhower  into  a  flood,  nicn.icing  all  tliat  it 

a^ipioaclua  ;   and  iliouM  its  banks  give 

way,  it  fpreadu  its  watery  devadation  uwr 

the  pl;iiiu.     Many  of  thefe  are  infefteiA 

wit^.  alligators.    'I'he  only  lakes  or  panda 

worth   M.tice  are  thofr  of  lienriquelle 

and  Salt  pond  ;  the  former  is  a  great  cu- 

ri<rtity.   Sec  H^itriqu^Ue.    The  chief  of  the 

illaiids  which  furround  St.  Domingo,  part 

of  which  belonged  to  the  Spanifh  part, 

are  Altavele,  Saonc,  Bcate,  St.  Catherine, 

on  ilie  S  lide,  from  VV  to  V..    Mone,  .-uul 

Moniqiic  on  the  S  E.     Caymite,  and  Gon- 

ave  on  the  W  between  the  two  peninfulas, 

and  I.a  Tortue,  on  the  N  fide,  towards 

the  W  end  of  the  illand,  and  that  of  Ava- 

che  3H  tlie  S  fide  of  the  louthem  peninfiila. 

The  ancient  divifion  line  which  leparattut 

the  French  from  the  SpaniHi  part  of  the 

ifland,  cKtended  from  the  river  dcs  Anfea 

a  Pitre  or  Pcdernales,  on  the  S  fide,  to 

that  of  MafTacrc,  on  the  N  fide,  at  the 

head  of  the  bay  of  Mancenille,  which, 

together  with  the  large  bay  which  fets  up 

from  the  weftward,  between  Cape  St.  Ni- 

clwlas  and  Cape  Dame  Marie,  S  W  of  the 

former,  and  43  leagues  apart,  moulds  this 

divifion  of  the  ifland  into  fiich  a  figure,  as 

can  be  befl  comprehended  by  a  view  of 

the  map ;  fuffice  it  to*  fay,  that  it  contains 

2,500^0  acres  of  land,  of  an  extremely 

f ert  i 


I  tij'V 


lii" 


:    lit 


130M 


cost 


% 


tkrtni  foil,  prcfenting  an  agreeable  variety 
at  liills,  vallics,  woods  and  ftrcams.  'i'he 
French  part  uf  St.  Domiugu,  containing 
2,500,000  acres,  of  which  1,500,000  were 
under  high  cultivation  in  1 789,  was  then 
divided  iuto  10  jurifdiiSlions,  which  were 
Subdivided  into  5a  parilhes.  Wefljurif- 
di(f!tons,  Port  au  Prince,  St.  Mark,  Lc 
Pc'cit  Goave,  and  Jercmie  ;  in  the  N.  Cape 
I^ran9oii,  Fort  Dauphin,  and  Pott  de 
Paix  ;  thofe  in  the  S,  Les  Cayei,  St.  Louis, 
and  Jacmel.  Before  the  bte  revolution, 
t.herc  were  in  thel'e  pariflics  about  42,000 
white  pe<>iile,  44,000  free  p-.-opIe  of  colour^ 
and  6bo,oco  llavee.  Other  accounts  make 
them  cojifiderably  lefs;  t lie  above,  huw- 
tver,  is  from  good  authority.  I'he  num- 
l)er  of  der^'ths,  during  ^789,  according  to 
the  bills  of  mortality,  7iai  ;  the  number 
of  births  the  lame  year,  4252.  'I'he  ex- 
lifs  of  dcntlis,  2889,  will  be  the  lefs  afton- 
ifliing,  when  it  is  confidercd,  that  in  the 
years  1787,  and  1788,  there  hid  been  ini- 
portcd  into  the  colony  nearly  60,000  new 
negroes.  The  exports  from  Jan.  1,1789,  to 
Dec.  3 1,  of  tlic  lame  year,  were  47,516,531 
lbs.  while  fagar,  93.573,300  brown  fugar; 
76,835,219165  colFee  ;  7,004,274  lbs  cot- 
ton ;  758,628  lbs.  indigo ;  and  other  arti- 
cles, Aa  tauncd  hides,  n-.oluilcb,  I'pirits,  &c. 
to  the  value  of  46,873  livies:  The  total 
value  of  duties  on  the  above  exportations, 
amounted  to  770,801  dolls.  3  cents.  Port 
au  Prince  is  the  feat  of  the  French  gov- 
ernment in  this  ifland,  in  time  of  peace, 
and  a  place  of  coufiderable  trade.  Cape 
Francois  exceeds  Port  an  Prince  in  the 
Vahie  of  its  produ(5kioni,  (he  elegiuice  of 
its  buildings,  and  the  advantageous  fitua- 
tion  of  its  port.  It  is  the  Governor's  refi- 
dence  in  time  of  war.  The  Mole,  though 
inferior  to  thefe  i«  other  relpedh,  is  the 
firil  port  in  the  i/land  for  fafety  in  time 
of  war,  being  by  nature  and  art  llrongly 
fortified.  The  other  towns  and  ports  of 
any  note,  are  Fort  Dauphiir,  St.  Mark, 
Leogane,  Petit  Goave,  Jeremic,  Les  Cayes, 
St.  Louis,  and  Jacmel,  which  fee  under 
their  diiFerent  names.  The  moti  ancient 
town  in  this  ifland,  and  in  all  America, 
huilt  by  Europeans,  is  St.  Domingo  ;  of 
v/hich  an  account  is  given  below.  To 
thefe  particular  obfervations,  we  add  the 
following,  of  a  more  general  nature :  The 
fugar  and  indigo  plantations  were  in  the 
ilat,  the  coiFee  in  the  mountainous  lands. 
'I'he  pLmtations  were  for  the  moft  part 
cuclofsd  with  live  hedges,  (Iraight  and 
wtU  drefled  ;  the  dwelling  and  manufac- 
tory houfet  were  built  auU  kid  out  with 


great  neatuefi  and  tarfte ;  every  habltattoa 
polTeil'ed  a  private  hofpital  for  the  accom« 
uiodatioa  of  its  lick  negroes,  who  wcr9 
parctitally  dealt  with  ;  the  roads  were  ex- 
cellent ;  and  from  the  general  hofpitality 
and  cheerfulnefs  of  its  former  inhabitants, 
it  was  cunfidered  as  one  of  the  moft  envi- 
able fpots  on  earth.  Such  was  the  French 
part  of  St.  Domingo  in  1789  ;  but,  alas '. 
it  is  no  more  ;  the  deftrucflive  ravages  of 
an  unrelenting  infurredlion,  of  fiightful 
uialTacres  and  conflagrations,  have  laid 
wafle  all  thole  beautiful  fettltmcnts,  re- 
duced the  buildings  to  afiies,  and  laid  low 
in  dull  or  fcattered  in  exile,  its  wretched 
inhabitants.  The  firfl  interference  of  the 
National  AlTembly,  in  the  affairs  of  the 
colonies,  was  by  a  decree  of  the  8th  of 
March,  1790,  which  declared,  "  That  all 
free  perfons,  who  were  proprietors  and 
refidetits  of  two  years  ftanding,  and  who 
contributed  to  the  exigencies  of  the  (late, 
fliould  exercile  the  rights  of  voting,  which 
conftitute  the  quality  of  French  citizens." 
This  dpcree,  though  in  fadt  it  gave  no 
new  rights  to  the  people  of  colour,  was  re- 
garded with  a  jealous  eye  by  the  white 
planters ;  whofe  pride  and  refentment  dic- 
tated to  them  to  expel  the  people  of  colour 
from  their  aifemblies.  'i'his  feems  to  be 
the  true  fource  of  their  calamities ;  to  dc- 
velope  which,  and  the  dreadful  confe- 
<j[uences,  belong  to  the  profefTed  hiftorian. 
Domingo,  St.  the  capital  of  the  Spaniih 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  or  Hif- 
paniola,  is  fituated  on  the  W  bank  of  the 
Ozama,  a  league  below  the  mouth  of  Ifa- 
bella  river,  in  which  dlftance  it  is  24  feet 
deep,  iiaving  a  bottom  of  mud  or  foft  fand, 
and  banks  20  feet  perpendicular  height ; 
but  N  of  the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to 
4  feet.  The  Otiama  is  navigable  for  9  or 
xo  leagues,  and  hzsfeveral  fugar  manufac- 
tories,  tile  kilns,  and  provifion  farms  on  its 
banks.  T^e  road  before  :he  mouth  of  the 
Ozama  is  very  indifTcrent,  and  lies  expof- 
ed  from  W  S  W  to  £.  It  is  impoflible  to 
anchor  in  it  in  the  time  of  the  fouth 
winds ;  and  the  north  winds  drive  the 
vcfl'cls  from  their  moorings  out  into  the 
fea,  which  here  rutis  extremely  high.  The 
port  of  St.  Domingo  is  magnificent  in  ev- 
ery refpciSb ;  a  real  natural  bafon,  with  a 
great  number  ufcareeuiiigs  for  the  velTeU 
that  can  get  at  them.  TTiere  is  a  rock  at 
the  entrance,  which  will  only  admit  vcf- 
fels  drawing  >  8  or  20  feet  water  ;  which 
it  is  afTertcd  might  be  removed  without 
great  difiiculty.  The  city  of  St.  Domingo 
was  originally  founded  oa  the  £  iide  of 

the 


the   Ozama, 
Columbus,  w 
l(al)clla.     An 
Columbus  "a' 
and  that  the  i 
N  coad  of  til- 
pher  Columb 
Ifabella  in  i^ 
deflioytd  mo 
duced  Ovaiidi 
to  (he  Wlide 
was  fuon  l)uil 
of  dcfign  not  1 
lis  of  ihe  Ne^ 
city  is  a  trapc 
on  the  E  fide 
500  fathoms 
fea  ;  and  of  a 
cumfcrcnce. 
the  city,  the  1; 
about  half  a  !< 
comes  good,  a 
Towards  the  f 
very  high,  whi 
bit:  dyke  again 
It  i;i  furroundci 
diameter,  and : 
is  a  great  deal 
go,   particular! 
lortirications    s 
height  of  the 
tirely  ;  and  its 
250  fathoms  fr 
are  fpacious,  ar 
gives  it  a  pica! 
thefe  ftrects  n 
others  from  E 
of  the  houics,  1 
marble  found  ii 
ftile  of  the  anc 
Italy :  thofe  of 
tion  are  of  tapis 
thefe  buildings, 
between  pillars 
filled   by  degrc 
which  is  ranimc 
until  it  forms  a 
twcen  the  pillar 
together,  acqui 
and  the  walls  ai 
ftrong,  that  the 
ufcielk     The  Ik 
tolerably  handft 
nearly  uniform, 
theft,  built  v.iili 
Wood,  covered  w 
of  pnim   trees, 
platformed,  bein 
the  rain  water  t 
male  of  tliccnpi 
Vol.  I. 


I3o^l 


DOM 


the  Ozama,  in  1494,  by  Bp.rtholomc^* 
Columbus,  who  gave  it  tlie  name  of  New 
lliiljclla.  Authors  afTcrt  that  Cliriflopher 
Columbus  "jiive  it  the  name  of  hi»  father, 
and  that  the  inhabitants  of  Ifabella  on  the 
N  coad  of  th'.-  idand,  founded  by  Chriflo- 
phcr  Columbus  ill  1493,  removed  to  New 
Ifabella  in  1496.  In  1502  a  hurricane 
deflroytd  moft  of  its  buildings,  which  in- 
duced OvanJo  to  remove  the  inhabitants 
to  the  "W  llde  of  the  river.  The  new  city 
was  foon  built,  and  that  with  a  grandeur 
of  dclign  not  unworthy  the  firft  metropo- 
lis of  the  New  World.  The  plan  of  the 
city  is  a  trapezium  of  about  340  fathoms 
on  the  E  fide,  along  the  Ozama ;  near 
500  fathoms  on  the  S  bordering  on  the 
fea  ;  and  of  about  1800  fathoms  in  cir- 
cumference. To  the  W  and  to  the  N  of 
the  city,  the  land  is  rough  and  rocky  for 
about  half  a  league,  but  after  that  it  be- 
comes good,  and  the  country  dtlightful. 
Towards  the  fea  th*  fcite  of  the  city  lies 
very  high,  which  forms  an  infurmounta- 
blt  dyke  againd  the  fury  of  the  waves 
It  i;i  I'urrounded  with  a  rampart  8  feet  in 
diameter,  and  about  10  feet  high.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  ordnance  at  St.  Domin- 
go, particularly  caft  ordnance,  but  the 
lortitications  are  not  ftrong  ;  and  the 
height  of  the  Ilcignes  commands  it  en- 
tirely ;  and  its  crown  is  not  more  than 
ajo  fathoms  from  the  ditch.  The  ftreets 
are  fpacious,  and  ftraight  as  a  line,  which 
gives  it  a  picafing  appearance.  Ten  of 
thefe  ftreets  run  from  N  to  S,  and  10 
others  from  E  to  W.  The  grcateft  part 
of  the  houfes,  firft  built,  arc  of  a  fort  of 
marble  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  in  the 
ftile  of  the  ancient  towns  of  Spain  atid 
Italy,  thofe  of  a  more  lecent  conftruc- 
tion  are  of  tapia,  a  fort  of  pife.  To  creCl 
thefe  buildings,  a  cafe  is  made  of  planks, 
between  pillars  of  mafonry  :  this  cafe  is 
filled  by  degre«-»  with  a  rcddifli  clay, 
which  is  rammed  don-n  as  it  is  thrown  in, 
until  it  forms  a  folid,  or  fort  of  wall,  be- 
tween the  pillars.  The  clay  thus  prcfled 
together,  acquires  an  amazing  hardnCis, 
and  the  walls  arc  fometiuies  fo  f<)lid  and 
ftrong,  that  the  pillars  of  mafonry  arc 
ufelefj.  The  houfes  of  St.  Domingo  arc 
tolerably  lian<lfome,  in  a  fimplcftile,  and 
nearly  uniform.  A  confidcrable  part  of 
thefe,  built  v.'iihin  tlicfc  few  years,  arc  of 
wood,  covered  with  the  leaves  or  taclus 
of  palm  trees.  The  roofs  are  generally 
platformed,  being  fliaped  fo  as  to  conduct 
the  rain  water  to  the  eiftern"!.  The  cli- 
mate of  tlic  capital  is,  linppily,  very  tcm- 
VoL.  I.  T 


peratc.  The  nights  of  thofe  months  whicb 
anfwcr  to  the  winter  in  Kurope,  arc  even 
found  to  be  cold.  Among  a  number  of 
public  edifices  that  merit  attention,  in  this 
declining  city,  we  may  reckon  the  ruins 
of  the  houfc  that  Diego,  fon  of  Chrifto- 
phtr  Columbus,  had  begun,  entirely  of 
hewn  ftone.  The  walls  are  yet  remain- 
ing, and  fome  of  the  fculpture  round  the 
windows.  The  roof  and  ceilings  are 
fallen  in,  the  lower  floor  is  become  a  pen 
for  cattle  ;  and  a  Latin  infcription  over 
the  portal,  is  now  hidden  by  the  hut  of  a 
herdl'man.  The  cathedral,  of  the  fame 
Ibrt  of  ftone  as>  the  houfc  of  Diego  Colum- 
bus, ftands  on  the  S  E.  Oppoiite  its  cn- 
cntDce  is  a  fine  fpacious  obiungfquare,  at 
the  S  W  end  of  whith  is  the  town  huufe. 
The  cathedral  is  a  noble  Gothic  pile  bc- 
gtin  in  1512,  and  iinillied  in  1540,  and 
was  conftru<5ltd  after  the  modtl  of  a 
church  at  Rome.  It  merits  admiration  ou 
account  of  the  boldnefs  of  its  vault,  which, 
notwithftanding  the  ravages  of  earth- 
quakes in  its  neighbourhood,  has  never, 
till  within  thefe  ij  or  20  years,  had  u 
tingle  flaw.  'I'ht  duft  of  Columbus  rtflcd 
witliin  this  pile  until  the  year  1796,  when 
it  was  rtmovtd.  Mere  are  3  convents  lor 
men  ;  which  have  increal'cd  in  import- 
ance fiiice  1781 ;  2  nunrcrics,  3  hofpitals, 
a  college,  and  a  gaol.  The  convent  of 
the  fi  rdclicrs  was  built  by  OvaJido  in 
IJ03,  on  a  little  hill  containing  a  mine  uf 
mercury.  All  the  3  paiocliial  churches 
of  St.  Domingo,  are  beautiful,  ril  h  in  or- 
naments, in  vafcs  of  gold  and  filver  fet 
with  precious  (tones,  in  picflurcs,  in  ft.it- 
ues  of  marble  and  of  metal ;  but  the  ca- 
thedral furpafics  the  others  in  every  re- 
fpcrt.  The  population  of  the  city  of  St. 
Domingo  is  not  very  cnniulcrable  ;  yet  it 
is  cxtiaordinarily  augmented  fince  the 
year  i7!;o.  '1  he  cenfus  lately  taken, 
amounted  to  ac.ooo,of  every  age  and  fex. 
But  this  is  far  bi-low  the  cxat\  number. 
The  cenfus  is  taken  by  the  Spanifti  pritfts 
or  vicars,  who  go  from  houfe  to  houfe  to 
verily  thofc  who  do  not  perform  their 
pafehal  duties.  This  lift  does  not  com- 
prehend children  under  7  years  of  age, 
nor  heads  of  families  abfent  from  their 
home  or  from  the  city.  But  the  princi- 
pal caufc  of  the  incxudlncl's,  is,  one  half 
of  the  parochial  territory  .of  the  city  is 
on  the  outfidc  of  the  walls.  This  terri- 
tory comprehends  the  part  called  the 
Plains,  a  great  part  of  the  Mont  dc  Plate, 
and  again  as  well  to  the  E  as  to  the  \V  of 
the  city,  a  very  confidcrable  number  of 

country 


I':;. 


,|.  •■■••■ 


170  M 


BO-J^ 


country  feats  and  proviGon  habitations, 
where  there  are  a  great  many  families  of 
blacks,  of  people  of  colour,  and  white 
cultivators ;  fo  that  there  are  always  5 
or  6ooo  not  included  in  the  ccnfus.  Not* 
withflanding  the  declining  fituation  of 
the  Spanifli  territory  of  the  ifland,  it  is 
far  more  profperous  than  it  was  60  years 
ago.  A  cenfus  even  of  1737  fliows,  that 
the  total  population  at  that  time  did  nut 
furpafs  6000  fouls,  and  the  capital  con- 
tained hardly  500.  The  Spanifli  capital 
is  70  leagues  E  by  S  of  Port  au  Prince, 
the  road  runs  half  the  way  along  the  fea 
coaft,  through  Bany,  Azua,  and  Neybe, 
and  thence  by  the  lakes  Henriquclle  and 
Brackilli  pond.  In  this  route  you  ha^ 
ttt  crofs  two  large  rivers,  Nifai  and  Neybe, 
hefide  1 1  fmaller  ftreams..  It  is  90  leagues 
S  E  of  Cape  Francois,  going  by  the  road 
thiougli  St.  Raphael, Azua,  &c.  and  about 
100  leagues  by  that  of  Dahabon,  St. 
Yague,  and  La  Vega;  N  lat.  1^8  19  30, 
W  Ion.  from  Paris  7137. 

Dominica,  the  laft'of  the  leeward  Cliar- 
arboeor  Caribbae  ifland*,  taking  themfrom 
M  W  to  S  E  ;  but  the  Spaniards  call  it  the 
lad  of  the  windward  illands.  It  is  fituated 
about  half  way  betwixt  Guadaloupe  on 
the  N  W,  and  Martinico  on  the  S  E,  15 
league:'  from  each,  between  15  lo  and- 1.5 
44  30  N  lat.  and  between  61  17  and  6i  30 
W  Ion  beirtg  about  %<)  miles  in  lengtKfrom 
Crab  Point  S,  to  tho  N  W  cape  of  Auguflia, 
bay  on  the  N  ;  and  nearly  16  miles  broad 
from  R.iyfnond  bay  E,  toCoulihaut  on  the 
W  ;  and'  contains  186,436  acres  of  land, 
and  is  divided  into  10  pariflies,  viz.  St. 
J<)hn,  St  Andrew,  St.  Peter,  St.  Jofeph,  St. 
Paul,  St.  David,  .St.  George,  St.  Patrick,  St. 
Luke,  and  St.  Martin.  Ther  ifland  con- 
tains many  high  and  rugged  mountains, 
interfperfed  with  fertile  vallies,  and  is  wa- 
tered by  upwards  of  30  rivers,  befidc  a 
nttsnher  of  rivulets.  Several  of  the  moun- 
tains eontain  \uiextinguiflied  volcanoes, 
which  frequently  difcharge  vaft  quantities 
of  burning  fu^phur.  Here  are  feveral  hot 
fpringsi  efteemcd  efficacious  in  removing. 
tropical  diforders.  Some  of  the  waters 
are  faid  to  be  hot  enough  to  coagulate 
an  egg.  Here  are  vaft  fwarms  of  bees, 
which  produce  a  great  quantity  of  wax 
and  honey ;  they  hive  in  the  trees,  and  are 
thought  to  have  b-  en  tranfported  from 
Europe  ;  the  native  bee  of  the  W.  Indies 
being  a  fmaller  fpecies,  unprovided  with 
flings,  and  very  different  in  its  manners 
from  the  Euruptnn.    I'he  foreAs  afford 


an  inexhauftible  quantity  of  rofe  wol^I,  fo* 
cfteemed  by  cabinet  makers.  The  fruit» 
and  other  productions  arc  iimilar  to  thofe 
in  the  neighbouring  iflands  ;  but  the  foil 
being  generally  thin,  is  more  adapted  tu 
the  rearing  of  cotton  than  fugar.  'l"he 
beft  eye  (tones  that  are  known,  are  foiuid 
on  the  fliores  of  this  ifland.  They  have 
their  name  from  the  ufe  which  is  made  of 
them,  for  clearing  the  eyes  of  any  dirt. 
They  ar«  Ihapcd  like  a  lentil,  fmooth 
and  fleek,  but  much  fmaller,  and  of 
a  grey  colour.  The  value  of  exports,  ac- 
cording to  the  current  London  prices  in 
1788, amounted  10^^.302,987-15  fter.  in- 
cluding exports  U)  the  American  dates, 
value  £.7,164-5.  The  cargoes,  in  i6i 
veffels,  coniiftcd  of  71,301  cwt.  i  qr.  2i 
lbs.  of  fugar ;  63,39a  gall,  of  rum  ;  16,803 
gall,  molaffes;  1,194  cwt.  3  qrs.  a  lbs. 
cacao;  18,149  <^^v'-  3  qrs.  6  lbs.  coffee; 
11,250  lbs.  indigo  ;  970,816  lbs.  cotton  ; 
i6t  cvift.  ginger,  belide  liidci,  dying  woods, 
&c.  I'he  number  of  inliabi'^nts,  in  the 
fame  year,  appears  to  have  been  1236 
vvjiites  ;  445  free  negroes,  &c.  and  14,967 
flaves.  Tliere  are  alfo  about  30  families 
of  Charaibes,  the  remains  of  tlte  ancient 
natives.  The  only  towns  here  of  any 
note  are  Charlotte  town,  the  capital  and 
the  feat  of  government,  formerly  called 
Rofleau,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  ifland,  and 
Portfmouth,  fituated  at  the  head  of  Prince 
Rupert's,  bay.  Dominica^  from  its  local 
fituation,  between  Martinico  and  Guada- 
leupe,  is  the  beft  calculated  of  all  the 
Biitifli  poffefilonsin  that  part  of  the  world, 
for  fecuring.  to  her  the  dominion  of  the 
Charaibbaan  fea.  A  few  fliips  of  war  in 
Prince  Rupert's  bay  would  effedlually 
ftop  all  intercourfe  of  tlie  French  fcttle- 
ments  with  each  other,  as  not  avefl'el  can 
pais  but  is  liable  to  capture,  by  fliip* 
cruifingoff-that  bay,  and  to  windward  of 
the  ifland.  It  is  a  feparate  government 
and  a  free  port.  The  anchorage  is  good 
all  round  the  coaft  of  Dominica  ;  but  it 
has  no  port  or  bay  for  retiring  into  ;  but 
the  veffels  have  the  advantage  of  Iheltcr 
behind  many  of  its  capes.  It  was  difcov- 
ered  by  Chiiftopher  Columbus,  Nov.  3, 
1493 ;  and  had  its  name  from  being  difcov- 
ered  on  a  funday.  It  was  taken  by  tlift 
French  in  the  late  war,  and  reftored  to 
Britain  at  the  peace  of  1783. 

Dominica,  L.i,  one  of  the  Marqucfa* 
iflands,  called  by  the  natives  Hc.:'varoa,  i* 
the  largeft  nf  them  all,  extending  E  andW 
6  leagues;  is  about  16  leagues  in circuitjfuli- 


•ttF  rugged 
'but  is  inhal 
■of  the  Wer 

Don  Chr! 

of  the  iflan. 
bay  on  the 
SE.     It  is 
ilielter  to  tli 
Jng  a  florm 
icite  of  the  ( 
Donifon,   a 
Frencli  part 
3  leagues  N ' 
iflipart,  an, 
Gon  aires. 
Donfjrul, 
name  in  Pent 
2476, 1  in  V 
one  in  Wafh 
Doit  Marti 
ands  in  the  ( 
■Lon.  179  j2 
ants   are   nui 
plenty.     Coci 
potatoes,  anc 
fpontaneonfly 
cultivate  then 
the  bark  of  ce 
felves   in  a  d 
hofpitable  an 
haps  be  as  like 
aries,  as  any  o 
it  does  not  apj 
of  religion.     ' 
Don    Rii>er, 
♦•ounty  of  Yor 
itfelf  into  Yor 
Dnobount  La. 
long,  and  20  o 
headofChefte 
Dorehefler,  a 
N.  Hampfliire, 
contains  349  ii 
Dartmouth  Co 
Dorchejler,  an 
in  Norfolk  co 
early  as  1630. 
been  t.^ken  off 
"lent.     It  is  3 
is  now  about  . 
The  chief  ma 
chocolate,  fnu 
Tious  forts.     It 
and  2347  inhal 
the  peninfula, 
proaches  with 
and,  and  its  N 
Of  the  S  part  of 
cdon  the  heig 
town  and  its 
•ing  the  early  j 


DOR 


t)OU 


tit  rugged  hills,  and  of  a  barren  afpcA  ; 
'but  is  inhabited.  S  lat.  9  44.  The  h>n. 
■of  the  Wend  from  Greenwich  is  139  I3\V. 

Don  Chrljlftpber's  Covr,  lies  on  the  N  iidc 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  having  St.  Anna's 
bay  on  the  W,  and  Mammce  bay  on  tiie 
S  E.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  given 
jlieher  to  tlie  difcovercr  of  America,  dur- 
ing a  ftorm,  in  1503,  and  for  being  the 
fciteof  the  old  town  of  Sevilla  dc  Nucva. 

Donif'/.i,  an  interior  fettlemcnt  'm  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
."?  leagues  N  W  of  St.  Rapiucl  in  the  Span- 
ifli  part,  and  13  leagues  T.  by  N  of  Les 
Gonaives. 

Donf^at.  There  arc  3  townfliips  of  tJiis 
name  inPcnnfylv.inia,i  in  Lancafter  co.  of 
2476, 1  in  Weflmoreland  co.  ofi4ii,  and 
one  in  Wafliington  co.  of  762  inhabitant?. 

Don  Martinde  Majorca,  a  cluflcr  of  ifl- 
ands  in  the  Great  S.  Sea.  I.at.  18  36  S, 
Lon.  179  J2  E  from.  Paris.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  numeroun,  living  in  eale  and 
plenty.  Cocoa,  banana,  and  lime  trees ; 
potatoes,  and  other  edible  roots  grow 
fpontaneonfly  in  great  abundaticc.  They 
cultivate  their  grounds,  \veave  cloth  from 
the  bark  of  certain  flirubs,  and  drcfs  fhem- 
felves  in  a  decent  inanner.  They  are 
hofpitable  and  friendly,  and  would  per- 
haps be  as  likely  to  receive  gofpcl  Miflion- 
aries,  sis  any  otheir  Savages ;  but  at  prefent 
it  does  not  appear  that  they  have  any  kind 
«f  religion.    They  are  great  thieves. 

Don  River,  in  the  eaft  riding  of  the 
county  of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  tlifcharges 
itfelf  into  York  harbour. 

Doohoimt  Late,  is  abqut  itO  or  70  miles 
long,  and  20  or  30  broad ;  lies  S  E  of  the 
headofCherterflcld  inlet,  in  N.S.Wales. 

Dorcbefer,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
JI.  Hampfliire.incorpQrated  in  1761.  It 
contains  349  inhabitants.  It  lies  N  E  of 
Dartmouth  College  about  17 -miles. 

Dorchejler,  an  ancienr  and  thriving  town 
in  Norfolk  co.  Maflachufetts,  fettled  as 
early  as  1630.  A  number  of  towns  have 
been  taken  otT  from  it  fmcc  its  firft  fcttle- 
ment.  It  is  a  miles  S  by  V.  of  Bofton,  and 
is  now  about  6  miles  long  and  3I  broad. 
The  chief  manufa(5lures  here  are  paper, 
chocolate,  fnuft',  leather,  and  fliocs  of  va- 
rious forts.  It  has  a  handfome  church, 
and  2347  inhabitants.  The  N  E  point  of 
the  peninfula,  called  Dorchcfler  neck,  ap- 
proaches within  half  a  mile  of  Caftle  ifl- 
and, and  its  N  W  point  within  half  a  mile 
of  the  S  part  of  Bofton.  Forts  were  eretfl- 
cdon  the  heights  in  the  late  war  ;  and  this 
town  and  its  vicinity  fu(Fered  much  dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  war. 


Donhejfer  in  Cumberland  co.  N.  Jerfey, 
lies  on  the  E  fide  of  Morris  R.  about  5 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  bay,  and  17 
eaftward  of  Fairfield. 

DorcheJIer  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies  on  the 
E  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay  ;  on  the  S  fide  of 
Choptank  R.  which  feparates  it  from  Tal- 
bot CO.  It  has  feveral  iflands  on  its  coaft  ; 
the  chief  of  thefe,  from  the  mouth  of  Hud- 
fon  R.  are,  Jamci,  Taylor's,  Barren,  Hoop- 
er'.s,  and  GoUllborough's,  which  laft  lies 
between  Hungary  R.  and  Fifliing  bay. 
The  length  of  the  county  from  E  to  W  is 
about  33  miles,  and  its  breadth  from  N  to 
S  27  miles.  The  number  of  its  inhabit- 
ants 12,346,  of  whom  4566  are  flavcs. 
Tlie  lands.in  the  nothern  parts  are  fomc- 
what  ("levated.'but  in  the  fouthern  parts 
)ow  and  marl)iy,  particularly  along  Fifli- 
ing  bay.'and  up  its  waters, 'Franfquaking, 
RIackwater,  and  Fear im  creek,  and  along 
Hungary  R.  an  arm  of  the  Chefapeak. 
The  produce  is  chiefly  wheat,  corn,  and 
'lumber.     Its  chief  to«n  js  Cambridge. 

Dorchejlcr,  a  fmall  town  of  Charlcflon 
drftridt,  S.  Carolina,  on  the  N  E  bank  of 
Alliley  R  18  miles  W  N  W  of  Charlctton 
citv.  This  place  was  fettled  nnd  named 
as  early  at  1700,  by  a  colony  from  Dor- 
chefter  and  its  vicinity  in  MalFachuferts  ; 
and  a  part  of  its  inhabitants,  about  the 
year  175D,  left  it  and  fettled  Midway,  in 
Georgia. 

Dnrchcjler  Mmmt,  is  that  fidgc  of  moun- 
tain running  through  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln in  'U.  Canada,  parallel  to  Ontario,  and 
is  fuppofcd  tobc  a  fpur  of  the  Alleghany. 

Dorehefer  To'irt'Joi/i,.  in  the  ctnirity  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of,  and  is  ad- 
joining to  Dereham,  fronting  the  river 
Thames. 

Dorfct,  a  townfliip  in  Bennington  co. 
Vermont,  having  Rupert  W,  Manchcfler 
S,  and  Danbv  N  ;  and  contains  958  inhab- 
itants, 27  miles  N  by  E  of  Bennington. 

Double  Bridge,  lainenburg  co.  Virginia, 
where  is  a  po^l  office,  225  miles  from 
M'^afliington. 

/)o«i^/.r/!f,  a  townfliip,  the  fouthcrnmoft 
in  Worceftcr  co.  Mafiachnfetts,  having 
the  flate  of  Rhode  Ifland  on  the  S,  .?nd 
that  of  Connedticut  on  the  S  W,  and 
through  it  pafles  the  middle  road  from 
Bofton  to  N.  York.  It  is  a  very  rocky 
townfliip,  and  contains  1 140  inhabitants. 
It  lies  18  miles  S  of  Worcefter,and  48  S  V' 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  anno 
1746,  and  received  its  name  in  honor  of 
William  Douglafs,  M.  D.  of  Bofton,  a  na- 
tive of  Scotland,  and  a  confidcrable  bene- 
factor to  the  town. 

Dougl'fi, 


DOV 


DRY 


Louirlaf],  9  townfliip  in   MontgAmery 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania    on   the    N    fide  of  the 
i  1297  inhabitants, 
on  theNW  coaft  of  N. 
-ms  the  W.  fiile  of  the 


Schuy'ikili,  and  h 
Doitglafs,  a  c.ip 
America,  which  t 
entrance  into  C( 
3sde,  which  form 
lofty  promontory 
appears  above  tht 
ceeding  high  moi 
Ion.  io6  10  E. 

Doutyj  Falls,  in  ' 
where  a  pofl:  office 


Vs  R.  oppofite  Point 
he  E  fide.  It  is  a  very 
vhofe  elevated  fummit 
louds,  forming  two  ex- 
tains.     Lat.  J 8  56  N, 


rkco.  Maine,  a  place 
K,  kept ;  7  ,  railes  from 
Berwick, and  8  from  Sanl'oid,  563  N  from 
^WaHiington. 

Dover,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts  incorporated  anno  1650.  It 
contains  511  inhabitants,  and  lies  17  miles 
foiitliward  of  Eofton. 

Dover,  a  conlldcrablc  pod  town  in  Straf- 
ford CO.  N.Hampfliirc,  and  the  (Jiire  tovvn 
of  tlie  county  ;  fituated  on  the  fouthern 
■fide  of  Cocnccho  R.  about  4  miles  above 
its  jnn<£tion  with  Salmon  Fall  R.  which 
together  form  the  Pifcataqiia :  la  miles 
N'  W  by  N  from  Portfmouth.  The  In- 
dians named  it  Winichahanat,  and  Coche- 
cho  ;  by  the  firft  fettlcrs,  it  was  called 
Northam.  It  was  incorporated  in  1633, 
and  contains  2062  inhabitants.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  Congregational  church, 
court  houfe  and  gaol.  At  Dover  is  a 
high  neck  of  land,  between  the  main 
branch  of  Pifcataqua  and  Back  R.  about 
two  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile  wide,  rifmg 
gently  .along  a  line  road,  and  declining  on 
each  fide,  like  a  fliip's  deck  It  com- 
mands an  extenfivo  and  variegated  prof- 
pe&  of  the  rivers,  bays,  adjacent  (liores, 
and  diftmt  mountain*.  It  has  often  been 
admired  by  travellers  as  an  elegant  fuua 
tion  for  a  city,  and  by  military  gentlemen 
for  a  fortrcfs.  The  firtl  fettlers  pitched 
here,  but  the  trade  has  long  fince  been  re- 
moved to  Cochccho  falls  ;  and  this  beau- 
tiful 5?ot  is  almoil  deferted  of  inhabitants. 
N  lat.  43  II,  W  Ion.  70  50. 

D'-ver^  a  tO'.vnfliip  in  Monmouth  co.  N. 
Jcrfcy,  between  Shrewlbury  and  New 
Stafford,  and  extends  ..-om  the  fea 
to  the  county  line.  Although  a  large 
townlhip,  it  contains  only  910  ichabit- 
ants,  who  live  moftly  upon  the  fea  iTiore. 
There  is  but  one  churcli,  the  property  of 
a  generous  and  benevolent  individual  ; 
open  to  miniilers  of  all  denominations. 

Dn->rr,  the  metropolis  and  a  poft  town 
of  Delaware  (late,  in  Kent  co.  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  Jones  creek,  about  4^  miles  N  W 
from  its  mouth,  in  the  Delaware;  1 3  miles 


from  Duck  creek,  48  from  Wilmington, 
and  76  S  S  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
upwards  100  houfes,  built  principally  of 
brick.  There  are  4  ftreets,  which  intcr- 
fect  eacli  other  at  right  angles,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town.  The  area  included  with- 
in thcfe  inlerfedlions  extends  into  a  fpa- 
cious  parade  ;  on  the  E  fide  of  which  is 
an  elegant  (late  houfe.  The  town  has  a 
lively  appearance,  and  drives  on  a  confid- 
erable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  chiefly  in 
flour.  N  lat.  39  10,  W  Ion.  75  34. 

Dover,  a  town  in  Yorkco.Pennfylvania, 
on  Fox  Run,  which  falls  into  Conewago 
creek,  near  its  mouth,  in  the  Sufquehanna. 
It  contains  a  German  Lutheran  and  Cal- 
vinift  church,  upited  ;  and  about  40 
IxQufes. 

Doivne,  or  Dotvns,  a  townfliip  in  Cum- 
berland CO.  N.  Jerfoy. 

Doivnitigs,^  poft  townof  Pennfylvania,iii 
C'lefter  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Brandywine 
creek;  33  miles  W  by  N  of  Philadelphia, 

Z)oT^o'U'«,a  village,  where  is  a  poft  ofiice, 
in  Bucks  CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  15  miles  N  W 
of  Newton,  and  33  W  by  N  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Dracut,  a  poft  town  in  Middlefex  co. 
on  the  northern  bank  of  Merrimack  R. 
oppofite  Patucket  Falls.  It  contains  I2;.« 
inhabitants,  and  lies  30  miles  N  by  W  of 
Bofton. 

Drake,  a  harbour  In  California,  fo  call- 
ed after  the  celebrated  Sir  Francis  Drake, 
who  difcovercd  and  took  poffeffion  of  the 
peninfula  of  California,  for  his  miftrefs, 
Queen  Elizabeth.     N   lat.  j8    15,  W  Ion. 

Ill  39- 

Drefdett,  a  poft  town  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  Ebank  of  Kennebeck  R.  9 
miles  from  WifcalTet  Point,  1 2  S  by  V.  of 
Hallowell,  and  180  N  by  E  of  Lofton. 
Swan  iflantd  if<  in  tliis  towjifliip. 

Drlnnons  Lick,      See  Jefferfms  co. 

Dripping  Spring,  Warren  co.  Kentucky. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  855  miles  W  by  S 
from  Wafliington. 

Dromore,  or  Driimnrc,  a  tOwnfliip  in 
Lancafter  co  Pcnnfylvania,  has  1077  in- 
habitants. 

Droxviied  I  ands.    See  Orange  ro.  N.  York. 

Drummond,  or  Accomac  court  houfe,  in 
Virginia,  is  on  the  poft  road  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Nor.'jlk,  20  miles  from  Belha- 
ven,  and  194  from  Philadelphia. 

/^rvi/in,  a  towniliip  in  Onondago  co.  N. 
York,  having  Ulyffes  W,  Virgil  E,  and 
Owego  S.  The  centre  of  the  town  Is  8 
miles  E  of  the  S  end  of  Cayuga  lake. 

Dry  Toriugas,     ilcs  Tiirtuga. 

Dtianrpurgl'i 


DiUiu.Jhur'^ 
N.  York,  cm 

Dub! in,  a 
H.inipfliire, 
and  N  of  till 
ing  1188  inl 
ofChaiL-ftoi 
Inc(irp(irate< 

Duulill,    I,rj 

ladtlpliM  CO, 
of  I'hiiadtlpi 
has  1495  in! 
in  Huntlngd 
ing978  Inha! 

D.W'/is  Lnh 

98  and  100' 
and  iiet^vcen 
of  N  lat.  It 
la  Pluie,  and 
lake  by  river 
off  again  by  t 
great  lake  \ 
from  thence 
lake  contiin.? 
b.ick  commu 
to  the  northv 
Ducr,  a  riv 
on  the  N  V 
mountain.  I 
empties  into  1 
It  is  SCO  ya 
mouth,  whic 
Nafluille;  at 

Dud  Creek 

confiderable 
the  ftate  of 
Creek,  whic  I 
Newcaftle 
100  houfcs  if 
confiderable 
is  one  of  the 
ftate.     Here 
lies   12  miles 
from  Wilmi 

Duck  TJland 

Ontario,  U. 

i/land  and  P 

Duel  trap, ; 

ing278  inhal 

Dudky,  a 
chufetts,  com 
is  18  miles  fc 
60  S  W  of  B 

Du.fiueU, 
about  20  mill 
JO  inhabitar 
pafles  throng 
town.  In  a  w 
turns  N  W, 
it  falls  into  t 


CL 


DUD 


DUN 


Tiuau'Jhur^ij,  a  poll:  town  in  Al'onny  co. 
N.  York,  ciiutHininj;  2787  in!i;ibitants. 

Duli.'i)!,  a  towiilliip  in  Clitriiirc  co.  N. 
H.inipnitre,  on  a  bninch  of  Atlinc-lot  R. 
anil  N  of  the  gr.at  Moiiailnot  k,  coiUaln- 
in^^  1188  nihabit;mts.  It  is  ail  miles  S  C 
of  ChaiLflown,  and  6.^  W  of  Portfmouth. 
IncorpiM-ated  in  the  year  1771. 

T):wl,'ii,  I.'jiucr,  a  plcafant  town  in  P!\i- 
laiklphia  co.  Pcnni'yh'ani.i,  !0  miles  N  E 
of  I'luladclplii^,  anil  as,  far  S  Vv'  of  Briflol, 
has  1495  inhabitants.  Alfo,  a  townlhip 
ill  Huntingdon  co.  in  P,:nnl'vlvar.i,'-,  hav- 
ing 978  inhabitants. 

D.wois  Li)''\  in  U.  Canada,  lies  between 
98  and  I0C°  W  ion.  from  Clreinwicli, 
and  between  ilie  48th  and  ."icth  parallel 
of  N  lat.  It  lies  to  ths  wcflward  of  lake 
la  Pliiie,  and  receives  the  waters  ot  tiiat 
lake  by  river  la  PInic,  v.'hicb  arc  carried 
off  again  by  the  river  Wintpiijiie,  into  the 
j^reat  lake  Wlnitapa  or  Win:p!r,uc,  and 
from  thence  into  Hudfon's  bay.  'I'hia 
lake  contiin.^foine  illands ;  it  lias  alfo  a 
back  commanication  with  lake  la  Plule, 
to  the  northward,  by  inferior  flrcams. 

Duc't  a  river  in  TcnefTec,  which  rifes 
on  the  N  W  fide  of  the  Cmnberland 
mountain.  It  runs  a  N  W  courfe,  and 
empties  into  the  Tcneuee  in  N  lat.  i6  W. 
It  is  ICO  yards  wide  5  niilcs  from  its 
mouth,  which  is  57  miles  weflerly  of 
Nafliville;  and  is  boatable  90  miles. 

Duel  Creek  Cr-jfs  fioads,  or  S.il.Jliiiry,  a 
confiderable  and  thrivin;^  pofl:  town  in 
the  ftate  of  Delaware,  fitu;;ttd  on  Duck 
Creek,  which  in  part  divides  Kent  and 
Newcartle  counties.  It  coniaiiis  about 
100  houfts  in  one  ftroct,  and  carries  on  a 
confiderable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  and 
is  one  of  the  largeft  wheat  markets  in  the 
ftatc.  Here  is  an  Epifcopal  church.  It 
lies  12  miles  N  by  W  of  Dover,  and  36 
from  Wilmington,  and  has  a  port  ofTice. 

Dud  JJl^nJs,  called  th';  rcalditchs,  in  lake 
Ontario,  U.  Canada,  lie  between  Wolfe 
ifland  and  Point  Traverfe 

DHcktrap,  Maine,  now  Lin'uilh;  contain- 
ing 278  inliabitants.    Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Dudley,  a  town  in  Worcefter  co.  R^afTa- 
cliufetts,  containing  1 140  inhabitants.  It 
is  18  miles  fouthward  pf  Worcefter,  and 
60  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Dtilfivdl,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada, 
about  20  miles  N  E  of  Afcot,  having  about 
JO  inhabitants.  The  river  St.  Francis 
pafl'es  through  t!ie  fouthern  part  of  this 
town,  in  a  weflern  conrfc,  and  foon  after 
turns  N  W,  which  courfe  it  purfucs  till 
it  falls  Into  the  St,  Lawrence. 


D'^D'ins  Cre:k,  in  V.  Can  ida,  n;ns  into 
lake  Ontari',),  in  the  townil-.ii!  rCl'ickcr- 
ing,  F.  of  tlie  rivi  r  of  I'.afv  l^iilr.inri',  and 
is  remarkribie  for  the  quantity  ol  f.dmon 
v/hich  refort  to  it. 

DniJdy  a  nio\nitain  of  S,  .Anifrlc.i,  in  the 
ran;.;r  of  Parinia,  lat.  3  13  N.  It  is  a  vol- 
cano. 

Di/e'f  €■}.  in  Mifrifhufctf!?,  comp'-e- 
lunds  Martha's  Vineyard  I.  Cliabaquid- 
dick  I.  Noniaii';)  I.  and  llw;  Elizabttli  i(l- 
aiids  ;  (irii;\ttd  on  the  S  F  coafl  of  the 
ftatc.  'V\\r.  nunibtr  of  inliabitar.ts  '\^  3 1 18. 
They  f«.'nd  3  ic]irf;fenta(ive«,  and,  in  rop- 
junclion  withMuit  ck.'t  I.  i  I'tnator  to  t.'ic 
G'lur:'!  Court.  Tlu.fe  illand-i  are  ih  Ccrib- 
cd  fcp.irntcly      Chief  town,  Eri;;H!  .'en. 

Z)'/,v/i7>j-,  aport  of  entry,  and  [u.ft  to'.vri 
in  Virginia,  and  chief  town  of  I'.-Incc 
William  co.  It  lies  on  the  N  fide  of 
Q^iantico  crcek,.4  milc^  above  Its  enfancc 
into  the  rv>to\\  n^ack,  and  10  mili.s  from 
Colrheder.  Us  pnl)lic  idilices  are  a-n 
Epilcopal  ciuirch,  a  court  Iioufc  and  gaol. 
The  exports  from  this  port  for  one  vear 
ending  the  30t!i  of  Sept.  17941  amounted 
in  value  to  85,63.?  dollars.  It  lies  ■;"  nillis 
N  by  E  of  Frederickfjurg,  and  \?,$  S  W 
of  Phil.tdclph;:-.. 

Dii/'}i:r,  a  townfliip  iininbabiud  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliirc,  incorporated 
1773)  '''  ^'  of  '-i'^*-  Umbagog,  on  the  wa- 
ters of  Upper  Amonoofuck. 

Dommcrjloiuiu  a  townlliip  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  N  of  Braltlcborouoh,  con- 
taining 1692  inhabitants.  In  or  near  this 
town  flood  old  Fort  Dummer. 

Dunbarton,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborougli  CO. 
N.  Hampfliirc,  incorporated  in  1765,  and 
containing  1222  inhabitants;  9  miles  S  of 
Concord,  and  36  W  of  Portfmouth. 

Duncanjhoroiigb,  a  townlLip  of  Orleans 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of  lake  Mem- 
phremagog,  and  has  cC' inhabitants. 

Dunderherg,  in  Englifli,  'thunder  li'.l,  is 
on  the  W  fide  of  Hudfon  R.  ar  the  S  E 
entrance  of  the  Higli  Js,  cppnfite  Peek's 
Kill ;  and  is  remark. i.ile  for  its  echoes. 

D'tncard'' s  Bottom,  a  tradl  of  fine  lands  011 
the  E  fide  of  Cheat  R.  in  Virginia,  about 
22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  49  W  S  W 
from  Fort  Cumberland. 

Dundas  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  Is  bounded  on 
the  E  by  the  county  of  Stormont,  on  the 
S  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  I'le 
W  by  the  cafternmofl:  boundary  line  of 
the  late  townfliip  of  Edwardfourgh,  run- 
ning N  24  deg.  W,  .until  it  inttrftifls  the 
Ottawa  or  Grand  R.  thence  defccnding 
that  river  until  it  meets  the  N  weflern- 

moft 


'mA 


mr 


u 

A    ;* 


I 


DUR 

tnofl  boundary  of  the  county  of  Stormont. 
*i'!if  county  of  Duiul.is  coniprehtntls  all 
<lic  ifiauds  near  it  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence. The  boundaries  of  tliis  county 
Averc  tftabliflicd  by  pioclmiation,  the 
«6th  of  July,  1793.  It  lends  one  reprc- 
leniative  to  the  provincial  parliani«U. 

DunhariTs  I'oxvn.      See  Ephr^Ui, 

Dunkirk,  a  pofl  town  of  King  and  Qncen 
<o  Virginia,  ir6  miles  from  Walliingioii. 

Dunlope,  a  fort  on  the  W  bank  of  little 
Miama  R.  about  12  miles  abov.e  CoUup- 
bia,  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Du'ijiahle,  a  pod  town  in  Hillfborougli 
CO.  N.  Hampfliirc,  on  the  W  fide  of  Mer- 
rimacl:  R.  below  the  town  of  Merrimack, 
and  feparatcd  by  the  ftatc  line  from  Pep- 
^)erel  and  Dunftnbic,  in  MiddkTcx  co. 
Alallachufetts.  It  wa  incorporated  in 
J  746,  and  has  862  inhuLitanrs,  and  lies 
about  40  miles  N  W  of  Bo(toii. 

Dunjldblv,  a  townfliip  of  Manaclinfettj, 
in  the  northern  part  of  Middlefex  co.  and 
on  the  fouthern  bank  of  Merrimack  R. 
It  contains  485  inhabitants,  and  lies  37 
miles  N  wcftcrly  nf  Bofton. 

Diinivicb  To wiijhiji,  in  the  CO.  of  Suffolk, 
Jn  U.  Canada,  lies  <o  the  W  of  Southwold, 
having  tbe  river  Thames  for  its  N,  and 
lake  Erie  for  its  S  boundary.         Smyth. 

Dupage,  a  circular  lake  on  the  S  E  fide 
of  Plein  R.  or  rather  au  enlargement  of 
the  channel  of  that  river,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Pleiu  and  Thcakiki  there  form 
the  Illinois. 

Duptin  Co.  in  Wilmington  diftricSt,  N. 
Carolina,  is  bounded  E  by  Onflow,  and  S 
W  by  Sampfon.  The  number  of  inhab- 
itants is  6796,  of  whom  1864  are  flaves. 
The  greater  part  of  the  farmers  raife 
wheat  and  rice,  but  gencra:lly  eat  bread 
made  of  Indian  corn.  Cotton  and  fweet 
pntatoet  arc  raifed  in  condderable  quan- 
tities. The  court  houfe  13  55  miles  N  of 
■Wilmington,  566  from  Philadelphia. 

D:i  ^efne.  Fort.     See  fiitjburg. 

Durandy  an  uninhabited  townfliip  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliire. 

jD«»-<in^9,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Za- 
catecas,  and  audience  of  Guadalaxara,  in 
New  Spain,  10  leagues  from  Nombre  de 
Dios,  and  is  a  bifliop's  fee,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  feveral  rivers  which  render  it  con- 
venient for  trade. 

Durham,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland  co. 
Afaine,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Androfcog- 
gin  R.  which  feparates  it  from  Bowdoin 
on  the  N  F-.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1789,  contains  124a  inhabitants,  and  lies 
pt45  miles  N  eafterly  of  Bofton.  N  lat. 
43  IS- 


DUT 

Durham^  a  port  town  in  Strafl'ord  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  Oyftcr  R.  near  where  it 
joins  the  Pifcataqua  ;  12  miles  W  of 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  163.';, 
and  contains  1156  inhabitants.  It  was 
formerly  a  part  of  Dover,  which  adjoins  it 
on  the  N,aud  was  called  OvflerR.  On  the 
top  of  a  hill  in  this  town  is  a  rock,  c(im- 
puted  to  weigh  60  or  70  tons,  fo  cx.KtIy 
poiled  on  jinotlier  rock  aj  to  be  eallly 
moved  by  one's  linger^  Its  fituation  ap- 
pears to  be  natural. 

Dutham,  a  pod  town  in  New  Haven  co. 
Connciilicut,  iettlcd  from  Guildford  in 
1698,  and  incorporated  in  1708.  It  is 
about  22  miles  S  W  of  Hartford,  and  18 
miles  N  E  of  New  Haven.  It  was  called 
C.tglfigrhapuebv  tbe  Indians;  which  name 
a  fmall  river  "that  chiefly  rifes  here,  ftill 
bears.     It  has  1029'inhabitants. 

Durham,  A  townfliip  in  Bucks  co.  Penn- 
fyIvania,Jfc:iving  405  icbabit<ants. 

Durham  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Northumber- 
land ;  on  the  S  by  lake  Ontario,  until  it 
meets  the  wefteramoft  point  of  I..ong 
Beach,  thence  by  a  line  running  N,  \(fi 
W,  until  it  interfcdls  the  fouthern  boun- 
dary of  a  tradl  of  land  belonging  to  the 
Miflaflraga  Indians ;  and  thence  along  the 
faid  traift,  parallel  to  lake  Ontario,  until 
it  meets  the  N  wefternmofl  boutidary  qi 
the  county  of  Northumberland. 

Durlock,  Schoharie  co.  N.  York.  Here 
is  a  poft  ofHc<:,  449  miles  N  E  of  Waflir 
ington. 

Durot,  a  bav  on  the  N  fide  of  the  S. 
peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 

Dutchefs  Co.  in  N.  York,  is  on  the  E  fide 
of  Hudfon  R.  It  has  the  ftate  of  Connec- 
ticut on  the  E,  Weft  Chefter  on  the  S,  and 
Columbia  co.  on  the  N.  It  is  about  48 
miles  lung,  and  23  broad,  and  contains  15 
tpwnfliips,  of  which  Poaghkecplie  and 
Fifli  Kill  are  the  .chief.  It  contains 
47)775  inliabitants,  of  whom  1609  are  in 
fljivery.  Dutchcfs  co.  fends  7  reprefenta- 
tives  to  the  ?iflembly  of  the  ftate.  In  the 
year  1792,  a  remarkable  cavern  was  dif- 
covered  in  this  county,  at  a  place  called 
by  the  Indians  Sepafcot,  at  Rhynbeck. 
A  lad,  by  chance,  paffing  near  its  entrance, 
which  lies  between  two  huge  rocks,  on 
the  declivity  of  a  ftecp  hill,  on  prying  into 
the  gloomy  recefs,  faw  the  top  of  a  ladder, 
by  which  he  defcended  about  10  feet, 
and  found  himfcif  in  a  fubtcrraneous 
apartment,  more  capacious  than  he  chofe 
to  invcftigate.  He  found,  however,  that 
it  had  been  the  abode  of  pcrfons,  who 

probabl;^ 


probably  duri 
tcr  here,  as  hi 
leather  were  I 
finee  appears 
paflage  into 
being  about  i 
that  a  child  o 
walk  upright 
8  or  to  feet. 
14  feet  in  lenj 
broader  than 
caverns  in  the 
a  petrifying  qi 
is    conftantly 
roofs  of  its  ap 
ricty  of  tranfj 
titcs.     They  I; 
cles,  and  may 
if  not  more  t 
fercncc.     But 
is  the  (kelctnn 
into  fulid  fton 
of  the  water 
with  fome  did 
from  the  rock 
poflctrion  of  tl 
the  cavern.     . 
perienced   in 
cavern,  by  a  d 
the  candles  li 
Was  alfo  very 
Dutch  Ainci 
which  the  Se\ 
called  the  Ba 
the  continent 
called  Dutch 
pofleflluns  ha' 
Englifli.     Th£ 
belonging  to  t 
and  Curaflbu. 
near  St.  F.uftai 
and  Aruba  , 
Curaflou,  and 
ing  cattle  and 
^Dutch  Guiana 
N  by  the  Atla 
S  by  unexplo 
nia  ;    W  by  ( 
ment.     ft  lies 
tending  along 
of  Oronoko 
Thefe  fettlcm 
miral   Rodnc 
1780,  as  an  a 
the  Britifli  em 
dia  iflands. 
governments, 
Efl"cquebo,  an 
arctwodiftri(f 
A  number  of 


I 


BUT 


I>UT 


lirobably  during  the  war,  liad  taken  fliel- 
tcr  here,  as  hits  of  cloth,  and  pieces  of 
leather  were  icattered  about  its  Aoor.  It 
ftiice  appears  to  be  divided  by  a  narrow 
paflage  into  two  apartments  ;  the  firft 
being  about  1 7  feet  in  length,  and  fo  k)w 
that  a  child  of  8  years  old  could  but  ju(l 
walk  upright  in  it ;  the  breadth  is  about 
8  or  10  feet.  The  fecond  between  1 2  and 
14  feet  in  length,  but  much  hli^her  and 
broader  than  the  firll.  Ivikemany  other 
caverns  in  the  United  States,  it  poflefrcs 
a  petrifying  quality ;  and  the  water,  which 
is  conflantly  percolating  clirough  the 
roofs  of  its  apartments,  has  formed  a  va- 
riety of  tranlparcnt  and  bcautiiul  flalac- 
titcs.  Tliey  have  the  appearance  of  ici- 
cles, and  may  be  broken  off  by  the  hand, 
if  not  more  than  two  inches  in. circum- 
ference. But  what  is  mofl  to  be  admired, 
is  the  (kelctnn  of  a  large  fuakc,  turned 
into  folid  ftone  by  the  petrifying  q^uality 
of  the  water  btTorenitntioncd.  Ft  was 
with  fome  difliculty  torn  up  with  an  axe 
from  the  rock  it  lay  upon,  and  is  now  in 
pofleirion  of  t!»e  gentleman  who  explored 
the  cavern.  A  want  of  free  air  was  ex- 
perienced in  the  inmoll  reccflcs  of  the 
cavern,  by  a  difficult  rcfpiration,  though 
the  candles  burnt  very  clear.  The  air 
was  alfo  very  warm. 

Dutch  America.  TJie  only  pofleflion 
■which  the  Seven  United  Provinces,  now 
called  the  Hatavian  Republic,  retain  on 
the  continent  of  America,  is  the  province 
Called  Dutch  Guiana.  A  part  of  thcfe 
pofTedions  have  been  lately  taken  by  the 
Englifli.  The  ifland*^  in  the  W.  Indies 
belonging  to  tl»e  republic  are  St.  Euftatius 
and  CurafTou.  The  fmall  ifland  of  Saba, 
near  St.  Eudatius,  and  the  iflands  Bonaire 
and  Aruba  ;  which  are  appendages  to 
Curaflbu,  and  chiefly  improved  in  raif- 
ing  cattle  and  proviiions  for  that  ifland. 
^Ontch  Guiana,  in  S  America,  is  bounded 
N  by  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  E  by  Cayenne  ; 
S  by  unexplored  country  called  Amazo- 
nia ;  W  bjr  Oronoko,  a  Spanilb  fettlc- 
mcnt.  Ft  lies  between  5  and  7  N  lat.  ex- 
tending along  the  coafl  from  the  mouth 
of  Oronoko  R.  to  the  river  Marowyne. 
Thefe  fettlements  were  efteemed  by  ad- 
miral Rodney,  who  captured  them  in 
1780,  as  an  acquilition  of  more  value  to 
the  Britifli  empire,  than  all  their  W.  In- 
dia iflands.  It  is  divided  into  3  diftintit 
governments,  viz.  Surrinam,  Bcrbifch, 
EfTequebo,  and  Demarara.  The  two  lad 
are  two  diftrit^l.'s, formingonc  government. 
A  number  of  £iie  rivers  paf>  through  this 


province ;  the  chief  of  which  arc  ES'e' 
quclio,   Surrinam,  Denurara,    Ucrbifch.r 
and  Ciinya.     Elfcijucbo  is  ii  milts  wide 
at  itb  nuiuth,  :ind  iii  more  than  joo  milev 
in  length,     'i  he  others  are  navigable,  uad 
are  difi:ribed  under  their  ditTercnt  names. 
'J'he   chief    towns   are   Paramaribo  and 
.Scailiroeck.     In  the  months  of  Septem- 
ber, OiSlober,  and  November,  the  climate 
is  unhealthy,  particul-arly   to    flrangetF, 
I'he  common  difeafes  are  putrid  and  oth- 
er fevers,  the  dry  belly  ache,  and  the 
dropfy.     100  miles  back  from  the  fea, 
you  come  to  quite  a  difl'ercnt  foil,  a  hilly 
country,    a    pure,  dry,    wholefome   air, 
where  a  fire  i'omctimcs  would  not  be  dif- 
'  agreeable.     Along  the  feacoafV,tIie  water 
is  brackifli  and   unwholefome ;   the  air 
damp    and    lultry.      I'he    thermometer 
j  ranges  from   75  to  90  through  the  year. 
A  N  E  breeze  never  fails  to  blow  from 
about  9  o'clock  in   the  mnrnijig  through 
the  day   in  the  hottefl  fcaf'ons.     As  the 
d«ys  and  nights,  throughout  the  year,  arc 
\XTy  nearly  of  equal  length,  the  air  un 
never  become  extremely  lieated,  nor  the 
inhabitants  fo-greatly  incommoded  by  the 
hent,  as  thofe  who  live  at  a  grer'.ter  dif- 
tance  from  the  equator.      The   ftafons 
were   formerly    divided    regularly    into 
rainy  and  dry  ;  but  of  late  years  fomuciv 
dependence  cannot  be  placed  upon  them, 
owing  ptobably  to  the  country's  being 
more  cleared,  by  which  means  a  free  paf-^ 
fage  is  opened  for  the  air  and  vapours. 
The  water  of  the  lower  parts  of  the  riv- 
ers is  brackiih,  and  unfit  for  ufe;  and  the 
inhabitants  are  obliged  to  make  ufe  of 
rain  water,  which  is  here  uncommonly 
fweet  and  good.    About  70  miles  from 
the  fea,.ou  the  river  Surrinam,  is  a  village 
of  about  40  or  50  houics,  inhabited   by 
Jews.    This  village  and  the  towns  above- 
mentioned,  with  the  intervening  planta- 
tions, contain  all  the  inhabitants  in  thi» 
colony,  which  amount  to  3200  whites; 
and  43,000  flaves.     The  buildings  on  the 
plantations  are  many  of  them  codiy,  con- 
venient and  airy.     The  country  around  i» 
thinly  inhabited  with  the  native  Indians, 
a  harmlefs  friendly  fet  of  beings.     They 
are,  in  general,  lliort  of  (tature,  but  rc- 
ma.kahly  well  made,  of  a  light  copper 
colour,  ftraight  black  hair,  without  beards, 
high  cheek  bones,  and  broad  lliouiders- 
In  their  ears,  nofes,  and  hair,  the  women 
wear  ornaments  of  filver,  &c.     Both  men 
and  women  go  naked.     One  nation  or 
tribe  of  them  tie  the  lower  part  of  the 
leg  of  the  female  children,  when  youngs 

with 


m 


f 


w. 


1 


DUT 

Witli   a  cord  bound   very  tight  for   the 
hrtwJili    01'    6  inciicH   ahout    the  ancle, 
which  i-urd  ii  never  afterwards  taken  olT 
but  to  (n'.t  on  a  new  one  ;  by  which  means 
the  flelli,  which    lliouhl  olhcrwil'e  ;5row 
iin  tliat  p-.'.rt  of  the  lej^,,  increalts  the  calf 
to  a  great  lize,  and  lea^'cs  tlie  bone  hdow 
nearly  bare.     Tins,  though  it  niuft  rentier 
them  very  weak,  is    reckoned    a   great  I 
beavity  by   theni.     The  Ian^;\iaj;e  of  the  ] 
Itidi:ins  apju'ars    to   be  very   (oft.     They 
arc  mortal  enemies  to  every  kind  of  la- 
bimr  ;    but   neverthtlefs.  niannfa(5tnre  a 
few   articles,   inch   as  very    line    cotton 
hammocks,  eartlun  water  pois,  balkets,  a 
red  or  yellow  dye  called   Roucau,  and 
Ibmc  other  trifles,  all  of  which  they  bring 
to  town  and  exchange  for  Inch  articles  as 
they  fland  in  need  of.     They  paint  ihem- 
fclves  red,  and  lome  are  cunoully  figured 
with   black.     'I'heir  food  eonfifts   chiefly 
of  hib  and  crabs  and   caflava,  of  which 
they  plant  great  quantities,  and   this  is 
almuft  the  only  produce  they  attend  to. 
They  cannot  be   laid    to   be  abloluttly 
vauilering  tribes,   but    their   huts   being 
merely  a  few  crofs   flicks,  covered  witli 
branches,  lb  as  to  defend  them  from  the 
rain  and  fun,  they  frequently  quit  their 
habitations,  if  they  fee  occafion,  and  tf- 
tablifli  them  elfcwhere.      They  do  not 
fliun  the  whites,  and  have  been  fcrvicea- 
ble   againft  the  runaway  negroes.      On 
«ach  fide  of  the  rivers  and  creeks  arc  fit- 
uated  the  plantations,  containing   from 
500  to  2000  acres  each,  in  nuniber  about 
^50  in  the  whole  colony,  producing  at 
prefcnt  annually  about  16,000  hhds.  of 
fugar,  12,000,000  lb.  coffee,  700,000  lb. 
cocoa,  850,000  lb.  cotton  :  All  which  ar- 
ticles (cotton  excepted)  have  fallen  off 
-within  15  years,  at  lead  one  third,  owing 
to  bad  management,  both  here  and  in 
Holland,  and  to  other  caufes.     Of  the 
proprietors  ofthefe  plantations,  not  above 
80  refide  here.     In  the  woods  are  found 
many  kinds  of  good  and  durable  timber, 
and  fome  wood*  for  ornamental  purpofes, 
particularly  a  kind  of  mahogany  called 
copic.     The  foil  is  perhaps  as  rich  and  as 
luxuriant  as  any  in  the  world  ;  it  is  gen- 
erally a  rich,  fat,  clayey  earth,  lying  in 
fome  places  above  the  level  of  the  rivers 
at  high  water  (which  rifes  about  8  feet) 
and  in  mo(t  places  below  it.     Whenever 
from  a  continued  courfe  of  cultivation  for 
many  years,  a  piece  of  lantl  becomes  im- 
poveriflied    (for  manure  is  not  known 
here)  it  is  laid  under  water  for  a  certain 
number  of  years,  and  thereby  regains  its 


t)Uf 

fertility,  rmd  in  the  mean  time  a  new  pitv  ;> 
(if  wood   land   is    chared.     This  coiii'.try 
has    never   cxperieiictd    thofe    dreadful 
fc(nir;;ei   of  the    W.  Indies,   hur.icanes  ; 
and  droughts  from  the  lowncfs   rff  the 
1  ind,  it  has  not  to  fear  ;  nor  has  I h7  prod- 
uce ever  been  dedroytd  by  infeOV*  or  by 
the  btufj.     In  Ibort,  this  colony, by  jjropcr 
tnanngemrrit,  mi^ht  become  equal  to  Ja- 
muica  or  nny  other.     Land  is  not  w.mt- 
iug;  it  is  lincly  interfctfled  by  noble  liv- 
ers, and  abundant  creeks;  the  foil   is  «)f 
tiie  bell  kind,  it  is  well  fituatcd,  and  the 
climate    is    not    very   unhealthy,  and    is 
crowing  better,  and  will   continue  fo  to 
do  the  more  the  country  is  cleared  of  it* 
woods,  and  cultivated.  The  riv.rs  abound 
with   fifli,  fome  of  which   are  good ;  at 
certain  ftafons  of  the  year  there  is  plenty 
of  turtle.    '1  he  woods  abound  with  plenty 
of  djcr,  hares,  and  rabbits,  a  kind  of  buf- 
faloe,  and  two  fpecits  of  wild  hogs,  one 
of  which  (the  peccary)  is  remarkable  for 
having  foniething  like  its   navtl  on  the 
bark.     Tl     woods  are  infcftcd  with  fev- 
cr.il  fpeclcs  of  tygtrs,  but  with  no  other 
ravenous   or  dangerous    animals,      'i'hc 
rivers  are  rendered  dangerous  by  alliga- 
tors from  .1  to  7  feet  long,  and  a  man  was 
a  fliort  time  fince  cruflied  bLtwten   the 
jaws  of  a  fifli,  but  Its  mime  is  not  known. 
Scorpions  and  tarantulas  are  found  here 
of  a  large  fize  and  great  venom,  and  other 
infetSls  without  number,  fome  of  them 
very  dangerous   and  troublefome.    Thu 
torporific  eel  alfo,  the  touch  of  which,  by 
means  of  the  bare  hand  or  any  condudtor, 
has  the  efTcdl  of  a  ftrong  elci^rical  flioek. 
Serpents  alfo,  fome  of  which  arc  venom- 
ous, and  others,  as  has  been  afferted  by 
many  cr'fdiblc  perfon8,arefrom  aj  to  jO 
feet  long.     In   the  woods   are  monkeys, 
the  floth,  and  parrots  in  all  their  varie- 
ties ;  alfo  fome  birds  of  beautiful  plum- 
age, among  others  the  flamingo,  but  few 
or  no  Tinging  birds.     The  river  Surinam 
is  guarded  by  a  fort  and  two  redoubts  at 
the  entranc",  and  a  fort  at  Paramaribo, 
but  none  of  them  of  any  ftrcngth,  fo  that 
one  or  two  frigates  would  be  i'ufficient  to 
make  themfelves  maflcrs  of  the  whole  col- 
ony ;  and  never  was  there  a  people  who 
more  ardently  wiflied    for  a  change  of 
government  than  the  inhabitants  of  this 
colony.     The  interior  government  eon- 
fifts of  a  governor  and  a  fupreme  and  in- 
ferior council ;  the  members  of  the  latter 
are  chofen  by  the  governor  from  a  dou- 
ble nomination  of  the  principal  inhabit- 
ants, and  thofe  of  the  former  in  the  fame 

manner. 


manner.  Bv 
iftrate  prefidi 
julticc  is  exe( 
neceflary  for 
the  colony ;  1 
public  nature 
and  require  r 
court.  The  ^ 
■bout  1600  r 
diredlors.  T 
a  corps  of  al 
by  the  court  t 
of  chafTcurs, 
court  thinks  1 
crs  from  tim 
pods  (ylaced  a 
don,  furrounc 
fide,  in  order, 
the  diftant  pi; 
general  from 
gcrous  bands 
from  very  fu 
the  natural  p 
and  the  conti 
fives,  arrived 
cod  the  count 
and  much  lofi 
to  do  thefe  n( 
This  colony 
French  as  eai 
and  was  aban 
of  its  unheal 
1650  it  was  ta 
and  in  i66z  ; 
Charles  11.  i 
fiderably  augi 
a  number  of , 
out  of  Cayeni 
defcendauts  ( 
at  prefcnt  on( 
ants  of  the  co 

Erivileges.  Ii 
•uteh,  and  t 
felGon  about 
Dutch  colony 
tained  its  con 
mod  of  them 
their  (laves  b« 
is  dill  Englidi 
be  under dooe 
At  prefent  thi 
•f  the  Britidi. 

Dutchman's  . 
Vermont  fide 
16  miles  S  of  t 
idi  held  a  doc 
by  6  fuldiers, 
has  fince  been 
States. 

Duxborough, 

Tot.  I. 


DUX 

manner.  By  there  poweri,  and  by  a  maj- 
iftrate  prefiding  over  all  criminal  a&'airi, 
julticc  it  executed  and  laws  <ire  cnai5lcd 
neceflary  for  the  interior  government  of 
the  colony ;  thofe  of  a  more  general  and 
public  nature  are  enadled  by  the  diredlort, 
and  require  no  approbation  here  by  the 
court.  The  colony  is  guarded  farther  by 
■bout  1600  regular  troops,  paid  by  tiie 
dirciSlora.  Thefe  troops,  together  with 
a  corps  of  about  150  free  ncgroet,  paid 
by  the  court  here,  and  another  fmall  corps 
of  chaiTcurt,  and  fo  many  flavei  as  the 
court  thinks  fit  to  order  from  the  plant- 
crs  from  time  to  time,  are  difperfcd  at 
pofls  (.laced  at  proper  difUnces  on  a  Cor- 
don, furrouuding  the  colony  on  the  land 
fide,  in  order,  as  far  as  poflible,  to  defend 
the  diftant  plantations  and  the  colony  in 
general  from  the  attacks  of  I'evcral  dan- 
gerous bands  of  runaway  flavcs,  which 
from  very  fmall  beginnings  have,  from 
the  natural  prolificacy  of  the  negro  race, 
and  the  continual  addition  of  frcfh  fugi- 
tives, arrived  at  fuch  an  height  as  to  have 
cod  the  country  very  great  fums  of  money 
■nd  much  lofs  of  men,  without  being  able 
to  do  thefe  negroes  any  eflfcAual  injury. 
This  colony  vras  firfl  polleflcd  by  the 
French  as  early  as  the  year  1630  or  40, 
and  was  abandoned  by  them  on  account 
of  its  unhealthy  climate.  In  the  year 
i6jo  it  was  taken  up  by/ome  Englifhnien^ 
and  in  i66i  a  charter  was  granted  by 
Charles  11.  Altout  this  time  it  was  con- 
fiderably  augmented  by  the  fettlement  of 
a  number  of  Jews,  who  had  been  driven 
out  of  Cayenne  and  the  Brazils,  whofe 
defcendauts  (with  other  Jews)  compofe 
at  prefcnt  one  half  of  the  white  inhabit- 
ants of  the  colony,  and  are  allowed  great 
Erivilegcs.  In  1067  it  was  taken  by  the 
lutch,  and  the  Englifla  having  got  pof- 
fefBon  about  the  fame  time  of  the  then 
Dutch  colony  of  N.  York,  each  party  re' 
tained  its  conqueft,  the  Engliflt  planters 
mod  of  them  retired  to  Jamaica,  leaving 
their  tiaves  behind  them,  whofe  language 
is  (bll  Englifli,  but  fo  corrupted  as  not  to 
be  underllood  at  firfl  by  an  Englifliman. 
At  prefent  this  colony  is  in  the  poflenion 
•f  the  Britifli. 

Dutchman's  Ptint,  a  point  of  land  on  the 
Vermont  fide  of  lake  Champlain,  about 
16  miles  S  of  the  Canada  line.  The  Brit- 
ifli  held  a  (lockaded  hut  heie,  garrifuned 
by  6  foldiers,  after  the  peace  of  178.^.  It 
has  lince  been  delivered  up  to  the  United 
States. 

Duxboreush,  a  maritime  and  poft  town 
V&t.  I.  u 


EAS 

in  Plymouth  co.  Maflachufctts,  incorpo* 
^atedin  1637.  Twenty  vefTcIs,  the  greater 
part  from  60  to  90  tuns,  arc  owned  here, 
it  is  a  healthy  town,  and  contains  1664 
inhabitants.  It  lies  N  by  W  ot  Plymouth, 
3  miles  acrofft  Plymouth  bay  by  water, 
and  8  round  bv  land,  and  3S  S  E  by  S  of 
Bofton.  Within  the  harbour  are  Clarke's 
I.  confiding  of  about  100  acres  of  excel- 
lent land,  and  Sauquifh  I.  which  was  for- 
merly joined  to  the  Ournct,  by  a  narrow 
piece  of  fand ;  but  the  water  has  infulat- 
ed  it.  The  Gurnet  is  an  eminence  at  the 
fouthern  extremity  of  the  beach,  on  which 
is  a  light  houfe  built  by  the  ftate.  The 
Indian  name  of  the  town  was  Mattakee- 
fet,  or  Namakeefet.  It  was  fettled  by 
Capt.  StandiOi  and  his  afiiiciatcs.  The 
captain  (the  military  commander  of  the 
colony)  came  to  Plymouth  with  the  firfl 
fettlers  in  1630.  A  hill  in  the  town  is  now 
called  the  Captain's  Hill. 

DitxBury,  a  townlhip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  about  30  miles  S  £  of  Burling- 
ton, and  contains  153  iuhubitautSi 


uZiASL,  A  townfliip  in  Lancaficr  co. 
Pennfylvania,  and  has  3669  inhabitants. 

EuJianaUtt,  the  N  E  head  branch  of  Al- 
abama R.  in  Georgia,  on  which  Hands  the 
town  of  Eaflaaallce. 

EaJI  Andover,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
90  miles  N  W  «f  Portland,  having  tjs 
inhabitants. 

Eaft  Bay,  u  an  artn  of  lake  Champlain, 
which  from  its  S  point  projedts  eaflward. 

EaJI  BctNehem,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  1461  inhabitants. 

EaJ)  Camp,  a  village  of  N.  York,  in  Co- 
lumbia CO.  on  the  £  bank  of  the  Hudfoit, 
7  miles  above  Red  Hook,  13  N  of  N.  York. 

Eaf  Chefler,  a  townfliip  in  Weft  Cheftcr 
CO.  N.  York,  on  Long  L  found,  about  8 
miles  S  W  of  Rye,  5  northerly  of  Weft 
Cheflcr,  ?nd  17  N  £  of  N.  York.  It  con- 
tains 738  inhabitants. 

Enfer,  an  iilc  in  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  S 
lat.  27  II,  W  Ion.  lit  55.  It  is  barrca, 
and  has  no  frefh  water,  except  in  the  cra- 
ter of  an  cxtinguiflied  volcano.  The  na- 
tives are  fometimss  driven  to  the  iieceillty 
of  drinking  fca  water.  They  are  about 
2000  fouls,  a  thievifli,  lewd  race  of  mor- 
tals. Their  foil  is  fertile ;  yams,  pota- 
toes, bananas,  are  their  principal  fupport. 
They  live  in  fmall  communities,  each 
party  occupying  one  common  habitation, 
difro^arding  the  laws  of  cbaftlty,  and  the 

Solemnity 


:,:| 


■  ii  11 


EAS 

Ibfi^nUy  of  the  marriage  rite.  One  of 
thefe  dwellings,  which  ha»  been  mcalurcd, 
is  3 to  feet  long,  lo  wide,  and  lo  high. 
The  roof  being  fuppurtcd  by  pillars  uf 
Java,  the  only  kind  of  Aones  in  the  ifland. 

Eaflern  J)iJlriH,  Tie,  in  U.  Canada,  was 
originally  conftituted  and  eretftcd  into  a 
diftridt,  by  the  name  of  the  diflriA  of 
Lunenburgh,  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
by  Lord  Dorchcfter's  proclamation  of  the 
a4th  Juhr,  ;788;  and  was  taken  princi- 
pally o(r  the  W  end  of  Montreal.  It  re- 
ceived its  prcfcnt  name  by  un  adt  of  the 
provincial  legiHature :  it  is  bounded  cad- 
crly  by  the  province  of  Lower  Canada  ; 
fouiherly  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence  ; 
northerly  by  the  Ottawa  river ;  and.  weft- 
erly  by  a  meridian  palGng  through  the 
mouth  of  the  Gananoijue  ft.  in  the  town^ 
fliip  of  Leeds.  Smyth, 

Etijlirn  IJland,  on  the  F,  fide  of  Chtfa- 
peak  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Cheftcr  R. 

Eafitrn  PrtcinB,  in  Somerfet  co.  N.  Jer- 
£sy,  contained,  in  1790,  ao68  inhabitanlA, 
of  whom  468  were  Haves. 

Eaflern  River,  a  fettl'  ment  in  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  containing,  in  1790,  240  i/^- 
habitants. 

EtiJSerton,  a  village  in  Dauphin  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  Sufquehanna  R. 
4  miles  N  by  W  of  Harrilburg,  and  in 
N  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

E,ift  Florida.     See  Florida. 

Eajl  Green-wich,  a  port  town,  and  the 
chief  town<T)ip  in  Kent  co.  Rhode  Illand; 
16  miles  S  of  Providence,  and  aa  N  N  W 
of  Newport,  and  contains  1775  inhabit- 
ants. The  eompadt  part,  called  Green- 
wich town,  has  a  number  of  dwelling 
houfes,  a  meeting  houfe,  and  handfome 
court  houfe;  and-,  although  its  commerce 
is  greatly  reduced,  carries  on  the  fiflieries 
to  advantage,  and  lends  fome  veflcls  to  the 
W.  Indies.  It  is  fituated  on  the  N  W  part 
of  Narraganfet  bay.  Both  this  town  and 
Warwick  are  noted  for  making  good  ci- 
der ;  and  formerly  for  raifing  tobacco  for 
exportation. 

irt/? //iiiA/aw,a  port  town  in  Middlcfex  CO. 
Conne(Slicut,  on  the  E  fideof  Connedticitt 
R.  oppofite  to  Haddam,  of  which  it  was 
formerly  a  part.  It  was  fettled  in  1704, 
and  lies  14  miles  fouthw<*rdly  of  Middle- 
ton,  2 1  miles  N  W  of  N.  London,  and  has 
a8o5  inhabitants. 

Eaflham,  a  port  town  in  Barnftable  co. 

Manachufetts,  6  miles  long,  and  2^  wide. 

-It  is  on  the  peninfula  of  Cape  Cod  between 

Orleans  and  Wellfleet.     Its  diftance  from 

S«(loQ  by  ihc  read  is  94  miles,  and  in  a 


EA« 

flraight  line  68.  Above  1000  buflicis  V 
corn  arc  annually  fcnt  to  market  front 
this  town.  Five  and  twenty  years  ago  a 
threefold  quantity  was  exported.  'Ihe 
forcAs  haviitg  been  cut  down,  the  wind 
has  made  a  large  part  of  the  townlliip 
like  a  dcfert  of  fand,  but  enclofures  and 
I. each  gra(ii  promife  to  prcfcrve  the  fer- 
tile grounds.  There  are  659  inhabitants 
in  laa  families,  inhabiting  99  dwelling 
houfes,  only  7  uf  which  arc  2  (lories  high. 
At  the  didance  of  a  mile  a  light  houfe 
was  ercifted  on  tJte  high  lands  of  Cape 
Cod,  it>  1798.  The  town  contains  a 
meeting  houfe,  which  was  lately  enlarged 
and  repaired,  and  2  fchool  houfes.  Here 
and  at  Orleans  the  Naufet  Indians  for- 
merlydwelt.    Lat,  41  51  N,lon,6956  W. 

Eiijl  Ham/tlon,  a  townlliip  in  HampHiire 
CO.  Maflachiifctts,  6  miles  S  of  Northamp- 
ton, and  loj  W  by  S  of  Bofton,  U  con- 
tains 586  inhabitants,  and  is  divided  from 
the  W  bank  of  Conncdticut  R.  by  the 
celd>rated  mountain  called  Mount  Tom. 

Eajl  Hampton,  a  handfome  town  in  Suf- 
follcco.  N.  York,  on  the  S  E  coaft  of  Long 
Iflind,  I  a  miles  E  N  E  of  South  Hampton, 
and  105  E  of  N.  York  city.  It  has  a 
Prefbyterian  church,  an-  academy,  and 
about  80  dw(  "ing  houfes  ia  one  (Ircct. 
The  townfliip  contains  1549  inhabitants. 
Gardner's  Idand  is  annexed  to  this  town. 

Eajl  Hartford,  in  Hartford  co.  Connec- 
ticut, lies  on  th'-  E  bank  of  ConnedVicut 
R.  oppofite  to  Hartford.  The  compacSt 
part  of  it  lies  in  one  broad  Itreet  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length.  Here  are  a  number 
of  mills  on  the  difFerent  ftreams  which 
water  tli'-  town  ;  alfo  iron  and  glats 
works.'    It  has  30^7  inhabitants. 

Eafl  Haven,  a  t.i.ciifliip  in  New  Haven 
CO.  ConucvSbicuty  on  the  E-  fide  of  New 
Haven  harbour.  There  is  a  fort  a  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  bay  oppofite 
Smith's  poiiu  to  defend  tlie  paflage.  The 
Scotch  Captain  and  other  fmall  iflots  and 
rocks  lie  on  the  S  fliore.  It  has  1004  in- 
habitants. 

Eaf  Haven,  a  townfliip  in  EiTex  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Maidftonc,  11  miles  :>  E  of 
the  fouthern  end  of  Willoughby's  lake, 
and  18  N  by  W  of  the  upper  bar  of  the 
ij  mife  falls  on  ConnetSticut  R. 

Eaf  Kinzflon,  in  Rt)ckingham  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  a  part  of  Kingftoii ;  which 
fee.     It  contains  39a  inhabitants. 

Eaji  Main,  is  that  part  of  New  Britain, 
or  Labrador,  in  N.  America,  which  lies 
on  the  E  fide  of  James  bay  ;  as  part  of 
New  ^outb  Wales  on  the  VV  fide  of  the 

fatore 


fume  bay  is 

fon  biy  fa»f 

ated  on  tiie 

Rupertand 

run  weftwai 

F.iijlan,  a  p 

rnpitalofN 

uated  at  the 

on  the  W  fi( 

ulariy  htid  o 

compaa  I. 

Iioiifc,  rcgifl 

and  1045  in 

£  of  Bsthleh 

pin'a. 

EaJloH,  the 

hot  CO.  Mary 

Court  Houfe 

peak  bay,  n( 

R.  la  miles  f 

tank  R.     It  \ 

and  market  I 

houfes,  and  I 

of  the  adjace 

wcfterly  of  V 

Town,  and  i] 

Eajlon,  a  tc 

N.  York.     It 

Eaff'i,  cr-£ 

ant  for  its  iro 

Briftol  CO.  Ma 

KaynhamR.  6 

12  Wof  Brid 

inhabitants. 

are  made  herJ 

was  introduce] 

ard,  in  1786. 

and  is  cheapej 

equal   in  quail 

plough  fharesf 

quire  large  qil 

for  edge  toolsl 

of  inferior  quf 

The  manufad 

here  in  1792,! 

of  3000  buflij 

annually  proJ 

oil. 

Eajlon  s  Bei\ 
ern  end  of  R| 
Eajloivii,  in 
the  K  bank  o] 
eafterly  part 
bridge  E ;  con 

Eafiport,  a. 
Maine.    ThisI 
cape   of  Pad 
mouth  of  Kc 
motefl  incorfj 
Cttftern  bounc 


EAS 

fj«me  hay  is  called  Wejl  Main,  The  Hud- 
fon  biy  faiflory  called  Eaft  Main,  is  fitu- 
Atcd  on  the  S  part  of  Had  Main,  between 
Rupert- and  siadc  rivers,  both  of  which 
run  weftward  into  James  bay. 

Eiijion,  a  pofVtowu  «)f  Pcnnlylvania,  and 
cnpital  of  Northampton  CO.  pfctfantly  fit- 
uatcd  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lehigh  ;  and 
on  the  W  fide  of  Delaware  R.  It  is  reg- 
ularly liid  out,  and  contains  about  150 
compa(5l  d  clling  houfes,  a  church,  court 
houfe,  regifler'^  oflice,  and  an  academy, 
and  1045  inhabitants.  It  is  12  mtles  N 
£  of  Bethlehctn,  and  70  N  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Eajlon,  the  chief  and  port  town  of  Tal- 
bot CO.  Maryland,  formerly  called  'i'albot 
Court  Houfc,  is  on  the  £  fide  of  Chcfa- 
peak  bay,  near  the  forks  of  Treadhaven 
R.  12  miles  from  its  jundlion  with  Chop- 
tank  R.  It  has  a  handfome  court  houfe, 
and  matket  houfe  ;  about  ijo  dwelling 
houfes,  and  feveral  florcs  for  the  fupply 
of  the  adjacent  country.  It  is  5  miles  S 
weftcrly  of  Williamfburg,  37  S  of  Cheftt.* 
Town,  and  118  SW  of  Philadelphia. 

EaJloHf  a.  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York.     It  has  3069  inhabitants. 

Eaf^"t.  cr  ■EitJIoivn,  a  port  town,  import- 
ant for  its  iron  manufatSlures,  fituated  in 
Briftol  CO.  MaOachufetts,  near  the  head  of 
KaynhanvR.6mHesNWof  RaynhHm,and 
la  W  of  Bridgewater.  It  contains  1550 
inhabitants.  The  beft  milLfaws  in  the  (late 
are  made  here.  The  art  of  making  (lecl 
was  introduced  here  by  Capt.  £liph. Leon- 
ard, in  1786.  It  is  made  in  quantities; 
and  is  cheaper  than  imported  (letl,  and 
equal  in  quality  for  large  work,  I'uch  as 
plough  fhares,  horfe  (hoes,  &c.  which  re- 
quire large  quantities  of  hard  Acei.  But 
for  edge  tools,  in  general,  it  is  found  to  be 
of  inferior  quality  to  -what  is  imported. 
The  manufadturc  of  Linfeed  oil  began 
here  in  1792,  and  from  an  annual  (lock 
of  3000  bufliels  of  feed,  there  has  been 
annually  produced  near  5000  gallons  of 
oil. 

Eajlons  Beach  and  Bay,  He  at  the  fouch- 
ern  end  of  Rhode  Ifland. 

Etijloivii, in  Wafliington  CO.  N.York,  on 
the  E  bank  of  Hudlon  R.  formerly  the 
caAerly  part  of  Saratoga,  and  has  Cam- 
bridge £  ;  containing  ,^072  inhabitants. 

Eajlport,  a  port  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
Maine.  This  townfliip  forms  the  wcftern 
cape  of  PaiTamaquoddy  bay,  and  the 
mouth  of  Kobbelkook  R.  It  is  the  re- 
niotefl  incorporated  townfliip  on  the 
eu(lei:n  boundary  of  Maine,  aud  of  the 


EDE 

Unitctl  States.  Quoddy  Head  makei  % 
part  of  the  towu(hip,  brlutcn  which  and 
Campo  Bcllo  Ifland  is  what  is  railed  the 
Weft  Pi»fl"age.  It  lies  888  miles  N  E  from 
Wafliington,  and  about  20  R  of  Machias. 

EnJI  R.  in  the  flate  of  N  York,  and  the 
waters  of  North  or  Hudfon  R.  form  York 
I.  The  communication  between  North 
R.  and  Long  (.  found  is  by  i^afl  R.  along 
the  caftern  (ide  of  N.  York  ifland. 

EiiJ},  or  Neilb  Haven,  or  ^inef)aiir;r  R. 
in  Connetflicut,  riles  in  Souihington,  not 
far  from  a  bend  in  Farmington  R.  and 
pafling  through  Wallingford  and  North 
Haven, empties  into  New  Haven  harbour. 
It  has  been  contemplated  to  conneifl  the 
fouice  of  this  river  with   Farmington  R. 

Eajl  Taten,  in  Chcfter  co.  Pennlylvania, 
has  444  inhabitants. 

EiiJ}  JVhitetiiml,  9.  townfliip  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  642  inhabitants. 

£<ijl  IVini/Jbr,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford 
CO.  Conncdlieut ;  feparated  from  Windfor 
by  Conncdlieut  R.  and  about  7  milts  N 
E  of  Hartford.  The  conipadl  part  of  the 
town  lies  on  one  broad  ftreet  of  about  % 
miles  in  length.  In  the  townfliip  are  3 
Congregational  churches.  The  lands  are 
fertile  ;  andbcfide  thole  articles  common 
to  the  (late,  produce  large  quantities  of 
good  tobacco.     It  has  2766  inhabitants. 

Eaton,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  E  of 
Afcot,  adjoining,  having  400  inhabitants. 
A  fouthern  branch  of  St.  Francis  R.  palTcs 
through  this  town. 

Eaton,  a  town  in  the  northern  :part  of 
Strafford  co.  N.  Hampfliire  ;  3  miles  N  of 
the  Great  OlTipee  lake,  and  about  56  N  by 
W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1766,  and  contains  381  inhabitants. 

£iilonto^vn,  improperly  called  Edentown, 
a  pleafant  village  in  N.  Jerfey,  about  a 
mile  S  of  the  town  of  Shrewlbury,  in  the 
fame  townfliip.  It  is  a  place  of  fome 
bufinefs  and  thriving. 

Eienfzer,  the  capital  of  Efiingham  co. 
Georgia,  feated  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Sa- 
vannah R.  5  miles  from  Abercorn,  25  N 
N  W  of  Savannah,  75  S  E  of  Louifville, 
and  860  S  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  con- 
tains but  a  few  houfes,  lefs  than  a  dozen, 
going  to  decay ;  and  a  decent  brick 
church.  It  was  fettled  in  1735,  by  a 
number  of  Proteftants  driven  out  of  Saltf- 
burg,  in  the  Eledlorate  of  Bavaria,  by  per- 
fecution. 

EddyuiUe,  a  poft  town,  Livingfton  ca 
Kentucky,  821  miles  W  by  Sfrom  Waflir 
ington. 

Eden^  a  pod  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine:, 

incorpoxatcj} 


i 

f- 

1 

m 


•  i« 


«  r 


KDG 


EEL 


incorporated  in  1796,  taken  from  the 
northerly  part  of  Mount  Defert.  Thi» 
ifland  it  764  milei  eadcrly  from  Wa(h- 
ingtnn. 

Edei\  a  towndiip  in  Orleani  co.  Ver- 
mont, N  W  of  Craftfbury,  adjoining. 

RJentan,  a  diflrit^  on  the  fcacoafl  of  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  (late  of  Vir- 

Sinia ;  E  by  the  ocean  ;  W  by  Halifax 
iftritft,  and  3  by  Ncwbcrn.  It  is  fubdi- 
vidcd  into  9  countica,  viz.  Chowan,  I'af- 
quotHnk,  Perquimins,  Gate*,  Hertford, 
Bcrti.'.  and  Tyrrcl.  It  contains  5<i,986 
inhabitants,  ot  whom  li)6,ia  are  Haves. 
Its  chief  town  in  Mdenton.  The  wood  is 
chiefly  pine,  oak,  cyprcfs,  and  juniper  ; 
of  all  which  there  is  abundance.  The 
lands  in  this  diQritfl  are  level,  rich,  and 
remarkably  will  watered.  Almod  h«lf 
the  inhabitants  are  in  flavcry. 

EdentoHt  the  capital  of  the  above  didridk, 
is  a  pod  town  and  port  of  entry,  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  on  the  N  fide  of  Albemarle 
found,  and  at  the  N  E  fide  of  the  opening 
of  Chowan  R.  It  contains  above  150  in- 
diflferent  wooden  buildings,  a  few  hand- 
fome  ones,  and  ijo^inhabitants,  of  whom 
913  are  (laves.  The  public  buildings  are 
an  ancient  brick  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court  houfe  and  gaol.  In  or  near  the 
town  lived  the  proprietary,  and  the  fir(l 
Of  the  royal  governors.  Its  fituation  is 
advantageous  for  trade,  but  unhealthy  j 
which  dOubtlefs  has  tended  to  retard  Us 
profperity.  Its  exports  in  the  year  end- 
ing Sept. '30, 1794,  amounted  to  the  value 
of  50,646  dolls.  It  is  97  miles  N  of  New- 
bern,  457  N  N  E  of  Wilmington,  139  S  E 
of  Peteriburgh,  and  440  S  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia.   N  lat.  36  6,  W  Ion.  77  !»• 

Edtiyfiatvn,  a  platiiation  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  W  fide  Of  Penobfcot  R. 

Edgartm^  a  port  of  entry  and  pod  town 
of  MalTHchufccts,  and  the  chief  town  of 
Duke's  CO.  iit'.iatcd  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  The  fertile 
ifland  of  Chabaquidick  is  within  the  ju- 
rifdidlion  of  Edgarton  ;  which  has  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  exports  in 
1 794,  for  one  year  ending  September  30th, 
amounted  to  1157  dollars  value.  It  lies 
about  14  miles  S  of  Burndable  county,  on 
the  main,  and  100  miles  S  S  E  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  i67i,and  contains 
I  a  16  inhabitants. 

Edgcomb,  formerly  Freetown,  a  townfliip 
in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  £  S  F.  of  Wifcaflct, 
adjoining,  containing  989  inhabitants.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  aud  lies  180 
aule*  N  by  £  of  Bofton, 


Edgtml,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftridt, 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  S  by  Pitt  co.  S  W 
by  Wayne  co.  and  Tar  R.  which  alTordi 
it  communication  with  fcveral  counties  in 
the  ftate ;  W  by  Na(h  co.  and  £  by  Mar- 
tin  and  Halifax  counties.  It  contains 
9898  inhabitantH.ofwhom  3580  are  flavcs. 

EdgtfieUtVn\\{\n'!X  in  S.  Carolina,  bound- 
ed N  by  Saluda  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Newbury  didriift ;  S  W  by  Savannah  R. 
which  feparatcs  it  from  the  Aale  of  Geor- 
gia ;  W  by  Abbeville.  The  ridge  of  ele- 
vated land,  which  divides  the  waters  of 
Saluda  from  thofc  of  Savannah  R.  paflcs 
nearly  through  the  middle  of  the  county. 
Hdgcneld  dillridl  it  about  44  miles  long, 
and  44  broad. 

EdgrfM  Court  Houfe,  in  the  above  dlf- 
tritSt,  where  is  a  poA  ofHce,  is  ao  mile* 
from  Abbeville  court  houfe  ;  35  from 
Auguda,  and  60  from  Columbia. 

Ed»tmont,  a  town(hip  in  Delaware  co, 
Pennl'yivania,  has  509  inhabitants. 

Edijio,  or  i't/z/oM,  a  navigable  river  in  S. 
Carolina,  which  rifea  in  two  branches 
from  a  remarkable  ridge  in  the  interior 
part  of  the  date.  Thcfe  branches  unite 
below  Orangeburgh,  which  dands  on  the 
N  fork,  and  form  Edido  river,  which, 
having  pafTed  Jackfooburg,  leaving  it  on 
the  S,  branches  and  embraces  Edido,  and 
feveral  fmallcr  ifles.  For  large  boats  it  is 
navigable  100  miles. 

£dip»,\i\  Oraogeco. S.  Carolina.  Hereis 
a  po(t  office,  577  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Edward,  Fort,  an  old  fortrefs  now  ia 
ruins,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  R.in  the 
townfliip  of  Argyle,  which  fee. 

Ed-ward,  a  fort  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  iixe 
town  of  Windfor,  in  Hants  co.  faid  to  be 
large  enough  to  contain  aoo  men.  It  is 
fituated  on  Avon  R.  which  is  navigable 
thus  far  for  velTels  of  400  tons ;  thofe  of 
6p  tons  can  go  t  miles  higher. 

Edivardjburgb  Ttmtnjbif,  in  the  County 
of  Grenville,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  7th 
townfliip  in  afcending  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence. 

Etl  River  Indioiu,  inhabit  the  lands  on 
Eel  R.  a  head  branch  of  Wabafli  R.  They 
were  lately  hodile  ;  but  ceded  fome  land 
at  the  mouth  of  the  liver  to  the  U.  States, 
at  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  in  1 795  ;  when 
government  paid  them  a  fum  of  money, 
and  engaged  to  pay  them  in  goods,  to  the 
value  of  500  dollars  annually  for  ever. 

Eel  Cove  and  River,  L'anfe  et  Im  Riviere  a 
VApguille,  on  the  S  fide  of  Chaleur  bay,  it 
about  3  leagues  W  from  Maligafli.  This 
core  abouudi  with  falmoo,  and  great 

quantities 


^uantitiet  of 
by  a  few  inhi 
EJJingljamJi 
fliip  in  Straf 
of  OlTuKC  pi 
rated  in  i76( 

Georgia,  is  I 
the  N  c:\dv\'a 
S.  Carolina ; 
wcdward,  wl 
CO.     It  conrai 
ing  761  flavc 
and  Eiberton, 
.?!?  Hitrlrou 
N.  Jcrfcy,  on  ( 
for  the  export 
•^.W  ^firioui 
E^jg  Harbour 
and  Cumberh 
After  running 
comes  the  divi 
May  and  Glo 
into  the  bay  01 
from  the  Atli 
The  river  aboii 
63i,  perch,  oy( 
a  ready  mark 
river  is  naviga 
»oo  tons.      Lii 
about  1 7  miles 
Inlet.    It  recei 
in  Gloueeder 
and  forms  par 
few  miles  fron 
ao  miles  for  vel 
fliip  of  Little  J 
ca  confids  of 
mod  of  which, 
not  under  imp 
part  of  the  tow 
where  there  is  a 
and  about  a  do 
trade  to  the  \^ 
war  captains 
a  number  of 
in  Little  Egg  h 
place. 

■Egg  I.  a  fma 
Delaware  bay  i 
Egmont,  an  i(l 
difcovered  by  ( 
iards  called  it  .< 
E  Ion.  from  Gre 

Egremont,  a 

Maflachufetts, 

incorporated  i, 

Stoclcbridge,  an 

£igbtetn   MUl 

coaft  Mi  N.  Je 


u 


E  lO 


ELI 


f  utntiiin  of  that  fidi  it  taken  annually, 
l^y  a  few  inhabitants  who  arc  fettled  here. 
EJjiiHgham,  fiirnicrly  I^eavitftown,  a  town- 
fliip  in  StrafTorU  cu.  N.  lianiplhirv,  S  K 
of  OlTiiKC  punJ,  on  Ollipcc  R.  incorpo- 
rated  in  1766,  and  hai  4;!  inhabitanti. 

KJin^bdm  Co.  in  the  lowir  diftiiA  of 
Georgia,  i»  bounded  by  Savannah  R.  on 
the  N  c.jfhvard,  which  fcparate§  it  from 
S.  Carolina;  by  Ot;ccrliei-  K.  on  the  8 
weOward,  which  divide*  it  from  Lilurty 
CO.  It  contains  2072  inhahitantH, includ- 
ing 761  fluvci.  Chief  tuwnit,  EUcnczcr 
and  KIberton. 

Egg  Hiiriour,  a  town  in  Glouct-ncr  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,  on  Great  Egg  Hiirbour ;  famous 
for  the  exportation  of  pme  and  cedar. 

Egg  Harbour  R,  Great  anJ  Little,  Great 
Egg  Harbour  R.  rifcs  between  Glonctftcr 
and  Cumberland  counties,  in  N  Jerfcy. 
After  running  E  S  E  a  few  miles,  it  be- 
comes the  divifional  line  between  Cape 
May  and  Glouceftcr  counties,  and  falls 
into  the  bay  of  its  own  name.  The  inlet 
from  the  Atlantic  ocean  lies  in  39  2a. 
The  river  abounds  with  fliecplhead,  roelc- 
fifli,  perch,  oyfters,  clams,  &c.  which  find 
a  ready  market  at  Philadelphia.  Tliis 
river  is  navigable  ao  miles  for  veflels  of 
%00  tons.  Little  Egg  Harbour  Inlet,  lies 
about  17  miles  N  E  of  Great  Egg  Harbour 
Inlet.  It  receives  Mulicus  R.  which  rifes 
in  Glouccfler  and  Burlington  counties, 
and  forms  part  of  the  divifional  line  a 
few  miles  from  the  bay.  It  is  navigable 
ao  miles  for  veflels  of  60  tons.  The  town- 
iliip  of  Little  Egg  Harbour,  in  Burlington 
CO.  coniifts  of  about  i.'^.ocxj  acres  ;  the 
TOoft  of  which,  being  thin  and  barren,  is 
not  under  improvement.  The  compaifl 
part  of  thetownfhip  is  called  Clam  Town, 
where  there  is  a  meeting  houfe  for  Friends, 
and  about  a  dozen  houfcs.  It  has  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  During  the  late 
war  captains  Fergufon  and  CoUins  burnt 
a  number  of  privateers  and  other  veflels 
in  Little  Egg  Harbour,  and  dcQroyed  the 
place. 

Egg  7.  a  Tmall  ifland  on  the  N  E  fide  of 
Delaware  bay  in  Cumberland  co. 

Egmont,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
difcovered  by  Capi,  Carteret.  The  Span- 
iards called  It  Santa  Crua.  S  lat.  19  ao, 
£  Ion.  from  Greenwich  164  30. 

Egremont,  a  townfliip  in  Berldliire  co. 
MalTachufetts,  containing  835  inhabitants, 
incorporated  in  1760  ;  15  miles  S  W  of 
Stockbridge,  and  145  W  of  Boflon. 

Eigbtten  Mile,  or  Xwy  Beatb,  on  the 
WMtft  of  N.  Jerfey,  liea  between  Little 


T.gf,  Harbour  TuU't,  nnd  that  of  Birnt{;it. 
£7i<r/,a  co.inihcuijjur  diflric't  of  C.  or- 
gia,  bctwren  lugiilo  .uid  iiiii„il  rivers, 
'i'lie  S  E  corni.'i'  of  the  co,  is  iit  their  eon« 
fluerne,  at  tlietdwn  ot  I'l.'turflviijj.  On 
tJie  N  VV  it  u  l)oiii:fled  by  lT.i:iklin  to. 
It  is  divided  into  17  tci\viillii|).,  niul  (on« 
taius  io,Qy4  iiiiuliitant.H,  of  wliuiu  2(ii6 
arc  llaves. 

.F./ierhn,  thc  r::it  of  juftijC  in  the  iil;0    0 

CO.  is  2."?  miles  N  W  of  I'etc  r(!iur^,  .iiul  jo 
S  K  ot  FiMuklin  court  lioufc.  Here  is  a 
poll  oflicc. 

Elk-iion,  a  port  town  in  nnnj^hjm  co. 
Geoigia,  on  tlit-  N  V.  b.iii!:  of  O^jcecliee  B. 
It  Ih  about  1 1>  miles  VV  o?  lUune/cr,  /)S 
N  W  of  Savannah, Jiiui  $^  ^  I'.of  Louifville. 

Etbrjiv  I.  in  tlic  N  wellcrn  part  oi 
lake  Superior  in  IT.  Can.ula,  lien  totlic  M 
L  of  the  Gruud  Port:igc,  and  \V  ct  Ifle 
Maurcpas. 

Etuthera,  or  AUihufer,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma or  Lucaya  illandj*,  wlicrc  above  6o 
families  formerly  fettled  under  Dcp.  Got. 
Holmes,  and  eicdled  a  fmall  fort. 

Elias,  Mount  St.  a  mountain  near  the 
fliore  of  the  N  W  eoaft  of  America,  N  W 
of  Admiralty  bay,  and  S  E  of  Prince 
William's  found. 

Elizitbctb,  Cufc.  See  Cape  Elizuhetb  and 
Caf^o  Bay. 

Elixnbeth  City  Co.  in  Virgini:i,  lies  be- 
tween York  and  James  rivers,  having 
Warwick  and  York  counties  on  thc  W, 
and  Chefapeak  bay  on  thc  E  and  N. 
There  are  I'everal  fmall  i/lands  on  its  fea 
coad,  the  chief  of  which  are  Long  and 
Egg  iflands.  Point  Comfort  is  thc  3  cafl- 
ern  extremity  of  the  co.  It  contains 
1256  free   inhabitants,  and  1522  flaves. 

Elizabeth  City,  Pafquatank  co.  N.  Caro- 
lina. Here  is  a  pofl:  ofEcc,  299  miles  front 
Wafliington. 

Elizabetl)  J/l'incfj,  fevcral  fmall  iflands  on 
the  S  E  fide  of  Buzzard's  bay,  extending  S 
weflerly  from  the  extremity  of  Barnftable 
CO.  in  MafTachnfett-i,  and  bearing  N  W 
from  Martha's  Vineyard  ;  iitnated  be- 
tween 41  14  and  41  32  N  lat.  and  bct^^  ecn 
70  38  and  70  j6  W  Ion.  They  are  about 
16  in  number;  tJie  chief  of  which  are 
Nafliawn,  Pal'qui,  Nafliawcnna,  Pinequefc, 
and  Cattaliunk  illands.  All  thcfe  be* 
long  to  Duke's  co. 

Elix.itetb,  a.  fliort  fouthern  arm  of  Jamea 
R.  in  Virginia.  It  affords  an  excellent 
harbour,  and  large  enough  for  300  fliips. 
The  channel  is  from  150  to  :oo  fathoms 
wide  ;  and  at  common  flood  tide  it  hat 
18  feet  water  to  Norfolk,  which  ftand» 

near 


it" 


ELI 

^ear  (he  mouth  of  its  cadcrn  branch. 
Vhe  S  branch  rifes  in  the  Difmal  Swamp. 
Crancy  I.  at  the  mouth  of  Elizabeth,  lies  5 
miles  S  W  of  Pojnt  Comfort,  at  the  mouth 
of  James  R. 

Elizabdl/s  I.  Quern,  in  tlic  ftraits  of 
Magellan,  iu  S.  America.  Here  frelh  wa- 
ter, herbs  fit  for  fallad,  and  wild  fowl  may 
be  had  in  great  plenty.  'I'lw  fliorcs  alio 
abound  with  fiicU  fi(h. 

JEtiza/ieth,  a  poft  town  in  I^ancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  containing  about  30  houlcs, 
a  Dutch  ch^rch,  and  ^46  inhabitants  ;  i8 
piiles  N  W  by  W  of  Laucafter,  and  84  W 
•by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Ellaabethtoiun,  a  port  town  and  borough, 
\»  iilXtx  CO.  N.  Jerfey  ;  plcafantly  lituated 
on  a  /'mall  creek  which  empties  into  Ar- 
thur Kull.  Its  foil  is  equal  to  any  in  the 
ftate.  In  the  coinj^aifl  part  of  the  town, 
there  are  about  150  lioufes,  two  brick 
thtirdjci,  one  for  Prcfbyterians,  very 
bandfome,  the  other  for  Epifcupalians, 
and  an  academy.  This  is  one  of  the  old- 
eft  townsin  the  (iate,  having  been  purchaf- 
,ed  of  the  Indians  as  <arly  as  1664,  and 
-fettled foon  after.  It  lies  6  miles  foutherly 
of  Newark,  and  15  S  \V  by  W  of  N.  York 

Elizabeth  .awn,  A  town  of  Alleghany  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Monon- 
g;ihela  R.  between  Redftone  Old  Fort  ajid 
Pittfburg,  about  1 8  miles  from  each,  and 
6  above  the  month  of  the  Youghagany. 
Many  boats  are  built  here  for  the  trade 
«nd  emigration  to  Kentucky,  and  in  the 
environs  are  feveral  faw  mills.  It  has  1904 
inhabitants.  There  is  another  town  of 
this  name  in  the  fame  co.  which  has  in 
inhabitants.     N  lat.  40  13,  W  Ion.  79  2 

ElizabetLtoivn,  a  poft  town  of  Mil  ry  lane 
and  capital  of  Wafliington  co.  formerly 
called  Hagarfliown,  feated  in  the  fertile 
valley  of  Conegocheague.  It  has  fever»l 
ftreets  regularly  laid  out.  The  houfes  are 
principally  built  of  brick  and  flone,  in 
number  about  300.  Epifcopalians,  Prcf- 
bytcrians,  and  German  Lutherans,  hav« 
each  a  church.  'I'he  court  houfe  and  mar- 
ket houfe  are  handfome  buildings,  and 
the  gaol  isof  ftonc,  and  fubftantial.  The 
trade  with  the  weftern  country  is  confid- 
erable  ;  and  there  are  a  number  of  mills 
in  the  neighbourhood,  on  Antietam  creek. 
6ce  Hagarjinivn. 

EAizabethtoivn,  the  chief  town  of  Tyrrel 
CO  in  Edcnton  diftri(Sb,  N.  CaroHna,  has  a 
gaoH  court  houfe,  and  a  few  dwelling 
Iioufes.  It  is  40  miles  from  Fayetteville, 
and  ss  from  Wilmington. 

£!izaittbtaxvn,  a  poll-town  and  the  chief 


ELK 

in  Bladen  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  fituated  n* 
the  N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear.  It  con- 
tains a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  30 
houfes  ;  36  miles  fouthward  of  Fayette- 
ville, and  47  N  M'  of  Wilmington. 

Eliziibc-tljiinvn,  a  poft  town  in  EfTcx  co, 
N.  York,  is  on  the  W  fliore  of  Lake 
Chaniplain,  N  of  Crown  Point,  and  has 
900  inhabitants.  It  is  519  miles  N  by  E 
from  Wafliington. 

EliTiibetb  Toivii,  the  townfhip  of,  in  the 
CO.  of  Leeds,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  9th 
townfhip'In  afcenditig  \A\q  -river  St.  Law- 
rence. U  is  well  watered  by  the  river 
Ttmiant?,  and  three  wther  ftreams. 

Elk,  a  creek  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania,  Avhich  uniting  with  Penn'» 
creek,  falls  into  thu  Sufquehanna,  5  milci 
below  Siii»bur.y, 

jElt,  a  n-dvigable  river  of  the  eaftern 
fliorc  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  in  Chcfter 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  by  two  branches;  Big 
and  Little  Elk  creeks.  At  their  conflu- 
ence ftands  Elkton.  The  canals  in  con- 
templation from  EUc  R.  to  Delaware  bay, 
are  noticed  under  Delaware  bay. 

Elk,  a  flvort  navigable  river,  in  the  ftate 
of  Teneflte.  It  rifes  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
Cumberland  mountain,  runs  S  wefterly, 
and  falls  into  the  TenefTee  a  little  above 
the  Mufcle  flioals ;  about  40  miles  W  NT 
W  of  the  Creeks'  Crofting  Place. 

£ltbor/i,  a  fniall  water  of  Kentucky  R. 
The  Eikhorn  lands  are  much  efteemed, 
being  fituated  in  a  bend  of  Kentucky  R. 
in  Fayette  co.  in  which  this  fm^U  river, 
or  creek,  rifes. 

Elk  Late,  one  of  the  chain  of  fmail  lake^ 
which  .connects  the  lake  of  the  Woods 
with  lake  Su^>erior.  N  lat.  48  41,  W 
Wn.  9.V 

EUriifge,  a  fmall  town  in  Ann  Arundel 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  S  hank  of  Patapfco 
R.  and  on  the  W  fide  of  Deep  run.  This 
place  is  famous  for  the  bright  tobacco 
called  litis  foot.  It  is  8  miles  S  W  of  Bal- 
timore, and  19  N  W  of  Annapolis.  N 
lat.  39  1  a  30. 

Eliion,^  pofttoiwnof  confidera'ble  trade, 
at  the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay,  in  Mary- 
land, and  the  capita!  of  Cecil  co.  It  is 
fituated  at  the  confluence  of  the  head 
branches  of  Elk  R.  13  miles  from  its  mouth 
at  Turkey  Point,  and  a  mile  above  French 
town.  Ti:'.  tide  flows  up  to  the  town, 
and  it  csijoys  great  advantages  from  the 
carrying  trade,  between  Baltimore  and 
Philadelphia.  Upwards  of  250,000  bufli- 
eis  of  wheat  are  colleifted  here  annually, 
for  fupplying  thofc  markets,  or  the  neigh- 
bouring 


iobrln?  mills. 

/Ireet,  m  whit 

court  houfe,  ai 

the  town  is  an 

S  W  of  Chrl 

Charleftown,  4 

56  N  E  of  Bal 

Ellington,  at 

iJies  and  1209 

Connedlicut. 

of  Hartford  ci 

Ellis  R.  in  A 

Amercfcoggin" 

Ellifvillc,  a  p 

Pennfylvania,  J 

Ellfivortb,  a 

Union  R.  Har 

rated  Feb.  180 

Elmore,  ■  a   tt 

Vermont;  has 

Elmjly  Toivn 

lies  to  the  S,  a! 

land,  in  U.  Can 

Emery's  R,   a 

which  runs  S  I 

Nby  E  of  the] 

Emm  JUS, -A  M 

from  Bethlchcii 

EmmilJjiiirgL , 

ing  village  in 

between  Flat  R 

em  head  water 

about  a  mile  S 

Here  is  a  poft  ( 

•f  Frederick,  a; 

N  lat.  39  10  3c 

Enchanted  Mi 

Eitdhfs   Mout 

applied  to  the 

Endeavour  Sti 
point  of  New  F 
New  Guinea. 
140. 

Enfield,  a  towi 
■edlicut,  on  the 
Oppofite  to  Sufi 
N  by  the  Ma 
granted  by  the 
Springfieldy  ia  ] 
z68i.  In  1769 
families.  In  th( 
tional  churches 
Shakers,  The  < 
contiguous  to  t 
1 8  miles  N  of  F 
habitants. 

Enjxeld,  a  tow 
Hampfliire,  abc 
mouth  college. 
Jr76r,andka»  i 


ENP 


Ei»n 


ioliring  mills.  Elkton  confiAs  of  one 
/Ircct,  in  which  are  about  90  houfcs,  a 
court  houfe,  and  gaol.  On  the  W  tide  of 
the  town  is  an  academy.  It  is  iz  miles 
S  W  of  Chrlftiana  bridge,  10  N  E  of 
Charledown,  47  S  W  of  Philadelphia, and 
56  N  E  of  Baltimore. 

Ellinghn,  a  townfliip  of  about  200  fam- 
ilies and  1209  inhabitants,  in  Tolland  co. 
Connedlicut.  It  lies  about  12  miles  N  £ 
of  Hartford  city,  and  6  W  of  Tolland. 

FMh  R.  in  Ma  ne,  is  a  branch  of  Great 
Amerefcoggin'  ^.     See  Ru,:^ford. 

EllifvilU,  a  poll  town,  Cumberland  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  156  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Ellftvortb,  a  townfliip  on  both  tides  of 
Union  R.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated Feb.  1800,  late  No.  7. 

Elmore,  9.  townlhip  in  Orleans  CO.  in 
Vermont ;  has  45  inhabitants. 

Elmjly  Toiunjbipy  in  the  caftern  diftricl, 
IJes  to  the  S,  and  in  the  rear  of  Cumber- 
land, in  U.  Canada.  Smytb. 

Emery's  Ri  a  fmall  river  in  Ttneflce, 
which  runs  S  E  into  thcTenefTee,  7  miles 
N  by  E  of  the  mouth  of  Clinch  R. 

E/naaus,A  Moravian  i'cttlement,  8  miles 
from  Bethlehem,  in  Penufylwauia. 

EmmitJbiir^L ,  or  Emmtjbingh,  a  flourifll- 
ing  village  in  Frederick  co.  Maryland, 
between  Flat  Run  and  Toms  creek,  weft- 
crn  head  waters  of  the  Monocacy,  and 
about  a  mile  S  of  the  Pcnnfylvania  line. 
Here  is  a  port  ofllce,  24  miles  N  E  by  E 
©f  Frederick,  and  50  N  W  of  Baltimore. 
N  lat.  39  10  30. 

Eiithanted  Mountain.     See  tenejfee. 

Endhfi  Mountains,  a  name  fomctimcs 
applied  to  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Endeavour  Straits,  are  between  the  N 
point  of  New  Holland,  and  the  S  coaft  of 
New  Guinea.  S  lat.  10,  £  Ian.  from  Paris 
140. 

JS/i^e/t/,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co.Con- 
■eifticut,  on  the  E  bank  of  Conne(5):icut  R. 
dppotite  to  Sufiield,  and  bounded,  on  the 
N  by  the  Mafl'achufetts  line  r  It  wm 
granted  by  the  court  of  Matiachuretts.to 
Springiieldf  in  1648,  and  was  fettled  in 
l68r.  In  1769  it  contained  214  Englifli 
families.  In  the  town  are  two  Congrega- 
tional churches^  and  a  meeting  houie  for 
Shakers.  The  compad:  part  of  the  town, 
contiguous  to  the  river,  is  very  plcafant, 
18  miles  N  of  Hartford.  It  has  1761  in- 
habitants. 

Enfield,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  about  11  miles  S  E  of  Dart- 
mouth college.  It  was  incorporated  iu 
1761,  aad  ka>  iiai  inhabitant^ 


En^ahn'o,  Tromptur,  or  Falfe  Cape,  Is  the 
eafttrnnitiil  land  of  the  ifland  of  St.  D<»- 
mingo,  5^  leagues  northerly  of  Poiiite  cle 
TEpcc,  and  22  S  E  of  Cape  Raphael,  or 
Round  Mouiitiiiii.  N  lat.  19  3,  W  Ion. 
from  Paris  71  25. 

Et'g/Jh  Harkiir,ona  of  the  beft  harhou r* 
in  the  illand  of  Aniigua,  on  the  S  flior«,  , 
a  milc'S  E  of  the  mouth  of  Falmouth  har- 
bour. It  is  well  fortified,  and  has  a  royal 
navy  yard  and  arfunal,  with  conveniences 
for  careening  lliips  of  war.  N  lit.  17? 
25,  W  Ion.  61  27  30. 

EngliJL  Neighbourhood,  a  village  in  Eer- 
gen  CO.  N  Jeiley,  on  a  N  E  branch  <u" 
Hackiufack  R.  W  of,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Fort  Ixe. 

Ei>gtijhtvzvn,'\i\  N.  Jerfey,  a  fmall  vill.ige 
in  the  N  vveftern  part  of  Monmouth  cO. 
on  tlie  road  from  Princeton  to  Sh.rewC- 
biiry,  21  miles  i.om  the  former,  6  W  of 
MonmMith  couit  houfe,  and  iS  £o£ 
Princeton. 

Eii^lijl^  Turn.     See    Detour  Des    ^rglois- 

Eiio,  a  river  in  N.  Carolina,  wJiich 
unites  wit-h  Utile  and  Flat  rivers  iu 
Orange  co.  and  forms  the  Neus,  about  1 7 
miles  below  Hillfborough. 

Eiwree,  a  N  W  branch  of  Broad  R.  in 
S. -Carolina.  It  joins  Broad  R.  about  5 
miles  below  Tyger  R. 

Eiwjhurg,  a  port  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  about  18  or  20  miles  E  of 
Swanto\\rn  has  143  inhabitants. 

Ephrata,  or  Dunkard  To-wn,  a  village  in 
Lancafter  co.  Pennfyjvania,  on  the  N  Vf 
tide  of  Calico  cr«ek,  which,  joining  the 
Conefloga,  falls  into  the  Sufquehanna.  It 
lies  12  miles  N  of  the  town  of  Lancaftes, 
and  upwards  of  60  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  i«  tituated  in  a  romantic  and  fequcflcr- 
ed  vale,  and  inhabited  by  a  religious  con> 
munity  called  Tunlers,  who  are  moftly  of 
German  defcent,  and  believe  in  general 
redemption.  They  ufe  great  plainnefs  of 
drefs  and  language,  and  will  neither  fwear^ 
nor  tight,  nor  go  to  law,  nor  take  intereQ 
for  the  money  they  lend.  They  have 
many  peciJiarities ;  but  their  innocent 
manners  have  acquired  them  the  name  of 
the  harmJefs  Tunkers.  This  fettlement 
is  fometimes  called  Tunker's  Town,  and 
contifts  of  about  40  buildings  ;  of  which  3 
are  pl.ices  of  worfhip.  They  fubfifl  by 
cultivating  their  lands,  by  attending  a 
printing  ofHce,  a  grift  mill,  a  paper  mill, 
an  oil  mill,  &c.  and  the  tifters  by  fpin- 
ning,  weaving,  fewing,  &c.  Betide  this 
congregation  at  Ephrata,  there  were  in 
1770, 14  others  of  tiiit  fedt  in  various  par4* 


tKl 


tsc 


of  Pennfylvania,  and  fome  In  Maryland. 
The  whole,  excliifivc  of  thofe  in  Mary- 
land, amounted  to  upwards  of  zooo  louJs. 

Ej>i:rrU:s,  /cs,  on  the  S  W  branch ; 
«f  the  Ottav/a  river,  in  U.  Canada  ; 
above  the  luiiijc  or  upper  forks,  be- 
tween portage  a  la  Role  and  portage 
PareuucK,  but  neared  to  the  latter  :  it 
n  nenrly  hall'  way  trom  tlie  fork  to  lake 
Kepillmg  portayjc.  Sw\t/j. 

£j'j/)i,ij,  apod  r.)wn  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hanjpllure,  taken  from  the  M  VV  part 
of  lixtttr,  and  incorporated  in  1741.  It 
contains  tizr  inhabitants,  6  miles  N  V/ 
wf  Exeter,  and  23  VV  of  l-'ortfmouth. 

Enfjvi,  apoittowninRockinghamoo.  N. 
Haniplliirc,  lies  E  of  Pembroke,  adjoin- 
ing ;  10  milc-u  E  of  Concord,  and  45  N 
IW  of  Portlinouth.  It  was  incorporated 
ki  1717  ;in  1775  it  contained  ;^87,in  i;yO, 
799,  iiiid  in  li^oo,  1034  inhabitants. 

Eri;  l'3rt,  a  itrong  fortiiication  in  the 
towufiup  of  E"rtic,  U.  Ci.iiaua,fttuated  on 
the  N  ihure  of  iako  Krie,  and  on  the  W 
bank  of  Niagara  R.  27  miles  S  by  E 
of  Nia^^ara  Fort,  and  18  above  the  carry- 
ing piace  at  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  It  has 
a  barrack  for  troops  and  a  block  houfe  ;  z, 
company  01  i'o'.diers  are  quartered  here 
for  the  purpole  of  tranlporting  the  public 
ftorcs.  Lake  F^rie  ni'.rrowshereintothcDj- 
troit  flrait,vv!>ich  carries  the  waters  over 
the  great  fails  of  Niagara  ;  theie  is  a  gocd 
harbour  here  fcr  vellels  of  any  fize.  Fort 
Erie  hp.s  frequer.tly  fuffcrcd  from  the 
weUerly  L--''-*  ^^l"'-'^  occalions  the  lake 
fometinie.'.  to  rife  very  confiderably.  The 
new  fc  r  is  projected  on  a  fmall  height  in 
the  rear  of  the  prefent  garrilbn.  N  lat.  4Z 
J3  17,  W  Ion.  78  2030. 

Erie,  a  lake  of  the  fourth  magnitude  in 
N.  America,  and  thro\igh  which  runs  the 
line  between  the  United  States  and  Upper 
Canada.  D'Etroit  R.  on  the  W  brings  the 
waters  of  the  great  lakes  with  which  lake 
Erie  has  a  communication  on  the  N  W, 
and  Niagara  R.  on  the  K  forms  its  commu- 
nication with  tiie  waters  of  lake  Ontario 
imd  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  f  t  is  lituated 
between  4^  and  4.]  N  lat.  and  between 
78  48  and  8.5  W  Ion.  Its  form  is  elipti- 
cal.  Its  lenctli  is  about  aaj  miles ;  and 
its  medium  breadth  about  40.  ll  affords 
good  navigation  for  fliipping  of  any  bur- 
den. The  coall  on  both  lides  of  the  lake 
is  generally  favoirrable  for  the  paflage  of 
batteauxand  canoes.  Its  banks  in  many 
places  have  a  flat  i'andy  fliore,  particularly 
to  the  eallward  of  the  pcniniida  called 
jbong  PoLat,  whioh  runs  upwards  of  18 


miles  into  the  lake,  and  being  compofed  of 
fand,  is  very  convenient  to  haul  boats  01^ 
of  the  furf  upon  it,  when  the  lake  is  too 
rough  for  failing  and  rowing  ;  yet  in  fome 
places,  chiefly  on  the  S  fide  towards  both 
ends  of  the  lake,  it  would  be  dangerous  to 
approacii,  and  impollible  to  land,  by  rea- 
Ion  of  the  perpendicular  height  of  the 
rocks.  Some  of  thel'e,  (as  at  Cayahoga, 
which  are  already  defcribed)  are  magnifi- 
cent  beyond  defcription,  and  muft  alfo  in- 
Ipire  dread  in  the  boldeft  breaft,  when 
viewed  from  the  water.  Lake  Erie  has 
a  great  variety  of  fin«  fi(h,  fuch  as  ftur- 
geun,  eel,  white  fifti,  trout,  perch,  &c. 
Lakfs  Huron  and  Michigan  afford  com- 
muaicai'ion  with  l^keErie,  by  vefleU  of 
8  feet  draught.  There  are  portages  into 
t  If  wat«rs  uf  lake  Eric  from  the  Wabafli, 
CrealMiaini,  Miilkingum,  and  Alleghany, 
from  a  to  ><6  milts.  'I'he  portage  be- 
tween the  O'**')  and  Potowniac  will  be  a- 
bout  20  mile*,  i'  hen  the  obflrutflions  in 
the  Moriongah*!*  and  diKftat  rivers  are 
removed. 

Ellens,  an  Indian  nation,  called  by  the 
French,  du  Chat,  or  Catnation.  Th.y 
were  extirpated  by  th*^  hoquni^  abou' 
the  year  1655.  Were  it  *»*t  for  (he  lake 
which  {fill  bears  the  name  ><  that  naiirni, 
one  would  not  have  known  thac  they 
ever  exiftcd. 

Erie,  a  county  of  Pcnnfylvania  on  th« 
S  lide  of  lake  Erie,  containing  639,400 
acres,  and  1468  inhabit.nts.  Chief  town 
Erie. 

Ernrjl  Totvn,  in  the  midland  diftricl,  in 
U.  Canada,  is  the  fined  townfliip  above 
Kingflon,  flieltered  from  lake  Ontario 
by  Amherft  llland,  which  lies  in  its 
front. 

Errol,  a  fmall  uninhabited  town  on 
lake  Umbagog,  in  the  N.  eaflernmoft  fet- 
tled part  of  Grafton  co.  N.  Ham pfliire,  in- 
corporated in  1774. 

Efcambia,  one  of  the  moft  confiderable 
rivers  that  fall  into  the  bay  of  Penfacola, 
in  W.  Florida,  empties  itfelf  near  the  head 
of  the  N  branch,  about  12  or  15  milev 
from  Penfacola,  through  feveral  niarllus 
and  channels,  which  have  a  ni}mber  of 
iflands  between  them,  that  arc  overflow- 
ed when  the  w.iter  is  high.  A  flioal  near 
its  mouth  prevents  vefTels,  drawing  more 
than  5  or  6  feet,  from  entering  ;  but 
there  is  from  a  to  4  fathoms  of  water  af' 
terwards.  Capt  Hutchins  afccuded  it  in 
a  boat  upwards  of  80  miles,  and  from  tlie 
depth  of  water  there,  it  appeared  to  he 
navigable  for  pettiaugers  many  miles  fur- 
ther. 


ther.  It  is  uncertain  where  iti  fource 
h.  The  courfe  is  very  winding.  At  the 
mouth  of  the  river  on  the  W  fide  was  the 
town  of  Cambleton,  fettled  by  French 
Piotcftauts  in  1 766,  but  was  afterwards 
abandoned.  Tlie  lands  in  general  on 
•ach  fide  of  the  river,  ?.re  rich,  low 
or  fwampy,  admirably  adapted  for  the 
culture  of  rice  or  corn.  The  great  num- 
ber of  rivulets  which  fall  into  this  river 
from  the  high  circumjacent  country,  may 
be  led  over  any  part  of  the  rice  lands,  at 
any  feafon  of  the  year.  The  nuinorou* 
iflands  at  t!ie  mouth  of  the  river,  fume  of 
very  confiderable  extent,  are  not  inferior 
for  rice  to  any  in  America.  1  he  fottlc- 
ments  made  by  Meflrs.Tait  and  Mitchell, 
capt.  Johnfon,  Mr.  Mc  Kinnon,  and  fome 
others,  are  very  evident  proofs  of  tliis 
afiertion  ;  who  within  two  years  of  their 
firft  fettlement,  had  nearly  cleared  al!  the 
expenfes  they  had  been  at  in  makir  r  very 
confiderable  eftiblifliraents  ;  and  would 
entirely  have  done  it  in  another  year,  had 
not  the  Spaniards  taken  poffelfion  of  the 
country. 

£/iutari,a.{m!M  irtand  about  5  leagues 
N  of  Louifbourg,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton. 

EffjHis.   See  Kiitrjloii,  N.  York. 

Ef^iritu  Santo,  JJles  del,  fituated  on  the 
S  W  of  Providence,  in  the  W.  Indies.  See 
Amlros  Ili^s, 

Efpiritu  S  II  ,3.  bay  on  the  W  coaf*:  n'' 
E.  Florida,  in  -.  8  N  lat.  It  has  a  gooa 
harbour,  4  fav  .  t  >-  water,  and  fafe  anchor- 
age ;  '.iv:  'he  1  ..  t  al'  ;  V/Out  the  coaft  is 
Tery  low,  an '■  c.  i  not  be  feen  from  a 
(hip's  deck  ,v  Iven  in  7  fathom  water.  Sev- 
eral lov/,  faa  ly  iflands  ?nd  marflies,  cov- 
ered n"'ft-  rr.xngrove  buf.  .>\.  lie  bcfo-f-  the 
main  !  ii.-.i.  Hern  are  iia.nenfe  numbers 
of  fifi  in  the  fummei-  time,  1  .hich  may 
be  caught  wit!  a  feine,  enough  tr  load  a 
fliip,  (if  the  climate  would  adn;  t  of  cur- 
ing tiienl)  even  in  a  few  d''ys. 

Efiptimanx.  See  Labra-.'o:  "ud  New 
JBritiiin. 

Efnuimauxy  a  large  br.y  on  the  Labrador 
Soafl,  into  which  a  river  of  the  fame  name 
empties.  It  Ues  in  the  N  W  part  of  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  ;\eai-  tl»e  mouth  of 
the  ftraits  of  Belleifle.  Efniiiiraux  illands 
tie  acrofs  its  mouth. 

EJfequ:bo  Dijh'iil  and  Rl-'jcr.  liflcquebo  it 
a  diitrivfl  of  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America, 
and  receives  its  name  from  the  large  nav- 
igable river  wliich  waters  it.  See  Demara- 
ra  and  Dutch  America. 

EJf;:i,  one  of  tJlj#  mod  populous  and  bsfl 
Vv-  I.  W 


cultivated  counties  in  Maflachufetts,  !• 
bounded  N  by  N.  Hampfhire ;  £  and  8  by 
the  ocean,  and  the  town  of  Chelfea  in  Sut* 
folk  CO.  Why  Middlefex  co.  in  length 
about  38  miles,  in  breadth  aj  ;  and  i* 
fliaped  triangularly,  Chelfea  being  the 
acute  point.  The  chief  idand  on  its  coaft, 
is  Plum  ifland.  It  is  fubdivided  into  }» 
townihips,  which  contain  7644  houfes,  and 
61,196  inhabitants  ;  having  about  135 
fouls  to  a  fquare  mile.  The  iirftfettlement 
in  MafTachufetts  proper  was  made  in  Sa- 
lem, thf  capital  of  the  county,  in  i6a8,  by 
John  Endicott,  Efq.  one  of  the  original 
patentees,  and  many  ycirs  governor  of 
the  colony.  It  was  made  a  lliiie  in  1643, 
being  one  of  the  three  into  which  the  col- 
ony was  firflt  divided,  llflox  co.  pays  about 
one  fevcnth  part  of  the  fi:;tc  tax,  elects 
fix  fcnators  for  the  govcrnmciit  of  tiie  com- 
monwealtli,  and  two  ryprefentatives  in  the 
Icgiflature  of  the  United  States.  Its  prin- 
cipal towns  arc  Salem,  Newburyport, 
Gloucefler,  Marblchcad,  Beverly,  New- 
bury, and  Ipfwich.  In  .his  county  arc 
two  flourifiiing  academies,  one  in  Byefield, 
the  other  in  Andover.  The  face  of  the 
county  is  plealingly  variegated  with  hills, 
vales,  woods,  and  plains.  The  land  is  gen- 
erally fruitful ;  but  is  more  favourable  to 
barley  tiian  moft  other  parts  of  the  fiate. 
Quarriesof  marbleand  llmcftone  are  found 
iiithis  County  ;and  the  feacoaft  Isindented 
Vvilh  a  number  of  good  harbotirs.  Merri- 
mack R.  interfeiSts  the  N  part  of  Eflex  co. 
between  it  and  the  N.  Harapfliire  line  is 
a  ftrip  of  land  3  mileb  wide,  divided  into 
the  towns  of  Methuen,  Haverhill,  ..\Jmf- 
bury  and  Salilbury  ;  containing  1429  in- 
habitants. 

EJfeK  Co,  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded  on 
the  E  by  the  county  of  Sufhilk,  on  the  S 
by  lake  Erie,  on  the  W  by  the  river 
D'Etroitto  Mailbnville's mill,  from  thence 
by  a  line  running  parallel  to  the  river 
D'Etroit  and  lake  St.  Clair,  at  tiie  diftancii 
of  4  miles,  until  it  meets  the  river  Thames, 
and  thence  up  the  faid  river,  'othe  north- 
weft  boundary  of  the  county  of  Suflblk. 
It  fends  one  reprcfentative  to  the  provin- 
cial parliament. 

EJl'x  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bounded  E  and 
N  E  by  Rappahi.nnock  R.  which  divide* 
it  from  Richnumd  co.  It  is  about  SS  raile» 
long  and  13  broad,  and  contains  3741  fre« 
inhabitants,  and  5767  flavcs. 

Ef.x  Co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  in  the  e.iflern 
part  of  t'le  ftate,and  divided  from  Stateu 
Idand  by  Newark  bay.  It  is  about  25 
miic*  tu  Icv^th  and  16  hi  br«adth,aud  ha» 


<h 


f-'J' 


EUS 


EVE 


m^;^ 


m 


ti\rtr  townfliips,  vi»»  Newark,  Elizabeth- 
town  and  Acquackanack,  which  contain 
22,269  inhabitants,  of  whom  15  21  are 
/laves.  The  foil  is  very  fertile,  and  its 
Iruits  and  other  produftions  meet  with  a 
quick  falc  in  N.  York  city.  ElFex  co.  lias 
within  it  7  Prelbyterian  churches,  3  lor 
Epifcopalians,  I  for  Anabaptilh, and  j,  'or 
Dutch  Calviniils. 

E^i-x,  a  county  of  N.  York,  having 
Clinton  co.  N,  Wafliington  co.  S,  and  Lake 
Camptaia,  which  divides  it  from  Vermont, 
E. 

EJfex  Co  in  Vermont,  bounded  N  by 
Canada,  and  Jiby  Connedticat  river,  con- 
taining 1429  inhabitaati. 

E/J'ex.  atownflup  in  Chittenden  co.  Ver- 
mont, contains  729inhabitant8.  It  lies  be- 
tween Jericho  on  tlic  S  E,  iiud  Culchelter 
on  tli.i  N  W. 

EJlapa,  or  fjli'f'r,  a  town  belonging  to 
the  province  of 'I'abafco,  and  audience  of 
Mexico.  It  is  mentioned  by  Dampier  an 
lituatrd  on  Taljafco  R.  |  leagues  l»eyond 
Villa  de  Mofe.  It  is  faii)  to  be  a  place  of 
confiderable  trade  ;  and  lb  ftron-r,  that  it 
rcpnil'cd  capt.  Hewet,  when  he  attacked 
it  with  2C0  dci'peratc  buccaneers. 

E/hrpo,  a  ftrong  town  in  New  .Spain,  ini> 
habited  by  .Spaniards  and  native  Ameri- 
cans ;  lituatcd  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Tlahic.     N  lat.  1 7  .^o,  W  ion.  103  5, 

E^iir  To-!vii,  in  Lancafier  co.-Pennfvl- 
vania,litviated  on  the  K  bank  of  SuJijt'lian- 
na  R.  a  little  N  of  HaniflHirg. 

EtcchimUief  y  Indian  n;^tions  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Nova  Scotia.  See  MaUcites  and 
Scooiiick. 

Eiobr'iukc  Tcwnjb'ip,  in  the  eaft  riling  of 
the  county  of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  to 
the  weftward  of  tlie  tcwnih'pof  York, and 
has  been  I'elei'Yeil  for  the  i'ti'^lcnicnr  of  the 
corps  of  Queen's  Rangers  after  they  fliall 
be  dilVi'.arged. 

Euphafee.  the  ancient  name  of  Hiwaflee 
R.  in  Teneffee  :  alfo  the  name  of  ,.0  In- 
dian town  on  its  ^"  W  baak,  28  miles  fDom 
its  mouth.     See  H:-i'al[i:c. 

£  iJ!uce,or  Eiif}acUT,c,.\\cA  alfo  Motanzw, 
or  Sb.ughtcr,  from  a  butcliery  '^vade  on 
It  by  the  Spaniard^.  !t  is  an  inconliderable 
ifland,  about  20  miles  in  I'irciiit.  It  forms, 
with  a  long  point  of  Inn:!,  the  entrance  to 
the  harbourot  St.  A\i!iuftino, iuE  Florid.i. 
£ti/ljtii  'Toiuii,  in  tlic  illand  of  Euftatia 
or  Euftatius,  ii  the  Caribl)ean  lea  in  the 
W.  Indies  N  iat.  17  7,9,  W  Ion.  63  5. 
'  Ei/JIatins  St.  nr  Eujlatia,u  the  cliiof  ill- 
and bt'Ionging  to  the  Dutch  in  the  W.  !n- 
die^;  lUU(t(ed  iu  the  Ciiribbean  fua,  in  1 7 


49  N  lat.  and  in  fi2>  10  W  I  j' 

leagues  N  W  of  St.  Chriftophers.  ..,  on- 
ly a  mountain,  about  29  miles  in  compalu, 
riling  out  of  the  lea,  like  a  pyiamid,  and 
ahnoft  round ;  but  though  fo  I'mall  and  in- 
conveniently laid  out  by  nature,  the  indiif- 
try  of  the  Dutch  has  turned  it  to  fo  good 
account,  that  it  is  faid  to  contain  5000 
whites,  and  15,00c  negroes.  The  lides  of 
the  mountains  are  laid  out  in  very  pretty 
fcttlements;  butthuy  have  neither  fpring» 
nor  rivers.  'I'he  produce  is  chielly  fugar 
and  tol)accf».  This  illand,  as  well  as  Cur- 
aflbu,  is  engaged  in  theSpanifli  contrabard 
trade,  for  which,  however,  it  i*  not  fo  well 
(ituated  •  and  ii  has  drawn  the  lame  ad- 
vantage fron;  its  conftant  neutrality.  I3ut 
in  the  laft  w^ar  bttwcen  Great  Britain  and 
Holland,  admiral  Rodney,  having  been 
fent  to  reduce  it  witii  a  conltderable  land 
and  fea  force,  obliged  it  to  furrcnder  at  dil- 
cretioii,  on  the  3d  of  February,  1781.  'i'he 
private  property  of  the  inhabitants  w.i*. 
confifcated,  witli  a  degree  of  rigor  very 
uncommon  amony  civilized  nations,  and 
very  inconfiftent  with  the  humanity  and 
generofity  by  which  the  Britifli  nation 
ul«l  to  be  churaffirized.  "^liie  reafon 
alligned  was,  that  the  inhabitant.s  of  St. 
F.urtatius  had  affifted  France  and  the  Unit- 
ed States  with  naval  and  other  llores. 
'J'he  Briuih  merchants,  as  well  as  thofe 
ot  France  and  America,  fuflered  immenle 
iofs  by  elFerts  depofit^d  in  this  illand.  On 
the  27th  <u  November,  tljc  fame  year,  it 
was  retaken  by  the  French,  under  the 
command  of  the  marquis  de  Couille,  who 
had  an  ijico''i:<'erable  force.  The  Dutch 
lirft  took  p,>,icflion  of  this  illand  in  the 
year    1635, 

^y(7/^u»?T,  the  capital  of  Wythe  co.  ii» 
Virginia,  is  fituated  on  the  F,  fide  of  Reedy 
creek,  whioh  falls  into  the  Great  Kanha- 
w&v.  Woods  or  New  river.  It  contains  ■ 
court  hoii'.'f,  gaol,  and  a.)out  25  houfes  ; 
40  miles  W  by  S  of  Chriiianfburg,  ^42  in 
a  like  dtredtion  from  Richmond,  and  51% 
S  "W  by  W  of  i'liiladelphia. 

Evit-et's  5;v4"''i  Manfemond  co.  Virginia. 
Here  isa  pod  oliice,  266  miles  from  Waflk- 
iugton. 

Evtjhctm,  a  townflilp  in  Burliugton  co. 
N  Jerfcj ,  fituateil  between  the  forks  of 
Moore's  creek,  which  runs  N  weflerly  to 
P'.laware  R.  It  is  7  miles  eafterly  iS 
Iladdonficld,  16  E  of  Philadelphia,  :uid  -, 
S  i-f  Burli.i^ton.  Here  is  an  Indian  fettie- 
mcnt,  called  Kd);e  Piitick,  a  tradlof  hnid 
referved  by  tlv  arici<.'nt  natives.  'l''hey 
have  fuiue  huadred»  ot  a«;rc«  uf  improvtd 


lands,  about 
lioufe.    They 
their  own  ord 
the  Indian  lai 
Exi'fft,  a  po 
N.  Ha'npfliiri 
the  moft  conl 
ftate.     It  is  fiti 
tion  on  Swami 
of  the  Pifcata< 
mouth,  a4)d  a  I 
hiiryport,  in  E 
tide  riles  here 
for  a  manufatft 
a  duck  mantif 
mills,  a  fuUinj! 
mill,  limlTmil 
mills,  iron    wr 
The  I'addlery 
to  greater  ext 
this   iiile  Phil; 
olution,   ihip 
bufmefs  ;  and 
in  the   W.  Indi 
the  Iofs  of  this 
vcflels  of  differ 
nually;  the  riv 
down  thole  of 
bcr  is  alio  emp 
chifcflv  to  tiie 
of  thi .  place  bi 
lation.    The  p 
gational  chur 
propriated  f( 
and   capaciou; 
^''lle  public 
I  .erf.   at    prel 
Exe'eracadein 
fchool,  and  6  1 
for  females. 
This  townflii 
about  4  mile.i 
in  163s  ;  pric 
of  Swamfcot 
river,  which 
tide  water 
is  fituated  ;  ci 
the  river.     T 
177J,  was  1: 
I'es  .50  miles 
Philadelaliia. 
«  Phillips  i;x( 
and  endowed 
I.J-.D.of  Exe 
of  AiTcmbly  i 
able  and  uicf 
fped>ion  of  a  1 
mediate  gove 
preceptor  ani 

of  £-15,000,. 


!BXE 


FAT 


lands,  about  30  houfcs,  and  a  meeting 
lioufe.  They  forme -ly  had  a  minifter  of 
tlieir  own  order,  who  ftatedly  oiliciated  in 
die  Indian  language. 

Exeter,  a  poft  town  in  Rockingham  ro. 
N.  Ha'dpfliire,  and,  next  to  Portlmouth, 
the  mod  confiderahlc  feaport  town  in  the 
Hate.     It  is  (ttuated  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  Swanifcot,  or  Exeter  R.  a  branch 
of  the  Pifcataqua,  15  miles  S  W  of  I'ortf- 
mouth,  and  a  like  diftance  N  W  of  New- 
liuryp'irt,  in  Effex  co.  Maflachufetts.  The 
tide  riles  here  n  feet.     It  is  well  lltiiated 
for  a  maBiifa<5luring  town,  antl  lias  already 
a  duck  manufatEVory  in  its  infancy,  6  fkw 
mills,  a  fnlling  mill,   flitting  mill,  paper 
mill,  fnulFmill,  2   chocolate  and  10  grifc  | 
mills,  iron    works,  and  %  printing  olHces.  ' 
The  I'addlery  bufinefs  is  carried  on  here 
to  greater  extent,  than  iii  any  town  on 
tikis  fule  Philadelphia.     Before  the  rev-  1 
olntion,   llnp  building   was   a  profitable  1; 
bnfmefs  ;  and  the  veffels  were  employed    ; 
in  the  W.  India  trade.     Notwithl'landinif 

o     ■ 

the  loft  of  this  market,  there  are  4  or  5  ■■ 
veflels  of  different  burden,  built  here  an- 
nually; the  river  being  Capable  of  floating  1 
down  thofe  of  .500  tons.  An  eijual  nuia-  | 
bcr  is  alio  employed  in  the  foreign  trade,  j 
rhieflv  to  tiie  W.  Ind':;s.  The  fitiiation  ' 
of  till .  place  bids  fair  for  cxtenllve  popt^- 
lation.  The  public  euifict's  are  a  congre- 
gational churches,  an  elegant  building  ap- 
propriated for  the  academy,  a  Iruidibme 
and  capacious  court  houfe,  and  a  gcul. 
Tlie  public  offices  of  the  ftate  are  kept 
here  at  prefent.  Befide  the  celebrated 
Exe'er  academy,  there  are  here  an  Englifi 
fchool,  and  6  or  8  private  Ichuols,  chiefly 
for  females.  It  contains  1717  inhabitants. 
This  townfliip  is  rf  irregular  lijnre,  and 
about  4  miles  fijuare.  U  was  irrCci.-porated 
in  16,35  ;  prior  to  which,  it  had  the  name 
of  Swamfcot  Falls,  from  the  falls  of  the 
river,  which  feparate  the  i'reili  from  the 
tide  water  ;  where  the  biKly  of  the  town 
is  fituated  ;  rhieily  on  the  veftern  lide  of 
the  river.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in 
177J,  was  1741  ;and  in  1790,^722.  It 
I'es  so  miles  N  of  Bofton,  and  402  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  42  .59,  W  Ion.  71. 
"  Phillips  Exeter  Academy"  was  founded 
and  endowed  by  the  hon.  John  Phillips, 
I, J..D.  of  Exeter,  and  incorporated  by  aCt 
of  AiTcmbly  in  1 781.  It  is  a  very  r^fpeiit- 
able  and  ui'eful  inftitution,  under  the  in- 
fpeiftiou  of  a  board  of  truftees,  and  the  im- 
mediate government  and  inftruiftion  of  a 
preceptor  and  an  affiflant.  It  has  a  fund 
of  £-15,000,  a  part  of^which  is  in  lands  not 


yet  produtTUve.  The  prefent  annual  In- 
come is  £.480.  It  has  commonly  between 
60  and  80  ftudents.  In  1794,  a  building 
was  ereiftod,  76  by  ,<6  feet,  2  ftones  high  ; 
which,  ir.  point  of  convenience,  and  per- 
haps elegance,  is  exceeded  by  few  build- 
ings of  the  I.ind  in  the  United  States. 

Excirr,  the  N  wcflernmofl  townfliip  in 
Walhingtou  co.  Rhode  llland  ftate,  has 
Nortli  Kingfton  on  the  E,  and  \'oluntown, 
in  Conne«5licut,  on  the  W.  TIib  feveral 
branches  of  Wood  P^.  unite  here,  and  take 
a  S  courfe  between  Hopkinton  ;uid  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  2476  inhabitants,  of 
whom  24  arc  flaves. 

Exctijr,  a  cownlliip  in  Luzern  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  has  737  inhabitants. 

Rxj.-r,  a  town  in  Ncvr  Hanover  co.  in 
Wilmington  diftriiSt,  N.  Carolina  ;  fitualid 
en  the  N  E  branch  of  Cape  Fear,  about 
.''6  miles  N  from  Wilmington,  and  2Z  from 
the  New  rivet. 

Exiima  IJk,  on€  of  the  Bahama  ifles,  fit- 
uated on  tl'.el^  of  the  Great  Bank,  between 
Stocking  illes  0:1  the  S  W,  and  Long  Ifle 
on  the  E.  It  is  now  uninhabited,  except- 
ing two  families,  yet  is  one  of  the  heft  of 
tlie  Bahamas,  not  only  for  its  fertility, 
but  for  the  excellence  of  its  anchoring 
ground,  in  the  found  to  vvhich  it  gives 
name  ;  where  all  the  Britiih  navy  could 
ride  in  fafety.  Nlat.  24  30,  W  Ion.  -74  t,o. 

Exuma  Sound,  lies  E  ol'  the  Great  Baha- 
ma Bank,  between  it  and  the  ille  of  Gua- 
nahani.    N  lat.  24,  W  Ion.  75. 


-L  ABIANE,  a  river  in  Louifiana,  which 
runs  S  eaftward  into  the  Miffifippi,  in  N 
lat.  .■39  ,30 ;  16  miles  above  Jaftioni  R.  and 
50  below  the  Iowa  town  and  rapids. 

Pi^blus,  one  of  the  military  towiilbips  in 
Onondago  co.  N.  York.  Here  is  a  poft 
office,  477  miles  from  Wailiington.  It  has 
844  inhabitants. 

Fairfiix  Co.'xw  Virginia,  is  about  25  miles 
long,  and  1 8  broad  ;  on  the  W  bank  of 
Potowmack  river.  It  contains  7239  free 
inhabitants,  and  6078  flaves.  Chief  t.o\rn 
Alexandria.  At  the  court  houie  is  a  pcft 
I  otfice,  14  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Fairfax,  a  poft  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Verniunt,  E  of  Georgia,  and  en  the  bank 
of  La  Moille  R.  and  contains  786  inhabit- 
i-nts  :  and  \i  about  9  miles  from  lake 
Champlain. 

Fairjield,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebcck  co. 
Maine,  on  the  t>  is.  Lank  of  Kem.obeck  R. 

Sof 


'  .4':-^' 


FAI 

8  of  Canaan,  and  oppodte  Hancock ;  a- 
bout  17  mfles  from  Pittftown,  and  7  from 
Fort  Halifax.  It  contains  854  inhabitants, 
and  is  aaj  miles  N  E  of  Bofton. 

Fairfieldt  a  new  townfliip  in  Herkemer 
CO.  N.  York.     It  has  4065  inhabitants. 

Fairfield.,  a  port  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  St.  Albans  ;  and  contains 
9x1  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles  S  of  the 
Canada  line,  and  as  far  from  the  neareft 
part  of  lake  Champiain. 

Fairfield,  a  towndiip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York,  containing  591  inhabitants. 

Fairfield,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  Cohanzy  creek,  and  at  the 
hea.!  y:  Black  creek  ;  aj  miles  E  by  S  of 
Salem,  in  Salem  co. 

Fairfeld,  a  co.  of  the  State  nf  Ohio. 

Fairfeld  Co.  in  Coime<Sicut,is  the  S  wefl- 
ernmoft  in  the  fhite ;  bounded  W  by  the 
ftate  of  N.  York,  E  by  N.  Haven  co.  N  by 
LitcLfidd,  and  S  by  Long  I.  found.  Its 
fli.-ips;  is  very  irregular.  It  is  divided  into 
I J  townfliips,  of  which  Fairfield  and  Dan- 
bury  are  the  chief  ;  and  contains  38,208 
inhabitants,  including  476  (laves.  It  is 
feparated  from  New  Haven  co.  and  part 
of  Litchfield  co.  by  Stratford  R.  Tlie 
other  patts  of  the  county  are  watered  by 
fmall  ftream.s,  as  Saugatuck,  Safco,  Pega- 
nook,  Five  Mile,  Rodens,  Mill,  and  May- 
amus  rivers.  Several  harbours,  and  a 
number  of  fmall  ifles  lie  along  the  found,in 
the  towns  of  Greenwich,  Stamford,  Nor., 
■walk,  Fairfield,  and  Stratford.  The  face  of 
the  county  is  rough,  but    the  foil  is  good . 

Fairfeld,  the  Unquoiua  of  the  Indians, 
a  port  town  and  port  of  entry -of  Ccnnec- 
ticut,  and  capital  of  the  above  county,  is 
pleafantly  fituated  on  Mill  Run,  a  httlc 
above  its  entrance  into  Long  I.  found,  aa 
miles  S  W  by  W  of  New  Haven,  and  64 
from  N.  York.  It  contains  about  aoo 
houfes  and  37,^5  inhabitants,  a  neat  Con- 
;grp^';itional  church,  and  a  court  houi'e. 
Abt)iit  4  miles  N  W  of  the  center  of  the 
town,  and  in  the  townfliip  is  the  beau- 
tiful parifli  of  Green ivich, in  which  is  a 
jlouiiihing  academy.  A  high  cmineuce 
in  the  centre  of  the  parifh  commands  a 
delightful  profpctl.  Fairfield  was  leitkd 
from  Weathdhfienlin  1639,  and  in  i^.i'^, 
contained  400  families.  It  was  burnt  by 
a  party  of  torie*.  and  BririiTi,  under  tiie 
command  of  gov.  Tryon,  in  177;  ;  tlie 
lofs  luflained,  amounted  to  upwards  of 
^.40,000.  Fairfield  carries  on  a  coniid- 
erablc  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  ye.ir  ending  Sept.  Xf  th,  1794, 
amounted  to '7 7,425  dolbrs. 

Fairfeld,  a  townfliip  in  Wcfbnjr*<ind 


FAX 

c*.  ^ennfylTania,  has  1363   inhabitant*. 

Fairfeld,  a  diftridl  of  S.  Carolina,  be- 
tween Waterce  R.  which  divides  it  front 
Lancafter  co.  and  Broad  R.  which  fepa- 
rates  it  from  Newbury  and  Union  diftridti. 
Its  chief  town  is  Winnfborough. 

Fairbaven,  in  Bridol  co.  Maffachufetts, 
lies  on  the  N  W  fide  of  Buzzard's  bay, 
and  on  the  caftem  fide  of  Accuflinet  river, 
oppofite  to  Bedford;  which, fee. 

Fairbaven,  a  confiderable  poll  town  in 
Rutland  ca.  Vermont,  N  W  of  Poultney. 
It  contains  411  inhabitants,  and  is  ji  mileq 
N  of  Bennington. 

Fairlee,  a  towndiip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  ConnedHcut  R. 
16  miles  NofDartmoutK  College.  The 
townfliip  is  hilly,  but  of  a  good  foil,  and 
has  feveral  glades  of  excellent  land.  In 
1 796  this  townfliip  was  divided  into  two, 
the  cafiernmoft  half  called  E.  Fairlee,  the 
other  W.  Fairlee;  the  former  of  which  con- 
tains 435  inhabitants,  and  the  latter  371. 

Fair  Weather,  Cape,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America,in  lat.  58  36  N.Ion.  X40  31  W. 

Fair  Wentber,  Cape,  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  b'es  northerly 
from  Cape  Virgin  Mary.  Slat,  j I  45,  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich  68  10. 

Falkland  If  es,  lie  at  no  great  diftance 
from  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  at  the  utmoft 
extremity  of  S.  America  ;  between  50 
and  56  W  Ion.  and  51  and  53  S  lat. 
Thefe  iflands  were  difcovercdby  Sir  Rich- 
ard Hawkins,  in  1504  ;  the  chief  of  the 
\wo  iflands  he  named  Hatviim  Maiderdcnd,^ 
in  honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  The  foil 
of  thefe  iflands  is  bad,  and  the  fliores  are 
beaten  by  perpetual  ftorms.  A  Britifli 
fettlement  was  made  here,  of  which  they 
were  difpofleflcd  by  the  Spaniards,  in 
1770,  foon  after  it  had  been  eftabliflied. 
The  Spaniards  now  fend  criminals '  to 
thefe  inhorpit.nble  fliores  from  llitir  lilllu- 
j\ients  in  America. 

Fall R.  u  an  inconfulerable  ftienm,  ril- 
ing in  Watuper  Pond,  in  RIkmIi?  Illniid, 
and  after  a  fluirt  N  VV  courle,  empties  in- 
to 'I'aunton  K. 

Fidl  river,  A  town  in  llilflol  rn.  MidVa- 
chufctt5,Uuethefoutherlypartofliectown, 
incorporated  1803,  50  miles  S  of  Boflon. 

/".///j, a  townfliip  -a  bucks  co.  Pennfyl- 
vani?.,  has  1680  inhabitants. 

FulLn  City,  or  Old  Jenfalem,  a  range  of 
rocks  among  the  Virgin  Illes,  in  the  \V  In- 
.lics,  S  \V  of  Virgin  Gorda,  N  lat.  i8  lo, 
\V  Ion.  6a  53. 

FaHitig  Sprirg,  a  branch  of  James  R.  in 
Virginia,  where  it  is  called  Jackfon's  H. 
tiling  in  the  mountain,  xo  miles  S   W  of 

tke 


the  Warm  Sp 

the  rock  aoo : 

higher  than  th 

the  fheet  of  \ 

plan  may  wal 

Faltnnuth,  a 

ing  Portland, 

c^yntaining  34; 

cd  on  Cafco  bi 

ton.    Incorpn 

Falmouth,  a  t 

Scotia  ;  fituai 

Bafin  of  Mina! 

N  W  of  HaUfi 

Falmouth,  a  I 

(table  CO.  Ma 

N  E  part  of  th 

W  fide  of  the 

S  E  by  S   of  E 

and  9  from  H 

veffels  are  owr 

each,  fix  of  w 

reft  coaflers  ;  1 

lew  the  bufin( 

the  fouthern  fl 

It  was  incorpo 

l%iz  inhabitar 

3  J.     It  is  a  pof 

Falmouth,  a 
Virginia,  fituai 
pahannock  riv( 
erickfburg.  It 
contains  an  £ 
bout  40  comp 
SWofDumfrii 
and  ao7  S 
Confiderable  q 
fpetEted  ho;*e. 

Falmoi'th,  a  t( 
fylvania,  on 
creek,  ao  mile; 
Falmouth,  a  t 
fhoro  of  the  ifl 
bnlies.     It  his 
Hud  Rendezv( 
atcd  in  fit.  Vm 
lli^rttr  Ihelidil 
Falmouth,  in 
W.  Indies,  com 
on  the  "i  lide 
and    including 
Martha  Brae  a 
houfes.     Here 
ain,  exclufu'c 

Fa'fe  Cape  U 
Terra  del  Fucjj 

FalfngiOn,  a 

Bucks  CO.  a8  m 
Famine  Port, 

£  coaft  of  the 


TAU 

Ihe  Warm  Spring.  The  watrr  falls  orer 
the  rock  aoo  feet,  which  is  about  50  feet 
higlier  than  the  fall  of  Niagara.  Between 
the  flieet  of  water  and  the  rock  below,  a 
man  may  walk  acrofs  drj'. 

Falmouth,  a  townfiiip,  formerly  includ- 
ing Portland,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
Cv/Utaining  344a  inhabitants.  It  is  fituat- 
cd  on  Cafco  bay,  lao  miles  N  N  E  of  Jiof- 
ton.     Incorporated  in  1718. 

Falmouth,  a  townfliip  in  Hants  co.  Nova 
Scotia  ;  fituated  on  the  S  £  fide  of  the 
Bafin  of  Minas,opr)oritc  Windfor,  aS  miles 
N  W  of  Halifax.  * 

Falmouth,  a  maritime  poft  town  in  E.irn- 
ftable  CO.  MaflTachufetts,  fituiited  on  the 
N  E  part  of  the  Vineyard  found,  on  the 
W  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name  ;  77  miles 
S  E  by  S  of  Bofto.i,  18  from  Sandwich, 
and  9  from  Holmes'  Hole.  About  fixty 
veffels  are  owned  here,  averaging  55  tons 
each,  fix  of  which  are  fifliing  vcflels,  the 
reft  coafters  ;  upwards  of  30  of  them  fol- 
low the  bufinefs  of  carrying  lumber  to 
the  fouthern  ftatcs  and  W.  India  Iflands. 
Jt  was  incorporated  in  i686,  and  contains 
ySSa  inhabitants.  N  lat.  41  33,  W  Ion.  70 
35.     It  is  a  port  town. 

Falmouth,  a  poll  to>'.'n  in  Stafford  co. 
Virginia,  fituated  on  the  N  bank  of  Rap- 
pahannock river,  neiirly  oppofite  to  Fred- 
ericklburg.  It  is  irregularly  built,  and 
coutaius  an  Epifcopalian  church  and  a- 
bout  40  compadk  houfes.  It  is  23  miles 
f>  W  of  Dumfries,  70  N  by  E  of  Richmond, 
and  207  S  wefterJy  of  Philadelphia. 
Confiderable  quantities  of  tobacco  are  ir;- 
fpedtcd  here. 

Falmouth,  a  town  in  Lancafter  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  on  the  .S  E  fide  of  Conawago 
creek,  -ao  miles  wefterly  of  I^ancafter. 

Falmouth,  a  town  and  harbour  on  the  S 
fhore  of  the  ifland  of  /intigua,  in  the  W. 
Iiulien.  It  h.i8  Englifli  1;  iiboiir  (Ml  llic  E, 
and  Rendexiviius  bay  on  the  W  ;  and  fitu- 
ated in  I'H.  I'niirB  parifii,  at  the  N  W  cor- 
ner hI  I  he  lull  hour,  which  ia  well  fortified. 

Falmouth,  in  the  illand  of  Jamaica,  in  the 
W.  Indies,  commonly  called  the  Point,  is 
on  the  S  fide  of  Martha  Brao  harbour ; 
and  including  the  adjoining  villages  of 
Marfha  Brae  and  tlie  Rork,  has  about  220 
houl'cs.  Here  30  rtiijxi  load  for  C  Brit- 
ain, excUifive  ot  lloops  and  finaller  craft. 

Fat/e  Cape  Horn,  the  S  weftern  point  of 
Terra  del  Fuego. 

Fatjingtoii,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania,  in 
Bucks  CO.  a8  miles  N  E  of  Philadelphia. 

Famine  Port,  a  fortrefs  feated  on  the  N 
1^  coaft  of  the  Araiu  of  Magellan,  i«  S. 


TAR 

America.  Here  a  Rpanlfii  gsrrifon»per- 
i filed  for  want;  fince  which  time  it  hai 
been  ncgledled.    S  lat.  $^  44,  W  Ion.  70  ao. 

Famiet,?!  townlhip  in  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, has  1036  inhabitants. 

Fngitkr  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  boiinc'.ed  N  by 
Loudon,  and  E  by  Prince  William.  It  i» 
about  ^s  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and 
contains  i'i,57S  free  inhabitants,  and  8751 
flaves.  At  faquicr  court  houfe  is  a  poll 
ofTice,  51  miies  from  Wafiiington. 

FarfveU,  Ccpr,  the  S  point  of  W.  Crccn» 
land,  on  the  N  fide  ot'  the  entrance  of 
Davis's  ftraits,  N.  America.  N  lat.  59  37, 
W  long.  42  43. 

Farm'n^frn,  a  very  flourlflTing  tnwnfliip 
of  excellent  land,  in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine, 
on  Sandy  R.  which,  in  the  S  E  part  of  the 
town,  has  falls,  which  aftbrd  excellent  mill 
feats.  Here  are  faw  mills,  a  carding  ma- 
chine, grift  mill,  and  fulling  mill,  already 
ercd>ed.  There  is  a  >4ethodift  place  of 
worfliip  ;  3.5  miles  N  W  of  Halhnvell,  35 
fame  courfe  from  Augufta,  and  204  N  N 
E  of  Bofton.  Number  of  inliabitants,  942. 
A  very  few  years  fince  this  towuflup  wai 
a  wlldernefs.     It  has  ?  pofl  oflice. 

F.irmington,  a  hirge,  plcafaut,  and  wealthy 
port  town  in  Hartford  co.  ConnccVicut,  10 
miles  S  W  of  Hartford  city,  3a  N  E  of  N. 
Haven,  and  2*  E  of  Litchfield.  Farming- 
ton  river,  a  water  of  Connecticut,  mean- 
ders delightfully  through  charming  inter- 
vals, which  beautify  and  enrich  thii.  town. 
The  houfes,  in  the  compad't  ppit  of  this 
town,  ftand  chiefly  on  a  iirect  wiiich  rur.» 
N  and  S  along  the  gentle  declivity  of  a 
hill,  which  afcends  E  of  the  intervals ; 
about  the  centre  ofjhe  ftrcef  fiands  ?.  Ir.rge 
and  handfome  Congregational  cluirch. 
This  town  was  fettled  as  early  as  1645, and 
its  limits  then  were  very  extenfive.  .Sev- 
eral towns  have  been  fince  taken  from  it. 
It  has  2809  inhabitants. 

Farmitigton,  a  river  of  Conncifl:icnt,which 
rifes  in  MafTachiifetts,  and  runs  S  eafierly 
through  Hartland,  Bark  Hampftead,  and 
New  Hartford.  In  the  borders  of  Hart- 
ford CO.  it  receives  a  weftcrn  branch, which 
rifes  from  feveral  ponds  in  Colebrook, 
continuing  this  courfe  to  Farmington, 
where  meeting  mountains,  it  turns  north- 
erly to  fcarch  a  pafiage  to  the  Conncdti- 
cut.  After  running  15  miles,  it  meets 
Salmon  river,  when  united  they  rufh 
through  the  mountain,  and  down  a  catar- 
adl  of  150  feet,  after  which  it  is  called 
Windfor  river,  and  in  a  S  E  courfe  mingles 
with  Conne<fticut  river,  4  miles  above 
Hartford. 


FAT 


FED 


I  i  Ml! 


TarmvlUe,  a  rmnll  port  town  in  Prince 
Edwinl  CO.  Virginia,  lituiiteJ  on  Apiio- 
m  it'ix  R  8  miles  N  of  tl\c  court  fmulc,  IX 
S  W  of  Richmoiid,  and  iio  from  Wiifli- 
iiijjt'ni.  The  river  i»  bontable  from  tliis 
to  i'eterfbiir^li. 

F.i>;iljii)hy  a  p.)fl  towii  ill  Uii:tjmoniI  ro. 
Virjjiiii^,  H'Tc  i»  a  \)\i\\  oJii'e  ijy  mile* 
fro.n  WiiniingU'tj. 

FuvQurihli-  Lidc,  in  N  Lit.  .<i  43,  M'  Ion. 
9.t  10,  is  tltc  fource  of  two  \^xgc  river*,  at 
the  Tio'.ith  of  one  of  \v!:ich,  cmntying  info 
Wini;ipei!;laK'e,l>.in'U  the  Cana.liau  hoiife. 
The  otiier  is  the  ii  \V  branch  of  Severn 
river. 

/"/Ti//;,  a  towafliip  in  York  co.  Pcnr.fyl- 
THnia,  on  the  W  bank  of  Sufnuehann;!  H. 
en  the  Maryland  hne,  has  iai4  inhabit- 
ants. 

Fiivfftf,  a  fettlcm'nt  in  Tioga-ro.  N.  York, 
between  the  ITnadilla  and  the  main  hrancli 
rf  the  Chenengo.  It  is  laid  ont  into  100 
lots  of  a  fqiiare  mile  each,  as  nearly  as  the 
gronnd  will  permit. 

Fiiyrite  Co.  in  Fennfy!vania,  is  bounded 
N  by  Weftmoroland,  i^  by  part  <»f  Mary- 
l:ind  and  Virginia,  and  W  l)y  Munongahela 
R.  It  is  y)  miles  in  length,  and  19  in 
breadth,  and  contains  47;,,2}^o  acres  ;  di- 
vided into  17  townfliips,  of  which  Union 
19  the  chief.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
is  20,159. 

FiiyMe,  a  dlftricl  of  N.Caro'in?,  compre- 
hending 6  counties,  viz.  Moore,  Cumhor- 
l.and,  Sampfon,  Rich'.'ioud,  Kobcfon.  and 
Anfon.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Hililborough, 
S  E  by  Wilmington  and  Newbern,  W  by 
SalilJury,  and  .S  by  the  (Ute  of  ti.  Carolina. 
It  is  I  JO  miles  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth, 
and  contains  41,358  inhabitants,  of  whom 
8206  are  flavcs.  The  fnrface  is  varied 
with  hills  and  dales,  and  is  in  general  well 
watered. 

Fayette,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  24  miles 
long,  20  broad,  bounded  N  by  Scott  coun- 
ty, N  K  by  Bourbon,  E  by  Clark,  S  by 
Madifon  and  Jeflarainc,  and  W  by  Wood- 
ford. It  lies  on  a  height  of  land,  the 
ftreams  running  from  it  in  e\'cry  direc- 
tion ;  the  foil  is  excellent.  It  contains 
12,2^3  inhabitants,  of  whom  3786  are  in 
Havcry.     Chief  town,  Lexington. 

Fjyettev:lle,  lb  called  in  honor  of  the 
Marquis  La  Fayette  ;  a  douriiliing  port 
town  of  N,  Carolina,  the  feat  of  juftice  for 
the  above  diflridb,  and  pleafantly  fituated 
in  Cumberland  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  R.  nearly  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  and  100  miles 
sbove  Wilmington,  and  61  foutherly  of 


Raleigh.  On  the  banfc  of  the  riVer,  ft;<n4 
a  few  buildings  and  the  tobacco  warc- 
houl'es,  v.'hich  have  received  in  one  fcaibii 
6000  hhtis.  of  tobacco,  ('(jiial  in  quality  to 
that  »i  Peterlburg.  The  compact  part  of 
the  toivn  'm  Ikuated  aluiut  a  mile  from  the 
river,  near  tlve  jiiutftion  of  Blount'h  and 
C'ofs  creek;  en  which  laft  it  is  chielly 
cret'led,  and  from  that  circumftauce  wa« 
formerly  n-nned  Crofs  Creek.  On  both 
ftdi's  the  creek  are  about  4C0  houfes,  a 
handlomc  edifices  for  the  fupreme,  dif- 
tris.'.f,  antl  c«)unty  courts,  and  the  meeting* 
of  tiie  to\vn  «)fficers  and  its  citizens.  1  he 
F;ee  Ma'on's  lodge  is  alfo  a  large  and 
handfome  building.  The  town  is  regu- 
ularly  laid  out,  ixiid  its  principal  (trcets  are 
100  feet  wide.  Here  are  3  mills,  2  con- 
lidoraMe  diftilleriea  and  breweries,  and 
ffvei  id  extenfive  tanyards.  The  trade  ti» 
W  ilmington  is  very  conliderable,  to  which 
it  lends  down  tobacco,  wheat,  flour,  beef, 
pork,  riaxfccd,  hemp,  cotton,  butter,  lum- 
ber, flavcs,  naval  llores,  &c.  The  boatt 
ufed  in  tranfporting  thefe  articles  to  Wil- 
mington, contain  about  120  barrels,  and 
make  tiieir  returns  of  European  and  India 
goods,  &c.  in  fr<mi  10  to  ao  days.  The 
lituiition  of  the  town  is  agret-aljle  and 
healthy,  and  well  adapted  for  cftablifliing 
manufaiflories.  The  country  immediate- 
ly round  the  town  is  coafiderably  elevat- 
ed, and  the  foil  dry  and  barren  ;  but  near 
the  water  courfes,  which  are  numerous, 
the  foil  is  as  rich  as  any  in  the  flate.  Since 
tlie  (ire  ill  179a,  which  deflroyed  many 
houfes,  the  people  begin  to  build  with 
brick,  which  arc  made  here  of  a  good 
quality,  and  fold  rtafonably.  The  towrt 
ftands  in  a  fettleinent  of  .Scotch  Highland- 
ers, and  is  S5  miles  N  W  of  Camden  in  S. 
Carolina,  100  S  W  of  Tarborough,  147  S 
WbyS  of  Haiifa*,379  S  by  W  of  Wafliing- 
ton  city,and  526  S  W  byS  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  poft  office,  and  1656  inhabitants. 

Fayftte,  a  town  in  Kenncbcck  co.  Maine, 
bounded  wcftcrly  by  Livermore,  eafterly 
by  Mount  Vernon,  Wayne,  and  a  largQ 
pond  called  Great  Amerelkoggen  pond, 
it  has  532  inhabitants. 

Fayjloivn,  a  townlliip  in  Chittenden  cq, 
Vermont,  has  18  inhabitants. 

Ftar  Point,  Cape,  at  the  month  of  Capo 
Fear  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  4  miles  S  S  E  ot 
the  light  houfe  on  Bald  Head. 

FfJeral  City,     See  JVaJhiiigtuii  City. 

Fedcraljhurg,  a  village  in  Maryland,  on 
the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay,  fituated  on 
Mariliy  Hope  creek,  partly  in  Dorchefter 
and  partly  in  Caroline  co.  5  miles  E  N  E 

of 


TTLIL 

•f  Hunting  Creek  town,  and  a(>out  20  N 
£  of  Cambridge. 

Fe  d'Aiitiodiia,  Saiilit,  the  moft  nortlierii 
town  of  Popayan,  a  dillridkof  Terra  l-ir- 
nia.  It  is  lituated  2C'-o  inik>»  N  of  Fopaynn 
rity,  near  the  confines  of  the  province  of 
Carthagena,  on  the  b:tnk»  of  St  Martha 
K.  and  near  180  milcii  S  of  it*  conflux  with 
the  Mugdalena.  'i'l>itJi.>r  the  iniir.bitHnis 
leinovecl  from  Antiochia,  15  IcKgui-s  from 
it,  now  an  inconliderable  pLce,  wherean 
Santa  Fe  d'Antiochia  isa  conliderable  place 
«nd  capital  of  the  audience  of  Kanta  I'e. 

Ff  tin  Biiguta,  Santa,  the  capital  of  New 
Grenada,  S.  America,  fituated  on  the 
banks  of  the  little  river  Pati,  a  water  of 
the  Magdalena  ;  is  180  -nilts  M  of  the  bot- 
tom of  Bonaventiira  bay.  it  is  an  arch- 
birtiop'i  fee,  and  the  feat  ort  an  unlvciTity 
founded  by  kinc;  Philip  III.  in  r6io.  Near 
this  city  arc  gold  mines.  The  air  is  tem- 
perate and  healthful,  and  provilions  plen- 
ty    S  lat.  4  10,  W  Km.  74  5, 

Fe,  or  Foy,  Saitta,  a  place  in  the  middle 
•f  Veragua,  a  province  in  the  audience  of 
Guatiiuala.in  N.America,  where  the  king 
rf  Spain  keeps  officer*  for  cafling  and  re- 
fining gold.  It  fiaiids  at  the  t'ource  of  a 
river  which  runs  into  the  North  Sea. 

Fi,  Santa,  the  capital  of  New  Mexico. 
It  is  (ituated  near  the  fource  of  Rio  dd 
Nort,  130  leagues  fron»  its  mouth,  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  faid  to  be  a  rich 
and  regularly  built  city,  and  a  bitliop's 
fee.  Baudrand  makes  it  9  kagues  from 
the  river.  It  Is  alfo  called  Santa  Fe  de 
Grenada ;  by  others  New  Mexico.  N  lat. 
36,  W  Ion.  104. 

Fe,  Simla,  a  city  of  Paraguay,  S.  America, 
150  leagues  S  by  W  of  the  city  of  Aflumj>- 
tion.  The  inhabitants  are  cliicfly  em- 
ployed in  hufbandry,  grazing,  and  weav- 
ing cloth.  They  fell  their  produtT^ions 
and  manufatflures  to  gOi)d  profit  in  Urazil. 
From  hence  is  a  road  to  Potoli  in  Peru, 
and  to  Corbuda  in  Tucumana ;  w'lich 
I)eing  eafy  and  convenient,  is  very  advan- 
tageous to  this  place.  The  di  (lance  not 
being  above  350  leagues.  It  fbuds  on  the 
W  fide  of  Paraguay  R.  S  lat.  30  45,  W 
Ion.  60  40. 

Felipe,  T  Sunt  Va^o,  a  large  bay  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Ffpir: tu  Santo.  See 
Tierra  AiiJlralJel  EfpiiHu  Santo, 

Felix,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
N  N  W  of  Juan  Fernandes,  aiid  due  W  of 
Copiapo,  in  S.  America.  S  lat.  26,  W  Ion. 
from  Paris  83. 

Feir;  Point.     See  Baltimnre. 

Jbrt  Pauit  an,  ua  tlic  W  coaft  of  lake 


r  I « 

Champlain,  lies  in  Clinton  c».  nenrly  | 
i  miles  S  of  the  divilioii  liiie  between  N. 
;  York  and  1..  Canada,  ;<iid  2.7  miles  S  of 
I  St.  John's.  'I'lu;  Hritifli  occupied  a  bar- 
I  rack  here,  furniflierl  with  one  Held  piece, 
I  a  few  nien,  and  a  fubaltcrn  olliicr.  It  Jiai 
I  been  given  up  a.-cording  to  treaty. 
;  FrrihihiiiJ  Narniikii,  an  illand  on  the  coj'ft 
I  of  lira/Jl,  S.  America,  in  S  lat.  3  j6,  Vf 
j  Ion.  32  4.V 

FeriKiiihu^h,  a  townfliip  in  Mifflin  c©. 
'  Pcnnl'yivania.  It  has  1505  inhabitants. 
I  Fen-ijliiygh,  a  townlliip  in  Addil'on  co. 
i  Vermont,  oi»  lake  Champlniu.  It  cun- 
I  tains  9.?fi  iuhabilaiits.  Otter  creek,  l.ittlt 
j  Otter  uiid  Lewis's  creeks  f.'i'l  into  ll. "  lake 
here. 

JuJLrs  F.llio-.r,  a  bend  of  Wood  civ  k, 
between  the  outlet  of  South  bay  and  1  e 
)nouth  of  the  creek,  at  the  northern  tii.t 
oi  la1:e  CluiTiplain,  opiMjIire  the  mouth  of 
l"a(t  bay.  The  month  oi  Wood  cretkiiei 
ill  N  lat.  43  3i,  Wlon.  73  1.5  12. 

Fi;:iJ.t!n\t  JJhnd,  called  by  the  FiencU 
Crofe  Ijie a  X  Dindet,  lies  about  4  miles  lie- 
lowl)ctrc)t ;  it  is  valuable  for  palluro,  but 
has  very  little  wood;  tlie  Indian-i  in  tii* 
lum.mer  mal.e  it  a  place  of  cncampnieiu, 
and  fome  of  them  plant  a  little  ix^rii ; 
there  is  no  other  improvement  on  it.  ( -u 
the  uppcrmcft  end  of  tiie  ifland  are  velt- 
jgcs  of  entrenchments,  from  behind  the 
bteaft  works  of  which,  the  Indians  annoy- 
ed the  Biitilli  fln'pping,  as  they  pafi'ed, 
lhc)rtly  after  the  reduiitiun  of  Detroit 

S»i  \'th. 
Figtree  Bay,  lies  on  the  S  W  tide  of  tlie 
ifland  of  St.'Chrifldphei's,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies, at  the  head  of  which  Hands  Sandy 
Fort  town.  'I'he  bay  is  fccured  by  a  fort 
on  each  fide. 

FinnijVe,  a  poft  town  in  Virginia,  anil- 
capital  uf  I5outetourt  co.  lituated  on  the 
E  tide  of  Catabaw  creek,  a  liuall  ftreai* 
which  falls  into  James  R.  on  the  W  fid* 
of  the  North  Mountain.  Here  are  about 
50  honfc'i,  a  coiirt  houfe  and  gaol.  It  con- 
tains 426  free  inhabitants,  and  276  blacks, 
and  lies  on  the  poft  road  from  Richmond 
to  Kentucky,  36  indcs  ealterly  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  ly.  Wby  N  of  Richmond. 

Finch  TnvVjVtp,  in  the  county  of  Slor- 
niont,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  in  tlie  rear,  aud- 
io the  W  of  Olhabruck. 

Fit.'iley,  A  townfliip  in  Wafhington  c». 
Pennsylvania,  has  869  inhabitants. 

Fiieplnce,  Suffolk  CO.  N.  York.     Here  ig 

;i  poft  office,  295  miles  from  Wafliington. 

F-Jhcrsjietd,  a  townfliip  in  Hilin)oiougl» 

CO.  N.  t^mpilure,  incorporated  in  1763, 

•ontaiein£ 


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<!onta!nfn;;5a6inhuhii  M\ts.  Siinapeepoiitl 
lifit  partly  here,  anil  la  the  tuwiiAiii)  t)f 
Weiulcl.  It  if  I'bout  l6  milci  calkcrly  of 
L'liarledown. 

Fijhi-ri  IjlinU  iii  Long  Ifland  found,  lie* 
Oppolite  to  Orototi  in  Con  cifliciit,  is 
about  10  milc!>  in  Icngtli  and  i  in  breadth, 
liaviiig  a  good  foil,  i.ivourable  for  raifin;; 
fliecp.  It  produces  alfo  wheat  and  othi-r 
grain.  It  iit  antu-xcd  to  the  tmvnfliip  of 
iSouthhold,  in  .'iiiFolk  ro.  on  i^ag  IP.and. 

J'ijhiiifr  Biiy,  in  M.iryland,  lies  on  tlic  E 
fide  of  Chrfapeak  bay,  partly  in  Dorchcf- 
tsr  and  Jr'omcrfct  counties.  It  receiven 
Icveral  rivcru  from  each  countv,  the  cliicf 
ofwliich  are  Wicomico,  Naiiticolic:  ;  alio 
Tranfqnakiiig  and  Ulackwatcr  creeks. 
The  entrance  into  this  !arj;e  bay  lies  be- 
iwccn  Oold{bt>rou2h  and  Dtvil's  iflands, 

FJuiiijr  Bay,  on  tlic  S  fide  of  lake  Onta- 
rio, i<(  about  ,'}7  noics  K  of  lort  Niagara. 

P'filiii^  Cr^.-i-  :.  Unvnfliip  on  Sultiuehan- 
n:i  R.  in  I'ciinfylvauia.     Sec  Nuiihumbtr' 

lunJ  Co. 

Fifukill, :»  pnfl  town  in  Dutchcfs  co.  N. 
Yoric,  j  miles  \l  olHudron  R.  on  Fiflikill, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Hij;hlands,  which  riic 
S  of  it ;  containing  about  30  houfcs,  a 
church  for  f-ijifcopalian:!,  and  one  for 
Low  Dutch,  'i'he  townlhip  is  very  cx- 
tcnlive,  and  contains  6  churches,  3  for 
the  reformed  Dutch,  i  for  Prefbytcrians, 
I  for  Uaptilli,  i  for  Methodilts,  and 
))as  6168  inhabitants,  of  whom  5Z4  are 
Jiavcs.  It  lies  14  miles  S  by  E  of  Pough- 
Iteepficoppofite  Ncwburgh,  and  66  N  of 
N.  York.  city.  There  arc  a  few  houfes 
only  at  the  Landing,  ou  the  margin  of 
the  river. 

FIJbklU  Landing,  is  part  of  the  above 
town,  on  the  river,  where  is  a  pofl  office. 

I'ijb  Kill,  or  Creek,  on  which  the  town 
above  delcribcd  (lands,  and  from  which 
it  derives  its  name,  is  fmall,  and  empties 
into  Hudfon  R.  about  a  mile  below  the 
Landing,  and  nearly  oppolitc  New  Wlnd- 
for.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a  fmall  dream 
which  runs  S  W  into  Oneida  lake.  Like- 
wife,  a  Aream  which  rifes  from  Saratoga 
lake,  and  runs  6  miles  eaflerly  to  the 
Hudfon.  Its  mouth  is  oppofite  Batten 
.Icill,  z  miles  above  Saratoga  town  ;  and 
on  the  N  fide  of  which  Gen.  Burgoyne's 
army  laid  down  their  arms  as  prifoners. 

FitMiurgb,  a  pod  town  of  MaiTachufetts, 
Worcefter  co.  45  miles  N  of  Worcefter, 
and  50  N  W  of  Bodon.  It  has  1390  in- 
habitants. 

FiUiuilliam,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co. 
V.  Hamplhirc,  about  id  milet  £  of  Con- 


r  licitt  R.  and  fcparated  front  Royalf 
ton  in  Woricfter  co.  Maflachufetts,  by 
tite  flatc  line.  It  was  incorporated  in 
X77.I1  •'"'I  contains  i  Z40  inhabitants. 

Fint  Fort,  is  fitiiatcd  185  niilcii  W  S  W 
of  Winnipeg  lake.  N  lat.  49  41,  W  Ion. 
102. 

Flamliorougl),  a  faAory  of  the  HudAin 
b.^y  company,  on  the  S  wtderu  fide  of 
iludfoa  bay. 

Fliimhijrougb  Toioiijhl/>,\a  U.  Canada,  dir< 
tinguillicd  by  Ka(t  a:nd  Wcfl  Flambor- 
ough,  in  the  wefl  riding  of  the  county  of 
York,  lies  W  of  the  MiOafaga  lands,  and 
fronts  Dundas  (trect. 

FtiitLiiJb,  the  chief  town  of  King's  co. 
Long  I.  N.  York.  It  is  a  pleafant  and 
hcaltiiy  town,  j  miles  S  by  £  from  N. 
York  city.  It  contains  a  number  of 
dwellijig  houfes,  mofily  in  one  ftreet  ; 
many  of  which  are  elegant  and  commo- 
dious. I'hc  inhabitants  are  chiefly  of 
Dutch  cxtradtion.  It  contains  946  in- 
habitants, of  vi'hum  341  arc  (laves.  The 
produtflions  uic  various  kinds  of  fruit, 
vegetables,  grain,  &c.  which  (ind  a  ready 
market  in  the  metropolis.  The  land  lie* 
lo<v;  and  in  fummer  the  whole  townHiip 
app'?ar8  like  an  cxtenfive  garden.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  Dutch  church,  a 
court  houfe,  and  an  academy,  called  Eral" 
mus  Hall,  the  mod  (lourifhing  of  all  the 
academies  in  the  (late.  It  is  in  a  pleafant 
and  healthful  fituation,  4  miles  front 
Brookline  ferry.  A  bloody  battle  Ava» 
fought  near  this  town  on  the  a7th  of  Au- 
gu(i,  1776,  when  the  Americans  weie  de- 
feated by  the  Britifli  with  great  lofs. 
The  remains  of  the  American  army  re- 
treated to  N.  York,  under  the  cover  of  a 
thick  fog,  which  rofe  in  a  very  uncom- 
mon and  providential  manner,  and  waa 
the  means  of  laving  the  American  army. 

Flat  IJlands,  in  U.  Canada,  lie  to  the  W 
of  the  Manitou  iflands,  and  open  to  the 
(Iraits  of  Michilimackinac,  upon  lake 
Huron.  Smytb. 

FlattanJs,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  King's  co. 
Long  I.  diftant  from  N.  York  city  6  or  7 
miles.  It  contains  4^3  inhabitants,  of 
whom  128  are  (laves. 

Flat  XoU,  is  an  cxpanfive,  clear,  flat 
rock,  but  a  little  above  the  iurfacc  of  the 
ground,  and  near  the  banks  of  a  delight- 
ful rivulet  of  excellent  water,  which  is 
one  of  the  head  branches  of  Great  Ogee- 
chee  R.  in  Georgia.  This  is  a  common 
rendezvous  or  camping  place  for  traders 
and  Indians. 

Flatttry,  Cajie,  fo  named  by  Capt,  Cook, 

OS 


flat 


•n  account  nf  iti  promifln;T  at  a  diftance 
whatU  denied  on  a  ncdtvr  approach.  I.at. 
48  15.  Ion.  t.i.f  .^oE.  'i'liUcape.Capt.  In- 
^rahnin  of  Bofkont  found  to  In-  tlic  S  lidc  of 
the  entrance  nf  the  flraits  of  Juan  dc  l''uca. 
N  lat.  4K  35,  W  Ion.  11.)  jz.     Ste  J''ui.i. 

F/emiii(r,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bouail- 
cd  N  l»y  MafoHiS  E  by  Virginia,  S  W  and 
W  liy  Montgomery.  It  h  muuntainou!*, 
And  watered  by  fever.tl  ftrcams  which  fall 
into  bandy  and  Liclcini^  rivers  It  con- 
tains  4893  inhabitants,  240  arc  flavet. 

Fttmingjiurgh,  the  chief  town  of  Flem- 
ing CO.  Kentucky,  containin<;  123  peoj)le. 
Hu  1  c  i»  a    xift  office. 

FUmifi'i  a  fmall  port  t(»\vn  nf  N.  Jer- 
fry,  in  ilti  lun  co.   lii  h  about  6  miles 

N  eaftwa'  .\mwell  on  Delaware  R. 

a.3  N  N  \.  ■■  Trcnton09  S  of  Pitlftown, 
and  53  N  K  by  N  of  Philadelphia.  It 
contains  about  a  dozen  coinpidlc  houfeit, 
and  has  a  poft  office. 

Fielder,  Vi  townfhip  in  Franklin  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  zco  inhaliitanis.  It  has 
Cambridge  on  the  S  E,  and  Georgia  W 

Flint  R.  a  confiderable  river  of  Georgia, 
which  rifes  in  the  country  of  the  Creek 
Indians,  and  running  a  S,  and  thence  a  S 
W  courfe,  joins  the  Appalachicola,  at  its 
entrance  into  Florida.  The  Flint  is  about 
30  rods  wide,  and  h-om  la  to  15  feet  deep 
in  fummer,  and  has  a  gentle  current. 
The  territory  lying  on  tliis  river,  cfpet- 
ially  on  the  upper  part  of  it,  prefcnts  ev- 
ery appearance  of  a  delightful  and  fruit- 
ful region  in  feme  future  day ;  it  being  a 
rich  foil,  and  exceedingly  well  fituated 
for  every  branch  of  agriculture,  and  of- 
fers an  uninterrupted  navigation  to  the 
bay  of  Mexico,  and  Atlantic  ocean,  and 
thence  to  the  W.  India  iflands  and  over 
the  wliole  world.  There  are  a  nuni!)er 
of  vilhgcs  of  Creek  Indians  on  this  river. 

Flint,  a  fmall  river,  about  ^i  miles  long, 
in  the  GenefTee  country,  in  N.  Yark, 
which  runs  NNEintoTanandarqua  creek. 

Fli/ijlon,  {now  Baldwin)  Cumberland  eo. 
Mai'ic.  It  has  one  eminence  in  it  called 
Saddle  Back  mountain,  but  the  country 
in  general  is  level  enough  for  cultivation. 
One  half  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  and 
white  oak.     Sec  BuUivin,  appendix. 

Florida,  a  poft  town  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  6  or  8  miles  S  of  Gofl»en,  and  jO 
N  W  of  N.  York  city. 

Florida,  a  town  in  Montijomery  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  at  the 
mouth  of  Schoharie  creek.  Fort  Hunter 
jsJn  this  town,  wlitch  fee.  It  has  in8 
inhabitaati. 
Vot.  I.  X 


FLO 

PlniiJ,!,   E^Ji  and    IViJf,  belonging   to 
Spain,  fituated  l)etween  ac  and  .u  N  lat, 
and  between  80  and  91  W  ion.  a  I  tout  600 
miles  in   length.     Its  breadth   ih  various  ; 
the  broadcfi  patt  of  W.  Florida  \i  about 
i;;u  mih-s,  while  the  narrow  pcninfula  of 
£.  Florida  extends,  in  the  faiiir  direction, 
from  i>  to  N  400  miles.     It  U  bounded  14 
by  Georgia,  .S  by  the  gulf  of  Mexi(;o,  £ 
by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  and   W  by   the 
Milfilippi,  which  feparates  it  from   Lou- 
ifiana,  ami  iii  luarly  o'     '>e  form  oi   the 
letter  1..     W.  Morida  .-.  <  'luiiued  F  by  the 
river  Appalachicda     'Aietai^   it   exi>.iids 
W  to  the  RegoI'U,  k,:  th;  ev 'ranee  into 
lake  Ponchartrain  ;  tiicncr  through  the 
lakes   PoLiehartr.tin  and   Miurcpas,  and 
along  the  livcr  Iberville  to  the  Millifippi, 
and  thence  to  the  S  boundary  of  the  U  S. 
[Ni.il/jins.]     Among  its  rivers  that  fall  in- 
to the  Atlantic,  St.  John's    and   Indian 
rivers   are  the  chief.     Seguana,  Appala- 
chicola, Chatahatchi,  Efeambia,  Mobile, 
Pafeagoula  and   Pearl  rivers  all   rife  in 
Georgia,  and  run  foutherly  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.     The   principal  bays  are  St. 
Bernard's,  AfcLnfion,  Mobile,  Penfacola, 
Dauphin,  Jofcph,  Apalachy,  Spiritu  Sanc- 
to ;  and  the  chief  capes  are  Blanco,  St. 
Blaizc,  Anclotc,  and  Cape  Florida  at  the 
extremity  of  the  ptiiinl'ula.     The  climate 
is  little  dificrciit   from  that  of  Georgia. 
There  are,  in  this  country,  a  great  vari- 
ety of  foils  ;  the  ealltrn  part  of  it,  ncai* 
to,  and  about  St.  Auguftinc,  is  by  far  the 
moft  unfruitful ;  yet  c\'cn  tlicrc.twocropa 
i  of  Indian  corn  are   annually  produced. 
I  The  banks  of  the  rivers  which  water  the 
j  Floridas,  and  the  p.irtk  c(mti.^u)iif,  are  of 
{  a  fuperiorq  lality,  nnd  wtil  ?d  ipttd  to  the 
I  culture  ol' rice  anfl  corn.     Tin.- line  land* 
near   the    river  iilfeanibi?.,  t-re  defcriiied 
under  the  account  of  that  river.  The  inte- 
rior country,  wlii..li  i>  iiigh  .^nd  picafant, 
abounds  with  wood  ofalinofl  every  kind, 
particularly  wljite  and  red  oak,  live  oak, 
hurei  magiidia.pine,  hickory.evprcfV,  red 
I  and  white  ccdir.     The  live  oak-*,  thourl» 
n.)t  tall,  contain  h  pri)di;.ioub  quantity  of 
I  timber.     The  trunk  is  generally  from  ii 
I  to  20  feet  in   circiimrcrcnce.  and  rifts  10 
I  or    12    feet  from    the   earth,   and   t|)f,x 
'  branches  into  4  or  5  great  limbs,  which 
grow  in   nearly  a   horTzontal   diretT::;on 
I  forming   a    gentle   curve.     "  I  havg  ftco- 
1  ped"  lays  Eartram,  "  above  50  paces  on 
.  a  ftraigl.t  lint,  fiom  tlie  trunk  of  q^p  of 
I  thel'e  trees  to  ti>e  extremity  of  the  limhs." 
;  They  are  ever  green,  and  the  wood  al- 
'.muft  incorruptible      They   bear  a  gn  at 

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FLO 


FOG 


quantity  of  finall  acorus,  which  is  agree- 
able fund  when  roadcd,  and  from  which 
the  Indians  cxtratfl  a  fweet  oil,  which  tliey 
life  in  cuukiug  homminy  and  rice.  The 
l.iurcl  magnolia  in  the  mod  beautiful 
aiiiong  the  trees  of  the  forcfl,  and  is  ufu- 
aily  KO  feet  high,  though  foincuie  much 
higher.  The  trunk  is  pcrfedlly  eredt, 
riling  in  the  form  of  a  be.iutiful  eolumu, 
and  fupporting  a  head  like  an  obtufe 
cone.  The  flowers,  whicli  are  on  the  tx- 
trciiiity  of  the  branches,,  arc  large,  white, 
and  expanded  like  a  rofe,  aad  are  the 
largcft  and  moft  complete  of  any  yet 
known  ;  when  fHlly  expanded,  they  are 
from  6  to  9  inches  diameter,  and  lirive  a 
moft  delicious  fragrance.  The  cypriifs  is 
the  largeft  of  tlvc  American  trees.  «'  1 
liavc  ftcn  trunks  of  thefe  trees,"  fays 
Uartram,  "that  would  nxalure  8, 10  and 
la  feet  in  diameter,  for  40  and  jO  feet 
fliaft."  The  trunk*  make  exctlicnt  fliin- 
gles,  boards,  and  oilier  timber  ;  and  when 
hollowed,  make  durable  and  convenient 
canots.  The  garden  vegetables  are  in 
liigli  perfetflion  ;  the  orange  and  lemon 
trc'is  grow  here,  without  cultivation,  to 
a  large  llze,  and  produce  better  fruit  than 
in  Spain  and  Portugal.  The  intervales 
between  the  hilly  irarts  of  t!>is  country 
arc  extremely  rich.  The  principal  town 
in  V\'.  Florida  is  P..nfacoh  ;  in  E.  Florida, 
St.  Auguftiiie.  The  Spanilh  (brength  in 
the  Florida*,  and  Louiliana,  in  r790j  was 
as  follows,  a'.eordiivg  to  Mr.  Melford's 
account  :  Troops  and  levies  at  St.  Au- 
g'.iftine  and  on  St.  John's  river,  400  ;  St. 
Marks,  too  ;  Penfacola,  350  ;  Mobile  and 
Tombigbee,  150;  at  the  Natchez,  aoo; 
Red  river,  ico;  Illinois  river,  300;  in  all 
1600  men,  called  the  Orleans  or  Louiliana 
rcgiiiient.  The  number  of  Americ.in 
families  that  have  been  Spaniflv  fubjects 
(ince  178.1,  amounts  to  1720,  viz.  at  Ten- 
f.ui,  near  Mobile  bay,  90  ;  on  T'^mbigbee 
river,  130  ;  at  the  Natchez  on  the  MilTi- 
fippi,  1500.  All  the  fettlcrs  in  thcfe  Uif- 
tricls  are  uiukr  the  immediate  orders  of 
the  military  commandants,  and  fubjetil;  to 
martial  law  ;  with  an  appeal  from  ftage 
to  (lage,  up  to  the  viceroy  of  Mexico. 
The  property  of  the  fubjcA  at  his  de- 
ccafc  is  to  be  managed  by  the  command- 
ant, -vhofe  fees,  by  law,  are  enormous. 
Until  the  year  ij86,  the  continent  of  N. 
America  went  by  the  name  of  Florida. 
It  received  this  name  from  John  Ponce, 
bccaufe  when  he  landed  in  N  lat.  38  8, 
in  April,  15 13,  he  found  the  country 
there  iu  full  bloom.    Florida  hat  fre- 


quently changed  mailers,  belonging  aUfr* 
nately  to  the  French  and  Spaniards.  W* 
Florida,  as  far  as  Pcrdido  R.  was  owned 
and  occupied  by  the  French  ;  the  remain- 
der, and  all  E.  Florida,  by  the  Spaniards, 
previous  to  their  being  ceded  to  the  Brit- 
illi,  at  the  peace  of  i*/63.  The  Britifli 
divided  this  country  into  E.  and  W.  Flor- 
id;t.  During  the  American  war,  both  the 
Floridas  were  reduced  by  the  Spaniard*, 
and  guarantied  to  the  crown  of  tipain  by 
the  definitive  treaty  of  1783. 

F/oriih,  C.ipc,  the  fouthernmoft  point  of 
land  of  the  pcninfula  of  E.  Florida.  It  i* 
too  miles  N  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba.  N  lat. 
»5  20,  W  Ion.  80  20. 

Floiifla  Ke\3,  or  Martyr's  IfmnJs,  a  num- 
ber of  rocka  and  fand  banks,  bounded  VV 
by  the  gutf  of  Me^co,  E  by  that  of  Flori- 
da. 'I'he  gi  eat  faiid  bank  extends  frora 
theixminliila  of  F.  Florida  inward,  to  the 
gulf  of  Mexici),  i;i  the  form  of  a  hook  ;  its 
W  point  is  divided  froni  the  bank  called 
the  Dry  Fortugas,  by  Tortuga  channel. 

F/orUi,  Gi/!/'/,  is  the  cliannel  between 
the  penini'ula  of  Florida  and  the  Bahama 
illands,  N  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba  ;  and 
through  which  the  Gulf  Stream  finds  a 
palFage,  and  runs  to  the  N  E  along  the 
American   coaft.      See  Gu'/  Stream  and 

Floivertotvn,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  a  fmall 
village  about  1 2  miles  N  of  Philadelphia, 
in  Montgomery  co. 

Floyd,  a  new  towafliip  in  Oneida  Herke- 
mer  co.  N.  York,  has  767  inhabitants. 

Floyd,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing. 
472  inhabitants,  of  thcfe  29  are  (laves. 

FliifiinjT,  a  town  in  (Queen's  co.  N.  York» 
on  the  N  W  part  of  Long  I.  and  on  the  S 
fide  of  Hell  Gate  ;  7  miles  E  by  N  of  N. 
York  citv.     It  contains  r8i8  inl\abitants. 

Fluvanna.     See  Jantet  Rivtr. 

Fluvanna,  a  county  of  Virginia,  Iwundcd 
N  by  Albemarle,  N  E  by  Louifa,  E  by 
Goochland,  W  by  Amherft,  and  S  by  Flu- 
vanna or  James  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Buckingham.  It  is  about  22  miles 
long,  and  20  broad,  and  contains  2703 
free  inhabitants,  and  1920  flaves.  There 
is  great  plenty  of  marble,  both  white  and 
variegated  with  blue,  red  and  purple  veins 
found  here,  on  James  R.  at  the  mouth  of 
Rockfifli ;  where  it  forms  a  large  preci- 
pice, overhanging  a  navigable  part  of  the 
river. 

Fog^y  Cape,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  A- 
merica.is  fituated  on  the  S  caftern  fide  of 
the  peniufula  of  Alaika,  and  W  of  KiHuae 

iiland. 

Fcjr^y 


FOR 


FOR 


Furrrry  7/1,;  OH  the  fiimc  fide  Of  tlie  pen- 
infula  as  the  above,  lies  u  fliort  way  S  by 
W  ot  Foggy  Cape. 

Follo-ujieU,  a  tov/nfliip  in  VVafliington 
CO.  Pennlylvania,  containing  1635  inluib- 
itauts.  E.  and  W.  FoUowiieiil  are  alio  two 
townfliips  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania; 
the  former  has  1622,  and  the  latter  839 
inhabitants. 

Fonfeca,  Gulf  of  ,  lies  in  New  Spain  on 
the  Pacific  ocean,  40  miles  S  E  of  the 
town  of  St.  Miguel,  and  about  290  miles 
N  W  of  Cape  Blanco,  on  the  wcflern  iide 
«f  the  gulf  of  Nicoya. 

Fontaine^  Belle,  a  I'ettlement  in  the  N.  W. 
territory,  on  the  E  Iide  of  the  Miffi- 
fippi,  about  18  miles  N  of  St.  Phillips,  and 
23  below  Cahokia. 

Font,  or  Fntite,  Straits  de,  lie  on  the  N 
W  coaft  of  N.  America,  in  N  lat  54  2St 
W  Ion.  9  5^.  There  is  a  large  illand  in 
the  middle  of  the  entrance.  This  is 
thought  to  be  thefame  ftrait  that  De Fonte, 
a  Spanifli  admiral,  difcovered  in  1640, 
whofe  account  of  it  has  been  long  treated 
as  fabulous.  It  has  been  feen  by  captains 
Gray  and  Ingraham,  of  Bofton. 

Foralones,  in  the  ifland  of  Gunra,  and 
coaft  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  are  old  walls 
of  fome  ancient  building  in  the  time  of 
the  Yncas,  which  ferve  here  as  light  houf- 
cs  for  the  fliipping  which  fail  from  Callao 
to  Paita,  on  the  S.  £ca  coad. 

Foreland,  South,  U.  Canada  (formerly 
called  Point  Pelc)  on  the  N  fliore  of  lake 
Erie,  oppofite  Landguard.  There  is  good 
anchorage  for  velTelSjOn  cither  lidc  of  the 
point,  which  runs  out  to  a  conliderable 
dillance,  but  the  bed  is  on  the  £  iide,  in 
clay  bottom.  Near  the  extremity  of  the 
point,  and  on  the  E  fide  is  a  pond,  where 
boats  in  general  may  enter  and  be  fpcure 
from  moft  winds.  A  long  reef  runs  out 
from  the  point. 

Forijlcrtoii,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  which  lios  between  Aycrflon  and 
Evelliam  ;  about  15  miles  E  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  II  S  of  Burlington  city. 

Fi>reJ},».  fmall  ifland  in  the  Britifli  terri- 
tories, at  the  nio\itii  of  Lake  Ontario,  be- 
tween which  and  Grand  Ifland  is  a  nar- 
row channel.  It  lies  9  miles  foutherly  of 
Fort  Frontinac,  and  6  N  weftcrly  of  Roc- 
buck  I.  in  the  fame  lake,  and  within  tlie 
line  of  the  United  States. 

Forhd  Deer,  a  na\'igable  river  in  Ten- 
cflee,  which  runs  wefterly  into  Millifippi 
R.  between  the  Obian  and  Hatc'.y.  It  i« 
ubout  76  yards  wide>  7  miles  rom  its 
(iiouth.     „  •     . ,,, 


F(,rks,  a  towndnp  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  884  inli.-),bitatit». 

Formofr,  a  fmall  I'eitlcmcnt  at  the  .S  F. 
end  of  Newfoundland  ifland,  at  the  hcr.d 
ot  Bear  Cove. 

Fort  Ar.:i,  a  port  town,  Wafliingtou  co. 
N.York,  459  :  ilcs  from  Wailiington. 

Fort  Blount,  it.-.uds  on  Cumberland  R. 
in  the  ftate  of  Teneflce,  co.  of  Smitli,  6;i 
miles  \V  of  Wiifliinf  UMi,and  has  a  port  of- 
fice. 

Fort  Bretvh^ttyn,  in  N.  Ytjrk  flatc,  is  at 
the  W  end  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  N 
fide  of  Onondago  K.  atitsmouthinthelake. 

Fort  Cha:trcs,  in  the  N.  W.  territory,  is 
Ctuatedon  the  E  bankof  Miirifippi  R.  6 
milcn  W  by  S  of  St.  Phillips,  and  19  W  N 
W  of  Kaikalkias  vilhige. 

Fort  Dauphin,  a  fmall  lake,  or  rather  arm 
of  Little  Winnipeg  lake,  and  weft  of  it* 

Fort  Ed-ward,  a  plcal'ant  village  in  Waili- 
ington CO.  N.  York,  on  the  E  bank  of 
Hudfon  R.  49  miles  N  of  Albany.  It  has 
its  name  from  the  large  fort  built  here  in 
1755  ;  of  which  there  arc  no  remains  but 
large  moundsof  earth.  Here  is  a  poftoffice. 

Fort  Anne,  a  village  on  the  head  water* 
of  Wood  creek,  in  Wafliington  co.  N. 
York,  60  miles  N  E  of  Albany  city.  It 
h.is  its  name  from  a  fmp.ll  picket  fort, 
ereifled  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  of 
which  there  is  no  vcflige  left. 

Fort  George,  in  U.  Canada,  the  military 
poll  and  garrifon  lately  built  on  tlie 
heights  above  Navy  Hall,  at  the  entrance 
of^the  Niagara  river,  in  the  to^vnf!lip  of 
N«wark,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln. 

Fort  George,  lies  at  the  S  end  of  lake 
George,  62  miles  N  of  Albany.  Here  are 
the  remains  of  the  old  forts,  Gcoi'gc,  and 
William  Henry.  The  fuuation  is  plep.fant, 
but  there  is  hardly  the  appearance  of  a 
village.    There  is  a  port  office  here.     Kfte 

George,  lale. 

Fort  JMiJf.ic.  WaHiington  co.  N.  York. 
Here  is  a  pollolTice.  8 70  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Fort  MilLr,  Wailiington  co.  N.  York. 
Here  is  a  port  olTice,439  miles  frcm  Walli- 
iiigton. 

Fort  Willinfon,  Hancock  co.  Georgia. 
Here  is  a  port  oiti<^  e,  702  miles  from  Waili- 
ington. 

Fortrr.yal,  in    the   illand    of   Grenada. 

See  >SV.  George's. 

Fortroyiil,  one  of  the  prin  ipal  towns  in 
the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  tlic  W.  IikUcs. 
It  is  the  feat  of  government  in  the  ifl.'.nd  ; 
its  ftreets  are  regular,  the  houses  agreeable, 
and  the  people  gay  and  luxurious.    The 

citadel 


■'%  i 


FRA 

citadel  which  defends  the  town  coft  the 
French  ;C.3*5,ooo  fterling.  The  harbour 
here  i«  one  of  the  beft  in  tlie  \V.  Indies, 
and  the  fliips  of  war  winter  in  it. 

Fortune,  a  large  bay  towards  the  S  W 
part  of  Newfonndlancl  ifland  ;  acrofs  the 
mouth  of  which  lies  Micklon  ifland,  and 
S  of  it  Peters  ifland.  This  extenfive  b:iy 
isinterfperfed  with  fmall  ifles,  and  within 
it  arc  many  bays.  It  has  gieat  depth  of 
water  throughout. 

Fojier,  a  townfliip  in  Providence-  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  containing  2457  inhabit- 
ants ;  1 7  milr.i  wefberly  of  Providence, 
and  31  N  W  of  Newport. 

/"axAor^^jrA,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maflachufctts,  46  miles  S  ofBodon.  In- 
corporated in  1778.     Inhabitants,  779. 

/w,  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  territory, 
which  rifes  m  the  S,  and  run»  about  50 
miles  N,  where  it  appro.iches  very  near 
to,  and  parallel  with,Onirconfin,a  N  eaft- 
ern  branch  of  the  MiiUlippi  river.  From 
the  Great  Carrying  place  here,  through 
lake  Winnebago,  it  runs  eafterly,  then 
N  E  to  bay  Puan,  about  180  miles. 
From  the  carrying  place  to  Winnebago 
it  is  navigable  for  canoes  4  or  j  miles. 
From  bay  Puan  its  current  is  gentle  ; 
from  th«nce  to  Winnebago  laV.e  it  is  full 
of  rocks  and  very  rapid.  Its  breadth  is 
between  70  and  100  yards.  The  land  on 
ifs  borders  is  good,  thinly  wooded  with 
hickory,  oak,  and  hazel.  See  Ouifconjhig 
and  Winnebago, 

Fox,  a  northern  water  of  Illinois  r'ver, 
34  miles  below  the  month  of  Plein  river 

Framingham,  a  townfliip  in  Middlcfex 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  containing  1625  inhab- 
itants. It  was  incorporated  in  1700  and 
is  14  miles  W  S  W  of  Cofton. 

Fr.^llref}r>v^ll,  an  interior  pofl:  town  in 
Hillftorough  co.  N.  Hampfliiro,  on  the  E 
lide  of  Coutecook  R.  abciit  zi  r.;i!cs  to 
the  S  W  of  Concord.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1 772,  and  contained  in  i77.«,aoo  in- 
habitants, in  1790, 981,  and  in  1800, 1355. 

FrnncUirtro,  now  Corivjh,  in  York  co. 
Maine,  containing  734  inhabitants. 

Francis,  St.  a  lake,  or  extcniion  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  between  Kingllon  and 
Montreal,  through  which  paflcs  the  line 
dividing  U.  from  L.  Canada.  It  is  that 
part  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  which  wid- 
ening above  the  Coteaw  de  Lu?,  lofcs  its 
current  and  becomes  a  long  and  narrow 
lake. 

Franc-',  >S''.  a  river  in  the  province  of  L. 
Canada,  which  riles  from  various  fonrces 
near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  United  j 


FRA 

States,  and  runs  northward  into  the  tW» 
.St.  Lawrence,  at  the  W  end  of  lake  St. 
Peter.  It  is  not  all  the  way  navigable  ; 
elfe  it  would  afford  an  important  commu- 
nication from  the  northern  parts  of  Ver- 
mont to  the  markets  of  Montreal  and 
Quebec.  See  yyiot  »nd  Sfjipton,  Its  banks 
are  fertile,  and  are  fettling  with  people 
from  N.  England. 

Francis,  St.  a  fmall  river  in  LouifianR, 
which  runs  a  S  E  courfe  into  the  Miflifiii- 
pi,  108  miles  above  Arkanfas  R.  and  70 
miles  above  Margot  R.  on  the  E  iirle  of 
the  Miflifippi.  It  is  the  general  rendez- 
\'ou8  for  the  hunters  from  N.  Orleans, 
who  winter  there,  and  colleA  fait  meat, 
fuct,  and  bear's  oil,  for  the  fupply  of  that 
citv.  Kapp.^s  Old  fort  formeily  flood  at 
the  mouth  of  this  river,  on  the  fouthern 
fide.  It  was  built  by  the  French  during 
their  wars  with  the  Chickafaw  Indians. 
-*Jfo,  the  name  of  a  fmall  river  in  the  N. 
W.  territorv,  which  runs  aS  W  by  W 
courfe  into  Miffifippi,  between  Cold  and 
Rum  rivers,  60  miles  above  St.  Anthony's 
Falls.  The  country  a  little  above  it  it 
hilly,  and  the  foil  pretty  good.  To  the  N 
E  are  the  fmall  lakes  called  the  Thoufand 
lakes.  The  Miffifippi  here  is  not  above 
'JO  yards  wide. 

Francis,  St.  in  Brazil,  S.  America,  a  long 
and  large  river  which  runs  N  eafterly,  and 
thence  S  E  till  it  empties  into  the  ocean 
N  E  of  the  town  of  Seregeppe  del  Rey. 
It  has  a  number  of  towns  and  fettlemcnts, 
chiefly  on  its  head  waters. 

Francois,  Cape  St.  a  jurifdidtion  city,  and 
port,  in  the  N  weftern  part  of  the  ifland 
St.  Domingo.  This  juriidi(^ion  is  in  the 
N  di  vifion  of  the  ifland,  in  what  was  call- 
ed the  French  part  of  it ;  and  contains  13 
parillips.  Its  exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789, 
to  Dec.  3 1, of  the  fame  year,  were  as  fol- 
low :  31,187,636  lbs.  white  fugar, 
7.267,^31  Ihs.  brown  fugar,  32,54J,524lbs. 
coffee,  269,240  lbs.  cotton,  245,177  lbs. 
indigo:  tanned  hides, molafles, fpirits, A;c. 
to  the  vnhie  of  2i,7}'9  livres.  Total  val- 
ue of  duties  on  exportation,  253,590  dolis. 
37  cents.  Cape  I'ranrois  exceeds  Poet  au 
Prince  in  the  value  of  its  produdtious,  the 
elegance  of  its  buildings,  and  the  advan- 
tageous fituation  of  its  port.  The  city, 
which  is  the  governor's  refiUence  in  time 
of  war,  is  fituated  on  a  cape  at  the  edge 
of  a  large  plain,  20  leagues  long,  and  on 
an  average  4  broad,  between  the  fea  and 
the  mountains.  1  here  ate  few  lands  bet- 
ter watered,  but  there  is  not  a  river  that 
will  admit  a  floop  above  3  miles.     I'hit 

fpace 


FRA 


FRA 


fpace  is  cut  through  by  ftraight  roRcI*,  40 
feet  broad,  uninterruptedly  lined  with 
hedges  of  lime  and  lemon  trees, intermixed 
with  long  avenues  of  lofty  trees,  leading 
to  plantations  which  produce  a  greater 
quantity  of  fugar  than  any  fpot  of  the 
lame  fize  in  the  world.  The  town,  which 
is  fituated  in  the  moft  unhealthy  place  of 
this  extcnfive  and  beautiful  plain,  had, 
fome  yeirs  lince,  feveral  elegant  public 
buildings,  as  tht  govcnor's  houfe,  the  bar- 
racks, the  magazine,  and  two  hol'pitals, 
called  the  hou/m  of  Providmre,  founded  for 
the  benevolent  and  humane  purpofe  of 
fiipporting  thofe  Europeans  who  came 
thither  without  money  or  merchandize. 
The  harbour  is  athnirably  well  fituated 
for  fliips  which  come  from  Europe,  being 
only  open  to  theN,  from  whence  Ibips  re- 
ceive no  damage, its  entrance  being  fprink- 
led  over  with  reefs  that  break  the  force 
of  the  waves.  Before  its  deftruAion  in 
1793,  this  city  contained  about  8000  in- 
jiabitants  ;  whites,  people  of  colour,  and 
flaves.     See  St.  Domingo. 

Franqoh,  Old  Cnpe,  the  N.  eaftemmoft 
point  of  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo  or  Hif- 
paniola  ;  having  Balfamo  bay  N  W,  and 
Scotch  baySSE. 

Francois  R.  in  IT.  Canada  runs  S  W 
from  lake  Nipifling  into  lake  Huron  ;  it 
has  feveral  portages  ,  that  neareft  to 
lake  Nipiiring,  is  called  Portage  de 
Trois  Chaudiers,  in  length  about  iialf  a 
mile.  Smyih. 

Franconiii,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  14  miles  N  E  of  Haverhill 
(N.  H.)  on  Conne'fticut  river.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1 764,  firft  called  Morriftown.  It 
contains  129  inhabitants. 

Franlfort,  a  port  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  bav. 
It  has  a  few  houfes,  regularly  built,  and 
lies  8  miles  W  of  Fcnobfrot,  and  238 
N  E  of  Bofton.  The  townfliip  contains 
867  inhabitants. 

Frankfort,  or  Frat'lforif,  a  pleafant,  thriv- 
ing village,  in  Philadelphia  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  a  creek  of  the 
fame  name,  a  mile  and  an  half  from  Del- 
aware R.  It  contains  about  100  houfes, 
chiefly  of  flone,  an  Epifcopal  and  a  Ger- 
man church ;  on  elevated  ground,  about 
.^  miles  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a 
port  oflice. 

Frantfort,  a  new  townfliip  in  Hcrkcmer 
CO.  N.  York,  E  of  Whiteilown,  adjoining. 
It  has  946  inhabitants. 

Frantfort,  a  thriving  village,  where  is  a 
poft  oflice,  in    Hampfliire  co.  Virginia, 


on  a  creek  which  empties  into   Potow 
mack  R.     It  is  1 3  miles  N  W  of  Rumney', 

4  miles  S  of  the  Potowmack,  and  10  S  S 
E  of  Eort  Cumberland. 

Fran/fort,  the  capital  of  Pendleton  co. 
Virginia,  is  fituated  on  the  W  lide  of  a  S 
branch  of  Potowmack  R.  It  contains  a 
court  houfc,  gaol,  and  about  30  houfes  ; 
180  miles  N  \V  of  Richmond. 

Frjnifnrt,  a  p<ift  town  and  the  mctrojv 
olie  of  Kentr.cky,  is  fituated  in  Eranklin 
CO.  on  the  N  E  bank  of  Kentucky  R.  about 
50  miles  from  its  confluence  wivh  the  Ohio. 
It  is  a  flourifliing  town,  regularly  laid  out, 
and  has  a  numlier  of  h;indff)mc  houlcs. 
The  ftate  houfe  is  a  handfome  ftone  build- 
ing. Here  is  alfo  a  tobacco  warehoul'e. 
It  contains  628  inhabitants.  it  is  30 
miles  N  of  Harrodfburg,  i.o  N  by  W  of 
Danville,  123  from  Louifville,  and  790  \V 
by  S  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  38  14,  W 
Ion.  <)s  28. 

Franklin,  Fort,  is  in  Alleghany  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,ncar  the  pofl:  called  Venango,  and 
was  created  in  1787,  In  order  to  defend 
the  frontiers  of  Pennfylvania  from  the 
depredations  of  the  neiglilH)uring  Indians. 
It  is  feated  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Alleghany 
R.  oppofite  the  mouth  of  French  creek. 
Nlat.  41  I   40,  W  Ion.  79  41  ;   si  milea 

5  S  £  of  Prefque  lile,  and  63  northward 
of  PittflDurg. 

FranH'm  Co.  the  N  wefternmoft  in  Ver- 
mont, bounded  N  by  I^.  Canada,  and  W 
by  lake  Champlain.  It  contains  30  town- 
fliips,  and  8781  inhabitants; 

Franklin  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Mifllin,  N  E  by  Cumhciland,  E  by 
York,  S  by  M'afliington  co.  in  Maryl^.nd, 
W  by  Bedford  co.  and  N  W  by  Hunter- 
don. It  is  computed  to  contain  8oofquare 
miles,  equal  to  512,000  acres.  It  lies 
chiefly  between  the  N.  and  S.  Mountains, 
and  comprehends  the  middle  part  of  the 
beautiful  ind  rich  valicy  of  Concgochca- 
gue  ;  which  is  wi'.tered  by  the  creek  of  its 
name,  which  falls  inio  Potowmack  at 
Williams  Port  in  Maryland.  This  coun- 
ty exhibits  a  moft  luxuriant  l.miifcape  iri 
fummer,  from  tlie  top  of  ooutli  Mountain. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here  fuflicitnt  already 
to  furnifli  work  for  a  furnace  and  forgc# 
The  county  is  divided  into  1 4  townfliips, 
which  contain  i9,<)38  inhabitants. 

Franltin,a  poft  town.  Venango  co.  Penn* 
fvlvania,  32^  miles  from  W'ailiipgton. 

Frtini.'i/',  :•  pofl  town  t)f  Chio,j6o  niliei 
from  Wafliington. 

Franklin,  a  poft  town,  Pendleton  co. 
Virginia,  191  miles  fror.i  Wafliington. 

Franklirif 


rR  A 


FRE 


..  1 


franlUn,  a  port  town,  Willl.imfon  co. 
"Tenciree,  575  iniles  from  Wafliington. 

Fratitli.i,A  town  in  Dutchefs  co.  N.  Vork, 
•n  the  Conne^icut  line,  lo  miles  N  W  of 
Danbury.     It  has  1546  inhahttants. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Kentucky,  is  bounded  N 
by  Scott  CO.  N  W  and  W  by  Shelby,  S 
E  by  Fayette,  and  S  by  Woodford.  It 
contains  44.50  inhabitants,  of  whom  1 109 
are  in  flavery.     Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

franklin  Co.  in  Halifax  diftrici,  N.  Car- 
^ina,  contains  8473  inhabitant.'*,  of  whom 
3667  are  flaves.  It  is  bounded  N  by 
Greenville.Sby  Johnflon,NEby  Warren, 
S  W  by  WaJcc,  and  W  by  Orange  co. 
Chief  town,  Lewijinirg. 

Franklin  Co,  in  Virginia,  is  bounded  N 
by  Bedford,  N  W  by  Botetourt,  W  by 
Montgomery,  S  W  by  Henry,  S  by  Patrick, 
and  £  by  Campbell  co.  It  i«  about  40 
miles  'ing,  and  25  broad,  and  contains 
7718  fiee  inhabitants,  and  1574  flaves. 
A  range  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  pafl- 
ts  through  it  on  the  N  W.  It  is  in  gen- 
eral hilly. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Georgia,  is  fituated  in  the 
Upper  Diftridl,  bounded  E  and  N  E  by 
Tugulo  R.  which  feparates  it  from  the 
ftate  of  S.  Carolina  ;  W  and  N  W  by  the 
couptry  of  the  Cherokees  ;  S  by  the  head 
branches  of  Broad  R.  and  S  E  by  Elbert  co. 
It  contains  6859  inhabitants,  of  whom  959 
are  flavei.  The  court  houfe  is. 17  miles 
from  Hatton's  Ford  on  I'ugulo  R.  25  from 
Elbcrton,  ?nd  77  from  Walhington.  Here 
is  a  poll  oflicc. 

Franklin  College.  See  Lanea/ler,ia  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Franklin,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
MafTachufetts ;  taken  from  Wrentham, 
and  incorporated  in  1778,  and  contains 
17,000  acres  of  land,  and  1285  inhabit- 
ants ;  is  bounded  N  by  Charles  R.  which 
feparates  it  from  Medway,  and  lies  30 
iniles  S  rf  BoRon. 

-  Franklin,  afmall  ifle  at  the  mouth  of  St. 
Georges  R.  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine  ;  4 
leagues  fouthward  of  Thorn  iftim. 

Franklin,  a  poft  town  in  Delaware  co. 
S  W  from,  and  bordering  on  Harpersfield, 
and  its  W  line  runs  along  the  S  eaftern 
bank  of  Sufquehanna  R.  This  town  was 
divided  by  an  ai5t  of  the  Legillature,  1 797. 
It  has  1390  inhabitants.  'I'hcre  is  a  pod 
•ffice  in  Franklin,  Delaware  co.  N.  York. 

Franklin,  a  townfliip  in  Wcflmoreland 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania.  Alio,  3  others  in  the 
fame  ftate,  viz.  in  York  to.  Fajette  co. 
and  in  Wafliington  co. 

franklin,  a  townfliip,  the  northemmoft 


in  New  London  co.  Conncdlicut,  6  milfi 
N  W  of  Norwicii.  It  contain.,  izioinhab- 
itants,  who  are  chiefly  wealthy  farmers. 

Franklin,  a  County  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Franks,  A  town  in  Huntingdon  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania, on  the  Frapkftown  branch  of 
Juniatta  R.  20  miles  W  of  Huntingdon, 
has  743  inhabitants. 

Frayles,  an  iliand  near  the  coaft  of  New 
Andalufia,  Tetra  Firma. 

FrayLs,  Los,  a  clump  of  rocks  w  hicli 
rife  above  water  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  St,  Domingo,  4  leagues  N  W  of 
the  idand  of  Beate,  nearly  nppofite  the 
illes  called  the  Seven  Brothers,  in  the  bay 
of  Monte  Chrift,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and.  Thefe  rocks  are  alfo  called  the 
Brothers  or  Monks.  The  rapidity  of  the 
currents  renders  this  part  of  the  coaft 
very  dangerous. 

Frederica,  a  village  in  Kent  CO.  ftate  of 
Delaware,  between  the  two  main  branchct 
of  Mother  Kill,  a  ftream  which  falls  into 
Delaware  7  miles  from  the  town,  and  3 
S  E  of  Jaines'  creek,  which  leads  up  tm 
Dover.  It  contains  about  40  houfts,  and 
liei  ta  miles  E  of  Dover,  and  88  from 
Philadelphia.    Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Frederica,  a  poft  town  of  Glynn  CO.  iH 
Georgia,  is  fituated  on  St.  Simon's  ifland, 
in  a  very  pleafant  fituation;  and  was  built 
by  Gen.  Oglethorpe.  The  fortrel's  was 
leautiful  and  regular,  but  is  now  in  ruins. 
Vhc  town  contains  but  few  houlcs,  which 
ftand  on  an  eminence,  upon  a  l>ranch  of 
Alatamaha  R.  which  waftics  the  W  fide 
of  this  agreeable  ifland,  and  forms  a  bay 
before  the  town,  affording  a  fafe  and 
commodious  harbour  for  vcflcls  of  the 
largcft  burden,  \yhich  may  lie  along  tlie 
wharf.  It  was  fettled  by  fomc  .Stotch 
highlanders,  about  tiie  year  173.5,  wiio 
accepted  of  aii  cftablilhment  both  here 
and  at  Daritn,  to  dtfcnd  the  colony,  if 
needful,  ugainft  the  ntighbouring  Span- 
iards.    N  lat.  31  15,  W  Ion.  80. 

Frederick  Co.  in  Maryland,  is  bounded 
N by  Pcnnfylvania,  Wand  N  W  by  Wafli- 
ington, E  by  IJaltimore,  and  S  W  by  Po- 
towmack  R.  On  the  Monocacy  R.  and 
its  branches  are  about  37  grift  milii>,  a 
furnace,  iron  forge,  and  a  glafs  manutac- 
tory,  calied  the  Etna  gl^fs  works,  which 
are  in  a  thriving  ftate.  This  county  is 
more  than  .'^o  miles  each  way,  reckoning 
from  the  extreme  parts,  and  is  divided 
into  12  towns  and  vill.Tges.  'J'he  Cotoc- 
tiny  mountain  extends  from  the  Potow- 
mack  in  a  N  dircdlion  through  this  coun- 
ty into  Pennfylvania,  bctwtcn  the  South, 

mountain 


FRE 

mftuntain  and  Monocacy  Creek ;  the 
taflcrn  parts  arc  generally  level.  It  con- 
tains 30,791  inhabitants,  inchiding  .^641 
Ijavcs,  1'lie  lands  of  this  county  arc  gen- 
erally rich,  producing  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
corn,  hemp  and  Hax.  Mines  cif  copper 
liavc  been  difcovercd.  It  contains  about 
^37,6oD  acres.  Chief  town,  Frederick- 
town. 

Fralerich  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bounded  N 
by  Berkley,  S  by  Shanindoah,  W  by 
Hanipllure.  and  £  by  Shanandoah  K. 
which  feparates  it  from  Loudon  co.  It  it 
30 miles  in  len^;ch,Hnd  io\n  breadth, and 
contains  16,2^7  white  inhabitrfnts,  and 
5 1 18  Haves.  Iron  ore  is  found  herein 
great  plenty  ;  and  works  have  been  ere<il- 
id  which  produce  160  tons  of  bar  iron, 
and  650  tons  of  pig,  annually.  In  one 
year  300  tons  of  bar  iron  were  manufac- 
tured. Pots  and  other  utcnflis,  caO  thin- 
ner than  ufual  of  this  iron,  may  be  fafely 
thrown  into  or  out  of  the  waggon,  in 
which  they  are  ttanfported.  Both  this 
and  Berkley  co.  has  a  good  foil.  Between 
the  waters  of  Opeckan  creek  and  tlie 
^jhan'andnah  is  the  richcd  limeltonc  land 
in  the  eadern  parts  of  the  llate.  Near 
the  North  Mountain  in  this  county  is  a 
curious  cave,  by  fome  called  Zanry's  Cavi. 
its  entrance  is  on  the  top  of  an  exteufivc 
ridge.  You  defcend  30  or  40  feet  as  into 
a  well,  from  whence  the  cave  then  ex- 
tends, nearly  horizontally,  4C0  feet  into 
the  earth,  prcferving  a  breadth  of  from 
20  to  50  fett,  and  a  height  of  from  5 
to  la  feet.  After  entering  this  cave  a 
few  feet,  the  mercury,  which,  in  the  open 
air,  was  at  50,  rofe  to  57  of  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer.  After  this  may  be  added 
the  Natural  Well  on  the  lands  of  Mr. 
Lewis.  It  is  fomcwhat  larger  than  a 
common  well,  and  rifes  as  near  the  fur- 
face  of  the  earth  as  in  the  neighbouring 
artificial  wells ;  and  is  of  a  depth,  as  yet 
unknown.  It  is  ufed  with  a  bucket  and 
windlafs  as  an  ordinary  well.  It  is  faid 
there  is  a  current  in  it  tending  fenlibiy 
downwards.     Chief  town,  Wineheder. 

Frtdtrlck  Honfe,  a  trading  flation  in  U. 
Canada,  on  the  head  water  of  Abbitibbe 
R.    N  lat.  48  7,5,  W  Ion.  8a  6. 

Freilerkk,  a  fort  in  Wafliington  co.  Ma- 
ryland, fituated  on  the  N  £  bank  of  Po- 
towmack  R.  near  the  S  line  of  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Frederick,  z  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania.    it  has  697  inhabitants. 

Frederick,  a  town  on  the  N  fide  of  Saf- 
fafrat  R.  in  Cecil  co.  Maryluud,  aud  fep- 


PRE 

arated  by  that  rirer  from  George  Ta^Uf 
Kent  CO.  It  lies  6  miles  S  W  of  Warwick^ 
and  14  E  of  Grove  p  int  in  Chefapeak' 
bay.     N  lat.  39  aa  2'^. 

Frederick  Puiitt,  in  U.  Canada,  is  on  th« 
W  fide  of  Kingdon  harbour,  and  on  the 
W  fide  of  Hjldamand  cove,  which  is  made 
by  it  and  I^iint  Henry.  Smyth. 

Fmdirickjhurgh,  a  poft  town  in  Kpotfyl- 
vania  co.  Virginia,  on  the  S  W  bank  of 
Rappahannock  river,  no  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  Chefapeak  bay.  it  is  an  incor- 
porated town,  and  regularly  laid  out  into 
feveral  flreets,  the  chief  of  which  run* 
parallel  with  the  river,  and  in  all  con'' 
tains  about  300  houA  s,  two  tobacco  ware- 
houfcs,  and  feveral  (lores  of  well  aflbrtcd 
goods.  Its  public  buildings  are  an  Epif- 
cojial  church,  an  academy,  court  houfc 
and  gaol,  it  is  a  place  of  confider:ible 
trade,  and  contains  about  2000  inhabit- 
ants. A  forge  in  this  neighbouihood 
made,  fome  time  ago,  about  300  tons  of 
bar  iron  in  a  year,  from  pigs  importett 
from  Maryland,  it  is  50  miles  S  S  W  of 
Alexandria,  68  N  by  £  of  Richmond,  102 
S  W  of  lialtimore,  and  105  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    N  lat*  38  2»,  W  Ion.  77  36. 

Frtdtrickjburgb  Toivnjlip,  in  the  COlintv 
of  Lenox,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Ernefl:  Town,  in  the  bay  of  Quinte. 

Frederick,  a  towntliip  in  Dutchefs  co. 
N.  York,  which  contains  1661  inhabitants.. 
between  Franklin  and  IMiilliptown. 

Fredericitott,  a  confiderable  townfliip  in 
the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  90  miles  up 
St.  Jdhn's  R.  which  is  thus  far  navigable 
for  (loops. 

FredericktowH,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
and  capital  of  Frederick  co.  fituated-  on 
both  fide*  of  Carrolls'  creek,  a  fmall  (Iream 
that  empties  i nto Monocacy  R.  overwhicli 
arc  two  bridges.  The  ftrects  are  regularly 
laid  out,  interfcvSling  each  other  at  right 
angles.  The  dwelling  iioufcs,  ehicflv  of 
(tone  and  brick,  are  about  700  in  number, 
many  of  which  are  handfome  and  com- 
modious. The  public  edifices  are,  one 
church  for  Prelbyterians,  two  for  German 
I'Utherans  and  Calvinifis,  and  one  for 
Bapti(ls,an  elegant  court  houfe,  a  gaol,  and 
a  brick  market  houfe.  it  is  a  very  flour- 
ifliing  town,  and  has  confider'able  trade 
with  the  back  rountry.  The  litna  glafs 
works  are  fituated  4  miles  ahovc  the  town, 
on  Tu(karora  creek.  Frederiektown  is  4 
milts  E  of  CotoiSin  mountain,  47  W  by 
N  of  Ba'timore,  24  E  of  Sharpfl)urg,  and 
148  S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia.     N  lat. 

'  '     '  Fre.-iolJ^ 


V  *  1 ! 


4'^ 


i'tfliri 


it  f] 


ii  jJ 


FRE 


FRE 


.  PrefloU,  a  port  town  in  Monmouth  co. 
N.  Jirlcy,  IS  miles  W  of  Shrewlbury,  and 
ao  S  li  by  t>  of  New  Brnnfwick.  In  this 
ti)\vn  waj  foiiglit  the  obftinate  battle  call- 
rd  the  Moumuutli  batdc,  on  the  a8th  of 
June,  1778.  8ce  Mviiaouth.  There  is  "^n 
ac:idrniy  in  this  town.  Frceliold  con- 
tiiiiKd,  in  1790,  3785  inliabicants.  Sec 
Ujijier  Freehold. 

FrteholJ,  »  pod  town  in  Green  co.  N- 
Ytd'k..  contaioinpr  .iSia  inhubitunts. 

Frte^'iort,  A  pt)(t  town  in  Cimiberiand  co. 
]M:tliie,  at  t  he  Iwdd  of  Cafeo  bay  ;  adjoin- 
jn<>  to  Dtirhum  on  the  N  £.  and  to  Ni)tth 
Yarnuiuth  on  thtSW;  about  lo  miles 
N  E  of  Portland,  140  N  by  E  of  Boflon, 
and  62.^  N  E  of  Wailiington.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1789,  and  contains  1330 
Jnhabit:unj,  A  mine  of  filvcr  and  lead, 
it  is  laid,  ban  been  difcovtred  in  thia  town 

FrecP.one  G.i(>,  a  phice  »b  railed  in  'I'en- 
efree,25  miles  ff'om  Hawkin's  court  houfe, 
and  35  from  Cumberland  mountKJn. 

Fifctotvn,  a  thriving  townfliip  in  Briftol 
CO.  Maffachuletts,  incorporated  in  16S3, 
contains  2535  inhabitants,  and  lies  4.s 
miles  foutherly  of  Rofton.  The  fouthern 
part  of  this  town  has  been  incorporated 
lately  into  a  new  town,  by  the  name  of 
Fall  H'lver,  which  fee. 

French,  a  confiderabic  river  in  Maffa- 
Chufetts,  has  its  fource  in  a  fmall  pond, 
on  the  borders  of  Leicefter  and  Spencer, 
in  Worccfter  co.  and  runs  through  Ox- 
ford and  joins  Qi?inebauge  R.  in  Thomp. 
fon  townfhip,  in  Conneiflicut.  It  derives 
its  name  from  the  French  Proteftants,  who 
obtained  a  fcttlcment  in  the  town  of  Ox- 
ford, after  the  revocation  of  the  cdid  of 
Nantz,  in  i68?. 

French  America.  The  only  part  of  the 
continent  which  the  French  nation  pof- 
fclTed  fome  years  fince,  was  the  diftridl  or 
province  of  Cayenne,  and  the  ifland  of  the 
fame  name  on  its  coaft,  in  S.  America.  In 
the  W.  Indies  the  French  eliimed  the  fol- 
lowino;  idands,  to  which  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred for  a  pirtieular  dcfcription :  ^^t. 
Domiir^o,  or  Hifpaniola,  CuuJa/oif^e.  !^t. 
J^uelc,  To/iasro,  St.  Bartliolomnv,  D.'fcada, 
and  Mtrlgahrte,  The  French  were  amone; 
the  laff  nations  who  made  frttlements  in 
the  W.  Indies  ;  but  they  made  ample 
amf-nds  by  the  vigour  with  which  they 
nurfued  them.atid  by  that  chain  of  judic- 
ions  and  admirable  mcafures  which  they 
nfed,  in  drawing  from  them  every  advan- 
t^tre  that  the  nature  of  the  climate  would 
yield,  and  in  cnntend'mi;  aj^ainft  the  difli- 
Cijllics  which  it  threw  in  llicir  way. 


French  Brand,  a  navigable  river  in  \\\s 
Tenctlce,  which  fifes  on  the  S  E  fide  of 
the  Great  Iron  and  Buld  mountains,  in 
N.  Carolina.  It  is  formed  by  two  main 
branches,  which  receive  fevcral  (Ireanu 
in  their  ci  urfe.  Thcfc  unite  about  58 
miles  from  the  fource  of  the  Nolachucky, 
the  cadern  branch  ;  thence  it  Hows  N 
wefterly  about  25  miles,  and  joins  the 
Holfton  II  miles  above  Knoxville,  and  is 
4  or  500  yards  wide.  The  navigation  of 
thik  branch  is  much  interrupted  by  rocks, 
as  is  alfo  the  Tenefl'ee  branch,  which 
joinii  the  main  river  50  miles  below  this. 
A  large,  clear,  medicinal  fpring,  faid  to 
be  etlicacions  in  curing  many  dileai'es,  has 
been  lately  diftovcred  on  the  waters  of 
this  river,  about  30  miles  in  a  dircA  line 
from  its  mouth.  'I'he  water  is  fo  hot, 
that  a  patient  at  fnd  going  into  it  can 
fcarccly  fupport  it.  Nearer  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  a  valuable  lead  mine  has 
been  difcovcred. 

French  Creek,  a  N  weflern  water  of  Al- 
leghany H.  into  which  it  falls  along  the 
N  fide  of  I'ort  Franklin,  80  miles  N  by  E 
of  Pittfburg.  It  affords  the  neareft  paf- 
fage  to  lake  Eric.  It  is  navignble  with 
fmall  boats  to  Lc  Beuf,  by  a  very  crooked 
channel  ;  the  portage  thence  to  Prcfque 
Ifle,  from  an  adjoining  peninfula,  is  15 
miles.  This  is  the  nfual  route  from  Qnc- 
bec  to  Ohio. 

French  Licl,  in  Tencflee,  is  the  name  of 
a  fait  fpring,  near  which  the  town  of 
Nufliville  now  Hands. 

Frenchman  s  Bay,  lies  on  the  fea  coafl  of 
Lincoln  CO.  'Maine,  and  is  formed  by 
Mount  Dcfert  illand  on  the  weflward,  and 
the  peninfula  of  Goldiborough  townfltip 
on  the  eaftward.  Round  Mount  Defert 
illand  it  has  an  inland  circular  communi- 
cation with  Blue  Hill  bay. 

French  Hiver,  in  U.  Canada.  It  is  very 
irregular  in  its  breadth  and  form,  fo 
crowded  with  idands,  that  in  failing  down 
its  current,  the  real  banks  are  feldom 
feen.  It  enters  lake  Huron  from  the  N 
E,  inlat.  45  .5.^N. 

Frenchman  s  Greet,  in  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Canada,  difchargcs  itfclf  into  the 
river  Niagara,  in  the  townfliip  of  Bertici 
a  few  miles  below  Fort  Erie.        Smyth. 

French  Town,  in  Cecil  CO.  Maryland, 
lies  on  the  E  fide  of  Elk  R.  a  mile  S  of 
RIkton,  from  which  it  is  feparated  by  Elk 
creek.     Elk.  ferry  is  6  miles  below  this. 

Frenevfe  Lake,  a  large  colledilon  of  wa- 
ter, through  which  St.  John's  R  in  N. 
Brunfwick,  palTes.    In  ibmc  maps  thit 

appears 


l^pears  onty  ai 
but  in  others  it 
very  irregular 
fiderable  ftrean 
country. 

FrieJburg,  a 
Wachovia,  or  S 

FrieJlttnd,  a 
Wachovia. 

Friedenjhitetten 
whofe  name  fig 
quehanna  R<  ii 
miles  below  Ti* 
the  United  Bn 
confifted  of  13 
of  40  hoiifes,  I 
manner,  with  a 
houfes  the  groi 
dens  ;  and  bet 
the  river  aboi 
into  regular  pi: 

FrieJenRadt,  (J 
Vian  fettlcment 
twcen  Great  B 
about  40  miles 
abandoned  in  i 

Frob'ifiiert  Str 
ivard  of  Cape 
land,  and  were 
Frobiflier.     N 

Frofi's  Peiiiti 
N.  York,  lies  < 
found,  9  miles 

Frontinac  Co. 
ton  the  E  by  tb 
S  by  lake  Onta 
diip  of  Erneft, 
interfetSls  the 
thence  dcfcend 
the  N  wefterni 
ly  of  Leeds. 

Frontinac,  Fo 
the  head  of  a 
N  W   fide  of 
Avhere  all  fort! 
ty.     U  is  a  lea 
lake,  and  a  (h 
and  about  30c 
winter  about 
than  at  Qifeb 
cultivated,  as 
iropean  and  In< 
is  one  of  thi 
In  the   world 
mer.    The  St 
of  Ukc  Onta 
beautiful  and 
magnitudes,  : 
hay  often  pr< 
anchor,  and  o 
▼•t.1. 


TRO 


TUO 


l^pears  only  as  a  dilatation  of  (he  river ; 
but  in  others  it  appears  as  a  large  lake  of 
very  irregular  figure,  and  receiving  con- 
Tiderable  ftreams  from  the  circumjacent 
country. 

FritJburg,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Wachovia,  or  Surry  co.  N.  Carolina. 

Frieiilamf,  a  Moravian  fettlemcnt  in 
Wachovia. 

Frieden/biietten,  a  Moravian  fettlement, 
whofc  liame  Ggniiics  Tents  o//>eact,  on  Suf- 
quehannii  R.  in  Pcnnfylvania,  about  %a 
miles  below  Tioga  Point ;  cn:abltflicd  by 
the  United  Brethren  in  1765.  It  then 
confided  of  13  Indian  huti,  and  upwards 
of  40  hoiifet,  built  after  the  European 
manner,  with  a  neat  chapel.  Next  to  the 
lioufes  the  ground  was  laid  out  in  gar- 
dens ;  and  between  the  I'ettlcment  and 
the  river  about  450  acres  were  divided 
into  regular  plantations  of  Indian  corn. 

fritJ<!nfl,iJt,  or  Tetun  of  Peace,  a  Mora- 
vian fettlement  which  was  eftabliflud  be- 
tween Great  Beaver  and  Yellow  creeks  ; 
about  40  miles  N  W  of  Pittfburg.  It  was 
abandoned  in  I773- 

Frobijhers  Straits,  lie  a  little  to  the  north- 
Ward  of  Cape  Farewell  and  Weft  Green- 
land, and  were  difcovered  by  Sir  Martin 
Frobiflicr.     N  lat.  63,  W  Ion.  44. 

Frog's  Pointy  or  Neck,  in  W.  Cheftcr  co. 
N.  York,  lies  on  the  coaft  of  Long  Ifland 
found,  9  mUcs  from  Harlaem  heights. 

Froniinac  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
On  the  E  by  the  coiinty  of  Leeds  ;  on  the 
S  by  lake  Ontario ;  (m  the  W  by  the  town- 
(liip  of  Erneft,  running  N  14°  W,  until  it 
interfedls  the  Ottawa  or  Grand  R..  and 
thence  dcfccnding  that  river  until  it  meets 
the  N  weftcrnmoft  boundary  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Leeds.  Smytb, 

Frontlnae,  Fori,  a  fortrefs  in  Canada,  at 
the  head  of  a  fine  bay  or  harbour,  on  the 
N  W  fide  of  the  outlet  of  lake  Ontario, 
tvhcre  all  forts  of  veifels  may  ride  in  fafe- 
ty.  It  is  a  league  ft'om  the  mouth  of  the 
lake,  and  a  fhort  diftaiicc  S  of  Kingflon, 
and  about  3CX3  milts  from  Quebec.  The 
winter  about  this  place  is  much  fliortcr 
than  at  Quebec  ;  and  the  foil  is  fo  well 
cultivated,  as  to  produce  all  forts  of  £u- 
IFopean  and  Indian  corn  ,and  fruits.  Here 
is  one  of  the  moft  charming  profpetfls 
fa  the  world,  during  fpring  and  fum- 
mer.  The  St.  Lawrence  and  the  mouth 
of  lake  Ontario,  contain  a  number  of 
beautiful  and  fertile  iflands  of  diHl-rent 
magnitudes,  and  well  wooded,  and  the 
hay  often  prefents  to  the  view  vefills  at 
anchor,  and  otheri  pafling  to  and  from  the 
▼•uU  Y 


I'Ae.  But  tfie  misfortune  is,  that  the  ad^ 
vantageous  communication  between  thi» 
lake,  Montreal  and  Quebec,  i»  fomewhat 
diiHcult  and  daugerou!>,  on  account  of  the 
river  being  full  of  rocks  and  water  falla4 
This,  tog.'tlier  with  the  ambulcades  of  the 
Iroquois  indiani,  induced  rhe  French  to 
abandon  and  dtflroy  the  ftrong  works 
they  had  erc«ittd  here.  This  happened 
in  1609.  After  this  they  retook  an4 
repaired  the  place.  At  length  the  Brit- 
ifli,  under  Col.  Bradftrcet,  took  it  in  1 759, 
to  whom  it  was  confirmed  at  tlie  peace  itl 
1763.  A  river  has  lately  been  furvtycd 
by  the  deputy  furveyor  general  of  Cana- 
da, from  .ts  entrance  into  the  lake  at 
Kenty,  near  Cadaraqui,  to  its  fource  in 
lake  St.  Clie  ;  from  which  there  is  an  cal'y 
and  fliort  portage  acrofs  N  W  to  the  N  £ 
angle  of  lake  Huron,  and  another  that  is 
neither  long  nor  dilTicull,  to  the  fouth- 
ward,  to  the  old  fettlement  of  Toronto. 
This  is  a  fliort  route  fr^m  Fort  Fruntinac 
to  Michilimackinack.     See  Kin^Jlnn. 

Pront  Royal,  a  town  in  Frederick  co. 
Virginia,  at  the  fo;?:  of  the  Blue  Ridjic,  S 
£  of  Shenandoah  R.  20  miles  S  of  Win* 
cheftcr.  It  has  alraut  90  huufes.  a  Pref- 
byterian  church  and  one  for  Methodiftj. 
A  refpetStable  grammar  fchool  is  kept 
here. 

Froivfack  Channel,  or  the  Gut.  of  Canfu, 
a  ftrait  between  Kova  Scotia  and  Cape 
Breton  illaud,  5  French  leagues  long,  and 
one  broad. 

Fryduffrin,  a  town-fliip  in  Chcfter  «0. 
Pennfylvania. 

Frying  Pan,  a  danger-^  is  flioal,fo  called 
from  its  form.  It  lit  •  ■"  tlie  entrance  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  in  N.  Caro  mjs  ;  the  S  part 
of  it  is  in  N  lat.  33  34,  6  L-iiles  from  Cape 
Fear  pitch,  and  14  S  E  by  S  from  the 
light  houfe  on  Bald  Head. 

Frying  Pan  IJlaiid,  in  Muddy  lake,  U.  Can- 
ada, to  the  northward  of  Pointe  de  Tt.uV. 

Frybiirfrh,  a  poll  town,  picafantly  litu- 
atcd  in  York  co.  Maine,  in  a  bend  of  Saco 
river.  It  was  incorporated  in  1'77,  has 
a  flourifliing  academy,  and  contains  447 
inhabitants.  1  his  is  the  ancient  Indian 
village  Pigwaket,  through  which  the  up- 
per part  of  Saco  meanders  ;  60  miles 
from  the  fea,  and  izo  N  by  E  of  Bofton. 
N  lat.  44  2,  W  Ion.  70  47  30. 

Fuca,  Straits  of  fuan  dc,  lie  on  tlie  N  W 
eo.ift  of  N.  America.  The  entrance  lies 
between  Cape  Flattery  on  the  S  fide,  ia 
N  lat.  48  25,  W  Ion.  124  5a,  to  the  op- 
pofite  coaft  of  the  Quadras  iflcs,  in  N 
lat   48   53    30.      It  comniuuicates  with 

Piatard's 


!i  n 


CAC 


CAT. 


m\ 


¥>intard'«  foUnd,  and  thus  forini  Quadras 
i(\e» ;  in  the  S  eadeni  coad  of  which  lies 
Nuutka  found.  See  PiHtanl'tfunnJ,  The 
Spaniaids,  jealous  of  their  ri^ht  to  the 
American  coaft,  cdabliflicd  a  fettlemcnt 
at  this  place. 
■   Fuei^q.     See  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Fail  MeoH  Shoal.     See  Halterat. 

Fundy,  a  large  bay  in  N.  America,  which 
opens  between  the  idandt  in  Pcnobfcot 
bay,  in  I^incoln  co.  Maine,  and  Cape  Sa- 
ble, the  S  weAern  point  of  Nova  Scotia. 
It  extends  about  aoo  miles  in  a  N  £ 
diretStion  •,  and  with  Vcrte  b»y,  which 
puflies  into  the  land  in  a  S  W  direc- 
tion from  the  ftraits  of  Northumberland, 
forms  a  very  narrow  iflhmus,  whicli 
unites  Nova  Scotia  to  the  continent ;  and 
where  the  dividon  line  runs  between  that 
province  and  New  Brnnfwiclc  From  its 
mouth  up  to  Padamarpioddy  bay,  on  its 
N  W  fide,  fltuated  between  the  province 
of  New  Brunfwick  and  the  diflrid:  of 
Maine,  are  a  nitmber  of  bays  and  ifl»nds 
on  both  fides,  and  thus  fjr  it  contradti  its 
breadth  gradually.  It  is  r a  leagues  acrofs 
from  St.  John's  in  New  Brunfwick,  to  the 
Gut  of  Annapolis,  in  Nova  Scotia ;  where 
the  tides  are  rapid,  and  rife  30  feet. 
Above  this  it'  preli^rves  nearly  an  equal 
breadth,  until  its  waters  are  formed  into 
two  arms,  by  a  peninfula,  the  weftern 
point  of  which  is  called  Cape  Chignedlo. 
At  the  head  of  the  N  eaftern  arm,  called 
Chigncdlo  channel,  which,  with  bay  Verte 
•forms  the  ifthmus,  the  tides  rife  00  feet. 
In  the  Bafin  of  Minas,  which  is  the  E 
arm  or  branch  of  this  bay,  the  tides  rife 
40  feet.  Thefe  tides  are  fo  rapid  as  to 
overtake  animals  feeding  on  the  fliore. 

Funifinim.  See  ^erufaUm,  id  Maryland. 

<> 

GaBARON,  a  bay  on  the  S  W  of  Lou- 
•  i(bourg,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton. 

Gabori,  a  bay  on  the  S  E  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton  ifland.  The  entrance  into  it, 
which  is  not  more  than  ao  leagues  from 
the  ifles  of  St.  Pierre,  is  between  iflands 
and  rocks  about  a  league  in  breadth. 
The  bay  <s  a  leagues  deep,  and  affords 
good  anchorage. 

Gabriel,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  great  river 
La  Plata,  S.  America,  difcovcrcd  by  Se- 
badian  Cabot,  in  the  year  1526. 

Gatipas,  an  Indian  tribe,  formerly  in 
alliaoce  with  the  Delawares. 

Gag*  I/la/id,  in  the  county  of  Ontario,  U. 
Amaaa,  lies  off  Kingdon  in  lake  Ontario, 


between  Amherft  iflarrl  nnd  WoMe  ifla«!#-l 

f»<ijf/i  ToTi'n,  a  fcttkincnt  in  Sunhury 
CO.  New  Brunfwick  ;  on  the  lauds  grant- 
ed to  Gen.  Gage,  on  tlic  W  fide  ot  St. 
John's  R.  on  tli':  norrhirn  fliore  of  thr 
bay  of  Fundy.  Tlic  intneral's  grant  con- 
fifla  of  ao,ooo  acre*  of  land  ;  the  upl;tn«V 
of  which  is  in  general  very,  bad.  'I'hcrc 
is  fomc  intervale  on  the  river  fide,  on 
which  are  a  few  fcttlcrs  ;  cxclufivc  of 
thcfc  fctllenirnts,  there  is  very  little  good 
land  of  any  kind. 

Calen,  a  military  townfliip  in  Ononda- 
go  CO.  N.  York,  filunted  on  Canandarqua 
crctk,  I  a  miles  N  W  of  the  N  end  of  Cay- 
ug.i  liike,  and  i.^  S  by  £  of  Great  Sod ui. 
It  is  bounded  S  by  Junius; 

Culets,  an  illand  at  the  E  end  of  lake 
Ontario,  and  in  the  (late  of  N.  York,  5 
miles  S  weftward  of  Roebuck  ifland,  5 
northerly  of  Point  Gaverl'e,  and  31  S  E 
:«f  Point  au  Ooclans. 

GaUtte,  La,  a  neck  of  land  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada.  From  the  point 
oppofite  to  rifle  d«  Montreal,  a  road  might 
be  made  to  Galette,  fo  as  to  favc  40  leagues 
of  navigation',  which  the  falls  render  al- 
moft  impra<5licable,  and  always  very  te- 
dious. The  land  about  La  Galctte  is  very 
good ;  and  in  two  days  time  a  barque 
nay  fail  thcUce  to  Niagara,  with  a  good 
wind.  La  Galctte  is  a  league  and  a  half 
above  thr  fall  called  les  Galots. 

Galetti,  Ri'Aere  a  la  •v'ulle,  in  U.  Canada, 
r\ins  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  above 
nic  Fort  Levi. 

Galibis, or  Cbara'ibes,  a  nation  of  Indians 
inhabiting  near  New  Andalufia,  in  S. 
America ;  from  which  the  Charaibes  of 
the  W.  Indies  are  thought  to  be  defcended. 

Gaticia,  an  audience  in  Old  Mexico  or 
New  Spain,  containing  feven  provinces. 
Guadalaxera  is  the  capital  city.- 

Gatipago  IJtsi,  the  nnmc  of  foVeral  unin- 
habited ifles  in  the  South  Sea,  on  hotli 
fides  the  equator,  not  far  from  the  coaft 
of  Terra  Firma ;  belonging  to  Spain. 
They  lie  betweew  3  N,  and  4  S  lat.  and 
between  83  40  and  89  30  W  Ion.  There 
are  only  9  of  them  of  any  confideiable 
fize ;  fome  of  which  are  7  or  8  leagues 
long,  and  3  or  4  broad.  Dampier  faw  14 
or  15  of  them.  The  chief  of  thefe  are 
Norfolk,  neareft  the  continent,  Wenmore 
among  the  N  wefternnjoft,  and  Albemarle 
the  wcfternmoft  of  all.  A  number  of 
fmall  ifles  lie  W  from  thefe,  on  both  fides 
the  equator ;  one  of  which,  Gallego  I.  lies 
in  the  ift  degree  of  N  lat.  and  10a  of  W 
loHi    Many  of  thefe  illes  arc  well  wood- 


od,  and  fome 

VaU  ijuaniiti( 

be  found  aino 

live  the  greal 

they  arc  faid 

the  main  to 

lead  100  Icagi 

Gallon,  St.  :\ 

Peru,  in  lat.  1 

laud  Murro  P'i 

■between  whirl 

is  a  mofl  digit 

fcis  bound  for 

Gallia,  a  coil 

Gallatin,  a 

taining  1078  i 

Gallatin,  a 
Tencflcc,  714 
iugton. 

GalHopol!^,  a 
Ohio,  fituated 
and  nearly  op] 
Great  Kanhaw 
about  loohoul 
people.     In  Nc 
habitants  fell  v 
generated, as w 
filthinefs  of  th( 
miles  eadward 
Pittlburg,  and 
N  lat.  39  a,  W] 
faid  to   be  on 
the  lands  not  I 
Galots,  the 
river  St.  Lawr 
the  neck  of  lai 
is  an  excellcat 
there  be  feen 
Galots,  t'ijle 
St.  Lawrence, 
yond  rifle  a«x 

Gallo,  an 
payan,  S.  Ame 
Dampier  fays 
and  that  oil  th 
4  or  5  fathoi 
which  is  on  tl 
in   deep  watc 
The  ifland  is 
and  good  watc 
bays,  where  a : 
the  name  of 
near  the  coafl 
place  poflefle( 
they  attempte 
Gallotvay,  a 
N.  Jerfey. 
Gahvay,  a 

Saratoga,  N. 
§au.    ft  is  Wl 


C  AL 


GAS 


ofl,  and  fome  have  a  deep  black  mould. 
Va(t  quantities  of  the  fiiicA  turtle  arc  to 
be  fuutid  ainon;;  thifc  iilundi),  wlxrc  thvy 
live  the  grcattft  p.irt  of  the  year;  yet 
they  arc  laid  to  go  from  tlicncc  over  to 
the  main  to  lay  their  egg^,  which  is  at 
lead  lOO  kagucii  didaut. 

GuUan,  St.  a  I'mall  illaud  on  the  ooafl  of 
Peru,  in  lat.  14  S,  s  mileii  N  of  the  high 
laud  Murru  PVijn,  or  Old  Man's  Head  ; 
"between  which  ifland  and  the  liigh  land, 
is  a  moft  eligible  (lation  to  cruifc  i'ur  vcf- 
fels  bound  for  Callao,  N.  or  S. 

Gallia,  a  county  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Gallatin,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con> 
taintng  1078  inhabitants,  276  are  llavini. 

Galliitin,  a  pod  town  of  Sumpttr  co. 
TencfTcc,  714  miles  W  by  S  from  WiQi- 
ington. 

GuU'opol'i^,  a  poft  town  in  the  flate  of 
Ohio,  fituated  on  a  bend  of  the  OIwo  R. 
and  nearly  oppofitc  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Great  Kanhaway.  It  is  faid  to  contain 
about  100  houfcs,  all  inhabited i)y  French 
people.  In  Nov.  1796,  many  of  tbc  in- 
habitants fell  viAims  to  the  yeHow  fever, 
generated,  as  was  fuppofed,  by  the  uuufual 
^Ithinefs  of  the  place.  {Elintt.]  It  is  140 
miles  eaftward  of  Columbia,  300  S  W  of 
Pittlburg,  and  559  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  39  2,  W  Ion.  83  9.  This  town  is 
faid  to  be  on  the  decline,  their  rijht  to 
the  lands  not  being  iuftxciently  fecured. 

Galoti,  the  Igweil  of  the  falls  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence  in  Canada.  Between 
the  neck  of  land  ia  Oalette  and  les  Galots 
is  an  excellent  country,  and  no  wlierc  caa 
there  be  Teen  finer  foredsi. 

Galots,  t'ijls  aux,  an  ifland  io  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada ;  3  leagues  be- 
yond rifle  a«x  Chevres,  in  Nlat.  43  33. 

Gallo,  an  ifland  in  the  province  of  Po- 
payan,  S.  Ameri»:a,  in  N  lat.  2  40.  Capt. 
i)ampier  fays  it  is  fttuatcd  in  a  deep  bay, 
and  that  ofl  this  ifland  there  is  not  above 
4  or  5  fathom  watc-r ;  but  at  Segnetta, 
which  is  on  the  N  fide,  a  vefl"el  nvay  ride 
in  deep  water,  free  from  any  danger. 
The  ifland  is  high,  provided  with  wood 
and  good  water,  and  having  good  fandy 
bays,  where  a  fhip  may  be  cleaned.  Alfo, 
the  name  of  an  ifland  of  the  South  fea, 
near  the  coaft  of  Peru,  which  was  the  firfl; 
place  poflefled  by  the  Spaniards,  when 
they  attempted  the  conqueft  of  Peru. 

Galloway,  a  townfliip  in  Gloucefter  co. 
N.  Jerfey. 

Gahvay,  a  poft  town  in  the  county  of 
Saratoga,  N.  York.  '  It  has  2jio  inhabit- 
iuit*.    ^t  i«  W  of  BalUlowo. 


Camile't  Station,  a  fort  about  j%  mil<i 
from  Kuoxville,  in  Teiieflce. 

Gammon,  Point,  anciently  called  Point 
Gilbert,  by  Goihold,  fornis  the  eaftcrn 
lidc  of  the  harbour  of  Hyanis  or  llyennes, 
in  Bamnable  en.  MjlTachufctti. 

Giinaiwque  Xivcr,  in  U.  Canada,  difcharg- 
cs  itfclf  into  the  river  bt.  Lawrence,  in 
tiie  townlliip  of  Leeds.  Ah  high  as  the 
firfl  rapids,  the  fliore  it  bold,  and  the 
water  deep  ;  there  is  an  excellent  har- 
bour in  the  mouth  of  the  river,  the  wjtcr 
is  from  iz  to  15  I'eet  deep  in  the  channel, 
and  the  current  is  very  flow.  This  river 
w:is  called  the  Thamett  before  thcdivilion 
of  the  province  of  Qijebee. 

ijaiiatajla  River,  in  U.  Canada,  by  fome 
called  Petuetefcoutiang,  runs  into  lake 
*  Ontario  on  the  N  fide,  eaflward  of  Petit 
Hfcors,  aiKl  W  of  Pointc  aux  Chevaux. 
From  the  mouth  of  this  river  is  a  earry.- 
ing  place  of  about  1 1  miles,  to  the  Rice 
lake,  through  an  excellent  country  for 
making  a  road.  Smyth. , 

GantieUr,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  gulf  of 
St.  LawruicL,in  N  lat.  48,  near  Bird  ifland. 

Gaiazu,  a  town  in  Bnzil,  and  province 
of  Pernambuco,  i$  miles  N  of  Olinda. 

Giirdiinr,  a  poft  town  in  Kennebeck  co, 
Maine,  (late  the  weflcrly  part  of  Pitt& 
town)  on  the  W  bank  of  Kennebeck  R. 

GurJinr,  a  townfliip  in  Worceftcr  ccj. 
Maflachitfetts,  incorporated  in  1785.  It 
contains  about  14,000  acres,  well  watcr> 
cd,  chiefly  by  Octer  R.  and  667  inhabit- 
ant*. The  road  from  Conneflieut  river, 
through  Pttcrfham,  Gerry,  and  Temple- 
tun  on  to  B(;(lon,  paflcs  through  it ;  26 
miles  N  by  W  of  Worceaer,  and  jS  N  W 
of  Bofton. 

GaiJiier't  IJatitf,  or  7^e  ef  Wight,  lies  at 
the  E  end  of  Long  Ifland,  in  N.  York  ftatc, 
dickered  within  OvQcr  pond,  and  Mon- 
tauk  points;  10  miles  N  W  of  the  latter, 
and  as  far  S  W  of  Plumb  i.land.  It  con- 
tains about  3000  acres  of  fertile  land,  the 
property  of  one  perfon,  and  yields  excel- 
lent grafs,  wheat  and  corn.  Fine  flieep 
and  cattle  are  raifed  on  it.  It  is  annexed 
to  E.  Hampton,  and  lies  40  miles  S  wei\- 
erly  of  Newport,  Rhode  Ifland. 

Garrard,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  lying 
S  E  of  Madifon  co.  on  the  S  ftdc  of  Ken- 
tucky R. 

Gafpe,  or  Gaclepe,  a  bay  and  head  land 
S  of  Florcll  ifle,  which  lies  between  it  and 
Cape  Rofiers,  on  the  E  coaft  of  L.  Canada, 
and  W  fide  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Gajpee,  a  diftricSt,  and  county,  in  L.  Can- 
ada, embracing  the  poiat  of  land  bounded 

by 


n  k 


M 


CAY 


CEM 


l>y  t^e  rlrer  and  gulf  of  St  Lawrence  en 
the  N  and  E,  And  tlic  iMy  of  Chulcuri  S 
and  S  W.  The  inliabitant^,  ronfifling  of 
Acadiani,  refugee  loyalifts,  and  difbandrd 
foldicri,  live  chiefly  in  fcveral  townt  laid 
out  in  1786,00  the  N  lliorc  of  Chalcur 
bay,  which  fee. 

Cjfpee,  or  Namquil  Point,  f  mile*  S  of 
Providence,  Rhode  I.  projetliing  from  the 
weftcrn  fliorc  o(  Providence  R,  rtmatWa- 
blc  as  JH-in^  the  place  where  the  BriilHi 
armed  fchooncr,  called  the  Gafpee,  wa» 
'  .irnt,  June  10,  177a,  by  about  60  men 
./om  Providence,  painted  like  Narragan- 
fet  Indian*.  For  the  ciiufc  of  this  tr^nf- 
atSlinn,  fee  Gordon's  Hift.  of  the  Amcr 
Rev.  vol,  I.  p.  311. 

Gofiiefiay  a  tra<fl  of  country  on  the  S 
(ide  of  (he  mouth  of  St.  Lawrence  K.  and 
on  the  N  fide  of  Chaleurs  biy.  in  \„ Can- 
ada. Its  K  extremity  is  Cape  Rofier*. 
The  IndianscallcdUafpeiians  inhabit  here, 

dates  Co,  in  Edenton  ciiftcrn  didriifl,  N. 
Carolina,  is  bounded  N  by  the  flatc  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Chowan  eo.  It  contains 
j88i  inhabitants,  including  2688  Haves. 
At  the  court  hOufc  is  a  pofl  office,  280 
miles  from  Wafliington.  Chief  (ownt 
|-Iertford. 

Caul/y  River,  about  the  fizc  of  Green- 
briar,  runs  into  the  Kanhawa  fome  miles 
above  the  falls  on  the  eaftcrn  fide.  Its 
fiaurce  is  unknown. 

Gay  HiaJ,  is  a  kind  of  peninfula  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  between  3  and  4 
miles  in  length  and  2  in  breadth,  and  al- 
ntoft  feparatcd  from  the  other  part  of  the 
illand  by  a  large  pond.  The  Indians  in- 
habiting this  part,  when  lately  numbered, 
amounted  to  zc;,.  The  foil  is  good,  and 
only  requires  cultivation  to  produce  mofl 
vegetables  in  perfe«5lion.  '1  here  are  evi- 
dent marks  of  there  having  been  volca- 
noes formerly  on  this  peninfula.  The 
marks  of  4  or  5  craters  arc  plainly  to  be 
feen.  The  mod  foutherly  and  probably 
the  mod  ancient,  as  it  is  grown  over  with 
cral'g,  now  called  the  Devil's  Den,  is  at 
lead  20  rods  over  at  the  top,  14^  at  the 
bottom,  and  full  130  feet  at  the  ild<-'s«  ex- 
cept that  which  is  next  the  fea,  where  it 
is  open.  A  man  now  ajive  relates,  that 
his  mother  could  remember  when  it  was 
common  to  fee  a  light  upon  Gay  {iead  in 
the  night  time.  Others  fay,  their  ancefters 
have  told  them  that  the  whalemen  ufcd  to 
guide  themlelves  in  the  night  by  the  lights 
chat  were  feen  uponGay  Head.  The  fea 
has  made  fuch  encroachments  here,  that, 
jritliia  30  year*,  it  baf  fwe|>t  oiT  i^  or  ap 


rods,  the  eilremity  of  G.-iy  Head  it  the  8 
V  point  of  the  Vineyard.  N  lat.  41  20, 
W  Ion.  from  Greenwich  70  jo. 

G'.t'i  firiJge,  Brunfwirk  co.  Virginia, 
Here  is  a  pofl  office,  211  miks  from  Wallw 
ington. 

Cii,lemnei/)n/jiitHi,  a  town  of  the  Dela» 
ware  Indians,  on  a  creek  of  the  fume 
name,  a  head  water  of  the  Mulkingum. 
This  wak  the  norlheriimon  Moravian  fct- 
tlrment  on  Mulkingum  river.  It  lies  14 
mileii  N  £  hy  N  of  Salem,  and  78  N  wuC^- 
crly  of  Pittfliurg. 

Gtmifie,  a  fort  on  the  river  St.  John's, 
which  wastiiken  by  the  Knglifli  in  1674. 

Genrfcr,  a  townfliip  in  Ontario  co.  fj, 
York,  having  ai7  cledors. 

VtHfJtt  Country,  a  lirge  (ra<Sl  of  land  in 
the  ftate  of  N.York,  iMunuhd  N  and  N 
W  by  lake  Ontario,  S  by  Pennfyivania, 
E  by  the  weftern  part  of  the  military 
townfliips,  in  Onondago  co.  and  \V  bv 
lake  Erie  and  Niagara  R.  It  is  a  rich 
tratSl  of  country,  and  well  wi\tered  by 
lakes  and  rivers ;  one  of  the  latter,  Gen- 
efee  R.  gives  name  to  this  traiTt.  It  is 
generally  flat,  the  rivers  fluggifli,  the  foil 
nioift,  and  the  lakes  numerous. 

Genr/pe  S.  rifcs  in  Pennfyivania,  near 
the  i'pot  which  is  the  highcfl  ground  in 
that  (late,  where  the  eailernmon  water  of 
Alleghany  river,  and  Pine  creeic,  a  water 
of  Sufquchanna,  and  Tioga  R.  rife.  Fifty 
iniles  from  its  fource  there  vre  falls  of  40 
feet,  and  5  from  its  mouth  of  75  feet,  and 
3  little  above  that  of  96  feet.  Thefe  falls 
furiiifli  excellent  mill  feats,  which  are  im- 
proved by  the  inhabitants.  After  a  eourfc 
of  about  100  miles,  moftly  N  E  by  N,  it 
empties  into  lake  Ontario,  4^  miles  E  of 
Irondequat,  or  Rundagut  bay,  and  80  E 
from  Niagara  fails.  The  fcttlements  on 
Gencflec  R.  from  its  mouth  upwards,  are 
Northficld,  Northampton,  Hartford,  Gen- 
(STee,  and  Williamihurgh.  The  laft  men- 
tioned place,  it  is  probable,  will  foon  be 
the  feat  of  cxtenQve  commerce.  There 
will  not  be  a  carrying  place  between  N. 
York  city  and  Williamlburgh,  when  the 
weflern  canals  and  locks  fltall  be  complet- 
ed. The  carrying  places  at  prcfent  arc 
as  follows,  viz.  Albany  to  Schenedlady  16 
miles,  from  the  head  of  the  Mohawk  to 
Wood  creek  i,  Ofwego  falls  2,  Gcneflce 
falls  2 ;  fo  that  there  are  but  21  miles 
land  carriage  ncceflTary,  in  order  to  con- 
vey commodities  from  a  tradl  of  country 
capable  of  maintaining  feveral  millions 
of  people.  The  famous  GcnelTee  flats  lie 
on  the  borders  qI  t^i»  riycn    They  arc 

9bput 


.«•■ 


GEN 

about  to  milci  lon^,  and  altoiit  4  wtde  ( 
tlie  foil  i*  rcmarkdlily  ricli,  (|uitc  cleur  of 
trcej,  producing  j^rafs  nc  ir  10  I'cct  high. 
They  arc  moftly  liic  propiriy  of  the  li»- 
flians. 

Gcivjfe  Ci  ia  hounded  N  by  lake  On- 
tario, "W  l>y  Niagara  R,  and  Lk'-  trie,  S 
by  Pciinfylvania,  E  by  the  coiinticn  of 
Tioga  Mu\  Oiioiid  (go.  It  embraces  the 
f  ouutit*  of  Ontario,  Srcuhcn,  and  Ocnef- 
fce,  and  cotitdincd,  in  luco,  tipward*  of 
17,000  foijli.  In  the  year  1789,  MflTrs, 
Gorham  and  Phcipi  bought  2,100,000 
acres  of  land  in  this  traO^,  rciTiarUablc  for 
its  natural  advantages,  its  fertile  Toil,  and 
mild  I'iiinatc.  it  is  liiuly  watcicd  by  the 
Gcnein.e  river  and  its  tributary  flreams, 
alfo  by  Rtindagut,  Flint,  Mud  and  .SaU 
piun  creek*,  and  by  a  great  number  of 
fine  lakes,  fome  of  winch  are  from  ao  to 
40  niilcj  in  length.  7'he  S  p»rt  of  this 
country  is  watered  by  fevcral  branches  of 
the  Suk]Uchanna,  fuch  as  tii<*  Conhocton, 
Caniflco,  TuCcaror.-i,  and  CHnanifi]iie,  nil 
of  which  are  navigable  from  March  to 
July.  In  1790,  this  country  contained 
only  960  fouls.  A  company  of  Holland- 
ers have  made  a  large  purchafe  in  this 
country.  See  fiatuvia.  The  oak  open- 
ings or  plains  in  this  country  arc  a  great 
curiofity.  T'>cy  arc  level,  two  or  three 
miles  in  extent  each  way,  and  have  only 
a  few  large  oaks  fcattcred  over  them,  the 
under  growth  conliAi  of  ilirub  oaks, 
hickory,  vines,  flowers,  and  long  grafs, 
Thefc  openings,  but  on  a  more  eitenfive 
fcale,  extend  far  to  the  S  W,  and  with  the 
fortifications  found  with  them,  evince 
that  this  country  has  been  foriqerly  fet- 
tled by  a  people  more  civilized  than  the 
prefect  race  of  Indians.       Grew't  MS. 

Genejfu  Co.  is  large,  embracing  the  weft- 
em  part  of  the  (late  of  N.  York.  See  the 
fibove  article. 

Geneva,  a  lake  in  U.  Capada,  which 
forms  the  W  extremity  of  lake  Ontario ; 
to  which  it  is  joined  by  a  fhort  and  nar- 
row ftrait. 

Geneva,  a  poft  town  in  Ontario  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  great  road  from  Albany  to 
Niagara,  fituated  on  the  bank  of  the  N  W 
corner  of  Seneca  lake,  about  74  miles  W 
of  Oneida  caftic,  and  9a  W  of  Whitef- 
town.  The  Friends  fettlement  lies  about 
x8  miles  below  this.  It  has  nearly  ioo 
lioufes,  fome  of  them  handfome,  a  hotel 
5»  feet  fquare,  3  ftories  high.  They  re- 
ceive their  water  in  pipes,  from  a  fpring 
a  mile  diftaut.  A  printing  ofHce  was  cf- 
tj^liil)c4  tiCf  in  1796,  where  a  oewfpa- 


C  E  0 

per  is  publifiicd,  fuppnrtcd,  In  1798,  by 
nuire  th.iii  1000  lublcribtrs. 

C.-Hcvicje,  St.  or  Mijj'n-,  a  villji'c  in 
I.iuiii'iana,  on  tlie  wil'crn  trink  ot  the 
Miiril'iin»i,  nearly  opiiolitc  to  tin.  viil.'^e 
of  Katkafkia^,  11  niilin  liiiitlicrly  oi  J(>it 
C'liaiirta,  65  mile*  bt  low  St.  l.euii*.  Ac 
thin  {ilairita  rcjiMilar  tiuadrangiilar  itdck* 
adc,  c.T,):,b'e  of  being  (k-ldiiiid  by  4CO 
men.  'I'lic  militja  lure  amount  to  about 
180.  It  contained,  about  ao  yi.irs  !i;;o, 
upwnrrli)  of  100  lioiifts,  Hud  460  inhabit- 
ants, bclide  negroes. 

Ceiiiio  Jiiii'i^f,  I'owhatan  co.  Virginia, 
Mere  h  a  pull  oilicc,  166  \\\\\c%  from  Walh- 
J.lgtnn. 

C."i-g,',,  Xt,  a  cape  and  idunds  nearly 
oppnlUe  to  the  i  ivtr  Apalachicola,  on  tlic 
coafl  of  E.  Florida.  Cape  St.  ficorgi'a  lies 
aliout  (>  leagues  to  the  eafltvard  ot  C^ipe 
Blai/.e,  being  an  elbow  of  iht  iaigtftof  tit. 
George's  iflands,  in  N  bit.  19  38.  There 
is  u  large  flioal  running  out  from  '\t  a 
confidrrabic  way,  but  liow  far  has  not  yet 
been  afccrtainnl.  Tl.c  eoafV  between  it 
and  Cape  Biai/,c,  forms  a  kind  of  iiollow 
bay,  witli  deep  foundings  and  a  foft  bot- 
tom. Tlicre  are  two  illands  to  the  N  W 
of  .St.  (ieorijc's  cape ;  that  nearefl  to  it 
is  fmall,  and  remarkable  for  a  clump  of 
Araggling  trees  on  the  middle  of  it ;  the 
other  is  pretty  large,  and  of  a  triangular 
form,  and  leachts  within  3  leagues  of 
Cape  Blaizc,  having  a  paflage  at  each  end 
of  it  for  Ittiail  craft  into  the  bay,  between 
thefe  iflands  and  the  river  Apalachicola  \ 
but  this  bay  is  full  of  flioals  and  cyfler 
banks,  and  not  above  two  or  three  feet 
water  at  mod,  in  any  of  the  branches  o^ 
that  river. 

George,  fort,  was  fituated  on  Point  Com- 
fort, at  the  mouth  of  James  R.  and  5  miles 
N  E  of  Crancy  illand,  at  the  mouth  of 
Eliaabeth  R.  in  Virginia.     See  Comfort. 

George,  Fort  King,  au  ancient  (ort  in 
Georgia,  which  ftood  5  miles  N  E  of  the 
town  of  Darien,  in  Liberty  co.  fituated  at 
the  head  of  a  creek  which  flows  into  the 
ocean  oppofite  Sapelo  I.   It  is  now  in  ruins, 

George,  Lake,  in  £.  Florida,  is  a  dilata- 
tion of  the  river  St.  Juan,  or  St  John,  and 
called  alfo  Great  Lake.  It  is  about  15 
miles  wide,  and  generally  about  15  or  ao 
feet  deep,  excepting  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river,  where  lies  a  bar,  which  carries 
8  or  9  feet  water.  The  lake  is  beautilitd 
with  two  or  three  fertile  illands.  The 
largeft  is  about  2  miles  broad,  and  com- 
mands a  moft  delightful  and  cxtenfive 
profpeCt  of  tUe  waters,  iflands,  £  and  W 

ihorca 


M  .'     'I 


1^?    :' 


1 


■  c  t 


GEO 


GEd 


Aor».>«  of  the  I:ikc,  the  ca;)?s,  th;  hiy  atiJ 
tnnuiu  RovrI  ;  and  to  tlie  S  the  vie  Is 
very  extcniive.  Here  are  evident  m:..i.s 
ot  n  lirgc  town  pf  the  aboriyinea,  and  the 
illand  appears  to  have  been  once  the  cliuf- 
en  rtficJcoce  of  an  Indian  prince.  On  the 
fiite  of  this  ancient  town  ftaiids  a  very 
pompous  Indian  mount,  or  conical  pyra- 
niil  oi*  earth,  from  which  runs  in  a  O^Aight 
line,  a  grand  avenue  oi  Indian  higliway, 
through  a  magnificent  grove  of  ma^^no- 
lias,  live  oaks,  patiri!)  and  orange  trecs^ 
ttrminating  at  the  verge  of  a  large, green, 
ievtl  favanns.  From  fraifments  dug  up, 
ft  appears  to  have  been  a  thickly  inhal;- 
iteJ  town.     See  St.  y^jbaj  ti-jcr. ' 

Genrg!,  Lake,  lies  to  the  louthw^rd  of 
lake  Ciiamplain,  and  its  waters  I'c  ibo'it 
JCO  feet  higher.  The  port;ige  h.tvvecn 
the  two  lakes  is  a  mile  and  a  half;  but 
with  a  fmall  cxpenfe  might  be  reduced 
to  60  yards;  and  with  one  or  two  locks 
might  be  made  navigable  through,  for 
batteaux.  It  is  a  mod  clear,  Ueavvtifyl 
colleiSlion  of  water:  36  miles  long,  and 
from  I  to  7  wide.  It  emb;>roms  more 
than  100  iflands,  fomc  fay  365  ;  very  few 
of  which  arc  any  thing  more  than  barren 
rocks,  covered  with  heath  and  a  few  ce- 
dar, fprucc  and  hemlock  trees,  and  tliru'w, 
and  abundance  of  ratllefnakcs.  On  eac'i 
fide  it  is  (kirtcd  by  prodigious  mountains ; 
from  which  large  quantitic*  of  red  cedar 
are  annually  carried  to  N.  York  for  fliip 
timber.  The  take  is  full  of  (i.'lics,  and 
fomc  of  the  bed  kind,  as  the  black  or  Of- 
vego  bafs,  alfo  large  fpeckled  truuts.  It 
was  called  lake  facrament  by  the  I'rench, 
who,  in  former  times,  were  at  the  paitis 
to  procure  this  water  for  facramcntal 
iifes  in  all  their  churches  in  Canada  : 
hence  prohably  it  derived  its  name-  The 
remajns  of  I'ort  George  ftand  at  the  S  end 
nf  the  lake,  about  14  miles  N  by  W  of 
Fort  Edward,  on  Hudfon  river.  The 
famous  fort  of  Ticonderoga,  which  dood 
un  the  N  fide  of  the  outlet  of  the  lake, 
vhere  it  difehargcs  its  waters  into  lake 
Ciiamplain,  is  now  in  ruins.  See  Cham' 
plain  and  TiconJeroga. 

Georges  Crrek,  Alleghany  CO  Maryland. 
Here  is  a  pod  office,  152  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Gcorgf,  L.iie,  in  U.  Canada,  is  fituatcd 
below  the  falls  of  St.  Maty,  and  to  the 
northward  of  Muddy  lake  ;  it  is  about  aj 
miles  long.and  has  very  fhallow  water. 

Giorgt'j,  St.  an  ifland  and  parifli  belong- 
ing to  the  Bermuda  iflej,  in  the  W.  Indies. 
N  l»t.  3%  45,  W  Ion.  63  30. 


Gfor^cs  St.  a  large  and  Seep  bay  on  tbr 
W  fide  of  Newfoundland  ifland.  N  lat. 
48  11. 

Gcor^e^s  Biwi,  St.  a  fifhing  bank  in  the 
Atjantic  ocean,  E  of  Cape  Cod,  in  MaiTa- 
chufetts.  It  extends  from  N  to  S  between 
41  15,  and  42  2Z  N  lat.  and  between  tf 
jO,  and  68  40  W  Jon. 

G.'orgt's  Key,  St.  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal Britifli  I'ettlements  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
(lurn?.  It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniard* 
duriiig  the  Anwrican  y/ar,  but  retaken  by 
the  Biitifk  fooii  after.  Tbe  Britifli  fet- 
tlcmcnts  on  tlie  Mofquito  fiiore,  and  in 
llie  bay  of  Honduras,  were  furrendered 
to  the  crown  of  .Spain,  at  the  Spanilli  con- 
vent ion,  figncd  at  London,  the  J4lh  of 
July,  1786. 

George  t  R.  St.  in  St.  Mary's  co.  Mary- 
land, is  a  very  broad  but  fliort  creek, 
whofe  mouth  lies  between  Piney  Point 
and  St.  Mary's  R.  on  the  N  bank  of  th* 
Potowmack,  oppoiite  the  ifland  of  the 
fa  me  name. 

Gi-nrges  R.  St.  in  Lincoln  ro.  Maine,  or 
rather  an  arm  of  the  fca,  lies  about  % 
leagues  S  \V  of  Penobfcot  bay.  Four 
leagues  fron\  the  mouth  of  this  river 
dands  Tliomafton.  'I'his  river  is  naviga- 
liie  for  brigs  and  Ihips  of  a  large  burden  up 
to  the  narrov/6  ;  aiid  from  thence  about  4 
miles  higher,  to  nearly  the  head  of  the 
tide,  for  iloops  and  fchooncrs  of  80  or  90 
tons.  I*^  is  about  half  a  league  wide  up  to 
the  narrows.  Of  late  feveral  confidera- 
ble  veflels  have  been  built  in  this  river, 
which  are  empIoyi,d  in  coading,  and 
fometimes  in  foreign  voyages.  There  are 
now  owned  in  this  river,though  it  does  not 
in  all  cipjeed  4  leagues  ip  length,  i  bri?, 
^  topfail  fcliooners,  and  9  floops :  In  aH 
about  I  ICO  tons.  'I'he  navigation,  how- 
ever, is  generally  interrupted  in  winter, 
when  not  only  the  dreams  through  the 
country,  but  the  fait  water  rivers  are 
locked  up  until  fpring.  Firti  abound  here, 
of  almud  all  kinds,  in  their  feafon  ;  and 
.even  lobders,  tiyfters.clams,  and  other  del- 
icacies of  the  aqueous  kind,  are  plenty  i)i 
this  river. 

Gm-gei,  St.  a  village  nearly  in  the  cen- 
tre of  Mewcadle  co.  Delaware,  on  a 
creek  of  its  own  name,  which  fdls  into 
Delaware  R.  4  miles  b^low,  a  little  above 
Reedy  Ifland.  It  is  17  miles  S  by  W  of 
Wilmington,  and  45  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

George's,  St-  the  capital  c*f  the  ifland  of 
Grenada,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  formerly  call- 
ed Fort  Royale,  which  name  the  fort  dill 
retains.    It  is  fituated  on  a  fpacious  bay. 


Gt6 


eE5 


ta  t}%  Vr  fide  of  the  iflatid,  not  far  from 
the  S.  end,  and  poHefles  one  of  the  fafefl 
i^nd  mod  commodious  harbours  in  the 
British  W.  Indies,  which  has  lately  been 
ftirtified  at  a  very  great  expenfo,  and  de- 
<4^r.ed  a  free  port.  This  town  wai  deftroy- 
ed  l>Y  a  dreadful  fire  iii  1771,  .'»n<l  on  N(»- 
vembcr  1, 1775,  it  met  with  the  like  mif- 
fortune  :  and  tlie  lofs  was  valued  at 
jC.^cOjOOO.  Thfl  town  now  inalces  a  very 
handfome  appearance,  has  a  fpaclons 
fquareor  paradeVthe  houfes  arc  built  oi 
brick,  and  tiled  or  dated  ;  fome  few  are 
built  of  ftonfe,  excepting  the'  wurehoufes 
and  dwelling  houfes  rounY  rhe  Imrbour, 
which  aremoftlywoodenbuildings.'  Tlicle 
are  in  a  great  meafute  feparatcd  frofli  the? 
town  by  a  very  deep  and  rocky  hill,  the 
houfes  on  which.wltlithe  treeswhich  fcrvu 
forfliadchavearonianticappcarance.  The 
town  is  computed  to  contain  alx)ut  zoo  in- 
habitants,many  of  whom  are  wealthy  mer- 
chants. This  was  its  fitaation  before  the 
infurredion  of  the  negroes ;  of  its  prefent 
ftate  we  have  not  authetic  information. 

Gnrgi-totvn,  the  chief  and  port  town  of 
SufTex  CO.  Delaware,  is  i6  miles  W  S  W 
of  Lewiftown,  and  lo,^  S  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  about  30  houfes,  and  has  late- 
ly been  made  the  ftat  ofthe  county  pourts. 

Georgetmvn,  a  port  town  in  Maryland,  in 
Kent  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefaptak  bay, 
of  about  30  houfes.  It  is  9  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river  SaHafras,  on  the  S 
fide  oppofite  to  Frederick,  60  N  E  of 
Chefter,  and  65  S  Wof  Philadelphia. 

Georgrtotvn,  a  pod  town  of  Be;tver  co. 
J^ennfylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Mohon- 
gahela  R.  at  the  mouth  of  George's  creek. 
Here  a  number  of  boats  are  annually 
built  for  the  trade  and  emigration  to  the 
weflern  country.  It  lies  16  mil-^s  S  W  of 
Union, 

GtorsretoiBn,  a  poft  town  and  port  of  en- 
try, in  Montgomery  co.  Maryland,  and  in 
the  territory  of  Columbia.  It  is  pleafant- 
ly  fituated  on  a  number  of  fmall  hills,  up- 
on the  northern  bank  of  Potowmack  R. 
bounded  eaftward  by  Rock  creek,  which 
feparates  it  from  Wafliington  city,  and 
lies  4  miles  from  the  capital,  and  8  N  of 
Alexandria.  It  contains  pbout  i.^c  houf- 
es, feveral  of  which  are  elegant  and  com- 
modious. The  Roman  Catholics  have  ef- 
tabliflied  a  college  here,  for  the  promotion 
of  genera!  literature,  which  is  at  prefent 
in  a  flourifliing  ftate.  The  building  be- 
ing found  inadequate  to  contain  the  num- 
ber of  ftudents  that  applied,  a  large  ad- 
£tion  has  been  made  to  it.    Georgetown 


carries  on  a  fmall  trade  with  Europe  andl 
the  W.  Indies.  The  exports  in  one  year, 
ending  Sept.  30,  1 794,  amounted  to  thd 
value  of  J  28,9;! 4  dolls.  It  is  46  miles  S 
Why  W  of  BaUiiuore,  and  148  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.     I  at.  38  55  N.  Ion.  3  3  W. 

Got/- fi'/f)«v(,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  is  fit-* 
uated  on  both  Jides  of  Kf  nnebcck  R.  It 
WH-t  incorpiiiatcd  In  1716,  is  the  oldeft 
town  in  the  cotinty,  and  contciins  i  C34  in- 
h.ibitantj.  It  is  bounded  fouthcrlyby  the 
ocean,  woflcrly  by  the  towns  of  Karpf- 
well  and  Brunfwck,  N  wcllcrly  by  Eath, 
and  ealL-rly  by  Woolwich  ;  being  cntir  ly 
lurroiiiidid  by  navigable  waters,  except- 
ing about  a  miles  of  land,  which  divides 
the  waters  of  Winnagauce  creek,  a  part 
of  the  Kenneb«ck,  from  an  arm  or  influx 
of  Caieo  bay,  called  .Sfcpiipn's  R.  The; 
ei^trance  at  the'  month  of  Kennebeck  R.  i» 
guided  oil  the  E  by  Parker's  ifland,  be- 
longing 19  this  townflip.  It  contain* 
abotit  zp,oc6ii(srts  of  land  «Tid  Tiilt  niarfn,. 
and  is  tnliabittd  by  more  than  qiw  third 
part  of  tlie  people  of  the  lownfliip.  This 
was  the  fpot  on  which  tli'j  r.iiropwins  firit 
attempted  to  cotonife  New  F.n^land,  in  the 
year  1607.  It  is  a  part  of  what  Was  called 
Sagadiihock;  and  the  patentees  of  the  Ply- 
mouth con.pimy  began  here  to  lay  the  foun- 
dation of  a  great  ftate.  They  fent  over  :i 
number  of  civil  and  military  officers,  and 
about  TOO  people.  By  various  misfor- 
tunes they  Were  forced  to  give  up  the  fet- 
tlcnicr.t,  and  in  1608,  the  whole  number 
who  furvfved  the  winter  returned  to  En- 
gland. There  was  a  tradition  among  the 
Noi  rid,';ewa!'-:  Indians,  that  thefe  pl.mter* 
invited  a  number  of  the  natives,  V'ho  had 
come  to  trade  with  them,  to  draw  a  fmall 
canon  by  a  rope,  and  that  when  thev 
were  r.nnged  in  a  line,  the  white  people  dis- 
charged the  piece,  and  thereby  killed  and 
wounded  feveral  of  them.  I'he  refent- 
ment  of  the  natives  at  this  treacherous 
murder,  obliged  the  Europeans  tore  ini- 
bark  the  next  fummcr.  Georgetown  is 
15  miles  S  of  Pownalborough,  and  170  N 
by  E  of  Bofton. 

Georgeiniim,  a  poft  town  of  Georgia,  in 
the  CO.  of  Oglethorpe,  jo  miles  S  W  of 
Augiifta,  furrounded  by  a  poor  country  ; 
but,  neverthelefi,  exhibiting  marks  of 
growing  profperii  y. 

Grori^rtotvn,  a  large  maritime  diftridl  in 
the  lower  country  of  S  Carolina,  fituated 
in  the  N  E  corner  of  the  ftate.  Horry 
and  Marion  diftridlshave  lately  been  taken 
from  this  diftri'ft,  leaving  20,33a  inhab- 
itant!, of  wltich  16,860  are  (laves. 

Ctorgetexint 


iH 


6t6 


nt6 


tietir^etoien,  A  poft  town,  port  of  entry, 
arid  ciipititl  of  the  above  didritft,  is  lituat- 
fcd  oil  a  fpot  near  which  feveral  flreams 
unite  tlicir  w:ater8,  and  form  a  broad 
fireairi  called  Winyaw  bay,  13  miles  from 
tlie  fea.  See  Pvdee  R.  Its  lituation  con- 
net?ts  it  with  an  extenfive  back  country 
f)f  both  the  Carolinas,  and  would  be  a 
place  of  vaft  importance,  were  it  not  for  a 
bar  at  the  entrance  of  Wjnyaw  bay, 
which  interrupts  the  entrancie  uf  vefTelij 
drawing  above  1 1  feet  water,  and  is  in  ma- 
ny refpe^^ls  a  dangerous  place.  It  contains 
3  or  400  dwelling  hpufts,  built  chiefly  of 
wood.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court 
houi'c,  gaol,  and  academy;  4  churches, of 
which  the  Epifi-opalians,  Baptilts,  Prolby- 
terians  and  Methodilts  have  one  each.  In 
the  academy,  orphans  aiid  indigent  chil- 
dren are  educated  gratis.  There  is  here 
a  fmall  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  ex- 
parts,  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1795? 
were  to  tlie  valu2  of  ai.^i  i  dollars.  It  U 
60  miles  N  K  by  N  of  Charlefton,  127  S  W 
of  Wilmingtonj.N.,  Carolina,  and  681  from 
Philadelphia'.    N  I'at.  33  24,  W  Ion.  79  35. 

Ciorsria,  one  of  the  t/nited  ftates  of  N. 
/Lmerica,  is  fiUiated  between  30  37  and 
35  N  lat.  and  between  80  8  and  91  8  W 
hm.  bein^  about  600  mSles  in  length,  and 
An  an  average'  C50  in  breadth.  It  is 
bounded  K  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  ^  S  by 
E.  and  W.  Florida  ;  W  by  the  river  Millt- 
fipi ;  N  E  and  N  by  S.  Carolina  and  the 
"i'cnelTee  ftatc.  It  was  formerly  divided 
into  pariflies,  aiterwards  into  3  diftridts, 
but  lately  into'  z  diftridts,  viz.  Upper  and 
Lower,  which  artf  fubdivided  into  24  coun- 
ties as  follow  :  lit  the  Lower  diftridl 
are"  Camden,  Glynn,  Liberty,  Chatham; 
Uryart,  M'Intofh,  Effingham,  Scriven,  and 
Burke.  The  counties  in  the  Upper  dif- 
tridl  are  Montgomery,  Wafhington,  Han- 
cock, Greene,  Franklin,  Oglethorpe,  El- 
bert, Wilkes,  Lincoh,  Warren,  JefTerfon, 
Jackfon,  Bullock,  Columbia,  and  Rich- 
mond. The  principal  towns  are  Aiigufta, 
formerly  the  feat  of  govertiment,  Savan- 
nah, the  former  capital  of  the  (late.  Sun- 
bury,  Brunfwick,  Frederica,  Wafliington, 
and  Louifville,  which  is  the  metropolis  of 
the  flate ;  and  here  are  depofited  the  re- 
cords of  the  flate,  fuch  of  them  as  a  late 
Icgiilature  did  not  order  to  be  publicly 
burnt.  The  principal  rivers  which  water 
Georgia  are.  Savannah,  which  feparates  it 
From  S.  Carolina ;  Ogeechee  river,  which 
tuns  parallel  with  the  forrier,  and  Alata- 
inaha,  which  runs  parallel  with  the  others, 
fiefide  thefc  and  their  aumerout  branches, 


there  !8  Turtle  river.  Little  Sitifla,  Great 
Sitilla,  Crooked  R.  and  St.  Mary's,  which 
forms  a  part  of  the  fouthern  boundary  of 
the  U.  States.    The  rivers  In  the  middle 
and  weftcrn  parts  will  be  noticed  under 
the  head  of  Gvorgia   Weftern  Tcrltory.     All 
thefe  are   ftorcd  with  a  great  variety  of 
fifli,  as  rock,  mullet,  whiting,  fliad,  trout, 
drum,  bafs,  ca'tiifli,  white,  brim  and  ftur- 
gcon ;  and  the  bays  and  lagoons  are  fup- 
plied  with  oyflcrs,  and  other  fliell  fifli, 
crabs,  flirimps,  &c.    The  clams,  in  par- 
ticular, are  large,  their  meat  white,  tender, 
and  delicate.     The  fliark  and  great  black 
Aingray  are  lufatiable  cannibals,  and  very 
troublefome  to  the  flfliermen.    The  chief 
lake  or  mar(li  is  Ekanfanoka,  by  foine  cal- 
led Ouaquaphenogaw,  which  is  300  miles 
in  circumference.    The  eaflein  part  of 
the  ftatc,  between  the  mountains  and  the 
ocean,  artd  the  rivers  Savannah  and  St. 
Mary's,  a  trail:  of  country  more  than  lao 
rtiilen  fnnn  N  to  S,  and  from  50  to  80  E 
and  W,  is   level,  without  a  hill  or  ftone. 
At  the  di  (lance  of  about  40  or  jo  miles 
from   the  fea  board,  or  fait  marih,   the 
lands  begin  to  be  more  or  lefs  uneven,  un- 
til they  gradually  rife  to  mountains.    The 
vaft  chain  of  the  Alleghany  or  Appalach- 
ian mountains,  which  commence  with  the 
kaats  Kilt,  near  Hudfon  R.  in  the  ftate  of 
N.  York,  terminate  in  Georgia,  60  miles  S 
Of  its  northern  boundary.     From  the  foot 
of  this  mountain  fpreads  a  wide  extended 
plain,  of  the  richcft  foil,  and  in  a  latitude 
and  climate  well  adapted  to  the  cultivai- 
tion  of  moft  of  the  produdHons  6f  the 
fouth  of  Europe,  and  of  the  Eaft  Indies; 
In  the  low  country,  near  the  rice  fwamps, 
billious  complaints  and  fevers  of  various- 
kinds  are  pretty  univerfal,  dliring  the 
months  of  July,  Augafl,  and  September ; 
but  the  fertility  of  the  foil,  and  the  eafe 
with  which  it  \i  ii.  ^    ived,  are  a  futhcient 
inducement  to  fettle,  a,  and  an  unfailing 
fource  of  wealth.    Before  the  fvckly  fea- 
fon  approaches,  the  rich  planters,  with 
their  families,  remove  t(    he  feaiflands,  or 
forae  elevated,  healthy       lation,  for  th<f 
bene(it  of  the  frelli  air.     In  the  winter 
and  fpring,  pleurifies,  peripneumonies,  and 
other  inflammatory  diforders,  occafioned 
by  violent  and  fudden  colds,  are  confider- 
ably  common,  and  frequently  fatal.    Con- 
fumptions,  epilepfies,  cancers,  palfles,  and 
apoplexies,  are  not  fo  common  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  fouthern  as  northern 
climates.     The  winters  in  Georgia  are 
very  mild  and  pleafant.    Snow  is  felddm 
or  never  i'oeu ;  nor  i«  vtgctatien  often  pre* 

veoted 


GEO 


GEO 


vested 


feixtei  by  fevere  frofls.  Cattle  fubfift 
tolerably  well  during  the  winter,  feeding 
in  the  woods  and  favannas,  and  arc  fatter 
in  that  fcafon  than  iu  any  other.  In  tlie 
hilly  country,  which  begins  al>out  50,  and 
hi  feme  places  100  miles,  from  the  fea, 
the  air  is  pure  and  falubrious,  and  the  wa- 
ter plenty  and  good.  From  June  to  Sep- 
tember the  mercury  in  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer commonly  flutStuates  from  76  to 
90.  In  winter  from  40  to  60.  The  mod 
prevailing  ^inds  are  S  W  and  F.  ;  in  win- 
ter N  W.  The  E  wind  is  warmefl  in  win- 
ter and  cooleft  in  fummer.  The  S  wind 
in  fummer  and  tall  piirticularly,  is  damp, 
fultry,  unelaflic,  arfd  of  courfe  unhealthy. 
In  the  S  E  parts  of  this  ftate,  which  lie 
within  a  few  de'grees  of  th*  torrid  zione, 
the  atmofphere  is  kept  in  moti<m  by  im- 
prefTioris  from  the  trade  winds.  This  pu- 
tifies  the  air  ;  fo  tliat  it  U  found  to  have 
falutary  eiTe<fls,  on  confumptiye  habits. 
In  the  low  lands  art  the  rice  fields.  In 
the  interior  and  hilly  parts,  wheat,  Indian 
Corn,  and  the  other  produAions  more 
common  to  the  northern  liites.  Rice  is 
at  prefent  the  ftaple  commodity  of  the 
ftate ;  tobacco,  wheat  and  indigo  are  the 
other  great  articles  of  produce,  fieftde 
thefe  the  (tate  yields  cotton,  filk,  corn,  po- 
tatoes, oranges,  figs,  olives,  pomegranates, 
&c.  I'he  foreds  confill  of  oak,  hickory, 
mulberry,  pine,  ceda^,  &c.  The  whole 
coaft  is  bordered  with  iflands  ;  the  prin- 
cipal «}f  which  are  Skidaway,  "WaiFaW, 
QlTabaw,  St.  Catherines,  Sapelo,  Frederica, 
JekyI,  Cumberland,  &c.  TheJe  i  Hands 
are  furrounded  by  navigable  creeks,  be- 
tween whi  h  and  the  main  land  is  a  large 
extent  of  fait  marfh,  fronting  the  wlK)!e 
ftate,  not  lefs,  on  an  average,  than  4  or  5 
miles  in  breadth,  interfedled  with  creeks 
in  varlnUi  dire(5tions,  admitting,  through 
the  whole,  an  inland  navigation,  between 
the  iCandS  and  the  main  land,  from  the 
N  E  to  the  S  E  cornftrs  of  the  ftate.  The 
E  ildes  of  thefe  iflands  are,  for  the  moft 
J)art,  clean,  hard,  fandy  beaches,  expofed 
to  the  wafli  of  the  ocean.  Between  thefe 
iflands  are  the  entrances  of  the  rivers 
f^owi  the  interior  country,  winding 
through  the  low  fait  marflies,  and  deliver- 
ing their  waters  into  the  founds,  which 
form  capacious  harbours  of  from  3  to  8 
miles  over,  and  which  communicate  with 
each  other  by  parallel  fait  creeks.  The 
foil  and  its  fertility  are  various,  according 
to  fituatiun  and  different  improvement. 
The  iflands  in  their  natural  ftate  are  cov- 
ered with  a  pltotiful  prov/th  of  pine,  oak, 
Vol.  f.  /- 


hickory,  live  oak  (an  uncommonly  hard 
and  very  valuable  wood)  and  fomc  red 
cedar.  The  foil  is  a  mixture  of  fund  and 
black  mould,  making  what  is  commonly 
called  a  grey  foil.  A  confidcrablc  part  of 
it,  particularly  that  whereon  grow  the 
oak,  hickory,  and  live  oak,  is  very  rich, 
and  yields  on  cultivation,  good  crops  of 
indigo,  cotton,  corn,  and  potatoes,  'i'ha 
foil  of  the  main  land.adjoiningthc  marftics 
and  creeks,  is  nearly  of  the  lame  quality 
with  that  of  the  iflands  :  except  that 
which  borders  on  thole  rivers  and  creek.;, 
which  ftrctcli  far  bacK.  into  ihc  country. 
On  thefe,  immediately  after  you  leave  the 
falts,  begin  the  valuable  rite  fwamps, 
which,  on  cultivation,  allbrd  the  prtftirt 
chief  ftaple  of  commerce.  'J'he  Ibil  be- 
tween the  rivers,  after  you  leave  the  i'cA 
board,  and  the  edge  of  the  fwamps,  at  the 
dtftance  of  io  or  30  miice,  changes  from 
a  grey  to  a  red  colour,  on  which  grow* 
plenty  of  oak  and  hickory,  with  a  con- 
uderablc  intermixture  of  pine*  In  fome 
places  it  is  gravelly,  but  fertile,  and  fi» 
continues  for  a  number  of  miles  gradu- 
ally deepening  the  rcddifli  coI«)ur  of  the 
earth,  till  it  changes  into  what  is  called 
the  mulatto  foil,  corifilling  of  a  black  and 
red  earth.  The  mulatto  lands  are  gen- 
erally ftrnng,  and  yitld  large  crops  of 
wheat,  tobacco,  corn,  &c.  To  this  kind 
of  land  fuccceds  by  turns  a  foil  nearly 
black  and  very  rich,  on  which  grow  large 
quantities  of  black  v.aliuit, mulberry,  &c. 
This  fuccellion  of  diftei  ent  foils  continues 
uniform  and  regular,  thoitgli  there  are 
fomc  large  veins  of  all  the  dilTerent  foi!» 
intermixed  ;  and  what  is  nn)rc  remarka- 
ble, this  fucceftjon,  in  the  order  mention- 
ed, ftrctches  acrofs  this  fbte  nearly  paral- 
lel with  the  feacoaft,and  extends  through 
the  feveral  ftatcs,  nearly  in  the  fame  di- 
rcdlion,  to  the  banks  of  Hudfon  river. 
Cotton  was  formerly  planted  here,  only 
by  the  poorer  clafs  of  people,  and  that 
only  for  family  ufe.  They  planted  two 
kinds,  the  annual  and  the  IVeJl  Indian  ;  the 
former  h  low,  and  planted,  every  year  ; 
the  balls  are  large,  and  the  phlox'long, 
ftrong,  and  perfetftly  white.  The  latter 
is  a  tall  perennial  plant,  the  ftalk  foipc- 
what  Ihrubby,  feveril  of  whieh  rife  up 
from  the  root  for  feveral  years  fuccef- 
fively,  the  ftenis  of  the  former  year  being 
killed  by  the  winter  frofls.  The  balls  of 
the  W.  India  cotton  arc  not  quite  fo  large 
as  the  other,  but  the  phlox  or  wool  is  ' 
long,  extremely  fine,  lilky  and  wliite.  A' 
pluntatiou  of  this  kind  iwU  Lft  feveral 

)-cars. 


':■  *'■ 


\P 


GEO 


CEO 


years,  with  moderate  labour  and  cire. 

The  ctiltuc  of  cotton  is  now  much  more 
attended  to  ;  feveral  indijjo  planters  have 

converted  their  phntations  into  cotton 
fields.     A  new  Ipecies  is  about  to  be  in- 
troduced into  this  ftate.thc  feed  of  which 
was  lately  brought  by  Capt.  Jofiah  Rob- 
erts from  Wait uhoo,  one  of  the  Marquclas 
iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  and  fent 
to  a  gentleman  in  Georgia  by  a  member 
of  the  Hi ftorical.  Society' in  Bofton.    This 
cotton  is  of  a  vei  y  fine  texture,  and  it  is 
txpedtcd  will  prove  a  conliderable  acqui- 
fitiou.  to  the  louthern'  ftates.     The  cotton 
at  prefcnt  raifcd  in  Georgia,  is  diftinguiflv- 
«d  by  fomc  into  fvo  kinds,  tlie  greenand 
Mack  feed ;  the  former  is  planted  in  the 
U/)J>er  Country,  the  latter  on  the  fca  iilands 
and    adjacent    lands,  and  was  brought, 
about  the  year  1788,  from  the  Baljanias. 
And  there  is  now  a  profpcCl,  that  in   a 
&W  years  thv:  (latcs  of  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia  may  be.  able  to  raife  more  than 
ten  mlllioin  of  pounds  of  cotton  annually 
for   exportation.     Mod  of  the  tropical- 
fruits  would  (lourifli  in  this  ftatCj  with 
proper  attention.     The  S  welkrn  part  of 
this  ftatc,and'the  parts  of  E.  and  W.  Flor- 
ida, wliich  lie  adjoining,  will,  probably, 
in  fome  future  tiinf ,  become  the  vineyard 
of  A'nerica.    The  chief  articles  of  export 
are  rice,  tobacco,  indigo,  fago,  lumber, 
naval  (lores,   leather,  deer    Ikins,  fnakc 
iDot,  myrtle  and  bees  wax,  corn-,  and  live 
(lock,     riie  planters  and   farmers  raife 
large  floclcs  of  cattle,  from  1030  to  151  o 
head,  and  fome  more.     The  value  in  Utr- 
lin;;  money,  of  the  exports  of  Georgia,  in 
the   year   I7,<5,   was    15,744!.  in    1772, 
121,6771.  in  1791,  value  in  dolls.  491,472  ; 
in  179a,  458,97;,  ;  in  179.^  501,38.5  ;  in 
1794.676,154;  in  i796,9?o,i58;  and  in 
i-8or,  1,854,951.     In   1790,  the  tonnage 
employed  in  this  flatc  was  28,540,  and 
the  number  of  American  feamen.ii,22.f. 
la  return  for  her  exjjjorts,  Georgia  re- 
ceives W  India  goods,  tea";,  wines,  clotli- 
injj,  and  dry  goods  of  all    kinds.      From 
the  northf^rn  flatcs,  chcefe,  filh,.  potatoes, 
apples,  cider,  and    fliocs.     The  imports 
an  I  exj>()rrs  are  principally  to  and  frcni 
Savanr:  »h^  which  hns  a  fine  harlwur,  and 
is  the  pL'iec  wliere  the  principal  commar- 
ci.il  Ivilinen  of   the  flntc   ii   tranfai^ted. 
Ac^irfl'.Uijr   to  /.he  cenfus   of  1790,  the 
riuuibcr     of    iniiabitanis    amounted     to 
}4...j4;'.   of  whom    29,26:4   were    (laves. 
The  inTcafe  by  immigration  and  other- 
\v\U\  h'<i    been   very  coii'idcrable  (incc. 
Thfr' dilTcrcnt  religioui  ('t»ili»  are  PrcILytc- 


riant,  Epifcop-ilians,  Baptiftis,  and  Meth^ 
odills.     Tliey  have  but  few  regular  min-» 
ifters  among  them.    The  citizens  of  Geor- 
gia have  lately  revifed  and  altered  their 
conftitution,  and  formc>d   it  upon  a  plan 
fimilar  to  the  federal  conftitution  of  the 
United   States.     The   literature   of  this 
flatc,  which  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  is  com- 
mencing on  a  plan  which,  if  ever  carried 
into  circc~t,  will  be  very  advantageou*  to 
the  flate.     A  college  with  ample  and  lib- 
eral endowments  is  inftitutcd  in  Louif- 
viik,a  big!)  and  healthy  part  of  the  c.nin- 
try,  near  the  centre  of  the  ftate.    'i'htre 
is  aifiv  provifi<)n  made  for  the  inftitutiun 
of  an  academy  in  each  county  of  the  Hate, 
to  be  fupported  from  the  fame  funds,  and 
confidercd  as  parts  and  members  of  tlie 
fame  inditution,  under  the  general  fu-per- 
intcndancc  and  diredtion  of  a  prefidtnt 
and  board  of  truftees,  feletSlcd  for  tlicir 
literary  accomplilhments  from  the  dinir- 
cnt  parts  of  the  (late,  and  invefted  with 
the  cu(lom?ry  powers  of  corporations. 
Titis  inflitution  is  denominated  The  Uni- 
veiftty  of  Gtorgia.     Tiie  funds  for  the  fup- 
port  of  literary  inftitutions  are  princi- 
pally in  lands,  amounting  in  the  whole  t«» 
50,000  acres,  a  great  part  of  which  is  of 
the  lM;rtquHlity,-and  at  prefcnt  very  val- 
uable; together  witii  nearly  6000!.  fler- 
ling  in  bonds,  houfes,  and   town  lots  in 
Augufta.     Other  public   property  to  the 
amount  of  locol.   itt  each   county,  has 
been  fcf  apart  for  the  purpofes  of  build- 
ing and  furuifliing  their  rtfpc<Slive  acad- 
emies.   The  funds  originally  defigned  to 
fvipport  the  literary  orphan  houfe,  found- 
ed by  the  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  a  few 
miles  S  of  Savannah,  are  chiefly  in  rice 
plantations  and  negroes.     On  the  death 
of  t!ie  Countefs  of  Huntingdon,,  to  whom. 
Mr.  Whitefield  beiiueathed  this  property, 
as   truftce,  the   legirtaturc,  in  the  year 
1791,  palled  a  law,  veiling  it  in  13  com- 
milTioncrs.with  powers  to  carry  the  orig- 
inal intention  of  jMr.  VVhiteficld  into  ex- 
ecution; and  in complimint  totheCount- 
cf|),  titc  frjiiinaiy  is    filled   Huntingdon 
Colli-'gc,    The  dillcrent  rciigir)us  fe^are 
Baptills,  Methodids,  TreAjyterian:^,  Epif- 
copaiians,  Ron'j.in  Catholics,  Quakers  ;<nd 
Jews.     The  two  iirfl  are  the  mofl  numer-; 
ous,  and  inhabit  the  upper  part  of  the 
flate.    Tilt  Epifcopalians  and  Prtfljytc- 
rians  arc  abiiit  ctjual  in  nuinlier.     Tlie 
C  itholicb  and  Ji.  wk  have  e:!ch  one  church.. 
It  is  greatly  to  be  lamented  by  all   good 
men,  that  there  are  i'j  fci«-.  minifleis  ol 
education  iii  th'»  ft't*?-     i hi*._ (Litft  w;ii 

\  ■  '      r  fiiiV 


GEH 


Gin 


fr'ft  fettled  in  the  year  17.33,  and  was  tlu 
only  colony  planted  at  the  cxpctifc  of  tlu 
trown. 

Georgirna,  the  name  originally  given  in 
the  eharter,  to  a  tradl  of  country  in  the 
province  of  Maine. 

Gior^t;ii!,  a  lo\t'nfliip  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  contauis  ic68  inh:iSitants,  It 
is  fituatcd  on  lake  Chaniplain,  oppnfitt 
to  the  N  end  of  South  Hero  Illand,  and 
joins  Milton  on  the  S,  and  St.  Alhan'»  on 
the  N.  I.a  Moillc  river  croflcb  the  S  E 
coincT  of  this  townfliip. 

(h-orgla.,  Southern, 7i  chift.^r  ofb.irrtn  ifl- 
ands,  in  the  South  Sea,  and  E'oi  the  coaft 
of  Tcrrii  del  Fiiego  ;  about  Int.  54  ,;5  S, 
and  Ion.  36  30  W.  One  of  ilieni  is  be- 
tween 50  and  60  leagues  in  length.  It  is 
a  (lifntal  region,  the  land  of  ice,  the  vales 
are  dcflitute  of  flirnhs ;  coarle  t;rafs,  bur- 
nft  and  lichens  the  only  vegetal>ks. 

P'ltihciion. 

GiTarilJloivn,  a  neat  little  town,  in  Berk- 
ley CO.  Virginia,  containing  about  30  or 
40  houfes ;  10  miles  irava  Martinlburg, 
and  154  from  Philadelphia. 

German,  a  townfliip  in  Fayette  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  has  1835  inhabitants. 

Gfrntan  Flats,  the  chief  and  pofb  town 
of  Herkemcr  co.  N.  York.  It  contains 
J637  inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  N  fide 
of  Mohawk  river,  oppofite  Hcrkemer. 
It  is  24  miles  E  of  Whitcftown,  and  60 
miles  W  of  Schencdady.  It  contains  1637 
inha!)itants. 

Germdmit,  a  port  town,  Culpepper  co. 
Virginia,  8a  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Germantown,  (N.  York)  in  Coluni.)ia  co. 
containing  516  inhabitants.  In  I7y6,  it 
had  75  qualiHed  voters. 

Getmantoii'K,  in  Philadelphia  ca  Penn- 
fylya.iia,  is  lituatcd  7  miles  N  of  Philadel- 
phia city,  and  was  tfleemed  the  fecond 
town  in  the  country,  until  fcveial  inland 
towns  cclipfed  it,  by  fupcrior  eftablifli- 
ments  and  number  cif  inhabitants.  It  is 
a  corporation,  conlifHnj  chiefly  yf  Hijjh 
and  Low  Dutch,  and  contains  about  2S^ 
houfes,  chiefly  of  done,  fonie  of  which  arc 
large,  ekgant  and  commodious  ;  built 
chiefly  on  one  ftrcct,  about  3  miles  in 
length.  The  public  buildings  arc  a  Pref- 
byterian,  a  German  Calvinifl  and  I.Mthe- 
ran  church,  a  Fi-iend's  meeting  houfe,and 
aa  academy.  Knit  flockings,  of  cotton, 
thread  and  worfled,  are  nianufadured 
here  by  individuals  to  a  tonfiderable  ex- 
tent, and  of  an  excellent  qualitj'.  It  is  an 
ancient  town,  pleafantly  fituatcd,  and  by 
its  vicinity  to  the  mctropoli's,  wtll  adapt- 


ed for  manufartures  Here  is  he  prin- 
cipal congregation  of  the  MeniKinifts,  and 
the  moilieroffhat  IVdl  in  AuKriea.  1  hey 
derive  their  name  from  Menno  .Simon,  a 
learned  man  t)f  VVitmar.s,  in  tiirmany, 
oneof  the  reformers, born  in  IJC5.  yc^mc 
of  his  followers  came  into  Pcnnfylvania, 
from  N.  York,  in  1692.  There  aie  .>h:wX 
4C00  of  them  in  ttie  ftp.tc.  They  tlo  nor, 
like  the  Tunkcrs,  bdieve  in  gtmral  fal- 
vation  ;  yet,  like  thtni,  thiy  will  neither 
fwcar  nor  fight,  nor  Ixar  any  civil  oflicc, 
nor  00  to  law,  nor  take  intcrtfl  for  ruoney, 
though  many  bicaktlut  rule.  Tiny  ul'c 
grtj't  I'lainnefs  in  thiir  drefs,  &c.  and 
pra«!^ile  many  of  the  fites  (jflhe  primitive 
Chn-ftian  church.  'Iliis  town  is  alfo  ren- 
dered famous,  by  the  battle  fought  in  it, 
on  the  4th  of  OiS.  1777. 

Gcrmnntoton,  x  poll  town,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Stokes  CO.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  litii- 
ated  near  the  Town  Fork  of  Dan  river, 
and  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and 
about  30  houfea.  It  is  528  miles  S  W  by 
S  of  Philadelphia. 

(Jirmi!iitL-:iii,  the  chief  town  of  'Hyde 
CO.  in  Newbern  dlflrict,  N.  Carolina 

Germany,  a  town  in  Adims  co.  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  has  1013  inliabiiants. 

Cerrar.l,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 6083  inlinbitants,  of  wlioni  1234 
are  flaves. 

Gerrijh  IJl.tnd,  a  fmall  ille  near  Cane 
Neddoek,  clofe  to  the  jnaiii  huid  of  llic 
diflriifl  of  Maine. 

G. »•/•_)', a  torrnHvip  in  Worccflcr  eo.  Mal- 
lachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in  17^6, 
and  c<MUains  14OCO  acres  of  land,  ou 
which  arc  8c2  inhabitants.  It  is  }z  milts 
N  W  of  Worctfter,  and  66  N  W  by  W  of 
Boflon. 

Gdt'^f.i:irgb,.\  fmall  pofl  town  in  Adam.i 
CO.  Pc'nnfylvania,  Gtuaied  at  tiie  head  of 
Rock  Creek,  one  of  the  head  waters  ol  tiie 
Monococy,  and  contains  about  30  houfes. 
It  is  y  miles  N  of  the  Marylind  line,  B 
miles  from  Millerflown,  15  ironi  Ablxnf- 
town,  36  fiom  Williamfport  in  Maryland, 
and  118  \V  by  «  of  Philadelphia. 

GilAatvayt,  .nn  Indian  tribe  icllding  in 
IT.  Canada,  on  the  E  fide  of  Detroit  R. 
opj)olitc  to  Port  Gibralter. 

Gibraltcr,  an  ancient  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Venezuela,  in  Terra  Firma.  It  is 
fitnated  on  the  S  cadern  fide  of  Mara- 
caibo  lake.  'I'he  country  iu  its  vicinity 
is  well  watered  with  rivers,  and  bears  tl)e 
bcfl  quality  of  cac«o,  and  very  large  ce- 
dars. The  bed  Spanifli  tobacco  is  made 
lierc,  called  Taba^o  dc  Manlcaibo,  from 

whicU 


%l 


il  i 


II 
i 


GL  A 


GLO 


;    I 


I, 


wliifh  the  valuable  fnufTis  made,  vulgar- 
ly cailcii  Maciabii  liiulV.  I'lie  air,  \wv,- 
evcr,  is  fo  unhciilthy,  that  very  few  l»ut 
labuurcrii  live  in  the  town  ;  the  wealthier 
fort  rclorting  to  Merida  or  Mara'caiUo. 

OiJialur  ^oint,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the 
•wtftcrn  extremity  of  a  fand  baulc,  which 
forms  the  harbour  of  York,  and  upon 
■which  block  houfcs  arc  ercdlcd  for  its 
defence.  'I'hcre  is  another  place  of  this 
name  on  tlic  fide  of  lake  Memphramagog, 
in  the  town  of  Bolton  in  L.  Canada. 

Gil',  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co.  Maf- 
fachufctts,  on  the  W  bank  of  Couneiflicut 
R.  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Miller's  R. 
on  the  oppofitc  tide.  It  is  90  miles  from 
Boflon,  and  contains  700  inhabitants. 

Gilkri,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  W. 
Florida,  is  divided  from  Dauphin  iflnnd 
by  a  narrpw  channel,  throiyjh  which  a 
boat  may  pafs  with  fome  difficulty  ;  and 
between  Giliori  and  the  main  land,  aa 
the  W  fide  of  Mobilt:  bay,  there  is  a  chain 
of  fmall  iflands,  and  oyftcr  fliells,  through 
which  is  a  pafl*age  of  4  feet  called  PafTe 
au  Heron, 

Gilmaiitoivn,  a  port  town  in  StrafFord  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  S  W  of  lake  Winnipifco- 
gee,  and  51  miles  N  W  of  Portfmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1727,  and  contains 
3752  inhabitants.  One  term  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  is  annually  held  in  this 
town. 

Gilfoii,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  containing  484  inhabitants 
It  is  on  the  |^  fide  of  Alliuelot  ft.  and 
joins  Keene  on  the  S. 

Ginrrer  JJIaitd,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
ifles,  litiiated  Victween  the  Round  Rock  on 
the  N,  and  Cooper's  ifle  on  the  S,  betvirecn 
^vhich  is  the  King's  channel.  N  lat.  i8  5, 
W  Ion.  62  53. 

Ghty's  Tutvn,  an  Indian  village  in  the 
N.  W.  territory,  near  the  head  of  the 
irivigable  water  or  landing  on  St.  Mary's 
R.  wlurc  the  Indians  ceded  at  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  a  traiil  of  a  miles  fquare  to 
the  U.  States. 

GA:i/t  JioaJ,  at  Bonncts's  tavern,  4  miles 
from  Bedford,  on  the  road  from  Phila- 
dtlphia  to  Pittfbutgh  Forks;  the  fouth- 
ernniott  is  caikd  the  Glade  Road  ;  the 
northernmoft  the  Old,  or  Forbes's  Road, 
and  goes  by  Ligonier.  Thcfe  roads  unite 
a8  miles  from  Piitlburgh.  In  ttic  Glades, 
A  tradl  of  country  at  the  entrance  of  the 
All*ghany  mountains,  they  cannot  raife 
corn,  as  the  earth  ia  fubjeift  to  fro(t  from 
Si-pt.  to  June. 
Qia^y  iiicd,  a  finall  {\ream  trhich  flows  i 


thrffliigh  tlie  E  bank  of  Little  Miami  R, 
in  the  N.  W.  territory. 

Glaizr,  An,  a  S  S  W  brand)  of  the  Mi- 
ami of  the  Lake,  which  interlocks  with 
St.  Mary's  R.  By  the  treaty  at  Green- 
ville, the  Indians  have  cidcd  to  the  U. 
States  a.  tfatH:  of  land  6  miles  I'quare  nt 
the  head  of  its  navigable  waters,  and  6 
miles  fquare  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Miami,  where  Fort  Dr^ancc  now  ftandM. 

Gtiifgoiv,  a  new  county  in  Newbern  dif- 
tricl,  N.  Carolina,  taken  from  Bobbs'  co. 
It  is  bounded  N  by  Edgcomb,  S  by  Le- 
noir, E  by  Pitt,  and  W  by  Wayne. 

Gliifshorougb,  a  village  of  N.  Jerfey,  20 
miles  S  E  from  Philadelphia,  containing 
about  20  houfes,  an  Epifcopal  church,  and 
a  glafs  manufaiSlory,  in  which  from  50  tQ 
100  people  are  employed. 

Gliijlunbury,  a  townfliip  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vermont,  having  only  48  inhabitants^ 
It  \\ai  good  intervale  lands,  and  lies  N  £ 
of  Bennington,  adjoining. 

G/aJloniurv,  a  handfome  little  town  in 
Hartford  co.  ConneAicut,  fituated  01^ 
the  E  fide  of  ConncAicut  R.  oppofite  to 
Wcathersiield,  and  of  which  it  formed  a 
part  until  1699.  It  has  2718  inhabitants. 
In  the  townfliip  are  2  meeting  houfcs ;  and 
on  Roaring  Brook  and  other  fmall  dreams 
are  17  mills  pf  difTerent  kinds  and  i  forge. 

Glcngary  Co.  in  \J.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  line  w}iich  divides  Upper 
from  Lower  Canada ;  on  the  S  by  the 
liver  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  W  by  the 
tov/nfliip  of  purnwall.  running  N  24°  W, 
until  it  interfetSls  the  Qttawa  or  Grand 
R.  thence  defcending  the  faid  river  until 
it  meets  the  divifional  line  aforefaid. 
Glengary  county  comprehends  all  the 
iilands  contiguous  to  it  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  The  greater  part  pf  it  fronts 
%he  St.  Lawrence. 

Gloiicefer  Houfe,  belonging  to  the  Hud- 
fpn's  bky  company,  is  fltuated  in  New 
South  Wales,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  waters 
which  form  a  communication  through  a 
chain  of  fmall  lakes,  between  Winnipeg 
lake  and  Albany  R.  Henley  Houfe  lies 
N  E  of  this,  nearer  the  mouth  of  Albany 
R.  in  James'  bay,    N  lat. 54,  W  Ion.  87  30. 

Gkucejlir,  or  Cape  Ann,  a  to>vnfliip  in 
Eflex  CO.  Maflachufstts,  whofe  E  point 
forms  the  N  fide  of  the  bay  of  Maflachu- 
fctts.  It  contains  5313  inhabitants,  and 
is  divided  into  5  pariflies,  and  has  befide  a 
fociety  of  Univerfalifts.  This  is  a  port 
town  and  port  of  entry.  The  harbour  is 
very  open  and  accefFible  to  large  fliips  ; 
and  i»  one  of  the  muft  coullderable  iifliing 


*own«  in  tii 
^arbour,  pro 
annually  froi 
.S(juani  and  Si 
the  bay  fiflu 
fpirit,  and  t 
ports  for  one 
amounted  in 
Thatcher's  1(1 
of  equal  hpip 
of  the  townfli 
the  continent 
very  rarely 
There  is  a  vc 
for  making  gl 
ed  by  a  bati 
1795'  It  is  : 
and  34  N  E  t 

Gloucefier,  tl: 
and  the  large 
Ifland,  being  1 
lingly  and  Tin 
Douglefs  and 
N,  Smithfield 
Rhode  Kland, 
habitants. 

Gloacijier  Co 
by  Burlington 
laud,  and  Ca] 
Atlantic  ocean 
Its  length  on  1 
miles,  and  on 
miles.    Great 
crs  are  both 
tons  about  2C 
See  E^  Harb^ 
into  DelawarJ 
fmall  veflels, 
inouths,  and 
rings,  and  pe 
are  Red  BankJ 
jflands.    The] 
the  hiflory  of  I 
defperate  def] 
made,  to  prej 
pafling  up  tcJ 
this    county  I 
loam,  and  the| 
aware  is  in 
The  chief  prol 
hay,  corn,  lun 
is  divided  int, 
bury,   Wateri 
Townfliip, 
Greenwich,  \\ 
Galloway, 
ware,  and  til 
Mulicus  rivcl 
Burlington,  a[ 
yeiTeli;  of  ^ol 


GLO 

towns  in  tlic  commonwealth.  At  the 
^arboiir,  properly  lb  called,  arc  iiltetl  out 
annually  Iruni  60  to  70  bankers ;  and  from 
Squani  and  Sandy  bay,  two  tmall  out  ports, 
the  bay  fiHicry  is  carried  on  witli  great 
fpirit,  and  to  a  large  amount.  'I'lie  ex- 
ports  for  one  ye.ir,  ending  Sept.  30,  1794, 
amounted  in  value  to  229,613  dollars. 
Thatcher's  illand,  on  which  are  two  lights 
of  equal  height,  |ics  cloi'c  to  the  8  K  liJe 
of  the  towniliip,  which  is  itl'tlf  joined  to 
the  continent  by  a  beaei^  of  fauil  which  is 
very  rarely  overflowed  by  the  water. 
There  is  a  very  fine  white  fand  here,  lit 
for  making  glafs,  'i'lic  harbour  h  liel'end- 
ed  by  a  battery  and  citadel  erected  in 
1795.  It  is  16  milcH  N  £  by  E  of  iSalem, 
and  34  N  £  of  Boflon. 

Glouce/ier,  the  N  weftcmmoft  townfliip, 
and  the  largeft  in  Providence  co.  Kluule 
Ifland,  being  ii-^  miles  fquare,  having  Kil- 
IJngly  and  Tliomplbn,  in  Connedicut,  W, 
Douglefs  and  Uxbridge  in  Maflachuletts, 
N,  Smithfield  £,  and  Scituate  and  FoRer, 
Rhode  I  (land,  S ;  and  contains  4009  in- 
liabitants. 

Gloacfjier  Co.  in  N.  Terfey,  is  bounded  N 
by  Burlington  co.  S  by  Salem,  Cumber- 
land, and  Capp  May  counties,  £  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  and  W"  by  Delaware  R, 
Its  length  on  the  Delaware  Is  about  3Q 
miles,  and  on  the  fea  the  line  is  about  %% 
miles.  Great  and  little  Egg  harbour  riv- 
ers are  both  navigable  for  veflels  of  200 
tons  about  20  miles  from  their  youths. 
See  Ee^  Harbour.  The  ftreams  which  fall 
into  Delaware  river  are  navigable  fof 
fniall  veflels,  a  fe^v  miles  up  from  their 
piouths,  and  afford  fome  fliad,  rock,  her- 
rings, and  perch.  The  adjacent  iflantls 
are  Red  Bank,  Pett,  and  Old  Man's  Creek 
iflands.  The  firft  of  which  is  famous  in 
the  hidory  of  the  American  war,  lor  the 
defperate  defence  the  garrifon  upon  it 
made,  to  prevent  the  Britifli  fleet  from 
paflTmg  up  to  Philadelphia.  The  foil  of 
this  coutity  is  a  mixture  of  fand  and 
loam,  and  the  tradt  bordering  (m  the  Del- 
aware is  in  a  high  fiate  of  cultivation. 
The  chief  produ«fVions  are  beef,  pork,  lifli, 
hay,  corn,  lumber,  butter,  cheele,  &c.  It 
is  divided  into  10  townfliips,  viz.  Wood- 
bury, Waterford,  Newtown,  Gloucefier 
Townfliip,  Gloucefter  Town,  Deptford, 
Greenwich,  Woolwich,  Egg  Harbour,  and 
Galloway.  The  firft  8  lie  along  the  Dela- 
ware, and  the  other  two  on  the  ocean. 
Mulicus  river  divides  this  county  from 
Burlington,  and  is  navigable  ao  miles  for 
yelTeli  of  Oo  toos.    Mtturicc  river  rile* 


GNA 

l-.crc,nins  foutherly  about  40nu1es  through 
Cumberland  co.  into  iJelaware  hay,  is  nav^ 
ig-ible  for  veflels  ot  100  tons  15  miles,  ant} 
for  Ihallops  10  miles  farther.  It  contain* 
16,115  inhabitants,  of  whom  (>i  aie  flavts. 
There  arc  found  ii)  this  county  quantitit* 
of  bog  iron  ore,  which  is  nuinutnChired 
into  pig  and  bar  iron,  and  hullow  ware. 
Here  is  alio  a  glal's  hoiife.  Cliiff  town, 
Woodbury,  9  miles  S  of  Philadelphia. 

(.Uriiicijli-i-,  a  i'niall  town  in  the  above 
county,  on  the  £  fule  of  Dclaw:ire  river, 
3  inile-i  below  Philadelphia.  It  was  for- 
merly the  county  town,  but  has  now 
fcarcely  the  iippearauce  of  a  village. 

OVoi«.vy/, / , a  port  town  in  Virginia,  in  the 
county  of  its  own  namp,  on  a  \ioint  of  lar.d 
on  the  N  lide  of  York  river,  partly  oppo- 
lite  York  Town,  17  miles  diilant. 

Gloucejler  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated,  boundj^d  N  by  Piaiikitaiik 
river,  which  feparalcs  it  from  Middlciex, 
£  by  Mathews  co.  and  Chelapcak  bay,  N 
W  by  King  and  Queen,  S  and  S  W  bj? 
Y'ofk  river,  >vhich  divide*  it  from  York 
CO.  It  is  about  SS  miles  in  length,  and  30 
in  breadth,  and  contains  3272  tree  inhab- 
itant»r  and  4909  Haves.  Ihc  low  lands 
here  produce  excellent  barley,  and  Indian 
corn,  the  ftaple  produce  of  the'cOunty. 
'^'obacco  is  little  attended  to. 

Gloucefter  Houfi:,  ia  the  territory  of  the 
Hudfon  s  bay  company,  is  on  the  N  fide 
of  Miifquacobafion  lake,  120  miles  W  of 
Ofnaburgh  houic.    M  lat.  51  24,  W  Ion. 

8659. 

Ghucejler  Fort,  or  Point  aux  Pint,  in  U. 
Canada,  the  firft  point  on  the  N  fliorc  of 
the  narrows,  leading  from  lake  Superior 
to  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 

Gkuctjlcr  Toivnjhip,  in  the  county  of 
Dundas,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  7th  townfliip 
in  afcending  the  Ottawa  river.  It  lies 
eaftward  of,  apd  adjoining  the  river  I^on- 
deaji.  Smyth. 

Glover,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  in  Or- 
leans CO.  N  £  of  Craftfborough,  adjoining. 
It  has  36  inhabitants. 

Glynn  Co.  in  the  lower  diftridt  of  Geor- 
gia, bounded  E  by  the  ocean,  N  by  Alata- 
maha  river,  which  feparates  it  from  lib- 
erty CO.  and  S  by  Camden  co.  It  contain* 
1374  inhabitants,  including  1092  ll^ir^, 
Chief  town,  Bruniwick. 

GnadinhueUen,  or  Gnatfenltitirn,  a  fettle- 
ment  of  the  Moravians,  or  United  Breth- 
ren, on  Mufkingum  R.  oppofite  to  Salem, 
in  the  lands  which  belonged  to  the  Ma- 
hikan  Indians.  In  1 746  it  was  a  pleafant 
town,    inhabited  by    Cliriftiao    Indiana, 

>vher* 


I 


IP  *l 


!5 


Got. 

■wlicre  were  :i  cliapcl,  iiiifl*ionaiy's  I'oufc, 
:uul  many  In»lian  hoiilcs.  'I'liis,  tcjjotlicr 
witli  Scliofiibrftn  and  .Salctn,  were  rtlVrv- 
cii  l»v  C'lmgrcCs,  by  .'in  ordin;iii(?L',MHy  JO, 
J7S.?,  tor  the  Cbriftiiiii  Indians  fonnpily 
IVrtkd  there  ;  Sept.  3,  i7S8,it  was  rcfi'lv- 
*d  that  the  plat  ol  cacli  town  flioulJ  make 
lip  i)000  acres,  and  the  j^raiit  w  is  made  to 
the  United  lliethrcn  for  propa^atin;;  the 
j^olpcl  am(ni|i  the  hcillicn.  Alio  flu'  r.aiut; 
vi  a  Moravian  i'cttlcnicnt  on  'he  S  W  Iv.nlc 
of  1-chigli  river,  in  l'«'nn(ylvania,  alicut 
2y  miles  N  W  ol'  BKhlrhem. 

Gniuli-nhuiitcn,  Xcir,  a  Moravian  fctt!c- 
nient  on  Huron  river,  which  rini!*  iS  t^fl- 
erly  into  lake  tit.  Clair,  in  the  i-onntr  of 
Wayne  It  is  ahoiit  22  rnies  from  lake 
St.  Clair,  and  :^  N  W  ot  Detroit. 

Gnnt  IJtainf,  in  the  ftate  of  R.  Ifland,  a 
fmall  illot,  oppolitc  to  tht:  towp  of  New- 
port, and  on  which  is  l-'ort  Walliington. 
The  fort  h:is  bcei»  lately  rspaired,  and  a 
4Mtadel  erected  hi  it.  The  fort  has  been 
ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Goavc,  Le  Petit,  one  of  the  W  jurifdic- 
tuins  of  8t  Domingo.  It  contains  5  pat- 
iflies,  is  the  unhealthieft  part  of  the  colony, 
the  inhabitants  being  i'ubjetS.  to  cOtlTli-int 
fcvcrj,  pccafjoned  by  the  badnefs  of  the 
waters.  Its  dependencies,  however,  are 
healtiiy,  and  remarkable  for  the  cnltiirc 
rf  coffee.  Exports  from  Jan.  I,  I'Sj,  to 
Dec.  31  of  the  lame  year,  27,090  lbs.  white 
fugar  ;  655,187  lbs.  bn,"r.  n;  807,865  lbs. 
coffee  ;  50,053  lbs.  cotton  ;  and  210  lbs. 
jftdigo.  The  town  of  the  fame  name  is  fit- 
vatcd  on  the  narrowcfl  part  of  tJie  S  weft- 
em  peninfula,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  neck. 

Gotlans,  Point  au,  a  promontory  on  the 
N  fide  of  lake  Ontario,  about  33  miles  S 
W  of  Fort  Frontinac. 

Goffsto-u'H,  in  Hillfbormigh  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fliiro,  on  the  wertern  bank  of  Merrimack 
R.«<;  miles  from  Amuflceag  Falls,  and  60 
miles  W  of  Portfmontji.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1761,  and  contains  1612  inhabit- 
ants. Some  pieces  of  baked  earthen  ware 
have  been  found  in  this  townfliip,  from 
which  it  is  I'uppofed  that  the  Indiiuis  had 
learned  the  potter's  art ;  but  of  what  an- 
tiqnitv  thcfe  remnants  are,  is  uncertain. 

GoMtH  IJi.inil,  lie.i  at  the  mouth  of  the 
"riwr  or  gulf  of  Daricn,  in  the  province  of 
'Terra  Firnia,  in  S.  America.  N  lat.  9,  W 
Ion.  77  10. 

G.-!J  Riv.-r,  fitnated  in  Terra  Firma,  on 
the  irthmus  of  Daricn,  fouthward  of  the 
river  Santa  Maria ;  affording  much  gold 
•«uft,  from  whence  it  has  its  name. 
■'   <Ui>'-ifecrtt!gh,  a  pcfh  town  in  Hancock  co. 


GOO 

Maine,  C0Ti(aini:i;;  379  inli;i1'itinf«.  It 
was  incorpor.'itcd  in  i;!-l9,is  thc.'ieallcrn- 
niofl  town  in  the  CO.  (hi  the  waters  of 
its  harbour  is  the  town  of  Wafliinj^on. 
It  is  47  miles  eallcrly  of  Fennhfcof,  liH  .S 
I:  of  i'onland,  and  330  N  E  of  Dofton.  N 
lat.  44  19- 

Gi'liifcits,  Brunfwick  co.  Virginia.  Here 
is  a  pofl  office,  207  mile*  t'roiii  V\^■^flling^on. 
G(il/''jii<;to/i,  the  chief  town  of  Walliiu;^- 
ton  I'o.  (it'orgia,  is  fitoatid  near  the  lusd 
of  <)g"echee  R.  about  26  miles  E  S  K  of 
Oc.'ontp  town,  ^7  ^  W  of  Au^fiifla,  and 
50  N  W  of  I.onilville. 

Gwnvr,  an  illand  in  the  bay  of  I.cogaiic, 
in  the  weftcrn  part  of  the  ifland  of  .St.  To- 
niinj^.  It  is  14}  leagues  loixg,  and  uni- 
formly about  3  broad,  except  a  very 
fmall  part  at  each  extremity.  Pttiie  Co- 
nave,  an  ifle  about  2  miles  each  way,  it 
fcparatcd  from  the  S  i'.  corner  of  the  for- 
Mier,  by  a  channel  3  miles  wide.  Gonave 
is  13*  leagues  W  by  N  W  of  Port  aa 
Prince  ;  and  its  W  point  is  33-^  leagues  E 
by  N  of  Cape  Dame  Marie. 

Gonnives,  a  feaport  jn  the  fame  illand, 
at  the  head  of  a  hay  of  its  own  name,  <in 
the  north  fide  of  a  bay  of  Lcogane.  'Jhe 
town  is  fitnated  on  the  great  road  from 
Port  de  Paix  to  St.  Mark,  16  leagues  S  I-: 
of  the  former,and  15  N  by  E  of  the  latter. 
N  lat.  19  27,  W  Jpn.  from  Paris  75  i  30. 

Gtocb/aiiJ>a.co'\n  Virginia,funoundedby 
I.ouifa,  Fluvanna,  Henrico,  Hanover,  and 
Powhatan  counties.  It  is  about  40  miles 
long  and  14  broad,  and  contains  4893  free 
Inhabitants,  and  4803  flaves.  At  the  court 
houfc  is  a  poft  ofBce,  142  miles  from 
Wallilngton. 

Gcod  Htfr,  a  Danifli  colony  in  \V. 
Greenland,  in  Nlat.  64. 

Goofe  Creei,  a  river  which  falls  into  the 
Potowmac,  about  a  mile  S  E  of  Thorpe,  in 
Fairfax  co.  Virginia. 

Gotfeheny  MaimtaiM,  in  N.  York,  lies  on 
the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's  R.  about  4  mile* 
S  of  Fort  George. 

Gvofeberry  JJl,uids  and  Rficks,  on  the  coaft 
of  Eflex  CO.  Maflachufetts,  have  been  the 
occalion  of  the  lofs  of  many  vahuiblc  vef- 
fels.  To  prevent  fuch  accidents  in  future, 
fcamen  may  attend  to  the  following  par- 
ticular information,  which  is  here  inlert- 
cd  for  their  benefit.  The  N  part  of 
Goofeberry  great  rock  with  the  N  of  Cat  I. 
bears  S  54  W  from  the  beacon  on  Baker's 
I.  'I'hc  weftcrn  Goofeberry  S  41  W,  the 
diftaiice  nearly  three  fourths  of  «.  mile. 
■J'he  northern  part  of  the  wtftcrn'  Goofe- 
berry is  Ticv.'cd  from  the  beacon  over  the 

point; 


point  tf  land  run 
eifternOool'eberr 
fiioal  as  far  aa  the 
c  illern  brc.iker  11 
ern  breaker  S  29  1 
is  about  thefame  d 
as  the  woftern  C 
Ooofebcr-y  falls  \ 
tan  appears  S  3 
S  3  W,  at  the  dift: 
ncrpartofC.it  1.  i 
beacon,  and  with 
ward  the  GDofche 
minutes.  The  w 
tends  from  2H  to  ; 
ji  to  31.  H:ila 
con  from  Cat  I.  i 

G-jre  rjliruf,  dxlci 

his  lad  voyage. 

Gvp-ontti.',  a  re; 
the  N  rtiore  of  la' 
da,  lying  at  a  fm; 
Vy  of  the  point  wl 
bay,  to  the  fouttr 
rock  is  liolbw,  w 

Cnrta  Rf  Mm 
Pacific  OrcaiiN 

G'^r^w  7,  iv  fnfil 
W  of  the  coaft  ol 

Gorh.:  n,  a  poft 
Maine,  on  the  N 
mi  Ins  from  Pepp( 
of  the  river,  and 
ton.  It  w.-is  in 
has  2503  inlia'rtit 

Gijfth^ijc.'oiieiicl'^ 

confifting   of   , 
banks   of  ti.e 
#ij  hdbh  .Uon  of 
thefc  birds  that 

G<i%jxdd  To-amfi 
is  fitnated  upon 
Morfea. 

Go/her,  a  tow 
Ma(rachufcttg,b 
Con»vay,  14  tTi'l 
and  iii  Wby  ^ 
porated  in  178: 
itant.s. 

Gajh.'n,  a  tow 
part  in  Addifon 
CO.  adjoining  to ! 
miles  N  E  by  E 

Gi/ben,  a  U)WI 
fylvania,  has  96 

Gnfuen,  atowi 
Befticut,  faraou 
eellent  cheef 
Litchfield,  &nd. 


60? 


GRA 


pint  tf  land  running  out  from  it.  The 
tiftern  (Jourcberry  l>ears  S  l6  W,  and  It  is 
fliual  as  far  as  the  wcRern  breaker.  TIic 
t  litem  brc  i!ccr  lies  S  35  i',  and  the  wc(l< 
ern  breaker  S  29  E.  The  eaftcrn  breaker 
is  about  thefame  <li(lance  from  the  beacon, 
as  the  woftern  Ouofeberry,  but  caftern 
Guofebcr-y  falls  within  thatdidmcc.  Sa^ 
tan  appears  S  34  W,  and  hilfway  rock 
S .-5  W, at  the  diftancc  of  i{  miles  Ihc in- 
ner part  ofC.it  I.  is  above  I  miles  froui  tiic 
beacon,  and  with  the  beacon,  to  tl>e  fouth- 
ward  the  Goofeberiy  rock  beiirs  only  iz 
minutes.  'I'he  wcftcrn  dry  breaker  ex- 
tends from  2^  to  33;  and  tl»e  caitern  from 
51  to  31.  Hali'wuy  rock  with  the  bea- 
con from' Cat  I.  is  65   to  the  fuutliward. 

G'jy  fjl.inif,  difcovered  !»y  Capt.  Cook,  in 
his  latt  voyage.     N  lat.  64,  W  Ion.  1 69. 

Gn-yontti.f,  a  rci.iark.'.blv  high  rock,  on 
the  N  iliore  of  lake  kSuperinr,  in  17.  Cana- 
da, lying  at  a  fmall  diftance,  and  fouther- 
Yf  of  tlie  point  v/hich  forms  Michipicoten 
bay,  to  the  fouthward  and  e'lllward,  the 
rock  is  I'.ollow,  with'  an  opening  into  it. 

Gortii  .?,'  Maria  la,  a  fmall  iftand  in  the 
Pacific  Of^eauN  lat.  a6  35,  W  Ion.  135. 

(7'»-!;'»''7, 'A  fm'ill  illand  about  I4  miles 
W  of  the  coaft  of  Peru,  S  lat.  3  20. 

Gorb.: »,  a  poil  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  F.  Tide  of  Saco  river,  rj 
miles  from  Pepperelborougli  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  and  130  miles  N  by  E  of  Eof- 
ton.  It  wn?  ii>ct)r|>orated  in  1764,  and 
has  2503  inhabitants. 

Gufr.h^tfdjiinicl',  a  town  of  thcDelawares, 
eonfiiling  of  3  villages  lituaicd  on  the 
banks  rf  tiie  Oliio.  Its  name  fignities 
the  Libit  .:ion  of  crrls,  from  the  number  of 
»hefe  birds  that  refort  h'-re. 

GoifiM  To-umjbip,  in  EiTex  co.  U.  Canada, 
is  fituated  upon  l.ake  Eric,  and  lies  W  of 
Morfea. 

Gajhcn,  a  town'Tiip'  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maltachufctts,  between  Cummington  and 
Con'vay,  14  miles  north  of  Northampton, 
and  1 1 2  W  by  N  oi  Bofton.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1 7  8 1 ,  and  contains  7  24  inhab- 
itants. 

Gafi.'n,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  lying 
part  in  Addifon  co.  and  part  in  Caledonia 
CO.  adjoining  to  Salilbiiry  on  the  W,  and  21 
miles  N  E  by  E  of  Mount  Independence. 
Gofhtn,  a  townftiipin  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  has  966  iniiabitaoXs. 

Gojhen,  atown  in  Litchflcld  co.  Con- 
■edlicut,  famous  for  the  produvflion  of  ex- 
cellent chsefe.  It  is  7  miles  N  W  of 
Litchfield,  and.  hat  1493  inhabitants. 


Cfjh-n,  the  mod  confiderable  tdwrri«( 
Orange  co.  N.  York,  about  58  miles  N  o£ 
N.  York  city,  ao  W  by  3  of  New  Wludfor, 
and  30  W  by  S  of  FiHi  Kill.  This  town 
is  pleafantly  licuated,  containing  about  Co 
or  70  conipaill  houles,  an  academy,  court 
houfe,  gaul,  and  Prefbyterian  church. 
The  townfliip  contains  2563  iuhabitautt. 
Here  is  a  pod  oflice. 

Gojhtii,  in  l.oudon  co.  Virginia,  where  Is 
a  pnfl  ollk'v'i  37  miles  froin  U'iill.iiigton. 

Ci fjii,  a  town  in  Kenucbeck  co.  Alaiu* 
hrts  270  inhubitanti. 

ajh/Jhuik,  a  Moravi.an  fottlcmcnt  in 
Pennl'ylvania,  (ituated  on  Alltghany  river, 
about  i^  miiej  abO'»'e  Ve:i.7'!igo,  or  Fort 
I'ranldiu. 

Gofimt,  formerly  railed  A^plchrf,  a 
fiilitu^lown  on  .Star  Itlaml.one  uftlic  illea 
of  .Shoal >,  belongini'  to  l<.(>ckiii.;Iiam  o. 
N.  HampHMrt, containing  8j  iiii».il)ltant.<. 
It  lies  about  12  miles  £  S  E  ol  Pilcataqua 
h.trbour.     .See  HhoaU. 

Gotham,  a  fmnll  vill:ig<;  in  Marvland, 
about  4  or  5  miles  north  of  li.iltimorc  city. 

Gov.tndire,  a  li:'.y  on  the  coatl  of  Chili. 

Gozv.'n't  Star.',  Ill  Greenville  co.  N.  C'.'ir- 
oliua,  where  is  a  poll  ollite  536  niilc^ 
from  Walliington. 

G/tv.'r  Ta'.vnfiif),  lies  on  the  W.  (ide  ^^i 
the  river  l<adeau  in  U.  l-'anada,  and  is  the 
fecond  towaihip  ia  al'cendiog  that  rive.". 

Smyth. 

Gracias  a  Do't,  a  towli  belonging  to  the 
province  of  Honduras,  or  Comaiagua,  and 
audience  of  Guatimala.  It  is  fiti  ated  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  upon  a  rocky  moun- 
tain, which  has  I'ome  gold  mines  in  i;s' 
neighbourhood'.  It  was  built  the  fame 
year  as  was  Vallidolid,  the  capital,  (froiu 
whick  it  lies  about  27  leagues  to  tiie  VV) 
for  the  fecurity  of  the  miners.  Alfo  a 
cape  on  this  coad  difcovered  by  Column 
bus,  Nlat.  14  36,  W  Ion.  84  12. 

Grafton,  a  town  in  Windham  co.  Ver- 
mont, chartered  by  the  name  of  Tomlinfe/i, 
the  alteration  of  ihe  n.ame  made  in  1791. 
It  contains  1149  inhal)ilants,  and  lies  W 
of  Rockingham,  adjoining. 

Grafton  Co.  in  N.  Hampihire,  is  bound- 
ed N  by  Can.ida  ;  S  by  the  counties  of 
Strafford,  HilUborough  and  Chclhire  ;  W 
by  the  ftate  of  Vermont,  and  E  by  the  dii- 
triifl  of  Maine.  It  comprehends  nearly 
as  much  territory  as  all  the  other  foui* 
counties,  but  is  by  no  means  fo  iliickly 
fciitled.  It  is  divided  into  50  town(hipii» 
and  17  locations,  and  contains  23,093  in- 
habitants. 

Crjftvitj  a.  poll  towii  in  the  ca.  of  its 

name 


m 


I.J  »i 


GkA 


CRA 


iame  In  N.  Mampfljirc,  13  miles  8  F.  i)f 
Dartmoiitl)  college,  and  ly  S  W  of  I'ly- 
tnoiith.  It  w:i!i  incori>orated  in  1778,  and 
Coiitain'i  681  inliabitantit.  Lapis fpt'culor'u, 
commonly  culled  iling  glalli,  of  the  bcft 
Quality,  is  found  in  thiit  town,  in  a  moun- 
tain about  20  miles  eadwardof  Dartmouth 
college.  It  ill  found  adiuring  to  the  rcclcR 
of  white  or  yellow  (juartz,  and  Iving  in 
laminx,  like  flieets  of  paper.  It  is  found 
in  other  placcD  in  the  llattf  in  I'mallcr 
pieces. 

Grafton,  the  Haffananiifco  of  the  Indians, 
n  towndiip  ia  Worccftcr  co.  Malliichu- 
I'etts,  containint'  98?  inhabitants  ;  40 
miles  S  W  of  Bofkon,  8  calkriy  of  V\'orcel- 
ter,  and  34  N  W  of  Providence. 

GVa/V/q-ir,  Fort,  Aands  on  tlie  N  fide  of 
the  moutli  of  Holllon  river,  in  'rcnellee, 
ai  miles  below  Knoxville. 

Cniingfr,  a  CO.  in  the  diftriift  of  Hamil- 
ton, Tenc  [Tee,  formed  of  parts  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Knox,  JefTcrfon  and  Hawkins.  It 
IS  bounded  N  by  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 
(ts  principal  waters  aic  }I<>l(\on,  Clints, 
and  Powells  rivers.  Chief  town  Rntledge. 
It  has  feveral  huge  nnmntains,  between 
which  the  vallevs  are  very  fertile.  It 
Contains  7367  inliabitants,  of  w!»om  496 
are  flaves. 

Gniifu,  L'Ance  Ij,  a  fcttrcment  iri  Lou- 
iftan-a. 

OrufictJa,  or  (jrenada,  the  moft  foutherly 
^  the  Caribbee  lOands  in  the  W  Indies, 
fitnat^d  between  11  58  and  12  20  N  lat. 
and  between  6i  ao  and  61  35  W  Ion. 
about  20  leagues  N  W  of  Tobago,  and  ao 
N  of  New  Andalufia,  on  the  continent  of 
America  ;  30  leagues  S  W  uf  Barbadocs, 
and  70  from  Martinico.  Its  extreme 
length  is  about  28  miles,  and  its  breadth 
13  miles.  It  contains  about  80,000  acres 
inf  fand ;  of  which  (although  no  lefs  than 
72,141  acres  paid  taxes  in  1776, yet)  the 
qliantity  under  cultivation  never  exceed- 
ed 50,000  acres.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try is  mountainous,  hut  not  inaccefTible  in 
any  part ;  and  it  abounds  with  fprings 
and  nvulets.  The  exports  of  the  ifland 
sndits  dependencies  in  1776,  were  valued 
at  the  ports  of  fltipping,  to  be  worth 
600,000/.  (lerling.  The  fugar  was  the 
produce  of  106  plantations ;  and  they 
were  worked  by  18,293  negroes ;  which 
was  more  than  a  hogfliead  of  Mui'covado 
fugar  of  i6cwt.from  the  labour  of  each 
ntgro,  old  and  youiig,  employed  in  its  cul- 
tivation and  manufa«5liire  ;  a  return  une- 
ffualled  by  any  other  Britidi  ifland  in  the 
W,  ladies,  St.    Chr>{luphei'«    excepted. 


The  exports  of  1787  were  inferior  ;  iy 
the  prices  in  London,  the  value  <,f  the 
cargoes  was,  however,  ;C.6i4,9o8  9  3  and 
conlifted  of  the  following  articles  fliippcd 
oir  in  i88  vellcls,  viz.  I75,548cwt.  9lbj. 
fugar  ;  670,390  galls,  of  rum  ;  4300galln. 
nu)laires  :   88i3cwt.    2qrs,   4lbs.  coftce  ; 
27i6cwt.   3iir8.    iSlbs.  cocoa;  2,062,427 
lbs.  cotton  ;  2810II1S.  indigo  ;  btljde  liidts, 
dying  woods,   &c.     The  exports   to   the 
American  States,  included  in  the  above 
aim,  amounted  to  ^'.24,597  4/-     'l'ln»  i'l- 
and    is   divided    into   lix    parilhci,     St. 
CJcoroe,  St.  David,  St.  Andrew,  St.  P.itritk, 
St.  Mark,  and  St.  John  ;  and  its  chief  de- 
pendency, Cariacou   ilhind  forms  a  7tlT 
parilh.     Delidc  St.  George's,  the  capit.1l, 
the  other   towns  are  inconfiderabie  vil- 
lages, generally   fituated  at  the  bays   or 
lluppiug  places   in   the  feveral  panllies. 
Betide  the  capital,  Grenville,.or  La  Bay,  is 
a  port  of  entry,  with  diftindl  revenue' of- 
ficers, independent  of  St.  George's.     '1  he 
white  population  has  decrcafed  conlider- 
ably  iiucc  Granada  and  the  Granadiues 
were  in  pofleflion  of  the  BritiHi.    In  1771 
there  were  above   i6oo ;  in  1777  only 
1300,  and  now  there  are  not  above  1000  ; 
of  which   number,  two   thirds    are   in- 
corporated into  five  regiments  of  militia, 
including  a  company  of  free  blacks  or 
mulattoes,  attached  to  each.     There  are 
likewife  about  500  regidar  trbops  on  the 
Britifli  elfabliflirtient.    The  free   people 
of  colour  amount  to  1 1  ij.     In  1 785  there 
were   23,926  negro   (laves.     The   above 
was   the   (late  of  the  illand  prior  to  the 
late  infurreiftion.     A  chain  of  mountains 
crofles  the  ifland  from-  N  to  S.    The  air  it 
good ;  and  the  foil  fruitful  in  all  produc- 
tions common  to  the  climate.    Several  uf 
the  rivers  have  their  fource  in  a  lake  of  a 
circular  form,  called  Grand  Etatig',  in  the 
higheft  ground  la  the  ifland.     The  high 
road  which  runs  nearly  the  whole  length 
of  the  ifland  it  very  near  it  ^  and  on  the 
oppofite  fide  of  the  road,  in  this  elevated 
fpot,  is  a  genteel  tavern,  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  travelfers.    Here  the  air  is  al- 
ways cooled  by   refrefliing  breezes  ;  and 
the  pfofpect  is.  delightful  and  extenfive. 
On  the  fea  coaft,  about  half  way  from  St. 
George's  to  Goavc,  fome-of  the  high  rock* 
are  formed  into  bafaltic  columns  from  20 
to  30  feet  high,  and  appe::r   like  reguhif 
mafon  work,  impaired  by  time.     Granada 
was  difcovered  by  Columbus  in  his  third 
voyage  in  1498      The   Caribbecs  were 
a  numerous  and  warhke  people,  who  hap- 
pilv  rcm-iinod  in  peaceful  obTcurity  until 

rUe 


cra 


CRA 


fki  y^r  i6jo ;  foon  after  which  t1i« 
Freoch.by  aferiet  of  enormities,  cxtcrmin* 
ated  that  devoted  people.  Granada 
wu  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  1763,  wat 
taken  by  the  French  during  the  Amer- 
ican war,  and  at  the  peace  uf  1783  wai 
reflorcd  to  Great  Britain. 

Granada,  a  town  of  Nicaragua  and  ail- 
dience  of  Guatim.ila,  in  S.  America.  It  i> 
fcated  70  milet  from  the  fea,  on  a  lake  of 
the  fame  naine«  by  means  of  which  the 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  great  trade.  John 
David,  a  Dutchman,  pillaged  this  town 
in  the  lafl  century  with  90  men,  when 
oppofed  by  at  leaft  800  inhabitants.  N 
lat.  uaB.Wlon.  87. 

Granada,  Naiu,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America.  It  contains  mines  of 
gold,  copper,  and  iron.  Santa  Fc  dc  fia- 
gota  is  the  capital. 

Granadilloet,  or  Grenadinet,  a  knot  of  dan- 
gerous illands,  and  rocks  near  the  lee- 
ward idands,  Where  the  greaied  channel 
is  but  3  or  4  leagues  broad.  They  lid 
about  the  i8th  degree  of  latitude,  and  are 
a  range  of  fmall  illands  and  rocks  depen- 
dent on  Granada.  This  archipelago, 
whofe  length  is  about  14  leagues,  contains 
23  idands  tit  to  produce  cotton,  co(Fcc,  in- 
digo, and  even  fugar.  The  air  is  healthy, 
but  there  are  no  running  fprings  of 
frefh  water.    The  mo(l  confiderabie  at 

I  the  N  end  of  the  chain  is  not  above  two 
leagues  from  St.  Vincent,  and  is  called  Bc- 

I  couya,  or  Bequia ;  but  the  French  called 
it  Little    Martinico.     Bciide   this,  there 

I  are  the  iflands  of  Mofkitos  and  Cannaou- 
an ;  Frigate  and  Union  illands  are  be- 
tween Becouya  and  Cariacou.    TJie  Gri- 

I  fon,  and  the  Diamond  on  Khcndc  Idands, 
are  the  two  principal  ones  among  thofc 

I  which  fill  up  the  interval  between  Caria- 

1  con  and  Granada. 

Granby,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  Ver- 

I  hont,  has  69  inhabitants. 

Granby,  a  townfliip  in   Hampllitre  co. 

I  Maflachufetts,  K  of  S.  Hadley,  altout  94 
miles  wefterly  of  Bofton  ;  was  incorporat- 

I  edin  1768,  and  contains  786  inhabitants. 
Granby,  a  townfliip    in  Hartford  co. 

I  Conne(fiicut,  on  the  line  which  feparates 
CunneAicut  from  Maflachufetts.  It  was 
formerly  a  part  of  Symfbury,  and  is  18 
miles  N  of  Hartford,  and  has  2735  inhab- 

I  itants. 

Gram'iy,  a  fmall  town  on  the  Congaree, 

jinS.  Carolina,  about  7,  miles  below  the 
junction  of  Broad  and  Saluda  rivers,  at 

jlhe  head  of   navigation.     It   is  a  place 

I  *(  confiderabie  commerce.    Here  a  curi  • 

I  Vol.  I.  A  a 


6ui  bridge  has  been  built,  wliofo  archei 
are  fupported  by  wooden  pillars,  ftrongly 
fecureduiiron  work^fixed  in  thcfolid  ruck. 
Its  height  is  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
water.  The  centre  arch  is  upwards  uf 
100  feet  in  the  clear,  to  give  a  paflagc  to 
large  trees  which  are  alw.-iys  brought 
down  by  the  floods.  The  ingenious  ar- 
cliiteift  nas  the  toll  fecurcd  to  tiini  by  tho 
legidature  for  100  years. 

GranJf,  a  river  in  Peru,  near  Cayanta  ; 
remarkable  fur  its  fands  eiirichc(l  with 
gold  dufl. 

Grand  Bay,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  New- 
foundland tdand,  19  leagues  N  £  of  N. 
Cape,  in  the  idand  of  Cape  Breton. 

Grande  Rivien,  a  fcttlement  in  a  hilly 
tradt  of  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo,  6£ 
leagues  S  W  of  Fort  Dauphin,  and  4^ 
leagues  N  by  £  of  St.  Raphael,  in  the 
Spanifli  part  of  the  idand,  N  lat.  19  34,  W 
Ion.  from  Paris  74  30.  Alfo  the  name  of 
a  fmall  river,  in  the  fame  idand,  whicU 
rifes  at  Limnnade,  and  empties  into  the 
fea  at  Qr.  Morin,  5  leagues  £  of  Cape 
Francois. 

Grande  Rivkre,  on  the  northern  fide  of 
Cluleur  Bay,  is  about  6  leagues  W  N  W 
of  Cape  Dcfpair.     Here  is  a  cod  fifliery. 

Grande  Scaux,  an  Indian  nation,  who  in- 
habit S  of  the  Mlfluuri,  and  can  funiifli 
8cx)  warriors. 

Grand  Fafbtrs,  feveral  large  detached 
mountains  in  the  S  £  coiner  of  Teuelfee, 
in  which  are  the  head  waters  of  French 
Broad,  and  Cataba  rivers 

Grand  JJle,  a  new  co.  in  Vermont,  in  tha 
N  W  corner  of  the  ftate,  incorporated 
Nov.  1 80Z,  embracing  the  towns  ot  North 
Middle  and  South  Hero,  Vineyard  (lato 
Ide  Motte)  and  Alburgh. 

Grand  JJles,  are  two  large  idands  in 
L?.ke  Champlain  ;  each  about  8  or  10 
miles  long ;  each  forms  a  townfliip  be- 
longing to  Vermont.  See  South  Hero  and 
North  Hero. 

Grand  JJland,  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  On- 
tario, is  within  the  Britifli  territories,  hav- 
ing Roebuck  and  Forefl  iflands  on  the  S 
W,  and  the  Thoufand  Ides  on  the  N  E. 
It  is  J.O  miles  in  length,  and  its  greatcft 
breadth  is  4  miles. 

Grand  IJland,  in  I^ake  Superior,  lies  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  lake. 

Grand  IJland,  in  Niagara  river,  is  about 
6  miles  long  and  .^  liiroad.  The  S  end  is  4 
miles  N  ol  Fort  Erie ;  .ind  its  northeri;! 
extremity,  7,  miles  S  of  Fort  Slufliec,  and 
nearly  14  S  of  Niagara  fort. 

CiJ.idLaie,  in  the  province  of  N.Brunf- 

■vyick, 


■;,  * 


m 


CRA 


atLA 


ii 


m 


!ii; 


Ivlok,  n(Ar  the  river  St.  John's,  i»  fiiid  to 
be  .;o  miles  in  length,  8  or  lo  in  breadth, 
and  in  Ionic  places  40  fathoms  deep. 

(iriinJ  Munan  Ijljiiil,  lies  ft  miles  S  by  S 
E  of  C'anipu  liellu  Ifland,  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  opijolitc  to  I'airumaqiKKkly  Bay, 
on  the  eallcrn  border  of  the  United  States. 

llrtiml  M::rjh,  In  the  wclfern  diftrii5l,  lies 
in  the  rear  of  the  parillics  of  rAlloniption 
and  Petite  Cote  on  tlu"  Detroit,  in  U.  Can- 
ada, and  communicates  with  Lake  i^t. 
Clair,  op  pofite  to  I'e.irh  Ulan  I,  and  witli 
the  (Irait  oppoliie  to  1  i^hting  llland. 

CraiiJ,  or  O.fe  R.  runs  from  the  N  W 
into  Lake  Erie,  ao  miles  hclow  the  Forks, 
So  miles  .S  W  of  I'relijue  Hie.  'I'lic  mouth 
of  thi.,  river  is  a  good  harbour  for  vellels 
uf  60  tons,  'i'he  remains  of  the  Moliawk 
Indians,  with  Capt.  JolVph  Pirandt  at 
their  head,  live  on  this  river.  Ix-e  Moiv- 
bati'h  Vi'.Ligf 

GiiinJ,  or  Oitjtvj  P.  in  U.  Canada,  is 
that  channel  which  conveyit  the  waters  of 
lake'1'onjifcanning  till  they  make  a  junc- 
tion with  thofe  of  the  St.  Lawrence  a  little 
al)ijvc  Montreal.  This  river  is  tiie  north- 
ern boimdary  of  U.  Canada,  and  the  route 
which  is  taken  by  the  L.  Canada  traders 
to  the  N  W  ;  the  birch  canoes  which  go 
to  the  N  W  country,  pafs  up  this  river 
with  their  merchandife,  and  dcfcend  with 
peltries.  There  are  many  rapids  on  this 
communication.  Swytb. 

Grange,  Cape  La,  or  Cape  Moiite  Chrijl, 
on  the  N  lido  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
It  is  a  high  hill,  in  the  form  of  a  tent,  and 
may  be  feen  by  the  naked  eye  at  Cape 
FrangcMS,  from  which  it  is  14  leagues  E 
by  N.  A  ftrip  of  land  joins  it  to  the  ter- 
ritory of  M(mte  Chrifl ;  fo  that  at  a  dif- 
tance  it  fcems  to  be  an  ifland.  The 
cruifer.i  from  Jamaica  often  lie  o(F  here. 
This  cape  lies  fn  lat  19  54  .^o  N,  and  Ion. 
74  9  .5°  W  f'  )m  Paris  ;  and  with  Point 
de  Cunes  foi  ms  the  mouth  of  the  bay  of 
Monte  Chrlfl ;  which  fee. 

Grange  R.  in  U.  Canada,  empties  itfelf 
into  a  bay  of  that  name  on  the  N  fliore  of 
Like  Superior,  W  of  the  Cris.  This  river 
leads  to  Nipigon,  a  place  which  was  for- 
merly remarkable  for  furnifliing  the  beft 
beaver  and  martin,  and  was  the  fartheft 
advanced  pofl  of  the  French  traders,  at 
the  time  that  Great  Britain  conquered  Can- 
ada. Smyth. 

Grantham  Totvnjtip,  in  the  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Newark,  and 
fronting  lake  Ontaria 

Granville,  a  fine  townfliip  in  Annapolis 
CO.  M*Ta  Scotia.    It  li««  oa  the  M  fide  of 


Annapolis  river,  on  the  Bay  of  fim.l^ 
and  iit  .^o  miles  in  length  ;  iirA  fvttleil 
from  N.  KnglantL 

OV.im'/VA',  a  townihip  in  HampHnre  co. 
Man'aclnilctts,  about  14  miles  W  of 
.Springfield.  It  was  incorporated  iu  1754, 
and  contains  l.P'y  inliahitanis. 

ii'rj.tville,n  poll  town  in  VVan:in;»t(in 
CO.  N.  York,  containing  ,^175  inhabitants, 

(hanvillr  Co,  in  HilKboMUgh  diflrict  in 
N.  Carolina,  haa  the  (late  of  Vir^nnia  N, 
.nnd  contains  14,01.5  inhabitants,  of  whori 
6106  arc  (laves.  Chief  town,  WilliHinf- 
burg. 

Granvill,;  or  Greenville,  a  fl(nirifln"n2 
town  in  Kentucky,  Mcckliiiliiir^'h  co. 

Onifs  R.  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  York 
ftatc,  rife!)  near  the  main  branch  of  Bhirlc 
R.  and  TMm  N  N  W  about  50  miles,  then 
N  E  40  miles,  and  is  lo(l  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence. It  is  a  rapid  river,  alJbrds  nisny 
mill  feats,  and  near  the  mouth,  its  bai;ki 
produce  great   quantities  of  hay. 

Gmfi,  a  river  in  New  South  Wales. 

Grave  Creei,  on  the  Ohio,  i»  mild 
down  the  river  from  Wheeling.  Here  i< 
a  mound  of  earth,  plainly  the  work  of  art, 
called  an  Indian  grave.  It  is  of  a  conicnl 
form,  in  height  about  80  feet.  It  alccndi 
in  an  angle  of  about  80°.  The  diameter 
at  the  top  is  about  60  feet  ;  the  margin 
enclofing  a  regular  concave,  funk  about 
4  feet  in  the  centre.  Ne.nr  the  top  ftand* 
an  oak,  about  3  feet  in  diameter.  It  ii 
faid  the  Indians  have  no  tradition  what 
nation  ever  buried  their  dead  in  tliii 
manner.  On  examination,  thefe  mounds 
have  been  found  to  contain  a  chalky  Ciilv 
fiance,  fuppofcd  to  be  bones  of  the  human 
kind. 

Grave/aid,  Port  nf,  is  fltuated  On  the  3 
W  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  in  a  large 
bay.  It  has  two  channels ;  the  Lee- 
ward and  the  Main  Channel,  and  afTurdi 
good  anchorage  for  large  veiTels. 

Gravrfend,  a  fmall  village  in  King's  on. 
L.  Ifland,  N.  York,  7  miles  N  by  E  of  tiie 
city.  The  townfliip  of  its  name  contaiiii 
489  inhabitants. 

Gravoii,  Xlviere  au,  in  the  Miflafaj!! 
land,  on  the  N  fide  of  lake  Ontario,  U 
Canada,  runs  into  that  lake  between  Bur- 
lington Bay  and  River  au  Credai.    Smyik 

Gray,  a  port  town  in  Maine,  Cumber- 
land CO.  15  miles  N  by  W  of  Portland, 
The  townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1772, 
and  contains  987  inhabitants. 

Grayfon,  a  county  of  Virginia  on  tlie 

npper  waters  of  the  Great  Kanhawa.  It 

contain*  3742  free  inhabitants,  and  r* 

-  "  (lave* 


liTM.    Its  form  i 

line  is  about  50  r 
miles.      It  is  veri 
than  a  fifth  part  I 
tains  are  loaded  ^ 
in  iron  ore.      Tv 
frcjfted.      The  c 
3j  N,  a.?o  miles  J 
the  court  houfc  ii 
from  Wafliington 
Great  Bank  of  / 
/ilhing  bank  exte 
■lmo(i  of  a  trian 
it  and  the  ifland 
channel  of  deep 
41  and  50  24  N 
M>d  54  45  W  Ion. 
Great  Btttr  Liik 
wcflward,     and 
river,  in  the  N  W 
far  from  the  ardl 
ajo  yards  wide. 
Great  Alligator  . 
Great  Burringtoi 
chufetts,  fierkfliir 
ijo  miles  W  of  B 
Hudfon  city,  N.  \ 
Great    Cape,  in 
fide,  where  lake 
the  narrows  uf  th 
Great  Famine,  a 
fifes  in  the  moun 
Oneida  river,  am 
Ontario.     Us  mo 
ly  from  the  mout 
Great  Egg  Hart 
hur. 

Great  Ifland,  ir 
Hampfhire. 

Great   Kahhat 
which  rifes  iu 
of  N.  Carolina, 
pafles  into  Virg 
the  N,  it  receive 
ing  N  N  W,  it 
enters  the   Ohi 
burg,  in  39  5  N 
at  its   mouth, 
about  10  or  ii 
confiderably   1 
miles  farther, 
firft  falls,  when 
navigate   it  fro 
its  catara(fl9. 

Great  Mecatin 
rador  coaft  I 
in  50  43  N.  lat. 
Great  Pelican  \ 
Great  Sarins. 
Great   S-unimi 


GRE 

lafci.  It!  form  is  triangular  ;  tlie  lonr^rfl 
line  i»  about  50  miles,  its  widefl  place  15 
mile*-  It  is  vcrv  mountainous,  not  more 
than  a  fifth  part  nein}»  arable.  'I'hc  nioun 
tains  are  loaded  with  timber,  and  ;ibouna 
in  iron  ore.  I'wo  fct  of  iron  works  are 
ffctfted.  The  court  houfc  is  in  lat.  .^6 
35  N.  l.?o  miles  S  W  of  Richmond.  At 
the  court  houfc  is  a  poll  olHce,  386  milct 
from  Wafliington. 

Grtitt  Bank  of  Netvf'iiinJlanJ,  This  noted 
fifhing  banic  extendi  from  N  to  S.and  is 
ilmoft  of  a  triatigular  fliajv;.  Between 
it  and  the  idaixl  on  the  W  ii  a  broad 
channel  «)f  deep  water.  It  lie*  between 
41  and  .50  24  N  lat.  and  between  49  45 
aod  54  45  W  Ion. 

Great  B.ar  I.nh,  a  water  which  runs 
wcftward,  and  falls  into  M'Kenfie's 
river,  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  America  ;  not 
far  from  the  ardtic  circle.  Its  mouth  ii 
Jjo  yards  wide. 

Great  jilli^ator  Dlfinal.       See  Difiiial. 

Great  Surrin^ton,  a  pofi  town  in  MalTa- 
chufetts,  Bcrlcfliirc  co.  S  of  Stoclcbridgc, 
ijo  miles  W  of  Burton,  and  a6  E  by  S  of 
Kudfon  city,  N.  York.    Inhabitants  1754. 

Great  Caf>e,  in  U.  Canada,  on  the  N 
fide,  where  lake  Superior  defccudi  into 
the  narrows  of  the  fall  St.  Mary. 

Great  Famine,  a  river  in  N.  York,  which 
rifes  in  the  mountains  near  the  fource  of 
Oneida  river,  and  runs  N  W  by  W  to  L. 
Ontario.  Its  mouth  is  10  milea  8  wcfter- 
ly  from  the  mouth  of  Black  river. 

Great  E^  Har/ioiir,  &C.  See  £^s  Har- 
iour. 

Great  Tftand,  in  PifcAtaqua  harbour,  N. 
Hampfhire. 

Great  Kanbavay,  A  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  iu  the  Alleghany  mountains 
of  N.  Carolina,  and  in  a  N  W  uiredion 
pafles  into  Virginia,  thence  wimlinij  to 
the  N,  it  receives  Green  Briar,  then  turn- 
ing N  N  W,  it  receives  Hlk  river,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  285  miles  below  Piitl- 
burg,  in  39  5  N  lat.  being  500  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth.  The  current  is  gentle  for 
about  ro  or  ii  miles,  when  it  becomes 
confiderably  rapid  for  upwards  of  60 
miles  farther,  where  you  meet  with  the 
firft  falls,  when  it  becomes  iinpoifible  to 
navigate  it  from  the  great  number  of 
its  catarat^ts. 

Great  Mtcatina,  an  idand  on  the  Lab- 
rador coaft  Its  fouthcrn  extremity  lies 
in  50  43  N.  lat. 

Great  Pelican  IJland.    See  Pelicatu 

Great  Sorliis.    See  Socfiis. 

Crftit  Stvtimjt,  between  Northampton 


ORE 

and  I.iirem  counties,  in  Pennfylvanu. 
Iliis  fw.unp,  on  .  xaniinaiion  and  luivey, 
is  lound  to  be  ^i.od  Urm  land  ;  thiLkiy 
covered      I'h  beach  and  lugar  m;iplc. 

Great  A'/./jr,,  (uio  of  the  ridge*  of  tlic  AI- 
lc^li.iny  MDuuiaiin,  v/)iich  Icparatts  the 
waters  of  the  .S.ivunnah  and  Alat.miaha. 
At  the  S  li  promcmtory  of  the  (ireiit 
Ridge  is  that  extraoidiuiiry  place  c.illcd 
Butlaloc  Lick,  dillant  abnut  80  miles  from 
^Vii^jiifta.  It  occupies  Ictral  aires  of 
ground.  A  large  cane  iw.anp  and  nitad- 
OW9,  formi.ig  an  innnenle  pUin,  lies  S  E 
fntni  it;  in  thii  fwaiiip  Mr.  Bartrnm 
thinks  the  braiKlics  of  the  Great  Ogeerhe 
take  their  rife.  'I'lic  l.ick  is  nearly  level, 
and  lies  between  the  head  of  the  cane 
I'wauip,  and  the  afcent  of  the  Ridge.  The 
earth,  from  tite  luptrlices  to  an  unknown 
depth,  is  an  almolk  wiiitc  or  cinerou* 
coloured,  tenacious,  fattilh  clay,  which  all 
kinds  of  cattle  lick  into  great  caves,  piir- 
luing  the  delicious  vein.  Mr.  Bartram 
could  not  dil'cover  any  thing  faline  in  its 
talle,  but  an  inlipid  Iweetnds.  Horned 
cattle,  horfes,and  deer,  are  immoderately 
fond  of  it ;  infoniuclithat  their  extrLment, 
which  ulmoft  totally  covers  the  earth  to 
fome  dirtancc  round  this  place,  appears  to 
be  perfed:  clay  ;  which  when  dried  by 
the  fun  and  air,  is  ulmoit  us  hard  as 
brick. 

Great  S/>r!ngj,  is  an  amazing  fountain  of 
tranfparent,  cool  water^  lituaU'il  near  the 
road,  about  midway  between  Aiiyuftaand 
Savannah.  It  breaks  luddenly  out  of  the 
earth  at  the  balls  of  a  moderately  elevat- 
ed hill  or  bank,  forming  at  onct  a  bafon 
near  10  yards  over,  al'conding  through  a 
horizontal  bed  of  foft  rocks,  chieily  x 
teQaccous  concretion  of  broken,  entire, 
ami  pulverized  fea  llielis>  fand  isc.  coiifti- 
tutmg  a  coarl'e  kind  o!  linielloiic.  Tlie 
ebullition  is  copious,  aclive,  and  contimial, 
over  the  ragged  apertur;;*  in  tlie  rocks, 
which  lie  7  or  8  feet  below,  fsvelling  the 
furfacc,  confiderably,  inunediaicly  .ibove 
it  ;  the  waters  defecnd  fwiltly  fiom  tiic 
fountain,  forming  at  once  a  huge  brook,  6 
or  8  yards  over,  and  5  or  6  left  deep. 
There  are  multitudc3  of  fidi  in  tlie  toun- 
taiu.of  various  tribes  ;  chicilv  the  feveral 
fpeoies  of  bream,  trout,  cat  hiL,  and  f^.-irr, 
which  are  uehelu  coiuinuallv  atcem;!ii'» 
and  def sending  tlirougli  the  rocky  appct- 
tures.  Bartram,  fnmi  whofe  tiavcls  tiic 
above  Is  taken,  obferves,  thr.t  he  croiied 
no  ftream  or  brook  of  water  within  i  2  or 
15  miles  of  this  fount:iin,  but  hud  in.view 
Tad  favannahs,fwamps,aud  cane  meadows,  ' 

vliich 


GRE 


GRE 


,-■(  ■ 


Wit- 


f.-i  [ 


ivhich  he  conjedtures  are  the  refervoir  s 
which  feed  this  delightful  grotto. 

Great  IVoris,  a  flieain  aliout  lO  miles 
long,  which  runs  into  Penoblcot  qn  its  li 
fide,  in  townihip  No.  4,  about  10  miles 
above  the  head  of  the  tide,  and  a  below 
the  Great  Falls,  oppofite  Marfli's  Ifland. 
There  are  large  tra<5ts  of  valuable  meadow 
and  intervale,  and  good  mill  feats  on  this 
ftream.  See  OiU-t-  Stream,  a  branch  gf 
Great  Works. 

Greene,  a  county  in  Wafliington  diftridl, 
Hate  of  Teneflee.  In  this  county  are 
Smoaky  and  Bays  mountains.  Near  the 
banks  of  French  Broad  are  the  Warm 
Springs,  efficacious  in  I'corbutic  and  rheu- 
matic c&.:''plaints.  It  has  7610  inhabit- 
ants. 

Green,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  .•jp  miles 
fquare,  bounded  N  E  by  Lincoln.  It  is 
tvcU  watered  by  Green  R.  and  its  branch- 
es. Inhabitants  6ozj,  of  whom  816  are 
Jlaves 

Green^  townfliip  in  Franklin  co.  Penn' 
fylvania.  Alfo,  a  townfliip  in  Walhington 
CO.  in  the  fame  ftate. 

Green,  a  port  town  in  Keiinebeck  co. 
Maine,  fituatcd  the  Efidc  of  Androfcoggin 
river,  31  miles  W  by  S  of  Pittfton,  39  N 
of  Portland,  and  104  N  by  E  of  Bofton, 
containing  933  inhabitants. 

Cr.vn,  a  CO. of  N.  York,  taken  from Ulfter 
and  Albany  counties.  It  lies  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  Hudlon,  extending  50  miles 
W  from  the  river.  Inhabitants  15,870, 
Chief  town,  Kaatfkiil. 

Gre'n,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania, bounded  N 
by  Wafliinglon,  S  and  W  by  Virginia,  E 
by  Monongahela  river,  33  miles  long, 
18  broad.  Some  of  its  flreams  fall  into 
the  Ohio,  others  into  the  Monongahela. 
Inhal)itant3  8605. 

Green,  a  navigable  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  rifes  in  Merrcr  co.  has  a  gentle 
current,  and  is  navigable  nearly  150  miles. 
Its  courl'e  is  generally  W,  and  at  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Ohio  is  upwards  of  aoo 
■ynrds  wide.  Between  tlie  mouth  of  Green 
river  and  Salt  river,  adiftancc  of  nearl)' 
aoo  miles,  the  land  upon  the  banks  of  the 
Ohio  are  generally  fertile  and  rich ;  but, 
leaving  its  banks,  you  fall  into  the  plain 
country,  which  is  confidered  as  little  bet- 
ter tlian  barren  land.  On  this  river  are 
a  number  of  Salt  fpiings  or  licks.  There 
are  3  fprinj;s  or  ponds  of  bitumen  near 
this  river,  which  do  not  form  a  flream, 
but  empty  thcralielvcs  into  a  common  re- 
fervoir, and  when  ui'ed  in  lam[)8,  anfwers 
all  the  purpoles  of  the  beft  oil,    Vaft 


quantities  of  nitre  are  found  in  the  cave* 
on  its  banks ;  and  many  of  the  fettlers 
inanufa«3:ure  their  own  gunpowder. 

Green,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  New- 
bern  diflridt,  containing  4218  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1496  are  (laves. 

Green,  a  county  in  the  flate  of  Ohio. 

Green  Bay,  or  Puan  Bay,  a  S  weftcrn 
branch  of  Lake  Michigan.  See  Michigan, 
Puan,  and  JVinncbngo. 

Green,  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  in  the 
town  of  Marlborough,  in  Vermont,  and 
falls  into  Conneiiticut  R.  above  Dccrfield, 
in  Mafl'achufctts. 

Green  Briar,  a  large  and  fertile  county 
of  Virginia,furrounded  by  Bath,  Randoph, 
Harrifon,  Kanhaway,  Botetourt,  and 
Montgomery  counties.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long  and  45  broad.  It  contain!) 
3894  free  inhabitants,  and  ayi  fiavcs. 
There  is  a  large  cave  on  Rich  creek  in 
this  county,  the  earth  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  urongly  impregnated  with  fuU 
phur.  Many  fuch  are  to  be  found  oq 
Green  Briar  R.  The  chief  town  is  Lew- 
ilburg.  At  Green  Briar  court  houfe  is  s, 
port  ofEce,  30  miles  W  by  S  of  Sweet 
Springs,  and  103  W  of  Staunton. 

Green  Briar  R.  tuns  a  S  W  courfe,  and 
falls  into  the  eaflern  iide  of  the  Great 
Kanhaway,  at  the  place  where  that  river 
breaks  through  the  Laurel  Ridge,  and  op^ 
pcfUc  to  the  mouth  of  New  R.  in  N  lat. 

Greenburgh,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Chefter 
CO. N.York,  containing  1581  inhabitant, 

Grcenbujb,  a  townfliip  ill  Renflalaer  cp. 
N.York.     It  has  347a  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  pofl  town  in  Franklin  co.  Penr- 
fylvania,  fttuated  near  the  Coiiegocheaguc 
creek.  Mere  are  about  80  lioufes,  1  Ger- 
man churches,  and  a  Prelby  tcri.in  churcli. 
It  is  II  miles  S  by  W  of  Chaiuberlburii;, 
and  156  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia,  and  hat 
884  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  county  in  Kentucky,  extending 
from  Ohio  V .  on  the  N,  to  1  eneflee  ^\\\.*' 
on  the  S,  and  bordering  W  on  the  Milli- 
fippi  R.  and  E  upon  Hardin  and  Jeflerfou 
counties. 

Greene,  a  coinitv  in  Wafliington  dlflriiS 
in  Tenellec,  having  7610  inhabitants,  of 
whom  471  are  Haves.  Grecneville  Col- 
lege has  been  eflabliflicd  by  law  in  this 
county.  It  is  fituated  betwttn  two  fmnll 
northern  blanches  of  Nolachucky  R. 
about  },\  miles  S  by  W  of  Greeneville,  tlie 
county  town,  25  N  W  by  W  of  Joncf- 
borough,  and  75  E  of  Knoxville.  To 
the  honor  of  the  people  of  Tcneflee,  their 

<£a(^cl) 


GRE 


GRE 


id  Jeflerfou 


taFlieft  legiflatlve  attention  was  dircAcd 
to  the  education  of  youth  anci  the  inter- 
(cft  of  fciencc.  'I'his  I'eminary  was  char- 
tered in  the  year  1794,  by  the  firft  u£t  of 
thefirft  afl'embly  of  the  South  Weftern 
Territory  When  the  ftate  government 
came  into  operation,  it  adopted  and  i'anc« 
tioned  all  the  unrepealed  a<fts  of  tlie  Ter- 
ritory as  its  own  laws  In  the  number  of 
thefe  was  comprehended  the  charter  of 
Greeneviile  College.  By  this,  fourteen 
truftees,  including  the  prcfident,  were  ap- 
pointed and  incorporated,  with  full  pow- 
er to  hold  tlie  property  and  fuperinteud 
the  .  mcerns  of  the  College.  Kight  may 
conltitute  a  quorum.  I'he  prefident  offi- 
ciates as  moderator.  Through  his  perfe- 
vering  exertions,  a  library,  confiftingof 
betwcfn  one  and  two  thoufand  volumes, 
has  been  procured,  a  fmall  philofophical 
apparatus  purchafed,  and  a  convenient 
building  erecftcd.  From  the  beginning  of 
the  year  1800,  a  conliderable  number  of 
fcholars  have  received  inftruction.  Since 
that  time  an  advance  has  been  made  by 
fubfcription  towards  the  eftablifliment  of 
a  permanent  fund,  and  it  is  much  to  be  de- 
iired,that  it  may  be  crowned  with  ample 
Aiccefs.  The  local  iltuation  of  the  inditu- 
tion  is  highly  favourable  to  its  utility,  on 
account  of  ftlent  retirement,  healthincfs 
of  climate,  cheapnefs  of  board,  and  near* 
nefs  to  the  moft  public  roads  in  every  di- 
rection. The  lurrounding  country  is  di« 
Terfiiied  with  lofty  mountains  and  luxuri- 
ant vallies,  with  the  woods  of  nature  and 
the  fields  of  the  planter,  with  rapid 
llreams  fpecding  their  courfe  to  the  dif- 
tant  ocean,  and  innumerable  fpringsever 
flowing  with  the  purell  water,  all  jigree- 
^bly  confpiring  to  (liniulale  and  expand, 
to  invigorate  and  enrich,  tofublimate  and 
purify  the  youthful  mind.  The  co.  is 
watered  by  the  French,  Broad,  and  Nol- 
achucky  rivers,  and  is  bounded  N  by 
Walliington.  U  by  N.  Carolina,  S  by  Jefler- 
A)n,  and  W  by  Hawkins  counties. 

Greme,  a  townlliip  in  Chenango  co.  N. 
York,  on  tite  E  fide  of  Chenargo  R.  It 
has  655  inhabitants. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  upper  difl;ri<fl  of 
Georgia,  bounded  VV  by  ilie  upper  part 
of  Oconee  R.E  by  Wilkes  co.  and  Sby  that 
of  Waflungton.  It  contains  10,761  in- 
habitants, including  3657  Haves,  Chief 
town  Greenlborough. 

GreenfiM,  a  handiomc,  flourifliing  port 
town  in  Hampfliire  co.  Maflachufetts, 
about  4  miles  N  of  Decrfield,  and  1O4  W 
by  N  of  Bodoo.    'i'hc  towaiLip  lies  en 


the  W  bank  of  Connedticut  R.  was  incor-' 
Derated  in  1753,  and  contains  1254  inhab* 
itants.  A  company  was  incorporated  in 
1796  to  build  a  bridge  over  CounedlicuC 
R.  to  connetSt  this  town  with  Monugue« 

Greenfield,  a  port  town  in  Saratoga  CO. 
N.  York,  having  3073  inhabitants. 

Greenfield,  a  town  in  Hillfborough  CO. 
N.  Hampfliire,  containing  934  inhabitants. 

Green  IJland,  or  Serpent  JJluiid,  one  of  the 
IclTer  Virgin  iflands,  which  is  claimed  by 
the  Spaniards,  and  iituated  near  the  £  end 
of  Porto  Rico. 

Green  IJlund  Harlonr,  lies  On  the  weftern 
end  of  the  illand  of  Jpmaica.  It  furnillies 
good  anchorage,  having  Davis's  Cove  on 
the  N  E,  and  Half  Moon  and  Orange  bay* 
on  the S  W. 

Greenland,  a  town  in  Rockingliam  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean, 
5  miles  foutherly  from  Portfmouth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1713,  and  contain* 
548  inhabitants. 

Greenland,  'i'his  extcnllvc  country  prop- 
erly belongs  to  neither  of  the  two  conti- 
nents ;  unlcfii,  as  feems  probable,  it  be 
united  to  America  to  the  noithward  of 
Davis's  flraits.  It  is  bounded  l<v  Davis's 
flraits  on  the  W ;  to  the  northward  by 
fome  unknown  ocean,  or  by  the  N  pole  ; 
E  by  the  Icy  fea,  and  a  ftrait  which  fep- 
aratcs  it  from  Iceland ;  S  £  by  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean  ;  S  it  terminates  in  a  point  call* 
cd  Farewell,  in  N  lat.  59,  The  wcftern 
coaft,  which  is  waflied  by  Davis's  flraits, 
is  high,  rocky,  bad  land,  which  rears  its 
head,  clofe  to  the  fea,  in  lofty  mountaiiiB 
covered  with  fnow,  and  inacctfiiiilc  clifls, 
and  meets  the  mariner's  eye  ^o  kaguet 
at  fea.  The  Creenlander<,  reckoned  to 
amount  to  about  7C00,  live  to  tlie  fouth- 
ward  of  the  62d  degree  of  N  lat.  or  as  the 
inhabitants  are  wont  to  fay,  in  the  fouth  ; 
but  no  Europeans  live  there,  fo  that  thofc 
pirts  are  but  littlt  known.  The  Europe- 
an  colonies  have  fixed  thtmfelves  to  the 
northward  of  lat.  62.  'i'he  aftonifliing 
mountains  of  ice  in  this  country,  may  wcU 
be  recorded  among  its  grcatcfl  curioiitics. 
Nothing  can  exhibit  a  more  dreadful,  and 
at  the  lame  time  a  more  dazzlirtg  appear- 
ance, than  thoie  prodigious  maifts  of  ice 
that  furround  the  whole  coaft- in,yariout 
forms,  rcflttfling  a  multitude  of  eo^r.urt 
from  the  fiiiibtams,  and  calling  to  mind 
the  enchanting  Icenes  of  romance.  Such 
profpeifl.s  they  yield  in  calm  weather;  but 
when  the  wind  begins  to  blow,  and  the 
waves  to  rife  in  vaft  billows,  the  violent 
il;ock$  of  thofc  pieces  of  ice,  dafliing  nnc 

a^ainft 


mm  ' 


GRE 


GRE 


againft  another,  filhthe  mind  with  horror. 
As  this  country  is  covered,  in  moft  places, 
with  evcrlafting  ice  and  fnow,  it  is  eafy 
to  imigine  that  it  muft  be  extremely  cold. 
Among  the  vegctibles  of  this  cold  coun- 
try, are  forrel  of  various  forts,  angelica, 
ivild  tanfey,  fcurvy  grafs  in  great  quanti- 
ties, wild  rofcmary,  dandalions  in  plenty, 
and  various  forts  of  grafs ;  whoretleber- 
ries  and  cranberries  grow  here.     Europe- 
ans have  fown  barley  and  oats,  which 
grow  as  high  and  as  thrifty  as  in  warmer 
climates,  but  feldnm  advance  fo  far  as  to 
car,  and  never,  even  in  the  warmed  places, 
to  maturity,  becanfe  the  frofty  nights  be- 
gin too  fuon.     Unfruitful  as  this  country 
is,  it  aflbrds  food  for  fomc,  though  but 
few  kinds  of  beads,  which  furnifli  the  na- 
tives with  food  and  raiment.    Of  the  wild 
game  are  white  hares,  rein  deer,  foxes, 
and  white  bears,  who  are  fierce  and  mif- 
chievous,  feals,  &c.    The  Greenlanders 
have  no  tame  animals  but  a  fpecies  of 
dogs,  who  refcmble  wolves.    The  Green- 
landers   believe  in   the  dodbrine  of  the 
tranfmigration  of  fouls,  and  have  very 
lingular  and  romantic  notions  concerning 
a  future  date.     Wed  Greenland  was  fird 
peopled  by  Europeans  in  the  eighth  cen- 
tury.   At  that  time  a  company  of  Ice- 
landers, headed  by  one  Ericke  Rande, 
were  by  accident  driven  on  the  coad. 
On  his  return  he  reprefentcd  the  country 
in  fuch  a  favourable  light,  that  fome  fam- 
ilies again  followed  him  thither,  where 
they  foon  became  a  thriving  colony,  and 
bedowcd  on  their  new   habitation   the 
name  of  GraenlaHdox  Greenlant/jOa  account 
of  its  verdant  appearance.    This  colony 
was  converted  to  Chridianity  by  a  mif- 
lionary  from  Norway,  fcnt  thither  by  the 
celebrated  Olaf,  the  iird  Norwegian  mon- 
arch, who  embraced  the  true  religion. 
The  Greenland  fettlemeut  continued  to 
incrcafe  and  thrive  under  his  protediion, 
and  in  a  little  time  the  country  was  pro- 
Tided  with  many  towns,  churches,  con- 
Tents,  bifliops,  &c.  under  the  jurifdidlion 
nf  the  archbifliop  of  Dronthtim.    A  con- 
fiderable  commerce  wa&  carried  on  be- 
tween Greenland  and  Norway  ;  and  a 
regular  intetcourfe  maintained  between 
the  two  countries  till  the  year  1 406,  when 
the  lad  bifliop  was  fcnt  over.     I>oni  that 
time  all  corrcfpondencc  was  cut  oil",  and 
all  knowledge  of  Greenland  h;ia  been  bu- 
ried in  oblivion.     The  colony,  from  its 
fird  fettlcment,   had   been   hatafTed    by 
the  natives,  a  favage  people,  agreeing  in 
cudums,  garb  and  appearance,  with  the 


■  ( 


Efqutmauz.    See  New  Britain.    This  aa>^ 
tion,    called    Scbrellingt,    Siralingiits,    or 
dwarfifli  people,  from  their  fmall  dature» 
at  length  prevailed  over  the  Iceland  fet- 
tlcrs,  who  inhabited  the  wcdern  didri(Sl, 
and  exterminated  them  in  the  14th  cen- 
tury ;  infomuch,  that  when  their  brethren 
of  the  eadern  didri(Sl  came  to  their  afl'id- 
ance,  they  found  nothing  alive  but  fome 
cattle  and  docks  of  flieep  running  wild 
about  the  country.    The  Schrellings  have 
a  tradition  that  tliefe  were  likewife  exter- 
minated, and  aflirm  that  the  ruins  of  their 
houfcs  and  villages  dill  appear.    There 
are  reafons,  however,  for  believing  4hat 
there  may  be  dill  fome  defccndants  of  the 
ancient  Iceland  colony  remaining  in  the 
eadern  didri(Sk,  though  they  cannot  be 
vifited  by  land,  on  account  of  the  dupen- 
dous  mountains,  perpetually  covered  with 
fnow,  which   divide   the   two   parts   of 
Greenland;  whild  they  hav.c  been  ren- 
dered  inaccefllble  by  fea,  by  the  vad 
quantity  of  ice  driven  from  Spitfbergcn, 
or  £ad  Greenland,  one  would  imagine 
that  there  mud  have  been  fome  confrder- 
able  alteration  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  world  fince  the  15th  century,  fo  that 
the  coad  of  Greenland  is  now  become 
almod  totally  inacccdihle,  though  former- 
ly vifited  with  very  little  didiculty.    The 
fame  alteration   in  the  climate  of  New 
Britian   is   vifible.    The  foreds  arc  fur- 
rounded  with  a  circle  of  dumps  and  dead 
trees,   20  miles  and  more  in  diameter. 
This  diows  that  fnow  and  frod  are  more 
powerful   than    formerly.      Where    the 
durdy  fored  rofe,  not  a  flinib  now  is  fcen. 
While  other  climates  become  more  mild, 
that  of  the  northern  part  of  N.  America 
is  more  difmal.     Numerous  attempts  have 
been  made  in  the  lad  and  prefcut  century 
to  difcover  the  eadern  didritfl,  but  they 
have  all  proved  abortive.     In   thefe  at- 
tempts ore  has  been  found,  every  hundred 
pounds  of  which  yielded  26  ounces  of  fil- 
ver ;  and  fand,  from  which  an  eminent 
chcniid  extracfled  pure  gold.    It  is  thouglit 
the  only  pradlicable  method  of  reaching 
that  part  of  the  country  will  be  to  coall: 
north  about  in  fmali  vellels,  between  the 
great  flakes  of  ice  autl  the  fliore ;  as  the 
Greenlanders  have  declared,  that  the  cur- 
rents continually  ifluing  from   the  bay* 
and  inlets,  and  tunning  S  wcdward  along 
the  fliore,  hinder  the  ice  from  adhering 
to  the  land  ;  fo  that  there  is  always  a 
channel  open,  through  which  vefl'els  of 
fmall   burden    might    pafs,   cfpecially  if 
lodge*  were  built  at  fuitable  didances  on 


6R£ 


«RE^ 


Ithe  fliore,  for  the  convenience  and  d!rec- 
tion  of  the  adventurers.  The  Greenland 
fifliery  is  produiStive,  and  chiefly  engrofT- 
cd  by  the  Britifli  and  Dutch  nations.  In 
1785  the  former  employed  153  fliips  in 
the  whole  iiflicry,  and  the  Dutch  65. 

Green  Moimtaiiij,  a  range  of  mountains 
extending  N  N  £  to  S  S  W,  and  dividing 
the  waters  which  run  eaderly  into  Con- 
necticut river,  from  tliofe  which  fall  wcft- 
crly  into  lake  Champlain,  lake  George, 
and  Hudfon's  river.  The  afccnt  from  the 
E  to  the  top  of  the  Green  Mountain  in 
Vermont,  is  much  eafier  than  from  the 
W,  till  you  get  to  Onion  river,  where  the 
mountain  terminates.  The  height  of 
land  is  generally  from  ao  to  .^o  miles  from 
the  river,  and  about  the  tume  diftance 
from  the  New  York  line.  The  natural 
growth  upon  this  mountain,  is  hemlock, 
pine,  fpruce,  and  other  evergreens ;  hence 
It  has  always  a  green  appearance,  and  on 
this  account  has  obtained  the  defcriptive 
name  of  f^er  Mom,  Green  Mountain.  On 
fnme  parts  of  this  mountain  fnow  lies  till 
May,  and  fomctimcs  till  June.  The  chain 
extends  through  Maflachufetts  and  Con- 
nedlicut,  and  terminates  in  New  Haven. 
Kellington  Peak,  the  higheft  of  thefe 
mountains,  is  about  3454  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean. 

Green/borough,  a  pofl  town,  and  chief 
town  of  Greene  co.  Georgia,  30  miles  from 
Lexington,  and  78  W  by  S  from  Augufta. 
It  contains  25  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  Prcfbyterian  meeting  houfe.  Lands 
are  appropriated  for  the  cftablifliment  of 
an  academy  here. 

Grfenjborougb,  a  thriving  village  in  Car- 
oline county,  Maryland  ;  on  the  W  fide 
»f  Chcptank  creek,  about  7  miles  N  of 
Danton,  and  1%  miles  S  E  by  S  of  Chefter. 
Here  is  a  poll  office,  109  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Greenfiorough,  a  new  townfhip  in  Or- 
leans county  in  Vermont.  It  adjoins  to 
Minden  on  the  N  W,  and  Wheelock  on 
the  S  E,  and  contains  280  inhabitants. 

Greenjboro,  a  poft  town,  W.  Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  264  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Grefnjhurg,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capital 
•f  Weftmoreland  co.  Pennfylvania.  It  is 
a  neat  pretty  town,  fltuated  on  a  branch 
•f  Sewickly  creek,  which  empties  into 
Youghiogany  R.  Here  are  100  dwelling 
houfes,  a  German  Culvinift  church,  a 
brick  court  houfe,  and  a  ftone  gaol.  It  is 
jji  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Pittfburg,  and  270 
W  by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Qruufiur^,  a  poft  tows,  GrcM  co.  Ken- 


I 


tucty,  875  miles  W  by  S  from  Wafliing* 
ton. 

GreenfvilU,  a  county  of  Virginia,  encom^ 
pafTed  by  Brunfwick,  Southampton,  and 
SuiTex  counties,  on  the  W,  N,  and  £,  and 
by  the  (late  of  N.  C.irolina  on  the  S.  Ic 
is  about  24  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and 
contains  361 1  free  inhabitants,  and  41 16 
Haves. 

Creen-uitle  Court  Houfe,  in  Virginia,  (land* 
on  Hick's  Ford,  25  miles  from  Southamp- 
ton, and  61  from  Norfolk.  There  is  now 
a  fmall  town  laid  off  at  this  place ;  a  few 
b"ufcs  are  built. 

Greenville,  a  diftridl  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 1 1,504  inhabitants,  of  whom  1439 
are  flaves. 

Greenville,  a  county  in  Wafliington  dif- 
tria,  S.  Carolina;  tuated  in  the  N  W 
corner  of  the  ftate ;  bounded  E  by  Spar- 
tanburg CO.  in  Pinkney  diftritEl ;  S  by  Pen- 
dleton ;  W  by  the  ftate  of  Georgia,  and 
that  tracl  of  country  which  the  ftate  of 
S.  Carolina  ceded  to  the  United  States  & 
and  N  by  the  ftate  of  N.  Carolina.  Ic 
contains  11,504  inhabitants,  of  whom. 
1439  arc  flaves.  The  lands  are  moun- 
tainous and  hilly,  and  well  watered,  and 
the  climate  healthy  and  agreeable. 

Greenville,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  chief  town  of  Cheraws  diftritSt ;  fitu- 
ated  on  the  W  fide  of  Great  Pedee  river, 
iu  Darlington  co.  It  contains  about  3* 
houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  academy. 
It  is  SS  miles  E  N  E  of  Camden,  90  N  K 
by  E  of  Columbia,  135  N  by  E  of  Charlcf- 
ton. 

Greenville,  a  poft  town,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Pitt  county,  N.  Carolina  ;  on  the 
S  bank  of  Tar  river,  diftanc  from  Ocre- 
cok  inlet  1 10  miles,  and  23  from  Wafli- 
ington. It  contains  about  50  houfc!),  x 
court  houfe  and  gaol ;  alfo  a  feminary  of 
learning,  called  the  Pitt  Academy.  It  '1% 
23  miles  from  Wafhington,  and  25  mile* 
from  Tarborough. 

Greenville,  a  poft  town,  Mecklenburg  co. 
Kentucky,  766  miles  W  by  S  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Greenville,  a  poft  town  in  JcfFerfon  c». 
Miffifippi  territory,  1217  miles  W  from 
Wafliington. 

Greenville,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  Green 
CO.  in  the  ftate  of  TenefTec,  fituated  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  N  eafternmoft  branch 
of  Nolachucky  river,  about  6  miles  N  by 
E  of  Greenville  college,  (fee  Green  Co.)  26 
miles  N  W  of  Jonefboroiij;h,  75  E  of 
Knoxvillc,  and  653  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

VrftiiviHe,  »  f*rt  and  fcttiement  in  tlti^ 

ftate 


m  I 


If  1-1  f?^-   HI 

wm  m 


41  in 


GRE 


GRfi 


'M^ 


fi 


iate  of  Ohio,  on  the  S  fide  of  a  N  wefterrt 
hranoh  uf  the  Great  Miami,  6  miles  N 
W  of  Fort  JtiTcrfon  on  the  fame  branch, 
and  about  13  miles  S  E  of  Fort  Recovery. 
?":  is  a  picketed  fort,  with  badions  at  each 
angle,  and  capacious  enough  to  accom- 
nodatft  aooo  men.  Here  the  American 
legion  hud  their  head  quarters  in  the  late 
%\Mr  with  the  Indians.  It  was  eftabiiflied 
by  the  late  Ma}.  Gen.  A.  Wayne,  in  1703, 
Mild  here  he  concluded  a  treaty  of  peace 
vriih  the  Indian  natioun,  on  the  3d  of 
Auguft,  1 795. 

Greenville  Bay,  or  La  Bay,  a  town  and 
port  of  entry  on  the  E  or  windward  fide 
of  the  illand  of  Granada.  It  has  about 
60  dwelling  houfcs,  a  church,  and  feveral 
rich  (lores  of  India  and  European  good;, 
and  plantation  utcniils.  The  iituation  is 
low,  and  rather  unhealthy. 

(frcnvitlc  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
On  the  li  by  the  county  of  Duadas ;  on 
the  S  by  tilt  river  St.  Lawrence  ;  and  en 
t^e  W  by  the  tovvnfl.ip  of  Elizabclhtown, 
running  N  24°  W,  until  it  inttrfetlls  the 
Ottawa  or  Grand  river;  thence  it  de- 
fcends  that  river  until  it  meets  the  Nweft- 
crnmoft  boundary  of  the  county  of  Dun- 
das.  The  county  of  Grenville  compre- 
hends all  the  landb  near  to  it  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.  Smyth. 

Greiivilk,  in  Wafliington  co.  N*  York. 
See  Granville. 

Greenville  College.  See  Green  Co.  Ten- 
•flee. 

Greentvicb,  a  townfliip  in  HampHiire  co. 
MalTachufetts,  incorporated  in  1754,  con- 
tains 1460  inhabitants.  It  is  20  miles  £ 
«»t  Northampton,  and  75  wcfteriy  of  Bof- 
ton. 

Greentvuh,  a  townfliip  in  Glouccfter  co. 
N.  jerfcy,  on  the  E  bank  of  Delaware  R. 
oniiolite  to  Fort  Mifllin,  3  miles  N  by  E 
•f  Woodbury,  and  6  S  E  of  Fhiladeiphia. 

Greeniuich,  a  townfliip  in  Suflex  co.  N. 
Jerfcy,  on  the  E  fide  of  Delaware  river, 
in  a  mountainous  country,  about  5  miles 
M  Eof  Eafton,  in  I'ennfyivania,  and  31  S 
W  of  Newton,  the  fliire  town.  It  con- 
tained, in  1790,  2035  inhabitants. 

Greciitt'icl),  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
N.  Jerley,  on  the  N  W  bank  of  Cohanzy 
creek,  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
Delaware  bay.  Here  arc  about  80  houfes 
and  a  Friend's  meeting  lipufe.  It  is  15 
milts  S  enfti  rly  of  Salem,  and  66  S  by  W 
of  Pliiladelphia. 

Grccnwicb,  i  maritime  and  pofl  town  in 
Fairfitld  CO.  Connetflicut,  and  the  S  weft- 
erumi.ft  of  ihc  Ibtc,  lies  about  jc  miles  W 


of  New  Haven,  and  40  E  of  N.  York  cit^ 
and  contains  3147  inhabitants.  Its  fea* 
coaft  on  Long  I.  Sound,  and  that  of  the 
townfliip  of  .:>tamford  on  the  caflward, 
has  a  number  of  ifles  and  rocks  bordering 
the  inlets  of  the  fca  and  mouths  of  the 
creeks.  Byram  river  pafles  through  this 
town,  the  larged  of  the  fmall  ftreams 
which  water  it,  and  only  noticeable  as 
forming  part  of  the  line  between  Connec- 
ticut and  N.  York.  This  tra<5l  was  pur- 
chafed  of  the  native  Indians  in  164''  and 
fettled  under  the  government  of  the  New 
Netherlands  (now  N.  York)  and  was  in- 
corporated by  Peter  Stuyvcfant,  in  1665, 
who  was  then  governor  of  the  New  Neth- 
erlands. This  town,  falling  within  the 
bounds  of  Connc<51:icut,  was  afterwardi 
granted  to  eight  pcrfons  by  that  colony. 

Greenzuicb,  a  town  in  Wafliington  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  R.  for- 
merly the  foutherly  part  of  Argyle.  Fort' 
Miller  is  in  this  town,  where  are  the  falls 
in  the  Hudfon,  which  Gen.  Putnam  de- 
feended  in  a  boat,  at  the  hazard  of  his 
life,  to  efcape  the  Indians.  Here  are  faw 
mills  where  much  buftnefs  is  done. 

Green-tvicb,  in  Rhode  Ifland.  Sec  EiJ 
Grtemviib, 

Greenwood,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania, having  724  inhabitants. 
Alfo,  a  townfliip  in  Mililin  county,  ia 
the  fame  (late,  having  969  inhabitants. 

Green  IVoods,  a  vaft  foreft  of  (lately  pinct 
in  Litchfield  co.  Connecticut,  which  cover 
the  face  of  a  part  of  that  county.  Tliefe 
are  clothed  in  green  bearded  mofs,  which 
being  pendant  from  the  boughs,  fcrecns 
many  of  the  trees  from  the  eyes,  and 
gives  to  the  whole  a  gloomy,  wild,  and 
whimfical  appearance. 

Gregoria,  St.  a  town  of  New  Mexico, 
fituated  on  the  E  (Ide  of  Rio  Bravo,  a  few 
leagues  N  of  St.  Antonio. 

Gregjlotvn,  a  village  in  Somcrfet  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  the  E  fide  of  Miliftone  river, 
6  miles  N  E  of  Princeton,  and  about  9  S 
W  of  N.  Brunfwick. 

Grenada.     See  Granada. 

Grcs,  Cape  au,  a  promontory  on  the  fi 
fide  of  the  Miflifippi,  in  the  N  W  terri- 
tory, 8  leagues  above  the  Illinois  river, 
and  the  traift  of  country  fo  called  extends 
5  IcTgues  on  that  river.  There  is  a  grad- 
ual dcfccnt  back  to  delightful  meadows, 
and  to  beautiful  and  fertile  uplands,  wa- 
tered by  feveral  rjvulets,  which  fall  into 
the  Illinois  river,  between  30  and  40  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Milfirippi,and 
into  the  latfer  at  Cape  au  Gres.    The  dif- 

tance 


GRO 

tance  from  die  Miflifippl  to  tlic  IllSnois 
acrofs  the  country,  is  IcfTened  or  in- 
creafed,  according  to  the  windings  of 
the  former  river  ;  the  fmalled  diftance 
is  at  Cape  au  Ores,  and  there  it  is  be- 
tween 4  and  j  miles.  The  ivinds  in  this 
intermediate  fpace  between  the  above 
two  rivers  are  rich,  aimoll  beyond  par- 
allel, covered  with  large  oaks,  walnut, 
&c.  and  not  a  (lone  to  be  feen,  except 
upon  the  fides  of  the  river.  If  fettlements 
were  begun  here,  the  French  inhabitants 
acknowledge  that  the  Span!  Hi  fettlements 
on  the  other  fide  of  the  MifGlippi  would 
be  abandoned  ;  as  the  former  would  ex- 
cite a  condant  fuccenion  of  fcttiers,  and 
intercept  all  the  trade  of  the  upper  Mif- 
fifippi. 

Greys  River,  U.  Canada, empties  itfclf 
into  lake  Simcoe,  on  th:  E  fide. 

Grimjhyt  Totunfiip,  in  U,  Canada,  CO.  of 
Lincoln,  lies  W  of  Clinton,  and  fronts 
lake  Ontario. 

Grind/lone  Ford,  in  the  Mifllfipp!  terri- 
tory, where  is  a  poQ  office,  1177  miles  N 
W  from  Wafliington. 

Gri/an,  one  of  the  fmaller  Granadillas, 
fituated  between  Diamond  iHand  and 
Cariacou.  It  is  uninhabited,  having  no 
frefti  water. 

Gros  Marue,  (lands  iu  the  middle  of  the 
N  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
between  the  mountain  and  the  head  wa- 
ters of  a  river  which  falls  into  the  fea  4 
leagues  to  the  N,  and  a  leagae  and  a  half 
W.of  Port  de  Paix.  It  is  equally  didant, 
It  leagues  N  E  of  Point  Paradis,  and  N 
W  of  Lcs  Gonaives.  N  lat.  19  46,  W 
Ion.  from  Paris  75  13. 

Grofc  IJle.  This  ifland  is  fituated  in  the 
river  Detroit,  in  IJ.  Canada,  and  lies  a 
little  way  lower  down  than  Grorte  Ifle 
aux  d'Indcs  ;  but  clofe  to  the  VV  fliore  ; 
it  contains  feveral  thoufand  acres  of  ex- 
cellent land,  and  plenty  of  good  wood  ; 
is  in  a  high  (late  of  iniprovtmeat ;  a  num- 
ber of  farmers  are  fettled  there,  wl-o  po!'- 
fefs  large  quantities  of  cleared  land. 

Sm-^tb. 

Grojfe,  IJle  la,  (fo  called  by  the  Canadi- 
ans) is  the  fame  as  Michilimackinac. 

Grotoit,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Graf- 
ton, N.  HampQiire,  15  miles  N  E  of  Dart- 
mouth college.     It  has  391  inhabitants. 

GrotoH,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co.  in 
Vermont,  is  fituated  wcftward  of  and  ad- 
joining to  Ryegate,  on  Connet%icut  river, 
and  9  miles  N  W  of  Stephen's  Fort  on 
that  river.     It  contains  448  inhabitants. 

Groton,  a  poll  town  in  Middicfcx  co. 
Vol.  L  Qb 


GUA 

MHtTachufetts,  3s  miles  N  W  of  Bofton, 
and  Contains  i8oz  inhabitants. 

Groton,  a  town(hip  in  New  I..ondon  co. 
Connet5licut,  having  Fillier's  ifland  foun(| 
on  the  fouthward,  and  Thames  river  oa 
the  \V,  which  feparates  it  from  N.  Lon- 
don,  to  which  it  formerly  belonged.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1705,  and  conlidsof 
two  paritlies,  containing  4372  inhabitants. 
In  1770  there  were  140  Indians  here;  44 
of  whom  could  read,  and  17  were  church 
members.  On  a  height,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Thames,  oppofite  N.  London  city, 
(lood  Fort  Grifwold,  memorable  for  be- 
ing (lormcd  on  the  6th  of  Sept.  1781,  by 
BeneditSt  Arnold,  a  native  of  Conncifticut, 
^fter  he  had  become  a  traitor  to  his  coun- 
try. Here  70  men,  the  flower  of  the 
town,  were  put  to  the  fwo^rj,  after  they 
had  furrendered  themfelves  prifoners. 
The  compadl  part  of  the  town  was  burnt 
at  the  fame  time,  and  fudained  lolTes  to 
the  amount  of  ^^.13,417.  Fort  Orifwold 
defends  the  harbour  of  New  London. 

Grove  Point,  forms  the  N  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  Saflafias  R.  in  Chefapeak  bay, 
5  miles  S  S  W  of  Turkey  point. 

Grovel's  Creek,  in  the  (late  of  TeneflTee, 
lies  7  miles  from  King's  Spring,  and  % 
from  the  foot  of  Cumberland  Mountain. 

Gryalvj,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  New  Spain,  which  is  faid  to 
breed  certain  amphibious  beads  not  to  be 
found  in  any  other  place.  They  refcni- 
ble  monkey8,and  arcfpottcd  like  tygers  ; 
they  hide  themfelves  generally  under  wa- 
ter, and  if  they  fee  any  man  or  bead  fwim 
by,  they  twid  their  tails  about  a  leg  or 
arm  to  draw  them  to  the  bottom ;  and 
yet  it  has  never  been  obfervcd  that  they 
cat  them. 

Gryfon,  a  new  county  of  Virginia,  takea 
from  Montgomery,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  N.  It  has  the  date  of  N.  Carolina  S, 
Henry  and  Wythe  counties  on  the  £  and 
W. 

Gaacana,  a  village  in  New  Spain,  near 
the  mountain  Jcruyo,  which  was  dedroy- 
cd  by  a  volcano  in  that  mountain,  in  1 760. 

Ouacoclingn,  a  town  ill  New  Spain,  39 
miles  S  E  of  Mexico. 

Guadaliijarra,  or  Guadalaxara,  a  province 
in  the  audience  of  Galicia,iu  Olcl  Mexico 
or  New  Spain,  and  its  capital,  an  epifco- 
pal  city  of  the  fame  name,  both  large  and 
beautiful.  The  city  was  built  anno  1531, 
by  one  of  the  family  of  the  Guzmans ; 
and  the  biiliopric,  which  was  before  fet- 
tled at  Compodella,  was  tranllated  thither 
ia  ijf70.    It.  is  Ijituated  oa  4  del>shtful 

and 


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GUA 


G'lTA- 


aud  fertile  plain,  watered  with  fcvcral 
flriums  and  fountains,  not  far  from  I3a- 
lanja  rivtr.  The  air  of  the  country  is 
temperate,  and  tlie  foil  fo  fertile,  that  it 
yields  lOO  to  i  ;  and  all  the  fruits  ot  Ku- 
rope  grow  in  luxuriance  and  abiindauce. 
N  lat.  20  50,  W  Ion.  104  49.  The  jirov- 
iuce  is  watered  by  the  Guadalaxara  R. 

CiuuJal.txurii,  or  Gmit  Aii/er,  in  Mexico 
or  New  Spain,  rifea  in  the  mountains  of 
the  valley  of  I'olDtcan,  wiicre  (lands  the 
tity  of  Guadalajarra,  or  Guadalaxara,  the 
capital  of  New  Ciulicia,  After  running  a 
courie  of  more  than  600  miles,  it  empties 
into  the  Pacific  oceun,  in  the  zad  degree 
uf  N  lat.  k  lus  nupendous  fallsj  15  miles 
S  of  the  city  of  its  name. 

GiuiJtiiotijie,  a  fmall  illand  on  the  coafl 
of  California,  in  N  lati  39  5,  W  Ion.  118. 

(jiadaloup:,  one  of  the  Caribbe  iflands 
ill  the  W.  kidics,  In'longing  to  France, 
having  beeu--  fettled  by  them  in  1635. 
The  natives  called  it  CayacKcita,-M\Ci  Cura- 
tueita.  Columbus  gave  it  its  prefent  name, 
from  the  rcfcmbiuuee  of  its  mountains  to 
tliofc  of  that  name  in  Spain.  It  is  iituat- 
td  in  16  20  N  lat.  and  6i  W  Ion.  about 
.•;o  leagues  N  of  Martinico,  and  alraotl  as 
many  S  c>f  Antigua,  being  45  miles  long, 
and  38  broad.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  a  fmall  arm  of  the  fea,  o*  rather 
;i>narrow  channel,  through  which  no'fliips 
can  venture;  but  the  inhabitants  pafs  it 
in  a  ftrry  boat.  Its  foil  is  equally  fertile, 
and  in  the  fame  productions  with  that  of 
^lartinico.  This  idand  was  taken  by  the 
Britilli  in  1759,  but  was  reflored  at  the 
treacy  of  peace  in  1 763.  It  was  taken  by 
tivc  fame  (jower  in  i  794,  but  was  retaken 
by  the  French  in  the  clofe  of  the  fame 
year.  Here  is  a  high  burning  mountain, 
vhich  abouudswith  fulphur,  and  fmoke 
ill'ucs  out  from  fundry  clefts  and  chinks. 
The  negroes  who  fell  brimflone  fetch  it 
from  this  mountain.  Many  years  ago 
thib  ifland  produced  46  million  pounds  of 
fngar,  Ji  millions  of  collee,  ,':J0,0CQ  of 
cotton,  and  8000  pounds  of  cocoa. 

Guayaquil,     See  Gtuiyaquil. 

Guiiiru,  a  bay  in  Terra  Tirma,  S.  Amer* 
ioa,  in  the  North  fea. 

Giiuitii,  a  SpauiOi  province  in  the  E  di- 
vilion  of  Paraguay,  in  !>.  America.  Its 
ci.-yis  Cividad  Real,  called  alfo  Guaira, 
and  Oiiveros. 

Giiamaliis,i  province  in  the  jurifdicSlion 
of  the  archbilhop  of  Lima,  in  S.  America, 
and  empire  oi.Peru,  begins  80  leagues  N 
E  of  Lima,  and  extends  along  the  center 
uf  the  C(;i'dillcra.    The  Indiau  iuhubit- 


ants  apply  thcmfelves  to   weaving,  and- 
making  a  great  variety  of  baizeii,  fergcs, 
and  other  ftufFs,  with   which  they  carry 
on    cunfidcrable    trade   with    the   other 
provinces. 

Guaman  Fillas,  a  jurifdiiSlion  under  the 
archbifliop  of  Lima,  7  leagues  from  (iua- 
manga.  It  is  highly  fertile,  abounding 
with  corn,  fruits,  pafiures,  cattle  in  great 
quantities,  and  all  manner  of  efcuknc 
vegetables.  The  Indiiins  here  arc  equally 
indudrious  as  thofc  abovemcitioned, 
making  baizes,  corded  (luff's,  &c.  which 
they  fend  to  Cufco  and  other  provinces. 

Gtiamiiiigii,  or  Guamanca,  or  St.  Juan  tls 
la  rittoria,n  c'lly  of  Peru,  about  60  leagues 
S  H  of  Lima,  and  having  Pifco  between  it 
and  the  fea.  It  was  founded  by  Pizarro. 
in  15  39«  The  houfes  are  all  of  ftonc,  cov- 
ered with  Hates.  There  arc  in  it  3  ele- 
gant churclurs,  feveral  convents,  and  a 
rich  luifpital ;  being  the  feat  of  a  biflmp, 
under  the  archbifliop  of  Lima,  the  feat  of  a 
governori  and  the  capital  of  a  fmall  prov- 
ince. T-heainis  wholtfomcand  temper- 
ate. The  foil  produces  wheat,  and  the 
meada>w3- breed  tmnterous  herds  of  cattk. 
There  arc  in  thu  province  mines  of  gold, 
fdvcr,  iron,  lead,  copper,  and  fulphur. 
The  famous  quickfilver  mines  of  Guau- 
cavelica  are  9  or  to  leagues  from  this 
city.     S  lat.  la  30,  W  Ion.  7»  36. 

Guanahiiniy  or  St,  Salvadirc,  See  Cji 
jpnd. 

Guana  Pat/z/a,  avolcanoiiear  Arequipa, 
in  the  valley  of  Quiica,  in  S.  America, 
^nd  empire  of  Peru  ;  whofe  eruption, 
aiUflcd  by  an  earthquake,  laid  Arequipa 
in  ruins  in  1600. 

Guancha  lidica,  z  jurifdidlion  fubject  to 
the  archbifliop  of  Lima,'iu  Peru,  30  leagues  • 
N  of  the  city  of  Guamanga  ;  has  very  rich 
qtiickfdver  mines,  but  otherwife  very  bar- 
ren.    See  Guaiisiiiiielicii. 

Gutir.il'uco,  a  port  or  harbour  in  Peru.S. 
America,  about  4  leagues  N  of  'I'ruxillo, 
aucLthe  channel  of  its  maritime  commerce, 
fituated  in4i  6  S  lat.  in  the  south  fea. 

Giianta,  a  jurif''"  /""on  N  N  W  of  Gua- 
manga, 4  leagL  ' ,  in.  ihe  empire  of  Peru  ; 
under  the  archbifliop  of  Lima.     Its  lich^ 
filvcr  mines  arc  nearly  exhaufted. 

Guaiiaai'tlica,  or  Guancavdlica.,  a  town  of 
Peru,  in  S.  America,  and  in  the  audience 
of  Lima.  It  is  rich,  and  abounds  in  mines 
of  quickfilver  ;  120  miles  N  E  of  Pifco, 
and  175  S  E  of  Lima.  S  lat.  13,  W  loii. 
88  30.  The  famous  quickfilver  mine* 
called    Guanxavelica,  or  El  AJJ'iento  ik  Oro- 

pefo^  uot  far  from  the  ubuvc  town,  nr;"" 

thj 


tJUX 


GUA 


flie  city  of  Oropefo,  were  difcovered  by 
the  Spaniards  in  1566,  and  produce  an- 
nually a  million  pounds  of  quirkfilver, 
which  in  tranfpurtcd  byi  land  to  Lima, 
afterwards  to  Aric.T,and  thence  to  Potofi, 
where  they  make  ule  of  it  to  melt  and 
retine  the  filver  ;  and  it  yields  to  the 
Spanifli  trcafury  40,000  ducat«  a  year, 
befide  other  emoluments.  The  qtiick- 
fdver  is  fouud  in  a  whitifli  mafs,  rtfcm- 
bling  brick  illy  burned.  Tiiis  lubflancc 
is  volatilized  by  fire,  and  received  in 
fteam  by  a  combination  of  glafs  veflbls, 
where  it  condcnfes  by  means  of  a  little 
water  at  the  bottom  of  each  vcfl'el,  and 
forms  a  pure  heavy  liquid. 

Guanuco,  or  Giianiifro,  a  city  and  the  cap- 
ital of  its  jurifdidlion,  in  the  archbiOiup- 
rickofLima,  in  Peru,  M-hieh  begins  40 
leagues  from  Lima.  It  was  a  ftttleme.it 
made  by  the  firft  ccmqflerors,  but  the  city 
is  now  in  a  mean  condition.  Several 
kinds  of  jellies  and  fwcetmcats  arc  made 
here,  and  fold  to  otiier  provinces.  It  is 
19%  miles  N  £  of  Lima.  S  lat.  10  'Si,  W 
Ion.  75  ao. 

Giiara,A  town  in  its  own  jurifdiiflion  on 
the  road  from  Truxillo  to  l.ima,  contain- 
ing about  200  houfet.  It  has  a  paridi 
church,  and  a  convent  of  Francilcans, 
furroundcd  by  fine  plantations,  and  de- 
lightful improvementD.  .At  the  S  end  of 
Guara  ftands  a  large  tower  with  a  gate, 
and  over  it  a  kitid  of  redoubt.  This 
tower  is  credled  before  a  ftone  bridge, 
under  which  runs  Guara  river.  It.lies-in 
S  lat.  II  ^i  36.  Not  far  from  this  town 
are  ftill  to  be  fees  a  great  many  ruinous 
remains  of  the  edifices  of  rlie  Yncas  or 
Incas  ;  fuch  as  walls  of  palaces,  large 
dykes,  by  the  fides  of  fpacious  highways, 
fortreffes,  and  caftle»,  ercvftcd  for  checking 
the  inroads  of  tiic  enemy. 

Guarc/jf,  a  jurifdidlion  6  leagues  E  of 
Lima,  in  Peru,  extends  itfclf  above  40 
leagues  along  tlic  Cordilleras,  abounding 
in  grain  and  fruits.  It  has  fomc  filver 
minesj  but  as  the  metal  is  indill'crcnt,  few 
are  ^vTought. 

Guaiico,  a  town  fituated  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo,  but  more 
commonly  called  Ca/xTran^ois ;  which  (ce. 

Giiarma,  a  maritinie  town  of  Peru,  in 
S,  America.     S  lat.  10  10,  W  Ion.  77  49. 

GiKirmoy,  a  fmnll  maritime  town  of  Pe- 
ru, in  S.  America.  It  is  the  rcfidence  of 
a  corregidorc  ;  has  a  good  haibour,  and 
lies  134  miles  N  W  of  Limi,  S  lat.  183  53. 

Ciittfjo,  a  river  of  Chili  in  S.  America. 

Giinjlaca,  or  Panuco,  (wiiich  fee)  a  prov- 


ince which  borders  on  New  Leon  and 
Mexico,  in  Avhich  province  are  grain, 
cochineal,  and  fomc  very  rich  filvtr  mines, 
AH  the  fliores  arc  low,  overflowed,  un- 
healthy, and  full  of  f.ilt  marilics. 

Guiit.ivitj,  a  lake  in  Terra  Tirma,  S. 
America,  near  the  city  ot  Sunta  Fe  dn  Bo- 
gota;  which  fee. 

Guittlmula,  Audience  and  Province  nf,  m 
New  Spain,  is  about  71:0  mik-sin  Itnjjtii, 
anil  450  in  hrcailth      li  is  bounded  on  the 
N  by  Chiapa  and  Vera  Pax  ;  on  tiie  S  and 
W  by  the  South  Sea,  and  on  the  E  by 
Honduras.      It    abounds    in    chocolate, 
whicli  they  make  ufcof  inOcad  of  money. 
It  has  I J  provinces  under  it,  and  the  n:i- 
tivc  Indians  profcfs  Chrifti-tnily  ;  but   it 
is  mixed  with  a  great  many  of  their  own 
fupcrflitions.     There  is,  a  great  chain  of 
high  mountains,  which  nms  acrofs  it  from 
E  to  \V,  and  it  is  fubjeft  t«  earthquake* 
and  ftorms.     Ir  is,  however,  very  Icrtile, 
i»nd  produces  great  quantities  of  choc- 
olate, cochineal,  cotton,  indigo,  honey, 
fome  balfam  and  woad.     The  merchan- 
dife  of  the  province  is  generally  convey- 
ed to  the  port  of  St.  Thomas  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  to  be  icnt  to  Europe.     The 
Wily  acrofs  this  province  to  tlie  South 
Sea  is  about  65  le.igucs,  and  is  the  next 
to  that   from   Vera   Cru?,  to  Acapulco. 
This    province  is  called  by  thp   Indians 
^atiumullac,  which  fignillcs  a   rotten  ttre. 
St.  Jago  de  Guatimala,  the  capital  city,  is 
fituated  in  a  valley,  through  the  midlt  of 
which  runs  a  river  between  two  burning 
mountains.     In  154 1  this  city  was  ruined 
by  a  dreadful  tempeft,  and. a  number  of 
the  inhabitants  were  buried  in  the  ruins. 
It  was  rebuilt  at  a  good  diftance  from  the 
volcano,  and   became  a  large  and   rich 
town,  with  a  bifliop's  fee,  and  an  univcr- 
fity  ;  but  it  was  fwallowed  up  by  an  earth- 
qrake  in  1 773.    It  contained  about  60,000 
inhabitants  of  all  colours,  and  was  im- 
menfcly  rich  ;  but  there  are  no  traces  of 
it  left.     The  lofs  was  valued  at  15  millions 
Herling ;  and  it  was  the  third  city  in  rank 
in   Spanifli   America.     In  this   dreadful 
earthquake   8000  families   inftantly  per- 
iflied.     New  Guatimala  is  built  at  fome 
diftance,is  wl:ll  inhabited,  and  cairies  on 
a  great  trade.     N  lat.  13  40, AV  Ion.  90  30. 

Gua-xaca,  a  province  in  the  audience  of 
Mexico,  in  New  .Spain,  N.  America,  and 
its  capital  city  of  the  Irimc  name.  It 
reaches  from  tlic  bay  of  Mexico  on  the 
N  to  the  South  Sea,  having  the  province 
of  Tlafcala  on  the  N  W,  and  thofe  of 
Chiapha  and  Tabafco  on  the  S  E.  It  ex- 
tends 


N^* 


lifif 


CUA 


GUA 


lends  nenrly  95  leagues  along  the  South 
Sea,  50  along  the  hay  of  Mexico,  and 
near  lao,  fay  fome,  along  the  confines  of 
Tlal'cala,  hut  not  ahovc  50  on  thofc  of 
Chiapa.  The  air  here  is  gouti,  and  the 
foil  fruitful,  cfpeciaily  in  mulberry  trees ; 
fo  that  it  produces  more  filk  than  any 
province  in  America.  £xcept  the  valley 
of  Guaxaca  (which  is  famous  for  giving 
the  title  of  Marques  del  Vallc  to  Ferdi- 
nand Cortex,  the  conqueror 'of  Mexico) 
the  grcated  part  is  mountainous,  yet 
abounding  with  wheat,  cattle,  fugar,  cot- 
ton, honey,  cocoa,  plantanes  and  other 
fruits.  It  has  rich  mines  of  gold,  filver, 
and  lead  ;  and  all  its  rivers  have  gold  in 
their  fands.  Callia,  cochineal,  crydal, 
and  copperas  abound  alfo  here.  Vanilla, 
a  drug,  ufed  as  a  perfume  to  give  choco- 
late a  flavour,  grows  plentifully  in  this 
province.  There  were  in  this  province 
I20  munadcries,  beQde  hofpitals,  fchools, 
and  other  places  of  public  charity,  150 
conflderable  towns,  befide  upwards  of 
300  villages.  But  now  the  province  is 
faid  to  be  thinly  inhabited. 

Guaxaca,  the  capital  of  the  lad  men- 
tioned province,  is  a  bifliop's  fee,  and  the 
refidence  of  a  governor.  It  lies  3,50  miles 
S  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  1 20  W  of  Spirito 
Santo,  and  132  S  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  of  Vera  Cruz,  in  the  delightful  valley 
of  Guaxaca,  which  is  40  miles  in  length 
and  10  iii  breadth  ;  and  on  the  road  lead- 
ing through  Chiapa  to  Guatim:ila.  .  This 
city  contains  a  very  {lately  cathedral,  and 
feveral  thoufand  families,  both  Spaniards 
and  Indians.  It  carries  01;  a  conflderable 
trade  with  the  North  and  South  Seas. 
The  river  is  not  fortified,  fo  that  it  lies 
open  to  invafion.  The  Creoliau  clergy 
here  are  bitter  enemies  to  the  Spanifli 
cleigy.  According  to  fome,  the  proper 
name  of  Guaxaca  is  Antiquera ;  but  this 
lad,  others  make  a  fcparate  town  and 
bifliop's  fee  alfo,  fituated  about  80  miles 
to  the  S  W.  It  is  faid  to  have  a  (lately 
cathedral,  adorned  with  many  large  and 
high  pillars  of  marble,  each  of  which  is 
one  entire  flone.  It  is  fituated  in  N  lat. 
17  45,  W  Ion.  100. 

Gujyulas,  a  province  and  jurifdidlion  in 
the  archbifliopric  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  S. 
America ;  extends  along  the  center  of  the 
Cordilleras,  begins  jO  leagues  N  N  E  of 
JLima ;  produces  grain,  fruits,  and  pafture 
for  cattle. 

Giiayma,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Paria,  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about 
1 75  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Calabtz»,  and  y$ 


S  of  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Pari*. 
Giiaya/fuit,  called  by  fome  Guiaquil,  by 
others  Gi/agaqiiil  »ad  Gunyuhil,  »  city,  hny, 
harbour,  and  river,  in  Peru,  S.  America. 
Guayaquil  city  is  the  fccond  of  Spanifli 
origm,  being  as  anient  as  1534  ;  is  fitu- 
ated  on  the  W  fide  of  the  river  Guayaquil, 
N  of  the  illand  of  Puna,  at  the  head  of 
the  bay,  and  about  i  j  j  miles  S  8  W  of 
Quito,  in  a  II  Slat.  79  17  W  Ion.  Civi- 
dad  Viega,  or  Old  Town,  was  its  firfl  fit- 
uation,  but  it  was  removed  about  a  quar- 
ter of  a  league  in  1693  by  Orellana;  and 
the  communication  over  the  great  ravins 
or  hollows  of  water,  pieferved  between 
the  old  and  new  towns  by  a  wooden 
bridge  of  half  a  quarter  of  a  league.  The 
city  is  about  2  miles  in  extent ;  is  defend- 
ed by  3  forts,  2  on  the  river  near  the  city, 
and  the  third  behind  it,  guarding  the  en- 
trance of  a  ravin.  The  churches,  con- 
vents and  houfes  are  of  wood.  It  con- 
tains about  18  or  20,000  inhabitants,  Eu- 
ropeans, Creoles  and  other  cafls ;  befide 
a  number  of  (trangers  drawn  hither  by 
commercial  interefts.  The  women  here 
are  famed  for  their  perfonal  charms,  po- 
lite manners,  and  elegant  drefs.  The  fait 
creek  here  abounds  with  lobftcrs  and  oy- 
fters  ;  but  the  fifli  in  the  neighbourhood 
are  not  cfteemed,  being  full  of  bones,  and 
unpalatable.  But  this  place  is  moft  noted 
for  a  fliell  fifli  called  turbine,  no  bigger 
than  a  nut,  which  produces  a  purple 
reckoned  to  exceed  all  others  in  the 
world,  and  to  vie  with  that  of  the  Tyri- 
an«.  It  is  called  the  purple  of  Punta,  a 
place  in  the  jurifdidtion  of  Guayaquil. 
With  this  valuable  and  fcarce  purple, 
they  die  the  threads  of  cotton,  ribbands, 
laces,  &c.  and  the  weight  and  colour  are 
faid  to  exceed  according  to  the  hours  of 
the  day  ;  fo  that  one  of  the  firfl  prelimi- 
naries to  a  contratSl  is  to  fettle  the  time 
when  it  fliall  be  weighed.  The  dye  is 
only  the  blood  of  the  fifli,  preflTec  out  by 
a  particular  procefs  ;  and  the  cotton  io 
dyed  is  called  by  way  of  eminence  caracal' 
lilo.  The  river  Guayaquil  is  the  channel 
of  its  commerce  ;  and  the  diflance  of  the 
navigable  part  of  it,  to  the  cuflom  houfe 
of  Babahoio  is  reckoned  about  24  leagues. 
The  commerce  of  this  place  is  confidera- 
ble ;  the  produdlions  of  the  country  alone 
form  the  moft  confiderable  part  of  it  5 
thefe  are  cocoa,  timber,  fait,  horned  cat- 
tle, mules,  and  colts  ;  Guinea  pepper, 
drugs,  and  lana  de  ceibo,  a  kind  of  wool, 
the  produdt  of  a  very  high  and  tufted 
tree  uf  that  name,  being  fiuer  than  cot- 
tup. 


GUI 


CUL 


ton.     It  u  ufcil  for  matraHcs  and  beds. 

Gi'iiyna,  a  town  in  the  interior  part  of 
Brazil  on  Parana  river,  a  fliorldiftauce  S 
of  the  tropic  of  Capricorn. 

Guiana,  a  large  country  of  S.  America, 
between  the:  rivers  Oroonoko  and  Ama- 
zon. The  leafoafl  's  partly  poflcflcd  by 
the  Dutch  and  french.  See  French  /Imeria, 
or  Cayenne  ;  and  D.tdi  /tmcriai,  or  Dutch 
Giiuina.  TIic  mi'fl  conlidtraHc  of  the  In- 
dian nations  of  Guiana  arc  the  Chat  ib- 
bccs,  tlic  Arvaques,  tlie  Vaos,  and  tlic 
Galibis.  'I'hife  are  well  proportiontc!, 
for  the  molt  pai't,  are  fwarthy,  and  go 
naked.  The  Charaibes,  or  Carihbies, 
are  entcrpriling,  and  fo  cautious  of  fur- 
prile,  that  they  poll  o\it};uaids  and  centi- 
nels  with  as  much  care  and  art  as  tlic 
Europeans.  The)-  arc  faid  to  liave  been 
formerly  cannibals.  The  Galilns  are  more 
addicted  t«)  peace  ;  they  manufacture 
hammocks  and  cotton  beds,  and  are  very 
ingenious.  Such  as  are  near  the  liurope- 
ans  have  learnt  to  handle  firearms.  The 
Charaibes  in  the  W.  bidics  are  tliought 
to  derive  their  origin  from  tlitl'e  nations. 
The  Charc"'bc8  of  Guiana  ftill  fondly  cher- 
ifli  the  tradition  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's 
alliance;  and  to  this  day  prefervc  the 
Euglifli  colours  which  he  left  with  them 
at  parting,  about  200  years  iincc. 

Guiandot,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
rifes  in  the  Cumberland  mountain,  and 
running  a  N  by  W  courfc  about  80  miles, 
falls  into  the  Ohio  R.  about  .^4  miles  be- 
low the  Great  Kanhawuy.  It  is  faid  to 
be  60  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  as 
inany  miles  navigable  for  canoes. 

Giiiara,  La,  corruptly  called  Lerruhn,  a 
town  of  Terra  Firnia,  on  the  Caracoa 
coafl.  Its  harbour  is  ai a  miles  E  of  Mar- 
acaibo,  where,  in  the  years  1739  '^'^^ 
1 743,  the  Britifli  were  twice  repullcd,and 
loll  fome  men  in  attacking  this  place.  S 
ht.  10  39,  W  Ion.  (id  I. 

CuildhaUf  a  townibip  in  Eflex  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  Connecticut  river,  and  contains 
S96  inhabitants.  It  is  uppofttc  the  mouth 
of  Ifrael  river. 

Guilford,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  1343  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  W  bank  of  Connedtirut 
river,  and  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  Aflui- 
clot  river.  It  has  Hinfdale  on  the  S  E, 
and  the  ftatc  of  Maflachufetts  on  the  S, 
and  contains  22.56  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  a  port  town  of  ConnecSticut,  in 
New  Haven  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Long  I. 
Sound,  about  18  miles  £  by  S  of  New 


Haven  city.  The  townibip  is  large,  id 
is  divided  into  5  parilbes,  and  was  fettled 
ill  1639.  It  was  called  AT.nunciiuci  by 
the  Indians.     It  h:is  ;;(\oi  inhnbitants. 

Gailfonl  Cn.  in  Salifliiiry  <lifiri(5t;  N.  Car- 
olina, is  bounded  E  by  Orange,  W  hf 
Rowan,  S  by  Rockinghiiiu  co.  and  N  by 
Virginia.  It  is  noted  for  the  entcnfivc 
and  rich  trarts  called  New  Caiden,  Cuf- 
falnc  anfl  Deep  river  lands.  It  contains 
9442  iiili.d»itants,  intliifive  of  9OJ  flavci. 
Chief  town,  Martiuviiie. 

G.iUfui-J  Court  Hoifr.  Sec  Miirtiiiville, 
It  is  on  the  pofl  mud  from  ll.difax  10 
!-alifl7ury,  48  milts  S  W  of  Hil!{l)or.iu<;h, 
and  (>\  c.iltward  of  balilbury. 

G'inel,nr  Givymii'd, mow nihi\t  in  Mont- 
goniLry  co.  Pcuufylvunia,  has  906  inhab- 
icaius. 

Ghlf  of  P'orid.T,  or  A'ftt'  Ji.ihaw.i  Ciannirf, 
is  bi)undcd  W  by  the  pcninliila  of  E. 
Florida,  I',  by  the  B^Iiiima  illands.  It  in 
generally  ahout  40  miles  wide,  and  ex- 
tends from  the  2jth  to  the  aStb  degree 
of  N  latitude. 

Giif  Stream.  This  remarkable  phe- 
nomenon is  a  current  in  the  ocean,  which 
runs  along  the  coaft,  at  unequal  diftances 
from  Cape  Florida  to  the  Illc  of  Sabk« 
and  the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  where 
it  turns  off  and  runs  down  through  the 
Weftern  idands  ;  thence  to  the  roafl  of 
Africa,  and  along  that  eoaft  in  a  fouthtrn 
dire«ftion,  till  it  arrives  at,  and  fnppHcs 
the  place  of  thofe  wateri;  carried  by  the 
eouQant  trade  winds  from  the  coai't  of 
Africa  towards  the  W,  thus  producin^;;  a 
conflaut  circulating  current.  This  ftreaiit 
is  about  75  miles  from  the  fjiorcs  of  the 
foulhcrn  (latcs,  and  tlie  difljiiice  incrcafes 
as  you  proceed  northward.  The  widtli 
of  it  is  ahout  40  or  50  miles,  widening 
towards  the  N.  Its  common  rapidity  i» 
three  miles  an  hour.  A  N  E  wind  nar- 
rows the  ftream,  renders  it  more  rapid^ 
and  drives  it  nearer  the  coaft  N  W  and 
W  winds  have  a  contrary  effcdt.  The 
Gulf  Stream  is  fuppofcd  to  be  occafiontd 
by  the  trade  winds  that  are  cooflantly 
driving  the  water  to  the  weflward,  which 
being  comprcfTed  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
finds  a  pafTage  between  Florida  and  the 
Bahama  illands,  and  runs  to  the  N  E  along 
the  American  coaft.  "i'his  hypothcfis  it 
confirmed  by  another  fact :  It  is  faid  that 
the  water  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  many 
yards  higher  than  on  the  weftern  fide  of 
the  continent  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  i« 
highly  probable  that  the  fand  carried 
down  by  great  rivers  into  bays,  and  the 

current 


li'  11?'-'  Jl"4' 


I 'Iff! 
H  :|  '.f  ti' '; 


H  ■:&■ 


HAC 


HAG 


i# 


^Ttrrent  out  of  thefe  bays  mprting  with 
iihc  Gulf  Stream,  by  their  eddies,  have 
'formed  Nantucket  Slioals,  Cape  Cod, 
'<;eor;ic'»  Bank,  the  Kland  of  Sable,  &e. 
.Skilful  navigators,  who  have  ae(|uired  a 
•kn(>wle<lj;c  of  the  extent  to  which  this 
Aream  reaches  on  the  New  lin;;land  coaft, 
•have  Icariit,  in  ihcir  voyages  (torn  Jiurope 
-to  New  England,  New  York,  or  Pennlyl- 
vania,  to  paf»  the  banks  of  Newfoundland 
.<in  about  44  or  4.^  N  lat.  to  fail  tin  nee  in 
a  courfc  between  the  northern  cdjje  of 
.the  Gulf  Stream,  and  the  Ihoals  and  banks 
,ni'  Sable  bland,  Gcorjje's  P.tnk,  and  Nan- 
tucket, by  which  they  make  better  and 
^quicker  voyages  to  America. 

Giiti/iori'Jer,  a  river  of  thr  weflcrn  flinre 
.of  Maryland,  whoft  chief  branches  unite 
a  little  above  Joppa,  and  empty  into 
Chefapeak  bay,  :ibo«t  iz  miles  above 
•Patapfco  river.  It  i«  navigable  only  a 
few  miles,  by  reafon  of  falls. 

Giiiif>oti"/fr  Neck,  near  the  head  of  Chef- 
apeak bay,  is  a  curious  peninfula  formed 
•by  Guupt)wder  river  and  Bufl^'river. 

Gurnet,  The,     See  DiixLoreiigb. 

Guyjhorou^h,  or  Manchejlcr,  a  townfllip 
-jn  Nova  Scotia,  on  Chedabutflo  bay,  lo 
leagues  N  W  of  Cape  Canfo  and  40 
■leagues  ciftward  of  Halifuc,  contained 
450  families  in  178.3. 

<ru'illimbuyy  toivnjb'ip,  in  the  homc  dlf- 
.triift,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  lake  Simroe, 
«vl>ere  Yoii^e  ftrcct  meets  Hollands  river. 

Smyth. 


Ha 


,H 


I A  Braga,  formerly  called  :Fort  Dau- 

fhin,  a  fort  in  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Hatha,  Rio  de  la,  or  La  Hacha,  a  prov- 
.ince,  its  chief  town,  and  a  river,  in  Terra 
Firma  or  Caftile  del  Oro,  in  S.  America. 
The  province  is  furrounded  on  two  fides 
by  the  ocean,  viz.  on  the  N  and  N  W, 
and  on  the  third  eaftward  by  the  gulf  of 
Venezuela.  I'he  town  is  iituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  on  its  W  fide,  on 
a  little  hill  about  a  mile  from  the  fea. 
The  foil  about  it  is  very  rich,  and  abounds 
with  productions  common  to  the  climate, 
.alfo  European  plants  and  fruits  ;  well 
i'upplied  with  fait  fprings,  veins  of  gold, 
and  fome  gems  of  great  value.  The  har- 
bour is  none  of  the  beft,  being  ejpofed  to 
the  N  winds.  It  is  about  8  leagues  from 
New  Salamanca,  and  18  from  Cape  Vela, 
N  by  £,  and  246  miles  £  of  Carthagena. 
Here  the  Spaniili  galleons  touch  at  iheir 
arrival  iu  b.  America,  from  whence  ex- 


prcfTcs  arc  fent  to  all  the  fcttlemcnts,  to 
give  them  notice  of  it.  In  1595  it  \vg« 
lurprifed  and  facked  by  Sir  Francis  Drake. 
N  lat.  II  30,  W  Ion.  7a. 

Iliickttjloiuii,  a  fmall  port  town  in  SufTcx 
CO.  N.  jirlvy,  on  the  N  W  lide  of  Miil- 
conccunk  '■ivlt.  It  is  abciyt  3  miles  nbovr 
the  mineral  fpring  near  Rov.hury.  on  the 
oppofit'j  fiJe  of  the  river,  74  mili-s  W  by 
N  ol  Morriflown,  16  S  W  by  \V  of  i^iif- 
fcx  c<iurt  hflufc,  and  I20  N  N  £  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

HncHiipcl,  a  river  of  N.  Jcrfcy,  which 
riles  in  N.  York,  and  runs  a  I'outherly 
Cdurfe  4  or  5  miL-s  W  of  Hudfon  river. 
It  unites  with  Palfaic  river  at  the  head  of 
Newark  bay,  and  is  mvigable  about  15 
miles. 

Haek'mfith,  the  chit(  fiiid  pod  town  in 
Bergen  co.  N  Jerfcy,is  fuuated  near  the  W 
bank  of  the  above  rivtr,  ao  miles  N  W  of 
N.  York  city.  The  inhabitants  aie  moflly 
Dutch.  I'he  houfes  are  chiefly  built  of 
(lone,  in  the  old  Dutch  tafte.  Here  are 
4  public  buildings,  a  Dutch  and  Epifcopat 
church,  a  court  houfe,  and  a  flouriflting 
academy.  The  people,  who  are  moftly 
farmc's.  carry  their  produce  to  N.  York. 

Mac  Urn,  a  pod  town  of  Connedlicut, 
the  fecnnd  i.i  rank  in  Middlefex  co.  on 
the  W  fide  of  Connefticut  river,  18  or  20 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  10  miles  S  E 
of  the  city  of  Middletown,  containing 
1.107  -inhabitants.  This  townfhip,  in- 
cluding Eafl  -Haddam,  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  the  river,  was  purchafed  of  the 
Indians,  May  aoth,  i66a.  A  fpot  in  Eaft 
Haddam  was  famous  for  Indian  Fawawt, 
and  was  fubjedt  for  many  years  to  earth- 
quakes and  various  noifes,  which  the  firfl 
fettlers  attributed  to  thefe  Pa-watos.  An 
old  Indian  being  alked  what  was  the  rea- 
fon of  fuch  noifes  in  this  place  ?  anfwer- 
ed, "  The  -IiKlian's  God  was  very  angry 
becaufe  the  Englifhmcn's  God  came  here." 
Thefe  noifes  are  now  frequently  heard. 

HadJonfeld,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  Glou- 
cefter.co.  N.  Jfrfey,  9  miJes  S  E  by  E  of 
Philadelphia,  and  17  from  Burlington. 

Hadley,  a  pleafant  poft  town  in  Hamp- 
fliire  CO.  Maflaehufetts,  lying  on  the  F, 
fide  of  ConnccElieut  river,  nearly  oppofite 
Northampton,  20  miles  N  of  Sprinj^field, 
and  97  Wof  Bofton.  'I'he  town  conliftsof 
two  long  fpacious  ftreets,  which  run  par- 
allel with  each  otlier,  and  with  the  river. 
The  townfllip  contains  1073  inhabitants. 

Hngarfloiun,  now  called  Elizabeth  Totvn  : 
which  fee.      It  has  a  confiderable  trade 
with  the  wcftern  country,  and  has  be- 
tween 


HAL 


IJTA  L 


lUS,  to 
t  waa 
)rakc, 

SufTcx 
M^l^ 

on  ilic 
Wl)jr 
f  Sul- 
Phila- 


nliich 

tlierly 

river. 

c«cl  of 

joiit  15 


lireen  a  and  300  hourcs.  It  is  flttiat* 
eil  in  Wafliington  to.  Muryl.-iiKl  ;  is  a 
jwll  town,  2(>  miles  N  W  ot  Frederick- 
town,  73  N  W  liy  W  ot  Baltimore,  and 
21 8  by  \V  oi  Chamberlburg  in  Pcnni'yl- 
vania. 

Ilallut  Point,  the  N  E  point  of  Cape 
Anne,  iu  M.-irachulctts. 

Hiilr\Jhii>f^,!i  polt  town,  Lunenburg  cu. 
Virginia,  a;^.?  miles  from  Wafhington. 

HalJ  Maun,  an  cxtcnlive  townlhip  in 
Albany  CO.  N.  York.  It  contains  3851 
inhabitants.  lf^i!ti-r/orJ,n  neatj  compaiil, 
thriving  village,  ot  about  80  or  iCO  houfes, 
a  miles  £  N  li  ot  the  Cohocz,  and  la 
hbIcs  N  of  Albany,  on  tiio  N  bank  of  the 
moft  northerly  branch  of  Mohawk  river, 
and  on  the  Wbank  of  the  Hudfou,  is  flt- 
uated  in  t}iis  townfliip. 

HiiUiman  Cave,  in  U.  Canada,  is  a  little 
to  the  caftward  of  Kingflown  harbour, 
and  made  by  the  points  Fredrick  and 
Henry.  On  the  W  fide  of  tlie  Cove  i? 
the  king's  dockyard,  and  proviiiens,  (lores, 
wharf,  &c.  Swylb. 

Haldiman  Townjbifr,  in'the  CO.  of  Norths 
umberland,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Cramaiie,  aad  fronts  lake  Ontario.    Smyth. 

Halifax,  a  00.  in  the  eaftom  pari? of  the 
Britifh  proivince  of  Nova  Scotia.  It  con- 
tains Halifax,  the  capitat ;  the  tcwnfliips 
of  Londonderry,  Truro,  Onflow,  Colchel- 
ter,  Lawrence,  Southampton,  Canfo,  and 
Tinmouth.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
Irilli,  Scotch  and  New  Englanders.  It 
has  numerous  bays,  and  rivers ;  the  chief 
of  the  latter  are  Shabbennacadie,'  which 
is  a  boatable  river,  the  Petitcodiac,  Mem- 
ramcook,  &c.    See  Nrva  Scotia. 

Halifax,  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Nova  Scotia,  in  the  co.  of  its  name,  was 
fettled  by  a  number  of  Britifli  fuhje<fls 
in  1749.  It  is  Htuated  on-a  fpaciousand 
commodious  bay  or  harbour,  called  Che- 
budlo,  of  a  bold  and  cafy  entrance,  where 
a  thoufand  of  the  largeft  fliips  might 
ride  with  great  convenience  ami  fafety. 
The  town  is  built  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
barbour,on  the. declivity  of  a  command- 
ing hill,  whofe:  fummit  is  236  feet  perpen- 
dicular froiii  the  level  of  die  fea.  The 
town  is  laid  out  into  oblong  fquarcs  ;  the 
ftreets  parallel  and  at  right  angles.  The 
town  and  fuburbs  are  about  two  miles  in 
length ;  and  the  general  width  a  quarter 
•fa  mile.  It  contained,  in  1793,  about 
4000  inhabitants  and  700  houfes.  At 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  towrn,  is 
tlie  king's  naval  yard,  completely  built 
«ad  fupplied  witn  ilorat  ol  every  kiiid 


for  the  royal  navy.  The  harbour  of*-' 
Halifax  is  reckoned  interior  to  no  placu 
in  hritilh  America  for  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment, being  open  and  accclliblc  at  M 
ieatbnsofthe  year,  when  alniuU  all  other 
harbours  in  thefe  provinces  are  locked' 
up  with  ice  :  alio  from  its  entrance,  fitua- 
tion  and  its  proximity  to  the  bay  of 
I'ltndy,  and  princip  il  interior  fcttlcmentH' 
of  the  pnivince.  'I'liiscity  lying  on  the 
S  coall  of  Nova  Scotia,  hasconnnunication 
with  Pictou,  68  mile:,  to  the  N  K  on  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  by  a  good  cart 
road,  finrthcd  in  1792.  It  is  la  mile* 
northerly  of  Cape  Sambro,  which  fonr.* 
iu  part  the  entrance  of  the  bay  ;  27  S 
eaflerly  of  Windfor,  40  N  by  E  of 
Truro,  80  N  E  by  E  of  Annapolis  on  the 
bayof  Fundy,  and  157  S  E  of  St.  Ann,, 
in  N.  Brunfwick,  mtafuring  in  a  flraight 
line.      N  lat.  44  .|0,  W  Ion.  63  15. 

Halifax,  a  fort  in  the  town  of  Window, 
inKennebeck  co.  Maine,  cretSted  by  order 
of  Govcrm)r  Shirley,  in  1754.  It  (landtt 
on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Seballacook  with  the  Ken- 
nebeck,  30  miles  below  .Sandy  K. 

Half  IX,  a  townlliip  in  VV'indham  co« 
Vermont,  23  miles  E  by  S  of  Bennington^ 
has  Marlborough  on  the  N,  and  the  Mal- 
I'achul'etts  Hav  S.  It  contains  1^00  in- 
habitants. 

Halifax,  a  townfliip  in  Plymouth  co, 
Maflachufett*,  35  miles  S  E  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1734,  and  contains 
642  inhabitants. 

Halfax,  a  village  on  the  E  fide  of 
Sufquehannah  R.  in  Dauphin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  13  mil^s  N  of  Harrifburg,  Here 
is  a  pod  office. 

Halifax,  one  of  the  middle  diftridls  of 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the    fhite  of  • 
Virginia,   E   by  Edenton   diftridl,  W  by 
Hilliborough,  and  S  by  Newbern.      It  ia- 
divided  into  7    counties,  viz.  Northamp- 
ton, Halifax,  Martin,  Edgcomb,  \Varren»  • 
Franklin,     and     Nafli,    which    contain- 
69,136  inhabitants,including  31,445  flaves.  • 
Belide   fmaller     dreams,   the     Roanoke 
paffes  through  this  diftri»Sl  in  a  S  E  courier 
and  the  Pamplico  has    its  fource  in   it. 
Chief  town,  Halifax.      The  foil  is  pro- 
dudtJve,  and  the  people  live  in  eafe  and 
plenty;  but  almod  half  of  them  are  llaves>  - 

Halifax,  a  CO.  of  the  above  diltri«Sb, 
bounded  N  by  Northampton,  S  by  Edg-  • 
comb,  E  by  Bertie,  and  W  by  Warren. 
It  contains  13,563  inhabitants,  of  whom 
70Z0  or  more  than  half  arc  in  flavery< 
Chief  towo,  Halifaxi 


m-kn 


ii  •<>!?¥;  i' 


HAM 


HAM 


It.iVfutf  tlic  chief  and  port  town  of  i 
tlic  atiuvc  CO.  is  [>lv:iratuly  tituHtfil  on  the  | 
WeftiTii  hniik  (it  tliu  Kounokc,  about  fii 
SiilcD  below  tlie  tulU,  regularly  laid  out, 
■nd  belidc  dwelling  huui'utt,  Iihn  a  court 
lioui'v  and  gaol.  It  is  j6  niilc^i  N  of  I'ar- 
tN>ruug!i,  %i>  mtleh  from  iiicitville  court 
houlc,  147  N  li  of  Faycttcvillf,  75  S  by 
■W  of  I'f  terfbur;;,  Virginia,  and  383  S  W 
by  S  of  Philadelphia.      N  lat.  36  13. 

Halifax,  a  CO.  \\\  Virginia,  bordering  on 
the  (late  of  N.  Carolina.  It  is  about  4} 
ttiilea  long  and  39  broad,  and  contains 
11,466  free  inlial>itant»,  and  7(>>i  llavcH. 
A  port  oifice  i !  kept  at  the  court  houle, 
414  miles  Iront  I'hiladelphia. 

NaH.jm,i\  townfliip  in  Vork  Co.  Penn- 
f\-fvani:i,has  looo  inliabitants. 

Hall-jivJl,  a  flourilhing  poll  town, 
Maine,  Kennelieck  co.  fituated  in  N  lat. 
44  16,  .It  the  he.id  of  the  tide  waters  on 
tlie  W  lide  of  Keunebcck  R.  An  academy 
n  cAablilhed  here  with  a  cOiiliderable 
fund  in  landb.  The  court  houle  is  la 
mites  .S  by  W  of  Vaflalborough,  30  N  by 
Wof  Wifcafl*ct,40  N  E  of  New  Oloucefter, 
and  19J  N  by  E  of  Boflon.  Halkivfll 
Hook  lies  on  the  fame  fide  of  the  river, 
three  miles  below  the  town,  and  live  N 
ef  Pittfton.  'I'liL'  whole  towi;fliip,  which 
is  intcritti^ed  nearly  in  its  center  by  Ken- 
aebeck  river,  contains  1364  inhabitants. 
HilloivM  'Tnvnjh'p,  in  the  co.  of  Prince 
fdward,  U.  Canada,  he»  at  the  font  hern 
part  of  the  co.  open   tu  lake    Ontario. 

Smytb. 
HamhaiOf  a  principal  affiento,  or  jurif- 
tfi«flion  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in  Peru. 
It  is  fituated  in  i  41  S  lat.  and  12  miles 
W  of  the  city  of  Quito  ;  and  has  6  fin  all 
vtllageii  in  its  dependence.  It  contains 
alxnit  18,000  inhabitants,  who  are  moftly 
employed  in  weaving  ftufls,  and  in 
knitting. 

Hamburg,  a  fmall  port  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
»8  miles  from  Golhen  in  N.  York,  and  30 
from  Newtown  or  Suflex  court  houfe. 

Hamburg,  a  handfome  port  town  in 
Bt-rke's  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Schuylkill.  Here  are  about  50  or  60 
koufes,  A  German  Lutheran  and  C.ilvin- 
ift  church,  united.  It  is  18  miles  N  by  \V 
of  Reading,  and  70  N  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia.     N.'lat.  40  34>  W  Ion.  76. 

Himdin,  A  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  river,  oppo- 
site Orington,  and  has  Bangor  on  the  N. 
The  river  is  navigable  to  this  town  for 
■vdTels  of  any  fize.  It  is  a  thriving  place 
«f  cuoUdcrable  trade,  34  nule»  nurtlierly 


frrmi  C.ifline,  and  about  40  N  V.  from 
VVifcairitt. 

HamJen,  a  townlliip  in  New  Havc«n  co. 
Connedlicut,  about  ci^ht  milcn  Net  New 
Haven.      It  has  1482  itiliabitatits 

Ha/nilloii,  n  pofl  town  of  I'.llfx  >-(>.  Maf- 
fachulctts,  4  milfjs  .S  of  Ipfwich,  16  N  E 
from  lluflun,  506  N  K  frt.tn  VVathiiigton, 
containing  74;;  inh:ibitan(j). 

Htmill'iii,  a  cape  on  the  N  end  of  New- 
foundland llland. 

Hcimilton.  There  arc  tlirt^e  townfliipj 
of  thib  name  in  I'enniylv.niia  ;  inc  in  c.nli 
of  the  counties  of  York,  I'ranklin,  and 
Northampton. 

Hamilton,  a  fitttlemcnt  in  Vermont,  on 
the  Canada  line. 

Hamilton,  a  port  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.  York,  ao  miles  S  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  a 
level  towntliip  of  good  land,  faft  fettling. 
Orifice  or  Olhilke  creuk,  a  water  of 
Mohawk,  and  Chemung,  a  water  of  Suf- 
'luehannah,  rife  in  this  towiifliip.  It  has 
4673  inhiibitants. 

Hamilton,  a  town  in  Albany  co.  N.  York, 
and  has  itsprefent  name  in  honor  of  that 
great  patron  of  American  manufiiclurcs, 
Alexander   Hamilton,  V.k\.  late  fecrctary 
of  the  treafury  of  the  United  State*.     It 
lies  iG  miles  W  of  Albany,  a  miles  from 
the  Schene(n:;uly  road  ;  and  is  one  of  the 
mofl  dccifive  efforts  of  pri late  enterprifc 
in  the  maiiufacSlurir.g  line,  yet  exhibited 
in  the  United  .States.     'I'lin  gLfs  manufac* 
tory  is  now  fo  well   efiablillied,  and  fo 
happily   fituated  for  tlic    lupply  of  the 
northern  and  wcftern  parts  of  the  ftate 
of  N.  York,  as  well  as  Vermont  and  Can- 
ada, that  it  is  to  be  expcdlcd  the  propri- 
etors will  be  amply   rewarded  for  their 
great  and  expenfive  exertion*.     The  glaft 
is  in  good  reputation.     Here  are  two  glaf» 
houfes,  and  various  other  buildings,  curi- 
ous   hydraulic   works    to   fave    manual 
labour,  by  the  help  of  machinery.     A  co- 
pious dream  runs  through  the  heart  of 
the  fettlcment  which  lies  high ;  and  being 
fiirrounded  bv  pine  plain°,the  air  is  high- 
ly fiilubrious.     The  great  Schoharie  road 
traverfes  the  fettlement.     Here  are  a  fpa- 
cious  I'chool  houfe,  and  a  church  of  an 
oJlagon  form.     In  the  neighbourhood  of 
thei'c  glafs  worlu,  a  block  was  cut  out  of 
an  ancient  tree,  not  many  years  ago,  con- 
taining evident  marks  of  an  axe  or  fijme 
edge  tool,  made  i8j  years  ago,  determined 
according  to  the  ufual  and  certain  mode 
of  afircrtaining  the   age  of  trees.      The 
block  is  preferved  in  Albany  as  a  curiofi- 
ty.     Henry  Hudfoa  afceuded  the  river 


which  bcsrs  his  n: 
ill  the  autunm  of  1 
tiicfe  marks  were 
uf  his  men. 

lluititton    Ford, 
niillot'k'H  creok  in 
the  rout  purfiied 
defeat  at  Cowpeii 

Hainllloii  Bun,  a 
Pennfylvania.  O 
mount:iin,in  the  ' 
found  gold,  filver, 

Ha'aHlnnDiJliii'l 

fo  called  in  honor 
I'lfij.  is  (itu.itcd  (111 
(Ion  and  Clinch ; 
K.  and  feparatcc 
the  W  by  an  ui 
contains  the  cuui 
Blount,  .Sevier,  G 
has  37,836  inhabi 

Hamilton,  a  COU 
cdjan.  a,  1790," 
of  the  Ohio  R.  i 
Little  Miami ;  an 
to  the  mouth  of 
faid  Miami  to  tlu 
or  branch  ot  faid 
a  line  to  be  dr: 
Miami,  anddowr 
the  place  of  b 
14,69:^  inhabitan 

Hamilton,  Fort, 
the  Great  Miam 
miles  S  of  Fort  St 
cinnati.     It  is  a 
containing  200  n 
advantageous  fo 
the  eye.     It  is  b 
of  land,  comma 
N  W,  and  a  prai 
the  N  E,  aboui 
long.     The  foil 
may  be  obtainet 
natural  grafs. 

Hamilton,  a  pc 

Hamilton  toi 
Northuniberlanc 
weftward  of  Ha 
tario  in  front,  ai 

Ha),:rr.cVs  Toix 

fylvania,  5  miU 
and  85  from  PI 
German  churcl 
honfcs. 

Hampden,    a 
Maine,  754  mih 

Hampden  Sydn 
ivarj  County,  V. 

Vol.  I. 


HAM 


HAM 


]| 


vrhich  bcirs  h!s  name,  m  high  as  Alltany, 
ill  the  itiituinn  of  ift  xj,  i)  \  yuan  ago,  uud 
tlici'e  n>arl(»  wt-rc  probalily  iiuulc  by  I'uiiic 
of  hia  men. 

JLrtilion  Far  J,  lies  near  the  mouth  of 
niilloi  k'H  cruuk  ill  N.  Carolii).(.  'i'liiit  w;i« 
the  rout  piirfuoil  by  'rarlcton,  alter  lii» 
defeat  at  Cowpcns,  m  January,  1781. 

Hamltluii  Ban,  A  tuwiiniip  ot'Ad.tll1$  CO. 
Peiinfylvania.  On  ilie  K  fiilc  uf  .Soiiili 
mount  lin,  in  the  VV  part  ot  the  town,  are 
found  tjoIJ,  tilvcr,  copper  aiul  iron. 

Ha'aHtonDiJliWithi  the  ftate  of  IVnudtf, 
fo  called  in  honor  of  .Alexander  llaiiiiiion, 
I'lfq.is  fituatcd  on  the  w.itcrs  of  the  Hol- 
ilou  and  Clinch;  bounded  S  by '1  encllcc 
K.  ami  feparated  from  Mcro  diftiict  on 
the  W  by  an  uninhabited  country.  It 
contains  the  counties  uf  Ivnox,  Jelleribn, 
lilount,  Sevier,  Grainwer,  aiul  Cocke,  and 
has  37,836  inhabitants,  2996  arc  (laves. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  Ohio  ftaie,  ere«5t- 
cd  Jan.  a,  1790,"  bet'lnninj;  on  the  bank 
of  the  Ohio  R.  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Little  Miami ;  and  down  the  faid  Ohio  R. 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Bi{(  Miami,  and  up 
faid  Miami  to  the  Standing  iStone,  I'orks, 
or  branch  of  faid  river  ;  and  thence  with 
a  line  to  be  drawn  due  E  to  the  Little 
Miami,  and  down  faid  Little  Miami  R.  to 
the  place  of  beginning."  It  contains 
X4,6(/2  inhabitants. 

Hjmllion,  Fiirt,  (lands  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  Great  Miami,  in  the  flate  of  Ohio ;  25 
miles  S  of  Fort  St.  Clair,  and  aj  N  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  a  fliockaded  fort,  capable  tif 
containing  aoo  men.  The  fituatiun  is  as 
advantageous  for  defence  as  pleaiing  to 
the  eye.  It  is  built  upon  a  narrow  neck 
of  land,  commanding  the  Miami  on  the 
N  W,  and  ;i  praire  and  rtieet  of  water  on 
the  N  E,  about  a  mile  wide,  and  aj  miles 
long.  The  foil  near  it  is  rich ;  and  forage 
may  be  obtained  by  repeated  mowings  of 
natural  grafs. 

Haviihoii,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda  Iflands. 

Hamilton  Toivnjhip,  in  the  COUUty  of 
Northumberland,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the 
wcftward  of  Haldimand,  having  lake  On- 
tario in  front,  and  Rice  lake  in  the  rear 

Smyth, 

Hummers  Toivii,  in  Dauphine  co.  Pcun- 
fylvania,  5  miles  from  Sulquchanna  R. 
and  85  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
German  church,  and,  about  35  dwelling 
hoiifcs. 

Hctmpden,  a  poll  town,  '  (ancock  co. 
Maine,  754  miles  N  £  fror    Valhington. 

Hampden  Sydney    College,     Sc<;  J'rimc  £tl- 
tvarJ  County,  f^ir^inij. 
Vol.  I.  C  c 


Miimfijl'iri,  an  vxtcnfive,  populous  anil 
wealthy  county  in  Maliacliulelts,  nude;* 
lliirc  ill  1/161.  It  is  in  many  p.'.rts  niuiin- 
tainous  and  hilly,  and  cxtind'i  acnilt  tliw 
flute  from  N  to  S ;  bouinled  N  by  tl>« 
ILitt'itof  N.  Ihiiiiplliire  and  V'».'riuont,  S  by- 
the  ftate  "I  Connetiliciit,  E  by  Wortcflcf 
CO.  and  W  by  HcrkHure.  It  contains  6i 
townlhips,  and  71,432  iiiliabitaiits.  Iti 
princip.tl  towns  lie  on  both  tides  of  Con- 
necticut river,  which  interleilU  it  fiom  N 
to  S.  'I'licfe  are  Spi  in^lield,  Well  Spring- 
field, Nordiainpton,  lludlcy,  Hatliek!, 
Deeriicld,and  Northtieid.  It  io  one  uf  ihu 
mod  fertile  and  (lopulous  counties  ia  ilitf 
Hate,  and  produces  the  neceil'aries  of  life, 
and  ionie  of  its  luxuries  in  great  plenty. 
In  Leveret  a  copper  mine  has  been  difcov- 
crcd,and  black  lead  in  level  al  other  places. 

Hampjl'irc,  a  county  in  Virj;inia,  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  the  I'otowinick  river, 
which  divides  it  from  the  Itaie  of  Mary- 
land. It  is  about  60  miles  long  and  ,;o 
broad,  and  contain j  731c  free  iiihabit:int», 
and  587  llavci.  It  is  \,Ji\  vvatend  by  1 1<- 
towniack  and  its  S  biauch.  Ir;in  t-re  and 
coals  have  been  iHlcovered  on  t!ic  bui  !:« 
of  this  river.     Chief  town,  R..iiii.ey. 

Hariipjleud,  a  to\/n  in  Ki  v.'<iii^li;im  co ' 
N.  Haniplliire,  about  34  miU  s  W  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  wab  incorporati.d  in  1749,  ai.d 
contained,   in   1775,   'jCd  inhabii.iiiio,  lu 

1790,  724,  and  ill  1800,  790. 
ILimpjitriii-x  viihige  in  Georgia,  ahout  \ 

miles  frcm  Kavani.ah,  and  about  a  milt* 
from  another  village  called  I  lighgaie.  '1  i.o 
inhabitant  ire  gaideners,  and  liipply  tl.u 
town  with  gi ecus, pot  herbs,  tools,  &c. 

HiiinplbH,  u  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Connedlicut,  8  miles  N  E  oi  VVindhaui. 
Inhabitants  1379. 

Hampton,  F-uJl,  a  townrtiip  in  Hamplliiro 
CO.  MalTachulettb,  S  of  Northampton,  con- 
taining 586  inhabitants.  It  waa  incorpo- 
rated in  1785. 

Hampton,  Eisft,  on  the  E  end  of  Long  f. 
N.  York,  a  half  fliire  town  of  SulTolk  co. 
It  has  1549  inhabitants  ;  and  in  It  i» 
Clinton  Academy,  which  in  179J  had  9* 
(ludents. 

Hampton,  f  tVinicoicett  of  the  Indians)  a 
te'.vnfliip  on  the  feacoaft  of  N.  rhmipfliirt.,, 
on  ti.o  eaftcrn  lide  of  Rockingham  county. 
It  was  fettled  under  Mafl'achuletts,  and 
iucorported  in  1638.  In  1775  it  contain- 
ed 86a  inhabitants,  in  1790,  853,  and  in 
i3oo,  875.  It  is  I  a  or  14  mile,  S  by  W 
of  Portfmouth,  and  8  S  E  of  Exeier.     In 

1 791,  a  canal  was  cut  through  the  marfliei 
i^  ttui  town,  which  opeus  uu  iiU^nd  uav- 

IgiCioi\ 


i:i'l\ 


mm' 


HAN 


HA  If 


'1'i 


il^atiim  from  Hampton  tIiroiij|;h  Salifljury 
into  ^Tc:•Iimack  river,  for  about  8  miles  ; 
loaded  h>)ai  -  may  pals  through  it  with  cale 
and  fafcty 

lLin,[)i(>n  Falls,  a  fmall  town  taken  from 
the  above  town,  lying  on  the  road  which 
leads  from  Kxeier  to  Newburvpoit,  fix 
miles  S  E  of  the  former,  and  8  N  of  the 
Litter.  In  1775  it  contained  645,  in  1790 
541,  and  in  iSoo  519  inhabitants.  It  was 
incorporated  ii>  1712. 

Ih'mpion,  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  Wafliington  co.  N.  York,  having 
S!:ccnfborough  on  the  \V.  It  has  7C0  in- 
hal-.itant3. 

Hjinj'ton,  the  capital  of  Elizabeth  co.  in 
Virginia,  alfo  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town,  fitiiatcd  at  the  head  of  a  bay  whiih 
runs  up  N  from  the  mouth  of  James  R. 
called  Hu:iijit'in  Road,  5  miles  N  VV  of  Point 
Comfort,  ft  contains  about  30  houfes,  an 
EpIfcop.il  church,  a  court  lioufe  and  gaol. 
The  value  of  its  exports  of  g/ain,  lumber, 
flaves,  &.C.  amounted  to  41^997  dollars  in  j 
one  year,  ending  Sept.  ,30,  1794.  This 
town  was  anciently  called  Kaoi'ghton  by 
the  Indians.  It  is  18  miles  N  of  Norfolk, 
32  S  E  of  YbrkTov.-n,  9,^  E  S  E  of  Rich- 
niond,  and  205  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Hii/iijh^ul,  or  I-L».j%aJ,  Narth  and  5o(/rf, 
in  Queens  co.  Long  Iflan''    N.  York,   23 
'  miles  V.  of  N.  York  city.     A  poft  office  is 
kr|it  at  Ilerrick's,  in  N.  Haniflead. 
Huinjleiul  Plain.     See  L<m^  IJlanJ. 
HumluLiil,   a  town   in  Rockland  co.  N. 
Y'irk,  W  of  Hudfbn  river,  between  Mav- 
erftr.'.w  on  the  N,  and  the  Ji-Ti'cy  line  S. 
It  has  lyBi  inh;'.bitants. 

H.f>iiicl:\  Huili(i,ti\i:A\\cu.  by  the  Indians 
Clioqi.ot,  !S  ll'tuated  about  20  leagues  E  S  E 
of  Nooika,  in  N  lat.  48  30,  W  Ion.  from 
Greenwich  125  26.  The  entrance  of  this 
harbour  is  about  5  miles  in  length,  and 
Las  good  ancho'Pge  ;  about  it  are  fcatter- 
ed  a  number  of  iflands,  and  feveral  fand 
banks  or  fpits.  It  has  alio  a  number  of 
flnccov's.  'I'hc  land  round  the  harbour 
is  generally  uneven,  rocky  and  mt^untain- 
ous  ;  covered  however  with  p>ne,  fir, 
fpruce,  cedar,  hemlock,  cyprels  ar.d  otlu-r 
trees  of  a  rcm^'rkable  fize.  The  climate 
here  is  nnich  niilder  than  in  the  fane  lat- 
itude on  the  caftcrn  fide  of  the  continent ; 
tlie  froft  in  winter  being  feldoni  fo  fc'erc 
as  to  prevent  vegetation.  An  eafleily 
wind  is  c(miiflered  here  as  a  prognoflic  of 
a  ftorni,  and  W  winds  bring  f.iir  weather. 
l)jer,  r.u'oons,  wolves,  bears,  I'cjnirrels, 
m.'.rtins,  land  otters,  beaver  and  wild  c;its 
4f9  tUcauiinals  ^yiucli  iiiliabit  the  fotcHs. 


The  amphibious  animals  arc  the  common' 
leal,  and  the  lea  otter.  The  Ikin  of  the 
latter  is  very  valuable.  The  intjabitanii 
are  laid  to  be  c.umibals.  I'his  and  other 
places  of  the  fame  name  have  their  pp- 
pellation  in  honor  of  the  late  Governor 
Hancock,  of  Maflachufettj. 

Hancock,  a  river  of  Walbington  ifland, 
on  the  N  W  coall  of  N.  America,  called 
Miifi-ct  by  the  Indians,  dil'covcred  by 
Captain  Crowell  in  1791.  It  empties 
into  the  fea  from  the  N  end  of  the  largcll 
ifland.  At  its  mouih  It  is  nearly  2  and 
an  h.alf  nautical  miles  wide;  andaconlid- 
erable  fii-e  10  miles  up.  It  has  at  its 
mouth  five  fathoms  water,  gradually  in- 
creafing  in  breadth  ;  and  for  7^  miles  up, 
to  Gools  liland,  haa  not  Icls  than  10 
fathoms.  Captain  Ingraham  examined 
it  about  12  niik-6 ;  but  by  the  information 
of  the  natives,  lie  judged  that  it  commu- 
nicates with  Skitiitiis  Cay,  or  near  it,  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  illand*.  It  is  by  far  the 
moft  eligible  for  a  new  fettlemeiit,  of  any 
place  the  Captain  had  fecn  on  the  coalt. 
The  land  is  lo*  and  apparently  very  fer- 
tile :  aud  tlie  river  abounds  with  falmon. 
Were  a  good  houl'c  ercdted  on  feme  of  the 
plealant  fpots,  it  would  have  every  ap- 
pearance of  being  long  fettled.  Eeautiiul 
bullies  and  grafs  occupy  the  Itirts  of  tlie 
woods.  The  mouth  of  the  river  is  in  N 
lat.  54  7,  W  Ion.  131  54. 

Hiiiicuci,  a  townlliip  in  Addifua  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  has  149  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  large  maritime  co.  Maine, 
bounded  N  by  L.  Canada,  S  by  the  ocean, 
£  by  Wafliington  co.  and  W  by  Lincoln 
and  Kennubeck  counties.  It  is  190  miles 
long  from  N  to  S,and  nearly  60  broad,  Ii>- 
terledlcd  by  Penobfcot  rivef.  It  contain* 
the  following  townfliips,bcfide  15  planta- 
tions; towns  E  fide  Penoblcot  R.  Cai- 
tine,  Blue  Hill,  Buckftown,  Eden,  Mount 
Defert,  Goldlboro'jPenobfcot,  Orringtou, 
Sedgwick,  Sullivan,  Trenton,  Ellfwoith, 
Orbnd  ;  towns  W  fide  I'enobfcot  R.  Bel- 
faft,  Bangor,  Canaan,  Eraakfort,  Hamp- 
den, Northport,  Profpetft,  Surry  ;  Wands 
in  the  bay,  Illelboru,  Deer  Ifle,.  Vinalli.i- 
veu.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  16,31^). 
It  is  remarkably  well  watered  bv  Penob- 
lcot river  and  its  branches.  Union  river, 
and  other  fmallcr  llreams.  The  northern 
parr  ofLue  coiuity  lends  its  waters  in  ouo 
ftreaiu  from  numerous  brandies,  in  a  N  1'^ 
courfe  to  St.  John's  river.  On  the  lea- 
coafl  are  many  harbonrs  and  inlets,  hid  I'y 
a  multitude  of  fertile  laands ;  the  largcll: 
of  tlicl'e  iu  a  y  W  ilirtdica  froir  Goldi- 
^  bui-oug'^ 


HAN 

^ormigl),  arc  Mount  Defart,  Swnn  Iflc'., 
Vinal haven, Haut  Ifle,  Deer.and  Iflcfljor- 
rtiijh ;  all  fituated  in  Penobfcot  Bay. 
<;rcat  part  of  the  county  is  yet  iinfcttled. 
'i'he  towns  along  the  feacoaft,  and  on  the 
I'anksof  Penobfcot  and  Union  rivers,  arc 
the  mod  fertile  and  popidous.  Caftinc  is 
the  fliire  town.     See  Ma'mt  and  F,:nolifan. 

Hancocl,  ( now  CUition^ )  a  town  in 
Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  embofomed  by  the 
Kennebeck  and  Sebafticook  river«. 

Hancncl,  a  townfliip  in  HilUboror.gh  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,fifuatpd  between  fvo  wcfl- 
crn  brandies  of  Contoocoock  river,  14 
miles  E  of  Kecne,  and  between  60  pnd  70 
VV  by  S  of  Portfmouth.  It  whs  incorjw- 
rat'?di779,  and  contains  mo  injiabitants. 

Hdncad,  a  tt>ng,  narrow  and  rinuntain- 
ous  townfliip  on  the  N.  York  line,  in 
Terkfliire  co.  MafTachiTfetts,  liaving  on 
the  E  Lanefborongh,  and  Pittsfield  S  E.  It 
vas  incorporated  in  1776,  has  1187  in- 
liabitantg. 

Hancock,  a  finall  pofl  town  of  Mayland, 
in  Wafliington  co.  on  the  N  bank  of  Pa- 
towmack  river,  between  Conolowy  and 
Little  Conolowy  creeks,  about  aj  miles  S 
r.  of  Bedford  in  Pennfylvania,  and  119  N 
W  of  Baltimore. 

Hancock,  a  CO.  in  tijc  upper  di(lri(!l  of 
Georgia.  It  contains  14,4^6  inhabitants, 
of  whom  4835  are  (laves. 

Hannah  Bay  Hoiifc,  a  fai^ory  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  at  the  S  end  of 
James'  Bay  in  N.  America,and  on  the  Ciift- 
em  fide  of  Harricanaw  river,  ^i^  ri'lcs  E 
by  S  of  Moofe  Fort,  and  18  below  a  hoi:!'c 
on  the  fame  river. 

Hannati's  Toirn,  in  Veflmorel.ind  co. 
Pennfylv.-inia,  4  miles  N  N  E  of  Crcenf- 
burg,  and  on  the  road  from  Bedford  to 
Pittfburg;  54  miles  N  W  by  W  of  the 
foimer,  and  26  E  of  the  latter. 

Hannibal,  a  military  townfliip  in  N 
Yitrk,  on  lake  Ontario,  10  miles  S  by  W 
of  Fort  Ofwego. 

Hanover,  a  bay  in  the  fea  of  Hondiiras, 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan, 
from  which  it  receives  the  waters  of  the 
lUo  Honde.  The  tradl  of  land  between 
the  river  Honde  and  the  Balizc  was  ceded 
by  the  Spanifli  king  to  the  king  of  G.  Brit- 
?\n,  at  the  peace  of  1783,  for  tlie  piirpofe 
of  cutting  and  carrying  away  logwood. 
•See  Bahia  de  Chffumal. 

H.itio'jiT,  a  t'lwnfliip  in  I.ii/erne  co. 
Pennfylvania.  AM'o  a  townfliip  in  Wafli- 
ington CO.  E.  and  W.  Hanover,  are  two 
tiiwnfliips  in  Danphine  comity  in  tl)o 
lime  ftatc. 


TIAK 

//■j/ww,  or  M'^/7,JItr'j  Totfii,  s  fol 
town  in  York  co  l''ei.n(ylvaiiia,  liotwecrt 
Cadonis  creek,  .ind  a  branth  of  litilu 
Concwiigo,  •wliioli  f-dls  into  the  .'■'ultji.e- 
hanna.  It  coiit:tips  alxiut  16c  dwelling 
houfes,  a  German  l.tulieran  and  (ieinii'ii 
Calvinilt  tlii'.rch.  It  is  7  miles  l-l  <  f  the 
Maryland  line,  iF  miles  SW  of  York, 
and  106  W  i)y  S  ot  l^Iiihidclpbia. 

Hiinr.ii.-r,  p.  pod  town  in  Plymouth  ro. 
T»Ta(lachufeits,  3.5  u'iles  S  E  of  J<.fti)P  ; 
was  inrorpor^.tcd  in  1727  and  conlains 
958  ir.habiiants. 

H.iroi'rr,A  \)r([  tovn  of  N  Hampdiirc, 
fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  (  onncclieiit 
river  in  Grri^ton  co  Dnitwniiih  Culli^<:.,  in 
this  l()vvn,i',  fituated  on  a  beautiful  phiin, 
aboiii  liulf  a  mile  froiii  ti.e  rivjr,  in  43  43 
N  lar.  and  in  7214  V\'  Ion.  fioin  Green- 
wich. It  dciivos  it'i  nr.nvo  froiii  V\  ilji.iii!, 
Earl  of  Dartmouth,  ore  of  its  jiriiieipal 
bcnefatlors,  and  was  fiunided  !n  tJic  year 
i:('}  by  the  1>W  Et  Ele;i7er  Wl.edtck- 
The  fiuu!-,  ('•  llit'eolltgeconfift  chie)1y  of 
'j  lands,  amoi'.i'tii'g  to  p bout  P'-c^c  ;ui-cs, 
whieliarein-rc;'.iiiig  in  v.iluc  in  pi«  poitlvii 
!  to  the  growth  of  t'lC  count; y  ;  1  ioe  aereS 
J  becontignoiis  to  the  college  ;  ?rdare  crpa- 
il  bit-  of  tlK?  belt  improveuiert  ;  i?,,ccc  lie 
ill  \'-.'rm(int.  A  trart  of  8  m.ik's  lijuarg 
w  '-■  _••  anti'd  bv  the  a(Vcr.:I)lv  of  N  Il.imii- 
fin.',  li  1707.  1  lu-  levrnue  tif  the  ecl- 
l';j;e,  arifiiig  from  tie  hinds,  in  i;')T,, 
amounte^l  annually  tt>  /[.i.-o.  I'y  con- 
trails then  m.ade,  thoy  would  iUT.onnt,  in 
4  je:ir8  after  to/.'. 450  ;  arid  in  I  a  ye'rs  to 
£•0,^0,  The  income  fv(  m  ti.iliiitt  i.s  al.Oi't 
/;,'.6oo  per  anm-ni.  The  nuniber  of  uiidt-r 
j^raduates  is,  on  an  average,  frci:!  1:0  ft 
180.  A  grammar  fchool  ot  alotit  /cor 
("■:>  fcholars  is  annexed  t"  the  cdlle^e. 
The  indents  are  uuderthc  immediate  gov- 
ernm.?rt  and  irfliiiclion  of  n  prcl;uent, 
who  is  alfo  profefTor  of  l.lflorv,  a  prcfil- 
for  of  mathematics  and  n.uur-d  pLilcfo- 
phy,  a  profeflbr  of  I.;n5:uages,  ?nil  a  pro- 
feitor  of  i"edicine  and  cliemiiliy,  yird 
one  tutor.  'I  l.c  eoliegc  is  furnillcd  v.ith 
a  handfome  library,  and  a  pli'lofophiehl 
apparatus,  tiilerab'y  C(;mpletc.  A  new- 
college  edifice  of  wood,  150  ly  50  teet, 
atid  three  ftories  high,  was  erteled  in 
1786,  containing  36  rooms  for  fludcr.ts. 
Its  fit  nation  is  elevated,  lu'al(l.<'!l  pnd 
ple;ifant,  commanding  an  ext;'rf;ve  pK.l- 
pet'l  to  the  V.'.  There  are  three  other 
pnbl'c  buildings,  belonging  to  the  ccllcjic. 
and  a  handfi-me  congregation.'d  mect'i  g 
hoid'e  has  lately  lieen  ctei^Ud,  in  %/lii(  h 
t'le  ccmmeucL-nient  txcrdi'ts  aie  exlnb- 

ilej. 


m 

Ij 

1 

P 

■■'i       \i 


■in 


HAR 


HAR 


Tied.  It  has  1912  inhabitant*.  Iti*  .■ja 
miles  Nof  Charleflowii,  iij  N  Why  Wof 
Portfmouth,  138  N  \V  of  Bofton,  37S  N  K 
by  N  of  Philadelphia,  and  541  N  E  from 
Wailiington. 

Hanover,  a  townflilp  in  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey.  In  a  ridge  of  hilts  in  this  towniliip 
are  a  number  of  wclb,  40  miles  from  tlie 
fea  in  a  ftrai^^Iit  line,  wliicli  regularly  ebb 
anJ  flow  about  6  feet  twice  in  every  24 
luKirj.  It  is  about  16  miles  N  W  of  Kliza- 
bctli  Town,  and  joins  upon  Morriftown. 
Hanover,  a  co.of  Virginia,  lying  between 
Pamunky  and  Chickahominy  rivers.  Its 
length  is  about  48  miles  and  its  breadth 
aa  ;  and  contains  6  Jii  free  inhabitants, 
and  8191  flaves.  It  abounds  with  iime- 
ftone. 

Haraver,  a  fmall  poll  town  of  Virginia, 
of  the  above  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Pamunky.  It  is  6  miles  from  New  Caftle, 
aa  N  E  by  E  of  Richmond,  and  no  N  N 
W  of  Wailiington  city. 

Hiints,  a  CO.  of  Nova  Scotia,  beginning 
about  30  miles  from  Halifax,  contains  the 
townfliips  of  Windfor,  Falmouth,  and 
Kewport  ;  feveral  valuable  trails  remain 
unfettled.  'I'he  road  from  Halifax  runs 
part  of  the  way  between  Wlndfor  and 
Newport,  and  has  fettlemcnts  on  it  at 
fmall  diftanccs.  The  county  is  about  ao 
Tti\\ci  f<]uaro,  and  is  well  watered.  The 
rivefj  fet.  Croix,  Kcnctcoot,  and  Cocml- 
guenempty  into  the  Avon.andareall  nav- 
igible  except  the  laft.  The  Cacagiiet  and 
Cobe^niit  are  navigable  40  miles  for  vcf- 
els  oi'  60  toil"!. 

Hnpcn:,;  four  fmall  iflands  among  the 
Friendly  Illcs,  in  the  S.  Sea. 

HarJ'm,  a  CO.  in  the  ftate  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  N  E  by  Walhiiigton  and  Lin- 
coln, N  W  and  W  by  Nclion  and  CJrecne, 
nnd  S  E  by  liOgm  counties.  It  contains 
,T,.f97inhnbitant3, 310 being  flaves.  At  the 
court  houfe  is  a  poft  cface,6j9  miles  W 
by  S  froni  A\'afliington. 

IIjidvicL,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co. 
)u  Vermont,  having  i6o  inhabitants. 

IL7rJu.\i,a.  tcwnfliip  in  Worceftcr  co. 
MafHichivrctts,  25  miles  N  W  of  VVotcef- 
ter,  a:id  70  S  W  of  Doflon.  It  is  feparatcd 
from  New  Rraint.cc  ;uul  Ware  by  Ware 
river.  There  are  wit'iin  tliis  town  245 
houfes,  x;i7  Jnh.ibitar.is. 

Htir.hvicK,  a  towniliip  in  Sufiex  co.  N. 
Jcrfcy,  10  mile:'  S  \V  of  Newton. 

Il.irJwkt,  A  fiuall  town  of  Georgia,  at 
the  mouth  <>f  Ogecche  rircr,  and  about  18 
jnilos  S  by  W  of  Suvaiiuali.  It  is  a  port  of 
entry. 


HitrJy,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded  N  hj 
Hampfliire.  It  is  about  60  miles  long, 
and  40  in  breadth,  and  contains  tcc.\ 
free  inhabitants,  and  613  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Moorfield. 

Hard^wwn,  a  townfliip  in  Suflex  en.  N. 
Jorfcy,  containing  in  1790,2393  inhab- 
itants. 

Hare  Bjy,  a  large  bay  on  the  E  coaft  of 
NewlV>u!ullmK.l. 

Har^'  Jjiili.iit!,  inhabit  near  M'Kenzie't 
river  in  tiie  N  W  part  of  N.  America. 

Harji,r<l  Co.  In  Maryland,  is  bounded 
N  by  York  co.  I'ennfyivania  ;  E  by  Suf- 
quehanna  river  and  Chefapeak  Bay. 
The  chief  waters  within  the  county  are 
Bufli  river  and  Deer  creek ;  on  which  aie 
16  mills  of  diflTerent  kinds.  On  the  former 
and  its  branches  are  the  towns  of  Har- 
ford, Abington,  Coopftown,  and  Belle  Air. 
The  other  towns  are  Havre  de  Grafs  at 
the  mouth  of  Sufquehanna,  and  Joppa 
below  the  forks  of  Gunpowder.  It  con- 
tains 17,626  inhabitants,  including  4264 
flaves.     Chief  town.  Belle  Air. 

Harford,  a  port  town  in  Harford  co. 
Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  the  tide  wa- 
ters of  Bufli  river,  between  Binams  and 
James's  runs  ;  the  former  feparating  it 
from  Abington.  It  has  few  houfes,  and 
is  falling  to  decay  fuice  the  courts  of  juf- 
ticc  have  been  removed  to  Belle  Air.  It 
is  9  miles  S  E  of  Belle  Air,  and  25  N  E 
by  E  of  Baltimore. 

Harlem,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  in  1796.  It  was 
formerly  called  "Jones^  Plantation.  It  is  19 
miles  N  Eof  Hallowell,  47  from  Pownal- 
borough,  and  213  N  E  by  N  of  Bofton, 
and  has  262  inhabitants. 

Hariem, or  E.  Kiver,  a  river  which  con- 
ncdl:s  L.  Ifland  Sound  with  Hudfou  river, 
and  forms  York  Ifland. 

HarLm,  a  divIGon  of  N.  York  co.  in  the 
northern  part  of  York  Ifland,  which  con- 
tained in  1790,  803  inhabitants.  The 
village  of  its  name  ftands  9  miles  north- 
erly of  N.  York  city,  and  4  S  W  of  M'. 
Cheftcr,  oppolitc  to  the  W  end  of  Hell 
Gate. 

Harmons  Station,  In  Kentucky,  is  a  fort 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  W  branch  of  Big 
Sandy  river.  On  the  oppofite  fide  of  this 
branch  is  the  Great  Salt  Spring.  Ilar- 
man's  Station  is  about  20  miles  S  of  Van- 
couver's fort. 

Harmar,  a  Well  conftruc5led  fort  in  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  lituated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mufltingum.  It  had  in  1796,5  baf- 
tions,  aod  3  cwQoa  mounted,  and  wa» 

garjo^uued 


.    HAR 

garrifoncd  hy  4  companies.  Tt  is  con- 
veniently fituatcd  to  reinforce  any  of  tlie 
ports  up  or  down  the  river  Ohio.  'Die 
place  is  remarkably  he;ilthy. 

Harmoii'i,;\  townlliip  in  Kcnnchcck  CO. 
near  Coriiville  ;  incorporated  i"o,3. 

Hiirmony,  a  village  in  J.iizcrne  CO. 
Pennfvlvania,  clofe  on  the  line  of  N.  York 
on  the  N  fide  of  Starucca  crock,  a  water 
of  the  E  branch  of  Surijuclianna  river. 
Between  this  and  Stockport  on  Delaware 
river,dilbant  18  miles  E  S  E,  there  is  a  port- 
age. It  is  about  140  miles  N  by  W  of 
Philadelphia,   and  130  N  W  of  N.  York. 

N.lat.4i58- 

Harpatb,  a  fmall  boatable  river  In  Tcn- 
eJee,  which,  after  a  N  N  W  courfe  of 
about  40  miles,  falls  into  Cumberland 
river,  19  miles  N  W  of  Naflivillc. 

Ilarpirs  Ferry,  Berkley  CO.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  port  ollicc,  65  miles  from  Wafli- 
iiigton.  Here  is  alio  an  armoury  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States,  at  which  mul- 
kcts  and  bayonets  arc  manufadbured. 

JlitrpersfielJ,  a  pofl:  town  in  Delaware 
CO.  in  N.  York,  bounded  S  W  by  Unadilla 
townfliip,  and  3a  miles  S  E  of  Coopcrf- 
town.  Through  this  town  runs  the  great 
port  road  from  Hiidfon  toWilliamfburgh, 
6z  miles  W  of  Hudfoa  city.  It  contains 
1013  inhabitants. 

Harphy  or  Marple,  a  townfliip  in  Dcla- 
Wareco.Pennfylvania,  has  761  inhabitants. 

Hjrpfwell,  a  townfliip  iu  Cund>erlaud 
CO.  Maine,  incorporated  in  1758,  and  con- 
Jains  1049  inhabitants.  It  is  bounded  caft- 
erly  by  Georgetown ;  from  which  it  is  fep- 
arated  by  a  navigable  river.  The  people 
here  have  opened  a  communication  by  a 
catial  between  the  waters  of  Kennebeck 
river  and  thofe  of  Cafco  Bay,  through  the 
arm  of  the  fea  called  Stevens's  river.  The 
point  called  Alerryconeag,  proje<Si;ing 
itfelf  Into  the  bay  together  with  the  ifl- 
and  Sebafcodeagan,  and  feveral  other 
fmall  iflands,  are  incorporated  and  form 
this  townfliip  The  waters  round  this 
ifland  extend  to  within  two  miles  of  the 
waters  of  the  Kennebeck,  and  thus  form 
what  is  called  Small  Point. 

Harrington,  a  town  in  Waflilngton  co. 
Maine,  at  the  head  of  Narraguagus  bay. 
It  has  498  inhabitants.     SeeKartagungus. 

Harrington,  a  townfliip  in  Bergeu  co. 
N.  Jerfey. 

IJiirriJhurg,  Originally  LouiJhurgI),  a  poft 
town,  and  the  capital  of  Dauphine  co. 
Pennfylvania,  Is  fituated  on  the  N  E  bank 
of  Sufquehanna  river.  It  Is  laid  out  reg- 
ularly, and  coataiiu  about  400  Iwulet  i  of 


H  A  R 

which  fcvcral  arc  neat  and  convenient ; 
,  Ibmc  of  brick  and  otiici s  of  ftoiie ;  a  lh)ne 
.  j';aol,  a  Gorn'.an  clnircli,  and  a  cmirt  houJ'c. 
[  'I'iio  coiirf  lioiife  is  91  feet  in   fr.iiit,  and 
50  feet  deep,  with  a  cupola  and  Lell.    Ini- 
mcnic  quriulitiesof  himhcr  are  .niniially 
brought    here   from  the  country   rbove, 
and  tiicrc  ate  confiderablc  quiuititicf;  of 
leather,  hiits,  and  nnils  nianufaiihircd.     It 
has  1472  if.'habit.iiits,  .nul  is  107  miles  VV 
N  W  of  I'hiladelphia,  S3  W  S  W  of  Rend- 
ing, and    17   E  N  E  of  C'arlille.     K  lat. 
40  1 6. 

Hani/on,  a  townfliip  in  W.  C'hcflcr  co. 
N.York,  containing  o_s6  iiih;.biiai.;s. 

Harr'fcn,  a  CO.  in  tlie  weHcrn  part  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  Ohio  co.  N  !■'.  by 
Monongalia,  S  by  Greeiil)riar,and  .S  W  by 
Kenhawa.  Its  length  is  about  120  mile«, 
its  breadth  80  ;  and  tlic  ninnbcr  of  inh;i]i- 
itants  4603  free  and  245  ilaves.  Ciiicf 
town,  Clarkf!)urg. 

Jlcirijln,  a  CO.  in  the  N  E  ]iart  of 
the  flate  of  Kentucky,  N  of  Biuirl-on. 
It  is  well  watered  by  the  .S.  fork  of  Lick- 
ing and  feveral  otlicr  ftrcams.  It  con- 
tains 4263  Inhabitants.  Chief  town, 
Cynthiana. 

Harr'ifiidiurgh,     .See  Rocihigfjnm, 
Hinrorljhurg,     or     Hiirr'xJJlriivn,     a    poft 

town  in  Mercer  co.  Kentucky,  at  tlie 
head  of  Salt  river,  which  contains  about 
20  houfes,  and  is  10  miles  S  W  of  D.^nvil- 
le,  30  S  by  W  of  Frankfort,  and  825  S  \T 
of  Philadelphia. 

Harfms  JJland,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
river,  St.  Clair,  in  lake  St.  Clair,  E  of 
Thompfon"'s  Ifland;  it  contains  300  acre* 
of  land  fit  for  culture ;  the  other  part» 
of  it  are  meadow   and  marfli. 

Hart/orJ,  a  tov.'nfliip  in  Windfot  cO. 
Vermont,  on  Connecticut  river,  oppc.fite 
the  town  of  Lebanon,  in  N.  Ilampfliirew 
It  contains  1594  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  a  pofl  town,  in  Ontario  do.  oa 
the  E  bank  of  CeaefTce  river,  N.  York,  40 
miles  W  of  Geneva,  and  (>■]  SEbyEof 
Fort  Niagara,  has  ^t^s  Inhabitants. 

Hartford,  a  town  In  Cumbeiland  ca 
Maine,  bounded  by  Livermore  on  the  E, 
and  Sumner  on  the  W,  has  243  Inhabit- 
ants. 

Hartford,  a  fertile  and  populous,  though 
hilly  CO.  In  Conue<n:icut,  bounded  N  by  the 
flate  of  Maflachufetts ;  S  by  part  of  Mid- 
dlefex  and  N.  Haven  counties  ;  E  by  Tol- 
land, and  W  by  Litchfield  co.  It  is  r^Lout 
34  miles  from  N  to  S,  and  its  grcattfl: 
breadth  from  E  to  W  is  30  miles.  It  is 
divKied  into  IJ  tOWQillip»,  and  contain* 

4*,I47 


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4^,147    inlnbitanti.     Chief  town,  Hart- 
ford. 

Hartford  City,  the  capital  of  Conncfki- 
cut,  lies  on  the  W  h.iuk.   ol'  Cunma'^icut 
river,  in  the  county  iind    townfliip  of  i's 
own  name,  50  miles  nortlisVeflerly    from 
the  m')iith  of  the  river,  at  Sayhniok  Par, 
in  r.  Klaud  Sound  ;  and  thus  far  the  tide 
flows.    The  towndiip  is  6   miles  fquire, 
bounded  N  by  Windfor,  N  E  liy  K.  Wind- 
for,  W  by  F.iriniiigton,  F.  l>y  V  ILirtfunl, 
S  F.  by  Glaflonbury  and  S  by  Wit'.ersfield. 
'i'lie  town  iH  divided  by  a  finall  ftroani  culU 
«'d  Little  R.  vvithhii^hro'ii.-mtic  banks, over 
which  is  a  bridge 'ronncrting  tlie  two  divi- 
fionsof  thetown.  'J"he  city  is  regularly  laid 
out,  the  ft'-eets  interfering  t.ich  other  at 
right  angles.     Its  building*  are  nn  elegant 
ft  itchoufe,  2  churches  for  Congregational- 
jfts,i  for  F.pifcopalians,  and  between  4  and 
500  dwelling  houfes  ;  a  number  of  which 
are  handfomely  built  with   brick.    The 
rumber  of  inhabitants  are  5347-   A  b:\nk 
was  incorporated  in   1792,  wit!i  100,000 
<1i)llars   capital,   number   of  fliares  150 
The   corporation    have    the     power   to 
extend  their  capital  to  500,000  dollars.  A 
%voollon  manufacftory  was  eftablifliedhere 
and  encouraged  by  the   ftate,  but  has  not 
fuccceded.    The  town  is  advantageoully 
fituatcd  for  trade,  has  a  fine  back  coun- 
try, enters  largely  into  the  mamifadiuring 
bufinefs,  and  is  a  rich,  flourilhing,  com- 
mercial town.      It  was  firft  fettled  in  the 
year  1636,  by  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hook- 
er, who,  with  their  adherents,  removed 
from    Maflachufetts.    The    Dutch    had 
then  a  trading  houfe  at  the  confluence  of 
Mill  and  Connedlicut  rivers.    Tliey  foon 
relinquiilied    the  fettlement,   and    their 
isnds  were  confifcated  by  a  commiOion 
from  the  Commonwealth  of  Fngland  in 
1653.    A  point  of  laud,  which   formed 
part   of  their  poffeffions,  is  ftiil  called 
Dutch  Point.    It  is  40  miles  N  E  by  N  of 
N.  Haven,  55  N  W  of  N.  London,  124  S 
'  W  of  Boflon,  ia8  N  E  of  N.  York,  423  N 
r.  of  Philadelphia,  50a  from  Richmond, 
576  from  Wafliington  city,  1044  from 
Augufta,    and   1018  from  Frankfort  in 
Kentucky.     N  lat.  41  44,  W  Ion.  72  50. 

Hartford,  a  CO.  of  Maryland.   See  Hav 
ford. 

Hartfrd,  a  poll  town,  Ohio  co.  Kentuc- 
ky, "j^h  miles  from  Wafliington,  has  56 
jnliabitant'i. 

Hurtlurd,  a  townfliip  of  ConneiT^icnt, 
the  N  eaflernmoU  in  latchfielj  co.    It  has 
J  31 8  inhabitants. 
Hartlmdy  a  poll  town  in  Windfor  co. 


Vermont, on  the  W  bank  of  ConnrAiatl 
ri\rer,  11  miles  below  the  15  mile  fall*, 
has  19^0  inhabitants. 

Iiir-vard,  a  townlbip  in  the  eaftern  pnrt 
of  Worcefler  co.  Maflnchufitts,  23  mili'i 
N  E  of  Worcefter,  and  35  N  W  of  Boflon. 
i  It  v^as  incorporated  in  1 73a, by  this  nam?, 
in  honor  of  the  ftnmdcr  of  Mai  var^l  Uni- 
verfity  in  Cambridge.  It  has  1400  inhab- 
itants. 

JT.irvard  Univfrpty.  See  Cjinii  ii/jrf. 
Far-iv'tch,  a  pod  town  on  Capo  Cod,  in 
B;irnftablc  ro.  MafTarhufett",  lying  h«- 
twccn  Yarmouth  and  Chatham,  about  8)} 
miles  S  Eof  Boflon,  containing  28.';7inh;'.h- 
itan!9.  It  extends  quite  acrofs  the  cape, 
,  wlilch  is  here  about  6  miles  over.  Their 
marine  bufiiiefs  lies  cliicfly  in  the  fiflicry. 
The  remains  of  the  Indians  of  tl.is  tov/n- 
fliip  arc  only  6  or  7  fouls.  They  live  at 
Pot:imirr<7iiiut. 

Hiirrvich,  a  townfi.ip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  containing  153  inhabitants, 
watered  by  Otter  creek  and  one  of  its 
branches. 

jfTtirzvi'r^tin,  a   pofl  town  of  Conrc(*>I- 
i  cut,  in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  E  of  Litrh- 
field,  and  24  W  by  N  of  Hartford.    It  has 
1431  inhabitants. 

Harrvich  'Totvnfa'f',  in  the  vedern  dif- 
triA,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  How- 
ard, having  lake  Erie  on  the  S,  and  the 
river  Thames  on  the  N. 

Hiifln^t  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Lenox  ;  on  the 
S  by  the  bay  of  Quinte,  until  it  meets  a 
boundary  on  the  eaflernmoft  lliore  of  the 
river  Trent ;  thence  along  that  river  un- 
til it  intcrfedls  the  rear  of  the  ninth  con- 
celTion  ;  thence  by  a  line  running  N  x6'* 
AV ,  until  it  injerfedts  the  Ottawa  or  Grand 
river,  thence  defcending  the  faid  river 
until  it  meets  the  N  weftcrumoft  boundary 
of  the  county  of  Addington.  The  coun- 
ty comprehends  all  the  iflands  near  it,  in 
tncbay  of  Quinte  and  river  Trent.  The 
grentcr  part  of  the  county  fronts  the  hay 
of  Quinte.  Smyilu 

Hiithormif^b.  or  Hutfuld,  a  town  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  on  the  N  F.  fide 
of  Panncpackcveck,  which  runs  into  Del- 
aware R.  about  5  miles  above  Frankfort. 
It  contains  about  ao  houfes,  and  has  a  li- 
brary of  more  than  1000  volumes,  and 
5ao  inhabitants. 

H.itrba  Ci'iifs.     See  Pearl  P'.vcr. 

Ifiit(h}.      See  Pi-arl  River. 

Ujtchy,  a  navi-jable  river  in  the  flatc  of 

Tcn« (Tee,  runs  weflcrly  intotheMiflifippi, 

about  ij>  miles  N  of  Wolf  river,  and  is  a- 

•  lout 


ocean,  from  tl 


I 


Mat*      , 

bout  80  jards  wide  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

HatJuUy  a  vtry  pleafant  town  in  Hamp- 
iliire  cu.  Mairachui'ectti,  iitiuttd  on  the 
W  bank  of  a  bend  of  Couneiflicut  rivtr, 
where  it  is  So  rods  wide,  5  milci  N  uf 
Northampton,  and  100  W  of  Bofton.  It 
lies  chiefly  on  one  flrcet,  and  contains 
103  houfts,  and  So>  iuhabitauts.  Here 
are  two  ferries  on  CunnciSticut  river  ;  the 
one  to  Hadlty,  1  lie  oihci  10  Amhtrft.  N 
of  the  ferry  10  Amherlt,  the  river  mceis 
with  a  bed  of  rotlvs,  wfiich  lelFeni  its 
breadth  zo  or  30  rodi ;  no  fall,  but  a 
large  eddy  at  hi^^jii  w;iur. 

HatLy,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  hav- 
ing Stanftead  S,  the  northern  fork  of  L. 
Memphrtjnagog  W,  ai;d  Afcot  W  ;  con- 
taining about  300  fouls.  Lake  Toniefobi 
is  in  this  lownthip. 

Huiteriii,  is  the  mod  remark.ibte  and 
dangerous  cape  on  the  coall:  of  N.  Amer- 
ica.     This  point  extends  far   into   the 
ocean,  from  the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina,  In 
35  15  N  lat.     The  water  is  very  ilio»l  at 
a  great  d!(\ance  from  the  cape,  which  is 
remarkable  for  fudden  fqualls  of  wind, 
and  for  the  mod  fcvere  (lorms  of  thunder, 
lightning  and  rain,  which  happen  alnioft 
every  day,  during  one  half  the  year.     At 
thciimcof  Sir  Waiter  Raleigh's  ..pproach- 
ing  this  coad,  the  llioals  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hatteras  were  found  lo  dang(rou8, 1'otx- 
fenfive,  and  lb  fliallow,  m^ny  of  them 
covered  with  not  more  than  5  or  6  feet 
Water,  that  no  vellcls,  in  ihat  latitude, 
ventured  within  7  leagues  of  the  land. 
At  prefent  the  out  flioals,  which  lie  about 
14  miles  S  W  of  the  cape,  are  but  of  j  or 
6  acres  extent,  and  where  they  are  really 
dangerous  to  vell'cls  of  moderate  draught, 
nut  above  half  that  exteivt.    On  the  lliual- 
fft  part  of  thefc  is  about  to  feet   at  low 
water  ;    and  here,  at  times,  the  ocean 
breaks  in  a  tremendous  manner,  fpouting, 
as  it  were,  to  the  clouds,  from  the  violent 
agitation   of    the   Gulf    Stream,    which 
touches  the  eaftern  edge  t)f  the  banks, 
from  which  the  declivity  is  fudden,  that 
is  to  fay,  fron\  10  fathoms   to  no  found- 
ings.   On  the  fpot  abovemcntioiied,  which 
it  firm  fand,  it  has  been  the  lot  of  many 
a  good  vtficl  to  flrike,  in  a  gale  of  wind, 
and  go  to  pieces.     In  moderate  weather, 
however,  thefc  flioals  may  be  pafled  over, 
if  nccefTary,  at  full  tide,    without  much 
danger,  by  vcfltls  not  drawing  more  than 
8,  9,  or  10  fctt  waitr.     From  this  bank, 
formerly  of  vafl  extent,  and   callLd  the 
full  Moon  Sl.rjul,  a  rid'^e  runs   tl'.e  whcle 
diili^C^.  to  ti^e  C3^)C  abuut  «  N  Wcourfr, 


HAT 

is  about  half  a  mile  wide,  and  at  loAir  n-.f. 
ter  has  generally  io,  11,  and  1  a  feet  water.- 
There  are  gaps  at  equal  intervals,  af- 
fording channels  of  about  15  or  i6  feet 
water.  The  mod  noted  of  thcfe  is  about 
a,  mile  and  a  ludf  from  the  land,  and  is  ac> 
lead  two  miles  and  a  half  wide,  and  might 
at  full  fea  be  fafely  palled  by  the  large  It 
fli'ps  ;  but  ia  rarely  ufcd  except  by  coad- 
ing  veflels.  It  may  be  eafily  known  by 
a  range  of  breakers  alwa)S  fcen  on  the 
W  ilUc,  and  a  breaker  head  or  two  on 
the  eadera  fide  ;  which,  however  are  net 
fo  eonftant,  only  appearing  when  the  ft.i 
is  confiderahly  agitated.  A  little  N  o( 
the  cape  is  good  anclioring  in  4  or  5 
fathoms  ;  and  with  the  wind  to  the  weft- 
ward,  a  boat  irtay  land  in  fafttv,  fiud  evci* 
bring  otFcaiTis  of  fiefli  water,  plenty  ot' 
which  i-*  to  be  found  every  whcie  on  tlic- 
beach,  by  dij^ging  a  foot  or  two,  and  put- 
ting a  barret  into  the  land. 

HaitoHi  Futil,  on  Tugcio  river,  a  village 
16  miWs  from  Pendleton  court  houl'e,  ia 
S.  Carolina,  and  1 7  from  Franklin  court- 
houfe,  in  Georgia. 

linut  I/e,  or  IJ2e  0/  Holt,  is  the  fonth- 
crnmod  of  the  large  illands  in  Pcuoblco^ 
bay,  ia  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

HavaimuL,  a  ftrong'y  foi  tified  feaport 
town,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  itland 
of  Cuba,  capital  of  the  ifland,  191  niilca 
almoft  diredlly  S  of  Cape  Florida,  an  J 
ronfequently  commands  the  gulf  of  that 
name.  Its  great  ftrcngth,  importance, 
and  happy  iituaiion,  occaiion  it  to  be 
called  the  key  of  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  fa- 
mous lor  its  hatbour,  which  is  fo  large 
that  it  may  hold  icco  velTels,  and  yet  the 
mouth  is  fo  narrow  that  only  one  fliip 
can  enter  at  a  time.  This  is  the  place' 
where  all  the  fliips  that  come  from  th«; 
Spaniili  I'cttlerninti  rendezvous  on  theif 
return  to  Spain.  'I  he  entrance  into  the 
harbour  is  well  defended  by  forts  and 
platforms  of  great  guns.  The  town,  fit- 
uated  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  harbour, 
contains  above  aooo  houfcs,  with  a  great 
number  of  rich  churches  and  convents. 
It  is  a  place  of  great  commerce  ;  the  reft- 
dcnce  of  the  governor  of  the  illand,  and 
other  n)yal  ofticers,  the  b'fliop  of  St.  Jago, 
and  mod  men  of  fortune  belonging  to  the 
ifland.  It  was  t.ktn  by  the  firitilli  in 
1762,  but  redond  to  the  Spaniards  by 
the  treaty  (>f  peace  in  176J.  It  is  30 
miles  W  of  the  town  of  Santa  Cruz,  and 
?4  nilks  from  Cape  Std.  N  lat.  aj  n, 
W  Ion.  8i  1,5. 
Jlai'ffbid^  a  townlliip  in  Delaware  ce. 
Painfylvania* 


f  I- ;...■, 


I  ^  1  • 


.f      t 


14  A  V 


HAY 


t*cnnfytvanln,      lias      601;     Jnliabitmils. 

H.ivr/.'!//,  ;i  port  town  of  N.  Hiuiiplliirc, 
and  li:ilf  fliirc  town  of  Orafton  co.  fitu- 
jiteil  on  tlic  r.  fide  iif  CounctHiiciit  river, 
ill  Lower  Co(w,  It  has  bttwcca  40  aiul 
50  compaiil:  hoiiil's  u  well  conftnicU'd 
court  hoiifc,  ajid  a  congregational  church 
Tills  town  was  incorporated  in  i76j,rtnd 
contains  "05  inhabif.ints.  In  it  is  a  bfd 
of  iron  ore,  wliivh  La-,  yielded  I'omc  profit 
to  tiie  proprietor,  alio  a  iju.ury  of  frtc- 
llonc,  lit  for  ticarilis  and  cl-.iiniicy  pitct-!.-. 
It  lias  aH'o  a  tnlliiii;  mill,  an  oil  intll,  and 
many  other  txcclLnt  inill  feats.  It  is 
oppolitc  to  Kc'whury  in  Vermont,  35 
jiiiles  aliove  Uartmouili  colle^;e,  119  miles 
N  W  of  Portl'inoiith. 

Hui'trhiH,  a  handfoiTie  port  town  of 
Maflacluil'ctts,  in  Eflei:  co.  tiftated  on  a 
declivity  on  the  N  liJc  of  Merrimack 
river,  acroi's  wliich  is  an  cltj^ant  brid^;c, 
conne;'lin;:f  this  town  with  Bradfoid,  650 
feet  lonjj  and  .14  wide.  It  has  3  arches, 
of  180  feet  each,  I'upportcd  by  3  hand- 
lonie  (lone  piers,  40  feet  Iquare  ;  alio  a 
draw  of  30  feet,  over  tJic  channel  «)f  the 
river,  Haverhill  has  a  conliderable  in- 
land trade,  lying  about  3Z  miles  N  by  W 
of  Boflon,  and  la  miles  f  om  Ncwbury- 
port,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  about 
«8  S  W  of  rortfmouth.  It  lies  chiefly 
upon  two  ftreets ;  the  principal  of  which 
runs  parallel  with  the  river.  Vtflels  of 
500  tons  burden  can  go  up  to  it.  Trav- 
ellers arc  fhuck  with  the  pleafantnefs  of 
the  iltuation  ;  and  a  number  of  neat  and 
■well  finiflied  houfes  give  it  an  air  of  ele- 
gance. Here  are  3  dillillcriea,  one  of 
which  has  lately  underj^one  a  laudable 
tranfmutation  into  a  brewery.  Some 
veflels  arc  annually  built  here,  and  fev- 
tral  arc  employed  in  the  \V.  India  trade. 
A  mauufai^ory  of  failcloth  was  begun 
here  in  1789,  and  is  laid  to  be  in  a  proni- 
ifing  way.  The  trade  of  the  place,  how- 
ever, is  conlidcrably  Id's  than  before  the 
revolution.  The  whole  townfliip  con- 
tains 330  houfes,  2730  inhabitants,  and 
4  meeting  houfes,  i  for  liaptifts,.  and  3  for 
Congregationalifls. 

Haverfiraiv  Huy,  in  Hudfon  river,  38 
miles  above  N.  York  city,  Ipreads  S  of 
Stony  point,  and  before  the  townof  itsown 
name,  is  lo  miles  long  and  about  3  wide. 

HavetJIrdiu,  a  townfliip  in  Rockland 
CO.  N.  York,  0!i  the  W  lidi:  of  the  above 
bay,  35  miles  Nof  N.  York  city.  It  con- 
tains 1233  inhuliitants. 

Hivij  lie  Gi\tcc-,  or  (!i<ts,  a  port  town 
and  port  of  c»cry  in  iiarlurd  to,  Marj'- 


land.onthc  Wfideof  Suf(pichanna  rlvn*, 
at  its  month  in  Chci'apeak  bay.  It  etm- 
tains  about  40  houfes,  350  inhabitants, 
and  is  the  port  of  entry  for  all  ihe  ihurci 
«)f  Chcfapeak  bay  above  Turkey  point. 
It  is  6  niilfi  W  by  S  of  Charlefton  iu  Ct- 
cil  county,  37  N  K  of  Baltimore,  and  65 
W  ;;  W  of  i'liiladclphia.     N  lat.  3-;  39. 

Ha~u,  a  wa'cr  of  C.ipc  Fear,  wlij.  h 
unites  with  Deep  river.  It  may  lie  rcii- 
dertd  navigable  for  50  miles.  See  Siix.u' 
piiLntu  Rimer. 

Hfii-k:,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co, 
N.  Hampfliire,  Wi's  incorporated  in  1760, 
and  contains  389  inhabitant^:. 

Ha-.i-hjhiir^  'Toivnjhip,  in  the  counfy  of 
Glengary,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  Ottawa 
river,  adjoining  J,.  Canada. 

liciit'iins,  :i  county  ill  Wafliington  dil'« 
tri<ft,  Tenellie,  having  6563  inhabitimfs, 
Jnclulivcuf  811  flaves.  f.'hief  town,Rog- 
erfville.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Viri.;inia,  K 
by  Wafliington  and  Sullivan  couniitf. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Holflon  and  Clinch 
rivers. 

Ha  utins  Court  Hoiife,  in  Tencflec,  is  25 
miles  from  Freeftone  Gap,  ^^  from  Abing- 
don, and  178  from  Danville  in  Kentucky, 
Here  is  a  pod  ofHce. 

Hatvh's  Bay.  on  the  coaft  of  W.  Florida, 
weflward  of  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  is 
between  Pelican  and  Dauphin  ilhinds. 
There  is  a  broad  channel  of  11  and  la 
feet  water,  afterwards  fafe  anchorage  in  4 
fathoms,  good  holding  ground,  and  fliel- 
tered  from  moft  winds  ;  on  which  account 
it  is  very  convenient  for  fmall  veflels. 

Ilaivkes  Harbour,  is  an  arm  of  Igorna- 
choix  bay,  Newfoundland  Idand. 

Haivley,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Mailachuletts,  120  miles  W  of  Bodon. 
It  has  878  inhabitants.  It  is  about  20 
miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 

Haw  lii-ver.  Orange  co.  N.  Carolina. 
Here  is  a  poll  office,  330  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Haitijhtll  Mills,  Shenandoah  co,  Vir- 
ginia, where  is  a  poft  office,  150  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

H.jycscis,  a  I'mall  ifle  in  Delaware  river, 
about  7  miles  below  Earton,  in  North- 
ampton CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Htiye's  JJla/iJ,  a  fniall  ifland  of  New 
South  Wales  formed  by  the  rivers  Nclfcn 
and  Hayes.  At  the  mouth  of  Nell'on  R. 
flands  Fort  York;  which,  as  well  as  Ntl- 
fon  K.  is  Called  Bourbon  by  the  French. 

Hnymar/uf,  Pi  ince  William  co.  Vir;j;inia. 
Here  is  a  oult  affice,  38  miles  from  Wafli- 
iajton. 

Hjyvjic-fsin, 


HEl 


HEM 


Tfiiyivooil/horo,  a  port  town,Chat1um  co. 
N.  Carolina,  30J  miles  from  Wafliiiijiton. 
Hayne't  Fort,  CJoiiel,  h  fitu.itcd  in  Ncl- 
fon  CO.  Kentucky,  on  the  N  Adc  of  Green 
river,  23  miles  W  of  Craig's  Fort,  and  J3 
from  the  Ohio. 

Head  (if  Stiffi'fras,  Kent  CO.  Maryland. 
Here  is  u  poft  office,  109  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Hiatbf  a  townQiip  in  JIampfliire  co. 
MafTachufctts,  incorporated  in  1785,  and 
is  no  miles  N  W  of  Bofton,  and  .about  18 
miles  N  N  W  of  Northampton,  and  1  con- 
tains 604  inhabitants. 

Hibrun,  a  town  in  Gr^afton  co.  N.  Ilanip- 
fliire,  containing  a8i  inhabitants. 

Heircii,  a  town  in  CuniLerland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Little  Androf- 
cojggin,  was  incorporated  in  179a ;  3s 
miles  Nby  Wof  Portland. 

Hebron,  a  poft  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York, containing  ajaS  inliabitants. 

Hebron,  a  poft  town  in  'I'cUand  co.  Con- 
nedlicut,  fettled  in  1704  from  Northanrp- 
ton.  MoA  of  the  lands  were  given  Ly 
jolliua,  fachem  of  the  Mohegan  tribe,  in 
his  laft  will  and  tcfiament.  It  liesbetwccn 
Lebanon  and  Glaflenbuiy,  about  18  miles 
S  E  of  Hartford,  and  1 6  JS  of  TvJland.  It 
has  a266  inhabitants. 

Hebron,  a  Moravian  fcttlemicnt  in  Penn- 
fylvania,  16  miles  from  Litiz,  which  is  70 
Jiiiles  nortlicrly  of  Philadelpliia.  This 
lettlement  bcpn  in  1757. 

HtHor,  a  military  towafliip  in  R  York, 
•u  the  E  (idcof  SenecaLake  near  the  Send, 
having  Ovid  on  the  N,  and  Npwton  town- 
fhip  on  the  S,  and  ■*<)  miks  S  by  W  of  the 
ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has  a  noft  office. 

He'idelburg,  a  Moravian  fettfement  in 
Pennfylvania,  begun  in  1743  ;  fituated  34 
miles  from  Litiz,  which  i»  in  Warwick 
townflnp,  Lancaft6r  co. 

Heidetburg,  a  Iiandfome  town  in  Dau- 
phinc  CO.  Pennfylvania,  containing  about 
100  houfcs  and  two  German  churches  for 
Lutherans  ard  Calvinifts  ;  one  of  the 
churches  is  ».  handfome  ftone  building. 
It  contains  1990  inhabitants.  It  is  33 
miles  E  by  N  of  Harrilburg,  and  74  N  W 
by  W  of  Philadelphia.  Tliere  pre  two 
other  townfliips  of  this  name  in  the  ftate, 
the  one  in  York  co.  the  other  in  that  of 
Northampton,  having  1338  inhabitaAts. 

Height  of  Land,  a  range  of  mountains 
which  extend  from  S  W  to  the  N 
E,  and  feparates  the  diftri(5t  of  Maine 
from  L.  Canada,  giving  rile  to  many  riv- 
ers which  fall  into  St.  Lawrence  river, 
and  others  which  fall  into  the  Atlautic 
Vot.  I.  D  d 


Ocean.  The  principal  growth  bctvvefcH 
the  Height  of  r.and  and  bt.  Irancis  river 
is  beech,  maple,  birch,  licmlv.ck  und  tir, 
very  few  white  piues,  and  no  oiik  of  any 
fort.  Sumo  of  tUc  rivets  have  fmc  inter- 
vals. 

Helena  TJand,  St.  on  the  coaft  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, with  the  iiiain  land  on  the  N,  funi.s 
.St.  Helena  Sound  or  entranoe,  and  giveo 
naiae  to  a  parill;  in  13eaufoi  t  dillridt. 

Helena  I'aiijl,  iJi.  in  Lcauiort  diftricl, S. 
Carolina,  conltdb  of  a  cluitcr  of  iiiands,  on 
the  S  W  fiile  of  St.  iie'ena  Uland,  cue  of 
the  largcft  of  which  is  Tort  Ria;i1.  Acljii- 
cent  to  Port  Royal  arc  St.  Helena,  Ladies, 
Parisj.and Himting Ulands.  'llie  Hunting 
Illands  arc  5  or  6  in  number,  bordcriii^ 
on  the  ocean,  fo  called  trom  tlie  number 
of  deer  and  otlujr  g;ar.e  louud  upon  thtni. 
All  thcfc  iiiands,  and  fonie  others  of  iefs 
note  belong  to  this  parilh.  'Ihe  prcducu 
of  the  iiiands  is  riie,  indigo,  cotton,  toiu, 
and  fvvcct  potatoes ;  the  cultivation  of 
which,  as  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the 
ftate.  Is  entirely  eairicd  on.  b_y  iiavoif. 
Tax€S  paid  by  St.  Helena  parilh  £  T144 
13  2.  Chief  town,  UeauJort,  on  I'ort 
Royal  ifland,  which  has  694  inliabitants. 
The  other  parts  of  tlie  pariili  coju.*iu 
2970  inhabitants. 

Helena,  St.  a  town  on  the  coaft  of  Flori- 
da, built  by  the  Spaniards,  and  burnt  by 
Sir  Fiancis  Drake  in  1585. 

Hell  Gate,  this  celebrated  ftrait  is  near 
the  W  end  of  L.  Ifland  Sound,  oppoiite  to 
Harlem  in  York  Ifland,  and  about  8  miles 
N  £  of  N.  York  city,  and  is  remarkable 
for  its  whirlpools,  which  make  a  tremen- 
dous roaring  at  certain  times  of  the  tide. 
Tbefe  whirpools  are  occafioned  by  the 
narrownefs  and  crookedncls  cf  the  paf- 
fage,  and  a  bed  of  rocks  wluch  extend 
quite  acrofs  it ;  and  not  by  the  meeting  of 
the  tides  from  £  to  W,  as  has  been  con- 
je«aured,  becaufe  they  meet  Frog's  Point, 
r3veral  miles  above.  A  fkiiful  pilot  may 
condudl  a  fliip  of  any  burden,  with  lafc- 
ty,  through  this  ftrait,  at  high  water  with 
the  tide,  or  at  low  water  with  a  fair  wind. 
There  is  a  tradition  among  the  Indians, 
that  in  fome  diftant  period,  in  former 
times,  their  anceftors  could  ftep  from  rock 
to  rock,  and  crofs  this  arm  of  the  fca  ou 
foot  at  Hell  Gate. 

Hcmloci,  a  lake  irt  N.  York  ft.Ue,  la 
miles  lonj,  and  1  broad,  in  the  Geucfiee 
country. 

Hemlock,  a  ftrcam  which  falls  into  Pc- 
nobfcot  ou  its  WfidcinTownlliip  llo.  4, 
about  9  miles  above  the  Great  Falls. 

HaxlifuU, 


V    ;  ■ 


HEN 


HER 


JJemfi/itlJfthe  name  of  two  townfliips 
in  Penulylvania,  the  one  in  Lancafler  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Wcnmoreland. 

Hemjleat/,  towns,  in  Qnccn  and  Rock- 
laud  counties,  N.  York.     See  Hampflead. 

Hendtrfon,  the  chief  town  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N.  Carolina,  Icated  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Yadkin  and  Huarry  rivers, 
•which  form  the  Great  Pedec.  It  has  a 
court  houfe,  35  miles  from  Salifbury. 

HendtrfoHs  Grant,  a  traiSt  12  miles 
fquare,  on  the  peninfuia  formed  by  the 
jundtion  of  Green  river  with  the  Ohio, 
in  the  Itate  of  Kentucky. 

Henderfon,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky  which  in- 
cludes the  greater  part  ol  the  above  grant, 
containing  1 263  inhabitants,  oi  whom  340 
are  flaven. 

llenderfan,  a  pod  town  of  the  above  co. 
786  miles  from  Waihington. 

Htnderfontotvn,  a  poft  town,  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N.  Carolina,  455  miles  from  Waih- 
ington. 

Henderfonville,  a  poft  town,  Nottoway 
CO.  Virginia,  204  miles  from  Wafliiugton. 

HenderfoHvitle,  a  poft  town,  Sumner  co. 
Teneflee,7ao  miles  from  Wafhiogton. 

Henley  Houfe,  a  ftation  of  the  Hudfon's 
Bay  Company,  on  the  N  bank  of  Albany 
river,  in  New  South  Wales,  150  miles  S 
"W  of  Albany  Fort,  .-vnd  no  N  W  by  W 
of  firunfwick  Houfe.  N  lat.  51  14  27, 
Wlon.  8j5  54. 

Heiimker,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfbcrough 
CO.  N.  HampHiire,  about  12  miles  W  of 
Concord.  In  177J,  it  containcu  367,  in 
2790, 1127, and  iniSoo,  1476,  inhabitants. 

Henlopen,  Cape,  forms  the  S  W  fide  of 
the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  and  Cape 
May  the  N  E  fide,  28  miles  apart.  Cape 
Henlopen  lies  in  N  lat.  38  50,  and  in  W 
Ion.  7j  a6.  There  is  a  light  houfe  here, 
a  few  miles  below  the  town  of  Lewis,  o' 
an  odbagon  form,  handfomely  built  of 
ftone  115  feet  high,  and  its  foundation  is 
nearly  as  much  above  the  level  of  the  fea. 
The  lantern  is  between  7  and  8'  feet 
fquare,  lighted  with  8  lamps,  and  may  be 
fecn  in  the  night  10  leagues  off  at  fea. 
Its  annual  expenfe  is  abont  £.650. 
There  is  a  ftrong  iron  net  work,  in  order 
to  prevent  birds  from  breaking  the  glafs 
at  night.  Yet  fo  attradlive  is  the  light  to 
tljc  winged  tribe,  that  (Iiortly  after  its 
«re<flion,  110  birds  of  different  kinds 
■^vcre  found  dead  one  morning,  and  a 
duck,  in  particular  flew  againft  it  with 
fuch  force,  as  to  penetrate  through  both 
the  wire  and  glafs,  and  was  found  dead 
in  the  lantern.    Since  the  above  accident, 


few  fimilar  ones  have  occurred,  and  the 
birds  have  become  more  wary  VcffcU  off 
Delaware,  upon  difplaying  a  jack  at  the 
the  foretopmaft  head,  will  be  immediately 
furniflied  with  a  pilot.  None,  however, 
are  to  be  depended  upon,  unlefs  they  are 
furniihcd  with  branches,  and  with  a  cer- 
tificate from  the  board  of  wardens  of 
Philadelphia. 

Henrico,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  about  30 
miles  long,  and  7  broad,  contains  4541 
free  inhabitant!),  and  4608  flaves.  Ic  is 
furroundcd  by  Hanover,  Charles  City, 
and  Goochland  counties, and  James  river. 
A  number  of  coal  mines  are  in  the  co. 
and  pits  have  been  opened  by  many  uf 
the  proprietors,  and  worked  to  confidora- 
hle  profit  The  coils  in  fcveral  of  the 
pits  are  found  nearly  200  feet  altove  the 
level  of  the  river,  and  3  or  4  feci  below 
the  furface  of  the  ground.  It  is  fuppof-' 
ed  that  500,000  buflicls  might  be  ruifcd 
from  one  of  thefe  in  a  year.  Chief  town, 
Richmond. 

Henriquelle,  a  remarkable  fait  |)ond  in 
the  Spanifli  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do. 
mingo,  about  22  leagues  in  circuit.  It  is 
inhabited  by  lizards  and  alligators,  and 
land  tortoifes,  all  of  a  large  fize.  The  wa- 
ter is  deep,  clear,  bitter  and  fait,  and  h»s 
a  difagreeable  fmell.  Near  the  middle  of 
this  pond  is  an  ifland  about  1  leagues 
long,  and  a  league  wide,  in  which  is  a 
fpring  of  frcfli  water,  well  flocked  with 
eabritoes,  and  thcncc  called  Cairito  ijland. 
This  pond  is  about  11  leagues  £  of  Port 
au  Prince. 

Henry,  a  cape,  the  N  eaftern  extremity 
of  Princefs  Ann  co.  in  Virginia,  I2  miles 
S  by  W  of  Cape  Charles  in  Northampton 
CO.  Thefe  capes  form  the  entrance  of 
Chefapeak  Bay.  Cape  Henry  lies  in  N 
lat.  37,  Wlon.  76  16. 

Henry,  a  fort  in  P"nnfylvania,  8  miles 
N  by  W  of  Mycr's  Town,  at  the  head  of 
Tulpehocken  creek,  32  N  of  Lane  alter, 
and  nearly  37  S  E  of  Sunbury. 

Henry,  a  mountainous  and  hilly  co.  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  Franklin,  S  and 
S  E  by  Patrick,  S  W  by  Grifon,  and  N 
V/  and  W  by  Montgomery.  It  is  about 
40  miles  long,  15  broad,  and  contains 
3844  free  inhabitants  and  i4ii  flaves. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. 

Henry,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
3258  inhabitants,  406  being  flaves. 

Hentionltan,  an  ifland  in  the  N  E  part  of 
Lake  Huron. 

Heriemer,  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  divided 
into    8    townfliips,  viz.   German    flats, 

Warren, 


•I 'ill  I 
M 


'*1'''"'" 


-11 


HER 

Warrett,  Frankfort,  and  Litchfield,  form- 
ed out  of  German  jluu  in  Ftb.  1796.  Her- 
kimer, Fairfield  and  Norway,  formed 
out  of  Fairfield^  Feb.  1796.  Schuyler. 
This  county  contains  14,479  inhabitants. 
1'hc  height  of  land  near  the  weftcrn  part 
of  this  county  is  at  fort  Scanwix.  Hence 
the  dreams  flow  in  oppofite  direiStions,  to 
the  Hudfon  and  Lake  Ontario.  Boitfs 
afcend  the  Mohawk,  at  fort  St:inwix  pafs 
thro'  the  canal  into  Wood  Creek,  dt-fcend 
the  (Iream  into  Oneida  Lake,  thence  thro' 
Onondugo  and  Ofwego  river  into  Lake 
Ontario.  I'wo  canals  with  locks  are 
completed,  one  uniting  the  Mohawk  and 
Wood  Creek,  and  is  a  i\  miles  in  length; 
the  other  at  Little  Falls  is  ^  of  a  mile 
long.  When  the  canal  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mohawk  is  completed,  thecity  of  N.  York 
will  enjoy  an  inland  navigation  to  Ni^tga- 
ra,  520  miles  without  one  carrying  plucc. 

Herkemer,  a  pod  and  chief  town  of  the 
alwve  county,  is  fituated  on  the  N  fide  of 
Mohawk  R.  The  towafliip  includes  the 
Tillage  called  Little  German  Flats,  and  the 
celebrated  plain  called  German  Flats. 
The  village  contains  a  coUrt  houfe,  gaol,  a 
Dutch  church,  and  about  40  dwelling 
houfes,  which  lad  are  very  indifferent 
buildings.  It  is  80  miles  N  W  by  W  of 
Albany,  16  S  £  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  and 
20  in  a  like  direction  from  Wliitedown. 
fn  the  midd  of  the  flats  is  a  fhrub  oak 
plain  of  80  or  100  acres,  barren  and 
ftony,  of  no  ufe  but  for  building  lots. 
The  townfliip  is  named  in  honor  of  gen- 
eral Herkemer,  who  was  mortally  wound- 
ed in  the  late  war.  It  contained  in  1796, 
by  the  date  cenfus,  2073,  and  in  1800, 
aj34  idhabitants. 

Hero,  North,  an  ifland  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  is  a  towndiip  annexed  to  Chitten- 
den CO.  in  Vermont,  and  contained  in  ^  7  90, 
125  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles  in  length, 
and  a  in  breadth. 

Htro,  South,  an  ifland  in  the  fame  lake, 
belonging  to  Chittenden  co.  Vermont,  is  a 
townihip  and  port  of  entry,  and  contains 
678^inhabitants.  It  is  14  miles  long,  and 
3^  broad.  Numerous  fmall  iflcs  furround 
the  Heroes.  This  ifland  produces  good 
crops  of  wheat  and  other  grain.  In  it  is 
a  quarry  of  bluidi  grey  marble,  which  has 
the  appearance  of  being  a  petrifaction  of 
fcallops,  a  fpccies  of  fliell  common  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  lake,  together  with  the 
common  earth  of  the  fliore,  which  is  of  a 
marley  fubdancc.  South  Hero  was  divid- 
ed into  2  townfliipsin  1798,  the  fouthem- 
moft  retains  its  original  uame,  and  the 


HIG 

northernmod  that  of  Middle  Hero,  and  cqn* 
tains  621  inhabitants. 

Heron,  Poft  au,  at  the  bay  of  Mobile,  in 
W.  Florida,  is  18  miles  £  of  Pafcagoula 
R.and  has  4  feet  water;  and  from  thenceto 
the  point  which  is  on  the  £  fidr  of  the  bay 
of  Mobil*,  in  N  lat.  30 1 7,  is  nearly  6  miles. 

Her  rids,  a  place  in  N.  Hampdead, 
Queens  co.  L.  Ifland,  in  N.  York,  where 
a  pod  office  is  cdabliflied,  28  miles  £  of 
N.York  city. 

Herring  Bay,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of  Chef- 
apeak  Bay,  Maryland,  26  miles  S  of  An- 
napolis, and  derives  its  name  from  the 
fifli  of  its  namewhich  frequent  it. 

Herring  Pond  Indians.     See  Sand-wieb. 

Hertford,  a  county  df  Edcnton  didvidl;, 
N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  by  the  date  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Bertie  co.  E  by  Chowan, 
and  W  by  Noithamptoii,  and  contains 
6448  inhabitants,  of  whom  2733  are 
flaves.    Chief  town,  Wyhton. 

Hertford,  a  pod  tonn  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Edenton  didridt,  and  capital  of  Gates  co. 
iituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Perquimin's  K. 
It  contains  about  20  houfes,  a  court  houfe, 
and  gaol,  and  is  18  miles  N  N  £  of  Eden- 
ton, and  38  S  by  W  of  Suffolk  in  Virginia. 

Hervty't  Ifle,  one  of  the.iiew  difcovercd 
iflands,  in  the  S.  Sea,  vinled  by  captain 
Cookini778.     SJaJUi^-fS,  W  Ion.  159  6. 

He-ue,  or  La  Haive,  a  port  and  cape  on 
the  S  coad  of  Nova  Scotia.  Here  the 
French  built  a  fort,  w^ich  was  taken  by 
the  Britidi  with  fome  lofs  of  men  in  1712. 

Hiatjlotvn,  a  village  in^Middlcfex  co.  N. 
Jerfey ;  13  miles  northeaderly  of  Trentpn, 
and  17  S  by  W  of  Bcunfwick. 

Hicksford,  a  pod  town,  Greenville  co. 
Virginia,  209  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Hickman  t,  a  fettlement  in  Fayette  co. 
Kentucky,  on  the  N  fide  of  Kentucky  R. 
10  miles  N  of  Danville  and  22  S  of  Lex- 
ington. 

Hid  Ifland  is  fituated  in  tlie  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory ;  in  Plein  R.  the  northern  head  water 
of  the  Illinois. 

Higbgate,  a  village  in  Georgia,  about  4 
miles  fromSavannah.     See  Hampjlead. 

Higbgate,  the  N.  wefternmod  townfliip 
except  Alburgh,  in  Vermont,  in  Franklin 
CO.  contains  324  inhabitants. 

Highlands,  a  mountainous  tradtof  coun- 
try on  the  banks  of  Hudfon  R.  in  the  date 
of  N.  York,  between  40  and  60  miles  N  of 
N.  York  city.  The  pafTage  on  the  river 
through  thefe  Highlands,  for  the  didance 
of  about  18  miles,  is  grand  and  romantic, 
in  a  high  degree.  I'he  opening  feems  to 
have  been  formed  on  purpofe  for  the 

paiTi-n* 


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1 1 


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HIL 


lilN 


E 


ilTt^jjc  of  this  noble  river.  In  tlicfc 
■Cfjhlands  arc  fitiiated  the  important  and 
finiotis  fortreflt's  of  Weft  Fointr  Fort 
Montgomery,  and  Stony  Point.  The 
mofl  noted  peaks  are,  a*  you  afccnd  the 
river,  Thunder  Hill,  St.  Anthony's  Nofe, 
Sugar  Loaf,  Butter  Hill,  and  Break  Neck 
HVII.  After  pafTing  the  two  laft,  the  coun< 
try  opena  delightfully,  andprcfent*  to  the 
eye  the  pleafant  villages  of  New  Windfor 
and  Newburgh  Thefe  mountains  abound 
with  iron  ore 

Higuey,  or  Alia  Omcia,  a  city  in  the  S 
E  part  of  the  Spanifli  divifion  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, the  eaftdrr.mofl  of  all  the  fettle- 
m«nts  in  the  iflanu  celebrated  formerly 
for  its  fertility,  and  the  quantity  of  fugar 
it  produced.  It  was  formerly  the  feat  of 
C.iyacoa,  the  moft  powerful  cacique  of  the 
illand.  It  hau  now  only  about  500  inhalv- 
itanta,  and  is  didant  about  40  leagues  to 
the  eaftward  of  St.  Domingo,  between 
xvhich,  and  Higiicy  are  three  roads,  the 
circuitous  and  northernmoft  of  which 
leads  by  Bayaguana.     N  lat.  18  30. 

Hilh,  a  river  in  Nitw  S.  Wales,  which 
empties  into  Hudfon's  Bay  at  York  Fort, 

Hiilfilule,  a  poft  town  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York,  I J  miles  E  of  Hudfon  city,  con- 
taining 4702  inhabitants. 

Hilljboroiigh,  an  ifland  on  the  Labrador 
coaft,  on  a  bay  nt  the  lisuj,  of  which  is 
Nain.    See  Nain. 

Hillfborough,  a  county  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
bounded  N  by  Grafton  co.  S  by  the  ftate 
of  MafTachuretts,  Why  Chefluro,  and  E 
by  Rockingham  co.  It  contains  43,899  in- 
liabitants,  who  chiefly  follow  agriculture. 
Chief  towns,  Amherft  and  Hopkinton. 

Hllljboroit^hy  a  poft  town  in  the  above 
CO.  (ituated  on  the  northern  head  branch- 
es of  Contocook  R.  about  1 8  or  90  miles 
W  of  Concord,  was  incoi;porated  in  17 7 a, 
and  contains  13 11  inhabitants. 

Hilljh'-Tnufrh,  a  townfliip^  iu'Somerfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  contained  in  1 790,  aaoi  inhab- 
itants, 15  mvlcs  W'of  Brunfwick,  and  18 
northerly  of  Trenton. 

Hilljh'irough,  a  village  on  theeaftern  fide 
of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Caroline  co.  Mary- 
land ;  feated  on  the  E  fideof  Tuckahoc 
Creek,  one  of  the  chief  branches  of  Chop- 
tank  R.  7  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Denton,  9  N 
W  of  Greenfborough,  and  478  S  W  of 
Chefter, 

IIl///barougb,one  of  the  middle  diftridts  of 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Favetteville  diftrlA,  E  by 
Halifax,  and  W  by  Salilbury.  It  com- 
prehends^ tke  counties  of  Ora«ville,  Per- 


fon,  Cafwell,  Orange,  Wake,  Cliatliairv 
and  Randolph;  and  contains  80,01}  in- 
halritants,  of  whom  22,198  arc  flavri. 
Chief  town,  Hillfborbligh. 

HlUJhorougbttL  poft  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  the  diftridl  of  its  name,  is 
fituatcd  in  Orange  co.  on  the  N  fide  of 
Eno  R.  in  a  high,  healthy  and  fertile 
country.  It'  contains  about  80  houfes,  a 
court  no ufe  and  gaol ;  and  had  in  1788 
an  academy  of  60  or  80  ftudents,  patron- 
ized by  the  principal  gentlemen  of  the 
ftate.  The  Eno  unites  with  Little  and 
Flat  rivers,  and  forms  the  Neus,  about  t  7 
miles  below  the  town.  It  is  180  miles  W 
N  W  of  Newbern,  a6  S  by  W  of  Perfon 
court  howfe,  101  W  by  S  of  Halifax,  no 
E  N  E  of  Swlilbury,  and  45 »  S  W  by  S  of 
Philadelphia: 

HUl/ioro,  s  poft  town  in  I^oudon  co. 
Virginia,  33  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Hilltop,  Charles  CO.  Maryland,  where  it 
ft  poft  office  39  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Hillto-wn,  a  fmali  town  near  the  centre 
of  Chefter  co  Pennfylvania  ;  a8  miles  W 
of  Philadelphia,  afld  4i  N  W  of  Chefter. 
Alfo  tbe  name  of  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  co. 
in  the  fame  ftate,  having  1 154  inhabitant!!. 

Hilton  Heait,  an  idMiii  of  3.  Carolina. 
Wand.9  W  of  Hilton  Head  He  Pinckney's, 
BiilU,  Dawfulkies  and  fome  fmaller  iflands, 
between  which  and  Hilton  Head,  are  Cal- 
ibogic  R'.  ani/^found,  which  form  the  out- 
let of  May.  and  Nfew  rivers. 

Hilton  t  Point,  in  Pifcataqua  R.  in  N. 
Hampfliire,  is  the  fpot  where  the  united 
(tream  of  Newichainiannuckand  Cochecho 
rivers  meets  tho wtftern  branchand forms 
the  Pifcataqua  i  From  thence  to  the  fea  is 
7  miles*  thecoutfe  generally.  S  to  S  E,  and 
the  river  is  fd°  rapid  that  it  never  freezes. 

Hlnche,  a  territory  and  town  in  the 
Spanifli  part  of  St<  Domingo.  The  can- 
ton of"  Vioche  is  bounded  W  by  the 
French'pari flies  of  Gbnaives,  Petit  Rivi^e 
andMirebalaisi  and  coatains  with  fome 
appendages  about  T2,ooo  fouls.  The 
town  contains  aliout  500  houfes,  aiild,  to- 
gether with  its  dependences,  4500  fouls, 
500  of  whom  are  capable  of  bearing  arms. 
It  is  fituated  on  the  £  fide  of  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Guayamuco,  64  miles  N  W  of 
St.  Domingo."     N  lat.  19  3. 

.  Hinijburgb,  a  poft  town  "in  Chittenden 
CO.  in  Vermonti  lie*  E  of  and  joins  Char- 
lotte on  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  933 
inhabitants. 

Hingham,  a  poft  town  in  Sufl»>lk  co. 
MafTachnfetts,  fituated  on.  a  fniall  bay 
which  fets  up  S  from  Bofton  Bay.      It 

contaiits 


^ 


itdt 


not 


r6ntaio(  a  number  of  houfet  compa<!lIy 
built,  two  Congregational  churches,  and 
a  well  endowed  fchool,  called,  in  honor 
lit  its  principal  donor  and  founder, 
Derby  School.  It  if  19  miles  S  E  of 
Boftun,  andaa  in  a  like  dire<SUon  from 
Plymouth.  The  townOiip  it  abont  4 
milei  fquarc,  confiils  of  two  pariflies,  wa» 
incorporated  in  1635,  and  contain*  911% 
inhabitants.  Here  are  6  grift  mills,  3 
l^w  mills,  and  a  fulling  mill ;  four  (^ 
which  are  tide  mills.  Two  hills  in  this 
town,  one  of  which  is  called  Baker's  Hill, 
prefent  extenfivc  and  delightful  profpedU 
of  Bofton  Bay,  its  iflands,  and  the  adjacent 
country. 

Hiii/jale,  in  Vermont,  now  Fcrntn, 
which  fee. 

li'ii\fdale,  a  townfhip  in  Chefltire  co.  N. 
HampHiire,  on  the  £  bilnk  of  Connedticut 
river,  where  the  S  line  of  the  ftatd  (Irikes 
the  river  in  41  4359  N  laf  and  is  oppofite 
to  VtrnttH  in  Vermont.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1753,  and  contains  634  inhabitants. 
It  is  about  38  miles  above  Northampton. 

Hiram,  a  poll  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
bas  iL  inhabitants. 

Hiffauiola.      See  Si.  Domingo. 

Hitgbelaga,  or  Hocbelaga,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage in  L.  Canada,  fituated  in  the  ifland 
of  Montreal,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tain fo  called;  It  is  fortified  after  the  In- 
dian manner,  and  the  inhabitants  fpeak 
the  Huron  language. 

Hittan,  a  village  in  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Maryland,  13  miles  Vf  by  S  of  Balti- 
more. 

Hiudjetfis  the  only  river  of  any  confe- 
^uence  which  empties  into  the  TencfTee 
^om  the  S.  It  in  a  bold  river  palling 
thro,ugh  the  Cherokee  towns,  and  empties 
into  the  Teneflee  alK>ut  40  miles  bejow 
the  mouth  of  the  Clinch,  and  46  above 
the  Whirl  or  Suck,  by  land,  biit  60  by 
wa^r.  It  is  navigable  till  it  penetrates 
the  mountains  on  its  S  iide.  Ore  was 
found  in  thefe  mountains,  when  in  poflef- 
fitin  of  the  Britiih,  from  which  gold  was 
e^tra<Slcd.  The  Indians  know  the  fpot ; 
but  are  very  anxious  to  keep  it  a  fecret. 
A  branch  of  the  HiwaiTec,  called  Amoia, 
aknod  interlocks  a  branch  of  the  Mobile, 
"fhe  portage' between  tjiem  is  fliort,  and 
tike  road  firm  and  level. 

HoUJboU.    See  Tappi.   imed. 

Hobokeriy  a  tradl  of  land  in  Bergen  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  W  bank  of  the  Hudfon, 
in  the  mountainous  country  between  the 
town  of  Bergen  and  Fort  Lee,  abvut  7 
wiles  above  N.  York  city. 


llocltlaga,  the  ancient  name  for  \\\i 
river  St.  Lawrence. 

Httiboctiiig,  a  river  in  the  Aate  of  Ohio, 
about  18  milei  below  the  Mulkingum, 
which  it  refemblcR,  but  is  inferior  to  it  in 
fize.  It  rifM  near  a  br-tnch  of  the  Scioto, 
and  taking  a  S  W  courfe  enters  the  Oliio, 
at  Bcllpre,  in  N  lat.  38  57.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  large  flatbottomcd  boats,  between 
70  and  80  mile4 ;  has  fine  meadows  with 
high  batiks,  which  are  fcldom  overflowed, 
and  rich  uplands  on  its  borders.  On  the 
banks  of  this  Ane  river  are  inexhauftible 
quarries  of  freeftone,  large  beds  of  irOa 
eie,  rich  mines  of  lead,  and  coal  pits. 
There  »ro  alfo  produ<::^ive  fait  fprings, 
lieds  of  white  and  blue  clay  of  an  excel- 
lent quality.  Red  bole,  and  many  other 
ufeful  fofTifs  have  been  found  on  the  banks 
of  this  river. 

Hockhoeiing,  a  port  town,  kofs  CO. Ohio, 
4ito  miles  froni  Wafliington. 

Hoekquar,  or  Hoctqiiart,  an  ifland  of  U 
Canada,  on  the  £  ildcof  liake  .Superior. 

Hog,  an  ifland  on  the  £  iide  of  Lake 
Champlain,  in  Franklin  ca  Vermont,  9 
mileU  long,  and  generally  about  3  broad. 

Hog,  an  ifland  in  Narraganfet  bay, 
Rhode  Ifland,  about  1  miles  iu  circumfer- 
ence, i  miles  from  Bridol. 

Hogton,  in  Martin  co.  N.  Carolina, 
where  is  a  pod!  oflice,  Z7Z  niiles  from 
Wafliington. 

Hog  JJland,  beloW  Peach  Ifland  in  V- 
Canada,  is  fihiated  in  the  (trait  of  Detroit, 
where  it  opens  into  lake  St.  Clair,  the 
lower  end  of  it  is  about  2  miles  above  De- 
troit ;  it  contains  about  300  acres  of  land 
fit  for  tillage,  and  a  large  quantity  of 
marfli  or  meadow  land.  It  has  lome 
woodonnt ;  the  land  is  low,  but  valuable 
for  pafturage,  is  well  improved,  and  con- 
tains in  ail  about  1700  ftatute  acres. 

Smyth. 

Hogpbege,  CtfUamanco,  and  Cherokee  t 
names  formerly  applied  to'  Tenejpe  river. 

,  Holden,  a  towniliip  in  Worccfter  co. 
Maflachufetts,  7  miles  N  of  Worcefter, 
and  51  miles  W  of  Boflion.  It  contains 
114a  inhabitants.  It  was  incorporateit^' 
in  1740.  In  the  eiirthquake  in  1755, 
there  wefe  feveral  acrei  of  land,  in  an  ob- 
fcure  place  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the  town- 
fliip,  quite  furrounded  by  a  -vilible  frac- 
ture in  the  earth,  of  a  circiiVar  form,  and 
of  various  width  and  depth.  The  fmalF 
river  there  had  its  bed  raifcd  fo  as  t<r 
occadon  a  coniiderable  fall  of  water, 
where  there  was  little  or  none  before. 
I'he  (lump  of  a  tree,  that  flood  diredtly 

OVWf 


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i'-'^flS^i 


ttoL 


HOM 


•Ver  thr  cliurin,  bn  the  £  Wan  divided  in- 
lu  two  equal  partu,  one  Oanding  ou  the 
Duttidc  of  tlic  chal'tn,  the  other  upon  the- 
iniide;  but  nut  uppufite  to  each  other  ; 
the  hah  witliin  the  chafin,  being  canied 
five  feet  lorward,  toward  the  river. 

HolJertiift,  a  towndiip  in  Graftoh  co. 
M.  Humplhirc,  un  the  £  fide  of  Pemigi- 
waHet  river,  was  incorporated  in  1701, 
and  contain*  i^i  inliahiiant*.  A  corner 
uf  Squam  Lake  is  in  this  towndiip  ;  and 
Rattlefiiiike  Mountain  lies  partly  in  this 
and  Sandwich,  the  adjoining  townfliip 
on  tl)c  N  £.  It  is  64  inilcs  N  N  W  of 
Purtfmouih. 

IlolJ-witl)  Ho/>t,  the  firft  land  difcovcrcd 
by  liudfon  on  the  eadern  coaft  of  Green- 
land, in  1607.      N  lat.  73. 

Hole  In  the  Wult,  a  villuge  in  Talbot  co. 
Maryland,  on  the  K  fide  of  Chefapcak 
bay ;  7  miles  eaftcily  of  Oxford,  and  a 
liUe  didaiice  S  of  Kiilton. 

Holland,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maflachurvttii,  which,  until  incorporated 
in  1785,  was  the  K  parifli  of  S.  Bnnifield, 
and  is  bounded  S  by  Tolland  co.  in  con- 
nei^ticut,  E  by  Worccfter  co.  and  north- 
ward by  Brimlicld.  It  contains  445  in- 
iii»bitant8,  and  is  75  miles  S  W  by  W  of 
Bo  (Ion. 

Holland,  Company  Lands,  are  fituated  in 
Pcnnfyivania,  on  the  navigabTe  waters  of 
Alleghany  ri-'er  and  French  Creek. 

Holland's  I/lands  are  near  to,  and  S  of 
Hooper's  Uland  in  Chefapcak  Bay. 

Hollamrs  Puint,  on  the  W  fide  of  Chcfa- 
peak  Bay,  together  with  Parker's  Ifland, 
loi  m  the  mouth  of  Herring  Bay. 

Holland's  River, m  U.  Canada,  runs  from 
the  S  W,  and  empties  into  Cook's  bay, 
lake  Simcor. 

Holies,  the  Nifitijet  of  the  Indians, 
a  townfliip  in  Hillfburough  co.  N.  Hamp- 
Atre,on  the  Maflachufetts  line,  incoipo- 
tatedin  1746.  It  is  about  70  miles  SW 
of  Portfmouth,  and  45  N  W  of  Boflon, 
and  contains  1557  inhabitants. 

HMdays  IJland,  lies  15  miles  up  Chowan 
river  in  N.  Carolina  :  thus  far  the  river 
i)  3  nules  wide. 

HolUJlan,  the  moft  fouthcrn  townfliip 
in  Middtefex  co.  ManTachufetts,  has  Hop- 
kinton  on  the  N,  Wrentham  on  the  E, 
and  is  28  miles  S  by  W  of  Boflon.  The 
ftrft  fettlcments  were  made  here  in  1710, 
knd  in  1724  the  town  was  incorporated 
by  its  prefent  name  in  honor  of  'I'homas 
HoMis  of  London,  one  of  the  patrons  of 
Cambridge  Univerfity  ;  and  it  now  con- 
tans  ;83  inhabitant}. 


Holmfi's  Hole,  Dukes  co.  Maflaclutfrtti, 
a  commodiouH  and  fate  harbour  on  the 
N  lide  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  Here  ii 
a  po(kofllcc,y8  miles  S  V,  of  Boflon,  and 
524  £  from  Wafliington. 

Holmijhiry,  Philadelphia  co.  Pcnnfyiva- 
nia, where  IS  a  pufl  oifaasijo  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

HelfloH,  a  branch  of  Tcneflcc  river,  rifes 
in  Virginia,  and  joins  that  river  22  iiiili.t 
below  Knoxvillc.  I:  is  a  large,  bold  rivti , 
upwiirds  of  300  yards  wide  at  that  town, 
is  about  aoo  tnllcs  in  length,  and  receive* 
in  its  courfe  fevcral  confiderable  riven, 
viz.  from  its  head  downwards,  Watauga, 
French  Broad,  (which  includes  Limeflime 
Creek,  Nolachucky,  Swanano,  Big  Laurel, 
and  Big  and  I^ittle  Pigeon)  and  little 
rivers.  The  flreams  on  the  northcru 
fide  arc  creeks  of  no  great  fize  or  length 
of  courfe.  Holflon  is  navigable  tur 
boats  of  25  tons  upwards  of  100  miles,  as 
high  as  the  mouth  of  the  N.  Fork;  at 
which  place  Mr.  David  Rofs  has  cre«fled 
iron  works  upon  a  large  fcale.  At  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  on  the  N  fide,  flands 
Fort  Grainger.  The  river  is  i.^o  yarrls 
wide,  16  miles  above  the  N  Fork 
at  Rofs's  iron  works,  and  nearly  j  above 
L.  Ifland,  and  in  N  lat.  36  27,  W  Ion.  83  8. 
See  Tenejfee  and  L.  IJland, 

Haljlon,  a  fettlcment  on  the  river  above- 
mentioned,  in  the  ftate  of  TenelTee,  con- 
taining, in  1790,  28,649  inhabitiints, 
though  in  the  year  1775  it  had  hardly 
2200 ;  yet  its  importance  during  the 
revolution  may  be  conceived,  when  it  is 
known  that  a  great  part  of  thofe  volun- 
teer troops  who  attacked  and  deff^atcd 
the  Britim  and  tories  on  King's  Moun- 
tain, who  were  commanded  by  Colonel 
Fergufon,  came  from  tliis  country.  The 
land  is  generally  fertile,  but  the  face  of 
the  country  is  much  broken.  Placed 
between  two  large  mountains,  it  feldom 
fuffers  for  want  of  rain.  It  abounds 
with  iron  ore.  A  capital  furnace  and 
forge  have  lately  been  ereded  in  Holflon, 
near  the  Virginia  line,  a  bloomery  below 
the  mouth  of  Watawga,  and  anotlier  aj 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  French 
Broad.  There  are  feveral  lead  mines  in 
the  fettlement,  one  in  particular  on  the 
French  Broad,  that  produces  75  per  cent, 
pure  lead.  L.  Ifland,  on  Holflon  river  is 
340  miles  S  W  by  W  of  Richmond  in 
Virginia. 

Holy  Rood,  a  bay  in  Newfoundland  I. 
at  the  head  of  Conception  Bay. 

Home  Djjlriiii  The,  in    U.  Canada,  wa« 

originally 


HON 


HON 


jt     i 


•rijpnally  eonftitutcd  and  eretflcd  !uto  a 
didrift  of  NhIIhii,  iit  the  province  of  Quo- 
bee,  by  Lord  D«rcht'(ler'»  iiroclamation  oi 
July,  1788  ;  it  received  its  ptel'ent  name 
by  an  adl  of  the  provincial  legillature  ; 
and  it  bounded  eaQerly  by  a  meridian 
pafling  tlirougli  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Trent ;  northerly  by  the  Ottawa  river 
into  lake  Tomilcanning,  and  the  bouniU 
of  the  Hudfon'i  bay  company ;  alio  by 
part  of  lake  Huron ;  wefterly  by  a  me- 
ridian palling  through  the  eahcrn  extrem- 
ity of  Long  Point,  or  the  N  Foreland  : 
and  foutherly  by  part  of  lake  Ontario 
and  part  of  lake  Erie.  Hmyt/i. 

^«M^r,  a  military  towndiip  in  Ononda- 
{oco.  N.  York,  on  the  head  wateri  of  the 
N  W  branch  of  Choncngo  river.  It  has 
61  a  inhabitants. 

Homoehitio,  a  (mMfirt^mottheMifCid}}- 
pi  territory,  whicli  falU  into  the  Miinfippi 
river,  a  few  miles  N  of  Loftus'  Heighta, 
inlat  31  itN. 

Hondo,  Rit,  a  river  of  Yucatan,  which 
empties  into  th^  bay  of  Honduras. 
This  river,  by  the  peace  of  1785,  was  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  tra<5l  fouthward 
of  Bellefle  river,  granted  by  the  Spani.irds 
to  the  Britifli,  to  cut  and  carry  away 
logwood. 

Hondi,  a  bay  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  Cuba,  weftward  of  the  Havannah. 

Hondurai,  a  province  of  New  Spain, 
having  the  bay  of  its  name  and  the  N.  Sea 
on  the  N  :  Yucatan  on  the  N  W ;  and 
the  MofquitoSliore  on  the  NE;  Nicaragua 
and  Guatimala  on  the  S,  and  Vera  Paz 
ob  the  W.  It  is  about  100  leagues  long 
and  80  broad.  It  abounds  with  honey, 
cotton,  fine  wool,  dye  woods  in  particular, 
and  has  fome  gold  and  lilver  mines.  The 
rivers  overflow  like  the  Nile,  and  enrich 
the  land.  The  air  is  good,  except  near 
the  lagootis  and  Iqw  grounds.  The  foil 
in  many  parts  bears  Indian  corn  thrice  a 
year ;  and  the  vineyards  hear  twice  a 
year ;  for  immediately  after  the  vintage 
they  cut  them  again  ;  and  the  fecond 
grapes  are  ripe  before  Chriftmas.  Val- 
ladolid  is  the  chief  town,  where  the  gover- 
nor and  biflidp  reftde.  Truxillo  is  alfo  a 
fine  town,  and  very  ftrong  by  nature  : 
and  Omoah  is  ftrongly  fortified.  The 
Spaniards  claim  this  country ;  but  the 
Englifh  have  been  long  in  pofl*e{Iion  of 
the  logwood  tradt  in  the  Bay  of  Hondu- 
ras, cutting  large  quantities  of  it  every 
year.  And  the  Mofquito  Indians  to  the 
£  of  this  province  have  entered  into 
treaties  witb  the  Englifli,  received  them 


into  their  country,  and  <l(inctl)cm  fi'veral 
i'ervii'«'i,  Beiidc,  the  Sp:iii>ards  have  na 
forts  in  this  bay,  or  in  tlie  country  of  tiie 
MolVjuito,  only  twofin.iil  mwiis. 

y/.W«r<fj,  AV.;  o/",  is  th.it  p;irt  of  tlo  N. 
Sea  bounded  N  by  the  lll.iiul  of  Cuh.i, 
S  by  the  Mofquito  lliore,  S  W  by  llic 
bay  of  HondurAH,  W  hy  the  poninl'iila  «<f 
Yucitan,  N  W  by  the  (Jiiif  of  Mexico,  K 
N  E  by  Jamaica,  and  the  Carii>l)eait 
Sci. 

HmJiir.n,  Buy  of,  noted  'or  cutting  of 
logNvoixl,  as  that  ot  Cainpculiy  formerly 
was.      It  lies  in  the  province  ot  the  fame 
naipc,  and  opens  betwixt  Cape  Honduras 
ill   Nlat.  I.T  30,  and  Cape    Catochc,  the 
t'afternmoft  point  of  Yiirat;in  in  N  lat.  21 
31.       The  diftance  between  thefe  capes 
i«  174,  miles.      Tlie  great  hkc  of  Nifaia- 
gua  hris  an  outlet   into   it  by  the    river 
Aniizclos,  or  Angelos,  only  navigable  bjr 
fmall  craft.      In  this  bay  arc  I'everai  fmafl 
illands,  particularly  the   Pearl  Illands,  a 
lihIcto;the  N,  but  the  poarls  fiflied  up 
are  not  in  fuch  quantities   as  formerly, 
nor  fo  large.      Sugar  river  alio,  a  fmall 
river  from  Vcraguas,  fall*  into  it.      It  lia« 
its    name  from   the    quantity    of  Sugar 
works,  with  which  the  country  a'^ounds. 
The  part  of  the  country  where  the  Eng- 
lifli cut  their  logwood  is  all  a  flat,  and 
a  great  part  of  it  a  morafs,  writh  IWveral 
lagoons,  which  arc  very  often  overflown. 
The  cutters  amount  to  15  or  1600  men  ; 
but  form  no  regular   colony;  yet   they 
choofe  a  chifif,  who  cannot  have  lefs  au- 
thority, luxury,  or  emolument,  or  whofe 
fubjefts    are    more    difobedicnt.      The 
quantity  of  wood  annually  furniflied  by 
the  bay  has  been  valued  at  20,000  tons. 
The  Englifh  export   only  about  6,000  ; 
but  the  principal  branch  of  the  trade  wan 
lately  carried  on  by  the  Dutch,  whole  an- 
nual clear  profit  ufed  to  amount  to  above 
90,000/.  fterling.      The  bay  is  fprinkled 
with  an  infmity  of  flioals,  rocks  and  cluf- 
ters  of  dro^vned   iflands,  which  abound 
with    great  numbers    of    green     turtle. 
There  are  feveral  channels  between  them, 
among  which  a  lliip  fliouid  not  venture 
without  an  experienced  pilot.    The  man- 
ati  is  frequently  met  with  here,  and  that 
called  the  Jewfifli,  which  is   fomething 
like  the  cod,  but  thicker  in   proportion, 
arid  much    better  eating.      They    have 
very  broad    fcales,    and  fome  of  them 
weigh  8ofbs. 

Honeyyoe,  a  lake  in  the  Gcneflee  coun-> 
try,  N.  York,  weftward  of  Canandarque 
Lake,  5  miles  long  and  3  broad. 

fftttgm 


\* 


!r.»i 


I 


CUA 

IffMga  HappKt  an  uninhabitable  rock  in 
Ae  Pacific  Ocean  not  half  a  league  in  cir- 
oumference,  lo  leagues  N  of  Tongatabuo, 
villble  15  leagues  dlAant. 

Honominiet,3t.  river,  in  the  N  W  Territo- 
fy  which  runs  S  S  eafterly  into  Puap  Bay. 
Between  the  head  of  this  river  and  Lake 
Superior  is  a  fliort  portage. 

Hoodtf  Ifiandf  one  of  the  Marquefas  7fl- 
,ands  in  the  S.  Sea,  fo  called  by  its  difcover- 
;Cr  Capt.  Cook.  It  lies  in  9  26  S  lat.  j  or 
6  leagues  N  by  W  of  the  £  point  of  I)Q;i;a- 
inica. 

Hooi  IJland.     See  Bombay  Hook. 

Hookftt  Falls,  ill  Mei-<riinack  river,  }uft 
below  the  mouth  of  Suncook,  7  miles 
above  Amufkeag  Falls,  and  8  below  C09- 
,eord,  N.  Hampfliire. 

Hooife-uim,  a  village  on  the  W  fide  of 
.Chefapcak  Bay  in  Maryland,  Baltiinoxc 
ca  6  mile;  N  W  of  Baltimore. 

HoohnvH,  a  village  on  the  £  fide  of 
jChcfapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot  co.  Maryland, 
N  of  EaQoni,  and  S  W  of  ^illiamfburg,  3 
miles  from  each. 

Hootigatonga,  an  uninhabitable  rock,  not 
lialf  a  league  in  circumference,  10  leagues 
N  of  Tongataboo,  fcparatcd  from  Honga 
ii<«ppee  by  a  channel  a  league  broad,  ruu- 

aingENEandWSyr. 

Hoofer's  ManJ  and  StraiO,  |ie  an  the  E 
fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  and  on  the  S'W 
/coad  of  Dorchcfter  co.  Maryland.  The 
ifland  is  7  miles  long,  an4  ii  broad. 

Hoofuci,  a  townfliip  io  RenfTelaer  co. 
M.  York,  oppofite  Bennington,  in  Ver- 
mont, and  has  3)41  inhabitants. 

Hoofuci,  a  river  of  Nl  York,  which 
fiills  into  the  Hudfon  from  the  E,  about  8 
miles  above  the  city  of  La^finburgh.  It 
rifes  in  Berkihire  co.  MaiTachufetts,  runs 
N  wefterly  through  Pownal  in  Vermont, 
thence  into  N.  York  ftate.  Its  length 
is  about  40  mile«.  The  curious  mill- 
ftream  called  Hudfon's  Brock,  which  falls 
into  a  N  branch  of  Hoolack,  is  defcribed 
in  the  account  of  ^</(/»r.r,  in  MaiTachufetts. 

Hope,  »  village  in  SuflTex  co.  N.  Jerfey, 
•n  the  pud  road  from  Newtown  to  Eaf- 
ton,  Pennfylvania,  16  miles  S  W  of  the 
former,  and  ao  N  E  of  the  latter.  It  is 
inhabited  by  about  100  of  the  Moravian 
ynited  Brethren.    Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Hope,  a  bay  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  fo  named  by  Capt.  Cook.  The 
entrance  of  Nootka,  or  St.  George's  Sound 
is  fituated  in  the  E  corner  of  Hope  Bay, 
in  N  lat.  49  33.  E  Ion.  233  la. 

Hope,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in  Wa- 
(J)ovia,  in  N.  Carolina,  in  Surry  co.  where 


O-UA 

is  a  meeting  houre  of  the  United  Bleth* 
reu.  T 

Hope  Tutonfiip,  in  the  co.  of  Durham, 
U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  Hamilton, 
and  fronts  lake  Ontario.  Smyih, 

Hope,^  fmail  ifland  In  Karraganfet  Bay, 
Aate  of  Rhode  Ifland. 

Hopftinutif  a  village  in  Ontario  co.  Jeru- 
falem  t«)wnfliip,  N.  York,  on  it,  riCng 
ground  near  the  creek  which  cbonedt 
CidDked  with  Seneca  Lake,  lulf  a  inilc 
from  the  former  L^ke,  i  j  ^iles  S  of  Ge- 
neva. A  fet  of  Merchants  mills  ,bf  the 
bcil  connrudUoa,  are  built  on  thl^  creek, 
^ccefldble  by  boats  from  Sen«ca  Lake. 

Hopt'wiU,  a  towniliip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  in  New  Brunfwick,  on  Cheppdie  riv- 
er, which  runs  esfterly  into  a  northern 
arin  of  the  Bay  of  Fpndy,  and  is  naviga- 
Jble  4  or  5  miles.         ' ' 

Hopevuetl,  diie  name  of  3  tdwnfliips  in 
Pennfylvania,  viz..  in  York,  ifimtingduu, 
.^d  Wafliipgton  counties. 

Hopevielt,  a  townfliip  in  Huoterdon  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  Delaware  river,  14  milc» 
W  of  Pritacetown,  and  1 1  above  Trenton. 
It  contaij^ied  in  1790,  9320  inhabitants, 
Another  ^ownihip  of  this  name  lies  in 
Cuniberland  co.  in  N.  Jet  fey. 

ftapkinsi  or  Hfpk'tHfoUle,  a  townfhip  iif 
Caledl^jwl  cq.  in  Vermont,  was  granted 
to  Dr.  Hopkins ;  1 1  miles  ^  W  of  the 
upper  bar  of  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls  in 
Connedticut  R. 

HopkitttoH,  a  half  fliire  town  of  Hillf!- 
borough  CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  Contno- 
cook,  river,  9  miles  S  W  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Merrimack*  and  divided 
from.  Concord  on  the  £,  by  the  Roekipg- 
ham  county  line.  It  was  nrft  granted  by 
MaiTachufetts,  was  incorporated  in  1765, 
and  contains  aoi6  inhabitants,  who  are 
chiefly  farmers.  It  is  a  handfome  flour- 
ifliing  toixrn,  4a  miles  E  by  S  of  Charkf^ 
town  on  Connei^icut  river,  and  about  58 
W  byN  of  Portfmouih. 

HopkintoM,  a  townfhip  in  Middlefex  co. 
Maflachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
X715,  and  contains  X37»  inhabitants. 
The  rivers  Concord,  Providence  and 
Charics  receive  each  of  them  a.  branch 
from  this  town.  Thefe  dreams  funiiQi 
feats  for  7  or  8  griAmills,  a  number  of 
fawmills,  iron  works,  &c. 

Hopk'mton,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington 
CO  Rhode  I.  on  the  W  line  of  the  ftatc, 
on  fcveral  branches  of  Pawcatuck  river. 
It  contains  227  inhabitants. 

Horn,  Cape,  the  foutheiii'  extremity  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  aod  of  S.  ^joSfv:*,  wa» 

firft 


HOW 

tril  failed  round  in  x6z6,  aud  the  ftraits 

were  difcovcrcd  in  1643.    S  lal.  55  j8, 

W  Ion.  67  ai. 

Horn,  an  ifland  on  the  coad  of  W.  Flor- 
ida, between  Ship  and  Maflacre  illands. 

Horn  ifland  is  nearly  17  miles  long 
and  about  half  a  mile  wide.  There  are 
more  trees  on  the  middle  of  the  ifland 
than  in  any  other  part  of  it  ;  aind  for 
about  3  miles  from  the  £  end  there  are 
no  trees  at  all ;  but  there  are  a  number 
of  fandy  hillocks.  HutMni. 

Hornet,  a  fmali  (tream  in  Maine,  which 
falls  into  Penobfcot  R.  on  its  W  fide  in 
Townfliip  No.  3,  the  fame  with  Hemlock, 
about  3  miles  above  the  latter,  and  about 
13  above  the  Great  Falls. 

HorntotoH,  a  village  in  Maryland,- 31 
miles  from  Snowhill,26from  Drummond 
or  Accomack  court  houfc,  in  Virginia, 
and  168  from  Philadelphia. 

Horfcneck,  a  point  of  land,  en  the  N 
fide  of  Long  Ifland,  between  Hog's  Neck 
and  Eadon's  Necki 

Horfeneck^\n\\\c  townfhip  of  Greenwich, 
Fairfield  co.  Conne(5tirut,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Pal  bom  Jing,  was  fettled  in  1680. 
A  bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between 
the  Dutch  and  the  Indians,  in  1646.  The 
Dutch  with  great  difficulty  obtained  the 
viiStory.  Great  numbers  were  flain  on 
both  fides ;  and  their  graves  appear 
to  this  day.  It  is  33  miles  S  W  of  N. 
Haven,  and  37  N  E  of  N.  York  city. 

Horfeneck,  a  village  in  Efl*ex  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,on  the  fouthern  bank  of  Paflaic  river 
above  the  Little  Falls,  4  miles  S  W  by 
S  of  the  town  of  Patterfon. 

Horjbam,  a  townlhip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  781  inhabitants. 

Horton,  a  towndiip  in  King's  co.  Nova 
Scotia.  Salmon  river  runs  through  Hor- 
ton, and  fupplies  the  inhabitants  with  ex- 
cellent falmon. 

HoJ^itallJland,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
in  U.  Canada,  in  front  of  the  townfliip  of 
Mvvardfburgh,  contains  about  100  acres ; 
it  lies  immediately  above  Point  au  Gallop. 

/fa//f,  a  mountaiii  in  the  W  part  of  the 
Speninfula  of  Si.  Domingo. 

Hot  Spring.     Sec  Virginia. 

Hoiigue,  Ln,  a  little  fort  9  leagues  be- 
yond the  Havaunah,  in  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
From  hence  vcflcis  l)cgin  to  difcovcr  La 
Pain  de  Mat;iuce,  a  mountain  whofe  top 
rcfcmbles  an  o  ven  or  a  loaf.  It  ferves  fiil- 
ors  to  know  tile  bay  of  Matancc  by,  which 
i»  about  14  le.\<Tuc8  from  the   Havannah. 

Hoiue,Fert,  oil  St.  Johu's  R.  in  N.  Brunf- 
wick,  is  capably  of  containing  lOO  men. 
Voi.Ii  ^e 


Howit  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Sea,  was  difcoT" 
ered  by  Capt.  Wallis,  July  30,  1767. 
Smoke  was  fccn  to  arife  trom  it,  but  no 
inhabitants  could  be  difcerncd.  S  lat.  x6 
46,  W  Ion.  154  8. 

Houabeine,  one  of  the  Society  Ifles,  in 
the  S.  Sea.  S  lat.  16  44,  W  ion.  iji  i. 
HozvttjnJ'i  Ferry,  is  the  narrow  part  of 
the  waters  that  fcparate  Rhode  I.  from  the 
main  land.  It  is  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
wide.  The  bridge  built  acrols  this  flrait 
coft  30,000  dollars,  and  was  carried  away 
by  a  florm  in  January,  1796.  It  •.*  re- 
built. 

Houfitomci,  or  Hooejfonnue,  a  river  of 
Conni:«Aicutv  in  the  Indian  language  Ilg- 
nifying  over  the  mountain,  rifcs  by  two 
fources;  the  one  in  Lanenioiough,  the 
other  in  Windfor,  both  in  Berkfliire  co. 
MaiTachufttts.  Thefe  branches  form  a 
}un<5lion  in  Pittsfield.and  the  river,  after 
palling  through  anumberoftowns,eniptic8 
ilfcU  into  Long  I.  Sound,  between  Strntrord 
and  Milford  in  ConnciSticut.  It  is  navi- 
gable abo-.it  12  miles,  to  Derby.  A  bar 
of  fliells,  however,  at  its  mouth,  obflru(fls 
the  navigation  of  h^rge  vtflch.  In  this 
river,  between  Salifbury  and  Canaan,  is  a 
cataratfl,  where  the  water  of  the  whole 
river,  which  is  150  yards  wide,  falls  per- 
pendicularly 60  feet.  Several  ufcful  mills 
and  iron  works  are  creiSledon  thefe  falls. 
Houfc  of  the  Devil.  See  Laie  Ontario. 
Houaiila,  a  uame  by  fome  applied  to  the 
N  E  branch  of  Illinois  river.  See  ThealHi, 
Houghton  Towiijh^p,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Walling- 
liam  and  Lake  Erie. 

Ho'.vard  Tonvnjbip,  in  the  CO.  of  Suflxilk, 
U.  Canada  lies  W  of  Oxford  ;.it  is  watered 
on  the  N  by  the  I'hamcs,  and  on  the  S 
by  Lake  Erie. 

Howe  IJlanJ,  in  the  CO.  of  Ontario,  IT. 
Canada,  lies  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
between  Wolf  ifland  and  Pittlburgh. 

HubbanlJIon,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  Mainichufttts,  and  formed  the  N  JS 
part  of  Rutland,  until  incorporated  ia 
1767.  It  borders  on  the  weftern  part 
of  Wachufct  Hill,  and  contnins  11 13 
inhabitants.  It  is  20  miles  N  W  of  Wor- 
ce{ler,and  60  W  of  Bofton. 

Hahbardton,  a  fmall  river  rifing  in  the  N 
part  of  this  townfliip,  notict-.tbleonly  for 
its5  falls  which  furnilh  excellent  mill  feats. 
Huliherton,  a  townfliip  in  Tutland  co. 
Vermont,  has ^^2  inhabitants, and  lies  jO 
miles  N  of  Bennington. 

Hitdfons  Bay,  took  its  name  from  Hen- 
ry Hudi'oo,  who  dijfcovercd  it  in  1610. 

V  ^ 


^  m 


:M  t. 


:W"fl 


HUD 


HUO 


It  lies  between  55  and  65  degrtfcs  of  N 
lat.    The  eadcrn  boundary  of  the  bay  is 
Terra  de  Labrador  ;  the  northern  part 
has  a  ftraight  coaft,  facing  the  bay,  guard- 
ed with  a  line  of  ifles  innumerable.     A 
'  vaft  bayt  called  the  Archiwinnipy  Sea, 
lies  within  it,  and  opens  into  Hudfon's 
Bay,  by  means  of  Gulf  Hazard,  through 
which  the  Beluga  whales  pafs  in  great 
numbers.      The    entrance    of  the  bay, 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  after  leaving, 
to  the  N,   Cape    Farewell   and   Davis's 
Straits,  is  between  Refolution  Ifles  on  the 
N,  and  Button's  illes,  on  the  Labrador 
coad,  to  the  S,  forming  the  eaftcrn  ex- 
tremity of  Hudfon's  Straits.    The  coads 
are  very  high,  rocky  and  rugged  at  cop  ; 
in  fome  places  precipitous,  but  fometimes 
exhibit    extenfive  beaches.    The  iflands 
of  Salifbury,  Nottingham,  and  Digges  are 
very  lofty  and  naked    The  depth  of  wa- 
ter in  the  middle   of   the   bay  is    140 
fathoms.     From  Cape  Churchill  to  the  S 
end  of  the  bay,  are  regular  foundings ; 
near  the  flxore,  ihallow,  with  muddy  or 
fandy   bottom.     To   the   northward  of 
Churchill,  the  foundings  are  irregular,  the 
bottom  rocky,  and  in   fame   parts    the 
rocks   appear  above  the  furface  at  low 
water.    Hudfon's  Bay  is  reckoned  about 
300  leagues  wide,  from    N    to    S:      Its 
.    breadth    is   unequal,   being    about    130 
leagues  where  broadeO:  ;    but  it  grows 
narrower  at  both  extremities,  being  not 
much  above  35  leagues  in  fome  places. 
In  the  account  of  N.  Britain,  we  have  giv- 
en a  general  account  of  the  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company's  fettlcmcnts  on  both  fides  of 
jaoies's   Bay.     The    commerce   in   the 
countries  adjacent  to  this  inland  fea  is  in 
the  hands  of  an  exclufive  Britifh  Compa- 
ny of  its  name,  who  employ  only  4  (hips, 
and  130  feamen.     The   forts  Prince  of 
,Wales,  Churchill  river,  Nelfon,  New  Sev- 
ern, and  Albany,  are  garrifoned  by^i86 
men.    The   French,  in  1782,  took  and 
dcdrnyid  thefe  fettlcmcnts,  &c.  faid  to 
'  amount  tothe  value  of  £.joo,ooo  fterling. 
The  Company's  exports  ace  to  the  amount 
of  £.16,000,  moftly  the  drugs  of  the  mar- 
ket, which  produce   returns,  chiefly  in 
beaver  fkins,  and  rich  furs,  to  the  value 
of  £.»9>ooo ;  yielding  government  a  clear 
revenue  of  £.3,734.    This  includes   the 
iifliery  in  Hudfon's  Bay.    The  fkins  aad 
furs  procured  by  this  trade,  when  manu- 
factured, aSbrd  articles  for  trading  with 
many  nations  of  Europe,togreat  advantage. 
Hudfons   Strait,    or  Frohijher's    MiJIaieii 

SfrMit,  which  leads  lAto  HudJTon's  Bay,  in 


a  wefterly  courfe,  is  76  mile*  wi4e,  bt^ 
tween  Cape  Chidley  and  the  S  point  of 
Refolution  Bland. 

Hudfons  Houfe,  one  of  the  Hudfon's 
Bay  Company's  fatStories  in  N.  America, 
lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Sufkafliawan,  river, 
100  miles  £  of  Manchcilcr  Houfc,  and 
167  S  £  by  E  of  Buckingham  Houfc.  N 
lat.  53  o  32,  W  Ion.  106  ^^  ao. 

Hudjon  Ri-ver,  pafTes  its  whole  courfe  in 
the  (late  of  N.  York,  and  is  one  of  the 
largefl  and    finefl  rivers  in    the  United 
States.     Tt  rifes  in  a  mountainous   coun- 
try, between  the  lakes  Ontario  and  Cham* 
plain.     In  its  courfe  foutheaflerly  it  ap- 
proaches  within  6  or  8  miles  of    lake 
George  ;  then,   after   a  fliort  courfe  S 
turns  foutherly,  and  receives  the  Sacon< 
daga  from  the  S  W,  which  heads  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Mohawk  river.    The 
courfe  of  the  river  thence  to  N.  York, 
where  it  empties  into  York  Bay,  is  very 
uniformly  8  ii   or  15  W.      Its   whole 
length  is  about  250  miles.    From  Albany 
to  lake  George  is  65  miles.  This  diflance, 
the  river  is  navigable  only  for  battenux, 
and  has  two  portages,  occafioned  by  falU, 
of  half  a  mile  each.   'The  banks  of  Hud- 
fon's river,  efpecially  on  the  weflern  fide, 
as  far  as  the  highlands  extend,  arc  chiefly 
rocky  cliiTs.    The   pafTage  throUgh  the 
Highlands,  which  is  16  or  18  miles,  af- 
fords a  wild  romantic  fcenc.    In  this  nar- 
row pafs,  OD   each    fide  of    which  the 
mountains  rower  to  a  great  height,  the 
wind,  if  there  be  any,  is  collc<Slcd  and 
comprefTed,  and   blows   continually  as 
through  a  bellows  ;  vefTels,  in    pafTing 
through  it  are  often  obliged  to  lower  their 
fails.    The  bed    of  this  river,  which  it 
deep  and  fmooth  to  an  aflonifhing  dif- 
tance,  through  a  hilly,  rocky  country,  and 
even  through  ridges  of  fome  of  the  high- 
eft  mountains  in  the  United  States,  mull 
undoubtedly    have    been   produced    by 
fome  mighty  convuliion  in  nature.    The 
tide  flows  a  few    miles    above  Albany,  i 
which  is  160  miles  from  N.  York.    It  it 
navigable  for  floops  of  80  tons  to  Albany, 
and  for  fhips  to  Hudfon      Ship  naviga- 
ti^u  lO  Albany  is  interrupted  by  a  num- 
ber of  iflands  and  flioats  6 1  1  ?  miles  be- 
low the  city,  called  the  Cviifiaugb.     It 
has  been  in  contemplation  to  con6ne  the 
river  to  one  channel,  by  which  means  it 
will  be  deepened,  and  the  difficulty  of  I 
approaching  Albany   witJi  vefTels  of  a 
larger  fizc,  be  removed.    Abont  60  milei 

I  above  N.  York  the  watei'  becomes  freflt. 
The  river  11  ftortid  with  a  variety  of  fifli, 
ivbi«k 


HUB 

whScli  renders  a  fuinmer  pafl*age  to  Alba- 
ay,  delightful  and  amuiing  to  thofc  who 
are  fond  of  angling.    The  advantages  of 
this  river  for  carrying  on  the  fur  trade 
with  Canada,  by  means  of  the  lakes,  are 
very  great.    Its  conveniences  for  ioterual 
commerce  are  Angularly   happy.     The 
produce  of  the  remoteft  farms  is  eafily 
and   fpeedily  conveyed  to  a  certain  and 
profitable  market,  and  at  the  lowed  ex- 
penfc.     In     this   refpe<fl,  N.  York   has 
jrcatly  the  advantage  of  Phi^adclpliia.  A 
great  proportion  of  the  produce  of  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  is  carried  to  market  in  waggons, 
over  a  great  extent  of  country,  fome   of 
which  is  rough  ;  hence  it  is  that  Philadel- 
phia is  crowded  with  waggons,  carts, horfcs 
and  their  drivers,  to  do  the  fame  bufinefs 
that  is  done  in  N.  York,  where  ail   the 
produce  of  the  country   is  brought  to 
market  by  water,  with  much  lefs  fliew 
and  parade.     But  Philadelphia  has  other 
advantages,  to  compenfate  for  this  natu- 
ru  -leie^     The  increaiing  population  of 
tl-      ''f 'tile    lands    upon  the   northern 
.,    s  of  the  Hudfon,  mud  annually 
'11       ' .  the  amazing  wealth  that  is  con- 
veyed by  its  waters  to  N.  York.    The 
northern  and  weftern  canals,  when  com- 
pleted, will  be  of  incalculable  advantage 
to  the  trade  of  this  ftate. 

Hudfon's  River,  a  broad  but  fhort  river 
emptying  into  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Dor- 
chefter  eo.  Maryland.  Hill's  Point,  N  E 
of  it,  fhapes  the  broad  mouth  of  the  river. 
Hudfon  City,  a.  port  of  entry  and  poll 
town  in  Columbia  co.  N.  York,  on  the  £ 
fide  of  Hudfon  R.  55  miles  S  by  E  of  Al- 
bany, and  13a  N  of  N.  York  city.  In  the 
autumn  of  x  783,  MefTrs.  Seth  and  Thomas 
Jenkins,  from  Providence,  of  Rhode  Ifland, 
fixed  on  tbe  unf(^ttled  fpot,  whereon  this 
city  (lands,  for  a  town,  to  -which  the  city 
i»  navigable  for  ved'els  of  any  lize.  The 
city  is  laid  out  into  large  fquares,  bbrder- 
ing  on  the  river,  and  divided  into  30  lots. 
Other  adventurers  were  admitted  to  pro- 
portions, and  the  town  wras  laid  out  in 
fquares,  formed  by  fpacious  ftteets,  croff- 
ing  each  other  at  right  angles.  Each 
fquare  contains  30 lots,  two  deep,  divided 
by  a  20  feet  alley.  E^ch  lot  is  50  feet  in 
front  and  lao  feet  in  depth.  In  the  fpring 
of  1784,  fevcral  houfcs  and  (lores  were 
tredted.  The  increafe  of  the  town  from 
this  period  to  the  fpring  of  1786,  two 
years  only,  was  aftonifliingly  rapid,  and 
refledks  great  honor  upon  the  enterprif- 
iBg  and  perfevering  fpirit  of  the  original 
founders.  In  the  fpace  of  time  juft  men- 
<tQBed  BO  kia  than  ijo  dwelling  hoafet^ 


HUD 

befide  fliops,  barns  and  other  buildings,  4 
warchoufcs,  feveral  wharves,  fpcrmaceti 
works,  a  covered   ropewalk,  and   one  of 
the  bcft  diftilleries  in  America,  were  ere<fl- 
cd,  and  15CO  fouls  colletflcd  on  a  Ipot, 
which  three  years  before,  was  improved 
as  a  farm,  and  but  two  years  before  began, 
to   be  built.     Its  increafe  fincc  has  beea 
very   rapid;  a  printing  office   has  been 
eftabliflied,  and  fr.veral  public  buildings 
have  been  erecflcd,  bcfide  dwelling  boufes, 
ftores,  &c.     The  inhiibitants  are  plentiful- 
ly and  conveniently  fupplied  with  water, 
brought  to  their  cellars  in  wooden  pipes, 
from  a  fpring  2  miles  from  the  town.     It 
has  a   large  bay  to  the  futithward,  and 
flands  on  an  eminence  from  which  arc  •x- 
tenlive  and  delightful  views  to  the  N  W, 
N,  and  round  that  way  to  the  S  E,  cou- 
fifting  of  hills  and  vallies,  variegated  with 
woods  and  orchards,  corn  fields  and  mead- 
ows, with  the  river,  which   is   in  moft 
places  a  mile  over,  and  may  be  feen  a  con- 
iiderable  diflance  to  the  northward^  form» 
ing  a  number  of  bays  and  creeks.     From 
the   S  E  to  the  S  W,  the  city  is  fcreeued 
with  hills,  at  different  xliftances,  and  weft 
afar  off  over  the  river  and  a  lar^e  valley, 
theprofpedtis  bounded  by  a  chain  of  flu- 
pendous  mountains,  called  the  Kaats  KJll, 
running  to  the  W  N  W,  which  add  mag- 
nificence and  fubliniity  to  the  whole  fceiie. 
Upwardsofiaoc  Heighs entered  the  city  dai- 
ly, for  feveral  xlays  together,  in  February, 
1786,  loaded  with  grain  of  various  kinds, 
boards,  fliinglcs,  (laves,  hoops,  iron  ware, 
flone  for  building,  firewood,  and  fundry 
articles  of  provilion  for  the  market,  from 
which  fome  idea  may  be  formed  of  the 
advantage  of  its  fituation,  with  r«rped!t  to 
the  country  adjacent,  which  is  every  way 
cvtenfivc  and   fertile,  particularly  wefl- 
ward.     The  original  proprietors  of  Hud- 
fon, offered  to  purchafe  a  tradt  of  land 
adjoining  the  S  part  of  the  city  of  Albany, 
and  were  condrained,  by  a  refufal  of  tlie 
propofltion,  to  become  competitors  for 
the  commerce  of  the  northern  country, 
when     otherwifc     they     would     have 
added  great   wealth  and  confequence  to 
Albany.     There  is   a   bank  here,  called 
Bank  of  Columbia,  whofe  capital   may 
not  exceed  160,000  dollars.     It  is  com- 
pofed  of  400  fliares,  at  400  dollars  each. 
Hudfon  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  re- 
corder,4  aldermen,  4  aflidants  and  a  num- 
ber   of  other    officers.      The    number 
of  inhabitants    in  Hudfon    Townjiij),    is 
3664.     N  lat.  42  14. 

Hudfon,  a  flourifhing  town  in  Trumbull 
CO.  lUte  of  Oliio,  about  jj  miles  W  of 

Warren, 


'*,  "      4  If 

1  -  '   ,  .1    f  ■■ 


i-,,;. 


*.  i:' 


K      I 


Mi 


r-".i 


V^ 


Ui 


HUN 


HUN 


Warren,  containing  about  300  inhab- 
itantR. 

Hiigbrjhurg,  a  town  in  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  called  alio  Catatuejfy, 
lltnatcd  at  the  mouth  of  Catawe/Ty  creek, 
25  niile^  N  £  of  Sunbury.  It  contains 
about  60  handfome  houl'cs,  and  a  meet- 
ing houfe  for  friends.  It  has  1315  inhab- 
itants, and  is  144  miles  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia.     N  lat.  40  54. 

Hull,  the  Indian  Nantafkct,  a  town  of 
SuiTolk  county  Maflachufetts,  containing 
about  21  houfes,  %s  families,  and  117  ii> 
habitants,  and  has  a  meeting  houfe.  It  is  a 
pcninfula,  8  miles  lung,  9  miles  £  of  Bof- 
ton,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  harbour.  Grape 
Ifland,  the  Great  Brewfters,  and  feveral 
other  illands,  lie  near  it.  On  the  eaftern 
fide  of  the  town  are  two  forts,  in  one  is  a 
well  90  feet  deep,  which  often  has  85  feet 
of  water.  In  digging  it  the  ftrata  of  fticlls 
&c.  the  whole  depth,  were  regularly  dif- 
pofed,  as  on  the  beach.  Mull  is  joined  to 
Ilingham  by  a  milldam,  where  a  mill  was 
ereiSked  by  a  mutual  grant  from  the  two 
towns,  about  the  year  1640,  which  now 
pays  taxes  equally  to  l)oth  towns,  accordr 
ing  to  the  contraOit  mnde  at  that  time. 

Humaa,  an  Indian  village  on  the  W  fide 
of  MiflTiiippi  R.  in  Louifiana,  60  miles 
above  New  Orlcan?.  The  Humas  were 
formerly  a  confiderable  nation,  but  about 
1770  were  reduced  to  about  15  warriors. 
The  Aiabamas,  whofc  villages  are  near 
thofe  of  the  Hamas,  had,  at  the  above 
period,  .iboi^  30  warriors,  and  followed 
the  French  here  when  they  abandoned 
the  port  on  Alabama  river  in  1762.  The 
Chctimachas  have  about  a;  warriors. 

Humber  Jtiver,'m  the E  riding  of  the co. 
of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  empties  itfclf  into 
lake  Ontario,  a  little  to  the  caflward  qf 
the  old  fort  Torento. 

Humber,  a  river  uf  Newfoundland  I. 
which  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  through  the  bay  of  Iflands. 

Humbeijfone  Toiutijbip,  in  the  CO.  of  Lin- 
coln, U  Canada,  lies  between  Bertie  and 
Wainfleet,  and  fronts  Lake  Erie. 

Hummel's  'Xoiun,  a  thriving  town  in 
Dauphine  co.  Pennfylvania,  containing  a 
German  Lutheran  church,  and  about  90 
houfes ;  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  Swctara 
creek,  6  miles  N  of  Middletown,  lo  E  by 
N  of  Harrilburg.and  100  WNW  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Hungarytoivn,  a  poft  to\/n  of  Lunen- 
Vurgh  CO.  Virginia  215  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

Miingerford  TmwJhip^^VL  the  CO.  of  Haf- 


tings,  U.  Canada,'lics  in  the  rear  and  N  of 
the  Mohawk  tradt. 

Himgerf'ird,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  containing  in  1790,  40  inhab- 
itants, 7  miles  S  of  the  Canada  line  and 
14  £  of  L.  Champlain. 

Hunger  Creek,  a  Aream  which  carries 
the  various  water  machinery,  in  the  new 
and  thriving  manufatSturiugtownof  Ham- 
ilton, between  Albany  and  Schenc<^ady. 

Hunter  Fort,%\  miles  W  of  Schencdla- 
dy,on  the  S  fide  of  Muhawk  river, at  the 
mouth  of  Schohaiie  Cretk,  over  which  a 
bridge  is  about  to  he  built.  Here  is  an 
old  chvch  built  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Ann,  and  3  or  4  houfes.  At  this  place 
was  the  Old  Mohawk  town,  which  w.ti 
abandoned  by  that  nation  as  late  as  the 
Spring  of  1780.  Thcfe  Indian's  had 
made  confiderable  advances  in  civiliza- 
tion ;  <:ouid  generally  fpeak  the  Englith 
language,  and  numbers  of  them  m^dc 
profeffion  of  their  faith  in  the  Chridian 
religion.  In  the  church  which  is  now 
Handing,  they  ufed  to  attend  public  wur- 
fliip  in  the  Epifcopal  form.  Thcfe  In- 
dians are  now  fettled,  a  p^rt  of  them  on 
Grand  river,  a  northern  water  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  a  part  of  them  in  another  part  uf 
U.  Canada.  None  of  this  nation  now  re- 
main in  the  United  States.  The  father 
of  the  only  remaining  family  was  drown- 
ed in  1788. 

Huntetdoif  Co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  bounded 
N  by  that  of  Morris,  E  by  Somerfct,  S  E 
by  Burlington, S  Wand  W  by  Delaware 
river,  which  feparates  it  from  the  fiate  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  N  W  by  Suflex  co.  It 
is  about  40  miles  long,  and  32  broad,  is 
divided  into  10  townfiiips,  and  contains 
2i,a6l  inhabitants, including  i22oflave8. 
On  the  top  of  MuikoDCtcong  mountain 
in  this  county,  is  a  looted  medicinal 
fpring,  much  reforted  to.  It  iflfues  from 
the  fide  of  a  mountain  into  an  artificial 
refcrvoir,  for  the  accommodation  of 
thofe  who  wifli  to  bathe  in,  as  well  as  to 
drink,  tho  waters.  It  is  a  (Irong  chal- 
beate.     Trenton  is  the  chief  town. 

Hunierjiotout  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
fituated  in  York  co.  25  miles  W  by  S  of 
York  Town. 

Hunting  Creek,  in  Virginia,  runs  E  into 
Patowmack  river,%t  the  S  corner  of  the 
territory  of  Columbia. 

Hunting  Creek  Town,  a  village  in  the 
northern  part  of  Dorchefter  co.  Mary- 
land ;  14  miles  N  N  W  of  Vienna,  16  S 
by  W  of  Denton,  and  i8  N  E  of  Cam- 
bridge. 

HuiitingJan, 


HUN 

HuHiingJ»n    College.     See    Georgia. 

Huntingdon,  an  extcnlivc  and  mountain- 
ous county  in  Pcnulylvaniii,  bounded  N 
and  N  W  by  I^ycomiug  county,  E  and  N 
li  by  Mifflin,  S  ii  by  Franklin,  S  andS  W 
by  Bedford  and  Somerfet,  and  VV  by 
Weftmoreland.  It  is  about  75  mi{es  long 
4nd  39  broad  ;  contains  1,432,960  acres 
of  land,  divided  into  18  towqlhips,  which 
contain  3008  inhabitants.  Limeltone, 
iron  ore,  and  lead  are  found  l^ere.  A  fur- 
nace and  two  forges  mauufa<Sturc  conild- 
erable  quantities  of  pig  artd  bar  iron,  and 
hollow  ware  ;  large  works  have  aUip  been 
edabliHied  for  manufacturing  of  lead.  A 
mineral  fpring,  6  milr s  N  N  E  from  Hun- 
tingdon, is  celebrated  fur  relieving  the 
rheumatifm,  and  curing  cutaneous  com- 
plaints. 

Huntingdon,  is  the  capital  and  9  pod 
town  of  the  above  county,  on  the  N  E 
fide  of  Juniatta  river,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  Standing  Stone  creek,  50  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  Juniatta,  contains  about  90 
hpufes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  1151  in- 
habitants. It  is  about  13  nules  ^  S  W  of 
Lewis  Town,  and  184  W  N  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Huntingdonboro,  in  the  fiiine  county,  con- 
tains 688  inhabitant). 

Huntingdon,  a  poft  town  on  the  N  fide 
of  Long  I.  N.  York,  at  the  head  of  a  hay 
in  Suffolk  CO.  which  fets  up  S  from  the 
found,  contains  about  70  holies,  a,  Pref- 
b}rterian  aiui  Epifcopal  churcfil;^  It  is  38 
miles  E  by  N  of  N.  York  city.  It  is  op- 
pofite  to  Norwalk  in  Conne<3icut,  and 
contains  3894  inhabitants. 

Huntingdon,  North  and  Scittb,  two  town- 
Slips  in  Weftmoreland  cp.  Pennfylvania, 
containing,  the  foripier  1484  inhabitants, 
the  latter,  2317. 

Huntingdon,  a  pofl:  town  in  Fairfield  co. 
Counetffacut,  feparated  from  Derby  on 
the  N  E  by  Stratford  river.  '  It  has  ^79^ 
inhabitants. 

Huntington,  formerly  Nnv  Huntington,  a 
port  town  in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont,  on 
the  S  fide  of  Onion  river,  15  miles  S  £  of 
Burlington,  containing  405  inhabitants. 

Hunting  Town,  a  yillage,  where  is  a  pofl: 
office  on  the  W  fide  of  Chcfapcak  bay  in 
Maryland,  on  the  S  £  fide  of  Hunting 
Creek,  in  Calvert  co.  3  miles  N  by  W  of 
Prince  Frederick,  and  22  £  N  £  of  Port 
Tobacco. 

Huntfljrg,  a  port  town  in  Franklin  co. 
in  Vermont.  It  is  fituated  on  the  Canada 
line,  having  280  inhabitants. 

ffunit  foivtt,'m  the  9eat  of  JuHicf  in 


HUR 

Jeffcrfon  county,  (Miflifippi  TcrrltoryJ 
lituated  on  an  elevated  plain,  near  tlio 
middle  fork  of  C dole's  creek,  about  25 
miles  N  from  the  town  jjf  Natchez,  on  the 
main  poll  road  to  Naflwiile  (In  Tenncflcc) 
about  10  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Cole's 
creek,  where  itcinpiies  into  the  rvHHifip- 
pi  river.  'I'his  town  is  lurrounded  by  a 
rich  fertile  country,  fetthd  by  iuduHrious 
and  wealthy  inhabitants.  I'hc  healthy 
fituation  of  this  place,  together  with  its 
local  ad  vantages, render  itciiual,  if  not  fu- 
pe.  ior,  to  any  in  the  Miflifippi  Territory. 
An  elegant  court  houfe, gaol,  I'evera!  fiores 
and  dwelling  houi'cs  have  been  built  hc:c. 

Huiiifville,  a  pofltpwn  in  N.  Carolina,  10 
miles  from  Bcthania,  and  1 6  from  Rockford. 

HurUy,  a  towulliip  in  Ulfter  co.  N.York, 
.containing  1 159  inhabitants.  'I'hc  con;- 
patO:  part  contains  about  30  houfcs,  fituv 
ated  on  Efopus  Kill,  about  5  miles  from 
the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  100 
N  of  N.  York.  'I'he  lands  around  it  ar<t 
low  and  fertile,  but  inlcltcd  with  wi]4 
opions, 

Huron,  one  of  the  five  principal  norths 
«rn  lakes.  It  lies  between  43  30,  and 
47  30  N  lat.  and  between  80  45,  and 
84  45  W  Ion.  and  is  reckoned  to  be  up- 
wards of  looo  miles  in  circumference. 
The  fifli  are  of  the  fame  kind  as  in  I^ako 
Superior,  and  it  communicates  with  that 
lake  through  the  flraits  of  St.  Marie  OQ 
the  N  W  with  Mitchigan  on  the  W,  au4 
with  Erie  on  the  S.  It  is  of  a  triangular 
fliape.and  on  the  S  W  part  is  Saguinum  or 
Sagana  bay,  80  miles  in  length,  and  about 
1 8  or  20  m  breadth  ;  the  other  mofl  re- 
markable bay  is  Thunder  Bay ;  which  fee 
— alfo  fee  Manataulin  JJland,  and  Michilli- 
maiiinaci.  On  the  banks  of  the  lake  are 
found  amazing  quantities  of  faud  cherries. 
The  land  bordering  on  thp  weftern  fliorc 
of  the  lake  is  greatly  inferior  in  quality  to 
that  on  ^ake  Erie.  It  is  mixed  with  fand 
an4  fmall  Hones,  and  is  principally  cover- 
fd  with  pines,  birch,  and  fome  oaks ; 
but  a  little  diftanco  from  the  lake  the  foil 
is  very  luxuriant.  Twenty  years  ago, 
part  of  the  Indian  nations,  called  Chtpa- 
ways  and  Ottawas,  who  inhabited  round 
Saguinum  bay  and  on  the  banks  of  the 
lake  could  furnifli  200  warriors  ;  and 
thofe  of  the  latter  nation,  who  lived  on 
the  E  fide  of  lake  Micliigan,  21  miles  front 
Michillimackkinack  could  furuifli  200 
warriors. 

Huron,  a  fmallriver  of  the  N.  W.territo* 
ry,  which,  after  a  courfe  of  38  miles,  falU 
into  Lake  St.  Clair  from  the  N  W.    Gna- 

denhuctt«ii 


:i;'i' 


;*!..■'      ' 


4!':;hi. 


ICU 

Aonhuetten  Kcs  on  this  river.  Alfo  the 
■amc  of  another  finull  river  in  the  fame 
territory,  which  runs  N  eaftward  into  lake 
Erie,  40  miles  weftward  of  Cayahuga,and 
15  S  E  of  the  mouth  of  Sanduiky  Lake. 

Hyan'u  Road,  See  Barnjlable,  in  MaiFa- 
•hufetts. 

Hpch,  a  maritime  county  in  Newbern 
diftrnft,  N.  Carolina ;  bounded  E  by  the 
ocean,  W  by  Beaufort  co.  N  by  Tyrrel, 
and  S  by  Carteret.  It  contains  4783  in- 
habitants, of  whom  1386  are  Haves.  At  the 
court  houfu  is  a  pol^  office. 

Hycootee^  or  Hycoo,  a  fmall  river  which 
empties  into  the  Dan,  about  4  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Staunton  river. 

HyJepuri,  a  townlhip  in  Oi'leans  coun- 
ty, in  Verpiont,  containing  no  inhabit- 
ants.    It  is  25  miles  S  of  the  Canada  line. 


J.  AGO.    See  Jago,  or  Yagt. 

lata,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  ChilL 

Ibberville,  a  river  or  rather  a  fort  of  nat- 
ural canal,  of  W.  Florida,  which,  when  the 
MifTifippi  ovcrfltjws,  and  is  high  enough 
to  run  into  it,  (which  is  generally  in  the 
months  of  Majr,  June,  and  July)  forms  j 
a  communication  for  veflels  drawing  1 
three  or  four  feet,  from  the  Miifilippi  to  | 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  eaftward,  through 
the  lake*  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain.  ! 
This  canal,  which  has  been  dignified  with 
the  name  of  river,  is  dry  all  the  reft  of 
the  year.  Its  jundlion  with  the  Miifi- 
lippi is  at  the  town  of  Manfliack,  which 
Hands  on  its  N  bank  at  its  mouth,  in  lat. 
30  17.  Itscourfe  is  E  iz  or  15  miles, 
■wheh  it  receives  the  river  Amite  from  the 
N,  which  is  boatable  fome  diftance ;  its 
courfe  is  thence  about  S  E  between  20 
and  30  miles  into  lake  Maurepas,  which 
is  conncdled  by  a  narrow  Ilrait,  with  lake 
Ponchartr^n,  which  extends  nearly  to  the 
Oulf  of  Mexico.  This  river  and  thefe 
lakes,  on  the  N  E,  with  the  Miffifippi  on 
the  S  W,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  E,  form 
the  Ifland  of  Orleans,  which  is  144  miles 
in  length,  from  N  W  to  S  E,  and  on  an 
average  about  la  miles  broad. 

Tcaijue  Point,  on  the  E  end  of  the  ifland 
•f  St.  Domingo,  lat.  19  2. 

Jcbuatvwn,  in  the  Gene/Tee  country,  N. 
York,  is  an  Indian  village  at  the  mouth  of 
Ichua  Creek,  a  N  E  head  water  of  Alleg- 
hany river.  It  is  60  miles  eafterly  of  Fort 
Erie,  70  E  by  S  of  La  Boeuf,  and  67  S  W 
ky  S  of  Hartford  on  Geneflee  river. 

Jiunadj  dc  BsrragBn^Si  town  on  tke  river 


ILL 

La  ]^Iata,  in  S.  America.  See  Bumu  Ayrei. 

Icy  Cape,  is  the  northwefternmoft  head 
land  of  N.America,  f:tuatcd  in  the  North- 
ern ocean.  Between  this  cape  and  Cape 
North,  in  Afia,  is  the  opening  into  Beh- 
ring's  Straits,  which  lead  from  the  North- 
ern into  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Ignacio,  St.  a  town  in  the  eaftcrn  part  of 
Peru,  and  on  theN  fide  of  Amazon  river. 

Igornacboix,  a  bay  of  Newfoundland,  S 
of  St.  John's  Bay. 

Jlcignes,  or  St,  Cbarle,  a  town  on  the  S 
fide  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  aoo 
fathoms  from  the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  It 
is  inhabited  by  emigrants  from  the  Canary 
lllands,  and  has  a  few  ftrcets  which  run 
from  the  four  cardinal  points,  and  cut 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  inhabit- 
ants  are  the  muft  induftrious  people  ia 
the  bipauifli  part  of  the  iiland. 

IlLeos,  a  captainfliip  8  of  that  called 
Bay  of  All  Saints,  and  in  the  middle  divi- 
fion  of  Brazil.  Chief  tovni,  Paya  Ilheos, 
the  capital  of  the  above  province,  Hands 
about  30  leagues  NE  of  Porto  Seguro, 
and  as  far  S  W  of  the  Bay  of  All  Saints. 
It  is  watered  by  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
and  contains  about  200  families.  S  lat, 
lj40,Wlon.34  28. 

Illinois,*  a  large  navigable  river  of  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  the  rivers  Piein,  and  Theakiki,  in  41 
48  N  lat.  and  in  88  42  W  Ion.  This  no- 
ble branch  of  the  MifTifippi,  after  running 
a  Terpentine  S  W  courfe,  through  an  ex- 
teufive  country  of  rich,  fertile  land,  and 
receiving  a  vaft  number  of  rivers  from  20 
to  100  yards  wide,  wluch  are  navigable 
for  l>oatsfrom  15  to  180  miles,  approach- 
es within  5  miles  of  the  Miflifippi ;  from 
thence  running  eaftwavd  about  12  miles, 
it  pays  its  tribute  by  a  mouth  400  yards 
wide,  in  38  40  N  lat.  and  in  92  12  W 
Ion.  oppofite  the  large  cave,  176  miles 
above  the  Ohio  and  18  above  the  Miflbu- 
ri.  The  lands  on  the  banks  of  the  Illi- 
nois, particularly  thofe  on  the  S  E  fide, 
are  perhaps  as  fertile  as  any  part  of  N. 
America.  They  produce  in  the  moft  lux- 
uriant plenty,  wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn, 
peas,  beans,  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  hops, 
grapes,  apples,  pears,  peaches,  dying 
roots,  medicinal  plants,  &c.  Here  alfo 
grow  large  forefts  of  hickory,  oak,.cedar, 
mulberry  trees,  &c.  Savannas,  or  natur- 
al meadows  are  bqth  numerous  and  ex- 
tenfivc.      In  the  forelb  are  great  variety 

of 

Note.— "///fno/v  ligiiifies  a  man  ot'fuH  »«,  jn 
the  vigour  at  kis  /etra.— X/'mw/xtt. 


%f  antmalt,  as  buffaloea,  deer,  &c.  and  in 
the  riven  are  plenty  of  fiHi,  particularly 
4:at,  carp,  and  perch,  of  an  enormous  fize. 
Such  is  the  abundance  of  wild  grapes  in 
this  country,  thnt  in  the  year  1769,1116 
french  planters  upon  this  river  made  a- 
bove  1 10  hhdt.  of  (trong  wine,  from  thefe 
{rapes.  On  the  N  W  hde  of  this  river  is 
a  coal  mine,  which  extends  for  half  a  mile 
along  the  middle  of  its  banks,  and  about 
the  lame  diftance  bf'owth'-  I  min«  are 
two  fait  ponds,   i       yar^  :ircumfer- 

ence,  and  fevcral  t«..  in  dep.  The  wa- 
ter is  flagnant  and  of  a  yellowiln  colour  ; 
but  the  French  and  natives  make  good 
fait  from  it.  The  Illinois  furnifhcs  a  com- 
munication with  lake  Michigan,  by  Chia- 
go  river,  between  which  and  the  Illinois 
are  two  portages,  the  length  of  which  dd 
not  exceed  4  miles.  [See  Chiago  river. 
Appendix.]  The  whole  length  of  the 
river  from  the  fource  of  Theakiki,  which 
is  but  a  fhort  didance  from  the  river  St. 
Joi'cph,  oppofite  to  Fort  St.  Jofeph  on  the^ 
narth,  is  4^0  miles.  The  Indians  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  by  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  in  1795,  a  tratSl  of  land  iz 
•tiles  fquare,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  ;  alfo  a  tradl  6  miles  fquare,  at  the 
Old  Prurias  fort  asd  village  near  the 
fouth  end  of  Illinois  I/akc.  That  lake  is 
•nly  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  and  is  fltuat- 
ed  about  240  miles  below  the  fource  of 
Theakiki,  and  43  below  the  Salt  Ponds. 
It  is  to  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad  in 
the  middle. 

Illinois  Indians  inhabit  near  Kahokia  on 
the  Miffifippi.     Warriors  a6o. 

Imperiale,  a  city  of  Chili  in  S.  America, 
6  leagues  from  the  South  Sea,  having  the 
river  Cauten  to  the  S,  and  another  river 
to  the  W,  both  navigable.  It  is  fituated 
•n  a  rifing  deep  neck  of  land,  hard  to  be 
afcended.  In  1600,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Indians,  after  a  year's  (lege ;  mod  of  the 
inhabitants  having  perifhed  by  famine. 
They  burnt  the  town,  and  then  laid  fiege 
to  Soforno.  In  this  war  Valdivia,  Argol, 
Sandla  Cruz,  Chilla,  and  Villa  Rica  were 
taken.  After  which  they  became  ib  con- 
Sdent  of  their  ftrength,  that  they  fought 
the  Spaniards  bravely,  and  in  fome  meaf- 
ure  revenged  the  cruelties  they  had  com- 
mitted upon  their  countrymen.  The 
Spaniards  afterwards  built  a  town  here 
•ailed  Conception ;  which  fee.  S  lat.  38 
4a,Wlon.  73  45. 

Inagua,  Great  and  Little,  two  fmall  ifl- 
ands  in  the  Windward  Paflagc,  N  W  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Duningo,  aoct  N£  of  ike  ill- 
Md«fCub» 


IN0 

Tntlfendue  TfianHy  (the  Gower  Tiand  nt 
Carteret)  fo  named  by  Snrviile,  lies  on  th«f 
north  fide  of  the  iflands  of  Arfacidcs,  2  4 
cad  of  Port  Praflin. 

Incait  a  fouthern  branch  of  Amasoa 
river,  in  S.  America. 

Independence,  Mount,  is  fituated  on  tho 
drait  thro\igh  which  the  waters  of  Lake 
George  and  Ead  Bay  pafs  into  Lake 
Champlain,  in  the  N  W  part  of  the  townr 
of  Orwell  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  anrf 
oppoftte  to  Ticonderoga. 

Indian  E  ,.  li  jn  the  Wed  fide  of  Bon- 
avida  Bay,  i..  xVewfoundiand  llland. 

Indian  Old  Totim,  a  town  in  Hancocfc 
CO.  Maine,  fituated  on  an  ifland  in  Penob- 
fcot  river,  jud  above  the  Great  Falls,  and 
about  60  below  the  Fork».  Here  are  a- 
bout  io<y  families,  who  are  Roman  Catho« 
lies,  the  remains  of  the  Penobfcot  tribe, 
and  the  only  Indians  vrlio  refide  in  the 
Didridl  of  Maine.  They  live  together  in 
a  regular  fociety,  and  are  increafing  in 
number ;  the  Sachems  liaving  laid  an  in- 
juntEUon  on  the  young  people  to  marry 
early.  In  a  former  war,  this  tribe  had 
their  lands  taken  from  them ;  but  at  the 
commencement  of  the  American  revolu- 
tion, the  Provincial  Congrefs  granted  them 
a  tratStof  land,  la  miles  wide,  interfered 
in  the  middle  by  the  river.  They  have 
a  right,  in  preference  to  any  other  tribe, 
to  hunt  and  fifh  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
bay  of  Penobfcot  extends.  In  their  towa 
is  a  decent  church  with  a  bell ;  and  a 
pried  refides  among  them  to  adininider 
the  ordinances. 

Indian  Orchard,  a  tfadb  of  land  in  North' 
ampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  Dela« 
ware  and  I.exawacfein  rivers. 

Indiana  Territory,  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  Ohio,  lately  formed  a  part  of  the  N 
W.  Territory.  In  January  1801,  it  wa« 
by  adt  of  Congrefs,  eredted  into  a  tempo- 
rary government,  with  powers  and  privi- 
leges fimilar  to  other  Territorial  Govern- 
ments. It  lies  between  the  Great  Miami 
river  E,  and  the  Mifllfippi  W,  the  Ohio  S, 
and  the  Illinois  N.  It  is  divided  into  the 
three  following  counties,  viz. 

Counties.    No.  Inlitu  Chiij'Tmnu    Ho.  Inhft- 

Knox,  2517  St  Viiiceiiiies,  714 

RaJiiIoljih,  1103  Kndinflii:!,,  ^fiy 

St.ClHir,  I?!;;  Kahokia,  719 

total.         4875 

This  Territory  has  a  fi«-"  foil,  adapted  tv 
corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  cotton,  hemp,  to- 
bacco, &c.  The  two  Weftern  counties  of 
Randolph  and  St.  Clair,  have  lately  pe- 
titioned Congrels  to  be  annexed  to  the  Up- 
per Loui£aaa,iai:ke  Territorial  Govern- 


r"'itu 


m 


mm 


IND 


tNit 


ilnent,  wliicli  will,  probably  foon  be  cftab- 
liflioil  tKere.  On  the  N  VV  bank  of  the 
Ohia.  about  ao  miles  fouthward  of  the 
month  of  the  Wabnib,  N  lat.  :,7  36,  is  a 
remarkable  cave,  called  the  Great  Crvr, 
which  is  one  of  the  greateft  natura*  -nri- 
oiitie*  on  the  Ohio.  The  entrance  is 
^acious,  and  remarkably  uniform  ;  the 
clomeis  cliptlcal,  and  the  uniformity  con- 
tinues to  its  termination  in  the  Hill. 

£llieott. 

ImHiiiK'.,  a  territory  in  Virginia,  lying 
between  Ohio  riverand  the  Laurel  Moun- 
tain, containing  about  3I  millions  of  acres. 
It  is  nearly  of  a  triangular  form,  and  ex- 
fends  in  length  from  the  Pennfylvania 
line  to  the  wafsrs  of  the  Lit  tie  Kenhaway 
It  was  granted  to  Samucf  Wharton,  Wil- 
liam Trent,  and  George  Morgan,  Efquires, 
and  a  few  other  perfons.  in  the  year  1768, 
tv  the  Shawnnefe,  DelaAvare  and  Huron 
tribes  of  Indians,  aS  a  compcnfalion  for 
lofies  to  ths  amount  of^'85,9i6:  10  :  8 
currency,  which  thefc  people  had  fuftain- 
cd  by  »he  depredations  of  the  Indians,  in 
fhc  yttir  1763.  ,  It  is  a  valuable  tradlof 
Lind  :  but  the  title  of  thr  koprietors, 
thongh  pronounced  good  1"  Committee 
WCongrefsin  178a,  is  »t  pi  jnt  embar-i 
ralTed  in  confeqiterice  of  the  revolution. 

Jndiatia,  H  new  CO.  in  the  weftcrn  parts 
of  Pennfylvania,  which,  wi{h  Weftmore^ 
land  and  Armftrong,  conftitute  a  dif- 
tritH:,  for  fhe  choice  of  3  Reprefentatives. 

Ind'tanf,  a  fmall  harbour  in  the  illand  of 
Cape  Breton. 

Indian  Riwr,  DiftriA  of  Maine,  a  fmall 
arm  of  the  fea,  between  Chandler's  and 
Pleafant  river. 

Indian  River,  Or  Cyprefs  Sivamp,  lies 
partly  in  the  States  of  Maryland  and 
Delaware.  This  morafs  extends  6  miles 
from  E  to  W,  and  nearly  la  from  N  to  S, 
including  an  area  of  nearly  .yc,ooo  acres 
cflatjd.  The  whole  of  this  fwampis  a 
high  and  level  bafon,  verj'  wet,  though 
imdoubtedlytheMgheftlahdon  that  part 
ofthecoaft.  Falfc  Cape,  at  the  mouth 
of  Indian  river,  and  the  N  E  part  of  Ce- 
dar Neck  is  in  38  35  i.yN  lat.  and  11^ 
miles  S  of  the  light  houfe  at  Cape  Hcnlo- 
pcn.  Cedar  Swamp  contains  a  great 
variety  of  plants,  trees,  wild  beads,  birds, 
and  reptiles. 

Indian  River,  on  the  V.  conft  of  the  pcn- 
infula  of  E.  Florida,  rifcsa  rtiort  diftance 
from  the  fea  coaft,  and  runs  from 
N  to  S,  forming  a  kind  of  inland  paff*ge 
for  many  miles  along  the  coaft.  It  is 
alfo  called  Rio  Ap,  and  has  on  the  N 


fide  of  its  mouth  the  point  El  Palmar,  otif 
the  S  that  of  the  Leech.  Nlat.  17  30, 
W  Ion.  80  40. 

Indian  JJland,       Sec  Penolffcut  River. 

InJir  ..  The  amount  of  Indian  popu- 
lation, in  America,  can  only  be  gueffcd 
at.  The  new  dilcovercd  iflands  in  the  S 
Sea,  and  part  of  the  N  W  coaft  are  prob- 
ably the  moft  populous.  The  bed  in- 
formed have  conjcdtured  the  number  of 
aboriginal  inhabitants,  or  Indians,  in 
America,  to  be  under  two  millions  and  a 
half.  The  decreafc  fincc  the  difcovcry 
of  Americ?,  has  been  amazing:  at  that 
period,  the  illand  of  Hifpaniola  alone 
contained  at  kad  a  million  of  inhabit.' 
ants  ;  Bartholomew  de  las  Cafas  cftimatcd 
the  number  at  three  millions.  Millious 
were  buried  in  the  -.nines,  or  hunted  to 
death  by  tlie  Spaniards,  both  on  the 
iflands  and  continent.  In  the  northern 
parts  of  America,  numbers  were  douht- 
lefs  deftroycd  in  forming  the  Englifli, 
Dutch,  and  French  colonies  ;  but  not- 
withftanding  the  ruptures  bctwten  the 
coloniftsand  the  Indians,  yery  few  com- 
paratively pcfifhed  by  war.  Famine, 
and  its  companion  the  pefdlence,  fre- 
quently deftroy  whole  tribes.  The  dii- 
eafes  alfo  introduced  by  the  Europeans, 
have  made  great  havock ;  the  fpintuf's 
liquors,  in  the  ufe  of  which  they  have 
been  initialed  by  the  whites,  prove  per- 
haps mofl  of  all  repugnant  to  population. 
They  wafte  as  the  Luropcaiis  advance  ; 
they  moulder  away,  and  difappear.  The 
mod  numerous  tribes  art  at  the  greated 
didance  from  the  fettlcments  of  the 
whites,  and  it  is  very  certain  tliat  in 
proportion  to  their  didance  they  are  un- 
acquainted with  the  ufe  of  fire  drms.  All 
the  nations  N  of  lake  truperior,  and  thofe 
beyond  the  Miffifippi.ufc  only  bows  and 
arrows,  fo  that  when  their  feattered  fitu- 
ation  is  confidercd,  the  various  cudonis 
and  fuperditions  which  it  would  be  nec- 
effary  to  reconcile,  in  order  to  produce 
unity  of  adtion,  and  what  a  fmall  propor- 
tion of  them  have  the  apparatus,  or  un- 
derdand  the  nfc  of  mufquctry,  or  pofleli* 
nfaurces  to  enable  them  to  carry  on 
lading  hodilities  aguiud  the  power  of  the 
United  States,  it  mult  bt  obvious  that 
even  partial  defeats  of  the  federal  troops 
will  haden  their  ruin,  notwithdanding 
the  wonderful  dexterity  .ind  intrepidity 
which  they  have  exhibited  in  feveral  ac- 
tions with  the  regular  troops  in  late  wars. 
But  this  neither  is  nor  ought  to  be  the 
wilh  of  the  inhabitanU  of  tlie  United 

States i 


9tatei;  they  ought  t*  teach  them  the 
blcflings  of  peace,  and  curb  the  exorbi- 
tant luft  of  farther  extent  of  territory.  A 
lift  of  Indian  rribefc,  in  ImUy't  Hiftory  of 
Kentucky,  maken  the  aggregate  number 
lefs  than  6o,ooo  who  inhabit  the  country 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  both  fides 
of  the  MifBfippi,  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  as  far  weft  as  the  country  has 
been  generally  explored,  that  is,  to  the 
head  water  of  the  Miffifippi,  and  from 
thence  a  good  way  up  the  Miflburi,  and 
between  that  river  and  Santa  Fe.  To 
give  any  account  of  the  nation;*  farther 
fuuth,  far  lefs  in  9.  America,  would  be  a 
ta(k  beyond  all  hounds ;  the  chief  of 
thcfe  arc  noticed  under  their  refpeCkive 
names.  The  population  of  the  Indian 
nations  in  the  fouthern  parts  of  the  U- 
nited  States,  fomewhat  different  from 
imiay,  is,  according  to  Mr.  Purcell,  who 
refided  among  them  in  1780,  as  follows : 
Muibogees,  commou-       Gun  men.     Total. 


ly  called  Crecksi 
Chatfhiws, 
Chickafaws, 
Cherokees, 
Catabaws, 


5860  17,180 

4x31  I3v4*3 

575  a*yo 

a8oo  8jjro 

150  490 


13,516  4a,o33 
The  above  red  nations  have  increafed  in 
a  fmall  degree  fiuce  the  general  peace  ef- 
tabliQied  among  them  in  1777.  The 
whites  incorporated  among  them  are  few 
in  number,  and  lead  a  vagabond  life,  go- 
ing from  tribe  to  tribe  as  their  reftlefs 
difpofition  leads  them.  The  increafe  of 
population  is  conliderably  checked  by 
the  ^antities  of  adulterated  and  poifon- 
ou»  fpirituous  liquors,  and  the  venereal 
didemper  introduced  among  them  by  the 
whites.  In  the  northern  difl:ri<ft  of  N- 
America, Mr.  Hutchtns,in  t778,elliniates 
the  Indians,  N  of  the  Ohio,  and  E  of  the 
MilGfippi,  at  13,800,  and  thofe  weft- 
ward  of  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mimfippi, 
at  10,000.  He  particularly  enumerates 
the  tribes,  the  number  in  each,  their 
dwelling  and  their  hunting  grounds. 
Major  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  put  an  cud 
to  the  deftru(^ive  war  with  the  Indians 
by  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendftiip  con- 
cluded at  Greenville,  Auguft  3,  1795, 
which  was  ratified  by  the  Prefident  of 
the  United  States,  December  as,  1795. 
The  Indian  tribes  iigned  the  treaty  in 
the  following  order  :  IVyandoti,  Dela- 
tvaret,  Sbaivatttet,  Ottawat,  Cbipazuas,  Otta- 
wa, Patatujtames  of  the  river  of  St.  Jofeph, 
Patawatamn  of  Huron,  Miam'its,  Miami* 
Vot.f.  F£ 


and  Eel  Xlver,  Eel  Rivtr  tribe,  Miatiit't 
Kiciafooi  2nd  KaJkaJkiai,Delaioaret  of  San* 
'  dufky,  and  fome  of  the  Six  Natiom  living 
at  Sandulky.  Thefe  Indians  ceded  to 
the  United  States  various  tratSU  of  land 
from  3toi3milc!iA}uare,ncar  the  difFerenc 
ports  in  the  N  W  Territory.  The  Unit- 
ed States  delivered  to  the  Indian  tribes 
above  named  in  goods  to  the  value  of 
20,000  dollars  ;  and  agreed  to  deliver  iu 
goods  to  the  value  of  9^00  dollars  annu- 
allv,  for  ever.  The  portion  which  each 
tribe  is  to  receive  will  be  feen  in  the  ac- 
count  of  the  particular  nation  or  tribr. 
Little  is  yet  known  of  the  Indians  in  the 
interior  parts  of  N.  America.  In  I792( 
Mr.  Stewart,  faid  to  be  in  the  employ  of 
the  Britifli  court,  relumed  from  four 
years  travels  through  the  hitherto  unex- 
plored regions  tu  the  weftward.  Taking 
his  courfe  weft  fouthwefterly  frdm  tl^e 
ports  on  (he  lakes,  he  penetrated  to  the 
head  of  the  Miflburi,  and  from  thence 
due  W,  to  within  500  miles  of  the  fliores 
of  the  Pacific  ocean.  H;  joined  the  in- 
terior Indians  in  fcveral  battles  againft 
the  rtiore  Indians,  all  which  coming  Ihorc 
of  his  obje«!t,  the  procuring  a  peace,  fa 
that  he  might  explore  the  continent  fronv 
fcatofea;  after  fume  ftay,  he  returned 
nearly  by  the  fame  route  he  had  purfu- 
ed  in  going  out.  Beyond  the  MiHouri, 
Mr.  Stewart  met  with  many  powerful 
natioiv«,in  general  hol'pitable  and  courte- 
ous. The  Indian  nations  he  vifited  wert- 
ward,  appeared  to  be  a  polifhed  and  civ- 
ilized people,  having  towns  regularly 
built,  and  being  in  a  rtate  of  fociety  noc 
far  removed  from  that  of  the  Europeanst 
and  only  wanting  the  ufe  of  iron  and 
fteel  to  be  perfeAly  fo.  They  are  al- 
ways clad  in  fkins,  cut  in  an  elegant  man- 
ner, and  in  many  refpetSts  preferable  to 
the  garments  in  ufe  among  the  whites. 
Adjacent  to  thefe  nations  is  a  vaft  ridge 
of  mountains,  which  may  be  called  the 
Alleghany  of  the  Weftern  parts  of  Amer- 
ica, and  ferves  as  a  barrier  againft  the 
too  frequent  incurfions  of  the  coaft  In- 
dians, who  entertain  a  mortal  antipathy 
to  the  nations  and  tribes  inhabiting  the 
country  cart  ward  of  the  mountains.  Since 
Mr.  Stewart,  .Alexander  Mackenzie  has 
explored  the  country  from  the  Lakes  to 
the  Pacific  ocean.  See  N.  Amirica,  N.  W. 
Coaft,  and   RfKenziei    river. 

Indian  Town,  in  Maryland,  a  village  oa 
Indian  Creek,  on  the  S  £  bank  of  Chop- 
tank  river,  Dorchefter  co.  3  miles  S  W  of 
New  Market, 

Indian 


i 


-iCt 


t;! 


ING 


IPS 


TnJiait  Town,  a  [mM  town  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, 51  milei  from  Edenton. 

InJiet.     See  H^eJI  India. 

Inglii  Ferry,  Montgomery  co.  Virginia. 
Herei>apofto(Rcc,ji5  miles  TromWaih- 
ingt(y 

Iniuflryt  *  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  June,  1803,  havtr!r 
Farmington  W,  and  Starkcs  £,  35  miles 
N  W  of  Auguftj. 

In^rahiim,  Port,  on  the  weflcrn  fide  of 
Wafhington  Idand,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America,  is  divided  into  two  parts  by 
Young  Frederick's  Idand.  It  is  a  fine 
harbour  for  wintering  in,  being  near  the 
fca,  and  having  deep  water.  N  lat.  53 
37,  Wlon.  133  r8. 

In^raham  FJles,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  lie 
N  N  Wof  the  Marquefas  Illaiids,  from  35 
to  50  leagues  difi:int,  and  are  7  in  number, 
viz.  Oi>boona,OT  Wadiiiigton  ;  Wooapoo,  or 
Adams  ;  Lincoln  ;  Nooheeva,  or  Federal  ; 
7 lijoeUe,  or  Franklin  ;  Hancock.and  Knox. 
The  names  ivi  Italic  are  thufe  by  which 
they  arc  known  to  the  natives.  The  oth- 
ers were  given  them  by  Captain  Jofeph 
Ingrahamiof  Uoftan  in  Miirachufetts, com- 
mander of  the  brigantine  Hope  of  Boflon, 
who  difcovered  them  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1791,  a  day  remarkable  in  the  annals  of 
America,  the  revolutionary  war  having 
commenced  on  that  day  in  1 7  75,  and  the 
firft  difcoveries  made  under  the  flr.g  of  the 
United  States  n\arked  its  i6ch  annivarfary. 
Thefe  illands,  lying  between  8  3  and  9  -24 
Slat. and  between  140  19  and  141  18  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich,  are  moflly  inhabit- 
ed, and  appear  to  be  generally  variegat- 
ed with  hills  anl valleys,  abounding  with 
timber,  and  very  pleaiant.  N'oohemi/?,  or 
Federal  illand,  is  reprefented  by  the  na- 
tives to  bt  the  largeli,  mofl  populous  and 
produfkive  of  the  whole;  which,  they 
fay,  are  10  in  number.  The  people  re- 
femble  thofe  of  the  Marquefas  Illands  ;  as 
do  their  canoes,  which  are  carved  at  each 
end.  Cotton  of  a  fuperior  quality  grows 
here.  The  natives  were  friendly.  Be- 
fore Ingraham's  difcovery  was  known, 
Cipt^n  Jollah  Roberts,  of  Bofton,  failed 
in  the  fhip  Jefferfon  for  the  N  W  Coaft, 
and  likewife  difcovered  thefe  iflands.  He 
gave  them  different  names ;  bi  t  to  avoid 
confufion,  the  reader  is  re-i.-rred  to  each 
illand  under  the  Indian  name  when  it  is 
known.  As  thefe  illands  lie  in  that  part 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  through  wliich  vef- 
fels  from  Europe  or  America,  bound  to 
the  N  W  Coaft,  muft  pafs.and  are  not  far 
out  of  their  ufual  track,  they  may  be  vif- 


Ited  for  refrcfliment  in  cafe  of  need.    $ti 
Nooheeva.,  and  Murqutfat  Iflainti,  &c. 

Inircbia  River,  or  Caguila,  the  nai)ie  of 
Orinoco  river,  at  its  fource  in  the  moun- 
tains, weftward,  between  New  Granada 
and  Peru,  not  far  from  the  S.  Sea. 

Inna  Qiito,  one  of  the  fpacious  plaint 
upon  the  N  fide  of  Quito,  in  Peru. 

Tnfiua  River,  is  laid  down  in  fome  mapt 
as  the  N  W  and  main  branch  of  St.  Cruix 
river,  an  caftern  water  of  the  Mifiifippi, 
rifing  in  lat.  48  N. 

Jnvernefs,  Ne^v,  a  town  on  the  river  A- 
latamaha,  in  Georgia,  built  by  a  company 
of  emigrants  from  the  Highlands  of  S\.ot- 
land,  130  of  whom  were  brought  over  by 
Gen.  O^rlethorpe  in  1734.  It  is  about  ao 
miles  from  Frederica.  Thefe  fettlers  pre- 
fented  a  moft  pathetic  and  prophetic  re- 
monftrauce  to  Geb.  Oglethorpe  in  Jauu- 
ry,  1718,  againft  tlieintrodut^ion  of  flavei 
into  the  colony. 

/owa,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  run» 
S  £  into  the  MifCfippi,  in  N  lat.  41  5,  61 
miles  :ibovc  the  Iowa  Rapids,  where  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  river  is  the  Lniuer  loiva 
Towit,  which  zo  years  ago  could  furnilh 
300  warriors.  The  Upper  lotva  Totw/i  is  about 
15  miles  below  tlie  mouth  of  the  river,on 
the  £  fide  of  the  Milllfippi,  and  could 
formerly  furniili  400  warriors^  See  Rivierr 
du  Mains. 

Ifi/ioicli,  ths  A>ra7oamo{  the  Indians,  is  a 
poft  town  and  port  of  entry  on  both  fide* 
of  Ipfwich  R.  m  EQ'ex  co.  Maflachufetts, 
iz  miles  S  of  Newburyport,  10  N  £  of 
Beverly,  30  N  E  by  N  of  Bofton,  and 
about  a  mile  from  the  fea.  The  townftiip 
of  Ipfwich  is  divided  into  4  pariflxes,  and 
contains  601  houfe3,and  3305  inhabitants. 
There  1$  an  excellent  ftone  bridge  acrofs 
Ipfwich  R.  compofed  of  two  arches,  with 
one  folid  pier  in  the  bed  of  the  river,  which 
connsib  the  two  parts  of  the  town,  ex- 
eaitedunderthe  direiftionof  the  late  Hon. 
Judge  Choatc.  This  was  heretofore  a 
place  of  much  more  confideration  than 
at  prefent.  Its  decline  is  attributed  to 
a  barred  harbour  and  fho'als  in  the  river. 
Its  natural  fituation  is  pleafant,  and  on 
all  accounts  excellently  well  calculated  ti> 
be  a  large  manufadturing  town<  The  fu- 
preme  judidial  court,  the  courts  of  com- 
mon pleas  and  feflions  are  held  here  once 
a  year,  on  the  ift  Tuefday  of  April ;  and 
from  its  central  fituation,  it  appears  to  be 
the  moft  convenient  place  for  all  th« 
courts  and  public  offices  of  the  county. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  farmers,  ex- 
cept thofe  iu  the  compait  part  of  the 

townftiip. 


mo 


ISA 


tr>wnfliip.  A  few  vrflVU  are  employed  \n 
the  iiflier^,  and  a  few  trade  to  the  \V. 
Indictf.  Silk  and  thread  lace,  of  an  elegant 
texture,  are  manufa<5lurcd  here  by  wo- 
men and  children,  in  large  qiianlitie*,  and 
liold  for  ufe  and  exportation  in  Bofkon, 
and  other  mercantile  towns.  In  1790,  no 
lefa  than  41,979  yards  were  made  here, 
and  the  manufa<Slure  is  rather  increafing. 
Ipfwiich  townfliip  was  iucoiporatcd  in 
1634,  and  is  378  niile<i  N  £  of  Philadel- 
phia. N  lat.  43  43,  W  Ion.  7050. 
•  If>fiui(b,  Netv,  a  townihrp  in  Hillibo- 
rough  ca  Hampfliire,  containing  ia66 
inhabitants,  fituatcd  on  the  wc  Q  fide  of 
Souhegan  river,  and  fcparated  from 
Whatohook  Mountain  by  the  N  line  of 
Maffachufetts  ;  j6  miles  N  W  of  Bofton, 
and  about  77  Wof  rortfrnouth.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  has  in  it  a 
flouriilnng  academy. 

Ipfwkb  Hiver,  rifes  from  fcv«ral  fprings 
in  a  meadow  in  the  Weft  part  of  Wil- 
mington, paffing  through  Reading,  Mid- 
dleton,  and  Tbp&fie)d,it  enters  the  ocean 
in  Ipfwich.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
mouth  to  this  town,  where  there  arc  falL 
on  which  are  ere<aed  a  number  of  mills  ; 
juft  below  which,  the  poft  road  croffcs 
the  river,  it  is  in  general  a  (luggiih 
ftream,  affording  but  a  few  mill  feats. 

Irajburfr,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co. 
Vermont,  on  Black  river,  17  miles  N  of 
Hazen  Block  houfc,  and  12  S  of  tiie  Can- 
ada line.     It  has  15  inhabitants. 

Iredell  County,  in  Salifbury  diftridl,  N. 
Carolina,  Is  furrounded  by  Surry,  Row- 
an, and  Burke.  The  climate  is  agreea- 
ble and  healthy  ;  the  lands  beautifully 
vaiiegated  with  hills,  and  tjie  foil  rich. 
It  contains  8761  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1481  are  Haves.  At  Jredell  court  houfc  is 
a  poft  office.  It  is  25  miles  from  Salifbu- 
ry,  and  35  from  Charlotte  court  houfe. 

Ireland,  Neiv,  a  long  narrow  ifland  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  N  of  New  Britain,  ex- 
tending from  the  N  W  to  the  S  £  about 
«70  miles,  and  in  general  very  narrow  ; 
between  3  and  5  S  lat.  and  X46  30,  and 
151  £  Ion.  from  Paris.  The  inhabitants 
are  negroes.  The  iHand  is  covered  with 
wood,  and  abounds  with  pi^'.eons, parrots, 
and  other  birds.  Weft  and  N  W  of  ^ew 
Ireland,  lie  Sandwich,  Portland,  New 
Hanover,  and  Admiralty  lllands,  difcov- 
ered  and  named  by  Captain  Carteret,  in 
Z767.  The  tracks  of  Le  Maire  and 
-Schouten  in  1616,  of  Roggewin  in  1732, 
and  of  Bouganville  in  I ;  68,paf3  thefe  ifla  nd». 

Jroit,  jPoittte  de,  or  Irifi  Foiiit,  a  village 


on  the  Wend  of  the  ifland  of  Rt.Domingfl. 

Jion  Biinki,  a  trai!^  ot  land  on  the  £ 
fide  of  the  MiiLfippi,  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio. 

Iron  CijHe,  onc  of  the  forts  of  Porto 
Bdlo,  in  b.  Amciica,  which  admirul  Vci- 
non  took  and  diftroycd  in  1739. 

Iratidcquat,  callcU  iu  lomc  maps  Ge  Run- 
Jfgut;  a  gull  or  bay  on  the  b  fide  of  the 
Lake  Onlurit),  4  nwlcs  £  of  Walker's  at 
the  mouth  of  Gcnince  river. 

Iron  Mounljinj,  Gnat,  in  Tcneflte,  ex- 
tends from  the  river  Tcncllie  to  that  of 
French  Broad  from  S  W  to  N  £  tiirther 
to  the  N  £,  the  ranijc  has  the  name  of 
Bald  Mountuiu,  and  beyond  the  Nola» 
chucky,  that  of  Iron  Mouuiaiiis.  I'he 
Iron  Mountaius,  fcems  to  be  the  name 
generally  applied  to  the  whole  range. 
It  conftitutcs  the  boundary  between  Tin- 
efiee,  and  N.  Carolina,  and  extends  from 
near  the  lead  mines,  on  the  Kanhaway, 
through  the  Cherokee  <-«iuntry,  to  the  S 
of  Cliota,  and  lirminatcs  near  the fourcci 
of  the  Mobile.  Ihe  caverns  and  laf* 
cades  in  thelemounti'insare  innumerable. 

Iroquois,  Point  aux,  on  the  Si.  Lawrence, 
U.  Canada,  6  or  7  miles  above  the  rapid 
plat  in  the  townfliip  of  Matilda. 

Irogutit.     See  Six  Nutioiu. 

Iroqiioij  River,     See  Horrel. 

Ir-uin  Ri-jcr,  is  a  w(  ftcrn  head  water  of 
the  Ntiis,  in  N-  Carolina. 

Irivin,  a  townfliip  in  Venango  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  813  inhabitants. 

Ifabet,  St,  one  ot  the  iflands  of  Solo- 
mon, 300  miles  in  circumference  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  7  30  S  lat.  about  if)a 
leagues  W  of  Lima,  difcovercd  by  Mcn- 
daua,  1^67,  whofe  inhabitants  are  canni- 
bals, and  worfliip  ferpents,  toads,  and 
other  animals.  Their  complexion  is 
bronze,  their  hair  woolly,  and  they  wear 
no  covering  but  round  the  waift.  The 
people  are  divided  into  tribes,  and  are 
conftantly  at  war  with  each  other.  Bata 
were  feen  here,  which  from  onc  extrem- 
ity of  their  wings  to  the  otlier,  mcafured 
5  feet.  Dampier,who  has  the  reputation 
of  exadlnefs,  fays  that  he  faw,  in  the 
fmall  ifland  of  Sabuda,  on  the  W  coaft  of 
Papua,  bats  as  large  as  young  rabbits, 
having  wings  4  feet  in  extent  from  one 
tip  to  the  other. 

Ifabella  River,     Scc  Ozama. 

Ifahella  Point,  lies  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
illand  of  St.  Domingo,  and  forms  the  N  £ 
fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name.  N  lat.  19 
59  ro.  This  is  the  port  where  Colum- 
bus formed  the  firft  Spauiih  fcttleineut 
'  '  on 


i:» 


m 


1'1- 


ISL 

on  the  Idand,  and  named  both  it  and  the 
point  after  hit  patronefs  Queen  H'abella. 
He  entered  it  in  the  night,  driven  bv  a 
tempcfi  It  i*  overlooked  by  a  very  high 
mountain  flat  at  the  tvp,  and  furround* 
ed  with  roclu,  but  ii  a  little  ezpofcd  to 
the  N  W  wind.  The  river  Ifabella  xvhich 
falli  into  it,  is  eonfiderablc.  There  are 
X4  fathoms  of  water  to  anchor  in.  The 
fcttlemcnt  wai  begun  in  1493,  was  given 
up  in  1496,  when  its  inhabitants  Mxre 
carried  to  the  ritv  of  3t. Domingo,  which 
originally  was  called  New  Uabclla.  The 
ba^  is  laid  to  have  good  anchorage  for 
ihips  of  war.  It  is  about  29  leagues  Eaft 
by  North  of  Cape  Franfois,  meal'uring  in 
a  Araight  line. 

Jfca,  or  rather  ha,  with  Pifco  and  Naf- 
ta, three  towns  from  which  a  juriWic- 
tion  of  Lima  in  Peru,  S.  America,  hnhi*^ 
name.  Great  quantities  of  wine  are 
made  here  and  exported  to  Calao.  It  al- 
fo  produces  excellent  olives,  either  for 
eating  or  for  oil.  The  fields  which  are 
watered  by  trenches,  yield  an  uncommon 
plenty  of  wheat,  maize,  and  fruits.  This 
jurifdiiSkion  is  remarkable  for  fpacious 
woods  of  carob  trees,  with  the  fruit  of 
ivhich  the  inhabitants  feed  numbers  of 
alTes,  for  the  ufes  of  agriculture,  to  this 
and  the  neighbouring  jurirdidlions.  The 
Indians  who  live  near  the  fta apply  them- 
fclves  to  fifhing,  and  after  faltine  the  lifli 
carry  them  to  a  good  market  in  the  towns 
among  the  mountains. 

IJland  Lake,  in  N.  America,  W  of  Hud- 
fon's  Bay  in  lat.  60  45  N,  Ion.  loa  aj  W. 
It  is  1$  miles  wide,  its  length  is  much 
greater.  It  is  full  of  iflands  and  well 
Aored  with  fifh.  Hearne. 

IJUndi,  fiay  ef,  on  the  fouth  coafl  of 
}fova  Scotia. 

JJle  Neclar,  in  the  W.Pacific  ocean  on- 
ly 500  toifcs  long,  without  tree  or  flirub. 
It  is  accefTible  only  at  the  S  E  point, 
where  a  ridge  of  rocks  projedts  two  ca- 
Ue  lengths  into  the  fea.  Lat.  13  34  H, 
Ion.  166  5a  W. 

jyie  ef  WigBi,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on 
the  S  fide  of  James's  river,  W  of  Norfolk 
county,  being  about  40  miles  long  and 
'Ij  broad,  and  contains  5313  free  inhab- 
itants, and  4049  flaves.  A  mineral  fpring 
has  been  difcovered  near  the  head  of  the 
W  branch  of  Nanfemond  river,  about  10 
miles  from  Smithfield,  and  la  from  Suf- 
folk. It  is  much  reforted  to,  and  famed 
for  its  medicinal  qualities. 

Jfle  Rtyal,  on  th^  N  W  fide  of  Lake  „ 
Superior,  lies  within  the  territory  of  the  ,  [ 


JA  C' 

United  Stales,  N  W  of  the  Ohio,  is  nbo\it 
100  miles  long,  and  in  many  places  about 
40  broad.  1  he  natives  I'uppofc  that  this 
and  the  other  illands  in  the  lake  arc  the 
refidence  of  the  Great  Spirit, 

JJltJhoreugb,  B  townfltip  in  Haiicock  ro. 
Maine,  formed  by  Long  llland,  in  tlie 
centre  of  renobfcot  Bay,  15  miles  in 
length,  and  from  a  to  3  in  breadth.  It 
was  incoviwratcd  in  1789,  contains  4S3 
inhabitauts,  and  is  a6o  miles  N  £  by  N 
of  Bollon. 

IJcs  Je  Mjdame,  lie  at  the  S  end  of  Sydt 
ncy,  or  Cape  Breton  llland,  on  which 
ihey  are  dependent.  The  largeft  of  tlitfe, 
with  Cape  Canfo,  the  £  point  of  Nova 
Scotia,  form  the  entrance  of  the  Gut  nf 
Canfo  from  the  Atlantic  ocean,  bee 
Cafe  Breton. 

IJIes  of  Ban  Jifepb  Calvn,  a  large  cluf- 
ter  ot  iilands  m  the  S.  Sea.  Lat.  19  39  S, 
Ion.  17938  E  from  Paris.  They  are 
populous,  afTording  plenty  of  potatoes, 
cocoa,  banana  and  other  fruits. 

IJIifr  a  pod  town  of  N.  York,  Sufiblk 
en.  Long  I.  £  of  Huntington,  and  con- 
tains 958  inhabitants. 

Ivrbgne  Point,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  U. 
Canada,  in  front  of  the  townfliip  of  £d- 
wardlburg,  lies  a  little  below  Ifledu  Fort 
Levi,  on  the  North  Ihore.  Smytb. 

J-wanee,o.  little  town  near  St.  Jago  de 
Cuba,  where  a  fmall  remnant  of  the  an- 
cient Indians  live,  who  have  adopted  the 
manners  and  language  of  the  Spaniards. 


J  ACKSON,  a  co\mty  in  Georgia,  con- 
taining 7736  inhabitants,  of  whom  1400 
are  flaves. 

Jacifonloro,  a  poft  town,  Scriven  co. 
Georgia,  670  miles  from  WaAiington. 

Jack/on  CO  in  Teneffee,  Mcro  DiltriiS'. 

Jackfont  River,  a  head  water  of  James's 
river  in  Virginia,  rifss  in  the  Warm 
Spring  Mountains,  about  ao  miles  fouth- 
weft  of  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  and 
runs  fouthwcft  through  the  valley  until 
Carpenter's  creek  joins  it  from  that  quar- 
ter, when  the  river  aflumes  the  name  of 
Fluvanna,  and  flows  foutheafV.  About 
three  quarters  of  a  mile  from  its  iburcc  it 
falls  over  a  rock  aoo  feet  into  the  valley 
below.  The  fliect  of  water  is  broken  in 
its  breadth  by  the  rock  in  two  or  three 
places,  but  not  in  its  height.  Between 
the  fheet  and  the  rock  at  the  bottom  you 
may  walk  acrofs  dry.  It  is  near  half  as 
high  again  as  Nia^raj  but  ffi  only  i  a  or 
jj  feet  wide.  .  Jafkfo>ijliirtiis,k, 


JAG 

'Jackfoifitrnvfth^  B  fmall  pcft  tawn  of  S, 
C:iroliiia,  (in  tlit  \V  i'uli'  ol  Ldillu  river, 
abuut  35  milcH  W  iif  Cliarli-flun. 

Jiicmel,  »  jurifdidlion  iiid  lea  purttown 
on  tliv  iouth  lide  of  tht  illand  tii  Jai.Uii- 
n>ingu.  'I'hu  jmiUliOiion,  in  the  French 
part  of  tlkv  iliuiid,  cuntuinH  ^  paridicit.  is 
remarkable  for  the  goodiit!*  of  iti  foil, 
and  the  abundeiit  crop^  ot  coil't  e  ;  and  iH 
fufccptible  of  aj>re:'.t  aiigmontaiion.  Its 
exports  from  januifry  i,  ir^fy  to  I^ec.  ,li, 
of  tlic  fame  year,  were  27,35clb.  white  fu- 
gar ;  55,6a4lb.  brown  i'uv^M- ;  4,072,702)1). 
of  colVee;  406,8311b.  return,  and  10,0461b. 
indigo.  1  he  duties  on  cxpurution  of  the 
above  amounted  to  15,619  dollam,  16 
cent*.  'I'he  town  i*  fituuted  on  the  louth 
fide  of  the  neck  of  the  fonth  pciiindila. 
The  town  ii  6  leagues  weftward  of  Caycs 
de  Jacmel,  74  call  of  the  bay  and  town  of 
£aynet,  as  far  fouth  of  Le'ogane  on  tlie 
north  fide  of  the  pcninl'ula,  13  fouthwcft 
of  Port  au  Friuae,  and  S3  eaft  of  Cape 
'liburon.  N  lat.  18  ai,  W  Ion.  from 
Paris  75  a. 

Jacmel,  Cayes  d,;  a  town  and  parifli  on 
theeafilide  of  the  (Ireum  of  its  name,  6 
leagues  eaft  of  the  above  town  of  Jacmel. 
This  parifli  is  bounded  eaft  by  the  plain 
on  the  Spanifli  part,  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Bahoruco,  80  leagues  fquarcfit  for 
any  kindofcultivation.  On  tlie  neii^hbour- 
ing  mountains  coiTec  would  fucceed  well. 
JacoH'i  Creek,  an  caftern  water  of  Youg- 
hiogany  river  in  Weftmoreland  county, 
Pennfylvania.  I'herc  is  a  carrying  place 
6  miles  weft  to  Monongahela  river,  from 
the  Youjrhiogany,  oppolite  the  mputh  pf 
this  creek. 

yadaghtjue.  See  ChaUiugLqut. 
Jlfrey,  a  poft  town  in  Chefliire  coun- 
ty, N.  Hampili  ire,  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
Great  Monadnock  Mountain,  6  miles  N 
of  the  Mrtnachiifetts  line,  19  E  of  Con- 
nedlicut  river,  and  about  56  W  S  W  of 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1773,  *nd  contains  1341  inhabitants 
Here  are  found  red  and  yellow  oclirt, 
allum,  vitriol,  and  black  lead  in  great 
quantities.  The  buck  tean  '^menyanthes) 
iiaid  to  be  a  rare  plant  in  1^.  Hampfliire, 
and  of  lingular  ufe  In  medicine,  is  found  at 
Jaffrey,  near  the  Great  Monadnock. 

Jago,  St.  a  river  in  the  province  of  Chi- 
ametlan,  in  New  Spain,  which  it  is  fa  id 
rifes  in  the  lake  Guadalajara,  and  emp- 
ties into  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  by  a 
mouth  half  a  mile  broad,  and  xo  feet  deep 
at  low  water. 

Jago,  St.  a  large  river  of  S.  America, 
iwluch  rifea  ia  the  aadieacc  of  Quito,  ia 


JAO 

Peru.     It  is  navigable,  wafciv  a  fertita 

country,  and  fallo  into  the  UiUih  ^icx 

J'lgu,  Ht.si  large  an<l  li.iiulloii.e  town  of 
S  America,  capital  of  C'liili,  \^i ill  «  j;ood 
liiirlxair,  and  a  biftiop'!)  lev,  and  a  i()}«J 
audienrc.     It  is  Icaticl  cm  a  l.irj^L',  lieauli- 
ful  plaiii,  abounding  in  itil  the  lun-llariM 
of  life,  at  the  foot  of  the  C'ordilieta  dc  loi 
Andes,  on  the  liver  Mapociio, which  luua 
acrols  it  from  t  to  W.    It  is  abtiul  1.0 
miles  Irom  \'alpai  aifo,  wliith  is  the  pot t 
town  to  it.     The  Urtcts  ai  e  well   paved, 
and  the  ncft  of  tlxm  ha\e  a  fticam    of 
clean  water  running  through  the  ■'.    '1  l.c 
I  houl't>ti  are  ail  h.w,  in  general  but  one  fiuiy 
I  of  16  f<;et,  '■  cy   cover  a  large  c  tcni  t'f 
'  ground ;  in  ihe  centre  is  a  lar^'j  opt  1  touit, 
I  of  from  60  to  ICO  Xect  lijuin .     'i'hii  court 
!  is  planted    vith  a  v  'itiiy    oi  flowers  and 
fruit  treci,  and  'n  inoft  ot  the  houl'es  there 
lis  a  Itreanxoi  fiUh  watt;     i.itinuall'    -ua^ 
ning  throujOi  the  court,  which  fei     ^«  at 
()ni;t'  to  refrtlli  the  flowers,  to  j'l"  .■■  .1* 
eye,  and  benefit  the  health  of  tt  •  'nhalv 
itants.     'I'.he  inlides  of  I  '  rooms  arc  ele- 
gant, tlie  corniflies  arc  ^'  d,-.  i.nnd  the  fur- 
niture is  fuited  to  the    -ch  ,v;ipearance  of 
the  houles.     Alinoft  all  the  common  arti- 
gles  ufed  in  the  huufcs  are  of  lilver  ;  and 
It  is  not  uncommon  to  fee  gold  pitclicrs, 
gold  candlefticks,&c.  They  havenocbiin^ 
neys  to  their  houles,  the  weather  never 
bemg  lo  cold,  as  to  rr  juire  a  large  lire  ; 
when  it  is  chilly  they  iiave  elegant  lilver 
veflels,  filled  with  coals  brought  in  and 
placed  in  difterent   parts  of  the  houfe. 
Though  theJiQufes  are  thus  elegam,  tho 
inliabitants  are  ftill  more  interefting.  Not 
a  houfe  which  you  enter  is  without  a  gui- 
tar, and  a  number  of  beautiful  females  ta 
play  u    ^'i  •t,who  accompany  the  iuftrn- 
inenl  >'.i<'.  ; heir  enchanting  voices.    Th« 
people  Vie  with  each  other  in  making  vif- 
itants    happy ;  in    the    forepart   of  the 
day  are  offered  Iwcetmeats  and  flowers, 
iiid  in  the  afternoon,  chocolate,  cordials, 
&c.    Indeed  more  polite   and    friendly 
treatment  could  not  be  received  from  any 
people,  than  from  thefe  liofpitable  Chi- 
litcs.    A  new  mint  is  now  building,  a  flu- 
pendousand  elegant  fabric  4J0  feet  fquare, 
curioully  divided, with  750  windows  and 
doors.     It  has  a  large  open  iquare  in  the 
centre  for  the  flower  garden,  like  the 
dwelling  houfes,but  of  a  height  proprtion- 
ate  to  its  bignefs  on  the  ground, with  a  gal- 
lery all  around  it.     The  roof  is  flat,  which 
forms  a  beautiful  walk  from  wliich  the 
whole  city  may  be  viewed  to  great  ad- 
vantage,   [HviitU's  jQurnei.]    Ihc  tovv» 

is 


Itili  !, 


'^'.n 


M 


it'  •!v^. 


t'^  ■,•  <: 


JAG 

h  fubje^  to  earthquakes,  and  the  inhab- 
itants are  native  Americans  and  Spaniards. 
It  contains  40,000  inhabitants  according 
to  Abbe  R.tvnal,  and  carries  on  a  confid- 
crable  trade  with  Buenos  Ayres,  by  land, 
.-554  leagues  diflant.  Although  above  40 
leagues  of  the  way  arc  aniidfl  the  fnows 
and  precipices  of  the  Cordilleras,  yet  it  is 
found  fafer  and  cheaper  to  fend  goods  by 
this  road  than  by  fen.  See  Cliii.  S  I  at. 
33  40,  W  Ion.  69  35. 

yi'^  ife  Gun  lima  la  St.  Sec  Gvatimala. 
jfff^n  de  Cuba,  a  town  on  the  foutSiem 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  with  a  good 
harbour,  feated  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay, 
and  on  the  river  of  the  lame  name.  It 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  iOand,  and 
was  built  in  15 1 4,  is  well  fortified,  and 
commands  the  windward  paflage.  I'his 
place  has  a  decliuir.g  al'pcdt,  and  prefents 
only  the  ruins  of  its  former  grcatnefs. 
Yet  it  has  a  noble,  fafe,  and  commodious 
port,  inferior  to  the  Havannah  only  in  its 
lituation.  Within  3  leagues  of  it,  at  Cov- 
ery,  is  a  rich  copper  mine.  In  the  road 
from  St.  Jago  to  St.  Salvadorc  are  a  great 
qnautity  of  flint(U)ne9,  of  various  fixes,  fo 
ronnd  that  they  might  I'erve  for  cannon 
Intllets.  St.  Jago  has  a  cathedral  with 
canons  reiidentiary,  and  had  once  a  good 
trade,  but  it  is  removed  to  the  Havanneh, 
where  its  biHiop  alfo  refides.  Sir  Francio 
Drake  took  and  burnt  this  city  in  1585. 
It  is  about  ^^  leagues  to  the  eadward  of 
the  Copper  Hills,  iz  or  13  W  of  Cumber- 
land harbour,  and  41  S  6  Wof  the  £  end 
of  th^Rfland  of  Jamaica.  N  lat.  20  15,  W 
loB.  76  40. 

J  ago  de  Leon,  St.  a  towT  of  Venezuela,  a 
province  of  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America, 
18  miles  from  the  feacoafl,  and  fit  uated  on 
a  plain,  amongft  high  mountains  extreme- 
ly difficult  of  accefs.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Englifli  in  x J99 ;  but  afterwards  reflored 
to  Spain. 

y^rgo  de-Nexafba,  St.a  town  of  Guaxaca, 
in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  fituated  in 
the  valley  of  Nexapha,  on  a  river  which 
falls  into  the  river  /.  Ivarado.  It  has  a 
rich  convent  of  Domin'cans. 

yago  Del  EJlero,  St.  a  town  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, one  of  the  moft  confiaerable  of  Tucu- 
man,  and  the  refidence  of  the  inquifitor 
of  the  province,  and  is  a  biliop'sfee.  It 
is  fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Dolee, 
which  is  here  pretty  large  and  navigable 
for  veflels  of  brirden.  It  is  160  leagues 
E  of  Potofi.    S  lat  34  40,  W  Ion.  64  S5- 

yago  De  Las  fu/Zw,  St  a  town  of  N.  „ 
America,  in  (he  audicaceof  M«xicp,  feat- 1 


JAM 

ed  on  a  plain,  on  the  river  Panuc*,  N  lat, 
23,  W  Ion  71  10. 

y«go  De  La  Vega,  or  Spanijh  Town,  it 
the  capital  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica ;  fituat- 
ed in  ^liddlef'ex  co.  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  Cobre,  about  6  miles  from  the  fea« 
and  contains  between  5  and  600  houfes, 
and  about  5,000  inhabitants,  including 
people  of  colour.  It  is  the  relidence  of  the 
governor  or  commander  in  chief,  who  it 
accommodated  with  a  i'uperb  palace. 
Here  the  legiflature  is  convened,  and  the 
court  of  chancery,  and  the  lupreme  court 
of  judicature  are  held.  It  was  greatly 
damaged  by  a  ilorm  in  1772.  It  lies  in 
the  8  £  part  of  the  ifland,  about  7  milei 
N  W  of  Port  PafTage,  on  the  bay  of  Port 
Royal.    N  lat.  18  6,  W  Ion.  76  49. 

yago,  St.  in  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
See  Tage. 

yamaiea,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  watered  by  leveral  branches  of 
Wed  river,  and  containing  '463  inhabit- 
ants. 

yamaiea,  a  pod  and  chief  town  of 
Queen's  co.  N.  York,  in  the  W  part  of  I^. 
ifland,  and  contains  a  Prefbyterian,  an 
Fpifcopalian,  and  a  Dutch  church,  an 
academy,  and  nearly  100  dwelling  houfes. 
It  is  12  miles  £  of  N.  York  city.  The 
whole  townfliip  contains  1,661  inhabit- 
ants. 

yamaiea,  an  ifland  fituated  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  about  4060  miles  S  W 
of  Great  Britain,  and  forms  one  of  the 
moft  valuable  appendages  to  that  crown. 
It  is  30  leagues  £  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo ;  about  the  fame  diftance  N  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba;  having  the  gulf  of  Hon- 
duras on  the  W,  and  Carthagena  on  the 
continent  of  S.  America  to  the  S,  diftant 
145  leagues.  The  centre  of  Jamaica 
lies  in  about  18  12  N  lat.  and  about  76  45 
W  Ion.  from  London.  It  is  150  miles  in 
length,  and  on  a  medium  about  40  mile* 
in  breadth,  containing  4,080,000  acres ; 
of  which  900,000  acreii  were  planted  in 
1675:  and  in  November,  1789,  .there 
were  no  more  than  1,907,589  acres  loca- 
ted, or  taken  up,  by  grants  from  the 
crown.  This  ifland  is  interfetSted  with  a 
ridge  of  fteep  xocks,  from  which  ifi'ue  a 
vaft  number  of  fmall  rivers  of  pure  whole- 
fome  water,  which  fall  down  in  cataraiSts, 
and  together  with  the  ftupendous  height 
of  the  mountains,  and  the  bright  verdure 
of  the  trees,  through  which  they  flow 
with  rapidity  to  the  fea  on  both  fides  of 
the  idand,  form  a  moft  delightful  land* 
fcape  \  but  oooe  are  navigable  by  marine 

TefTels. 


JAM 

VefTels.  The  bluemountainPeakrifn  7431 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea.    (^Pinierton.) 
Black  river  Uthe  deeped,  and  is  navigable 
for  71at  bottomed  boats  and  canoes   30 
miles.    Sugar  is  the  greateft  and  mod  val- 
uable produdtion  of  this  ifland.       Of  this 
article  was  exported  to  Great  Britain  in 
1787,  8l4f7o6cwt. in  1790,  i.iSj^yi^cwt. 
It  produces  alfo  cocoa,  ginger,  pimenta,  or 
as  It  is  called,  Jamaica  pepper,  and  vul- 
garly allfpice  ;  the   wild  cinnamon,  the 
machlaeel,  whofe  fruit,  though   uncom- 
monly delightful  to  the  eye,  contains  one 
of  the  worft  poifons  in  nature ;  the  cab- 
bage tree,  reiiwrkable  for  its  height,  and 
for  the  hardnefs  of  its  wood,  whicli,  when 
dry,  is  incorruptible,  and  hardly  yields  to 
any  kind  of  tool ;  the  palma,  affording 
oil,  much  efteemed  by  tbe  negroes,  both 
as  food    and    medicine ;  the  foap  tree, 
whofe  berries  anfwer  all  the  purpofes  of 
wafliing ;  the  mangrove  and  olive  bark, 
ttfeful   to  tanners  ;  the  fuAie  and    red- 
wood, to  the  dyers ;  and  lately  the  log- 
wood.   The  indigo  plant   was  formerly 
nach  cultivated,  and  the  cotton  tree  is 
ftill  fo.    £bre  they  have  maize,  or  Indian 
corn,  Guinea  corn,  peas  of  various  kinds, 
with  a  variety  of  roots.     Fruits  grow  in 
great  plenty,  as'  citrons,  Seville  and  China 
oranges,  common  and  fweet  lemons,  limes, 
fhaddocks,  pomegranates,  mamees,  four- 
fops,  papas,  pine  apples,  prickly  pears,  ?.l- 
licada  pears,  melons,  guavas,  feveral  kinds 
of  berries,  and  kitchen  vegetables  in  great 
Tariety.      Admiral  Rodney  enriched  this 
beautiful  irtand  with  many  of  the  rare 
produtltions  of  the  Eall,  which  fell  into 
his  hands  by  the  fortune  of  war  ;  particu- 
larly the  bread  fruit  tree,  the  true  Cey- 
lon cinnamon  tree,  and  the  mango  tree. 
Jamaica  can  boaft  of  a  botanical  garden 
containing  the  rareft  collection  of  curious 
trees  and  plants  perhaps  in  the  world  ;  of 
which  a  catalogue  has  been  publiflied. 
The  botanical   garden  contains,   among 
other  valuable  produdlions,  the  Chincfe 
hemp,  pahn,  Otaheite  plum,  tallow  tree, 
gum  arable,  paper  mulberry,  from  which 
paper  and  cloth  are  made,  te4  plant,  and 
Chinefe  olivei    The  other  produiStions, 
both  animal  and  vegetable,  arc  fuch  as 
arecommontothe  othcriflandsin  the  Weft 
Indies ;  but  mahogany  is  now    become 
fcarce.    In  many  parts  of  Jamaica  there  is 
a  great  a,ppearance  of  metals ;  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  Spaniards  had  mineii 
both  of  diver  and  copper.      A  lead  mine 
wns  indeed  opened  fomc  years  ago,  near 
to  the  Hope  edate,  in  St.  Andriw't  p^r- 


JAM 

Ilh ;  but  the  pofTcdbrs  find  more  profit  T« 
cultivating  the  furfacc  of  the  earth  tliait 
digging  into  its  bonreh.       Jamaica  is  di- 
vided into   3   counties,  MiJJUfex,  Surr\f 
and  Cornwall ;  fubdivided  into  to  parim" 
es,  a'  follows :  Mlddlcfcx  contains  thofe  of 
St.  Mary,  St.  Ann,  St.  John,  St.  Dorothy, 
St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Clarendon,  Vere> 
St.  Catherine,  the  town  of  St.  Jago  de  lif 
Vega,  the  capital,  and  13  villages  ;  244 
fugar  plantations,   and  43,626    negroea 
Surry  contains  the  paridies  of  St.  Andrew, 
St.  George,  Portland,  Port  Royal,  St.  Da« 
vid,  St.Thom.i9  in  the  Eaft,  Kinc(>on,  the 
toAvns  of  Kingfton  and  Port  Royal,  8  vil- 
lages, ijy  fugar  pla'ntati<nis,  and  47,337 
negroes.     Corntvall  contains  the  parifhei 
ofTrelawney,  SLjames,  Hanover,  WeH- 
mureland,  St.  Elizabeth,  the  towns  of  Sa- 
vanna Ir  Mar,  Montego    Bay,  and  Fal- 
mouth, 309  fugar  plantations, and  57,835 
negroes.    The  whole  30  pariflies  contain 
18  churches  and  chapels ;  and  each  par- 
idv  has  a  ret^or  and  other  church  ofllcers. 
Preientations  to  livings  are  made  by  the 
commander  in  chief.      The  number  of 
wliite  inhabitants  in  1787,  was  30,000; 
freed  negroes    10,000;  mai-ooiM  1400; 
and  flaves  250,000  ;  in  all,  304,000.  The 
value  of  this  illand  as  Britlflx  property,  i» 
eftimnted  as  follows  :  ajo,ooo,  negroes  at 
£50  fterlin^  each,  14  i-a  millions ;  the 
landed  and  perfonal  property  and  buikU 
ings  to  which  they  are  appertinent,  45 
millions  more  ;  the  houfes  and  property 
in  the  towns,  and  the  veflels  employed  ia 
trade,  i  i-2  millions ;  in  all  39  millioni. 
The  exports  of  Jamaica  for  one  year, 
ending  the  Jth  of  January,  1788,  amounts 
edinderling money  10,^2.136,44*:  17:  3, 
In  1787  the  exports  to  the  United  State* 
amounted  to  £60,095  :  18  fliillings,  and 
importations  from  the  United  States  n> 
the  value  of  £90,000.      This  ifland  wa» 
originally  a  part  of  the  Spanilb  empire  in 
America.   It  was  reduced  under  the  Brit- 
ifli  doivinion  by  Penn  and  Venable*  iifc 
1656,  and  ever  fince  has  been  fubjedb  to 
Great  Britain.      The  government  of  it  i» 
one  of  the  richeft  places  next  to  that  of 
Ireland,  in  the  difpofal  of  the  crown,  the 
ftanding  falary  being  £2500  per  annum, 
and  the  aflTemoly  commonly  vote  as  much 
more  to  the  governor ;  which,  with  other 
perquiiitcs,  make   it  on  the  whole  little 
lefs  than  £io,coo  a  year.      This  fine  ill- 
and is  fubjcdl:  to  earthqu:<.kcs  and  hurri- 
canes,  whicli    have    done  it  incredible 
damage.    See  Weji  InJiu  and  Cold  Upring. 

Jamu'f 


}r  !!■ 


'm 


JAM 

^<«>»ftV  Say,  licft  at  the  hottom  6i  moiff 
uiichern  part  of  Hudfud's  Bay,  with 
^hich  it  communicates, and  divides  Nevv 
Britain  Trom  doutii  Wales.  It  contains 
fevcrat  idands,  among  which  are  Bear, 
Viiiers,  Chirletoii,  and  Agontifca  iilands. 
Michifiicotoii  river,  which  falls  into  Lake 
Superior,  has  its  fource  towards  this  bay, 
ii'om  whence  there  is  faid  to  he  but  a 
fliort  portage  to  Moole  river,  \vhich  falls 
into  James's  Bay. 

yamji'i  Cibc,  ^t.  19  the  foHthcrnmoftex- 
Ircmity  of  Wafliint^ton  Irtesj  on  the  N  W 
coafl:  of  N.  America. 

James's  IJlamI,  lies  on  the  S  fide  of 
Charlcllou  harbour,  in  S.  Carolina,  o|}po- 
lite  to  dharledort,  and  contains  about  50 
families.  It  is  feparated  from  Jchn's  lil- 
aiid  on  the  weftward  by  Stono  river. 

Jamtsi  a  rtavigable  river  of  Virginia, 
called  anciently  Poiohatan  by  the  Indians, 
is  formed  by  the  junction  of  Jackfon's 
and  Cowpaliure  rivers,  which  ai-e  nearly 
equal.  At  the  very  place  where  it  be- 
gins to  break  through  the  Blue  ridge,  it 
teceJves  the  North  river,  which  is  one 
third  as  large  as  the  main  (tream.  fie- 
tweca  the  Bl«e  ridge,  and  Richmond,  it 
teceives  fiuifaloe  Tye  river,  P^ockflfli, 
Rivannah  on  the  Nf,  on  the  I?  Bent 
creek.  State  river  and  Willis's.  It  af- 
fords harbour  for  veflels  of  any  fize  in 
Hampton  Road,  but  not  in  fafety  through 
the  whole  winter  ;  and  there  is  naviga- 
ble water  for  them  as  far  .is  Mulberry 
lland.  A  40  gun  fliip  goes  to  Jamel- 
town,  and,  lightening  herfelf,m3y  pafs  to 
Harrifon's  Bar,  on  which  there  is  only  15 
feet  water.  Veffclls  of  ajo  tons  may  go 
lo  Warwick ;  thofe  of  I«5  go  to  Rock- 
ets's,  a  mile  below  Richmond,  from 
thence  is  about  7  feet  water  to  Rich- 
mond ;  and  about  the  centre  of  the  town 
4^  feet,  where  the  navigation  is  interrupt- 
ed by  falls,  which  in  a  courfe  of  6  mile<t, 
Jefc  nd  about  80  feet  perpendicular.  A 
canal  is  nearly  or  quite  completed  for  the 
palling  of  boats  by  ihcfe  falls.  Above 
thefe  the  river  is  navigable  for  batteaux 
and  canoes  to  within  10  miles  of  the  Blue 
ridge ;  and  even  through  the  Blue  ridge  a 
ton  weight  has  been  brought ;  and  the  ex- 
penfe  would  not  be  great,  when  compar- 
ed with  its  obje<St,  to  open  a  tolerable 
navigation  up  Jackfon's  riverandC«irpen- 
ter's  Creek,  to  within  aj  miles  of  How- 
ard'sCreek  of  Green  Bri.ar,  both  of  which 
Iiave  then  water  enough  to  float  vefTels 
into  the  Great  Kmhaway.  In  frime  fu- 
ture (Ute  of  population,  it  \k  pofliule  that 


JACL 


its  navigation  may  alfo  be  maie  to  Intel'* 
lock  with  that  of  the  Patowmac  ;  and 
through  that  to  communicate  by  a  fliort 
portage  with  the  Ohio. 

yjmts  City,  a  co.  of  Virginia,  ,;o  mile* 
long  and  la  broad,  lying  between  Chick- 
ahominy  and  James's  rivers.  It  containi 
154a  free  inhabitants,  and  a.^iS  flaves. 

yai/tet,  a  fort  on  the  N  fide  of  Loblollo 
Bay,  in  the  iHandof  Antigua,  iu  the  head 
of  which  is  St.  John's  harbour. 

yjmes,  a  creek  in  Delaware,  v/hich 
empties  iiito  Delaware  Bay,  11  miles  be- 
low Hook  Idand.  Dover,  the  feat  of  gov- 
ernment, (lands  on  this  creek,  5  milci 
from  its  mouth. 

James  Dartmouth,  Port,  a  fortrefs  at  the 
confluence  of  Broad  with  Savannah  river. 
It  was  creifted  under  the  Briiifli  govern- 
ment, and  deligncd  as  a  defence  of  a  com- 
mercial and  political  intercourfe  with  the 
Indians. 

James's,  St.  a  town  of  Maryland,  (ituat- 
ed  in  Kent  co.  4  miles  foUthwefterly  of 
the  town  oiChefter. 

James,  Goofe  Criei,  St.  a  parifli  in 
Charlelton  diftritft  S.  Carolina,  cpntaining 
9683  inhabitants ;  of  whom  3161  are 
(laves. 

James  Santee,  St.  a  parish  in  the  above 
diftritSt,  containing  4940  inhabitants  ;  of 
whom  3843  are  (laves.  / 

JameJIotvn.     See  Canonicut. 

Jameflovan,  a  po(t  town,  and  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Virginia,  and  .ounty 
town  of  James  City  county.  In  1777  it 
had  but  one  family.  The  church  and 
other  buildings  are  mouldering  to  ruins. 
It  is  the  ftldefl  town  in  the  fettlements 
formed  by  the  Englilh  in  N.  America.  It 
is  lituated  on  a  peninfula,  on  the  N  fide 
of  James's  river,  3  a  miles  from  Point 
Comfort,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  in 
Chefapeak  Bay.  It  is  8  miles  S  S  W  of 
William{burgh,and  68  S  £  by  £  of  Rich- 
mond.   Nlat.  379. 

Jatrejimvn,  in  Prince  Edward  co.  Vir- 
ginia, on  Appomatox  river,  la  miles 
from  the  court  houfe  N  E. 

James,  Great  and  Little,  St.  two  of  the 
fmallcr  Virgin  Ifles,  (ituated  in  the  King's 
Channel  E  of  Tortula,  and  W  of  St. 
Thomas,  between  which  and  them,  is  St. 
James's  palTage. 

James's  Town,  in  the  idand  of  Barba- 
docs,  in  the  W  Indies,  is  fituated  in  St. 
James's  parifh,  on  the  W  fide  ofthc  ifland. 

Janeira,  Rio  de.     See  Rio  de  Janeria, 

Jaqiiet,  a  river  on  the  fonthern  fide  of 
Clialeur  Bay,  called  by  the  Indians  Boo- 

(omiicK, 


jbown. 

Jaqun 

Jardin 

and  rock 

Cuba.    •] 

of  large  a: 

Jaufth 

rrtns  a  S  1 

MiiSfippi 

S  Of  the  n 

N  of  that  t 

..^■'^'  * 
Maincj  tl 

J*^»  gover 

lies  on  hot 

K.  and  ii 

front  an  es 

deuly  tun 

9nd  pafles 

inhabitant! 

place  was 

KattikiU,  ^ 

Kill.    Thi« 

of  governor 

Jayna,  a  < 

the  S  fide  0 

'Tlie  rivers 

4  leagues  aj 

an  ettcnlive 

originally  an 

to  the  colon 

gold,  that  w; 

fugar,  cocoa, 

tions  paid  < 

than  thofe  A 

JMi-tof  theii 

'n  this  tctrili 

that  the  fani( 

which  the  i 

3600  Spanif 

ing  many  ot 

Thefcttlemei 

avcntura  and 

formerly  call 

confiderable  : 

the  people  is 

wafliing  of  go 

?i"e.      Ther 

't  19  croffcd  in 

fathom*  from 

"lals  are  oblig 

loaft  lying  b«t 

JO  is  of  rock, 

fieneral  from  i 

''te  this  C0Bft 

each  of  about 

«'"ds  the  four 


i} 


rAt 


(hmira,  it  aboi't  3  leagues  W  of  ^illi 
X>o\Tii.    Here  is  a  fmali  ialmoa  fifliery. 

yajurmel.    See  yacmel. 
.    Jardine  d<l  Xeyna,  a  va(l  cluder  of  ifles 
tnd  roclu  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.    Thefe  furniih  iioineafc  numbcn 
oflarge  and  fine  turtle. 

Jauftlaiii,  a  triver  in  Loulfi^nA  which' 
ri^ns  a  S  £  courfc  and  empties  iutu  the 
Miffifippi  in  N  lat;  39  ij^  about  16  ihiles 
S  of  the  mouth  of  Fabiaw  river,  and  13 
N  of  that  of  Oahaha  river. 

Jay,  a,  townfhip  in  Kenneheck  co. 
MainCi  thus  naiUcd  in  honor  of  Joha 
Jay',  goveraor  of  the  date  of  N.  York.  It 
lies  on  both  fideSof  Oreat  ATuercikoggcn 
IL  and  iocjiudes  the  great  bead  which 
from  an  cafterly  atid  wefterly  courfe  fud- 
dculy  tiirna  foutherly  in  this  townfhip, 
and  pafTes  into  Livermore,  and  has  4.'}o 
inhabitants^  The  Indian  name  of  this, 
place  was  Rocbomttoe, 

Jjy't  f^<i//^,a  fettlement  in  the  town  of 
Kattflcill,  N.  York,  fermerly  called  Jlfi'mr 
Kill.  This  UaOie  was  changed  io  honor 
of  governor  Jayi 

Jiiyita^i  canton,  parifh  and  river  oa 
the  S  fide  of  the  iflaod  of  St.  Domingo. 
Tlie  rivers  Nigua  and  Jayiia  are  aliout 
4  leagues  apart;  and  between  them  liest 
an  extenflve  and  fertile  plain,  which  was 
originally  an  abundant  fource  of  siches. 
to  the  colonifla.  The  quantity  of  pure 
gold,  that  was.dttg  from  its  cavities^  its 
fugar,  cpeoa,  indigo,  and  other  planta/-: 
tions  paid  duties  to  a  greater  amount 
than  thofe  4i|r.  paid  by  all  the  Spanifh, 
partof  theilHnd.  put  togQthc^  It  was 
in  this  territory,  and  on  the  river  Jayna, 
that  the  famous  lump  of  gold  was  foundy 
which  the  Spanifh  writers  fay  weighed 
3600  Spanifli  dollars  ;  without  mention- 
ing many  others  of  a  remarkable  fize. 
The  fettlcments  Oaraboa,  Guayabal,  Boa*i 
aventura  and  Cagnahola,  which  iaft  was 
formerly  called  the  Whale,  are  very  in> 
coniiderable  ;  the  whole  employment  of 
the  people  is  breeding  of  cattle,  or,  the 
^afliing  of  gold  land.  Indigo  grows  wild 
here.  The  river  Jayna  is  not  fordabte  ; 
it  is  crofTcd  in  eaooea  and  fkins  at  250 
fathoms  frons>  itt  moutbf  and  the  ani* 
mals  are  obliged  to  fwiift  acrols  It.  .  The 
c'uaft  lying  b^twecB  Jaya««nd  St.  Domin- 
go is  of  rock,  ahnofl  pcracndicular,  in 
general  from  6  to  tj  feet  kigh.  Oppo- 
lite  this  ceaft-  are  a  ntnnber  of  fltoaN, 
each  of  aboitt  40  fathoms  wide.  To- 
wards  the  fource  of  this  river  were  the 
celebrated  gold  iqjnes  of  St.  Cbtifto- 
V01..I.  Gg 


ptier^s,  ileai'  which  Columbus  erei^d  thtf 
fort  of  thit  name.  Ther^  are  alfo  rich 
filver  mines  on  this  river.  The  efliblifh* 
ipents  in  the  plain  of  St,  Rnfe,  and  thofe 
on  the  Jayna  ought  to  be  looked  upon  a« 
depending  on  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 
I  hey  are  reckoned  to  contain  2000  per.> 
ions  {  for  the  mofl  part  people  of  colour, 
free  and  flaves. 

Jeitn  Rabcl^  %  town  on  the  N  W  part  of 
the  N  peninfuia  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, in  19  J5  N  lat.  and  in  7542W 
Ion.  from  Paris,  It  is  4  leagues  £  of  the 
Mole,  and  34  W  of  Cape  Francois.  Jean, 
Rabel  Point  forms  the  anchorage  of  thal^ 
name,  which  is  good,  fafe,  and  eafy  tO; 
fetch.  Yoju  can  anchor  iq  15  fathoms. 
You  may  go  farther  in  as  far  as  8  fath- 
oms ;  but  it  is  not  fafe,  as  the  water  flioals 
fuddcniy,  and  the  ground  is  not  fo  clean 
inilde.  The  Ddarcadairt,  or  landing 
place,  is  a  vcrv  good  one,  even  if  there 
fhould  be  a  fwell ;  it  is  under  the  fort, 
which  is  exceedingly  well  placed,  and 
makes  it  a  very  good  retreat  from  an  en- 
emy. The  grounds  hold  well,  and  the  only 
winds  to  fear  arc  the  N  and  N  W. 

Jfjerfon,  fort,  in  Oliio  State,  is  fituate^ 
on  a  fmall  fkream  v/hich  fults  into  the 
Great  Miami ;  contains  about  100  men  } 
21  miles  N  of  Fort  St.  Clair.     N  lat.  40  4, 

yejir/on,  a  fort  o»  the  E  b:mk  of  the 
Miffitippi<  in  Kentucky,  near  the  line  o£ 
the  State  of  Tcueflee. 

Jifftrfon^  a  poll  town  of  Virginia,  on 
the  N  fide  of  Roanoke  river,  19  miles  be- 
low the  Oeconeachey  Iflands.  N  lat* 
^6  3*- 

Jeffirfan,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bounds 
ed  N  and  W  by  Ohio  river,  S  by  Nelfoa 
county,  and  S  £  and  £  by  Shelby.  It 
cmtaios  8395  inhabitants ;  of  whom  2330^ 
are  flaves.  Chief  town,  Louifville,  at  tho 
Rapids  of  the  Ohio.  Drinnons  Lick,  in, 
this  county,  lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Kcn- 
tuckyrtvcr,about  15  milesfromits  mouth; 
and  isfeparated  from  the  famous  medic«. 
inal  fpring  by  a  fmall  rivulet. 

J'fff'ffi'  Affdtnyt  is  in  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
ginia. 

Jeferfon,  a  county  of  Georgia,  ere«Sed 
in  1796  from  the  couiities  of  Burke  an<i 
War ren,  bordering  on  Ogechee  river,  and 
Briar  and  Big  creeks.  Courts  and  elec- 
tions are  held  at  Louifville  for  this  coun- 
ty.    It  has  5684  inhabitants. 

Jefferfan,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N, 
Hampfliire,  containing  in  inhabitants. 

Jitffhrfan,  a  county  in  Teneffee,  Hamil- 
ton Uiftri^,  is  bvuadcd  N  by  Grc{n  co. 

Eby 


'.'»(■ 


'"  V: 


tM 


w^, ... 


iWHIlffW 


JER 

it  by  N.  Carolina,  watered  by  the  HoU 
Aon,  French,  Broad  and  Nullachuckcy 
rivers,  and  contains  with  the  county  of 
Cocke  9017  inhabitants,  of  whom  695 
arc  Haves. 

Jefferfan,  a  county  of  the'flate  of  Oliio^ 
bounded  S  by  the  Ohio,  N  by  Lake  Erie, 
intluding  the  tradt  called  the  CouneAi- 
cut  referve.  Chief  town,  Stubenville.  It 
contains  8766  inhabitants. 
■  J(^(ifoii,  A  tmvn  of  Pennfylvania,  9 
miles  from-Amity,  and  7  from  Scottvill& 

"Jejrejs  Ledge,  a  fand  bank,  on  the  coaft 
of  Maflachufetts,  between  Cape  Ann  and 
Cafco  Bay,  extending  from  the  N  E  to 
the  S  W  J 'between  4  a  40,  and  43  37  3°  N 
kt.  and  between  68  ja  30,  and  ^9  45  W 
Ion. 

Jelyl  Sound,  iu  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Alatamaha,  in  Georgia,  which  will  afford 
fal'e  riding  for  a  dozen  ibips  of  40  guns. 

Jeniintown^  a  village  where  is  a  poft- 
office,  in  Montgomery  co.  Peunfylvanja> 
10  miks  N  of  Philadelphia. 

yetiu<:hjhitdcga,iin  Indian  villajr"  in  Penn* 
fylvan-a,  on  the  W  bank  of  Alleghany 
river,  14  miles  S  E  from-  the<  outlet  of 
ChiUaughque  Lake. 

"Jeri-mit,  a  jui'ilUitfl'ion,  town,-  and  cape,' 
within-  tne  bite  or  bay  of  l.eogane,  and 
on  the  fouthcni  penintula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  liominjjo.  'ITiis  is  the  weftornmioft  ju- 
rifdii^ion  of  the-iLland»contains  1  pariflies; 
and  is  celebrated  for  the -excellency  of  its- 
foil,  buf  particulariy  for  the  culture  of 
toffee.  It*  exports  from  Jan.  I,  1789,  to 
Dec.  3 1,  of  the  fame  year- were  as  follows  r 
1420 11).  white  fugar,  247,760  lb.  brown 
ittgar,  5,440,646  lb.  coffee,  54.786  lb.  cot- 
ton, 739S  lb. indigo  ;  and  variousarticl^s* 
to  the  value  of  297  livres.  Th6  exporta- 
tion duty  on  thefe  prodmflions  amountcdi 
to  13,328  dollars  6  cents  The  town, 
ftands  on  the  W  iide  of  the  bay  and  at  the 
mouth  01' a  1)1  ooks  a  le.igue  S.byW  of 
Point  Jcremie,  11  due  N  of  Port  a  Piment 
On  the  S  Iide  of  the  penlnfula,  and  nearly 
8  leagues  E  'of  Cape  Dame  Marie.  Point 
Jeremie  lies  i»  N  lat.  18  4a  30,  W  Ion. 
irom  Paris  76  32. 

'  yer<^miifquam,  an  illand  in  Lincoln  co. 
Al'aiiie,  which,  with  Folly  Illand,  form  the 
mouth  of  Shecplcott  river  in  WifcafTet  Bay. 

Jerico,  a  poft  town  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  lies  S  E  of  EiTex,  and  N  E  of 
Willifton,  and  feparated  frwn  the  latter 
kv  Onion  river,  and  .has  72?  inhabkants. 
'  Jerico,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  in  Cheji- 
engo  CO.  on  the  F.  branch  of  Sui,'i«elij||^j^, 
jiud  hai  i,^^.inliAbitrjtt«,  ^.  r  , 


^cram.  Fort  St.  a  fort  on  the  S  fide  (A 

the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  fca  fidij^ 
and  near  the  rdad  from  the  city  of  St. 
Domingo,  and  in  the  canton  of  Jayiia. 
It  is  m  more  than  a  fortified  redoubt  ia 
mafon  y ;  but  it  is  conftructed  with  art. 

Jeij  V  FUU,  a  fcttlement  in  Norway 
toymfi  n,  irv  Herkemec  co.  N.  York,  om 
Canad    creek. 

Jer.  Urn,  a  poft  town  in  Ontario  co.  N. 
York,  r'^vfl  compadk  part  of  it  forms  a 
handfoi  z  toWp, on  the  W  fidcof  Seneca 
Lake,  a  1  contains  about  50  families,  the 
foilowci  of  Jemima  Wilkiikbn.  It  ha* 
i»i9.  inhabitants.  It  is3omiles  N  E  by 
Nof  Bath,  aiidi6  S  S  W  of  Geneva. 

yeriifulemt  or  Funtt  Toivn,  a  town  of 
Maryland,  Wafliington  co.  on  Antietam 
creek,  about  i\  miles  S  W  of  Elizabeth 
Town.  It  contains  about  <  50  dwellings, 
and  a  German  church. 

Jcruf.iUia,  a  poft  town,  Southampton  co, 
Virginia,  210  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Jgru/alem,  QU.      See  Fallen  City. 

"Jeriiyti,  a  motmtain-  Atuated  in  thft 
valley  of  Urecho,  in  Mexico-  or  Nc\» 
Spain,  is- a  great  curioHty.  Before  the 
year  1760,  there  was  nothiagof  it  bur 
a'  fmall  hilH  where  there  was  a  fugar 
plantation.'  But  on  the  -zpth  of  Scptem- 
berj  1760,  it  biirft  with  furious  fhocks, 
and  entirely  ruined  the  fugar  work» 
and  the  neighbouring  village  of  Cuaca- 
na ;  and  from  that  time  has  continued 
to  emit  fire  and  burning  rocks,  which 
have  formed  themfeives  into  3  high 
mountains,  whofe  circufltffrence  wai 
nearly  6  miles  in  1766.  "Rie  allies  at 
the  eruption  wera forced  to  the  dillaiice 
of  I  JO  mitts.  In  the  city  of'Valadolid; 
60  miles  diftant,' it  rained  alhes  in  furh 
abundance,  that  they  wore  -  bliged  to 
fweep  the  yard&  of  their  houfes  two  or 
three  time»  during  the  day. 
■  y-Jfam'me,  a  county  of  Rentttcky,  con* 
taining  5438  inhabitants,  of  whom  1553 
areilaves.  Chief  town  Nicholafville,  nam- 
ed  after  Col.  Nicholas,  aneminent  lawyerj 
and  intelligent  ftatefman. 

Jifu$,  Ijlfde,  afoiall  ifland  lying  8dc 
grces  due  N  of  'he  New  Hebrides  Ifland, 
and  1450  league?  W  of  the  ooaft'  of  Pern, 
in  S  lat.  6  50,  £-  Ion.  frtmi  Paris'  i6j,  dit> 
covered bjr  M«nda|K, ^n.'iotlt,  1567,  in- 
habited by  a  copper  coiobred  and  mulattt! 
race  of  men.,  a  ,.».■> 

yehn,  Ji,>yiii'eff>at.  a  l»ttlletr«tk  whith 
furhilhes  a  very  cafy  communication  from 
New  Orleans  to  W.  Florida.    It  is  naviga- 
ble for  velliab  drawinfi  aboit  4  feet  water  1 
I  a  •->  6  aiilti 


■6  mHes  \ip  frcun  the  lake  Pondiartrain, 
.4vhere  there  is  a  landing  place,  at  which 
Tcflels  load  and  unload  ;  this  is  about  a 
,inileti  from  the  town.  The  entrance  of 
•the  Bayouk  of  St.  John  is  defended  by  a 
b-ittery  of  j  or  6  cannon.  Thcrf  i  fome 
plantations  on  the  Bayouk,  and  on  the 
road  from  thence  to  New  Orleans,  \vhich 
fee. 

yohn  de  Fnntiira,  St,  w  the  chief  town 
of  the  province  of  Cuyo  in  Peru. 

John's  JJlandty  in  S.  Caroluia,  lies  S  W  of 
^harledon  harbour,  divided  from  James' 
Ifland  by  Stono  river,  which  forms  a  con- 
•venient  and  fafe  harltour. 

Jobn't  JJIand,  in  ^the  bay  of  Quin  te,  U. 
Canada,  oppofite  the  Mohawk  iettlemeot 
W  of  Richmond.  Smyth, 

Johns  College,  ,Sl,  In  Maryland,  in  the 
eky  of  Annapolis,  was  inflitutcd  in  1784, 
to  have  34  trudees,  with  power  to  keep 
up  the  fuccefCon  by  fupplying  vacancies, 
and  to  receive  an  annual  income  of  j^pooo. 
It  has  a  permanent  fund  of  £1750  a  vear 
out  of  the  moneys  ariling  from  marriage, 
•licenfcs,  fines  and  forfeitures  on  the  Wdik- 
ern  Shore.  This  college,  with  Wafliing- 
ton  college  at  Cheftertown,  confUtute  one 
univeriity,  named  "The  Univerfity  of 
Maryland."  The  convocation  of  the  U- 
niverfity  of  Maryland,  who  are  to  frame 
the  laws,  prefervc  uniformity  of  manners 
and  literature  in  the  colleges,  confer  the 
higher  degrees,  determine  appeals,  &c. 

John's,  St.  one ,  of  the  chief  towns  of 
Newfoundland  ifland,  fituated  on  the  £ 
waft.  Nlat.47  3a,Wlon.5a  ai.  It  lies 
on  the  bay  of  the  fame  name.  Its  har- 
bour is  one  of  the  beft  in  the  ifland,  and 
has  from  10  to  17  fathoms  water  up  to 
King's  wharf,  which  is  a  little  to  the  N  W 
•f  the  Old  Fort,  at  the  bottom  of  the  town, 
and  is  a  mile  fro^  tlie  mouth  of  the  har- 
honr.  A  mile  further  is  the  mouth  of 
Caftor  river,  in  which  diftance  there  h 
from  14  to  4  fathoms  of  water.  On  the  S 
Me  of  this  river  im  King's  wharf,  an  hof- 
l>ital,  and  a  watering  place.  Near  thel'e 
are  the  hills  called  the  High  Lands  of  St. 
John's.     N  lat.  47  32,  W  Ion.  ja  29, 

Johns, St,  a  bay  and  ifland>on  the  W 
coaftof  Newfoimdiand,  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
lawrence,  at  the  S  W  end  of  the  ftraits  of 
Bi-tlifle. 

Jo.'n's  River,  St,  in  E.  Florida,  rifcs  in  or 
Jicar  a  large  fvvamp  in  the  heart  of  E.  Flor- 
jJa,  and  purfues  a  northern  courfe,  in  a 
Broad  navigable  dream,  which  in  feveral 
places  fpreads  into  broad  bays  or  lakes ;  • 
^  wJiich  Lake  Oeqrge  i«  the  chief.    Vef- 


JOII 

fels  that  draw  9  or  lo  feet  water,  may  nav- 
igate fafely  through  the  W  channel  int(» 
St.  John's  river  as  far  as  Lake  Cieorgc, 
which  fee.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  is  lia- 
ble to  fliift  It  is  10^  leagues  N  of  St.  Au- 
guftinc- 

Johns  River,  Little  St.  in  W.  Florida,  falls 
into  Apalache  Kay,  about  to  milos  c;(ft- 
ward  of  Apalache  river.  It  is  faid  to  be 
the  clearcft  and  pureft  of  ;iiiy  in  America, 
is  about  200  yards  broad,  imkI  about  15  or 
20  feetdeep  at  the  town  cri'alahafochcte. 
The  fwanip  called  Onaqiijijjhenogaw  is 
faid  to  be  its  fource,  which  is  100  miles 
by  land  from  Talahafochete,  and,  follow- 
ing its  windings,  from  the  fea  200  miles. 
1'he  Indians  and  traders  fay  it  has  no 
branches,  <:r  tributaries,  which  fall  into 
it ;  but  that  it  is  fed  by  great  fprings 
which  break  out  thro«!gh  the  banks. 

Jchns,  Si.  is  the  largfil  river  in  the  Brk- 
ifl»  province  of  New   Brunfwick.     From 
its  mouth  on  the  N  fide  of  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy,  to  its  main  fource  is  computed  to  ho 
3  JO  miles.    The  tide  flows  Ro  or  90  milos 
up  this  river.     It  is  navigable  for  f)o(>[« 
^of  JO  tons  60  milcs,.'ind  for  boats  200.  Its 
general  courfe  fnom  its  fourre  is  E  S  E. 
It  furniflies  the  greatcft  plenty  of  faliron, 
bafs,  and  fturgecm  ;  and  is  the  ccmni(.h  . 
rout  to  Quebec.     About  a  mile  above  the 
city  of  St.  John's  is  the  only  entrance  Into 
this  river.    It  is  about  80  or  too  yards 
wide,  and  about  400   yards  in  length  ; 
called  the  falls  of  the  river.     It  being 
narrow,  and  a  ridge  of    rocks   running 
acrofs  the  bottom  of  the  channel, on  which 
are  not  above  17  feet  of  water,  it  is  not 
Sufficiently  fpacious  todifcharge  the  frelli 
waters  of  the  river  above.     Ihe  commc  i\ 
tides  flowing  hereabout  20  feet,  the  wa- 
ters of  the  river,  at  h>w  water,  are   about 
■12  feet  higher  than  the  waters  of  the  feai; 
.at  high  water,  the  waters  of  the  fca  are 
about  5  feet  higher  thmi  thofe  of  the  rivr 
er ;  fo  that  in  every  tide  there  are  2  falb, 
one  outwards  and  one  inwards.    The  on- 
ly time  of  paflTing  with  fafety  is  at   the 
time  when  the  waters-of  the  river  are  level 
with  the  waters  of  the  fea,  which  is  twice 
in  a  tide,  and  continues  not  more  than 
ao  minutes  each  time.    At  other  times  it 
is  either  impaflable  or  extremely  danger- 
ous ;  refombling  tlw  paflagc  of  Hell  Gate 
near  N.  York.     The  bankn  of  this  river, 
enriched  by  the  anrual  freflicts,  are  ex- 
cellent land.    Abc.r  30   miles   from  its 
mouth  commences  a  fine  level  country  of 
rich   intervale  and  meadew  IniulH,  well 
clothed  with  timbsr  and  wood,  fuch   a# 


I  w 


^ 


JOH 


JOH 


I* 


ttine,  beech,  elm,  maple,  and  walnut.    It 
has  many  tributary  ftreams,  which  fall 
into  it  oil  each  fide,  among  which  ;ire  the 
Oromoifko   rirer,  by  which   the  Indians 
have  a  communication  with  P.iflamaquod- 
dy  ;  the   Nitliwach  and  Madamkifwick, 
on  which  are  rich  intervales  that  produce 
all  kinds  of  grain  in  the  higheft  perfec- 
tion.   This  noble  river,  in  its  ntmierous 
and  exteniive  branches,  waters  and  en- 
riches a  l.''.rgc  tradt  of  excellent  country, 
a  great  part  of  which  is  fettled  and  under 
improvement.    The  uplands,  in  general, 
are  covered  with  a  fine  growth  of  timber, 
fuch  as  pine  and  fprucc,  hemlock  and  hard 
wood,  principally  beech,  birch,  maple, 
and  fome  afh.    The  pines  on  this  river 
are  the  largeft  to  be  met  with  in  Britifli 
America,  and  afford  a  confiderable  fupply 
of  mails,  fome  from  20  to  30  inches  in  di- 
ameter, for  the  Britifli  navy. 

Johns,  St.  one  of  the  Virgin  iflands, 
about  I  a  leagues  E  of  Porto  Rjco.  It  is 
about  5  miies  long  and  i  broad  ;  and  a 
leagues  S  of  St.  Thomas.  It  is  the  bed 
watered  of  all  the  Virgin  Iflea ;  and  its 
harbour,  called  Crawl  Bay,  is  reckoned 
better  than  that  of  t.  Thomas,  and  pafles 
for  the  beft  to  the  leeward  of  Antigua. 
There  is,  however,  little  good  land  in  the 
idand,  and  its  exportations  are  trifling. 

Jolin't,  St.  an  idand  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
liawrence,  near  the  northern  coaft  of  No- 
va Scotia,  to  which  government  it  is  an- 
nexed.    It  is  117  miles  in  length  from  N 
E  to  S  W.    The  medium  breadth  is  ao 
miles;  but  between  Richmond  Bay  on 
the  N,  and  Halifax  Bay  on  the  S,  it  is  not 
above  ^  miles  broad.    The  other  bays  on 
the  N  fide  arc  London  Harbour,  Grand 
Raftied,  and  St   Peters ;   thofe  on  the  S 
fide,  Egmont,  Halifax,  and  Hilllborongh. 
On  the  E  fide.  Three  River  Hnrbour, 
and  Mm  ray  Hat  hour.     It  has  fdveral  fine 
yivers,  a  rich  foil,  and  is  pleafantly  fituat- 
cd.     Its  capital  is  Charlotte  Town,  the 
jrefidence  of  ihc  lieutenant  governor,  who 
is  the  t-hiefofiicer  on   the  illand.     The 
number    of  inimhitanu   is   about  5000. 
Upon    the  rediT'J>ioii   of  Cape  Breton  in 
174.^,  the    inhabitants  ciuietly  lubmitted 
to  the  Britilh  arms.     While   the  French 
poffeiTeJ  this  ifland,  they  improved  it  to 
fo  much  advantage,  .is  that  it  was'  called 
the  irranarv  of  Canada,  which  it  furnilhed 
with  great  plenty  of  corn,  as  well  as  beef 
and  pork.     VVh-'n  taken,  it  had    io,ooA 
}ie:ul  of  hlacV  cattle  upon   it,  and  feveral 
of  the  farmers' raifod  u.ooo  bufhels  of 
torn  aani^ly.    Its  rivcrti  abound  with 


faTmon,  trout,  and  eeU,  and  the  fdrr<mn(f . 
ing  fca  affords  plenty  of  Hurgeon,  plaice, 
and  mod  kinds  of  fhell  fifh.    The  illand 
is  divided  into  3  counties,   viz.  King'*, 
Queen's,  and  Prince's  counties ;  which  are 
fubdivided  into  i4puriihes,  confiding  of 
Z7  townfhipsjwhichinall  make  1,363,400 
acrv,  the  contents  of  the  idand.    I'he 
chief  towns,  befide  the  capital,are  George- 
town, Prince's  Town  ;  befide  which  ate 
Hilllborough  Town,  PownalTown,  Ma- 
ryborough Town,   &c.     It  lies  between 
I  45  46,  and  47  10  N  lat.  and  between  44 
»»,  and  46  3a  Wlon. 

Jo/jHs  St.  the  N  wcfternmoft  town  id 
SuiFcx  CO.  Delaware,  js  at  the  head  oftiie 
middle  branch  of  Nanticoke  river,  ahnut 
27  miles  N  £  of  Vienna  in  Maryland,  and 
ai  S  by  W  of  Dover. 

John's,  St.  a  town  and  fort  in  L.  Cana- 
da,  on  the  W  bank  of  Sorel  river,  at  tlic 
N  end  of  lake  Champ!ain,»8  miles  louth- 
ward  of  Montreal.  It  has  been  cftublifli-. 
ed  as  the  fole  port  of  entry  and  clearance 
for  all  goods  imported  from  the  interior 
of  the  United  States  into  Ctitiada,  by  an 
ordinance  ptibliflied  by  the  executive 
council  of  L.  Canada,  the  7th  of  July, 
1 796.  It  was  taken  by  Genetal  Mohtgnm- 
cry  in  Nov.  1775.  N  lat.  45  9,  W  Ion. 
7*  18. 

y aba's,  St.  a  lake  in  L.  Caiidda,  which 
receives  rivern  from  every  dircdtion,  and 
fends  its  waters  through  Saguenai  river 
into  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  Tadoufae.  It  is 
about  is  miles  each  way. 

Join's  Bcriley,  Stt  a  parifh  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, in  Charleftondidridb,  Containing  7193 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  6479  att  Haves. 

John's,  St.  a  fmall  iftehd  in  the  W.  In- 
dies  belonging  to  Denmark, N  of  St.  Croix, 
i  and  S  of  Tortola,  to  which  laft  it  is  very 
!  near.  It  is  noted  only  for  its  fihe  har- 
bour, which  is  faid  to  be  fulticicnt  to  con- 
tain in  fafety  the  whole  Britifli  navy.  It 
has  a  nnmber  of  fait  ponds,  which,  how- 
ever, are  no  evidence  of  its  fertility. 

John's  Colleton,  St.  a  parifll  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, in  Charlcfton  diftridt,  containing  6689 
inhal/itants;  of  whom  6031  are  flaves. 

Johri'si  St.  the  Capital  of  the  ifland  of 
Antigua  in  the  W*  Indies.  It  is  a  re^^u- 
lai'ly  built  town,  with  a  harbour  of  the 
fame  name,  fituated  on  the  W  fliore,  ard 
on  the  N  E  fide  of  Loblollo  Bay.  Tlic 
entrance  of  the  harbour  is  defendi;il  I'V 
Fort  Janies.  This  toWn  is  the  refidcncc 
of  the  governor  general  of  the  leeward 
Charaibe  Ifiands,  and  whtre  the  alTfiU' 
bly  is  held,  and  the  port  where  the  great- 
eft 


e  forrontii!- 
;eon,  plaicf, 
The  illand 
VIE.  King's, 
r ;  which  are 
•onfifling  of 
te  1 ,363,400 
fland.  The 
,are  George- 
e  which  aie 
Thwii,  Ma- 
tes between 
between  44 

loft  town  i(\ 
2  head  of  the 
river,  about 
at-yland,  and 

in  L.  Cana- 
river,  at  the 
I  miles  Ibiiih- 
cell  eftablifli- 
ind  clearance 
i  the  interior 
tnada,  by  an 
ic  executivt 
7th  of  July, 
al  Mohfgom- 
t5  9,  W  Ion. 

andda,  whicii 
liredtion,  and 
aguenai  river 
doufae.    It  is 

1^  6.  Carol!- 
Msttning7i93 
}  are  Haves, 
in  the  W.  In- 

N  of  St.  Croix, 
laft  it  is  very 
Its   fine  har- 
Ticicnt  to  con- 
itifli  navy.  It 
,  which,  how- 
fertility, 
h  of  S.  Carol!- 
>ntaining6689 
I  are  (laves 
f  the  iflandof 
It  is  a  re-u 
arbour  of  the 
!  W  fhore,  and 
lo  Bay.    The 
defemh^l  liy 
the  rcfldcncc 
the  Iccwari 
:re  the  afl*fm 
icre  the  great 
eft 


ftft  trndc  is  carried  on.  It^as  fo  flour- 
ilhing  as  to  receive  a  lofs  by  a  llurm,  to 
the  value  of  £400,000  (lerling.  N  lat.  1 7 
4,  W  loa.  6  J  4. 

yohn,  St.ur  yuande  Par  to  Rico,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  iRand  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  W. 
Indies. 

Jobujluiry,  St.  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia 
coj  Vermont,  bounded  S  \V  by  Danville, 
artd  has  6^3  inhabitants. 

Ja/jn/i/n  /■'a;/,  in  S.  Carolina,  lies  on  the 
N  E  fide  of  James's  Iflknd,  and  S  of  the 
eity  of  Charlefton.  it  fiands  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  harbour,  and  l>y  which  no 
Veflel  can  pifs  unlefs  the  niafter  or  mate 
make  oath  that  no  malignant  diflempcr  is 
on  board.     A  guard  is  kept  htrc. 

Jobnjon  Fort,  in  N.  Carolina,  (lands  on 
the  W  bank  of  Cape  Fear  river,  oppofite 
to  the  ifland  on  the  feacoaft  whofe  louth- 
ern  point  is  Cape  Fear. 

yobnfiiijharoiigh,  a  port  town  of  N.  Jer- 
fey,  10  miles  from  SulFcx  court  honle. 

y'jhnfons  Landing  Place,  is  on  Oyong- 
Vrongych  Creek,  about  4  miles  eattwanl 
of  Fort  Niagara. 

yohnfott,^.  county  Of  il.  Carolina,  N^ew- 
lurn  diftria,  bounded  S  E  by  Glal'gow,  ^I 
by  Franklin  and  Wayne  counties,  and  S 
by  Sampfon.  It  contains  620^  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  1763  arc  Haves.  It  is  30 
miles  £quare,  watered  by  the  Neufe,  Little 
•river  and  other  ftircams.  The  grcatcft 
part  of  the  county  is  level,  and  corn  is 
the  principal  produce.  Chief  town, 
Smith  field. 

y»bnJ}ini)H,  a  port  town  and  the  capital 
of  Montgomery  county,  N.  York,  on  the 
N  ^nk  of  Mohuwk  river,  34  miles  W  of 
ScMJBOftiStady.  .  Thie  compact  part  of  the 
town  -is  a  little  back  from  the  fiver,  and 
contains  about  70  houi'<i;s,  a  Prefbyterian 
Hud  an  Epifcopal  chiilrch,  a  court  houfe 
and  gaol.  In  the  townfliip  are  3^32  in- 
habitants. Caghnawaga  is  a  (larilh  or 
diftriifl  of  Johnftown  »6  miles  above  Schc- 
tieftady  on  the  river.  Settlements  have 
been  made  here  for  about  80  years.  Here 
ftand  the  dwelling  hOul'e,  barnt  and  out- 
houfes  (all  of  ftonc)  formerly  occupied 
by  Sir  William  Johnl'un.  This  fetHement 
was  mofHy  dtttroycd  by  the  Biicilli  in 
the  year  1 7  80,  who  Wei'e  joined  by  .1  party 
of  Indians  and  oth<!rs,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Sir  John  Johnfon.  In  this  ac- 
tion it  is  aflferted,  that  Sir  John  evinced 
a  want  of  feeling  which  wotild  have  dif- 
naced  a  favage.  The  people  deftroyed 
III  this  expedition  were  his  old  neigh- 
bours, with  whom  Iteiiad  formerly  lived 


TOP 


in  the  habln  nf  friendfliip.  Hts  eftr^tc 
was  among  thtm  ;  and  the  inliabitaiu* 
had  always  eonltdcnd  liiin  .is  tlitir  triciid. 
Thele  unfortunate  people,  aiier  feeing 
their  houi'es  and  property  conlumed, 
were  huriied,  fuch  as  could  walk,  into 
cruel  captivity  ;  tiiofc  who  couid  not,  tell 
victims  to  chc  tomahawk  and  Jcalpiiig 
knife. 

yohnfloivn,  in  the  townfliip  of  Edwardf- 
burgh,  IJ.  Canada,  is  lituatcd  upoh  the 
river  St. Iiawrencc  above  the  tippccniod 
rapids, in  afcendingto  iakcOniaiiu-  Front 
this  town  vcflcls  may  be  navigated  with 
I'alcty  to  QutenQown.and  at  the  ports  of 
lake  Ontario.  The  French  had  a  garrlfon 
in  front  of  this  town,  the  ruins  of  which 
are  (lill  vilible.  HmyiL. 

yoLnfown,  Netv,  in  the  towniliip  of 
Cornwall,  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  upon 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  below  the  lonp 
Sault,  to  the  northward  of  Grand  Iflc 
St.  Regis  ;  and  is  now  called  Cornwall. 

Sm\tb. 

yobnjion,  a  townfhip  in  Providence  cfl. 
Rhode  1.  W  of  the  town  of  Providence, 
liaving  1364  inhabitants. 

yoLnJlon,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin  cd. 
Vermont,  has  135  inhabitants. 

ydy,  a  port  on  the  S  coad  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

yonat't  Sound,  the  moft  northern  Inlet 
on  the  weftern  coaftof  Sir  Thomas  Smith's 
Bay,  lying  near  the  ar(5tie  circle,  in  lat. 
76. 

yonety  a  county  of  N,  Carolina,  in  New- 
bern  diflriot,  bounded  N  by  Craven.  It 
ccAitains  4341  free  inhabitants,  and  1899 
flaves.  It  is  well  watered  by  Trent  river, 
and  its  tributary  ftreams.  Chief  town, 
Trenton. 

ybmjbnrongb,  a  poft  town,  and  chief 
town  of  Walhifigton  diftritft  in  Teneflee, 
is  the  feat  of  the  diftridl  and  county- 
courts.  It  is  26  miles  from  Greenville, 
101  fron>  Knoxville,  40  from  Abingdoa 
in  Virginia,  and  627  from  Philadelphia. 

yotie/baroughftht  chief  andpoA  town  of 
Camden  co.  lidenton  diftridt,  N.  Carolina. 
it  contains  a  court  houfe  end  a  few 
dwelbng  houlcs. 

yene's  Ford,  on  Brandywine  creek,  is  5 
Or  6  miles  above  Chad's  Ford,  in  Pcnn- 
fylvania. 

yonet  TfuiH,  in  Pennfylvania.  Sec 
Williatnjhvrg. 

yones.  Cape.     See  Leohtit  Cape. 

yoppa,  a  fmall  town  in  Harford  co. 
Maryland,  ab  miles  E  by  N  of  Baltimore, 
and  S;»  S  W  of  Pititaclelpliia. 

yordms 


I   !t' 


los 


lUA. 


•  yvritms  Wwr,  pafles  through  TrCTitoo, 
«n  the  diftrtdt  of  Maine,  8  iniict  from 
Uiiiua  river. 

Jorcy  a  village  and  mountain  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  The  mountain  is 
•fiiid  to  be  the  highcft  in  the  Cherokee 
country,  and  through  which  the  Teucf- 
4ee  river  force*  its  water*.  I'ite  Indian 
Tillage,  called  Jorc,  is  fituatcd  in  a  bcau- 
•trfBl  lawn,  many  thuufand  feet  higher 
than  the  adjacent  country.  Here  is  a  ^ 
little  grove  of  the  Cafioe  Yapun,  called 
•hy  the  Indians  the  beloved  tree.  They 
arc  very  careful  to  fcetp  this  tree  pruned 
and  cultivated,  and  drink  very  Hrong  in- 
fuiicn  of  the  leaves,  buds,  and  tender 
branches  of  this  plant.  It  is  vencra^d  by 
tlie  Creeks,  and  all  the  fouthcrn  maritime 
nations  of  Indians. 

Jofipb,  Lake  St.  in  N.  America,  lies  £ 
of  Lake  Sal,  and  fends  it^  waters  by  Cat 
liakc  river  into  Cat  Lake^  and  afterward* 
forms  the  S  E  branch  of  Severn  river. 
The  lake  is  35  miles  long  and  ij  broad. 
Ofnaburg  Houfe  is  on  the  N  £  part  of 
the  lake  ;  avhich  Cec. 

yofeph,  Ilet  a  Pierre,  a  village  on  the 
wenernmoft  co^ft  of  the  iHand  of  St.  Do- 
mingo ;  about  3  leagues  N  W  of  the  vii- 
Jage  of  Tiburon^  ^ 

Jo/efi,  St.  an  ifland  in  ihc  Straits  of 
Marie,  which, convey  the  waters  of  Supe- 
rior into  Lake  Huron.  Here  is  a  garri- 
fon  of  Britifh  troops.  It  is  the  moft  weA- 
«rn  poft  they  hold  in  that  country. 

Jtfefb^s,  St.  in  the  province  af  Califor- 
•ia,  in  Mexico.    M  lat.  i%  3. 

Jofipb'M  Bay,  St.  on  the  coaft  of  W. 
Florida,  is  of  the  figure  of  ■  horreflioe, 
Iteing  nbout  x%  miles  in  length,  and  7 
acrofs  where  broadefl.  The  bar  is  nar- 
row, aod  immediately  within  it  there  is 
from  4  to  6^  fathoms  foft  ground.  The 
beft  place  to  anchor,  is  juft  within  the 
j>eninfula,  oppoiite  to  fome  ruins  that  ftill 
remain  of  the  village  of  St.  Jofeph.  The 
peninfula  between  St.  Jofeph's  and  Cape 
Blaize  is  a  narrow  flip  of  land,  in  fome 

£  laces  not  above  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
road.  A  very  good  eftabi  i  fliment  might 
be  made  here  for  a  fifliervj  as  the  fettlers 
might  make  fait  on  the  i'pot  to  cure  the 
J>afs,  rock,  ,cod,  grouper,  red  mullet, 
&c.  which  are  here  in  abundance. 

^offphy  St.  a  river  which  runs  N  W  in- 
to tlie  S  E  part  of  I,ake  Michigan.  It 
fprings  from  a  number  of  fmall  lakes  a 
little  to  the  N  W  of  the  Miami  village. 
It  is  rapid  and  full  of  fmall  ifljnds.  The 
^..{wtcwatamie  ludiaas  refidc  on  thit  riv- 


er, oppofiic  Fort  St.  Jofcpli.  Tliey  cat 
raife  aoo  warriors.  At  or  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  rivers  St.  Mary's  and  tit. 
Jufcph's,  where  Fort  Wayne  now  ftands, 
the  Indians  have  ceded  to  the  United 
States  a  track  of  6  mite*  fquare. 

J'>ftl>h,  Fort  St.  is  Htuatcd  on  the  caft- 
rrn  tide  of  the  above  riverin  N  lat.  41 14, 
W  Ion.  86  IQ.  h  is  about  1 7J  mites  S  W 
by  Wuf  I^etroii,  to  which,  plai:e  there  is 
a  (Iraight  road. 

y«ftph,  St.  a  port  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Trinidad,  near  thecoad  of  Ter- 
ra Firma. 

J'fipb,  St.  a  fmall  town  and  port  on  the 
W  point  of  the  N  peniufula  of  the  iilaud 
of  Trinidad,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

yo/i:j>i,  St.  a  bay  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
iflaud  of  Trinidud,  defended  by  a  fmaU 
battery.  It  has  a  few  houi'es  on  it,  and 
lies  S  £  of  Port  of  Spain,  the  capital  of 
the  ifland.  J^{car  it  is  a  mountain  having 
mineral  pitch. 

Juan,  St.  the  capital  of  California  in 
N.  America.     14   lat.  a6   ts,   W  loa. 

114  9- 

yuan,  Fort  St.  ftands  in  the  province  of 
New  Leon,  in  N.  America,  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  the  Rio  firavo,  in  the  a9th  degree 
of  N  latitude  and  loift  of  W  longitude. 

yuan  9e  la  Frontera,  St.  a  town  of  Chili 
in  £1.  America.  In  its  neighbourhood  arc 
gold  mines.    S  lat.  33  »j,  W  Ion.  68  55. 

yuan  tie  Forte  JSieo.    See  Porta  Rito. 

yuan  de  Futa,  Entrance  of.     See  ^uca. 

yuan  Fernandei,  an  illand  in  the  SoKtk 
Pacific  oce^n,  38  league*  eaftward  of  the 
ifland  of  Maflafuero,  and  390  W  of  the 
continent.  S  lat.  33  32,  W  Ion  79  50 
from  Greenwich.  It  is  fuppofed  tojkave 
been  inhabited  by  a  Spaniard,  vhofe 
name  it  retains  ;  although  it  was .  long 
abandoned  by  him  and  his  nation  ;  but 
is  more  remarkable  for  having  been  the 
refidence  of  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch- 
man, whofe  life  and  adventures  furniflied 
De  Foe  with  the  ground  work  of  that 
admirable  novel  Rebinfon  Crufoe.  l'h« 
harbour  lies  in  Cumberland  Bay,  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  ifland.  Since  the  fhip  Co- 
lumbia was  there,  no  foreigners  are  al- 
lowed to  anchor  in  the  road.  Majfa  Fvc 
to  Ifland  lies  22  leagues  W  by  S  of  this 
ifland.  Juan  Femandes,  which  is  repre- 
fented  as  an  earthly  paradife,  furnilhed 
refreOiment  to  Lord  Anfon's  fquadron 
in  his  voyage  round  the  world.  Its  great- 
ed  lengtn  is  5  leagues  :  its  breadth  lefs 
than  two.  On  the  S  W  is  a  fmall  tfle 
called  Gtet  IJlani,  and  a  rock  called  Mon- 


KAA 

Mtj-  Kfy,  almoft  contiguous  to  it.  On  the 
M  fide  are  tiirce  b^iys  ;  but  the  middle- 
moft  called  Cumberland  Bay,  where 
Commodore  Aufon  aachorcd  with  hi* 
Ihipt,  if)  the  bed.  Thefe  bays,  and  the 
whole  coafl;  abound  with  great  variety  of 
iifli  in  abundance.  Admiral  Anfon  fow- 
•d  here  a  great  variety  of  vegetables,  and 
planted  plum,  apricot  and  ix;ach  ftoncsj 
which  the  Spanj<trds  lay  are  now  thiiv* 
uxg  trees. 

Jucataa.     9ce  YuaataH. 

yuJUb,  J^o!/it,tht  Seaftcmmoit  point 
•fRhode  I  (land  State,  fituat^don  the  i'ca- 
coaft  of  Wailiington  county,  iu  South' 
Kingllon  towniliip. 

JuJofa  Bay,  in  Louiliana,  lies  in  the  N' 
IV  corner  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  A 
ohain  of  iflands  form  a  communicdtioa 
between  it  S  wcftward  to  St.  BtrnardV 
Bay. 

"JmUsih,  St.  a  harbour  on  the  eoad  of 
I'atagouia,  in  i>.  America,  where  Hiips 
bound  to  the  Pacific  ocean  ufually  touch 
lor  refrefliment.    S  hx,  4&  51,  W  lon> 

JulUnnt.  See  Neybe. 
jfuli^t,  Mount,  in  N.  America,  lies  on' 
the  N  fide  of  Illinois  river,  oppofite  the 
place  where  that  river  is  fonned  by  the 
iuniftion  of  Theak!lct  and  Plcin  river*; 
The  middle  of  Mount  Juliet  is  in  N  Iat»^ 
4»^5.Wlon.88  44. 

■    yumfhg  Point.    See  Navefiidt  HarbouK 
'  5^/tfM,  a  military  townibip  in  Onon- 
dlagk CO. N.  York,«t. the Nend  of  Cayug» 
iiiake; 

Junius  Creek,  a  northern  branch  of  the 
Little  Kanhavray,  which  interlocks  with 
tile  weftern  waters  of  "Monongahela 
•iver ;  and  which  may  one  day  admit  a 
ihortcr  paflage  from  the  latter  into  the 
Ohio.    See  ■Little  Xaubiway. 


lAir 


n 


•Jf  ■:    'i-,-rs  .j>'.' ■-■■<■   •■'.<  • 

Jx.  AATs  Bam,  in  N.  York |ftatc^ic*  oa 

the  W  bank  of  Hudfon  river,  7  miles  S 
fronrKaats'  KiU.and  11  M>£by  Nfront 
Bfnptis. 

KaMi  Kill,OT  Catjtill,  a  Ijnall  village  of 
50  or  40  houfes  and  (tores,  iiv  Green  co. 
».  York,  on  the  W  tide  of  Hudfon's  river, 
about  too  roods  from  its  bank ;  5  miles  S 
of  Hndfon  city,  and  inj  N  of  N.  York, 
it  has  the  appearanceof  a  thriving  place, 
apd'it  is  in  contemplation  to  creel  build- 
ingt  on  a  marfliy  point,  on  the  margin  of 
the  river,  for  the  advantage  of  deeper 
Vi^i  the  cicck  «n  wJii(;b  U^e  Aorcs 


BOW  fland  being  too  fballo w.  The  towii»< 
Hiip  of  this  name  contains  2408  inhabit-' 
ant*.    See  CatfiiU. 

Kaati'  KUl,  a  creek  on  which  ftand*  the* 
above  town; 

KatUt'  Kill  MtuiUMMt,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  above  town,  on  the  W  bank  of  Hud- 
fon river,  which  make  a  majcftic  appear-t 
aiice.  Thefe  are  the  firft  part  ti  the 
chain  of  mountain*  called  ihc  Alleghany^ 
or  Appalachian  mountains. 

JCtibnoMto»l»bale,  the  principal  village  of 
the  Oucida  Indians,  in  which  is  Oneida- 
Cafllr,  about  zc-  miles  S  of  W  from 
Whiteftown,  and  i%  W  of  Paris.  There 
id  but  one  framed  houfe  in  tSus  village. 
Their  habitation*  are  but  a  fmalt  iiu-' 
provement  upon  the  ancient  tvigv>am$i 
and  are  thinly  fcattcred  throughout  aa 
enclofure  of  levei'al  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence ;  withinwhich^they  keep  their  cat- 
tle, horfes,  and  fwine,  and  without  plant 
their  corn  and  fow  their  grain. 

Xaioiia,  A-  poft  town,  and  chief  town 
id  St.  Clair  exu  Indiana  Territory,  coi>- 
t«iaiug  719  inhabitants.'  It  is  65  mile* 
TH  of  Ka&afleias,  on  the  foutheru  fide  of 
Small  river,  i  mile  from  it*  mouth.  A-' 
bout  the  year  17 74,. this  village  contain- 
ed jO  houfes,  fome  of  them- well  built, 
and  jco  inhabitants,  with  80  negroe«t 
and  large  ftucks  of  cattle,  twinei  &c.« 

Huttbim*. 

Kamfchatia  Sea,  lies  between  the  con-  - 
tincnts  of  Afia  and  America.    In  66  N 
lat.  they  are  fcparated  by  a  (Irait  only  18' 
mile*  wide.    Captain  Cook,  in  hit  la(t 
voyage,  ha*  elkbliflied  the  certainty  of 
this  near  approximation  of  thcoontineats, 
beyond  adoubt ;  and  that'  the  inliabit- 
ant*  of  xach  continent  arc  fimilar,  and 
£re4)uently  pals  and  rcpab  in  canoe*  from' 
one  continent  to  the  other.    From  thefe 
and  other  circumftances  it  i*  rendered 
highly  probable  that  the  N  W  part  of 
America  was  lirn  peopled  frun>  the  N  £ 
parts  of  Alia.    The  Efquimaus  Indians 
being  manifeftly  a   fcparate  fpecie*  uf 
men,  and  bearing  a  near  refcmhLuice  tO' 
the  northern  European*;  it  is  believed, 
that  they-  emigrated  from  the  N  W  parts 
of  £urope. 

Kanba-wa,  a  Urge  niountainoHS  county*' 
on  the  weftern  line  of  V^irginia,  having 
the  Ohio  rivtir  on  the  N  W,  and  Ken- 
tucky W.  The  population  of  this  coun- 
ty is  30C8  free  inhabitants,  and  »ji  flave*.. 
About  7  miles  from  the  mouth  of  £lie 
river  in  this' county,  is  a  burning  fpriog. 
Capacious  x-nougU  to  ^Id  40  galloin*.    A 

bituminoitt 


m 


* 


MttiiMinoUi  vapoii^  eonllatitly  in\ic»  from 
ic,  wliich  agitating  the  I'itad  aruuocl  it. 
p\'e»  it  the  appcar;iilcc  ofa  builiiigrpriug. 
(>ti  prefciitihg  a  turch  withiu  i8  or  ao 
inches  of  the  moutli,  it  flamct  Up  in  a 
culuma,  4  or  5  feet  in  height,  aod  about 
3  8  iiiclu:*  di«iinetcr,  aod  which  fppic* 
iimc*.  burnt  20  mtuutes,  and  at  other 
timcK  haA  continued  ,)  d:iy«;  At  the  cpuit 
linnfc  ia  a  pod  oifice,  406  mile*  from 
SVafljington. 

Kpidiatvay,  Great,  a  rl  v^  of  Virginia*,  of 
ffOiifiderable  note  ^ .  *  the  fertility  of  its 
laudtt  and.  {Ullmi  re  .  ,  leading  tovrards 
the  head  waters  of  Jomet'i  R.  But  it  is 
doughtful  Tvhctlier  its  great  and  name* 
rout  rapids  will  admit  a  navigation,  but 
:;t  an  cxpuiife  to  which  it  will  require  age* 
to  render  its  inhalutants  equaU  Uhe 
jrreatobAacIdt  brgin  at  >i»hat  ace  called  the 
<4re9C  Fallst  90  inile&  above  the  niioittb« 
belovy  which  are  only  5  or  6  rapids,  and 
thefe  palTable  With  tome  difficulty  even. 
at  low  water.  Fron»the  fails  td  the  moiUh 
'of  Green  Briar  is  looiailes  It  is  aSai 
yards  wide  it  its  mouth.  ITi*  head  wvi» 
ter».of  this  river  are  in  tlte  weflleiiki  fart 
of  N.  Caiiolina,  inthe  mod  caderiy  ridg< 
nf  tbe  Alleghany  or  Appalachian  motio* 
taiiis,  ^rtd  S  ofthe  .{6th  degree  of  latitude. 
Its  head  t)mn«he«  endrcle  thofe  of  tlie 
HoIfteiH'  from  which  they- are  fJepamtcd 
hy  the  Irdik  Mountain,  through  which  it 
pafles  zo  mj^es  above  the  lead  nu'm^s. 
About  60  mUes  Arom  Little  B..  it  riiceiv«», 
Green  Briar  R.  from  the  E,  wliicl|  is  ^tliei 
only  confMlcrable  tributary  ilream  inall 
that  diftaocc  About  4aniiles  bftlow  tb» 
mouth  of  Green  Briar  R.  in  Vitginia,  in- 
tho^Kanha^ay,  is  a  remarkable  catara«Sb 
A  4arg0  nKtk,  a  little  elevated  in  the  mid^ 
die,  croiFes  tbe  bed  o|f  the  river,  over  whick 
tbe  water  Jhoots,  and  fslb  about.ja  feet 
perpendicularly,  elccpt  at  one  fid^  wiiisre 
tlie  deiceat'  is  more  gradual.  The  great 
ICanhaway  is  196  miles  below  PittAurg, 
and  is  naWigatide  moft  of  the  year;  and  a 
waggon  road  may  be  made  through  the 
mountain,  which  occaiionsthe  fii.il»,andby 
a,  pottage  of  a  few  miles  only,  a  communi- 
catioi)  aiay  be  had  between  the  waters  of 
Great  Kanhaway  and  Ohio^ andthofe  of 
JameB^S'IU'fai -Virginia.  Down  this  river 
jjreat  quantities*  of  gond*  are  conveyed  up 
tlie  Kentucky  river,  others  en  horibback 
otr  in  tKaggbbs  to  the  fettidd  p«rt,  and 
ibldoB'Otf slverage,  at  100  percent. ad- 
Tanco. '  Sat  Sulpbur  Spring. 

jf<>)|l.^t«iiy;'£teA',  ii  ftiiallnavi|i()iblc  river 
o£^  Vif||^>»  Whkb  is  ifi  yards  wide  at 


Itn  mouth,  «nd  is  navigable  10  milct  enl^ 
Perhaps  its  northerly  branch,  called  Juj)i< 
IIS  Creek,  which  interlocks  with  the  weft- 
orn  waters  of-  JMuuongahcla,  may  ou« 
day  admit  a  fliorter  pail»ga  from  the  lat> 
ter  iiito  the  Ohio. 

Kao,  one  of  the  Friendly  (Hands,  having 
A  conical,  lofty  elevation.  It  is  lefs  than 
X  miles  in  diameter. 

KapfM,  a  tribe  of'  Illinois  Indians,  ]» 
Louiflana  >  they  Ite  a  little  above .  the 
Suih4(uis.  This  nation,  was  forme|rly 
very  numerous  before  the  difcovery  of 
the  Mifliiippi.  The  country  they  in^ 
lubit  baa  good;pafturage. 

Kapbat  Old  Fort,  in  l.ouiCa^a,  flands>oa 
the  Miffifippi,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Sl  Francis*  It  was  built  by  the  French 
principally  for  a  magaaine  of  (lores  and 
provifions,  during  the  wars  with  the 
Chickafaws ;  by  whom  their  Illinois  con' 
toys  were  conftantly  attacked  and  fre^ 
quently  deftroyed. 

Karatunk,  otyCartttutA,  ft  {iiaiitetiOB  ill 
kcnnebeckco.  Maine,  coi^ftingof  136 
inhabitants.  It  is  on  Kennebeck  rivciv  14 
inile«  N  of  Bror' field.  ■  •> 

KaJk,iJkiaT  k  poU  towit,  and  the  chief  of 
Randolph  co.  on  th«  S  W  bank  of  the 
river  of  the.  fame  name,  a  water  of  the 
Mimiippi,  in  the  Indiana  Territory^  op' 
polite.  Old  Fort,  and  la  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  but  not^  half  that 
diftance  from  th*  Miffifippi  It  cpntMlns 
about.  100  faMtAis,  many  o^  them  well 
h^ilt;  iinreral  of  fione,  «(itb  gardeMe,  and 
large  lots  adjoining.  Itnowcontain8467^< 
haliitants,  47 jve  ikivea<  .The  former  htve 
large  ftoeke  of-  lilaek  catde,  fwine^-  &c. 

Kajk^mt,  ■va  indian  nation  near  the 
river  of  tb^r  name  in  the  Indiana  Terri« 
tory.  They  could  furniih  ajo  warriors 
in  1 774.  Three  nsUw-northetly  of.KaihaC' 
Idas  is  a  village  of  Illinois  Indians,  of  the 
Ka(ka£kias  tribe,conikining,in  i774,about 
aio  perfom,  ,atid  60  warriors.  Th^ 
were  iformerTy  fa^ave  and  warlike,  but 
are  now  degenerated  and  debaiiched. 
At  the  late  p>  ace,  the  United  States 
granted  them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand, 
andbecame^undtopaythem  joodoOars 
a  y«ar  for ettr.  In  Aifguft  1 803,  Gov.  Har- 
ri&il  conolndid  a  treaty  with  the  Kafkaf- 
kia  Indians,  by  Wtuch  they  cede  to  the 
United  atates  in  full  right,  the  immenfi; 
tradt  of  country^'  extending;  from  the 
mouth  Of  Illinois  river  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio ;  from  thence  to  the  moatk  of 
the  Saline  Creek,  below  the  Wabafh; 
theace  bounded  I  v  the  high  lands-,  dipd^ 

ii>S 


-RAT 

lug  ih«  WJitfrs  Mrliich  run  into  tjic  Wa« 
ba(h  from  thole  which  run  into  the  Saline 
C'rvck;  tlieace  by  the  liigliUncU  divitU 
ing  tite  waters  wiiich  run  into  the  Wa- 
hal1i,trom  thoic  which  run  into  the  MilTi- 
tippi,  until  it  reaches  to  tlie  river  Kaf> 
kaOcia  ;  thence,  hy  the  high  lands  whicli 
divide  the  waters  which  fall  into  the 
Kalkalkia  river,  from  thofe  whicli  fall 
into  the  river  Illinois,  and  from  thence 
in  a  direiS):  courfe  to  tbeinauth  of  the  Illi- 
nois again,  fuppofvd  to  contain  from  ten 
to  twelve  millions  of  acres.  'The  whole 
wa-^  ceded  iu  condderation  of  the  annual 
addition  of  500  dollars,  to  a  like  I'um, 
which  by  the  treaty  pf  Greenville,  the 
Kaflcalkia  Tribe  receives  every  year  from 
the  United  States,  together  with, the  rc- 
fervation  uf  i.$8o  acres  near  the  village  of 
Kaflcalkia,  for  cultivation  and  domeftic 
purpofes. 

Ka/ia/iiat,a.  river  of  the  N.  W.  Territory 
which  is  navigable  for  boats  130  miles. 
Its  courfe  is  S  S  W,  and  near  its  mouth  it 
turns  to  the  S  S  E  and  falls  into  the  Mifli- 
fippi  river,  84  miles  from  the  Illinois.  It 
runs  through  a  rich  country,  abounding 
in  extenfive  natural  meadows,  and  uum- 
berlels  herds  of  buiFaloe,  d^er,  &c.  High 
grounds  lie  along  the  E  fide  of  the  river, 
the  banks  beii^  compofed  of  luneftone 
an  '  freeftone,  and  are  from  icx)  to  ijo 
feet  high,  divided  in  many  placss  by  deep 
.cavities,  through  whi(;h  many  fmall  rivu- 
lets pafs  before  they  fall  into  the  Mrfli- 
iippi.  The  tides  of  thefe  hills,  fronting 
the  river,  are  in  many  places  perpendicu- 
lar, and  appear  like  folid  pieces  of  ma- 
lonry,  of  various  colours,  figures,  and  fixes. 

KiT/iiiJiuni,  a  town  of  the  Dclawares, 
between  Great  Beaver  creek  and  Allegha- 
ny river,  in  Pennfyivania.  Here  the 
Moravian  miflionaries  had  a  lettlcn;ent. 
It  is  40  miles  Nof  Pittfburg. 

Kajkinompa,  a  fmall  river  which  rune 
Wiuto  the  MiiHrippi  from  Teneliee,  in 
N  lat.  36  18.  On  the  N  fide  of  its 
mouth  is  an  iron  mine.       See  Reelfoot. 

Kateiv  Kill,  a  foiiMiern  branch  of  KaatV 
Kill,  in  N.  York,  its  mouth  is  z  miles  W 
of  Hudfon  river, 

Kathtippacawtinci,  an  Indian  village  on 
tiic  N  fide  of  Wabafla  river,  at  the  mouth 
ut  Rippacatioe  creek,  and  about  20  miles 
above  the  Lower  Weau  towns.  In  1 791, 
before  its  deflruiStion  by  Generals  Scott 
and  "Wilkinfon,  it  contained  lao  huufes, 
80  o!'  which  were  flu'ngle  rooted.  The 
befi  iioufes  belonged  to  the  French  traders. 
The  gardens  and  improvements  round 
Vw.l.  jtjh 


KEN 

were  delightful.  Tljcte  w.is  a  tarem  wtu 
cellars,  bar,  public  u:id  private  rooms  ; 
and  the  whoie  marked  no  imall  degree  of 
order  :ir<d  civilization. 

K  11  jciifca,  or  Koti/oii,  a  lake  in  Maine, 
laid  down  in  late  mapn  as  the  head  of 
Pallamaquoddy  river.       N  lat.  46  3. 

Kayaii^irojforas  Cni-i,  in  N.  York,  about 
12  miles  \v  of  the  confluence  of  Fifh 
creek  and  Iludlini's  river.  The  celebrat- 
ed IpringH  ol  Saratoga,  8  or  9  in  number, 
all'  fituated  on  the  margin  of  a  marlK 
form  ^.  by  a  branch  of  this  creek.     See 

Kays  Tjhitd,  On  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  Amer- 
ica, lies  ill  N  lat.  59  49,  E  Ion.  216  58.  In 
the  ncipjibourhood  of  this  itland.  Captain 
Cook  ditcovcred  fcveral  other  iilands. 

Kftijletorvn,  a  village  in  Rockingham 
CO.  Virginia, containing  30  or  40  houles. 

Kecne,  a  poft  town  of  N.  HRmpfliire, 
and  one  of  the  moflflourifliing  in  Chefli- 
ire  county.  It  vas  incorporated  in  1753, 
and  contained  in  1775,  7j6,  in  1790, 
13 14,  and  in  1800,  1645  inhabitants. 
It  is  14  miles  from  Walpolc,  96  W  of 
.Portfrnouth,  and  86  N  W  from  Bofton. 

Krllv/lurgl],  a  towndiip  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  at  the  head  cf  the  N  branch 
of  Ln  Moillc  river. 

Kempfuille,  a  poft  towh  of  Prince  Ann 
CO.  Virginia,  243  miles  from  Wafliington, 

Ktnapacomaquai,  an  In<Iian  village  on  the 
N  bank  of  £elriver,a  branch  of  the  Wa- 
:ba(h.     Sec  Longuil/e. 

KenJiici'j  IJlonJ,  forms  the  W  fide  of 
Nootka  Sound,  into-which  you  may  enter 
from  the  W  by  MalTachufetts  Sound, 
along  the  northern  fide  of  theifland. 

Kendufleafr,  a  river  running  into  Pcnob- 
(irot  on  Its  W:fide.  It  rifrs  in  townfliip 
No.  3,  in  the  Jth  range,  granted  to  Wil- 
liams College,  and  pafl'cs  a  length  of  about 
30  miles  through  hiur  other  townfliips, 
and  falls  into  the  Penobfcot  in  the  town 
of  Bangor,  about  2  miles  below  the  head 
of  the  tide.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river 
in  the  town  of  Bangor,  is  a  thriving  vil- 
lage of  handforne  houfes,  and  a  place  of 
the  moft  trade  on  the  river. 

Kenneiect,  next  to  Pcnobfcot  is  the  fineft 
river  in  Maine.  Three  milts  from  the 
Chops,  Swan  I.  7  miles  long,  divides  the 
waters  of  the  river.  The  waters  on  both 
fides  of  it  arc  navigable ;  but  the  channel 
on  the  E  fide  of  it  is  moftly  ufed 
miles  from  the  fea  is  the  idand  Nahun 
keag,  which  fignifies  the  land  where  eel, 
are  taken.  W'itliin  3  miles  of  thisifland 
a  fmall  river  coming  W  from  ponds  v'j^j^i^ 

are 


38 


M 


»■■, 

■  I 


WW. 

m 


i 


KEW 


KEN 


ftre  in  the  tovm  of  Winthrdp,  rum  into 
the  Kenncbeck,  and  it  kaown  by  the 
nuinc  or  Cobbcfecontc,  called  by  the  In- 
diani  Cobbiflccontcag,  whirl)  in  thiir 
]an];uage  iigniliet  the  i)lacc  where  flui- 
geoii  arc  taken.  Six  miles  further  up 
the  river  we  lind  the  head  of  the  navi- 
gable water*.  This  is  a  bnfon  46  miles 
from  the  lea,  and  very  commodious  lor 
the  ancltoriii,^  of  vefllls.  On  the  £  bank 
of  the  i'niall  fall  which  terminates  tlu- 
navigation  of  the  Kenncbeck,  is  Fort 
Wcftern,  which  was  trcAtd  in  the  year 
1751.  From  th;tt  fort  to  I'.u oniitt  Fall 
is  18  miles.    This  is  a  great  ftll  of  w.iter, 

Ind  on  the  bank  of  it,  on  the  cadLrn 
dc  of  the  river,  is  Fort  Halifax,  crciled 
in  1754,  and  ikuatcd  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sebafta- 
cook  with  the  Kennebcck,  by  which  the 
latter  is  incre.'ifed  one  third  in  fize.  The 
Sebaflacook  comes  from  lakes  nearly  N 
from  its  mouth  ;  and  in  its  windings  re- 
ceives brooks  and  fmall  rivers,  fof  the 
fpaee  of  ijo  miles.  I'hirty  miles  above 
I'ort  Halifax,  as  the  river  runs,  the  flrcam 
called  Sandy  river  flowfi  into  the  Kenne- 
bcck, at  the  point  where  the  ancient  town 
of  Norridgewock  ftood ;  4O  mil^s  or  more 
further  up,  the  Krnnebeck  takes  a  S  wcft- 
vrard  courfe.  The  Kenncbeck  turning 
again  wcftward,  receives  the  cadern 
branch  50  miles  from  Norridgewock. 
The  main  branch  of  the  Keimcbeck, 
winding  into  the  wildernefs,  forms  fcv- 
eral  carrying  places,  one  of  which,  called 
the  Great  carrying  place,  it  3  miles  acrofs,, 
and  the  river's  courfe  gives  a  di  (lance  of 
^S  miles,  for  that  which  is  gained  by  5 
on  the  dry  land.  At  about  iqo  miles  dif- 
tance  from  the  mouth  of  the  eaflern 
branch,  the  fourceqf  the  main  or  wedern 
branch  of  the  Kenncbeck  is  found  ex- 
tended a  great  diftance  along  the  fide  of 
the  Chaudierc,  which  carries  the  waters 
from  the  high  lands  into  the  St.Lawrcnce. 
There  are  no  lakes,  but  a  few  fmall  pond^ 
and  moraffes  at  the  fourcc  of  this  branch. 
The  carrying  place  from  boatable  waters 
in  it,  to  boatable  waters  in  the  river  Chau- 
diere,  is  only  5  miles  over.  The  eallern 
branch  of  the  Kenncbeck,  which  unites 
with  the  other  above  Norridgewock,  if- 
fues  from  a  body  of  waters  which  lie  N, 
ubout  20  miles  from  the  confluence  of 
the '2  branches.  Thefc  waters  are  called 
Moofe  Pond  or  Moofe  Lake.  The  fides 
of  the  lake  are  fo  crooked,  that  the  body 
of  waters  has  an  irregular  figure ;  but  the 
lake  contains  3  times  as  much  water  as 


I 


is  found  in  Lake  ^'Jeorgr.  There  are 
very  high  mount.iins  to  the  N  and  W  ot 
the  lake,  and  from  thefe  the  waters  run 
by  many  channels  to  the  St.  Lawrence. 
'J'he  Kenncbeck  afTotds  great  quanlitlts 
of  lumber,  and  is  inhabited  at  different 
feafons  by  feveral  fpeciesof  valuable  fifli. 
Salmon  and  fliirgcon  are  taken  here  in 
great  abundance,  and  (had  and  alcwives 
relieve  the  wants  of  the  neeelfitous  part 
of  the  inhabitants.  This  river  foriui 
the  urarcd  fcaport  for  the  people  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  river  Conntclinit, 
From  the  Upper  Cohos,  or  Coos,  on  the 
latter  river  to  the  tide  waler  in  Kennc- 
beck is  90  meufurcd  milct. 

Kiiiiuteii,  a  county  in  the  diftri'ft  of 
Maine, and  the  fiifl  inland  county  creel- 
ed in  this  diAricl.  It  was  feparatcd  from 
the  maritime  countyof  Lincoln,  by  which 
it  is  bounded  on  the  S,  by  Hancock  10. 
on  the  E,  by  Cumbet-hmd  on  the  W,  and 
by  the  Highlands  or  the  line  between  the 
U.  S.  and  L.  Canada  on  the  N.  It  wa» 
incorporated  Feb.  10,  1 799,  and  has  its 
name  from  Kenncbeck  river,  which  runs 
through  and  divides  it  in  nearly  equal 
parts.  It  is  about  40  miles  wide,  and  up- 
wards of  100  miles  long,  hut  its  cxacft  di- 
menfions  cannot  be  precifely  afcertahled 
until  there  are  more  accurate  furvcyi. 
The  foil  is  better  and  more  cafily  culti- 
vated, than  that  on  the  feacoaft.  It  con- 
tains 34,402  inhabitants. 

Kennebunk,  a  river  of  Maine,  having  a 
good  harbour  at  its  mouth,  from  whence 
great  quantities  of  lumber  are  fhipped  for 
a  market.  There  the  lumber  of  Moufom 
is  fhipped  at  prcfent.  This  river  divides 
the  townfliips  of  Wells  and  Arundel.  It 
runs  a  fliort  courfe,  and  empties  into  the 
fea  between  Capes  Porpoifc  and  Neddick. 

KeHnebuHt,t\\e  Indian  name  of  the  place, 
fmee  called  Welh,  in  Maine,  about  3.^ 
miles  below  Portfmouth,  N.  Hampfliiie. 
Here  is  a  pofl  ofHce. 

Kennet,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co.  Peun- 
fylvania.     Here  is  a  pod  office. 

Kennomici,  Great,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  emptying  into  the  S 
end  of  Lake  Michigan,  about  N  la:.  4} 
11.  The  waters  of  this  river  communi- 
cate, by  a  portage  of  30  yards,  with  Lit- 
tle Kennomick,  a  fhort  river  which  runs 
N  cafteriy  into  the  lake. 

Kenftii^^ton,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  about  6  miles  foutli- 
erly  of  Exeter,  Knd  8  northerly  of  New- 
bury Port.  It  was  incorporated  in  1737' 
It  conutins  776  iahabitaat». 


.KEN 

KfHl,  a  county  nf  MaryUiid  on  ttie  eaft- 
ern  Hxirc  of  Chcr»p<.uk.  Uay,  l)()un(ic(l  K 
by  N<.w  CuHIc,  uiid  part  of  Kent  co.  Del- 
aware, and  W  by  Clu  l.tpeuk  Ray.  It  in 
about  3a  miirn  long  and  13  broad,  and 
cont.«in«  11,771  inhabitants,  including 
4474  llavci.     Chief  town,  Clicrier. 

Kent  60.  U.  Cunuda.cxtend.H  northward 
to  the  boundary  line  of  Hudlou'i  Bay, 
including  all  the  territory  to  the  wcftward 
and  fuutbward  of  the  faid  line,  to  the 
utmofl  extent  of  the  country  known  by 
the  name  of  Canada.  Smyth, 

Ktnt,  A  county  of  Rhode  Ifland,  lying 
8  of  Providence  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Nar- 
raganfet  Bay.  It  is  ao  miles  in  length, 
and  10  in  breadth,  and  is  divided  into  4 
townfliips.  It  contains  8487  inhabitants. 
KmttiYxc  middle  one  of  the  threu  coun- 
ties of  Delaware.  It  is  40  milci  %om  N 
to  S,  and  26  from  E  to  W,  and  contains 
10,554  inhabitanto,  including  1485  (luves. 
The  lands  in  Kent  co>  arc  eftecmcd  the 
richeft  in  the  (late.  It  is  well  watered 
by  feveral  fmall  dreams  that  empty  into 
tl>e  Delaware.    Chief  town,  Dover. 

Kint,  an  illand  in  Queen  Ann's  co.  Ma- 
ryland, and  the  largelt  in  Chefapeak  Bay. 
It  is  I  a  miles  from  N  to  S,  and  6  in 
breadth,  and  has  a  pod  office. 

Ktnt,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  co.  Con- 
netflicut,  bordering  on  the  ftatc  of  N. 
York,  and  8  or  10  miles  W  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  1607  inhabitants. 

KfHtuciy,  a  very  crooked  river  in  the 
(late  of  its  name,  which,  after  a  general 
N  W  courfe  of  aoo  miles,  falls  into  the 
Ohio  in  N  lat.  39.  It  is  fometimes  oiled 
Cattatva,  Its  fource  is  in  the  Laurel 
Mountains,  and  it  interlocks  with  Licking 
river.  Its  mouth  is  77  miles  above  the 
Rapids,  and  626  below  Pittfburg.  Its 
mouth  is  150  yards  wide,  and  the  river 
is  navigable  130  miles  ;  the  current  is 
confiderably  rapid,  the  banks  being  high 
and  rocky.  It  is  faid  bir.ck  lead  mines 
have  been  found  on  the  head  waters  of 
this  river.  Little  Krntuch  River  is  25 
yards  wide,  and  j  miles  W  of  Kentucky 
river. 

Kt/iludy,  one  of  the  United  Sates  of 
America,  bounded  N  W  by  the  river 
Ohio  ;  W  by  Cunjberland  river  ;  S  by 
'I'encfl'ec  State  ;  E  by  Sandy  river,  and  a 
line  drawn  due  S  from  its  fource,  till  it 
ftrikcs  the  northern  boundary  of 'I'enelTee. 
It  lies  between  36  30,  and  39  30  N  lat. 
and  between  ^i  and  89  W  Ion.  about  250 
milcj  long,  and  200  broad,  and  contains 
afcout  jo,co3  f«iuare  nuisi.     !n  JacuHry 


KEN 

1799,  the  Lfginatufe  paflTeJ  "an  «ft 
appurtioning  rcprcleutation,  and  laying 
oir  the  State  into  fcnatorial  didritlls, "  of 
which  the  following  is  a  copy.  "  Be  it 
enai'.led  by  the  general  alltmbiy,  that 
untd  it  fliull  be  altered  by  the  LegiOa- 
turc,  the  houfe  of  ReprelcntMiives  iLall 
be  ciimpofcd  of  Jixty  iifo  members,  to 
be  ek'c'ted  from  the  feveral  cuuntics, 
agreeably  to  a  ratio  of  one  for  every  500 
qualified  eletStors  within  this  State,'  ' 
is  to  fay,  the  county  of 


that 


Barren  X 

Pulalki  (fiace  di- 


JeflFerfou  Oiali 
cleA  a 

Shelby  1 

Bullitt  I 

Henry  and  Gal- 
latin I 

Nclfon  3 

Hardin  (fince  di- 
vided) I 

Greene  a 

Wafliington  3 

Miihlenbcig  and 
Ohio  I 

Livingflon  and 
Hendcrfou         i 

Warren  i 

Logan  a 

Chiiflain  (fmce  di- 
vided) I 

Cumberland  (fince 
diyided)  '  i 
If  before  the  next   apportionment  of 

reprefentation  fliall  be  made  by  the  Le- 

gillature,  a  new  County  fliall  be  erciftcd, 

it  fliall  be  conildered  for  the  purpofe  of 

reprefentation,  as  a  part  or  parts  of  the 

County  or  Counties  from  which  it  fliall 

be  taken.     And  be   it  furtlier  enatSlcd, 

that  until  it  fliall  be  altered  by  tlie  I^egif- 

lature,  the  County  of   Fayette   fliall  be 

one  fcnatorial  dillriiA. 


vided) 

z 

Lincoln 

• 

Merer 

S 

Garrard 

ft 

Madifoa 

3 

Fayette 

4 

Jeli'amine 

X 

Bourbon 

4 

Fleming 

% 

Clarke 

% 

Montgomery 

* 

Scott 

% 

Woodford 

a 

iTaiikiin 

X 

Harrifon 

X 

Bracken 

r 

Boone,  Campbell 

and  Pendleton 

t 

Mafon 

4 

Fayettc 

I 

Mercer                  r 

Montgomcry 

I 

Lincoln                   t 

Bourbon 

I 

Shelby  and  Hen- 

Mafon 

I 

ry                      r 

Clarke 

1 

Nellon                     K 

Scott 

I 

Wafliington            t 

Fleming 

I 

Jefferfon                 i 

Harrifon  .^nd 

Bullitt  and  Har- 

Bracken 

I 

din                      X 

Campbi.Il,  Pcndlt 

. 

Greene                   X 

ton  and  Boone 

I 

Cumberland  and 

Woodford 

I 

Warrea               i: 

Franklin  and  Galla- 

Loi^anandChrlf- 

tin 

I 

tain                      t 

Jeflamine  and  Gar- 

Livingflon,   Hcn- 

rard 

I 

derfoii,  Muhlen- 

Madifoa 

I 

berg  .ind  O'lio   r 
Sicce 

I     t 


t-;- 


r   *► 


\\ 


M 


111,*.  Y  f 


KEN 


TUtn 


l'4 


Since  t^£  alAve  ai3  pafled,  the  follow- 
ing new  Counties  have  been  made ;  Floyd, 
Knox,  Nicholas,  Breckenridgc,  and  Adair. 
Theftate  has220,^55  inlubitant8,of  whom 
40.343  arc  flave^.  I'he  river  Ohio  walh- 
cs  the  N  weftern  fide  of  Kentucky,  in  its 
whole  extent.  Its  principal  branches 
which  water  this  fertile  tr.HiSl  of  country, 
are  Sandy,  Licking,  Kentucky^  Salt, 
Orccn,  TencfTee,  and  Cumberla.id  rivers. 
Thefe  again  branch  in  various  dire«Slions, 
into  rivulccs  of  diiTerent  magnitudes,  fcr- 
tilii^ing  the  country  in  all  its  parts.  The 
fpriugs  and  fhreams  leflcn  in  June,  and 
continue  low,  hindering  navigation,  until 
November,  whc>i  the  autumnal  rains 
fwtll  the  rivers',  ard  replenifh  the  whole 
country  with  water.'  At  the  bottoms  of 
tlicfe  water  courfes  ;he  limedone  rock, 
which  is  common  in  this  country,  ap- 
pears of  a  greyifli'colour  ;  and  where  il 
is  txpofcd  to  the  a'.r.  in  its  natural  ft.lte, 
it  looks  like  bro-  <n\  free  ftone.  Qn  the 
banks  of  thcfe  rivers  and  rivulets,  this 
ftc?ne  has  the  appearance  of  line  marble, 
being  of  the  fame  texture,  and  is  found 
in  the  greattll  plenty.  After  heavy 
rains,  the  waters  in  the  livtrs  rife  be- 
tween the  higl?  limtftone  baniis  from  10 
to  30  feet.  There  are  5  noted  fait 
ipring*  or  licks,  in  this  country,  vi.r  the 
higher  and  lower  Blue  fprings,  the  Big 
Bone  Lick,  Driunon's  Lick,  Man's  and 
Bullet's  Lick.  The  two  laft  of  thefe 
Licks  have  fupplied  this  country  and 
part  of  illiuois  with  fait,  at  one  dollar  a 
uuflii:!  ;  and  fome  is  exported  to  the  Illi- 
nois cointry.  The  method  of  procuring 
ivatcr  from  thefe  Licks,  is  by  finking 
veils  from  30  to  40  feet  deep,  which 
yield  water  more  firongly  invpregualed 
with  fait,  than  the  water  from  the  fca. 
This  whole  country,  as  far  as  has  yet 
been  difcovcrcd,  lies  upon  a  bed  of  lime- 
done,  which  in  general  is  about  6  feet 
below  the  furface,  except  in  the  vallics, 
where  the  foil  is  much  thinner.  AtraiSk 
of  about  20  miles  wide,  along  the  banks 
of  the  Ohio,  is  hilly,  broken  land,  inter- 
Iperfed  with  many  fertile  fpots.  The  reft 
of  the  country  is  agreeably  uneven, gent- 
ly afcendiug  and  defcendiiig  at  no  great 
diftanccs.  The  angles  of  afcent  are  from 
8  to  24  degrees,  and  foinetinics  mon. 
The  vallics  in  common  ^irc  very  narrow, 
and  the  foil  in  them  is  very  thin,  and  of 
an  iuferior  quality  ;  and  that  ulung  the 
afcendiug  ground,  is  frequently  not  much 
better ;  for  where  you  fee  a  tree  blown 
np,  you  lind  the  routi  clinging  to  ihc  up- 


per parti  of  the  rock.  The  foil  oh  tliefcf 
agreeable  afcents  (for  they  cannot  be  call- 
ed hills)  is  fufficicntly  deep,  as  is  evident 
from  the  fize  of  the  trees.  The  foil  is 
either  black,  or  tirigcd  with  a  lighter  or 
deeper  vermilion,  or  is  of  the  colour  of 
dark  alhes.  In  many  places  there  are 
appearances  of  potter's  clay,  and  coal  iu 
abundance.  The  country  promifes  to  be 
well  fupplied  with  wholciome,  well  taflcd 
water.  In  Nelfoh  co.  N  W  of  Rolling 
fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  river,  is  a  tra(Sl  of 
about  40  miles  Iquare,  moflly  barren,  in- 
terfperfed  with  plains  and  ftrips  of  good 
land,  which  are  advantageous  fituations 
for  raifing  cattle,  as  the  neighbouring 
barrens,  a*  thiy  ari  inipfoperly  (tyled, 
are  covcrcd-with  grafs,  and  afTord  good 
pafturage.  The  lands  E  of  Nolin  creek,  a 
branah  of  Green-  river,  are  iu  general  of 
an  inferior  quality;  but  the  banks  cf 
Green  river  afford  many  defirable  fitua- 
tions. Toward  the  head  waters  of  Ken- 
tucky river,  which  interlock  with  llie 
waters  of  Cumbcrla:wl  and  Sandy  rivers, 
and  the  whole  country  caftward  and 
ibuthward  as  far  as  the  Holllon  river,  is 
broken  and  mountainous  ;  and  from  the 
Jefcription  given  by  hunters,  it  has  been 
niuch  doubted  whether  it  would  ever  be 
pratSlicalite  to  make  a  paflable  road  from 
Kentucky  acroft  to  Winchefter,  in  Vir- 
ginia, on  thi?  £  fide  of  the  mountains, 
which,  on  a  ftraight  line,  is  not  perhapi 
more  than  400'  miles,  and  the  way  nov 
travelled  is  600.  This  dotibt,  however^ 
is  now  removed,  and  a  company  have  late- 
ly undertaken  t(f  cut  a  road  (it  is  thought 
a  waggon  road  may  be  made)  from  Ken- 
tucky, to  pafs  by  the  Sweet  jrings  in 
Virgmia  ;  thcftcc  to  Winchefter.  This 
new  road^it  is  fuppoftdi  will  be  nearly  200 
miles  fliorter  than  the  one  now  travelled. 
I'his  country  in  general  is  well  timbered. 
Uf  the  natural  growth  which  is  peculiar  to 
this  country,  we  may  reckon  the  elm,  the 
beech,  the  afli,  the  juniper,  the  fugar,  the 
"coffee, the  papaw,  the  hackberry,  and  the 
cucumber  trees.  The  two  lau  are  foft  , 
wood,  and  bear  a  fruit  of  the  Ihape  and 
fize  of  a  cucumbtr.  The  cofTce  tree  rc- 
fenibles  the  black  oak,  and  bears  a  pod, 
which  cnclofts  a  f.xd,  of  which  a  drinlc 
k  made  not  unlike  cotVtc.  Brfide  thefe, 
there  i^the  honey  locull,  black nuilbctry, 
wild  cherry,  of  a  large  fize.  The  buck- 
eye, an  cxcttdingly  foft  wood,  is  the  horfe 
chcfnut  of  Kuroj^e.  The  magnolia  bears 
a  beautiful  bloll'om  of  a  rich  and  eiquil- 
itv  fra^raucc,     Such   is  the   variety  and 

beauty 


It  EN 

Tiiaiity  of  tlic  flowering  flirubs  and  plants 
which  grow  fpontancoufly  in  this  coun- 
try, thai  in  the  proper  I'cafon  the  wilder- 
tiicfs  appears  in  bloflbm.  The  accounts 
of  the  fertility  of  the  foil  in  this  country, 
have,  in  fomi.-  infhincts,  exceeded  belief, 
and  probably  liate  been  exaggerated. 
That  fome  parts  of  Kentucky,  particular- 
ly the  high  grounds,  are  remarkably  good, 
alt  accounts  agree.  The  lands  of  the  firft 
rate  are  too  rit-h  for  wheat,  and  will  pro- 
duce 50  and  60,  and  in  Ionic  inHanccii, 
100  buflicis  of  good  corn  an  acre.  In 
cotntnnn,  the  land  will  produce  25  bufli- 
cis of  wheat  or  rj'C  an  acre.  Barley,  oats, 
flax,  hemp,  and  vegetables  of  alt  kindi^ 
common  in  this cliniite, yield  abundantly. 
Irifli  potatoes  produce  in  abundance : 
fivcet  potatoes  are  raifed  with  difTicul'.y. 
Tobacco  and  cotton  arc  ralfed  in  coa- 
fiderabtc  quantities.  lu  the  n  'crs  are 
plenty  of  buffaloe,  pike,  eels,  catfiflt  of  un- 
common fize/falnion,  niulli.t,  rock,  perch, 
jarfifh.eclfuckers.funfilli,  <&'c.  Shad  have 
not  been  caught  in  the  weftern  waters. 
.*Jwanip3  are  rarfc  in  Kentucky  ;  aiur  df 
courfe  the  reptiles  which  they  pmchice, 
fiich  as  fnakes,  fmgs,  8cc.  arc  not  numer- 
ous. The  honey  bee  may  be  called  a 
domeflic  infcdl,  as  it  is  faid  not  to  be 
found  but  inckvilizird  countries.  Tliis  is 
confinned  by  a  faying  which  is  common 
among  the  Indians,  when  the)'  fee  .1  Iwarm 
Of  bees  in  the  woods,  "Well,  brothers,  it  is 
rime  for  us  to  decamp,  for  the  white 
people  arc  coming."  Neverthelefs,  bees, 
of  late  years,  ha.c  abounded,  to  their 
amaKcment,  even  aoo  mites  N  and  N  W 
of  the  Ohio.  The  quadrupeds,  except 
the  bufTaloe,  «ire  the  fame  as  in  Virginia 
and  the  Carolinas.  Between  Cumber- 
land and  Green  rivers  a  valuable  lead 
mine  has  been  difcoVercd.  Marie,  chalk, 
gypfiem  and  ochres  are  found  in  different 
places.  From  the  caves  on  Green  river, 
earth  if  collcAcd  for  faltpetre,  many  of 
die  inhabitants  manufai'^Wre  their  own 
gunpowder.  The  mo(t  numerous  rclig- 
i«iu3  fciSks  are  the  Prelbyterians,  the  Bap- 
tifts,  and  Methodids.  The  climate  is 
healthy  and  delightful,  fome  few  places 
in' the  neigiibourhood  of  ponds  and  low 
grounds  excepted.  The  inhabitants  do 
not  experience  the  extremes  of  htat  and 
cold.  Snow  feldom  falls  deep,  or  lies 
long.  The  winter,  which  begins  about 
Chriftmas,  is  ntvcr  longer  than  three 
months,  and  is  commonly  but  two, and  is 
fo  mild  as  that  cattle  can  fublift  without 
fodder*    Kentucky  e^iperieocci  a  greater 


It  EN 

J  degree  of  temperature  than  any  of  thlr 
neighbouring  States  ;  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer feidom  failing  below  35°  in  win- 
ter, nor  rifing  above  80°  in  fummer. 
The  approach  of  the  fcafons  is  gradual. 
The  fummer  continues  moftly  to  the  mid- 
dle of  October.  The  autumn  or  mifd 
weather,  generally  (Continues  until  Chritl- 
mas,  when  there  is  fome  cold  and  fiod' 
until  February,  when  the  fpiing  ap- 
proaclics;  and  by  the  beginning  of  March 
fcvcral  lirubs  and  trees  begin  to  llioot 
forth  th(  ir  buds  ,  by  the  middle  of  the 
month  the  buckeye  or  horfe  chelnut  is 
clad  in'  Summer's  atray  ;  and  by  the 
middle  of  April  the  foliage  of  the  forefts  i« 
completely  expanded;  which  is  a  fort- 
night earlier  than  the  leaves  are  llioC 
forih  in  Virginia  and  Maryland:  aud 
Cumberbnd is  porpoftioftally  more  tem- 
perate than  N.  Carolina,  as  Kentucky  it 
to  Virginia.  Malt  liquor,  fpirits  diflillcd 
from  corn  and  rye,  and  the  juice  of  the  fu- 
gsr  tree  mixed  with  water  conftitute  the 
ordinary  beverage  of  the  country.  Here 
are  various  minerals  ;  as  iron,  copper, 
lead,  fulj»hur,  nitre,  &c.  Iron  works  arc 
in  fuch  forwardneft,  a$  to  furnifh  large 
quantities  of  cartings.  There  are  cre^ft- 
ed  a  paper  mill,  oil  mills,  fulling  mills,' 
faw  mills,  and  a  great  number  of  val- 
uable grift  mills.  Several  valuable 
tanneries  have  been  ertabliflied  in 
diffirent  parts  of  the  country.  Their' 
fait  works  are  more  than  fuffiiient  to 
fupply  all  their  inhabitants,  at  a  low- 
price.  They  make  ccnttderable  quanti- 
ties of  fugar  from  the  fugar  trees.  The 
amount  of  exports  from  this  (late  in  180X 
was  646,673  dollars.  The  banks  or. 
rather  precipices,  of  Kentucky  and  Dick't 
river,  arc  to  be  reckoned  among  the  nat- 
ural curiofities  of  this  country.  Here  the 
aftociflicd  eye  beholds  3  or  400  feet  of 
fotid  perpendicular  rock,  in  fome  partt 
of  the  limertonc  kind,  and  in  others  of 
fine  white  marble,  curioufly  checkcrcc*' 
with  ftrata  of  aftonifliing  regularity. 
Thefe  rivers  have  the  appearance  of  deep 
artificial  canals.  Their  high  rocky  banks 
are  covered  with  red  cedar  groves.  Caves ' 
have  been  dilcovcred  in  this  country  of 
feveral  miles  in  length,  under  a  fine  lime- 
ftoae  rock,  fupported  by  curious  arcl»e» 
anJ  pillars.  Springs  that  emit  fulphu» 
reous  matter  have  been  found  in  feveral 
parts  of  the  country.  One  is  near  a  fait 
foring,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Boonf- 
b'orough.    There  are  three  fpringi  or 

poudt   of  UitumcB  ocar  Gt^  "^51^* 

wUicli 


■  KET 

*»1i?c!»  ilo  T»ot  form  a  flream,  l)ut  empty 
tlicnif'civfi  into  a  common  rtfcrvoir,  and 
V'liei)  iik-d  in  lamps,  anfwer  a!I  the  pur- 
poi'cs  of  the  bcfl  oil.  Copperas  and  al- 
)iim  are  among  the  minerals  of  Kentucky. 
Near  1-exington  arc  found  curious  IVpul- 
ichrcs  full  of  human  (keletons.  It  has  been 
alVertcd  tliat  a  man  in  ot  near  Lexing- 
ton, having  dug  tiveer  fix  fctt  htlow  the 
furfacc  of  the  ;jround,  came  to  a  lar^c' 
flat  (tone,  liiidtr  wliicii  was  a  well  of 
common  di.5itli,r(;^ularly  and  artilicially 
ftontd.  Tlie  dil'tancc  of  Philadelpliia, 
l)y  land,  to  Kentiirky  .*  liet-vecn  7  and 
Soo  miles ;  from  Baltimore  uciffly  700; 
nearly  600  froni  AlcAi-odria,  and  up- 
wards of  500  from  Riciinnond.  From 
the  Rapids  of  ti^'-  Ohio  !<•  Santa  Fe,  Ij 
3O0O  miles,  and  from  thence  to  the  city 
of  Mexico,  1500. 

Kro'.ff,  or  KeoT'.-ce,  the  name  given  to 
•Savannah  river,  abctvc  its  confluence  with 
theTugulo,  the  \V.  main  brauch. 

Kroive,  anciently  a  populous  town  and 
territory  of  the  Cherokee  ludiair.,  on  the 
liver  of  that  nanic,  the  N  ciifterumofl. 
Itranch  of  Savannah  river.  The  foil  is 
■very  fertile,  a»id  the  adjacent  heights 
jnighf,  with  little  espenie,  be  rendered 
afmofl  impregnable.  The  fruitful  vale 
of  Kcowc  is  j  or  8  miles  in  extent,  when 
«  high  ridge  of  hills  termlnatei)  the  vale, 
liut  (jpcns  again  below  the  ridge,  and 
continues  10  or  li  miles  down  to  Sinica, 
and  in  width  i  or  a  milts.  This  was 
formerly  one  continued  and  tliickly  in- 
Iiabitcd  fctllcnient,  well  cultivated  and 
planted.  It  now  exhibits  a  very  differ- 
ent I'pecSacle  to  the  feeble  remains  of  the 
cnce  potent  Cherokees.  Fort  Geori^e  for- 
merly flood  near  the  old  fcite  of  Keowe. 

Kefilers,  a  village  in  Berks  co.  Pennfyl- 
Tania,  on  Little  .Schuylkill  river,  the  N 
branch  of  Schuylkill  river ;  ai  miles  N  N 
"W  of  Reading,   and  31  W  of  Bethlehem. 

KcrlfoHfrar,  a  lake  in  the  diftrit'il  of 
IVIaine,  which  lends  its  waters  to  Ftnob- 
fcot  riven 

Kirfiaii',  a  dl(l;ri(^  of  S.  CaroPna,  on 
"W^leree  river,  which  feparatcs  it  from 
Richland  diftriiH:.  It  is  -^  <;  miles  in  lengih 
and  30  ill  breadth,  containing  7340  in- 
liabitKiits,  ofwhom  1530  are  Haves. 

Keftab.      See  Cujhai  Rivrr. 

KeitU  Hivery  or  ri-uieif  a  it  C!\iua!et;\ 
riles  in  a  long  marfli,  towards  the  river 
'rhamcR,  and  running  fouthcrly  diicharg- 
cs  itfcif  into  lake  Eric,  W  of  the  carrying 
•pl;ice,  out  of  the  bay  of  Long  Point,  hav- 
itJjat  wmcj  five  feet  and*  knl^" water  on 


KIL 

its  bar ;  llils  river  lias  fufficient water  tdt 
boats  many  miles  upwards  ;  its  entrance 
is  but  aj  feet  wide.  Smyth. 

Kcytvatva,  a  fniall  ifle  near  Charleflon 
harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

Kairpr^e  6Vr,  in  Hiliroorough  CO.  N. 
Hampfliire,  contains  103  inhabitants. 

Kictapniis,  an  Indian  nation  whofe  dif- 
ferent tribes  inhabit  near  the  entrance  of 
Lake  Superior,  where  io  years  ago  they 
had  400  wif  riuf..  ;  part  rcfide  at  Lake 
Michigan,  and  between  that  and  the 
MiAilippi,  near  tiie  Outtagomies,  &  iiid 
another  tribe  near  the  Piankefliaws,  .axl 
on  the  Vi'abafli  and  its  branches.  The 
Kickapous  and  Kaflcatkias,  two  Indian 
nations  lately  hoflile,  ceded  lands  to  the 
United  States  at  the  treaty  of  CJrfenville 
Auguft  3,  179J.  The  United  States,  on 
the  other  hand  paid  them  a  fum  of  money 
in  hand,  and  engaged  to  pay  them  in 
goods,  annually  to  the  value  of  500  dol- 
lars for  ever. 

Kicleimdt  ff.  is  a  N  weftern  arm  of 
Mount  Hope  Bay.  It  is  about  2  miles 
long,  and  lialf  a  ir.ile  broad.  The  town 
of  V\'arrcn,  in  Briflol  co.  in  the  State  of 
Rhode  Illand,  lies  N  W  of  it. 

K'i!^htp\:cJ,  on  tho  coafl  of  Labrador,  in 
D-u  i«"s  Strait,  N  from  and  near  A'..//!  y 
which   ft;e. 

K'lkehucc  Point.     See   Kioanon. 

KillirglM,  a  town  in  Windham  co.  Con- 
necticut, in  the  N  eaftern  pait  of  the  ftatc, 
bordering  on  Rhode  Ifland,  and  fcparatcJ 
froni  Pomr'ret  by  Quincbaug  R.  It  lit* 
about  18  miles  E  of  Windham.  The 
orivjinal  fettlerswerc  from  Maflachuletts. 
'I'he  town  was  incorporated  in  May,  1700. 
Inhabitants,  1379. 

KiUingloii,\\QVi  5Ziir/«/r/i<',  amouutainous 
townfliip  in  Rutland  co.  Vcmiont,  hav- 
ing ^'[edv/ay  on  the  W,  Barnard  N  E, 
and  Saltafli  on  the  S  12,  and  contains  34 
inhabitants.  Killlngton  peak  is  tlie  high- 
eft  land  in  Vermont,  3454  feet  above  the 
level  <i:  llie  ocean.  Watcrquechee  river 
has  its  iburce  in  a  poiid  in  this  town. 

Killingivor-th,  a  pofl:  town  in  Middlefet 
CO.  ConneOllcut,  fituated  on  Long  I.  Sound. 
9  miles  E  of  Guilford,  and  ^^  W  of  N. 
London.  The  Indian  name  of  the  tcwn- 
fliip  was  HammonafTet ;  and  a  ftroiim  of 
that  name  runs  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
town,  and  dividos  it  from  Guilford.  It 
was  fettled  in  1663,  by  li  planters  from 
Hartford,  Cailford,  and  Windlbr.  The 
Englifli  name  delignedio  have  been  given 
this  town  was  K,niidii.unth,\)\xt  by  miihike 
it  wa»  recorded  Kilii^'^uoiiu.  It  was  in- 
corporated 


twrporated 
itants. 

Kiliijlinoes 
Superior;  ; 

Kilienns, 

HampfliL-e, 
inhabitants. 

Kindfrbook 
N.  York,  on 
a  fmall  ftre, 
river,  conta 
a  Dutch  chu 
city,  aa  S  b 
York,  and  1 
Maflachufet 
4248  inhabit 

Kindcrhook 
ifJiip,  is  fitual 
rivs:r,  furrou 
ren  count --y 
and  nearly' 
buildings  ;  % 
town  thnmg! 
is  al)ou 

/    ■'■rh'M 

main  ■<-■  :d  in 
aii-i'-lici  nea 
miles  NWfr 
pad)  ng  thr.i 
hook  it  emp( 
city  ofHudl 
J^ii^g  and  Q 
Mattapony  j 
King  Willia; 
miles  long  a 
44'>9  free  in 
At  King  ana 
port  office. 

King  Gc'or^i 
dcrs  of  E.  Flo 
King  Gc'i/r(^'. 
the  N  W  co'a 
49  36.     See . 
King  Giorg 
harbour  on  tl: 
I-at.  33  5  S,  I 
and  plenty  0 
King   Ceorg, 
twecn  the  Pal 
rivers.     It  is 
and  contains 
.^9^7  ilaves. 
efiice. 

Kings,  a  fn. 
"  containing 
bounded  E  by 
CO.  W  partly  I 
ocean  ;  and  S 
eluding  Conej 
c>f  land,  iltuat 


h  CO.  N. 

Lants. 

liofe  dif- 

traiice  of 

ago  they 

at  Lake 

and   the 

i,  *     and 

,avrs,  aixl 

ics.    The 

,'n  Indian 

ds  to  the 

;jrecnvil(e 

Sutes,  on 

of  money 

them   in 

f  500  <lol- 


KIN 

Corporated  in  1703,  and  has  3049  inhab- 
itants. 

KilUJlinaes,  Indians  whf>  inhabit  on  L. 

Superior  ;  and  can  furnifln  250  warriors. 

Kilieniiy,  a  town    in    (Jrafton   co.    N. 

Hampflrl-e,  incorporated  in  1774,  has  18 

inhabitants. 

Kincifrhooi,  a  port  town  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York,  on  liie  E  fiJc  ofHudlbn's  R.  on 
a  fmall  ftream  which  empties  into  that 
river,  containing  50  dwelling  houfes  and 
a  Dutch  church  ;  13  miles  >J  of  Hudfou's  i 
city,  az  S  by  E  of  Albany,  145  N  of  N. 
York,  and  25  W  by  N  of  Stockbridge  in 
Maflachufetcs.  The  townfliip  contains 
4U48  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  483  are  (lavfes. 
Kindcrhook  Landing,  in  the  above  town- 
iTiip,  is  fituated  under  the  E  bank  of  the 
rivsr,  furrounded  with  an  uncleared  bar- 
ren count-y,  has  about  15  or  20  houfes, 
and  nearly' as  many  ftorcs  ar  1  other 
buildings ;  %o  miles  S  of  Albany.  The 
town  tiirimgh  which  the  ftage  to  N.  York 
is  about  5  miles  E  of  the  Landing. 
/';'-clrh-M  XivcT,  in  N.  York  has  one 
main  if-id  ir.  th«  N  part  of  Stephen  Town, 
another  nr;ir  Lebanon  fprings.  Five 
miles  N  W  from  which  they  meet,  whence 
pafljng  thrii'igh  Chatham  and  Kinder- 
hook  it  ernptl^  ^  into  the  Hudfon  N  of  the 
city  of  HiidlV,,, 

Kirr^  and  Q, \  :-/i,  a  couaty  of  Viiginia,  on 
Maitapony  R.  which  feparates  it  from 
King  William's  co.  It  is  about  35 
miles  long  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
44^9  free  inhabitants,  and  J380  Haves. 
At  King  .ana  Queen  in  this  county  is  a 
port  office. 

King  Gcorjte,  an  ancient  fort  cji  the  bor- 
ders of  E.  Florida,  near  St.  Mary's  R. 

King  Cc'orgr'j  Sound,  or  Noutta,  lies  On 
the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  America,  in  >(  lat. 
49  36.     See  Nootka. 

King  Giorge  the  Third's  Sound,  a  gOod 
harbour  on  the  S  W  part  of  New  Holland. 
Lat.  35  5  S,  Ion  118  17  E.  Good  water 
and  plenty  of  iifli  may  be  taken  here. 
King  George,  a  county  of  Virginia,  be- 
tween the  Patowmac,  and  Rappahannock 
rivers.  It  is  aa  miles  long,  and  14  broad, 
and  contains  276a  free  iniiabitants  and 
3987  flaves.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a  port 
office. 

Kings,  a  (naritmc  county  of  N.  York, 
"  containing  all  that  part  of  the  flat*, 
bounded  E  by  Queen's  co.  N  by  N.  York 
CO.  W  partly  by  Hudfon  R.  partly  by  the 
ocean  ;  and  S  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in- 
cluding Coney  Ulands."  This  fertile  tratil 
ef  land,  iituateU  on  U^e  W  end  of  X.oiig 


KIN 

Ifland,  and  ftparatcd  from  Stiitsn  Ifl.nnd 
by  the  Narrows,  contributes  largely  ta 
the  fupply  of  the  N.  York  market  with 
vegetables,  roots,  fruits,  butter,  &c  It  i* 
divided  into  6  townlbips,  and  Containji, 
J740  inhabitants,  imhiding  1479  ilaves. 
Chief  towns,  Brooklyn  and  I'latbiifn. 

King's,  a.  CO.  of  Mova  Scotia,  compre- 
hending the  lands  on  thg  S  W,  and  S  tides 
of  the  bafon  of  Miivs.  'I'he  Habitant 
i.^  navij^ahle  for  vefieis  of  40  tons  a  little 
way  up.  The  Canaid  for  veflels  tif  160 
tons,  4  or  5  miles  ;  and  the  Cornwailis 
is  iiavigablc  for  veflols  of  100  tons  J 
miles,  for  thofc  of  50  tons  10  miles  fur- 
ther. There  arc  coniidorable  Icttle- 
ments  on  thefe  rivers,  and  they  afturd  a 
good  portion  of  fine  lands  for  tillage,  and 
for  iierliagc,  anil  fome  excellent  meadows. 
In  the  rivi  rsare  found  a  great  abniidance 
of  fliad  of  an  excellent  kind  ;  and  in  the 
Bafm  of  Miiias  are  fine  cod  liOi,  liaddock, 
bals,  and  flat  fifli  of  different  kinds. 

King's  bridge,  a  potl  town  of  N.  York, 
15  miles  N  of  N.  York  city.  The  bridge 
here  conneiits  N.  York  ifland  with  the 
main  land.  It  was  ftrongly  fortiiied  dur- 
ing the  war.  The  heighfo  about  it  are 
commanding. 

Kingftury,   a  townfl;ip  in  V.^aiaingfon 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  bend  of  Hudfoii  river, 
N  K  lldc.   It  contains  1651  inhabitants. 

Kingfcy,  a  townibip  in  I^.  Canad.i  N  \V 
of  Jiipton  adjoining  on  both  lides  of  Nit-, 
olet  r'C     haviiig  about  30  inhabit-  iits. 

King'^.  it  JPeurl  Ifiund,  a  fmall  illa.td  iu 
theBay'u  ;'Anama.  It  belongs  to  Spain, 
rr.r  is  far.  ' us  fo;  its  pearl  filherv;  and 
ljv.6'uN''t  ;  za,\v  Ion.  81  36. 

K.n'-^ah.ies^iwe  near  the  N.  Fork  of 
Holft(  p,  in  Tened'ee  ;  thirty  iwo  gallons 
of  tntt  water  prod'  es  a  b'-fl'd  of  fait. 
1  .'.1  hundred  bufli'-Jsiiavf  been  made  in 
a  day  equal  tu  .liverpfx^l  fait.  The 
water  is  from  a  well,  10  feet  fjuare,  more 
than  aoo  feet  deep,  conftai  tiy  more  thaa 
half  full  of  water. 

Kingfon,  or  Efopu.-;  r  poft  town  of  N- 
York,  in  Ulfter  co.  on  ;  ■  W  fule  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  6  miies  W  of  Rhinebeck,  and 
on  the  E  fide  of  F.fovnis  Kill,  or  Creek. 
It  was  deftroyed  on  the  15th  of  Odlo- 
ber,  1777,  by  order  of  general  Vaughan, 
commanding  a  fleet  vhich  failed  up  the 
Hudfon,  when  large  qn...ntities  of  ftoreJ{ 
were  confumed.  It  is  :  »iiuilt  on  a  regu- 
lar plan,  and  contains  about  150  houfes, 
a  court  houfe,  gat)l,  a  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  and  an  academy.       It  is  pleafaut- 

ly  fituated  upon  and  Jluirour  'ed  by  a  ipa- 

ciout 


■  ■♦S'V 


\\ 


\ 

'■'it 

■.-T-f 


%l  -Mfii 


M 


Ir  ill 


i  l^','     'II 


KIN 


XIN 


i:\ 


J'ii 


,«fu«p1?'n.  It  is  j6  miles  f?  of  Albany, 
anil  109  N  of  N.  York.  N  hit.  41  56, 
\V  Ion.  yn  56.  The  townfliip  contains 
4615  inhabitants. 

KiHgJlon,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  containing  185  inhuliitiints. 

Kin^fon,  a  poft  to\fn  in  Plynotitii  ro. 
Maflaclmfetts,  on  the  wcftern  p-irt  of 
I'lyinoiith  Bay,  Iwnndefl  northerly  by 
Uuxborou^h, ami  contains  10J7  inh;'bit- 
ants.  'I'henc  i»  licre  a  flitting  and  roll- 
ing mill.  The  town  was  incorporated 
in  1707,  and  contains  ro.^7  jv.habitants. 
It  is  38  miles  S  V.  of  iiofton. 

Ki'igjlun,  a  poft  town  in  RTkingham 
CO.  N.  Ilanipfhire,  lying  on  the  road 
■whith  leads  fron)  nvi-ier  to  Haverhill, 
in  JVTAirachufctts,  6  mile ■;  from  the  former, 
and  12  from  Haverhill.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  i6«;4.      It  has  785  inhabitants. 

Ki!tgPf>n,:\  viUaj;e  in  M.  Jerfey,  three 
miles  N  K  of  I'rincctoii,  and  15  S  \V  of 
Brnnfwick  ;  an  ele\'ated  and  pieafant 
•fpot. 

Kingjlon,  now  ConivnyJinrnng!',  a  tow.n 
in  Horry  diflridl,  S.  Carolina,  on  the  ^ 
fide  of  Wakkamaw  river,  and  !»as  an 
«pifcopal  church  and  about  36  honfes,  41 
miles  N  by  E  from  Ceorpctown. 

A'/.7f/7o«,  the  chief  town  of  Lenoir  cu. 
Newbern  diftri<it,  N  Carolina.  It  is  a 
poft  town,  fitiiated  in  a  bcautifiil  plain  on 
the  N  fide  of  Ncns  river,  and  contains  a 
court  honfe,  gaol,  and  about  -^o  houJca.  It 
is  40  miles  W  of  Ncwbcrn,  and  24  from 
Vaypelborougli. 

Kingjlim,  a  townfliip  in  liuzcrne  50. 
Pennfylvania.       It  has  75a  inhabitants. 

Kingjiott,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Mary- 
land, fituated  on  theeartern  fide  of  Chop- 
tank  river,  4  mile.«  below  the  Foik«. 

Kingfon,  U.  Canada,  is  in  about  44  8 
of  Nlat.  and  75  41  of  V  Ion.  is  fit- 
<uated  at  the  licad  of  the  St.  L,awrence,  on 
the  N  fliore,  oppofite  Wolf  illand.  It 
occupic.;  the  fcite  of  old  fort  Frontenac, 
was  laid  out  in  1784,  and  is  now  of 
«on(iderable  fire.  It  has  a  barrack  for 
troops,  a  houfe  for  the  commanding  offi- 
cer, an  hofpital,  feveral  ftorc  houfes,  and 
anepifcopal  church,  of  the  cftablifhed 
religion.  The  ruin*  of  the  French 
works  arc  yet  to  be  feen,  a>  well  as  that 
of  a  breaftwork  thrown  up  by  General 
Bmdftrcet,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  town. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbour,  where  the 
kings  fliipping  on  lake  Ontario  for  the 
jnoft  part  winter.  Large  veflVIs  feldom 
go  below  Kingfton,  although  it  is  naviga- 
ble to  OfwfSatckit  about  70  aiiles  down 


the  river;  the  ftores.provifions,  &c..wlii(^ 
are  lodged  in  the  depot  at  this  place  be- 
ing ufualiy  tranfported  there  in  boat* 
from  Montreal.  About  Kingfton  there  are 
feveral  valuable  quarries  of  limcft«>ne,  and 
the  country,  in  gentral  is  mthcr  llony, 
which  is  not  found  detrimental  to  the 
crops.  It  is  ioo  miles  S  of  Montreal,  and 
T 50  nortlnvard  of  Niagara.  Large  veirds 
go  no  f.irther  than  thi^  place  ;  thence  t9 
Nianara,  &c.  ftorcs  and  merchiti.caze  are 
toriveycd  in  boats.  Smyii, 

K.iijjlon  To-iift'Jh-jt,  U.  Canada,  is  the 
rourtevnrh  uppernroft  towiilhip  in  afcetul- 
ing  the  St.  L.-ivvr-cnce.  It  is  in  the  co.  of 
Frontinac,  and  lies  partly  open  to  lake 
Ontario.  Smytt. 

Kliizfofi,  the  capita!  of  the  i/land  of  Sr. 
Vincents,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  the  feat  of 
government,  lies  at  the  head  of  a  bay  ojf 
tlic  fame  name,  on  the  S  W  ofliore  of  the 
illand,  in  St.  George's  parilli. 

Kin^tlon,  the  capital  of  the  iiland  of  Ja- 
maica, in  the  W,  Indies,  is  fituatcd  on  the 
N  fitle  of  a  beautiful  harbour,  having  Port 
Roysl  on  the  N  E,  and  Spaiiifli  Town  on 
the  S  \\",  and  was  founded  in  1693  ;  wht'c 
repeated  defolations  bv  earthquakes  and 
fire  had  driven  the  inhabitanth  from.  Port 
Royal.  It  contains  166,5  houfes,  belidc 
negro  luiti  and  warehoufes.  In  1788, 
the  white  inhabitants  amounted  to  6539; 
free  people  of  colour  3280  ;  and  Ikves 
16,659  ;  '"  ^'^  26,478.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  trade  and  opulence.  Many  of  th« 
houfes  in  the  upper  part  of  the  town  are 
extremely  maguiliceut ;  and  the  markets 
for  butchers'  meat,  turtje,  fifli,  poultry, 
fruits,  and  vegetable*,  inferior  to  none. 
It  is  the  refidence  of  the  nioft  conliderable 
merchants,  whofe  fhips  load  and  unload 
here.  Upon  an  average  of  ao  years, 
the  tliips  that  go  out  aniiualiy  from  thi« 
port  amount  to  400.  N  lat.  1757  30,  W 
lo;i.  76  33- 

Kingflree,  a  poft  town  in  Wiiliamfbor- 
ough  CO.  S.  Carolina.  480  iniles  from 
Wafliington. 

King  iVilliajn,  a  cDunty  of  Viiiginia,  be- 
tween Mattapon'  and  Pamuntey  river< 
It  is  47  miles  long  and  i  j  broad,  aod  con- 
tains 5744  tree  iuhabitaots,  and  J3n: 
flaves.     At  the  court  houff  .'.  a  poO  «<fice. 

Kingivood,  a  townfliip  in  Huntingdon 
CO.  N.  jerfey,  containing  2446  inhabitantf;, 
including  104  llaves.  It  is  about  5  miUi- 
below  Alexandria,  and  ijSWofLeb.i 
non.  Alfo  the  name  of  a  fmall  river  of  N  ■ 
Jerfey. 

Kififule,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia,  16  niilcf. 

frcn: 


from  Well 

from  Nort 

JCin/leir, 

•Una,  390 
Kioantn  i 
•W'f.  i»  the 
whidi  proji 
Superior. 

Khntomt, 
?«ver,  ia  Pei 
wly  fremiti 

XiJbtac,ZY 

America,  lie 
fide  of  the  p< 
part  of  it  opi 
on  the  N  W 
aifo  oppofite 

£hany  river, 

iat.  40  40,  in 

vania.    Its  h 

mau^h  and  St 

tion  It  is  callei 

receives  BlacJ 

»7  miles  fron 

Creek  enters  1 

/t  is  called  Kii 

'gable  for  batt 

good  portages 

Jwlatta  and  I 


act  be- 
i  boatit 
ere  arc 
ne,  and 
•  Uouy, 

to  the 
!al,  and 
;  \eircls 
icnte  t» 
uize  aie 
Smyth, 
I,  j's  the 
I  afceiul- 
kp  CO.  oi 

to  lal-e 
Smyth. 
«nd  ot  St. 
le  feat  of 
a  bay  oj? 
re  of  the 

ind  of  Ja- 
ed  on  the 
iving  Port 
Town  on 

g3  ;  when. 

uakes  and 

from  Port 

fes,  befide 
In    1788, 

d to  6539; 

and  ll;;ve« 

I  place  of 

any  of  th« 
town  are 

le  market* 
poultry, 
to  none, 
nliderablcr 

tnd  unload 
JO  years, 
from  thi? 
57.^°'"^''' 

'UUamfbor- 
.niles  from 

rginia,  bc- 
nky  river* 
d.aod  con- 
,ind  3311: 
aj>on  «rfFice. 
Huntingdon 

inhabitants. 
l>out  5  milci- 

W  of  Leb.i- 
11  river  of  N  • 


inia. 


1601110^ 

frcrj. 


from  Wellmorelan  .loufe,  and  it 

from  Northumherl  .rt  haufe. 

Kinfien,  a  poft  t(  1,  i^enoir  co.  N.  Car* 
•Una,  390  miles  from  Wafliiogton. 

Kioanm  Pointy  called  in  fome  maps,  Jtri#- 
hiitcy  la  the  extremity  of  a  lar^e  penlnfula 
which  projeAt  far  into  the  S  Ude  of  Lak« 
Superior. 

KhntoM,  an  Indian  town  on  Conewango 
river,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  1 1  miles  north- 
erly from  its  mputh  in  Alleghany  river. 

KifitacjUu  illand  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  E  of  Foggy  Cape,  on  the  S  E 
iide  of  the  peninfula  of  Alaflca,  and  on  that 
part  of  it  oppolite  the  bead  of  Brifbl  Bay, 
on  the  N  W  fide  of  the  pepinfuia.  It  is 
alio  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Cook's  river. 

Ki/lemanitat  Rimer,  is  a  branch  of  Alle' 
ghany  river,  into  which  it  empties  in  N 
lat.  40  40,  in  Weftmoreland  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania. Its  head  waters  are  Little  Cone- 
maugh  and  Stone  creek.  After  their  junc- 
tion It  is  called  ConemaUgh  river.  It  then 
receives  Black  Lick  from  the  N  £,  and 
17  miles  from  its  mouth  Loyalhannon 
Creek  enters  from  the  S  S  E,  after  which 
it  is  called  Kifkemanitas  river.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  batteaux  40  or  50  miles,  and 
good  portages  are  found  between  it  and 
Jualatta  and  Potowmac  rivers.  Coal  and 
fait  are  difcovered  in  the  vicinity  of  thefe 
rivers. 

KfttMiujr,  a  fettlement  in  Pennfylvania, 
on  t)ie  £  fide  of  Alleghany  river,  36  milea 
northward  of  Pitlibuvgh. 

Kittatinny  Mountains,  a  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  which  runs  through  ihc 
nortni?rn  parts  of  N.  Jerfey  and  Pennfy!- 
x&u'u 

Kittery,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  Maine, 

incorporated  in  1653,  and  confids  of  3 

Iparifhes,  containing  3114  inhabitants.     It 

IS  fituated  between  Pifcataqua  and  York 

fivers,  67  miles  nonherly  of  Bofton.     In 

this  town  is  Sturgeon  Creek,  called  fo  from 

the  plenty  of  that  fifli,  in  the  mouth  of  the 

icreek  at  the  firft  fettlement  of  tlie  coun- 

lirv  :  but  there  have  been  none  found  for 

Uhele  many  years  paft.     This  creek  is  fa- 

laious  in  the  hiftory  of  the  tirft  i'ettlers 

Kith,  St.      See  St.  CLrHlophers. 

Knijlentaux,  a  tribe  of  Indi.tns  widely  ex- 

[tfaded  aver  the  N   part  of  N.America. 

jTheir  language  is    fimilar  to  the   Algon- 

l^uins  who  inhabit  the  waters  of  Sc  Law- 

I'euce,  and  the  coaft  of  Labrador.     Their 

l^refB  is  firaple  and  commodious,  their  wo- 

>en  are  the  moft  comely  of  fava  ^^cs.  Theft 

«ople  are  fubjeifl:  to   but  few  diforder*. 

fhey  are  mild  and  affable,  iufl  to  one  an- 

V0L.F.  •  li 


other,  mi  hofpftable  to  ftrangcri.  Smok- 
ing precede*  all  afifairs  of  confequence. 
This  facred  rite  is  never  prophaned  ;  it 
obligations  are  indifpcnfublc.  It  letiles  all 
differences  between  contending  parties. 
No  perfon  is  allowed  to  join  in  the  folem* 
itity,  who  haa  cohabited  with  a  woman 
within  34  hours.  They  fay,  "  he  is  un- 
clean." At  their  funerak,  the  mournera 
cut  off  their  hair,  lacerate  their  flefli, 
blacken  their  faces,  bury  the  mofl  valua- 
ble property  of  the  deceafed,  deflroy  what 
remains,  that  it  may  not  pain  them  b^' 
bringing  him  to  remembrance ;  widow* 
fometimes  facrifice  themfeivcs  with  their 
departed  hulbands.  Families  have  domef- 
tic  gods,  which  are  carved  images  about 
8  inches  long ;  thefe  they  treat  with  the 
moft  fuperftitious  regard.  Chaflity  is  no 
virtue  with  thefe  people  ;  they  exchange 
wives,  or  (jfTer  them  to  ftrangers  as  s.€t% 
of  hofpitality.  Inceft  and  befliality  are 
common  among  them.  £0  wicked,  fo  bru- 
tal are  the  moft  amiable  tribes  of  men,  not 
enlightened  by  the  gofpel  of  Jefus  Clirift. 

Knob  Lici,m  Mercer  co.  Kentucky,  lies 
15  miles  S  E  of  Harrodftown,  and  about 
12  foutherly  of  Danville. 

Knotxilton,  a  townfhip  in  SulTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  containing  1937  inhabitants. 

Knox,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing 
1 1 19  inhabitants. 

Knox,  a  co\inty  in  TenefTee,  Hamilton 
diftrift,  bounded  on  the  S  by  Blount  cD. 
W  by  the  Indiana  Territory  ;  it  is  water- 
ed by  the  rivers  Hclflon  and  Clinch.  Ic 
cuniains  11,981  iuhabitants,  of  whom 
11  u  are  flaves. 

Kitox,  a  county  in  the  Indiana  Territo- 
ry, ereiSlcd  June  20,  1 790.  "  Beginning 
at  the  Standing,  Stone  Forks  of  the 
Great  Miami  river,  and  dov-n  the  faid 
river,  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ohio 
river ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  to  the  fmaU 
rivulet  above  fort  Mafl'ac  ;  thence  witK 
the  caflern  boundary  line  of  St.  Clair  co. 
to  the  mouth  of  the  liitle  Michilimacki- 
nack  ;  thence  up  the  Illinois  river  to  the 
forks  or  confluence  of  the  Theakiki  and 
Clilkago  ;  thence  by  a  line  to  be  drawa 
due  N  to  the  boundary  line  of  the  terri- 
tory of  the  United  States,  andfo  far  eaft« 
erly  upon  faid  boundary  asihat  a  due  S  line 
may  be  drawn  to  the  place  of  beginning." 
It  contains  2517  inhaliitants,  of  whom  98 
are  Haves.  Fort  Knox  it  in  the  fame 
territory. 

Knox,  one  of  Ingraham's  iflands.  Capt. 
Ingraham  difcoverd  two  iflands,  which 
he  called  Kntx  and  Hcnucky  which  Capt. 

Roberta, 


V       iit? 


ii:] 


1       ;i|;,. 


LAB 


LAO 


■  iV'v    ™- 


Roberts,  foon  after  tlifcovtriAg,  called 
lueemaii  and  L.iiigdon.  Thefe illands  had 
•Vtry  appearance  of  fertility.  Their 
latitude  is  from  8  3,  to  8  5  S,  and  their 
fongitude  very  nearly  141  W  from  Green- 
wich. 

Knoxvllle,  a  poll  town,  the  metropolis 
.of  the  State  of  Teneflee,  fituated  in  Knox 
CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Holfton  river,  where 
it  is  300  yards  in  width,  on  a  beautiful 
fjKit  of  ground,  ai  miles  above  the  junc- 
tion of  HoHlon  river  with  the  'Peneflee, 
aiul  4  below  the  mouth  of  French  Broad 
river.  It  is  flourifliing,  and  enjoys  a  com- 
munication • /ith  every  part  of  the  United 
Stales  by  port.  It  i»  regularly  taid  ou^, 
and  contains  518  inhabitants,  a  criiu't 
houfe,  gaol,  and  barracks  large  enough  to 
i^ontain  700  men.  The  fnpreme  coUtfs 
of  law  and  equity  for  tlie  diftriift  of 
Hamlltonjare  held  here  half  yearly,  and 
the  courts  of  pleas  and'  quarter  feflions 
for  Knox  co.  are  helc  here.  A  college 
has  been  eftabliflied  here  Hy  govei  amcnt, , 
c.illt'd  Blount  ColFs/^e.  It  I's  ji  mites  W 
of  Teilico  Block  houfe;  aoo  S  E  by  S  of 
Frankfort,  in  Kentucky  ;  485  W  by  S  of 
Richmond,  in  Virginia  ;  and  7i8  S  well- 
erly  of  Philadelphia,  lat.  3?  4a  N. 

Kodiac,a.n  ifland'on  thefouthern  fliore 
«f  the  peninfula  of  Alalia,  on  the  N.  W. 
.coaft ;  wliich  fee 

,."  Khitright,  a  poff  town  in  Delaware  co. 
"JI.  Vork  ;  has  1513  inhabitants. 

Koyaht,  a  fmall  iile  at  the  S  end  of 
Wafliington's  Iflc,  at  the  entrance'  of  a 
ftrait  feparatingalmallifle  from  thelargeft. 

Kiis^  Indians  inhabiting  the  banks  of 
l,akc  Chriftineaux..  ''"hey  can  raife  i,aoo 
w.irriors. 

Kul/uiri:,  or  Sugar  Tc-nm,  z  llttlo  Cher«- 
'tet  town  in  the  vale  of  Keowe. 

Kiif.-atun/i    fills,  in  Kcnncbcck 


river. 


<lt  I'  t*<e  fii'rt  that  defervo  the-  name  of 
raHi  Hi  nftc:;ding  Kc'unsbc,-k  R.  and  arc 
i»bc  It  i3oiuilcd  from  its  month,  and  about 

.Itaif  wav  between  .Seven  Mile  brook  and 

"..Auftin's  brook. 

ICyuqj'jt,  a  hi-rge  found  or  bay  on  the  N. 
\V.  coall  of  N.  America,  Iiaviiig  RoInL-rts 
IHaiid  on  the  one  fide.  N  bit.  jo,  \\'  Ion. 
i^^  ao. 


L 


LABRADOR,   Terra   Df,   one  of  the 

niirthern  countries  of  America,  called  al- 
fo  Ef(]\iiniaux,  and  is  comprehended  in 
Kew  iiiitain ;  bniindcd  N  by  Hudfon's 
^iti».  S  by  pan  of  Lower  Canada  and 


the  river  St.  Lawrence,  W  bjr  Hudfori'l 
Bay,  N  E  by  the  Ocean  and  Davis's  Straits; 
and  £  by  the  Stiaitsof  Bellifle  and  the 
Gulf  of  tit.  Lawrence  The  coaft  is  rocky, 
and  intcrfperfed  with  innumerable  iflcs. 
The  only  attempt  tbtradc  with  Labrador, 
has  been  dire<Stcd  toward  the  filhery ;  the 
annual  produce  of  which,  amounts  to  up- 
wards of  £,  49,000  fterl.  The  inhabitants, 
whofe  number  is  unknown,  hunt  for  fur^ 
andikinsi  The  Moravian  Brethren  main^ 
tain  a  communication  with  their  million 
on  the  coafbof '  Labrador.  The  prop* 
erty  of  their'fliip  is  divided  into  fhai^s  cf 
;£  loonly.v/itH  the  fupply  intended  for 
the  brethren  :  articled  are  feilt  for  traffic 
with  the  natives, enabling  tiiem  to  bring 
Back  cargoes  that  have  afibrded  them 
not  always  a  dividendof  more  than  the  in- 
fcrefl  of  the  capital  cmplOyird.  Sec  Ntu 
Biii'ain. 

Ljini/for,s.  !argclake",\('hichb'y  its  nu- 
merous branches  forms  a  water  commu- 
nication'  through  great  part  of  the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton.  In  fome  maps  it  ii 
called  St.  Peter's  Lake. 

Lachaijuatinock,  a  mountain  in  the'nOrtK 
W'Cftei'h  pkrt  of  TPcnnfylvania. 

Lacbaivannotk,  a  townflap  in  Luzcrnt 
CO.  Perfnfyfvania.  • 

Lad,  a  townfhip  in  Mifflin  co.  Pcnn<> 

fylvania,  having  107 1  inhabitants. 

La  Cole,  a  river  which   falls  into  LaVe 

.  Champlain  from  the  W,  5  miles  S   iS  ^V 

of  Nut  Illand,  after  a  fhort  courfe. 

I       Lacomic,  a  fmall  creek   which   emptici 

through     the  W  bank  of  Alleghany  i<. 

:  in  Pennfylvania.oppofite  Licking  Creek,  | 

a  Hiort  diftancc  below  fort  Franklin. 

Liiconia.      The  tradl  of  land  extend- 1 
ingftom  the. river  Merrimack  to  Sagacia- 
hock,  and  from  the  ocean  to  the  lakes  and  I 
rivers  of  Canada,  went  under  this- name,  I 
in  the  grant  of  I'iuuls  in  i6ai,  fromtliif 
I  council  of  Plymouth  to  Gapt.  Mafon  andj 
i  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges. 
I      Liiiliij  IJfands  a  fmall  ifland  of  S.  Caroli- 
;  na,  near  Port  Royal. 

La  Framhc,  U.  Canada,  now  called  tli?| 
Thames. 

/..fi^-Mn.oneof  thencw  difcovend ifliindij 
in  i!>c  i>outhSea.  Captain  Cook  vifitcJl 
it  in  1769.  b  lat.  18  47,  W  Ion.  frum| 
Greeiiwicli  139  aS. 

Lacuna,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  ohI 
Amazcm  river,  S  E  of  the  town  cf  Borjjl 
Ld  Gujyrj,  a  maritime  fortifi'  d  towaf 
in  Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra  riiii"< 
This  town,  .ind  Puert*  Cabcla  arc  M 
chief  iu  the  piovinte. 


IAN 


LAl^ 


in  Luzcrntf 


Xftl«  of  tit  two  mountaiiUf  a  piflCA  of 
water  wcfterly  from  Montreal,  properly 
the  mouth  of  Ottawa  river,  20  miles  long, 
5  broad.  It  is  furruunded  by  cultivated 
fields  of  the  Iroquois,  and  Algonquin  In- 
dians, whofe  village  (lands  on  a  delight- 
ful point  of  land,  which  extends  into  the 
liake.  Each  tribe  has  a  Roman  Cathn- 
iic  Miflionary.  They  attend  public 
wprfliip  in  the  fame  church.  Their  paf- 
tors  have  taught  them  reading  and  writ- 
ing.   Their  warrriors  are  about  500. 

/jah  a/ tie  Woodt.     See  IVomis. 

La  MoeJlf,3i  large  river  in  the  N  W 
part  of  VermonC.  It.  general  courPe  is 
wefterly :  after  running  about  75  miles, 
and  receiving  14  Icfl'er  (Ircams  it  falls  in- 
to JL<.  Champlain  at  Colchcder,  5  miles 
N.  of  the  moutii  of  Onion  river,  and  is 
of  about  the  fame  mngnitude. 

Lamtayeque,  a  town  on  {he  road  from 
Guayaquil  to  Lima  in  Peru,  four  leagues 
from  Morrope.  It  confide  of  about 
1500  boufcs,  built  of  difl*crcnt  materials, 
but  in  general  of  unburnt  bricks.  The 
meanelt  of  the  houfes  are  the  haliitatians 
of  the  Indians,  which  confifl  entirely  of 
canes.  The  number  of  ics  inhabitants 
amounts  to  above  30,000,  fomcof  whtmi 
are  opulent  ;  but  the  generality  arc  poor 
Spaniards,  Mulattocs,  MeQi/ocs,  and  In- 
dians. It  has  a  large  and  elegant  (tone 
church.  It  is  the  refujenceof  a  corregi- 
dor,  having  under  his  jurifdidlion,  befide 
many  other  towns,  that  of  Morrope. 
One  of  the  two  officers  of  the  revenue 
appointed  forTruxillo,  alio  rtlides  here. 
Slat.  6  41  37,  W  Ion.  76  15. 

Lamfa,  a  jurifdic^ion  of  Ciifco,  in  Peru, 
in  S,  America.  It  begins  about  30 
leagues  fouth  of  the  city  of  Culco :  and 
18  the  principal  province  included  under 
thenajne  of  Callao.  Here  are  excellent 
pafturcs  and  filvtr  mines.  The  air  is 
very  cold. 

Latnpdtr,  a  tcnvufliip  in  Linradcr  en. 
Pennfylvanla,  haviiij;  50i8  inliabitiiius. 

l.amprry  Rivir^-A    W  tll»  ul    Uuul   liliy, 

ill  N.  llaniplhire. 

Ltwaifitr,  a  diflri»IV  of  S.  Cnr(»liiia,  con- 
taining 5011  iiilinbitnnt«  of  whom  1076 
•i.r'.'  (laves. 

Lanciijitr,  n  pofl  town  in  Gcrrard  co. 
Kentucky,  6zi  miles  from  Walliington. 

Lam  ijhr,  a  populous  and  wealthy  co. 
in  the  interior  part  of  Pcnnfylvania,  ex- 
tending S  to  the  :\Uiyland  line.  U  is 
^iinit  41  miles  fquarc,  is  divided  into  25 
t'wiifliips  and  contains  s  ^16,240  acres  of 
ijiid,  and  4J,.i03  jnhabit;ints,  including 


17S  flaves.  The  lands  in  this  cotinff 
are  rich  and  well  cultivated.  The  hills 
in  the  northern  parts  abound  with  iron 
ore  ;  for  the  manufatSluring  which,  2  fur- 
naces and  8  forges  have  been  crcdled. 
The  furnaces  manufacture  about  1300 
tons  of  pigs  and  nearly  that  number  of 
bar  iron  aimnally.  Copper  and  lead,' 
and  abundance  of  limeftone  have  alti> 
been  found  licre. 

Lanc^Jier,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed E  by  Chcfapeak  Bay,  and  S  W  by 
Rappahannock  river.  It  is  about  40 
miles  lon^,  and  15  broad,  and  conrain* 
2249  f''<^  inhabitants,  and  3126  Jlavis<. 
The  lands  of  this  county  arc  generally 
poor.  At  the  court  houfc'is  a  port  office. 

Jumcajler,  Boiaii^^h  of,  a  hiindfonic  and. 
flourifliing  port  town,  tlie  capital  of  Lan- 
caller  county,  Pcnnfylvania,  and  the 
largeft  inland  town  of  the  United  States. 
It  is  pleafantly  fituated  upon  thedefcent 
of  a  hill,  a  mile  and  a  half  W  ot  Conello- 
ga  creek,  which  falls  into  Sufquehanna 
river,  9  miles  S  by  W  of  the  town.  lt» 
trade  is  already  great,  and  mufl  increalV, 
in  proportion  as  tlie  lurrounding  country 
populates.  It  contains  about  yoo  houl- 
cs  chiefly  of  brick  and  Hone.  The  fegif- 
laturc  me«ta  here  till  a  permanent  feat 
of  government  fliall  be  cflablillicd.  'I'he 
public  buildings  are  a  handfome  court 
houfc  of  brick,  a  market  houfe  of  the  fame 
materials,  and  a  Ihong  ftone  gaol.  Here 
arefi  places  of  w.orfliip.for  as  manv  difler- 
ent  perfuafion^,  viz.  German  Lutiicrans, 
German  Ccdvini/ls,  I'rcfbytcrians,  Epif- 
copalians,  Moravians,  and  Roman  Catbr 
olics.  The  German  Lutheran  church  it 
a  large  lirick  building,  liaving  an  orgaa, 
and  a  luindlonic  fpirc  ;  the  otiurs  urc  of 
brick,  and  arc  neat  and  canimodious 
building*.  'i'Le>only  nianiiLu'tures  here 
arc  carried  on  by  iiulividnals.  There 
ate  3  brewcricp,  and  x  or  3  valuaMc  tan-' 
ntries.  Prankliii  college  is  <flablifl]cd 
lirn  liu'llu'  (icrin.-ins.  Its  endowment'* 
lUt  ntarly  theti\iueas  iluile  of  IJickinfon 
college  at  CarUlle.  Its  tniflets  eonfift  of 
Lutherans,  CalvinilTs,  Prefl)yttrians,  and 
Epifcopnliana ;  of  each  an  ctjual  nuntr 
bcr.  1  he  principal  i^  a  Lutheran,  and 
the  vice  prelident  a  Oalvinill.  U  is  ^8 
miles  as  the  nvw  turnpike  road  runs,  W 
by  N  of  Philadelphia,  :nid  31  liom  Kcad- 
\\\g.     N  lat.  40  3,  W  lun.  76  20. 

J.ancnfter,  a  poft  tov/n  of  S.  Carolina, 
36  miles  ironi  Camden,  and  47  from 
Charlotte,  N.  Carolina. 

i. j;;.'.v/?.T,  a  plcafani  poll  town,inWor- 

ccrtcr 


fi^l 


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cCfter  CO.  MaiTachurettB,  the  oldeft  in  the 
eaunty,  fettled  in  1645,  and  incorporated 
in  1653.  It  is  fituatid  on  a  branch  of 
Maifliua  river,  which  empties  into  the 
Merrimack  It  is  36  miles  W  N  W  of 
Bolton,  and  14  N  by  E  of  Worccfter. 
The  lands  of  the  townfliip,  and  thofc  of 
Sterling  on  the  S  W  are  part  of  the  tradk 
called  NnJh:iv>ogg  by  the  Indiann.  The 
pleafantnefs  of  this  town  has  invited  ma- 
ny perfons  of  education  and  fortune  to 
relidc  here.  In  the  N  eafterly  part  of 
Lmcader,  there  is  a  valuable,  and  per- 
haps Inexhauftiblc  (late  pit,  fornifhing 
dates  for  houfes,  and  excellent  (tones  for 
tombs  and  graves.  No  flatcs  equal  to 
thcfe  have  yet  been  difcovered  in  the 
United  States.  Thefe  are  fent  to  Bofton, 
and  exported  to  N.  York,  Virginia,  &c. 
Two  principal  branches  of  Nalhqa  river, 
over  which  are  9  large  bridges,  water 
this  town,  and  have  on  their  banks  excel- 
lent interval  land.  Cumbcrry  pond  in 
this  town  is  obferved  to  rife  as  much  as 
two  feet,  juft  before  a  ftorm  ;  and  Sandy 
pond  rifcs  in  a  dry  fcafon.  It  contains 
1584  iniiabitants. 

L^ncafler,  a  poft  town  in  Grafton  cp. 
N.  Hampdiirc,  on  the  E  bank  of  Con- 
xicdticut  river,  about  41  miles  above 
Hanover.  It  was  incorporated  in  17C3. 
In  1775  it  contained  6i  inhabitants,  in 
X790,  161,  and  in  i8co,  44c. 

ItamejJIer,  thff  capital  of  Fairfield  co. 
in  the  Scate  of  Ohio,  fituatcd  on  the 
Kockhocking  River. 

Laneafitr  the  To-uinfiip  of^  in  U.  Canada, 
if  in  Glcngary  co.  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  the  lowed  in  the  province  adjoining 
L-  Canada. 

Lanec  Ips,  On  the  N  \V  coaft  of  N- 
America,  lie  ofF  Cape  Scott,  which  is  the 
fouthern  point  at  the  mouth  of  Pintard's 
Sound,  oppoCtc  to  point  Difappointment. 
There  is  a  narrow  channel  between  the 
UrgeQine^ndthecape.  S^cPintard's ^ound. 
Lantetetj^rnjjle,  a  viljag'e  in  LouiQana,  on 
tb«  Miffifippi,  below  St.  I-ouis. 

Lamdaff,  a  townlhip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
JIampfliire.  Ir  was  incorporated  in 
1774,  and  contains  461  inhabitants. 

Landguard,  on  lake  trie,  U.  Canada, 
^formerly  Point  aiix  Pins  ;)  this  place  is 
in  lat.  42  7  ij  N,  variation  a  48  W. 
There  is  a  pond  at  the  back  of  the 
point ;  the  entrance  to  which  has  fome- 
times  4^  feet  xvater  on  the  bar  ;  on  the 
bank  of  the  pood  is  an  old  Indian  village, 
from  whence  there  is  a  good  path  to  the 
t\'Kt  Thsmcs.  There  is  a  great  refort  of 


LAR 

Indians  to  this  place,  in  th«  fpring,  id* 
dueed  by  the  quantity  of  filh  and  fowl, 
which  may  then  be  taken  here.  This 
point  is  about  ao  miles  £  of  the  S.  Fore, 
land,  and  bears  the  only  pine  timber  on 
this  coalt. 

Land'i  Height,  in  N.  America,  is  the 
high  ground  on  the  chain  of  lakes  be- 
tween Lake  la  Plue  and  L.  Superior, 
where  there  is  a  portage  of  7  miles.  It 
is  80  miles  £  of  the  grand  portage  from 
the  W.  end  of  L.  Superior. 

LangdoH,  a  townlhip  in  Chelhire  eo.  N. 
Hampflure,  incorporated  in  1787,  and 
contains  484  inhabitants, 

Lanrjhorougb,  a  pod  town  in  Berklhire 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  N  of  Pittsfield  6  miles. 
It  has  two  quarries  of  marble,  and  con- 
tains 1443  inhabitants, 

Lanfinburgb,  (city,)  in  the  townfhip  of 
Troy;  RenlTalaer  co.  N.  York,  is  very 
pleafantly  Tituated  on  the  £  bank  of 
Hudfon's  R.  oppoiite  one  of  the  mouths 
of  the  Mohawk,  and  contains  about  ajo 
dwelling  houfes,  a  brick  church,  the 
joint  property  of  the  Dutch  and  Prefby- 
tcrian  congregation,  a  court  houfe,gaol, 
and  an  academy,  incorporated  in  1796. 
Here  is  a  Library  company  which  was 
incorporated  in  1775.  It  is  a  veryflour- 
ilhing  place,  fituatcd  pn  a  plain  at  the 
foot  of  a  hill, from  the  top  of  which  is  a 
mod  delightful  profpetSt.  A  few  years 
ago  there  was  but  one  ftage  between  this 
town  and  Albany  ;  in  1796  ao  dages 
daily  paflcd  and  repaded  between  the 
neighbouring  towns  of  Laniinburgh, 
Troy,  Watcrford,  and  Albany  ;  it  is  9 
miles  N  of  Albany,  3  above  Troy. 

Lapii  Lazuli,  a  fmall  rock  furrounded 
with  and  aln^od  covered  by  the  fea  on  the 
coad  of  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  about  a  miles 
from  Monano  tdand,  and  (hews  the  paf- 
fage  into  St.  John's  riyer. 
La  Plate.     See  Paraguay. 
Large  Xoct,  lies  on  the  S  bank  of  Ohio 
R.  in  the  tratft  called  Indiana,  and  near- 
ly oppoiite  the  mouth  of  Muflcingum  R. 
Large  JJland,  one  of  the  laxged  iflands 
on   the  L;ibrador  ?oad,  due  W  of  the 
mouth  of  Shecatica  Bay. 

Large  IVhittJlene  Lake,  in  N.  America, 
between  lat.  66  and  67  N,  and  between 
Ion.  117  and  ii8  W,  is  about  40  miles 
long.  A  dream  from  the  N  W  part  of 
this  lake,  it  is  faid,  is  the  main  branch 
of  Copper  mine  river. 

Laricaxat,  a  province  of  La  Paz,  and 
audience  of  Charcas  in  Peru.  It  lies  adja- 
cent to  the  territories  of  the  jurifdi»aion 


tAU 


LAvr 


•f  Lapas,  and  to  the  N  uf  that  city,  ex- 
tending ii8  leagues  frbm  £  to  Wand 
•bout  30  from  N  to  S.  It  abounds  in 
gold  mines,  the  metal  of  whicli  iit  of  fo  fine 
a  quality,  that  itt  ftandard  is  23  carats 
and  3  grains. 

ItjtacuHga,  AJpehh  o/",  the  firft  jurifoic- 
tioi>  S  of  that  of  Quito.    The  word  aj^enta 
iinplies  a  place  lei's  than  a  tovrn,  but  jarg- 
er  than  a  villiige.     It  (landi  ot)   a  widia 
plain,  having  on  its  euft  fide  the  caftern 
Cordillera  of  tlie  Andes,  from  which  pro- 
jedts  a  very  high  mountain  ;  and  ift   a 
fmall  dlflaiice   from  its  foot   is  fituated 
Latacunga,  in  55   14  30  Slat.     0;i  its  W 
fide  is  a  river,  which  'ui  fometimes  forda- 
ble,  but  generally  pafled  over  a  bridge. 
This   afliento  is   large  and  regular,   the 
ftreecs  br jad  and   ftraiglit,  the  lipul'es  of 
(lone,  arched,  and  well   contrived,  one 
I^ory  high.    This  precaution   the  inhab- 
itants were  taught  to  obfcrve  by  a  dread- 
ful deflrucSlion  of  all  th^  building,  on  the 
aoth  of  June,  1691;.    Out   of  000  ftone 
houfes,  which  the  aiCento  then  contained, 
only  a  part  of  one,  and  the  Jefuit's  church, 
were  left  Handing,  and  mo(^  of  the  inhab- 
itants were   hurFed  in  the  ruins.     The 
(lone  of  which  the  houfes  and  chtirches 
are  built,  is  a  kind  of  pumice,  or  fpon^y 
l^one,  ejeAed  fron>  volcanoes  ;  which  have 
fom^ed  inez):^auflible  quarries  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood.   It  is  fo  light,  that  it  will  fwin^ 
in  the  water,  and  from  its  great  porofity, 
the  lime  cenjents  the  dilFerebt  pieces  very 
ftrongly  together.    This  jurifdic^on  con- 
tains   1 7  principal  villages-     The  air  of 
the  afliento  is  colder  from  the  place  being 
only  6  leagues  from  the  mountain  of  Co- 
topaxi ;  which  as  it  is  npt  lefs  in  height  or 
extent  than  thofe   of  Chimborazo    and 
Caymburo,  fo,  Uke  them,  it  is  covered  with 
ice  and  fnow.     The  villages  are  populous ; 
fuch  as  are  feated  i(i  the  vallies  are  hot, 
thofe  in  the  plains  temperate,  whilfl  thofe 
which  border  on  the  mountain,  like  that 
of  the  affieqto,  are  cold,  aiid  fometimes  to 
an  exceflive  degree-     Tlie    inhabitants 
amount  to  about  11,000,  chiefly  Spaniards 
and  Meftizoes.    Great  quantities  of  pork 
are  falted  here  .and  fent  to  Quitq,  Guaya- 
quil, and  Riobamba,  being  highly  valued 
for  the  peculiar  flavour  given  it  ip  the 
pickling.    The  manufaiSturcs  are  thofe  of 
cloth,  baize,  and  tucuyos.    The  inhabit- 
ants of  Pugili,  and  Saquifili,  are  noted 
for  making  earthen  ware,  highly  valued 
all  over  the  province  of  Quito.    Th6  clay 
of  which  they  are  made  is  of  a  lively  red, 
rpQ7,rkabl7  tWi  eiQittiqg  a  kind  01  frag- 


raney,  and  the  workmanfliip  very  Be»( 
and  ingenious. 

Laurel  Mountain,  A  t°ange  of  mountain^ 
wellward  of  the  Alleghany  ridge,  and 
a  part  of  v\rhat  is  called  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  It  extends  from  Feniifylvaul* 
to  N.  Carolina,  anil  gives  rife  to  I'cvcral 
branches  of  the  Ohio  R.  I'he  great  Kan- 
haway  breaks  through  the  Laurel  Kidgft 
in  its  way  to  the  Ohio,  in  N  lat.  38  30,  W 
Ion.  81  19.  In  a  fpur  of  this  mountain, 
about  lat.  36,  isa  fpringof  ^ater,  50  feet 
deep,  very  cold,  aiid,  it  is  faid,  as  blue  as 
itidigo.  i'he  lands  within  a  fmall  dilbnce 
of  the  Laurel  Mountain,  through  which 
the  Yougliiogany  runs,  are  in  many  placet 
broken  and  Aony,  but  rich  and  well  tim- 
bered ;  and  in  fome  places,  and  particu- 
larly on  Laurel  Creek,  they  are  rocky 
and  moi^ntainoits.  From  the  Laurel 
Mountain  to  Monqngahcla.  the  firft  7 
miles  are  good,  level,  farming  lands,  with 
fine  meadowi ;  the  tin^ber,  white  oak, 
chefnut,  hickory,  &c. 

f4itioreiiee  Rhur  and  Gji/,  5/.  St.  Law? 
rence  is  one  of  the  largeft  rivers  in  N, 
America.  It  ifliies  from  Lake  Ontario, 
forming  the  outlet  of  the  long  chain  of 
great  lakes,  which  feparate  U.  Canads 
from  the  United  States.  From  Lake 
Ontario  to  Montreal  it  has  thp  name  of 
Iroquois,  and  taking  a  northeaft  courf* 
embofoms  the  ifland  of  Montreal ;  juft 
I  above  which  it  receives  Ottawa  or  Grand 
j  R.  from  the  W,  and  forms  many  fertile 
1  iflands.  From  Montreal  it  aflumes  the 
I  name  of  St.  Lawrence*  and  continuing 
the  fame  cqurfe  pafles  by  Que'^ec,  and 
meets  the  tide  upwards  of  400  miles  froni 
the  fea,  and  is  fo  far  navigable  for  large 
vpflels.  Having  received  in  its  courl'e 
befide  Ottawa,  St.  John's  Seguina,  Def- 
praires,  Trois  Rivieres,  and  innumerabl{( 
other  fmaller  ureanis,  it  falh  into  the 
ocean  at  Cape  Rofieras,  by  a  mouth  about 
90  miles  broad,  in  which  is  the  illaud  of 
Anticofti.  In  its  courfe  it  forms  a  great 
variety  of  bays,  harbours,  and  i/lands 
many  of  them  fruitful  4nd  extremely 
pleafant.  The  St.  Lawrence  may  be 
claffed  with  the  moO  noble  rivers  in 
the  world ;  its  waters  flow  aoco  miles  be- 
fore they  reach  the  ocean  :  the  commer- 
cial advantages  from  fuch  a  fituation  in- 
creafe  in  proportion  to  the  population  of 
its  banks.  The  Indian  trade,  in  a  great 
meafure,  takes  its  current  down  the  St. 
Lawrence,  particularly  fince  veflelsofa 
confidcrabls  fize  are  conflantly  building 

Smyth. 
Z,awraift, 


■  ■i-i' 


for  the  navigatioa  of  the  lakes. 


L£B 


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/^wrnee,  fll.  a  county  of  N.  Vork,  in  tha 
K  \V  corner  of  the  ftatc,  on  the  S  E  bank 
f)f  St.  I,awrcnce  R.  iuterfetSled  by  a  num- 
h<-r  of  coiiilderable  river*.  It  is  divided 
into  the  townfhips  of  MafTcna,  Madrid, 
Lifbon,  and  01wc'g<itchie,  in  which  lad 
are  the  lake  and  river  of  the  fame  name. 
C'rafs,  Racket  and  St  Kegin  river*,  pa's 
tlirough  tht  northern  part  of  this  county 
into  the  St,  Lawrence. 

L<iiin-us,  a  diftridl  of  S.  Carolina,  lying 
between  F.noree  and  Saluda  river*.  It  is 
about  ,^1  miles  long,  and  21  broad,  and 
contains  ia,8o(^  inhabitants,  i<;i9  of  whom 
arc  Haves. 

Laurens  Court  Hotifty  in  the  above  CO.  is 
20  miles  froii)  Bufli  R.  34  from  Newbury 
court  houfe,  and  40  from  Greenville. 
Here  is  a  port  office. 

La'Mrrnccy  Fort,  is  a  little  abovc  the 
crofling  place  of  Tufcarawas,  a  branch  of 
Mulkingum    river. 

Laiurrnce  Totun,  a  thinly  r^-ttled  agri- 
cultural to'vnfliip,afcw  miles  to  the  eaft- 
ward  or  Halifax  in  Nova  Scoda. 

Liurent  of  the  Mine,  St,  a  fettlement  in 
tlie  Ifland  v)f  St.DomingQ,ncar  the  Spanifli 
capital,  St.  Domingo.  It  (lands  in  the 
pl.KJu  wlicre  the  capital  was  firft  founded, 
Oil  .'le  E  fide  of  the  Ozama,  and  about  a 
yii  irtsr  of  a  league  from  its  confluence 
•with  the  Ifabella.  It  can  only  be  conlid- 
cred  as  a  dependency  on  St.  Domingo, 
and  contains  300  inhabitants,  all  free  ne- 
groes, forming  a  cure.  It  was  formed  in 
^7^3*  byiiS  runaway  French  negroes, 
•who  being  fent  down  to  the  bay  of  Ocoa 
to  be  fhipped  off,  the  Spaniards  attacked 
the  efcort,  and  gave  arms  to  the  fugitives, 
maintaining  that  they  were  free  men. 

Lc-wunai  Hannoci,  a  Moravian  fettle- 
ment nearly  oppofite  Gofhgoniink,  on 
Alleghany  R.  and  20  miles  N  E  of  Fort 
Franklin. 

Lazaruj,  Archipelago  ef,  St.  See  De 
Fonte. 

Lcacect,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  containing  zozz  inhab- 
itants. 

Leajburgb,  the  chief  town  of  Cafwell  co. 
N.  Carolina.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
ga^l,  and  a  few  houfes. 

Lebanon,  a  poll  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
on  the  E  fide  of  Salmon  Fall  river,  100 
miles  N  of  Bofton.  It  v/as  incorporated  in 
1767,  and  contained  in  1790,  1175  inhab- 
itants. A  fpecies  of  ftone  is  found  here 
which  yields  copperas  and  fulphur. 

Lebanon,  New,  a  picafant  village  in 
Cr<p»aa,  N.  York,  bordering  on  Pittsfield, 


Miflachufetij,  fituatcd  partly  in  a  *.«?*, 
and  partly  on  the  declivity  of  hilli. 
The  >'.  'J'inal  fprings  here  arc  next  in 
celeb: ity'o  thole  of  llall  town, Saratoga. 
'I'hr  pool  t»  fituated  on  a  commanding  em- 
inence, overlooking  the  valley,  and  fur- 
rounded  with  a  few  houfes  which  adbrd 
tolerable  accommodations  to  invalids.  The 
ftream  from  thr  fpring  it  fo  large,  that 
a  few  r  d»  from  it  is  an  excellent  grift 
mill,  3  Uories  high. 

Lebanon,  a  poll  town  in  Windham  co. 
Conneiflicut,  was  fettled  in  1697.  The 
foil  is  equal  to  almoft  any  in  the  State, 
and  the  inhabitants  are  generally  farmers, 
many  of  whom  arc  wealthy.  The  thick 
fettled  part  of  the  town  forms  a  very 
wide  rtreet,  and  the  houfes  arc  at  confid- 
erable  diftanccs  from  each  other.  Acad- 
emic education  has  been  patronized  in 
this  place  for  above  90  years,  greatly  to 
the  honor  of  the  people.  I'he  river 
SJjetucket  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
Willamantic  and  Mount  Hope  rivers, 
which  uniec  between  this  town  ancj 
Windham.  It  lies  9  miles  Nof  Norwich, 
and  3Q  fouth  eaft  of  Hartford.  Inhab- 
itants, 365Z. 

Lebanon,  a  port  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hamp{hire,on  Mufcomy  river,  and  on  the 
E  fide  of  the  Connedticut,  z  mile?  below 
Dartmouth  College.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1761.  In  1775  it  contained  347  inhab- 
itants, in  1790, 1 1 80,  and  in  1800,1574. 
See  Mufcomy  Pond. 

Lebanon,  a  port  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  Quitapahilla 
creek,  in  Dai^phin  co.  About  a  mile  from 
the  town  is  the  Sufquehanna  and  Schuyl- 
kill canal,  which  connecSVa  this  creek  with 
the  Tulpehocken,  a  branch  oftheSchuvl- 
kill.  l^ebanon  contains  about  300  houfes, 
regularly  built,  many  of  which  are  of 
brick  and  ftone  ;  a  German  Lutheran  and 
aCalvinift  church,  it  is  25  miles  E  by  N 
of  Harriiburg,  43  E  by  S  of  Carlifle,  and 
8a  N  Wby  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Lee,  a  fmall  (own  in  Strafford  co.  N. 
Hampfliirc,  about  li  miles  N  of  Exe- 
ter. It  was'  formerly  part  of  Dover  and 
Durham,  and  was  iiicorporatcd  in  1766. 
It  contains  978  inhabitants. 

Lee,  Fort,  was  credled  by  the  Americans 
during  the  late  war,  on  the  W  bank  of  N. 
river,  having  the  tra<fl  called  the  Engliflj 
Neighbourhood  on  the  N,  and  that  called 
Hobokei)  on  the  fouthward,  in  N  lat.  40 
56,  and  about  9  miles  above  the  town  of 
Bergeii.  The  Americans  had  aooo  men  iu 
garrifon  licre  in  the  late  ^Yar,  but  evacu- 

ate4 


ttt 


tti 


Me  J  it  111  November,  1776,  with  th£  lol'i  of 
•heir  artillery  iuid  ^urcs. 

Lee,  a  county  of  Virginia,  in  the  S  W 
corner  of  the  fUtc,  bounded  S  by  the  (late 
of  N  Carolina,  and  W  by  Kentucky,  it 
it  of  a  triangular  form,  1  lides  being  about 
60  mile*  long,  the  other  about  jo.  In 
this  county  11  Powell's  rivers  running 
through  Powell's  fertile  valley ;  but  a 
third  part  of  the  county  is  mountainous. 
h  containi  3195  free  inhabitants,  and  343 
ilaves.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. 
Chief  town,  JonefviUc. 

Lee,  a  to>vnfliip  in  Berkfliire  co.  MafT 
Chufctts',  5  hiil«8  S  of  Lenox,  4  £  uf  Stoci 
bridge,  and  140  W  of  Bodon  ;  was  inn 
poraied  in  1777, and  contains  1367  inhau 
itants.     Houfatonick  river  runs  foutlierly 
through  this  town. 

Leeds,  a  town  in  the  caftern  part  Af 
Gloucdler  co.  N.  Jerfey,  4  miles  W  of 
the  mouth  of  Mullicus  river. 

Leedr,  a  village  of  Richmond  ca  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  N  bank  of  Rappahannock 
river ;  14  miles  E  by  S  of  Port  Royal, 
40  S  Eof  FredericfclbttTg,  and  70  N  E  of 
Richmond.  Near  Leedftown  it  a  famous 
courfe  for  horfc  racing. 

LeeJr,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  on  the 
E  bank  of  Amerefkoggcn  riVcr,  oppufite 
the  mouth  of  10  miles  dream,  in  the  town 
of  Turner,  in  Cumberland  co. 

Leeds  County,  U.  Canada,  is  bounded  on 
<hc  E  by  the  county  of  Grenville,  on  the 
S  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
W  by  the  boundary  line  of  the  late  town- 
fhip  of  Pitrfburgli,  running  N  until  it 
kuerfedh  the  Ottawa  or  Grand  river  ; 
thence  defcending  that  I'ivcr  until  it  meets 
the  Nwefternmoft  boundary  of  the  county 
of  Grenville.  The  county  of  Leeds  com- 
prehends all  the  iflands  in'  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  near  to  it.  The  greater  part 
•f  it  lies  fronting  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Smyth. 
Leeds  To-wnjhip,  in  the  county  of  Leeds, 
h  the  rath  townftiip  in  afcendingthe  river 
St.  Lawrence.  Ft  is  watered  by  the  Ga- 
nanoque  river,  which  has  a  good  harbour 
at  its  entrance.  Here'  is  a  port  of  entry 
on  the  W  bank  of  the  Gananoque,  near  its 
nouth  in  the  St.  Lawrenc«. 

Leedjton,  a  poft  town  of  Wefttnorelartd 
CO.  Virginia,  105  miles  from  Wafliington. 
Leefooga,  one  of  the  Friendly  iflands^  in 
the  S.  Sea.  It  was  vifited  by  Captain 
Cook,  in  1776,  who  cohiiders  it,  in  fome 
rcfpedks,  fupeior  to  Anamooka.  The  ifl- 
and  is  fituated  near  Hapaec^  iua4  ln  4bout 
%  miles  long  and  3  broatl.       '     ~  — 


Litjhurg,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland,  ay' 
miles  from  FrcderickAown. 

Leejburg,z.  poft  town  of  Virgina,  anil 
capital  of  Loudon  co-  It  is  lituatcd  6 
miles  S  W  of  the  Patowmuc,  and  4  S  o£ 
Goofe  Crick,  a  branch  ot  that  river  oti 
the  great  road  leading  from  Philadelphia 
to  the  lbuthward,aud  on  the  leading  road 
from  Alexandria  to  Bath.  It  contains 
dbout  6c  houfes,  a  court  houie,  and  gaul. 
It  is"  iO  miles  from  Salifljury,  3a  from 
Shepherdftown,  ao  from  Iredcrickftown 
in  Maryland,  46  N  W  of  Alexandria,  and 
64  KS  !•:  ot  Winchcllcr. 

Lees  Ijhiil,  in  Patowmac  river,  in  Fair- 
.  X  CO.  Virginia,  about  a  miles  S  E  of 
Thorp. 

Leek,  a  itm\\  ifhnrf  Of  Pennfylvatti.i,  in 
Delaware  river. 

Lee'ward  ljlands,>  See  W.  Indies. 
Lehigh,  or  Lata,  a  river  Which  rifcs  in 
Norihrtmpton  co.  Pennfylvania,  about  at 
miles  Eof  Wyoming  Falls,  in  SuiqiHlun- 
na  river,  and  taking  a  circular  coimI'c, 
palfing  through  the  Blue  Mountains,  imp- 
ries  into  Delaware  river  on  the  S  lido  of 
Eafton,  II  miles  N£  of  Bethlehem.  Ft 
rtins  about  75  miles,  and  is  navigiiblc  30 
miles. 

Le  Grand,  a  confiderable  river  of  the 
rtate  of  Ohio,  which  riles  within  a  few 
miles  of  the  W  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
and  purfuing  a  N  N  W  courfe  for  nearly 
loomiles,  thence  turning  to  the  W,  emp- 
ties info  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  about  250 
yards  wide  at  its  confluence  with  the  lake. 
Le  Guira,  a  corruption  of  La'  Guayra, 
which  fee. 

Leicijtcr,  a  townflijp  in  Addffon  co.  Ver- 
mont, iituated  on  theElide  of  Otter  Creek, 
havingjaainhabitants.  GrcatTrout  Pond, 
or  Lake,  is  partly  in  this  town,  and  partly 
in  Salilbury  on  the  N.  This  town  was 
granted  0<a.  20,  \^(>t. 

Leicijler,  called  by  the  Indian  natives 
Toivtaid,  is  a  confiderable  poft  town  in 
Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  containing, 
1 103  inhabitants.  It  is  fituated  upon 
the  poft  road  from  Bofton  to  Hartford,  N. 
York  and" Philadelphi a,  6  miles  W  of  Won- 
cefter,  and  54  W  by  S  of  Bofton  ;  bound- 
ed N  by  Paxton  and  S  by  Oxford.  It 
was  fettled  in  1713,  and  incorporated 
in  1 730  or  1721.  There  are  three  meet- 
ing houfcs  here  for  Congrcgationalifts, 
Anabaptifh,  and  Quakers  ;  who  live  ia 
harmony  together.  I'he  Leicefier  Acade- 
my was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  is  well 
endowed.  Wool  cards  are  manufadlureil 
here  to  th«  afiAUjl  amount  oS  isfioo  pairs. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STRUT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


// 


ttmlf^an,  a  poji  Mwn»  Yotk  cd  Mais^i 
Cio  mileii  N  £  froih  Wafliingtpn. 

JLemit^tm,  a  toWhJliip  in  Mex  cq,  Vei;- 
inont,  on  the  W  bank  of  Connfdticut 
Hver,  vtid  near  thfe  N  £  cpmer  of  the 
$ta^e.  The  Great  Mopadnock  moui- 
tain  U  m  this  town.  It  contains  51  ia- 
habitants. 

/^  Mairf.       See  Mairt.  , 

litm^tr,  an  inconfiderablii  toiirnihip  ill 
Cheflurie  co.  N.  Hampfliire.  It  wai  in* 
cqrporated  in  1761.  In  1775  it  contain- 
ed ia8|iax79o,  414,  andin  1800, 7^9  in- 
habitanti. 

.  Ltniiry  i  CO.  df  I^evjrberii  diftriA>  N. 
CifolLil'li  furrounded  by  Olafgdw,  Craves, 
Jone^i  and  Dauphin  It  contains  3898 
tree;  phabiutnti,  and  14^7  flayes.  Chief 
town,  Kin^oti. 

LenoXf  the  fliirii  tOTtrn  erf  Berkfliire  cO. 
I^aflachufett*.  It  is  a  pieafant  and  thriv- 
ing town,  and  has  a  court  houfe  and  gaol. 
Houfatonick  nver  paflbs  through  the 
town.  It  lie*  W  of  Wafliington,  S  of 
Pittsfield,  17  milcf  fouth  ^efkerly  of  Chcf- 
ter,  and  145  miles  N  of  Qodon.  Inhabit- 
«nts  1041,  and  has  a  poft  office. 

Lenox  Caple,  a  poft  town,  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  390  miles  from  Wafhing- 
ton. 

Leogaiie,  May  if,  called  alio  BighU  or 
&te  of  Leogane,  ahn  Cut  de  i^ac  of  Leo- 

gine,  at  the  W  *nd  pf  the  ifland  of  St. 
omingo,  is  formed  by  two  peninfulas. 
It  opens  between  Cape  St.  Nicole  at  the 
W  end  of  the  N  peniofula,  and  C>pc 
Dame  Marie,  the  N  W  point  of  the  S  pen- 
infula,  45  league)  apart.  At  the  bottom 
of  the  bay  are  thetilands  Qoiiave.and  on 
the  N  lide  of  the  S  peninfula  the  ifles  Ref- 
fif  and  Caymite.  It  embofomt  a  vaft 
number  of  fine  bays.  The  chief  bays, 
toirns  and  ports  from  Cape  St.  Nicholas 
round  to  Cape  Dame  Marie  are  La  Plate 
Yorme,  or  the  Platfonn,  Gonaives,  St. 
Marc,  Montrouis,  Archahaye,  Port  au 
Prince,  Leogane,  Ooave,  Miragoane,  Pet- 
it, T rou.  Bay  of  Batadairi cs.  Bay  of  Durot, 
Jeremie,  Cape  Dame  Marie,  &c.  Trou 
Bordit,  at  the  head  of  which  is  Port  au 
Prince,  is  at  the  extremity  of  the  Bay  of 
JLeogane  eaftward,  60  leagues  E  of  Cape 
Dame  Marie,  and  51  S  £  of  Cape  St. 
Nicholas. 

frngmtti.  fea  port  town  in  the  French 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  fituatcd 
on  the  N  fide  of  the  neck  of  the  S  penin- 
fula ip  the  bay  or  bite  of  Leogane,  at  the 
head  of  a  fmall  bay  which  fets  up  £  from 
Ih*  b»7  of  Gr^nd  Goave,  4  leagues  N  £  of 


'    ^  tEC> 

the  town  of  that  name,  6}  N  ofj'tcmels 
8  N  W  of  Cayesde  Jacme!,  9  W  by  S  of 
Portau  Prince,  and6i  leagues  S  £  of 
Petite  Gonave  iflan4t.  N  lat.  1 8  30,  W  Ion. 
from  Paris  75  %.  It  Is  ad  .agreeable, 
pieafant,  and  commercial  pl..ce.      The 

iixportsfromjan;!,  i789,toDec  3iofth9 
ame  year,  were  895,87  ilb«.  white  fugar, 
7,o79,iOjlbs.  broMnfugari  i,93a,9jalbs. 
coffee,  139,88  7lb8.  cotton,  and  4,96olbs. 
indigo.  T|te  duties  on  the  exportation 
of  the  above,  a6,i  03  dollars  70  cents. 

LeominJIer,  a  pofl  town  in  Wprcefter  co< 
IMaffachufetff ,  7  miles  N  by  W  of  Lan- 
cafter,  20  S  £  of  'Winchendon,  46  we(W 
trardofBoQpn,  19  N  of  WprceAer,  and 
ao  S  of  Marlborough,  in  New  Hampfhire, 
has  a  priitting  office  and  feveral  neat 
buildingi.  I'his  townfliip  was.  taken 
from  Lancaftcr,  iacorpo|-ated  in  1740, 
andieont^ps  i486  inbabitaiits.  On  the 
different  (lream<  which  pafs  through  the 
toyfn  are'  a  grift  mills,  5  faw  mills,  an  oil 
mill,  and  clpthiers  works,  very  excellent. 
About  200,000  bricks  are  annually  made 
here.  The  manufatSure  of  combs  is  alfo 
carried  on  to  great  perfeAion  and  profit. 
Leominjler  Gorei  adjoining  contains  i^  iiw 
habitants. 

Letn,  a  river  whi&h  f^IIs  into  the  Gulf 
of  Metico  from  the  N  W  at  the  bay  of  Sc 
Bernard. 

Leon^  Netv,  a  popuh)us  kingdom  of 
New  Spain,  in  N  America,  ii^  wW^  ^* 
feveral  filver  mines. 

JLeqn,  a,  town  of  the  province  of  Paim« 
CD,  in  Mexico.  It  has  rich  mines,  and 
lief  30  leagues  N  of  Mechoac^,  and  j  j 
N  W  of  tha  city  of  Mexico. 

Leon  de  Carauu^St.  a  city,  the  capiul  of 
the  province  of  the  Caracas,  I}t^ated  on 
a  river,  about  6  leagues  S  fr«nn  the  coaft; 
enclofed  by  mountains.  The  valley  ii| 
which  it  (unds  is  a  fevannah,  wfcll  >f  aterr 
ed  and  very  healthy,  about  3  leagues  long 
and  I  broad  in  the  middle,  the  only  en- 
trance into  which  it  through  a  crooked 
and  fteep  road.  The  city  is  near  a  mile 
long ;  the  houfes  handfomc  and  well  fur- 
nilhed  ;  the  ftreets  regular,  ftraight  and 
broad,cuttins  each  other  at  right  angles^ 
and  terminatmg  in  a  magnificent  iquarf 
in  the  cent;-e.  It  copti^ms  about  4  or 
5,000  inhabitants;  moft  of  whom  are 
owners  of  cocoa  plantaticms,  which  laor 
I  j/x>o  negroes  cultivate  in  the  rich  val- 
lies,  which  is  almofi  the  only  cohivatioa 
they  have. 

Letn  di  NiearapM.,  a  town  of  N.  Amer- 
ica io  New  Spain,  aod  ix>  the  province  of 

Nicaragua  ; 


Nicarigi 

and  a  bii 

buccane( 

army  wJ; 

foot  of 

und  0CC9 

of  about 

JBOuafter 

k.       At 

v-hich  eb 

30  miles  1 

2J,Wlor 

Leonara 

and  the  c: 

on  the  i 

where  it 

from  its  m 

tains  aboi 

gaol.      It 

SbyE   ol 

of  Port  T( 

ddphia. 

Lefttrt  1 

TJie  iiihab 

to  Bougaiu 

of    two     ( 

Tlieir  lips 

and  fume  , 

they  are  fir 

al  devoured 

ed  the  difc<j 

llieofLepet 

ihey  were  ; 

men.      Tl 

their  waifl 

their  childi 

icarf.        T 

iwftrils;  ai 

JLe  Roach 

ands  ;  dir«) 

Let  Cayu 

of  the  Frcai 

mingo,   cor 

itbuiuianee 

't»  exports 

from  Janua 

f»me  year, 

s"  ;   34..? 

,",oa5,6o4lb 
1 69.305  lbs. 
the  value  ol 
duties  paid 
>oi,.sa8  dol 
Cjyes  lies  b 
aud  Cavailh 
f««  up  to  tjl 
t  is  about  „ 
northerly  of 
^^  lou.  fiom 
LettKritnn^, 
Vet.  \, 


LET  - 


L^W 


^  by  S  of 

S  E  of 
o.Wlon. 
erceable, 
..  The 
3ioftho 
Ite  fugar, 
j4,95alb». 

4,9601b*. 
portatioo 
ents. 

rcefter  co« 
I  of  Lan- 

46  wcft- 
:efter,  and 
[ampihire, 
eral  neat 
nm.  taken 

in  1740. 
On  th« 
lirougtf  tht 
(liUs,  an  oil 
^  excellentt 
isiUy  mads 
qibi  it  aUo 

and  profit, 
tains  ^^  >&' 

to  the  OuU 

ke  bay  of  St. 

ingdoin  of 
Vnich  vt 

:^  of  Pamn- 
rajnfs«  and 
:^,  and  jj 

le  capinJ  of 
0t^ated  oi> 
m  the  coaA( 
e  valley  11^ 
wpllvfaterr 
leagues  long 
(  only  en- 
a  crooked 
n^ar  a  mile 
nd  well  fur- 
ftratght  ani 
ight  angles, 
cent  fquarf 
about  4  *>' 
whom   arf 
which  laor 
[he  rich  val- 
cnhivatioa 

l>fN-  Amer- 

I  province  of 

tllcaragua ; 


NicarlguB  ;  the  refidehce  Of  a  govarbor, 
and  a  bifliop's  fee.  It  was  taken  by  the 
buccaneers  in  1685,  in  (ight  of  a  Sp<fnifli 
army  who  were  6  to  i ;  is  feated  at  tiie 
foot  of  a  mountain,  which  is  a  volcano, 
und  occaficns  earthquakes.  It  confids 
of  about  1000  houfes,  and  has  feveral 
i;aoua(lerie>  and  nunneries  belongii^  td 
it.  At  one  end  of  the  town  is  a  lake 
%vhich  ebbs  and  flows  like  the  fea.  It  is 
30  miles  from  the  South  Sea.  N  lat.  11 ' 
aj,W  Ion.  8810. 

Leonari^oivn,  a  pod  town  of  Maryland, 
and  the  capital  of  St.  Mary's  co.  is  iituated 
on  the  £  fide  of  Britton's  brook,  juft 
where  it  falls  into  Britton's  Bay,  5  miles 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Patowmac,  and  con- 
tains about  50  houfes,  a  court  houfc,  and 
gaol.  It  is  113  miles  S  of  Baltimore,  62 
S  by  E  of  Upper  Marlborough,  30  S  E 
of  Port  Tobacco,  und  ^l^  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia.     N  lat.  3818. 

Lepmrs'  IJlund,  one  of  t\\i  Nn-w  Hebrldei. 
The  iuhabitantti  of  this  i<land,  according 
to  Bougaiuville's  account  of  tliero.,  "  are 
of  two  colours,  black  and  mulatto. 
Their  lips  are  thick,  their  hair  frizzled, 
and  fume  have  a  kind  of  yellow  wool  \ 
they  are  fmill,  ugly,  illmade,  and  in  gener- 
al devoured  by  the  leiirofy,  wliich  occafion- 
ed  the  difcovercr  Bougainville  to  call  it  the 
JJle  of  Lepen  :  few  women  were  feen,  but 
they  were  altogether  as  difguftlng  as  the 
men.  They  go  naked,  hardly  covering 
their  waifts  with  a  mat."  Tliey  carry 
their  children  on  their  backs  in  a  kind  of 
fcarf.  They  wear  ornaments  iu  their 
noflrils ;  and  have  no  beards. 

Le  Roach  IJlunJ,  is  near  Jraukland's  Id- 
ands  ;  diftovered  in  1657. 

Let  Cayit,  a  jurifdic^lun  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, contain}  4  parilhcs,  and  yields 
jtbunJ.ince  of  fugar,  cotcon,  and  cotfle. 
Its  exports  fron\  the  town  Lef  Ciiyes 
from  January  i,  i/Sc^,  to  Dec.  31,  oi  the 
fame  year,  were  1,59 7,666ibr.  whitrc  fu- 
gar  ;  a4,5j6,o.';olb;i.  brown  fugar  ; 
:„oa5,6o4lbi*.  coffee  ;  855,44  jibs,  cotton  ; 
''»9i305lh3.  indigo;  and  fmall  articles  to 
the  value  of  8».«6  livres.  'i'he  Vi;luc  ol 
duties  paid  ou  the  above  on  exportation 
)0i,5a8  dollars,  85  cents.  The  town  L,t 
Cjyet  lies  between  the  villages  Torbcck 
aad  Cavaillon,  on  the  large  bay  which 
fet«  up  to  the  ifland  Avaclie ;  from  which 
it  is  about  ;,  leagues  diftant,  and  5  leagues 
northerly  of  Point  Abaeou.  N  lat.  18  1  a, 
W  Ion.  from  Paris  76  8. 

Letti-ritvfiy,  a  townfljip,  Prt-uiIJin  co. 
Vet.  I-.        ■       Kk 


Pennfylvaiiia.    Tt  haii  1497  inhab1tjlin«« ' ' 

/.fwrc//,  a  townfliip  in  Hampdiire  co< 
Maflachufetts,  near   Connecticut   rivcr^  ' 
and  94  miles  Wof  Bofton  ;  incorporated  \ 
in   X774,  and   contains   71 1  inhabitants. 
A  copper  mine  has  been  lound  iu  this  ' 
totvnthip.  ' 

Ltvi,  a  point  of  land  in  the  river  St^ 
Lawrence,  oppofitc  to  the  city  of  <^e-  : 
bcc. 

iw//,  IJlt  du  Forti  in  the  river  St.  Law* 
rence, U.Canada, in  frontof  tho townfliip  ' 
bf  Edwardfburgh.     On  this  ifland  are  the  -' 
ruins  of  a  French  fortification.  ' 

Lnvis,  a  town  in  Effex  eo.  S  W  of  • 
I.cmiiigton,adjaining,in  Vermont.  It  i«  " 
about  8  miles  S  of  the  Canada  line. 

Lnuh  Creci,  in  Vermont,  a  fmall  ftream  ' 
which  falls  into  L.  Chaniplairt  at  Fcrrif*  ; 
burg,  a  little  N  of  I  attic  Otter  Greek; 

Letvit'i-  2i<iy.  Sec  BunJiabU  County^ 
MafTachufetts. 

Lc-wifburg,     See  Lculjlourg. 

Liinijlurgt  a  tt».  in  Orangeburgh  difti idtj  • 
S.Carolina. 

Lfwi/iurf,  a  port  town  of  N.  Carolinai  ' 
and  capital  of  Franklin  cO.  is  on  I'ar 
river,  and  contains  bccwbcn  ao  and  30 
houfes,  a  court  houl'e  and  gaoL  It  is  30 
miles  N  of  Raltigh,  aj  S  of  V/atrcuton, 
56  frorti  TarboroiiKh; 

Lcvijburg,  a  poll  town,  and  the  chief 
tovt-n  of  Greenbrisr  co.  Virginia  ;  on  tli< 
N  fide  of  Oreciibriar  river,  contain» 
about  60  houfes,  a  court  hoiife  and  gaol. 
It  is  250  miles  W  by  N  of  Richmond, 
and  486  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  ■ 
388. 

Letoijhurg,  or  Tiifjlctvn,  a  poft  town  of 
Northumberland  co.  Pennfylvania  ;  «>u 
the  W  (idc  of  the  Siifquchanna,  7  miles 
above  Northumberland.  It  contain» 
about  60  houfcii,  and  is  well  Atuated  for 
carrying  on  a  brifk  trade  with  the  N  W 
part  of  the  State,  it  is  30  miles  E  by  ^ 
of  Aarhnfburg. 

Leivrjiotvn,  a  poft  town  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  fule  of  Androfcoggiu 
liver, and  bounded  S  \V  by  Bowdoin.  It 
has  948  inhabitants,  and  is  36  miles  N 
E  of  Portland. 

LetviJloiJun,  or  Leives,  a  poft  town  in 
tiui'icx  eo.  Delaware,  rs  plcafanjly  Iituat- 
ed on  Lewes  creek,  3  <Viilii«  above  it'* 
mouth  in  Delaware  Bay,  and  as  far  W 
by  N  of  the  light  houlc  on  Cope  Ucnlo- 
pen.  It  contains  a  Preft)yterian  and 
Methodift  church,  and  about  80  hnures, 
built  chiefly  on  a  ftrect  which  is  more 
than  3  miles  in  Un^th,  aad  citcn»liui{ 


W-       k 


11^-; 


i :  n 


4'*ll- 


LtX 


lEX 


along  a  creek,  which  feparatcf  the  town 
from  the  pitch  uf  the  cape.  The  iit- 
naiioti  i.s  high,  and  conunands  a  full  prof- 
pe<5t  of  the  light  houfe,  and  the  fea. 
The  court  houfe  and  the  gaol  arc  commo- 
dious bui!dings,and  give  an  air  oi  impor- 
tance to  the  town.  The  entrance  of  a 
hay,  ^titf h  i^  crowded  witii  velFels  from 
all  pa^rlit  the  world,  and  which  is  fre- 
quently clofcd  with  ice  a  part  of  the  win- 
ter feafun,  nccefllty  fcems  to  require,  and 
nature  feems  to  fuggefl,  (hould  be  formed 
into  a  harbour  for  fliipping.  The  de- 
ficiency of  water  in  the  creek,  may  be 
cheaply  and  eaCly  fupplied  by  a  fmall 
canal  fo  as  to  allurd  a  pafTage  for  the 
waters  of  Rehohoth  into  l.ewes  creek, 
tvhich  would  enfure  an  adequate  fup- 
ply.  The  circumjacent  country  is  beau- 
tifully diTcrfiiied  with  hilisi  woods, 
ftreams  and  lakes^  forming  an  agreeable 
contrail  to  the  naked  fandy  beach,  which 
terminates  in  the  cape  ;  but  it  is  greatly 
infefted  with  mufquetoes  and  land  flics. 
It  carries  on  a  fmall  trade  with  Philadel- 
phia in  the  produtftions  of  tfie  country. 
A  manufacture  of  marine  and  glattlxr 
fait8,and  magnelia,  has-been  lattly  eftab- 
liijied  here»  which  is  managed  by  a  gen- 
tleman fkiiled  in  the  pra(flical  knowledge 
of  cheminftry.  It  is  113  miles  S  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    N  l^t:  -iS  6,  \V  Ion.  75  18. 

Letviftaivn,  the  chief  and  pod  town  of 
Milllin  CO.  Pennfylvani.1,  fituatedonthe 
N  Ode  of  Juniatta  river,  on  thCW  tide  of, 
»nd  at  the  mouth  of  Gillilcoquilis  creek  ;. 
about  33  milet  N  E  of  Hurrtingdon.  It 
it  regularly  laid  out,  ".nd  contains  about 
xzo  dwelling  houfesijaj  inliAbitants,  a 
court  houfe  and  gaol.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in.  1795,  and  is  governed  by  two 
burgeflcs,  one  high  conflahie,  a  towi* 
cleric,  and  two  alliftants.  It  is  ijo  miles 
W  N  VV  of  PhiladclpWa.  N  lat^  40  3i,  W 
loi).  77  33. 

Lcivmiaibannel,  a  town  on  the  Ohifr, 
where  Chriftain  Indians fettledundcr  the 
earc  of  the  Moravian  midionaries. 

L'xatutfieitt,  a  fmall  river  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  which  rifcs  by  fevoral  branches  in 
Northampton  CO.  Pennrylvania,  on  the  E 
•  fKle  of  Mount  Ararat ;  thefe  unite  about 
10  miles  from  its  moulh  in  Del.iware 
river.  Its  courfe  is  .S  E  and  E.  ft  joins 
the  Dt'lawarc  about  174  mile»  above  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

l.ixitf^to",  a  pod  town  of  Virginia,  .Tnd 
c  i;iital  of  RockSridgc  co.  It  h  fitintcd 
on  tlie  pofl.iond  from  Pliiiruklpliia  to 
Kcatucky,  by  way  of  the  wilderncfs,  and 


about  a  mile  S  of  the  N  branch  of 
James's  river.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  about  100  houfes.  The 
liiuation  of  the  town  is  healthy  and 
agreeable, and  the  country  round  highly 
cultivated.  Lcfs  than  a  mile  from  the 
r.iwn  is  Liberty  Hall  Academy,  now 
Wafliington  College,  built  of  ftone,  large 
enough  to  contain  40  or  50  (ludents,  and" 
handlomelv  endowed  by  that  diltinguifli- 
ed  man  whofe  name  it  bears.  It  is  159 
miles  W  by  N  of  Richmond,-  jaa  from 
Philadelphia,  and  465  froiti'  Dantillc  in 
Kentucky. 

Lexington,  a  port  town  of  Kentucky, 
and  formerly  the  metropolis  of  that  ftatc. 
It  is  iituatedon  a  rich  extenfive  plain,  in 
Fayetic  co.  on  the  N  fide  of  Town  Fork, 
a  fmall  dream  which  falls  into  the  S 
branch  of  Elkhorn  river.  It  is  built  on 
a  regular  plan,  and  conkiiins  about  2S^ 
houfes,.  5  places  of  public  worfliip,  a 
court  honfo  and-  gaol.  It  contains  an- 
'  Univerfity,  a*  duck  fatflcry,  3  fad-rics 
for  cordage,  feveral  do.  for  nails,  a  ma- 
chines forfpining  cotton,  one  of  which 
has  168  fpiudlesi  a  fadlory  for  weaving, 
a  (M-intir.^  oiBccc,  which  publifli  two 
w'eWy  gazettes  ;  hai»  feveraf  dores  of 
goods  well  aflbrted,  an4is  a  fionrifhing,' 
agreeable  place.  It  is  fituated-in  the 
midd  of  a  fine  tftitft  of  country,  on  the 
headwaters  of  Elkhorn  river,  34  miles 
E  of  Erankforr,  and  774  S  W  by  W  of 
Philadelphia.  U  has  1795  inhabitants, 
among  whom  are  a  number  of  genteel 
families.  N  lat.  35  6,  W  loH^  85  8.  Near 
this  town  are  found  curious  fepulchres 
full  of  human  fkeletons.  It  has  been  af- 
ferted  that  a  man  in- or  near  the  town, 
having  dug  J  or  6  feet  helow  the  furface 
of  the  ground,  came  to  a  large  dat  done, 
under  which  was  a  well  of  common 
depth,  regularly  and  artificially  doned. 
In  the  vicinity  of  I.exington  are  found' 
the  retnains  oftwo  ancient  fortifications, 
furnillied  with  ditches  and  badions,  over- 
grown with  large  trees. 

Lexington,  a' \io^  town,  Rowan  co.  N. 
Carolina,  399  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Lexington,  a  CO.  in  Orangeburg  didritT", 
S,  Carolina. 

Lexington,  formerly  called  the  Great 
Falls,  a  fmall  pod  town  of  Georgia,  fituat- 
cd  on  the  S  fide  01  Ogeechee  river  on  a 
beautiful  eminence  which  overlooks  tiif 
fi^lls  of  the  river.  It  is  a  miles  from 
Georgetown,  and  30  from  Grecnlborougli. 

/./Y. ■.;,;/;, 7,  :v  town  in  Middlcfex  co. 
Mallachufctts,  1 1  miles  N  W  of  Bodon, 

bavins 


feiring  a  ne 

8  number 

^ccn    rend 

fought  in  it 

be  conhden 

the  Amcric 

ihip  contaii 

incorporatC( 

•*'herc  the  I 

monument  ; 

iblloiving  inj 

and  the  rigl 

^om  and  ind 

and  dcfendei 

This  monun: 

itants  of  Lc^ 

and  at  the  ei 

<of  Maffachul 

fellow  citizei 

JMefl'rs.  Jon; 

Jonathan  Ha 

Harrington  : 

top,    and  AI 

who  fell  on  ti 

the  fword  of 

fion.on  the  m 

bic  niucteentl 

Tht 

The  blood  of 

of  God  and  th 

of  the  Union  j 

nies,  and  gave 

iirmnefs  ant 

citizens." 

Leydtn,  a  po 
Jjomilcslfl 
Liyden,  a't< 
Maffachufctts 
Bernarddon,  a 
the  fliire  town 
Jt  was  incorp 
tains  1095  inh 
Lezart,  an  Ii 
between  tht  n 
bafli  rivers, 
tiors. 

Liberty,  a    pi 
miles  from  Ne 
cadJe,    40  fro 
6.T    from    Mai 
chief  town  of 
a  handfome    c 
JO  or  60  houfei 
Liberty,  a  cot 
N  by  Brian,  S  I 
maha,  N  E  by 
long,  %%  broad 
raifed  here.     A 
bufliels  of  corn, 
the  tt^  ia  the 


I,  J  B 

Jinving  a  neat  Congregational  church,  and 
a  iiumlier  of  coinpacl  houfes.  It  has 
^cen  rendered  Tamous  hy  the  battle 
fought  in  it,  April  19,  1775,  which  may 
be  cunfidcrcd  as  tlic  commenccmcat  of 
the  American  revolution.  This  town- 
iliip  contain^  1006  inhabitants,  and  was 
incorporated  in  171a.  On  the  ground 
^herc  the  battle  was  fought  is  a  flone 
monument  10  feet  liigh,on  which  is  the 
ioilowing  infcription.  "Sacred  to  Liberty 
and  the  rights  of  Mankind  !  !  I'lie  free- 
dom and  iudependenee  of  America  ftraled 
and  defended  with  the  blood  of  her  funs. 
This  monument  is  creiiilcd  by  the  inhab- 
itants of  Lexington,  under  the  patronage, 
and  at  thcexpenfe  of  the  Comnwnwealth 
/Of  Maflachufetts,  to  the  memory  of  their 
fellow  citizen*  :  Enfign  Robert  Munroc, 
iAe&'n.  Jonas  Parker,  ^muel  Hadicy, 
Jonathan  Harrington,  Ifaac  Mvzzy^Caleb 
Harrington  and  John  Broun,  of  Lezing- 
too,  and  Afahcl  Porter,  of  Wnburn ; 
who  fell  on  this  field,  the  firft  vidbims  to 
the  fword  of  Britifli  tyranny  and  opprei- 
£on,on  the  morning  qf.the  ever  memgra- 
blc  nineteenth  of  April  A.  D.  1 7  75. 

The  die  was  Call  !  1 ! 
The  blood  of  thefe  martyrs,  in  the  eaufe 
of  God  and  their  country,  was  the  cement 
of  the  Union  of  thefe  States,  ihcn  colo- 
nies, and  gave  the  fpring  to  the  fpirits, 
Jrmnefs  and  refolution  of  their  f(.Uuw 
citizens." 

Leyden,  a  pofl  town,  Oneida  co.N.York, 
530  mites  li'E  from  Walliington. 

Ltgden^  IPtownfhip  in  Hampfhirc  co. 
JMafTachufetts,  between  Colerain  and 
Bernarddon,  29  miles  from  Northampton, 
the  ihire  town,  and  100  N  W  of  Budon. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  con- 
tains 1095  inhabitants. 

Lezarty  an  Indian  nation,  who  inhabit 
between  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  and  Wa- 
bafli  rivers.  They  can  furniih  300  war- 
liors. 

Liberty,  %  port  town  of  Virginia,  15 
miles  from  New  London,  35  from  Fin- 
cafbJe,  40  from  Franklin  court  lioufe, 
6.f  from  Martinfburg.  This  is  x\\t 
chief  town  of  Bedford  county,  and  has 
a  handfome  court  houfe,  and  eontaink 
^0  or  60  houfes. 

Liberty,  a  county  of  Georgia,  bounded 
N  by  Brian,  S  by  Macintofli,  W  by  Alata- 
maha,  N  E  by  the  ocean.  It  is  40  miles 
lonjT,  %%  broad.  Cotton  and  riee  arc 
raifed  here,  An  acre  produces  aj  or  30 
bufliels  of  corn.  The  inhabitants  were 
the  iSrll  in  the  (latCi  who  declared  for 


Liberty,  and  fcnt  a  delegate  to  the  con-' 
grefs  at  Philadelphia  ;  licncr  the  name 
of  the  county.  It  is  divided  into  5  towns 
and  contains  5313  inhdhitants,  of  whoni 
3940  are  in  flavcry.  Odd  as  it  may  ftcm, 
(lavcry  c xiib  in  Liberty  county. 

Liberty,  a  port  town  of  Maryland,  lit- 
uatcd  in  Frederick  co.  12  miles  N  £  of 
Frederickftown,  and  iibout  44  NN  W  of 
the  Federal  City.  Copper  mines  liavc 
been  found  near  this  town,  and  have 
been  worked ;  but  to  xio  great  extent  at 
yet. 

Litclttnau,  a  Moravian  fcttlcmcnt  on 
the  E  fide  of  Mufltingum  river,  3  mile* 
below  Giifchachguenk  ;  but  as  the  wat« 
riors  pafTcd  conftantly  through  this  place, 
it  was  forfaken,  and  they  rcmovtd  to  Sa- 
lem, 5  miles  below  Gnadenhuettir.. 

.^;Vi,  aname  by  which  i'uit  fprings  arc 
called  in  the  wcftern  parts  of  tJie  Unittd 
States.    See  Big  Bone  Lid. 

Lit:ting,  a  navigable  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  rifts  on  the  weftcrn  confines  rl 
Virginia;  interlocks  with  the  head  waters 
of  Kentucky  river  ;  runs  in  a  N  \V  di- 
recSliitn,  upwards  of  180  mile's,  and  by  a 
mouth  150  yards  wide  through  the  8 
4}aok  of  Oliio  river,  oppofitc  Fwrt  Wafli- 
ington.  Upon  this  river  are  iron  works, 
aud  numerous  fait  fpriugs.  Its  principal 
branch  is  navigable  nearly  70  miles. 
From  Limeflonc  to  this  river,  the  country 
is  very  rich,  and  covered  with  cane,  ryc- 
grafs,  and  natural  clover. 

.Ligonier,  Fort,  lies  on  the  road  from 
Philadelphia  to  Pittfburg  ;  266  oiiles 
from  the  former  and  j4  from  th«*  latter, 
and  9  miles  troni  the  £  fide  of  Laurel 
Hill. 

LigotitoH,  a  poll  town  of  Amelia  co  Vir- 
ginia, 202  miles  from  WaOiington. 

Liguanea,  mountains  in  the  idand  of 
Jamaica.  At  the  foot  of  thefe  in  St.  An- 
drew's pariHi,  about  6  n\iles  from  King- 
fton,  is  the  moll  magnificent  botanical 
garden  in  the  world.  It  was  eftabliflied 
in  J773,  under  the  fandtion  of  the  afTem- 
bly.  The  fortune  of  war  having  thrown 
into  Lord  Rodney's  hands  many  rare 
plants,  he  prefentcd  to  his  favoured  i^ 
and  plants  of  the  genuine  cinamnn,  the 
mango,  bread  fruit,  and  other  oriental 
pradu(5tions  ;  which  are  now  become 
common  in  the  ifland.     See  CoU  Spring 

Lilly  Point,  Kiug  William  co.  Virginia* 
Here  is  a  port  olTice,  134  miks  from 
■y^afliington. 

Lima,  the  middle  dlviflcn  of  Pern,  ia 
i^  Aiaerica.    It  hat  Quito  N,  the  inouu> 

uinc 


!!l 


\  .-,' 


m 


'-mu 


ii 


LIM 


LIU 


tain*  called  Amlci  E,  the  audience  of  Los 
Charcot  S,  and  the  Pacific  ocean  W. 
'I'here  arc  many  wild  hearts  in  the  audi- 
ence. 

Lima,  the  capital  of  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
i»  alio  called  Los  Reyes,  or  the  City  of 
Kings,  and  is  the  emporium  of  this  part  of 
the  world.  It  was  founded  by  Don  Fran- 
cifco  Pizarro  on  the  i8t!i  of  January, 
^5M!  ;  is  Tituated  in  alargc,fp;icious,  and 
fertile  plain,  called  the  valley  of  Rimac, 
ofi  the  S  fide  of  the.  river  Rimac,  which 
runs  wertward.  M'he  lameofLima  being 
«)nly  a  corrupt  pronunciation  of  the  Indian 
word,  which  is  derived  from  an  idol  to 
which  the  Indaas  and  their  Yncas  ufed 
to  facritice.  I'his  idol  '.-•einij;  fuppofed  to 
retUiTH anrwcrj  to  the  pvaycis  offered  to  it, 
they  cidled  it,  by  way  of  ^iftindlion,  Ri- 
mac, i.  e.  the  fpeaker.  It  is  fo  well  w.iter- 
ed  by  the  river  Rimec,  that  the  inliabit- 
ants  command  a  ftrc-m,  each  for  his  own  ■ 
life.  The  N  fide  of  tlie  town  runs  nearly 
clofeto,  the  river  for  the  length  of  about 
lo  furlongs.  At  about  j  of  this  fpace, 
from  the  weftern  extent,  an  elegant  ftone 
bridge  of  4  or  5  arches  is  built  acrofs  the 
river  leading  S,  about  200  yards  to  the 
great  fqunre,  of  which  the  fide  is.  about 
140  yards.  The  ftreet  contLnues  S  from 
the  bridge,  for  near  a  mile,  having  parallel 
ftreetsi  8  to  the  W,  and  6  to  the  E,  bcfide 
other  flreets  which  run  obliquely  S  eaft- 
ward.  The  15  fWets,  running  N  and  S, 
are  croffed  by  8  others,  running  E  and 
W,  beficlei  I'evcral  to  the  foathward,  not 
parallel  to.  the  former,  and  others  in  the 
eaUem.  parts,  which  have  different  direc- 
tioas.  The  figure  of  the  town  is  nearly 
quadrilateral.  A  diagonal  line  nmning  E 
and  W,  would  be  18  furlonga  in  length  ; 
and  the  fouthern  perpendicular,  about  7 
furlongs,  and  the  northern  about  4  fur- 
longs ;  fo.  that  the  city  (lands  on  a  fpace 
of  ground,  nearly  equal  to  a  mile  and  a, 
<juarter  fquare.  The  northern  fide  for 
about  .1  quarters  of  a  mile  neit  the  river, 
is  fortiiied  moftly  by  redans  ;  the  reft  of 
the  circuit  is  enclofetl  with  ^4  hollow  baf- 
tions  and  their  intermediate  curtains. 
The  whole  is  faced  with  a  brick  wall,  and 
furrounded  with  a  ditch, but  has  no  cover- 
ed way,  glacis  nor  outwork-Si.  Eight  gates, 
befide  ti>;it  a''  the  bridge,  furnilli  a  com- 
munication with  tiie  adjacent  country. 
The  city  (lands  about  6  miles  from  Callao, 
which  is  the  feaport  to  Lima,  and  i8o  N 
W  of  Gunmanga.  The  white  people  in 
Lima  a»e  eftimated  at  about  1,5,000,  and 
tte  whole  number  of  inhabitant*  are  about 


60,000,  or  .TH.coo  according  to  Pjnkertofl.' 
One  remarkable  fadl  is  fudicient  to  de- 
monftrate  the  wealth  of  this  city.  When 
the  viceroy,  the  Duke  de  la  Palada,  made 
his  entry  into  Lima,  in  1683,  the  inhabit- 
ants to  do  him  honour,  caiifed  the  flreets 
to  be  paved  with  ingots  of  (ilver,  amount- 
ing to  1 7  millions  (lerling.  All  travellers 
fpeak  with  amazement  of  the  decorations 
of  the  churches  with  gold,  lilver,  and 
precious  (loncs,  which  load  and  ornament 
even  the  walls.  The  only  Uung  that  could 
jurtify  thefe  accounts,  is  the  immenfe 
riches  and  extenfive  commerce  of  the  in- 
habitants. The  merchants  cf  Lima  mar 
be  faid  to  deal  with  all  the  quarters  of  the 
world ;  and  that  both  on  their  own  ac- 
count, and  as  fa<ftors  for  others.  Here,  all 
tl\e  produdlions  of  the  (buthcrn  province* 
are  conveyed,  in  order  to  be  exchangedL 
at  the  harbour  of  Lima,  for  fuch  articles 
an  the  inhabitants  jf  Peru  ftand  in  need  of. 
The  fleet  from  Europe  and  the  £.  Indies 
land  at  the  fame  harbour  ;  and  the  com- 
modities of  Afia,  Europe,  and  America, 
are  there  bartered  for  each  other.  But 
all  ihe  Wealth  of  the  inhabitants,  all  the 
beauty  of  the  (ituation,  and  the  fertility 
of  the  climate  of  Lima,  are  infufilcient  to 
compenfate  for  the  dil'ader  which  threat- 
ens, and  has  fometimes  ai^ually  bcfallcK 
them.  Earthquakes  are  very  frequenu 
Since  the  year  158%,  there  have  happen- 
ed about  15  cf.ncu(rions,  befide  that  on 
the  28th  of  Odluber,  1746,  at  half  an  hour 
after  10  at  night,  5  hours  aMrite  quarters 
before  the  full  of  the  moonspwhich  be- 
gan with  fuch  violence,  that  in  little  more 
than  3  minutes,  the  greatert  part,  if  not  all 
tbc  buildings,  great  and  Cnall,  in  the  whole 
city,  were  dcrtroyed  ;  burying  under  their 
ruins  thofe  inhabitants  who  had  not  made 
fufGcient  hafte  into  the  ftreets  and  fquares, 
the  only  probable  places  of  fafety  in  thofe 
terrible  cpnvullions  of  naluie.  At  length 
the  dreadful  effedb  of  the  firft  (hock  ceaf- 
ed,  but  the  tranquility  was  of  (hort  dura- 
tion ;  concuflBons  returning  fo  repeated- 
ly, that  the  inhabitants,  according  to  the 
account  fent  of  it,  computed  aco  in  the 
firft  14  hoiirs  ;  and  to  the  34th  of  Febru- 
ary, the  follawiug  year,  i747i  when  the 
nhrrative  was  dated,  no  left  than  450 
(liocks  were  obferved  ;  fome  of  which,  if 
lefs  permanent,  were  equal  to  the  firft  in 
violence.  The  fort  of  Calhio,  at  the  very 
fame  hour,  tumbled  into  ruing.  But  what 
it  fuffcrcd  from  the  earthquake  in  its 
buildings,  wa«  iiiconfiderable  when  coin- 
pa;cd  with  the  terrible  cataftrophc  which 

followed 


LIM 

fD!1ow«{].     For  the  fca,  as  i»  ufual  ob  fucli 
nccaflons,  recediii];  to  a  confidcrable  dif- 
tance,  returned  ia  mountainous  waves, 
foaming  with  the  violence  of  t)ie  ngiti- 
tion,  and  fuddenly  overwiieimed  Callao 
and  the  neighbouring  country.     This  was 
not,  however,    performed   by    the   firft 
fuelling  of  the  waves ;  for  tlie  fea  retir- 
ing further,  returned  with  ftill  greater 
impetuolity,  the  ftupendoiis  water  cover- 
ing both  the  walls  and  other  buildings  of 
the  place  ;  fo  that  whatever  had  tfraped 
tlie  firft,  was  now  totally  overwhelmed 
by  thofe  terrible  mountains  of  waves  ; 
and  nothing  remained,  except  a  piece  of 
the  wall  of  the  fort  of  Santa  Crur.as  a  me- 
morial of  this  terrible  dcvaftation.     Here 
were  then  2^  fliips  and  vcflcis,  great  and 
fmall,  in  the  harbour,  of  which  19  were 
funk,  and  the  other  4,  among  which  was 
a  frigate  called  St.  Fcrmin,  carried  by 
the  force  of  the  waves  to  a  confidcrable 
diftance    up    the    country.     See    Callao, 
This   terrible    inundation   extended    to 
other  parts  of  the  coafl,  as  Cavalloa   and 
Guanape  ;  the  towns  of  Cliancay,  Guau- 
ra,  and  the  valliea  Delia  Baranco,  Sape, 
and  Fativilca,  underwent  the  fame   fate 
as  the  city  of  Lima.     According  to  an  ac- 
count fent  to  Lima  nfter  this  accident,  a 
volcano  in  Lucanos  burft  foith  the  fame 
night,  and  ejedled  fuch  quantities  (;f  wi» 
ter,  that  the   whole  country  was  over- 
flown ;  and  in  the  mountain  near  Patas, 
called  Converfiones  de  Caxaniarquilla,  3 
other  VoIcaqi||it>burri,dircharging  fright- 
ful torrents  cQwater  ;  and  in  the   fame 
manner  as  that  of  Carguayraflb.    Lima  is 
the  fee  of  an  archbifliop,  and  the  feat  of 
an  univerfity.    The  inhabitants  are  very 
debauched ;  and  the  monks  and  nuns,  of 
whom  there  arc  great  numbers,  are  no 
more   chafte  than  the    reft  of  the  in- 
habitants.    If  any  one  happens  to  rival 
a  monk,   he  is  in  danger  of  his  life,  for 
they  always    carry    daggers    concealed. 
Lima,  according  to  feveral  obfervations 
made  for  that  purpofe,  (lands  in  lat.  i% 
431  S,  and  its  Ion.  is  75  5  a  W.     The  va- 
riation of  the  needle  is  9  i  30  eafterly. 

Limit,  a  village  in  theN  Wpart  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  7  leagues  W  by  S 
of  Cape  Francois. 

Lime,  a  town  in  Grafton  co  N.  Hamp- 
I  <hire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Conneiilicut  R. 
II  miles   N  of  Dartmouth  College,  and 
I  has  1318  inhabitants. 

LimericiySi  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
[near  the  confluence  of  I^ittle  Oflipee  R. 
I  with  Saco,aDd  oppoUte  Gorham.   -It  was 


LIN 

incorporated  in  1787,  and  has  99^'  in« 
habitants. 

Limerict,  a  townfl>ip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pcnnfylvani.»,  has  999  inhHliir;iiit:<. 

Limtji'jne  Creek,  in  Teneflce,  is  the  N  S 
branch  of  NoKichucky  river.  It  riles  z:^ 
miles  S  of  Long  llland  in  Holfton  rivtr. 

Limejlone,  a  pofl  town  in  Kentucky,  on 
the  S  (ide  of  Ohio  river,  and  on  the  W 
fide  of  th'j  mouth  of  a  fmall  crtck  of  its 
name.  It  (lands  on  a  lofty  and  uneven 
bank,  and  is  not  fcen  from  the  river  until 
one  is  within  a  miles  of  it.  This  is  the 
uAial  landing  place  for  people  coming 
down  ill  boats,  who  mean  to  fettle  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  Hate;  and  here  the 
champaign  country  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
river  begins.  It  is  4  miles  N  E  of  the 
town  of  Wafhington,  45  S  W  of  Fort 
Walliington,  44  S  W"  by  S  of  Bourbon- 
town,  and  500  miles  below  Pittlburg.  N 
lat.  38  40,  W  ion.  84  T7. 

Limin-rton,  a  town  in  York  CO.  Maine, 
bounded  N  and  Eby  Saco  river,  30  miles 
N  of  York. 

Limonjde,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingoj 
4  leagues  S  W  of  fort  Dauphine.     N  lat. 

19.37- 
Lincoln,  a  maritime  county  of  Maine  ; 

bounded  N  by  Kennebcck  co.  S  by  the 
ocean,  E.  by  Hancock  co.  and  W  by  that 
of  Cumberland.  Its  fea  coaft  extend;*  from 
that  part  of  Penobfcot  Bay,  oppofite  to 
Deer  Ifland  caflward,  to  Cape  Small 
Point  weflward.  The  population  amounts' 
to  30,100  fouls.  The  fea  coaft  of  the 
counties  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln  Is 
100 miles  in  extent,  meafured  in  aftraight 
line,  but  is  faid  to  be  above  200  by  the 
courfe  of  the  waters.  It  abounds  with 
fafe  and  commodious  harbours  ;  and  the 
whole  fhore  is  covered  by  a  line  of  iflands, 
among  which  vefl'els  may  generally  an- 
chor in  fafety.  There  are  in  thefe  coun- 
ties many  large  rivers,  fome  of  them  nav- 
igable far  up  the  country ;  and  althougk 
navigation  for  large  veflcis  is  interrupted 
by  falls,  when  far  up  the  rivers,  yet  above 
the  falls,  there  is  plenty  of  water  for 
boats,  nearlv  to  the  fource  of  the  rivers ; 
and  by  the  fakes  and  ponds  and  branches 
of  the  rivers,  there  is  a  water  ccnimuni- 
catinn,  with  few  interruptions,  frpm  the 
weftern  to  the  e^tftern  bounds,  acrofs  the 
country,  above  the  centre  of  it.  By  thi»' 
route  itsprodudlions  may,  at  a  fmall  ex- 
pcnfe,  be  tranfportcd  to  the  different  fea- 
ports.  Chief  towns,  Wifcaflct,  Waldo* 
borough,  »nd  Warren. 

Liiitila, 


m 


LIN 

t'lHcftn  Cannty,  U.  Canada,  ij  divided  in- 
to 4  nJiugs ;  the  firfl  ridir.^  is  boftndcd 
on  the  W  by  the  cuunty  of  York  ;  on 
the  S  by  the  Grand  River,  called  the 
Oiiie  ;  thence  defccnding  th:»t  river  unt'l 
it  meets  an  Indian  ro:id  icidin};  to  the 
forks  of  the  Chippewa  Crctk,  now  called 
^hc  Welland  ;  thence  defccnding  that 
creek  until  it  meets  the  late  townfltip  No. 
j  ;  thence  N  along  the  faid  hounJ.iry  un* 
.t,il  it  interfedls  lake  Oatar-o ;  and  thence 
along  the  S  fliorc  of  lake  Ontario,  until  it 
.meets  the  S  E  l>oiuidaryof  the  county  of 
York.  The  fccond  riding  is  bounded  ou 
the  W  by  the  firft  riding  :  on  the  N  by 
;  lake  Ontario  ;  on  the  E  by  the  river  Ni- 
agara ;  and  on  the  S  by  the  northeru 
boundary  of  the  late  tuvvniliips  No.  i, 
No.  9  and  No.  lo.  The  tl\ird  riding  is 
bounded  on  the  £  by  the  river  Niagara ; 
on  the  S  by  the  Chippewa  or  Welland  ; 
on  the  W  by  the  catt^rn  boundary  oi  the 
firfl  riding  ;  and  on  the  "H  by  the  foiuh- 
^rn  boundary  of  the  fccond  ridi;)g.  The 
fourth  riding  is  bounded  onahe  £  by  the 
river  Ni^^atii ;  un  the  S  by  lake  Erie 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  River,  or 
Oufc  ;  thence  up  that  river  to  the  road 
leading  from  the  Oufe  to  the  forks  of  the 
Chipucva  or  Welland,  and  on  the  N  by 
'the  Uiid  road  until  it  ftrikcs  the  forks  of 
the  Weljand,  and  thence  down  the  Wel- 
I»nd  to  the  river  Niiigara.  The  fourth 
i;iding  includes  the  itiands  comprifed 
vfithio  the  eafternmofl  boundaries  of  the 
^iver  Niagara.  The  whole  county  is  di- 
vided into  ao  town(Iiip3,  containing  about 
<$ooo  fouls,  and  furnifhing  5  battallions 
ot  militia.  Nineteen  covered  waggons 
with  families  came  in  to  fettle  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  in  June, 

J  799. 

Lineeh,  a  county  of  Morgan  diftri«St, 
K«  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  E  by  Iredell,  N 
W  by  Burke,  W  by  Rutherford,  apd  E  by 
Caharras.  It  contains  12,568  inhabitants, 
cf  whom  1479  are  Haves.  |iere  are  min- 
eral fprings  and  mines  of  iron.  A  fur- 
nace and  forge  have  been  cre<Sted,  which 
carry  on  the  manufatSure  of  pig,  bar 
iron,  &.C.    Chief  town,  Lincolntown. 

L'uicoIh,  a  CO.  of  Georgia,  formed  in 
X796,  containing  7  townfliips,  and  4766 
inhabitants,  of  whom  1433  3''^'  'I'^ves. 

LineolntoM,  in  the  above  co.  has  a  poft 
office,  636  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Zintoluvillf,  a  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  bay, 
including  the  late  plantations  of  Canaan, 
Ducktntp,  &c.  12  mikl  Srota.  Bdfaft. 


:L  I  s 

Zmm///,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  lioiinded  N 
by  Mercer,  N  Wby  Wailiingtoii,  N  t  by 
Madifun,  and  S  by  Logan,  tt  coiitulu* 
^SSS  inhabitants,  of  whom  1750  were 
Haves,  'i'hc  road  tiom  Danville  on  Ktii- 
lucky  river,  |)aflcs  through  it  S  wchtrly, 
and  over  Cumberland  '^untain  tu  Vir- 
ginia. 

XiVe/n,  a  town  in  Mercer  co.  Kentucky, 
on  the  E  lide  of  Dick's  river,  on  the  road 


It  is  I  z  mik'k 
N  \V  of  Ciab 


from  Danville,  to  Virginia. 
S  f.  of  Danville,  aud  11 
Orchard. 

Lineoiit,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N 
ilamplhire,  incorporated  iu  1764,  con- 
tains 41  inhabitants. 

Lincoln,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  £  part  of 
Addlion  cc.  Vermont,  it  has  97  iiih  ibit<. 
ants. 

LiiKiLtf  a  townfliip  in  Middlefcx  co. 
MuiTachufetts,  incorporat.cd  in  1754.  It 
contains  756  inhabitants,  and  is  (6  milet 
N  W  of  Boaon. 

Lincoln,  a  new  co.  of  Georgia,  Jaid  out 
in  1796,  from  Wilkes  co.  on  Savannah 
river,  between  Broad  and  Little  rivers. 

Lincolntown,  a  pod  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  Lincoln  co.  It  contains 
about  35  or  40  houfes,  a  court  boufe,  gaol, 
and  church.  It  is  46  miles  from  Mur- 
gantown,  159  fromJSalem,  and  718  S  by  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

Lindley,  a  village  pn  the  W  fide  of  ths 
Canawifque  branch  of  Tioga  R.  in  N. 
York,  a  miles  N  of  the  Peun^lvaoia  line, 
8S  WbySofthePaintdBKit,  64  S  E 
of  Hartford,  on  the  roauPRiagara. 

Linn,  a  townfliip  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  havmg  1 1 64  inhabitants. 

JJnneimofiet.     See  JDelatvares. 

Li/ion,  a  town  in  N.  London  co.  Con- 
ne(5licut,  lately  a  part  of  Norwich,  about 
7  miles  northerly  of  Norwich.  It  con- 
tains a  pariflies,  each  having  a  congrega- 
tional church.  It  lies  on  the  W  fide  of  | 
Qiuiicbaug  1^  and  £  of  Franklin,  and  hat 
Ii68inltabitants. 

Z^/ftsn,  a  village  of  York  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia, fituated  near  the  S  fide  of  Yelluw  I 
Breeches  creek,  which  falls  into  the  Suf-  { 
quehannah.     It  contains  about  15  houiiWi 
and  lies  18  miles  from  York. 

L'Jlon,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  (formerly  I 
part  of   Bo wdoin,  lately    Thompfonlbo- 
roagh)  aj  miles  W  of  Wifeaffett. 

Ll/li;,  a  port  town  in  Tioga  co.  N.  York; 
a  branch  of  Chenengo  R.  pafle&  through  I 
this  and  unites  with  the  Chenengo  in  th«  I 
S  £  corner  of  the  townfliip.    It  has  the  I 
town  vf  Cresflc  £,  and  Uoion  S,  and  I 


has  660  inlubita 
ington. 

Litcb/ielJ,  a  I 
Maine,  4  f  miles 
N  E  of  Uofton. 

LilcbfitlJ,  a  t< 
CO.  N.  Himpflii 
of  Merrimack  i 
«f  Portlinouth. 
and  in  1775  '* ' 
3J7.and  in  i8oc 

LtUhJi.-lJ,  3    po 

Conna^liciitjboii 

S  by  N.  Haven  a 

by  Hartford,   ar 

is  divided  into  a 

41.114  inhalijtan 

the  country  is  r 

'l*he  foil  is  fertile, 

wheat  and   IndiH 

fine  pafture.     It  i 

•tiaritimc  commc 

arc  almofl  univer 

Litcljitld,  the  c 

the  above  co.  fitu 

pfain.cxpofedtot 

Bat  enjoys  alfo  a  la 

Jng  breezes  of  fun 

fituation,  contain! 

paiadwellihghour 

inghoufc,and4i8 

"riles  W  of  Hartfi 

N.  Haven.     N  lat 

111  the  S  W  coriiii 

ah  high  hilj' called" 

eral  fmalf 

to  Great 

We  3  iron       _ 

beroffawandgrif 

Litchfield,  a  towi 

N.  Yorlc,  taken  fr< 

incorporated  in 

habitants. 

•  ■^'''«ijjO''  LfJita, 
L.incaft*  CO.  Per 
W'arwick  townflti 
fmall     flrcam,    wl 
tlirough  Coneftog 
^uehanna.     It  con 
chiefly  of  ftone, 
elegant   church  w 
The  fettUment  wa 
inhabited  by  the 
fDodeof  life  and 
tliofe  of  Bethlehe 
good  farm  andfev( 
"ig  to   the  place, 
habitants,  indudin 
Litiz  congregation 
'■theneighbourhs 


hilJ  called* 


Lit 

hai  660  Inlnbitanti,  404  miles  froni  Wafii- 
ington. 

LitchfielJ,  a  townihip  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  45  niileit  fnim  Hailowcll,  ;ind  230 
N  Eof  Uoftnn.     It  hat  1044  inhabitant*. 

LiubftU,  a  townihip  in  HilWborough 
CO.  N.  Himpfliire,  fttuitcd  on  the  E  fide 
of  Merrimack  river,  about  34  miles  W 
«f  Portfraouth.  It  wa«  fettled  in  1749. 
and  in  1775  it  contained  284,  in  1790, 
3J7,and  in  i8oo,  372  inhabitants. 

Lit^hfi.-lJ,  3  populous  and  hilly  co.  of 
Connccliciit;  bounded  Nby  Miflachufctts, 
S  by  N.  Haven  and  Fairfield  countic«,  E 
by  Hartford,  and  W  by  N.  York.  It 
ia  divided  into  20  towndiips,  containing 
41,114  inhaBitants.  The  general  face  of 
the  country  is  rough  and  itiDuntainous. 
'I*he  foil  is  fertile,  yielding  large  crops  of 
wheat  and  Indinn  corn,  and  aflTording 
ine  pafture.  It  is  feparate  entirWvfrom 
maritime  commerce,  and  the  inhabitants 
arc  almofl  univerfally  farmer?.' 

Lttdjiild,  the  chief  and  pofl  town  of 
the  above  co.  fituated  upon  ah  elevated 
plain,  cxpofed  to  the  cold  winds  of  winter, 
Bat  enjoys  alfo  a  large  fliarc  of  thfe  refrefli- 
ing  breezes  of  fummer.  It  is  a  handfome 
fituation,  containing  about  60  or  yocom- 
padtdwellihghoufes,  acourt  lioufc,amcct- 
ing  houfe,  and  4185  inhabitant*.  It  is  32 
miles  W  of  Hartford,  and  42  N  N  W  of 
N.  Haven.  N  lat.  41  46,  W  Ion.  73  37. 
Ih  the  S  \V  corolr  of  thetowndiip  (lands 
ah  high  hiircallcit  Mount  Tom.  On  fev- 
eral  fmall  QMHi*>  fome  of  which  fall  in- 
fo Great  F^^E  beautiful  Hieet  of  water, 
are  3  iroii  wVp,  an  nil  mill,  and  a  mtm- 
ber  of  faw  and  grid  mills. 

Litchfield,  a  townfliip  in  Hcrkemifr  «>. 
1^.  York,  taken  frotri  German  Flats,  and 
hiborporated  in  1796.  It'  has  T97S  in- 
iiabitanta. 

Litixtfir  LfJitz,  i  village  or  town  in 
LancafuT  co.  Pennfylvania,  fituated  in 
Warwick  towndtip,  on  the  S  fide  of  a 
tmall  dream,  which  fends  its  wr.ttfrs 
tlirougb  Conedoga  creek  into  the  Suf- 
^uehnana.  It  contains  about  50  hnufes 
chiefly  of  ftone,  a  ftone  tavern,  and  an 
elegant  church  with  a  ftecple  and  bell. 
The  fettUment  was  l>egun  in  1757.  It  is 
iahabited  by  the  United  Brethren,  whofe 
mode  of  life  and  cuftoms  are  fimilar  to 
thofc  of  Bethlehem.  There  is  alfo  a 
good  farm  and  fcvcral  mill  works  belong- 
ing to  the  place.  The  number  of  in- 
habitants, including  thofe  tliat  belong  to 
Liiiz  congregation,  living  on  their  farms 
i»thcneighbpUrh»od,  aoioimted  in  1787, 


Lir 


to  tipwards  of  300.     It  is  R  mile?  Jf  of 
Lancafter.and  66  W  by  Nof  Phil  .delphia. 

Litlle  A(jro/ijuini,  Indians  who  inhabit 
nc4r  the  Three  Rivers,  and  can  raife 
about  10?  warriors. 

Liltltb'jrnuj^h,  Maine,  noW  Z.v,/r. 

L'lile  Britain,  a  pod  i.iwn,  Orange  c(^ 
N.  York,  294  mile*  fron.  Wafliinijton. 

Little  Britiiin,  a  townQiip  in  I..tiieadec> 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  having  ijOj;  inliabit- 
ants.  Alfo  a  toxvufliip  in  Chericr  co.  in 
the  fame  date. 

Z-VrVfiWy^rta,  a  townfliipinNewportcO/ 
Rhode  Illand,  bounded  N  by  Tiverton  f 
S  by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  where  are  Sca- 
konnct  rocks  ;  W  by  the  E  paQoge  into 
Mount  Hope  Bay  ;  and  E  by  Maflachu- 
fetta.  It  contaiuH  1577  inhabitants.  It 
was  called  SfcoHnet  or  Sciionnrt  by  the 
ludians,  and  is  faid  to  he  the  bed  culti- 
vated townflijiMtrthe  date,  and  adbrd* 
greater  quantities  of  meat,  butter,  chccfc, 
vegetables  &c.  than  any  other  town  of 
its  4ize.  The  inhabitants  arc  very  induf- 
triouR,  and  manufai!ture  linon  and  to\ir 
cloth,  flannel.^,  &c.  of  an  ercellent  quality 
and  in  confiderablc  quantities  for  fair. 

LtHi'e  Eirg  Htrboyr,  a  port  of  entry  on  . 
theE  coad  of  N.  Jcrfcy,  comprehending 
all  the  fliorcs,bays  and  creeks  from  Batn- 
cgat  Inlet  to'Brigantine  Inlet,  bv)th  in- 
clufive.  Tli€  town  of  Tuchrton  is  tlie 
port  of  entry  for  this  didrit!);.     See  Egg. 

Little  Fort,  in  the  N.W. territory,  dands  , 
on  the  S  W  bank  of  lake  Michigan,  and 
on  the  S  fide  of  Old   Fort  river,  whick 
runs  a  N  cadcrn  courfe  into  the  lake.  See 

Little  HjrUur,     See    Pifcataqvir.     It    '* 
near  the    mouth  of    Pifcataqua  riv  ■ 
about  a  mile    from  Portfm<juth»  in  N, 
Hampfhirc.    Afettlement  was  attemptetf' 
here  in  1623. 

Little  Xi'frcatiHa.     See  AfKutlna, 

LiH/'e  Pelican.     See  Pelican. 

Little  River,  in  Georgia,  is  a  beaiitifuT 
and  rapid  river,and  at  its  confluence  vvith 
Savannah  river,  is  about  jO  yards  widc> 
On  a  branch  of  Little  river,  is  the  towa 
of  WrighlJboroiigh.  Alfo  a  river  whicik 
feparatcs,  in  part.  N.  and  S.  Carolina. 

Little  Pivcr,  a  plantation  in  Kenncbeck 
CO.  Maine. 

Little  Rocks,  on  the  N  W  hank  of  Illi- 
nois river,  arc  fituated  60  miles  from  the 
Forks,  270  from  the  Milfifippi,  and  4;^  S 
Wof  Fox  river.  The  S  W  end  of  thefc 
rocks  lifs  nearly  oppofitc  to  the  mouttt 
of  Vermillion  river,  and  the  ^  fmall  pond* 
where  the  Ffcnch  and  Indians  hjjvc  made 

good 


11,1  ■' 


I 


■r   i 


•^     !■ 


liOQ 


LON 


g(xod  fait,  lie  oppoQte  the  N  H  cimI.  A  coal 
ntinc  it4lt'a  >nilc  long,  cxtciiJit  ulun^  the 
tank  ut'  the  river  abuvc  tlicic  rock  t. 

Little  SoJiit,  a  harbour  of  L.  Ontario, 
jS  miles  S  of  Ofwego. 

Liiiliiui,  a  pofl  towii  iki  Middlerex  co. 
MafTachufettk,  a8  miles  N  W  of  Buiion, 
coiltainin;;904  inhabitantH. 

LllttetoH,  a  pod  town  in  Grafton  coi  N. 
llampfliire,  (a  part  of  Aplhorpc)  wa* 
incorporated  in  1784,  and  contains  381 
inhabitants.  It  lies  on  Conncdlicut  riv- 
er, below  the  i|  mile  Falls,  aiid  nearly 
ufipolite  ConcoriS  in  Vermont. 

Littleton,  now  Water/urd,  a  townfllip  111 
Caledonia  CO.  Verrtiont,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Connecticut  river,  oppojite  the  15  mile 
Talis,  and  contains  565  inhabitants. 

Li<Oermore,  a  town  iu  Cumberland  en. 
Maitie,  fituated  on  both  fides  of  Andro- 
Ic'og^Jin  tivcr,  I9  miles  N  W  of  tialiuwcll, 
lias  86 j  inhabitants.  I'hirty  mile  dream, 
which  is  the  outlet  of  the  Amercfkoggeii 
crcut  ponds,  falls  into  the  Great  Aincrtf^ 
koggen  riVer  on  its  £  fide  in  this  town. 

Liverpce/,  a  town  on  the  S  lide  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  in  Queen's  co.  Nova 
titotia,  fettled  from  New  England.  Rof- 
ii^rnol,  A  eoullderahle  lake  lies  between 
this  toivn  and  Annapolis.  It  is  33  miles 
N  E  sf  Shelburne^  and  58  N  W  of  Hali- 
fax. It  was  formerly  called  Pvrt  RaJtanoU. 
LivtHgJloH,  a  l.trge  townfliip  in  Colum- 
bta  CO.  N.  York,  extending  from  the  E 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  to  the  MaiTachu- 
fctts  line,  S  of  Hudfon  adjoining.  It 
contains  7405  iuhabitaitts ;  of  whom 
ai.^  arc  Haves. 

Llvinejions  Creel,  a  confiJerable  branch 
of  N  W,  an  arm  of  Cape  Fear  river. 
I'his  creek  heads  in  vaft  fwamps  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  beautiful  lake  Wauknma. 
Livin^on,  a  co.  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
N  by  the  Ohio,  W  by  the  Mifli^ppi,  S  by 
TeneiTce.  It  is  70  miles  long,  (>:>  brqad. 
Its  principal  rivers  are  the  Cumberland 
and  TcneHee.  It  contains  2787  inhabit- 
ants, 444  of  thefe  arc  (laves. 

Loiot,  iflands  on  the  coad  of  Brazil. 
Tlte  fouthernmofl  iflarid  is  in  lat.  6  27  S. 
Oncottiiefe  iflands  obtains  the  name  of 
Lobot  I't  la  titer  ;  the  Other,  which  lies  to 
the  N  of  it,  and  very  like  it  in  (hapc  and 
appearance  is  called  Lobet  de  tierra. 

Luie,a.  military  town  in  Milton  town- 
fliip, N.York,  in  Onondago  co.  13  miles 
N  E  of  the  S  end  of  Cayuga  lake.     See 

Milton. 

Loeinrtjitit!^,  a  town  in  Luzerne  county, 
PennfylvAuiiii  nruj|ed  uo    i^a  jlthmui 


formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sufqne- 
hiiana  and  'I'io^ri  rivers,  about  h  mile 
above  their  junClioii.  '1  iicre  wrrc  in 
1 796  but  tew  hotifes  built,  but  it  proinifct 
to  be  a  place  ot  impdrtanci',  as  botlk  the 
rivcr4  are  navigable  lOr  many  miles  into 
the  n^te  of  N.  York.  It  is  4  miles  b  of 
the  N.  York  liiK,  48  W  oi  Harmony, 
and  ^0  above  WMkiburre. 

Lofiuj'  Htlghti,  in  Adams  co.  Miffifippi 
territory,  the  barrier  poll  in  the  S  \V  cor- 
ner of  the  Ui  States  on  the  £  iide  of  the 
Miflilippi,  about  40  irtiles  below  Natchez 
and  1291  from  Wafliington.  'J'hc  grounds 
within  the  fwecp  of  the  furtificationH  are 
H  fut  of  pitSturefqut:  and  beautifully  varied 
heights,  capable  of  a  great  diverfity  of 
fortification,  but,  high  above  the  reft, 
Aauds  Mount  Wafliington,  on  which  the 
citadel  will  be  ci'cdted.  This  eminence 
commands  a  view  whufe  circle  is  at  lead 
.^o  leagues,  bifutfled  by  the  Miflil'ippi  riv- 
fer  ;  it  overlooks,  and  all  but  overhangs,  a 
water  battery.  Its  dillancc  from  high 
ivater  mark  is  863  feet,  and  its  elevation 
above  it  a9,?  fe«t.  The  river  diredUy  op- 
pofite  the  fallient  angle  of  the  water  bat- 
tery is  689  yards  wide,  and  line  enough 
has  not  yet  been  let  down  to  difcover  its 
depth.  The  plan  of  thefe  works,  wheri 
complete,  will  prel'ent  the  handforacflt 
military  profpeift  ill  the  United  States. 
Here  is  a  pod  oflice. 

Logan,  a  county  in  iIml  State  of  Ken- 
tucky, containing  4870  Jnnabitants,  730 
are  flavcs.  <MMi 

Loif/lown,  on  the  W  fid^^Be  Ohio,  i 
of  Butlei'sTown,  and  i8n^||||[^om  Pittl« 
burgh. 

Logwood  Country,  lies  N  W  of  the  Mof- 

S[uito  Shore,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  and  extends  from  Vera  Paz  to 
Yucatan  from  15  i-z  to  18  i-i  N  lat. 
The  whole  coafl  is  overfpread  with  iflots, 
keys  and  flioals,  and  the  iiavigatio)^  is  in- 
tricate. 

£utdon,  the  iownjtip  of,  U.  Canada,  is  fit- 
v:i|^  on  the  main  fork  of  the  river 
I'lM^ncs,  iu  a  ctntral  fituation  from  the 
\:\\iii  Erie,  Huron,  and  Ontario,  and  con- 
lidered  by  Gen.  Simcoe,  as  the  proper 
place  for  the  feat  of  governtvent.  hs  iit- 
uation  offers  many  flrikiiig  advantages  for 
the  capital  of  the  province,  and  around  it 
is  a  large  tradt  of  excellent  land..  It  com* 
municates  with  lake  St.  Clair  and  the  De- 
troit, by  the  river  Thames ;  with  lake 
Huron  by  the  northern,  or  main  bra  -.ch 
of  the  Thames  and  a  fmall  portage  ;  and 
wiill  the  Oufe,  and  Uke  Ontario  by  the 

military 


!( 


is  fit- 
river 
om  tli» 
,nd  con- 
proper 
Its  fit- 
ages  for 
round  it 
It  com- 
the  De- 
th  lake 
bra  '.ch 
e ;  and 
by  the 
■miUtary 


"      LON 

military  way  etXM  Dundai  Are#t.  It  i  i 
aire  wclllitualcd  for  health, bainf  plenti- 
fully Aipplitd  (by  fmall  ftreama  and 
fprinp,)  with  the  puneft  water.  It  a- 
bOundi  with  black  and  white  walnut, 
cherry,  bafi,  elnt,  hickory, beech,  ath,and 
many  other  kinds  of  timber.        Smyib. 

LmiJoH,  a  town  in  Ann  Arundel  co. 
Maryland,  5  miles  S  W  of  Annapolis. 

L»nd(m  Ctvt,  a. narrow  water  of  I'Ong 
Idand  Sound,  which  fets  up  N  into  the 
townfliip  of  New  London,  4  miles  W  of 
the  mouth  of  I'hames  river.  Millftone 
Point  feparattes  it  (torn  another  much 
broader  on  the  W,  acrofs  which  is  a  hand- 
feme  bridge,  with  a  draw,  at  Rope 
Ferry. 

Londdnitrry,  a  poll  town  in  Rockinjiham 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  near  the  head  of  Nea- 
rer river,  which  empties  into  Merrira;u.k 
rirer,  at  Pawtuekct  Falls.  It  is  36  miles 
S  W  by  W  of  Port  (mouth.  Londonderry 
Wiis  fettled  in  1718,  and  incorporated 
X7a«,and  contains  2650  inhabitants.  The 
propic  are  moftly  the  del'cendants  of  emi- 
grants from  Ulllerco.  in  Ireland,  original- 
ly from  Scotland,  and  attend  largely  to 
tne  manufaiSlure  of  linen  cloth  and  thread, 
and  make  confiderable  quantities  for  iaic. 
The  town  is  much  indebted  to  them  for 
its  wealth  and  confequence. 

Lmirmderrj,  a  toWntbip  in  Halifax  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N  fide  of  Cobequid 
or  Colchefter  river,  about  ^o  miles  from 
its  mouth,  at  the  bafin  ol  Minas.  It  was 
fettled  by  the^  North  Irifli  and  Scotch. 

ZewAmferry,  aHownfhip,  in  the  N  W  part 
of  Windham  CO.  Vermont,  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  Weft  fiver,  about  33  miles  N  E  of 
Bennington  It  was  granted  March  16, 
1780.  Moofe  Mountain  extends  into 
the  £  part  of  this  town.  In  1795  the 
I  townlliip  of  Londonderry  was  divided 
I  into  two,  and  the  E  half  called  Windham^ 
the  W  half  retains  its  original  name. 

Londonderry,  two  towniliips  in  Pennfyl- 
Ivania,  onein  Dauphin  co.  with  1577  m- 
I  habitants ;  the  other  in  Somerl'et  co. 
I  haying  709  inhabitants. 

Londongrove,  a  townflup  in  Chefter  co. 
iPennfylvania,  931  inhabitants. 

Long  Bay,  extends  along  the  fhore  of  N. 
land  S.  Carolina,  from  Cape  Fear  to  the 
Imouthbf  Pedee  river. 

Long  Bay,  on  theS  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
I  Jamaica,  extends  from  Gutt  to  Swift  river, 
land  aflPords  anchorage  for  fmall  veffels. 
I  Long  Bay,  in  the  iQand  of  Barbadoes,  in 
Ithe  W  Indies,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
liftand,  havinz  St.  Jofeph's  river  S  E,  and 

K.r.  hi 


Pico  Teneriffli  N  W.  Another  bay  of 
the  fame  name  lies  on  the  S  end  of  the 
illand. 

Ltng  Biath,  on  lake  Ontario,  U.  Cana- 
da, the  wcilerumoft  point  of  which  is  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Dur- 
ham and  York,  and  between  the  town- 
Ibips  of  Darlington  and  Whitby. 

Long  IJIand,  in  Penobfcot  bay.  See 
IJIrJhoroiigb. 

Long,  or  Eif^bteen  mile  Btach,  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Jerfey,  lies  between  Little 
Egg  harbour  inlet  and  that  of  Darnegal. 

Long  If  and,  formerly  called  Munhattan^ 
afterwards  Najfau  IJlund,  belongs  to  the 
State  of  N  York.  It  extends  from  Hud- 
fun  river  oppofite  to  Statcn  Ifland,  alniofl 
to  the  w»lfcrn  bounds  of  the  coafi  uf 
Rhode  I,  terminating  with  Montauk  Point. 
Its  length  is  ahout  it^o  miles,  and  its  me- 
dium breadth  from  10  to  14  milc» ;  and 
feparated  from  Coni)e(5licut  by  Long  Ifl- 
and Sound.  It  contains  1,400  fquarc 
miles  ;  and  is  divided  into  3  c.iuiities. 
King's,  Queen's  and  Suffolk,  and  tKefe 
again  into  19  townfliips.  The  N  fide 
of  the  ilhind  is  rough  and  hilly.  A  fin- 
glc  range  of  thelc  hills  extends,  ftom 
Jamaica  to  Suuthhold.  The  foil  is  here 
well  calculated  for  raifing  erain,  hay,  and 
fruit.  The  S  fide  of  the  illand  lies  low, 
with  a  light  fandy  foil.  On  the  fe^ 
coaft  are  extcnfive  ti  aifls  of  fait  meadow, 
which  extend  from  Southampton  to  the 
Wend  of  the  ifland.  The  foil,  notwith- 
fianding,  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture 
of  grain,  particula'  ly  Indian  corn.  Near 
the  middle  of  the  ifland  is  Hampfiead 
Plain,  in  Queened  co.  It  is  16  miles  long, 
and  about  8  broad.  This  plain  was 
never  known  to  have  any  natural  growth, 
except  a  particular  kind  of  wild  grafs,  and 
a  few  fhrubs,  although  the  foil  is  black, 
and  to  appearance  rich.  It  produces 
fome  rye,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are 
fed  upon  it,  as  well  as  on  the  fait  marfhes. 
On  the  E  part  of  thj  illand,  £  of  Hamp* 
ftead  Plain,  is  a  large  barren  heath,  called 
Brufliy  Plain.  It  is  overgrown  with 
ihrub  oak,  intermixed  with  a  few  pine 
trees,  where  a  number  of  wild  deer,  and 
groufe  harbour.  In  a  Bay  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland  vaft  quantities  of  oyfters  are 
taken,  40  or  50  vefTels  are  often  here  at 
a  time  loading  with  them.  Baft  are 
caught  here  in  great  plenty.  The  larg- 
eft  river,  or  ftream  in  the  ifland  is 
Peakonok,  an  inconfiderable  ftream.  It 
runs  £  and  empties  into  a  large  bay,  that 
fcparatcs  Southhold  from  Southampton. 

IB 


\^\ 


'  1'  ?!  'i 
'1  ll  I  'I 


il 


LON 

■III  ilui  liajr  are  Robl)in  and  Shelter  id- 
iitult.  Kuckeuiikitma  puntl  lie*  abuiit 
tlie  centre  of  the  illand,  l)et>vccn  Smith 
'I'uvvii  ;ind  Illipi  and  ij>  abuut  a  iirilc  in  cir- 
cuiiitereiicu,  itiid  ha»  bcca  loundt  by  oh- 
l'i:rvutioii,  to    hre  graduiilly  fur  feverul 

!(«4ri>,  until  it  had  urrivnd  to  a  cc||(iiin 
tei^ht,  :ind  then  to  fall  more  rapidly  to 

,its  lowed  bed  ;  and  ihuit  U  coutinuully  cb- 
hin)>;  .'iiid  Howing  :  the  cuuic  ha*  never 
bucii  iiivedigated.  Two  miles  to  the 
louthward-oif.thu  pond,  iit  a  Itream  called 
Cunutx'Ucut  river,  which  empties  into  the 

,  bay.  The  pruducc  of.  tl\c  middle  and 
'wefleru  parts  of  the  ifland  is  carried  to  N. 
YiirL  'lite  ifland  contains  42,097  in> 
habitants,  of  whom  3,i<J3  are  Haves. 

Au»t:  i^'A</),/.Sa»Ni/,  isakindof  inland  fcR, 
from  ,\  to  ^s  miles  broad,  and  about  140 
miles  long,  extending  the  wliole  length  of 
the  iilaad,  ami  dividing  it  from  Connecti- 
cut. It  comntunicates  with  the  oocan 
at  botit  ends  of  Long  I  Hand  ;  and  alTurds 
ii  very  I'afe  and  vonveuient  inland  naviga- 

.  tion. 

Long  1J}iin<l  in  Sufquehannah  river. 
Lun^  Jjl'tiU,[\i  Holflon  river,  TenefTee, 
in  ^  iniloH  long,  and  cont  lins  IJ03  acres 
of  rich  land,  fubjciittu  inundations.  Hurc 
is  an  old  iiei<l  formerly  cnkivatcd  by  the 
Indians.  Numbers  of  boats  arc  built 
hero  every  year,  and  loaded  with  the 
produce  of  tire  State  for  New  Orleans.  It 
in  10  miles  W  of  the  mouth  of  Wataugo 
river,  4.?  from  Abingdon,  loq  above 
Knoxvillc,  ^8,;  from  Nalhville,  and  1000 

•  from  llie  .mouth  of  the  Tencflee.  It  is 
340  miles  S  W  by  W  of  Richmond,  in 
Virginia,  and  to  which  there  is  a  good 
waj;i',on  road. 

JLon^  IJle^  or  JJlt  R'lvtr  Indians^  inhabit' 
on  IffS,  or  White  river,  which  runs  W 
into  the  river  Wabaili.  The  mouth  of 
White  river  is  in  N  lat.  38  j  8,  W  Ion.  90  7. 
Lmi^  liiht,  t/ji,  in  (J.  Canada,  are  a  chain 
of  fmalli  lakes,  extending  wcfterly  from 

.the  grand  Portage  of  lalte  Superior 
toward  Rain  lake. 

tons;  Lake,  in  the  Geneflee  country, 
N.  York.        See  Huitcy\oe  Late. 

Lon^  Mi-mlow,  a  town  in  HampHiire  co. 
MalTHchufctts,  fituated  ou  the  K  bank  of 
Cuanc(i:licut  river,  about  4  miles  S  of 
Springfield,  and  23  N  of  Hartford.  It 
was  incorporated   in    1783  ;  contains   a 

.Congregational   church,    and   about    70 
dwelling  houfes,  which  lie  upon  one  wide 
ftreet,  running   parallel  with  the   river. 
'I'he  towiirtiip  contains  973  inhabitants. 
Ltn^  J'J/it,  on  la!:2  Eric,  U. .  Ciwiaila, 


v:     LOR 

ilnw  called  the  N  ForeUnd,  ii  that  lonf 
beach  or  I'andbank,  Urctching  forth  Iukj 
lake  £rie  frpm  the  townfliip  of  Wallinj)- 
ham,  and  forming  the  deep  bay  of  Long 
Point.  It  i*  upwards  of  to  miles  lung. 
From  the  head  of  the  bay  there  is  a  car- 
rying place  aeruft  over  a  flat  fand,  about 
8  chains  didancc,  into  lake  Erie,  which  ij 
fometimes  fufficiently  overflown  to  be 
ufed  at  a  pafluge  fur  Imall  boats.  yumUlicn 
J'oiiit,  between  Paun  fiay  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan, i»  alfo  calledL..  Point  in  fonte  maps. 

L«n£  J'ouf,  in-  Maine,  lies  muflly  iit 
firidgtou,  and  it  xo  mile*  lung  from  N  W 
to  8  £,  and  about  a  mile  broad.  On  each 
fide  of  this  pond  arc  larg*  fwellt  of  excel- 
lent Lind,  with  a  gradual  defcent  to  the 
margin  of  the  pondi  andfumtih  a  variety 
of  romantic  profpedb.  ^te  Bridgton  and 
StLagQ. 

Long  Sail  IJle  au,  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of,  the 
townfliip  of  Oi'nabruckr  contains  fr«>ut 
1000  tu  1500  acre» ;  the  fuil  is  good. 

Longuyiie,  Or  as  the  Indians  call  it, 
Kfiia/tiieamaqua,  an  Indian'  village  un  the 
N  bank  of  £el  river,  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory. It  was  doftroycd  by  Gen.  Scott 
in  1791,  with  aoo  acres  of  com  in  its 
neighbourhood..' 

Lungue'il  Tntinfiip,  Glengary  co.  U.  Can- 
ada, is  the  fecond  in  aTceoding  the  Otta- 
wa river. 

Loukout  Cape, on  thecoaft. of  N.  Caroli- 
na, is  the  fouthcrn  point  of  a  long  •  infu- 
lated  and  narrow  flip  of  land,  eaflward 
of  Core  Sound.  Its  N^int  forms  the 
S  fid«  of  Ocrccock  inlet,  which  leads  iu- 
to  Pamlico  Sound.  It  lies  N  £  of  Cape 
Fear,  and  S  of  Cape  Hatteras,in  alioui 
latitude  34  JO.  It  had  an  excellent  har- 
bour, which  hat  been  tiUcd  up,  with  liand 
fiuce  the  year  1777. 

Laoktut  Caff,  on  the  fuuthern  coafl  ot 
Hiidfou's  Bay,  in  New  South  Wales,  £  ^ 
E  of  the  moutlv  uf .  Severn  river.        N  l.ti 

56,  W  Ion.  84. 

Loontitburg,  in  Green  co.  N.  York, 
where  is  a  poll  office,  near  the  city  u' 
Hudfon. 

Luufu  Chitto.       See  Leui/a  ditto. 

Lorembeck.  See  Louijhurg.  It  is  a  cap(| 
near  the  N  fide  of  Louifliurg  harbour, 
and  m;ty  be  fecn  12  leagues  offatfea. 
•  Lorenzo,  Cafe  St.  on  the  coafl  of  Peril, 
S.  America,  lies  in  the  province  of  Quito, 
W  of  the  city  of  that  name.  S  lat.  o  20, 
W  Ion.  80  20. 

/.onv/o,  a  imall  vill-ige  of  Chriflian  In- 
dians, 3  leagues  N  ii  of  Quebec,  in L.  Can-j 

til 


■Ha.     It  has  il 

according  to  t 

at   Lorctto,  i 

image  of  iho  1 

to  the  converi 

the  famous  It; 

verts  are  of  th 

Loriiti),  Liiii 

ofSt.Dcnnis,!! 

the  Indians  r.d 

fort  cre«aod  j 

'ng  of  four  baf 

deep  ditch.       1 

pariflics,  inclu 

dians,  under  th 

friars. 

Loromlii  Stnr 

place  wefterly  l 

at  or  near  a  fori 

Miami  river,  v 

At  this  fpot,  bi 

hne,  the  Indiam 

the  United  State 

treaty  figned  An 

poruge  commei 

"fthe  Ohio,  and 

Juns  into  Lake  I: 

■I'Ot  Riyt,,      Sc< 
Lot  Jieyet,  the 

•nceofUragua,  il 
i^uay.in  S.Amer 

■Lot  Charcot,  a 
ern  divifion  of  P 
arc  Potofi  and  P( 
Loudon,  Fort,     i 
.  Loudon,  a  couuq 
river  Potowmac.l 
Icy,  and  Faquicr 
miles  long,  and  ii 
'5>533  free  inhall 
Chief  town,  Lecff 
tains  arc  the  filul 
ton.    The  princl 
Creek.  Big  and  J 
verdam,  and  Tul 
grey  fionc.whitc  i 
'>"c.     The  dimj 
pics,  pears,  pcaclj 
grapes.      This  c] 
Irom  Pennfylvan( 
Loudon,  a  town] 
N.  Hampfliirc,  ta 
and  incorporated 
EfideofMerrimJ 
"79  inhabitant,s.] 
Loudon,  a   town 
MafTachufetts,  21  ■ 
'Y  "f  Springfitldl 
«  was  incorporat] 
,  fains  614  inhabitaJ 
yf  which  29443  el 


LOU 


LOU 


Jhriftian  In- 
.inL.Can-l 


ada.  It  has  its  nnme  from  a  rhnpel  l)uilt 
according  to  the  mudol  of  the  Santa  Cafa 
at  Lorctto,  in  Italy  ;  from  whence  nn 
inuze  of  the  Holy  Virgin  hat  been  fcnt 
to  the  converts  here,  rcfcmbhng  thtt  in 
the  famous  Italian  faridluary.  'I'licft:  Cv>n- 
vertsarc  of  the  Iliirou  tribe. 

Loretti),  Lady  tf,  a  ;>lace  in  the  flif>rli.1 
of  St.Dcnnis,on  the  ilthmtisof  California  ; 
the  Indians  rsill  it  Cnncbo.  Here  is  a  finnll 
fort  ere«£ked  by  the  miflionaries,  confin- 
ing of  four  badions,  andfurroundcd  by  a 
deep  ditch.  In  this  jurif<lidlion  are  15 
pariflies,  including  4000  pr<>fenin!>  In- 
dians, under  the  indrudUoii  of  ^oniinicun 
friars. 

Loromut  Stire,  la  the  Pt  ite  of  Ohio,  a 
place  wedarly  from  Fort  Lawrence,  and 
at  or  near  a  fork  of  a  branch  of  the  Great 
Miami  river,  which  falia  into  the  Ohio. 
At  this  fpot,  bounded  W  by  the  Indian 
line,  the  Indians  ceded  a  tratft  of  land  to 
the  United  States,  6  miles  fqui^re,  by  the 
treaty  flgned  Augufl  3, 1795.  Here  the 
portage  commences  between  the  Miami 
of  the  Oliio,  and  St.  Mary  a  river,  which 
Tuns  into  Lake  Eric. 

Ijtt  Rtyet.     See  Lima. 

Lot  Jleyei,  the  chief  town  of -the  prov- 
ince of  Uragua,  in  the  £  divifion  of  Par- 
aguay, in  S.  America. 

Lei  Charcot,  a  province  in  the  fmith- 
ern  divifion  of  Peru,  whofc  chief  cities 
arc  Potofi  and  Porco. 

Loudon,  Fort.  See  'Tillieo  Bloii  Hoiife. 
,  Loudon,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on  the 
river  Potowmac,  adjoining  Fairfax,  Berk- 
ley, and  Faquier  counties.  It  is  about  jO 
miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
I5ij33  froe  inhabitants, and  4990  Haves. 
Chief  tpwn,  Lecfburg.  The  chief  moun- 
tains are  the  Blue  ridge  and  the  Kottoc- 
ton.  The  principal  Creeks  arc  Goofe 
Creek,  Big  and  Little  ICottcxElon,  Bca- 
Tcrdam,  and  Tufcarora.  Quarries  of 
grey  flone, white  flint  and  lime  are  found 
here.  The  climate  is  favourable  to  ap- 
ples, pears,  peaches,  plums,  cherries  and 
grapes.  This  county  was  firft  fettled 
from  Pennfylvania  and  N.  Jcrfey. 

Loudon,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfhire,  taken  from  Canterbury 
and  incorporated  in  1773.  It  is  on  the 
£  fide  of  Merrimack  river,  and  contains 
1379  inhabitants. 

Loudon,  a  townfliip  in  Perkfliire  co. 
MaflTachufctts,  zi  miles  S  E  of  Lenox,  24 
W  of  Springfitid,  and  114  W  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1773,  and  con- 
tains 6x4  inhabitants,  and  i3,cco  acres, 
<ii  which  2944 are  ponds. 


/.filif^fmf'.r,   or    I.nrhaiiv.   a  fni.Tll    fitft*'-' 

mcnt  in  Georgia,  «m  a  lirancli  of  S>ivan- 
nali  rivtr,  alii>vc  its  cunliiirncc  with  tlio 
Tunulo.  I  he  \y  main  bimitli. 

Lnn^^ltUinuyh  'Tutviijliij',  iu  I'rolit'.'n;"*' 
C(iut>tYi  I'.  Canada,  lies  in  the  rear,  and 
N  ol'Kingltim. 

Lnu'-s,  l'(iit,:i  ftttlfiTicnt  formed  Ny  il)e 
French  luar  tlit-  numtli  of  the  livcr  dcizn, 
ill  Flotilla,  about  ao  h.i^iic*  N  K  o(  the 
ncarcd  niouih  nf  ilic  Millirippi,  and  un- 
til the  peace  of  1763,  >vas  tlij;  iiliul  re- 
lidcnc'.'  orih<'  i»iiniM[iaI  governor  ol  l.ou- 
i  liar.  a. 

/.'«/#■/,.')/.  tlic  rapltal  tmvn  of  Giindi- 
loiipe,  Gran<ri'iric.  It  lias  :\  foitrtln  ,} 
leagues  to  the  StK  of  the  i>alt  river,  ijte 
GimJahii^c. 

Louit  de  Miiranhar^,  St.  a  town  on  the 
northern  coaft  of  Brazil,  and  on  tlir  At- 
lantic ocean,  fituated  on  the  <  aR  fulc  of 
Mcarim  rivtr  ;  about  half  w  ty  iM-twicn 
point  Mticoripc,  and  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Para. 

Liiuh, .'-/.  a  jurifdi(E\ion  atkl  town  on 
the  S  Cdc  of  the  idinil  of  K:.  iJoiiiingo. 
Thcjurildid>ion  contains  _■^  p  riflios.  Its 
exports  fiiipped  from  ihu  to'vn  «>f  St. 
Louis  from  January  i,  1789,10  Dcrcm- 
hcr  31,  of  the  fame  yc^r,  wert/  i2o/)6_fll). 
cotlle  ;  19,2531b.  fotttn  ;  5751!!).  indi- 
j^o.  Total  value  of  iliirits  (III  exporta- 
tion, 904  dollars  13  cents.  St.  1. 'UiK  is 
rather  aboroir^h  tlian  a  town.  It  is  lit- 
uatcd  till  tlic  lu.a<l  ()ft!)c  hay  of  if*  ii..nH-, 
oppofite  a  number  ol  fniall  iilcs  v  lil.li 
fhtlrtr  riie  bay  on  the  .1  Inwards  the 
ocean,  and  on  the  S  fide  of  tli<  '>^  peii- 
infula,  8  leagues  N  F  of  Ler.  L'aycs,  a  lit- 
tle more  than  3  S  W  of  Aqiiin,  aiid  36 
leagues  S  W  by  W  of  I'ort  an  Prince: 
frt.'m  which  laftarc  two  road&  lending  to 
h  ;  the  one  by  Jacmcl,  tlie  other  by  l^e«)- 
gane,  and  of  much  the  fame  Irngtli ;  both 
join  at  Aquin.  N  lat.  1818,  W  Ion.  from 
Paris,  75  52. 

Louit,  St.  a  fmall  compa<5V,  bcaiiiilul 
bay  in  W.  Florida,  having  ahoiii  7  fcit 
water.  It  is  18  miles  from  the  Kegolct*, 
and  26  from  the  bay  of  Biloxi.  'J  he 
land  near  it  is  of  a  light  foil,  and  good 
for  pafliire.  There  were  feveral  frtilers 
formerly  on  it,  but  in  the  year  I767,t!ie 
Chatflaw  Indians  kille-d  their  rattle  and 
obliged  them  to  remove. 

Louit,  St.  a  town  on  the  W  Me  of  lie 
river  Miflifippi,  25  milesbelowthe  mouth 
of  the  Miflouri.  Its  fcitc  is  on  a  hijji 
piece  of  ground,  the  mofl  hc;iltliy  avd 
pleafant  of  any  iu  this  part  of  ilii  ronn- 


WVOBHHHI 


LGU 


tou 


try.  Here  the  Spanifli  commandant  and 
the  principal  Indian  traders  refidediwho, 
by  conciliating  the  affeiSlions  of  the  na- 
tive*, drew  all  the  Indim  trade  of  the 
MifTouri ;  part  of  that  o^  the  Miififippi 
(northwards)  and  of  the  tribes  of  Indians 
refidingnear  the  Ouifconfing,  and  lUinofs 
rivers,  to  this  village.  Here  are  about 
1 30  large  and  commodious  honfes,  moftly 
built  of  (lone,  and  925  inhiibitants,  of 
whom  »68  arc  (laves.  This  was  the  num- 
ber in  1799.  This  year  the  produ-'Vions 
of  this  fettlement,  were  jvio  bufhels  of 
wheat,  10,300  bulliels  of  ^orn,  lAjolbs.  of 
tobacco.  The  inivabitaius  pofTeHed  1140 
horn»jd cattle-  and  2'5  horfes.  From  this 
place  and  Carondelet,  6  miles  below,  were 
exported  the  year  abovementioned,  to  N. 
Orlca  13,  i754packsof  fhavedflJnSjioolbs. 
each,  '.alucd  at  70,1 60  dolls. 

Lm'ifiX^  a  county  of  Virginia,  adjoining 
Orange,  Albemarle,  Fluvanna,  Spottfylva- 
nia,  and  Goochland  counties.^  It  is  about 
25  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
5900  free  inhabitants,  and  5992  Haves. 
There  are  here  fome  inedicinat  Iprings, 
on  the  head  waters  of  South  Anna,  a 
branch  of  York  river  ;  but  they  are  little 
frequented.  The  principal  mountains  are 
the  S  W  mountains.  Many  parts  are  cov- 
ered with  pine.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a 
port  office,  108  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Lauifa,  a  river  of  Virginia,  the  head  wa- 
ter of  Cole  river,  a  S  W  branch  of  the 
.Great  ll;>nl;awiiy. 

Lnv'fa  Chitto,  or  Loffa  Chitto,  a  river 
which  rifcs  on  the  borders  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  runs  a  S  wcfterly  courfe  through  the 
Georgia  weftern  lands,  and  joins  the  Miffi- 
fippi  juft  below  the  Walnut  Hills,  and  10 
miles  from  Stony  nver.  !t  is  30  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth,  but  after  you  enter  it, 
is  from  30  to  40  yards,  and  is  faid  to  be 
navigable  for  cnnoes  3c  or  40  leagues.  It 
is  39    miles  below  the  Yaz;oo  cliffi. 

Lnurfbourg,  the  capital  of  Sydney,  or 
Cape  ISrelon  illand,  in  N.  America.  Its 
harbour  is  one  of  the  finefl  in  that  coun- 
try, being  ahnoft  4  leagues  in  circuit,  and 
6  or  7  fathoms  water  in  every  part  of  it. 
The  anchorage  or  mooring,  is  good,  and 
fhips  may  run  aground  without  any  dan- 
ger. Its  entrance  is  not  above  300  toifes 
in  breadth,  tormed  by  two  fmall  illands, 
flud  is  known  I .  leagues  off  at  fea,  by 
Cape  I.oremhec,  fituated  near  the  N  E 
fide  of  it.  Here  is  plenty  of  cod,  and  the 
fi(her^  may  be  continued  from  April  to 
the  dole  of  November.  The  harbour  is 
more  than  half  a  mile  in  breadth,  from  N 


W  to  8  E,  in  the  narrowed  part ;  and  6 
miles  in  length,  from  N  E  to  S  W.  In  the 
N  K  pait  of  the  htrl^our  is  a  fine  careen- 
ing r/harj  to  heave  down,  and  very  fe- 
cure  from  all  winds.  On  the  oppoiite 
fide  are  the  fidiing  lUges,  and  room  for 
4000  ho.its  to  cure  their  fifh.  In  winter 
the  harbour  is  entirely  frozen  up,  fo  as  to 
be  walked  over,  which  feafon  begins  here 
at  t!ie  clofe  of  November,  and  iafts  till 
May  or  Jun: ;  fometimes  the  frofts  fet  in 
fooner,  and  are  more  intenfe  ;  as  partic- 
ularly in  1745,  when  by  the  middle  of 
OiSlober  a  great  part  of  the  harbour  was 
already  frozen.  The  town  of  Louifbourg 
fiiinds  on  a  point  of  land,  on  the  S  £  fide 
of  the  Illand  ;  its  Areets  are  regular  and 
broad,  confifting  for  the  mod  part  of  ftone 
houfes,  with  a  large  parade  at  a  little  dif- 
tance  from  the  citadel  ;  the  infidc  of 
which  is  a  fine  fquare,  near  400  feet  every 
way.  On  its  N  fide,  while  polTelTed  by 
the  French,  ftood  the  governor's  houfe 
and  the  church  ;  the  other  fides  were 
taken  up  with  barracks,  bomb  proof;  in 
which  the  French  fecured  theit  women 
and  children  during  the  fiege.  The  town 
is  near  half  a  mile  in  length,  and  2  in 
circuit.  The  principal  trade  of  I.ouif- 
bourg4s  the  cod  fifliery,  from  which  vaft 
profits  accrue  to  the  inhabitants ;  the 
plenty  of  fifh  being  remarkable,  and  ai 
th^  fame  time  better  than  any  about  New- 
foundland.    See  Breton,  Cafe.      N  lat.  45 

54,  W  Ion.  59? J- 

Liuijlourgb,  in  Pennfylvania.    See  Har- 
rijhtirgh, 

Loui/burg,  a  poft  town,  Franklin  co.  N. 
Carolma,  26s  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Loufftana.    On  the  30th  of  April  1803, 
the  property  andfovereignty  of  this  ex- 
tenfive    and    valuable    country,    which 
Spain  had  lately  reftored  to  France,  was, 
by  inftruments  of  the  above  date,  on  cer- 
tain (lipulated  conditions,  transferred  ro 
the  United  States.    The  Treaty  of  cef- 
fion  having  been  duly  ratified  by  the  A- 
!  nierican  government,  Louifiana,  of  courfe, 
;  has  become  a  part  of  the  United  States. 
I  Since  thia  important  acquifition  of  terri- 
■  'nry,  great  pains  have  b'jci  i  taken  bv  the 
I  Writer  to  colled):   frcm  every    exifting 
fource  of  information,  the  beft  defcription 
of  it.    The  refult  follows,  with  the  au-. 
thoritics  annexed. 

Hijl'irical  Remarh.      This  country  was 

firft  dlfcovered  by  Ferdinand  de  Soto,  in 

1541  ;  it  was  afterwards  vifited  by  Col. 

Wood, in  1654  ;  by  Capt.  Bolt,  in  1670; 

y  and  in   1 683,  by  Mon.  de  la  Salle  from 

^'  Canada, 


Canada,  whr 
the  river  Mi 
le  was  of  N< 
of  New  Fran 
Jefuits,  and 
ten.      In  16 
where  he  m 
the  court,  of 
them  to  furni 
fels,  in  which 
colony  of  aboi 
of  the  Miffifij 
ed  the  place 
Feb.  X685,  in 
about  300  mil 
MiflTifippi.    T 
whom  were  v 
provided  with 
'ion,  mart  of  t 
in   the  waves,  I 
fea  oiTicers  inti 
tliem  ;    and    ; 
hardfhip,,  La  % 
of  his  own  m 
miferably   peri 
cept  feven,  wh 
country  to  Ca 
ended  the  firfl 
tie  Louifiana. 
of  Canada,  a  br 
obtained  the  p: 
court,  failed  fio 
i»Ppi,  with  twc 
men,  and  laid  tl 
French  colony  , 
country  now  foi 
Louifiana.*      *] 
cruit  offettlers  a 
able  fituation  in 
the  death  of  II 
the  war  in  whic 
engaged,  contril: 
ny  to  great  wre 
had  diminiHied 
eight  families. 
»erchant  of  imi 
for,  and  obtaine 
Louifiana.    His 
extenfive,  buth 
into  effeA ;  and 
charter  to  a  com 
mous  proje<ftor, 
extravagant  acci 
now  induftrioufl 
rious  parts  of  Eu 
pi  became  the  ce 
hopes  and  fpeci 
t7t8  and  1719, 


ud 


.  Huynal, 


»ay 


LOU 


LOU 


Canada,  who  was  the  firft  who  traverfed  i 
the  river  Miirifippi     [Hutcbins-]    La  Sal- I 
le  was  of  Norman  extract,  an  inhabitant  j 
of  New  France,  a  pupil  and  difciple  of  the  i 
Jefuits,  and  a  bold  entcrpriiing  charac-  j 
ter.      In  i68,'5,  he  repaired   to  France,  j 
where  he  made  iuch   reprefentations  to 
the  court,  of  his  difcoveries,  as  induced  ; 
them  to  furnifli  him  with  four  fmall  vef-  ] 
fels,  in  which  he  embarked,  with  a  little  ' 
colony  of  about  170  men,  for  the  mouthg 
of  the  MifCfippi.     By  miftakc,  they  paff-  | 
ed  the  place  of  dellination,  and  landed  , 
Feb.  1685,  in  the  Bay  of  St.  Bernard'si,  ' 
about  300  miles  W  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Miffifippi.    This  little  colony,  «  moft  of  : 
whom  were  very  corrupt,"  were  badl^  j 
provided  with  provlfions  ami  ammuni- 
tion, moft  of  them   being  fwallowed  up 
in   the  waves,  through  the  perfidy  of  the 
fe»  officers  intruded  with  the  landing  of 
them  ;    and    after  encountering    many 
hardfhips,  La  Salle  was  murdered  by  fome 
of  his  own  men,  and  the  whole  colony 
miferably  periihed  in  various  ways,  ex- 
cept feven,  who  penetrated  through  the 
country  to  Canada.      [Rayna/.]      Thus 
ended  the  firft  European  attempt  to  fet- 
tle Louifiana.    In  1699,  Mon.  Ibberville, 
of  Canada,  a  brave  naval  officer,  having 
obtained  the  patronage  of  the    French 
court,  failed  fiom  Rochfort  fur  the  MifH- 
Jippi,  with  two   fliips,  and  a  number  of 
men,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  firft 
French  colony  on  the  MifTifippi.      The 
country  now  for  the  firft  time,  was  called 
Louifiana.*      Two  years  after  a  new  re- 
cruit of fettlcrs  arrived ;  but  the  unfavour- 
able fituation  in  which  they  were  planted, 
the  death  of  Ibberville,  in   i7o6,f  and 
the  war  in  which  France  was  at  this  time 
engaged,  contributed  to  reduce  the  colo- 
ny to  great  wretchednefs ;  and  in  171a 
had  diminiHied  their  number  to  twenty 
eight  families.      At  this  period  Crozat,  a 
merchant  of  immenfe  fortune,  petitioned 
for,  and  obtained  the  exciufive  trade  of 
Louifiana.    His  plans  wtre  patriotic  and 
cxtenfivc,  but  he  failed  in  carrying  them 
into  eSedb  ;  and  in  171 7,  he  reiigned  his 
charter  to  a  company  formed  by  that  fa- 
mous proje«Jlor,  John  Law.      The  moft 
extravagant  accounts  of  this  country  were 
now  induftrioufly  circulated  through  va- 
rious parts  of  Europe ;  and  •  the  Miflifip. 
pi  became  the  center  of  all  men's  wifties, 
hopes  and  fpeculations."      In  the  years 
1718  and  1719,  while  this  frenzy  pre- 

*  Kaynal. 


vailed,  a  numerous  colony  of  latjottrert 
colleded    from    France,    Germany   and 
Switzerland,  and  allured  by  the  moft  flat- 
tering promifes   and  expedtatioiis,  were   • 
conveyed   to  Lvuifiana,  and  let  tied  in  a, 
dinri<a  called  lilloxi,  on  theilland  of  Or- 
leans, oppoGte  to  and  about  12  miles  from 
Ship  Ifland.a"  fituation  tl:e  moU  barren, 
unhealthy  and  inconvenient   of  any  oa 
the  coaft,"  where  thefc  iinloitunate  ad- 
venturers   died    by    hundreds,  through 
want  and  vexation.    The  miferablc  fate 
of  this  colony  ruined  the  reputation  of 
Louifiana ;  and   this  enchanting  country 
was  now  execrated,  ami  its  very  name  for 
a  while,  bcoume  a  repro.ich.    The  MifTi- 
fippi was  the  terror  of  freemen.       No  te-  . 
emits  were  to  be  found  to  fend  thither, 
but  fucli  as  were  taken  from  prifons  and 
houfes  of  ill  fame,  and  of  courfe  it  be- 
came the  receptacle  of  the  loweft  and 
moft  profligate  perfons  in  the  kii^gdom. 
In  this   ftate  the  colony  languiflied,  till 
1731,  when  the  company,  at  the  expenfe 
of  i,450,coolivre8,  purchafed  the  favour 
of  relinquiftiing  their  concerns  into  the 
hands  of  thegovernmtnt.    [JPajwa/.]   The 
boundaries  of  Louifiana,  as  granted  to 
Croaat,  were  N,  by  the  Illinois  river  and 
Lake,  [Hutcbins]  or  by  Can.ida  and  un- 
known lands,  [kaynal]  E  by  Carolina  and 
Florida,  S  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  W  hj 
New  Mexico.     Its  length  was  not  afcer- 
taincd ;  its  mean  breadth   was  eftimated 
at  about  600  miles.    [Raynai.]    By  tl\e 
Treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  1713,  the  northern 
boundary  of  Louifiana  was  extended  to 
an  imaginary  line  drawn  from  a  promon- 
tory inNew  Britain,  in  N  lat.  58  30,  S  W 
through  lake  Mifgofink,  or  Miftafim,  till 
it  ftrikc  the  49th  degree  of  N  lat.    All  the 
country  S  of  this  line,  as  far  as  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  was  annexed  to  Louifiana  ; 
all  N  of  it  was  confirmed  to  Great  Brit- 
ain.   [Htitchins,]     And  yet  Danville,  in 
his  map  of  Louifiana,  publiftied  in  1752, 
limits  it  to  lat.ja  10  N.  By  what  anthority 
is  not  known.    [Pi/ilcrten.]    The  Frencii 
for  ought  that  appears  remained  in  quiet' 
pofleflion  of  this  cxtenfive  country,  ex- 
cept frequent  contefts  with  the  Indians, 
till  1762.    The  Spaniards  of  New  Mexi- 
co indeed,  in  17 10,  jealous  of  their  a<flive 
neighbours,  formed  a  fchcme  of  eftabhfh- 
ing  a  large  colony  on  the  Mi.Touri,  far 
beyond  the  limits  which  they  had  been 
wont  to  prefcribe  for  themfeivcs,  for  the 
purpofc  of  reducing  the  limits,  and  over- 
awing the  French  colonics.    Accordingly, 
numerous  caravans,  who  were  to  confti- 

tutc 


K;-  I 


LOU 


LOU: 


<ttte  this  colony,  proceeded  from  St.  Fe, 
and   directed  their    march  towards  the 
country  of  the  Oflagcs  Indians,  with  de- 
ftgn  to  engage  this  nation,  the  mortal  en- 
emies  of  the  MiiTouries,  to  join  them  in 
conquering  the    country  of    the  latter, 
which  they  rcfolved   to   occupy.       The 
Spaniards  mifl'ed  their  way,  and  went  di- 
reiflly   t<>  the    nation   whofe   ruin  they 
meditated  ;  and  ignorant  of  their  miftakc, 
communicatedtheirdePign  without  rci'crvc. 
The  MilTouri  chief,  wlio,  by  this  fingular 
miflake,  became  acquainted  with  the  dan- 
ger which  threatened  him  and  his  peo- 
ple, concealed  ins  feelings,  and  iiilorin<d 
the  Spaniards  that  he  wo  ild  readily  affift 
in  accompiilhingthcir  plin,  and  requtft- 
,cd  48  hours  to  alTemble  his  warriors.    In 
the  mean   time,  the  uniiifpedling  Span- 
iards were  amuied  with  fports,  till  aoco 
warriors  had   collti^.-d  with  their  arms, 
when  they  fell  upon  the  Spaniards  while 
afleep,  and  (lew  every  foul,   except  the 
chaplain,  who  owed  his  prcfcrvation  to 
the  (ingularity  of  his   drefs.     [Raynal.] 
The  Natchez  tribe  of  Indians  proved  for 
a  time  a  formidable  enemy  to  the  colony  ; 
but  in  the  year  1731,  the  whole  tribe  was 
nearly  extirpated.     In  1736,  and  again  in 
1740,     the    coioniRs   were   engaged    in 
bloody  wars  with  tlie  Chickafaw  Indians, 
in  the  former  of  which,  the  French  were 
defeated;  the  latter,  termin,»ted  iu  peace, 
which   has   not   fiuce  been  interrupted. 
The  colonifts  had  (Iruggled  tlirough  many 
diOlculties,  and  overcome  many  obdacles 
in  the  way  of  their  profperity,  and  their 
profpccSls  were  now   brightening.     The 
peltry  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  their 
commerce  with  tlic  W.  Indies  were  in- 
creafing.     Two   hundred  Acadian  fami- 
lies had  already  planted  themfelvcs  on 
the  banks   of  the   MifTifippi,  and  more 
were  preparing  to  follow  them.    As  ma- 
ny as  la  or  ijroo  Canadians  were  on  their 
way  to  fettle  in  Louiiiana,  and  confider- 
ablc  accefTions  of  inhabitants  from  other 
places,  were  cxpeifled.      Such  was   the 
fiatcof  this  colony,  when,  in  April  1764, 
the  French    court  announced  to  the  in- 
habitants, that  in  Nov.  1762,  l^ouiliana, 
embracing  New  Orleans,  and  the  whole 
territory  W  of  the  Miflifippi,  had  been 
ceded  to  Spain  by  a  fccret  treaty.    This 
ineal'ure  was  fcverely  aiidjuflly  cenfured, 
not  only  as  impolitic,   but  as  an  ofTence 
againft  morality.     The  colonifts,  without 
their  knowledge  or  confent,  were  given 
away  to  a  foreign  power.    They  did   loi 
fubmit  to  this  unjii(l    ineafure  without 


manly  oppofition,  fo  that  compietc  pof. 
relTuni  of  the  country  was  not  obtained 
by  Spain,  till  the  17th  of  Augult,  176^. 
The  day  following,  fuch  of  the  citizen's  as 
chofc,  took  the  oatks  of  allegiance  to  the 
king  of  Spain.  "  Every  thing  was  now 
completed  but  revengs.  Vidtiins  were 
required.  Twelve  were  felcAcd  from 
among  the  moft  diftinguilhed  in  the  army, 
the  magiftracy  and  trade.  Six  of  thefc 
generous  men  atoned  with  their  blood, 
for  the  confideration  they  enjoyed.  The 
others,  perhaps  more  unlortunate,  were 
fent  to  languiili  out  their  liv«  s  in  the  dun- 
geons of  the  IJavannah  ;  and  this  horri- 
ble tragedy  was  ordered  by  the  Spanilli 
miniflry,  while  the  Ircnch  minilliy 
fliewcd  no  indignation  !"  [Jinyi'/ti.']  By 
the  treaty  of  peace  in  1763,  Canada, 
with  the  whole  territory  belonging  u; 
France,  eaftward  of  the  middle  of  the 
Miflifippi  to  the  Ibberville,  thence  through 
the  middle  of  that  river  to  the  I>ake« 
Maurepas  and  Ponchartrain  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  was  ceded  lo  Great  Britain. 
[See  Treaty.]  By  this  treaty  the  boun- 
daries of  the  Britifli  provinces  were  ex- 
tended foutliward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  wcftward  to  the  Miflifippi,  the  navi- 
gation of  which  to  its  mouth  was  to  be 
free  to  both  nations,  and  LDnifiana  wag 
limited  N  by  Canada,  and  E  by  the  Mii- 
filippi,  excepting  that  it  includtd  the  iil- 
and  of  N.  Orleans,  on  its  E  bank.  This 
ftate  of  things  remained  till  the  Amer- 
ican revolutionary  war,  during  which, 
Spain,  in  1779, 1780,  and  1 781,  took  from 
Great  Britain,  the  two  Floridas  ;  the  U- 
nited  States,  according  to  their  prelciit 
limits,  became  an  independent  govern- 
ment, leaving  to  Great  Britain,  of  all  her 
American  provinces,  thofe  only  which 
lie  N  and  £  of  the  U.  States.  All  thcfe 
changes  were  fandlioncd  and  confirmed 
by  the  treaty  of  1783.  From  that  peri- 
od, thefe  relpc«Stive  portions  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, remained  without  any  change  of  pro- 
prietors, till  the  treaty  of  St.  Idelfonfo,  of 
Oi^.  1, 1 800,  By  this  treaty  Spain  "  om- 
ifes  and  engaget  on  her  part,  to  cede  ■  the 
French  Rcpublk^fix  months  after  the  full  and 
entire  execution  of  the  conditions  andjlipuiations 
therein  contained  relaiife  to  the  Duke  of  I'at- 
rra,the  colony  or  province  of  J^oiiifiana,  trill' 
the  fume  extent  that  it  niivally  has  in  the  hands 
of  Sf>jin,  that  it  hadivhen  France  poffeffid  it, 
and  fuch  os  it  fioutd  he  after  the  treaties  fuhfe- 
quently  entered  into  bettveen  Spain  and  ether 
Slates."  "  'I'his  treaty  was  confirmed  and 
enforced  by  that  of  RIadrid,  of  the  2ift 


df  March 
to  the  U. 
of  April  1 
a  rcfcrcnc 
icriptive  o 
TJi/e.     1 
the  treaty 
part  of  the 
i8o3j  betw 
French   Re 
Louifiana. 
been  doulit 
this  interett 
title  «  TJie 
States  engaf 
ernment,  ib 
following  ai 
of  francs,  ito 
^wH  be  fixei 
the  paymeni 
to  thecitizei 
"for  the  pa 
ftaiics,   mem 
*icle,   the    L 
flocicof  rr,; 
intereft  of  i'tx 
able  half  yea: 
or  Paris,  amo 
337.500  dolla 
tions  which   < 
French  gov^r, 
place  :  The  p 
be  reimburfec 
»Mted  States,  i 
*efs  than   3,0 
which  the  firf 
15  years  after 
•f  ratiiication 
ferred  to  the 
tofucfvperfon 
fhorifed  to  rt 
»!»5/?.  after  the 
of  this  treaty, 
he  taken  pofli 
government  o 

■BiiunJaries. 
United  States 
it  has  in  the 
when  France 
were  the  limitt 
hands  of  Franc 
been  In  poflb 
are  to  be  its 
er  here   to  ol 

kno\vn' neither 
pgraphy.       ft 

'n  1763,  at  wh 
t'pncd,  all  the 
P'l  except  Nc 


LOU 

df  March  1801.  From  Frances  it  paiTed. 
to  the  U.  States  by  the  treaty  of  the  30th 
of  April  1803,  as  ubovemcntioned,  with 
a  reference  to  the  above  claufe  as  de- 
scriptive of  the  limits  ceded."  {J'jferfon.'] 
'Title.  The  above  recited  claufe  from 
the  treaty  of  Idelfonfo,  wiiich  makes  a 
part  of  the  treaty  of  the  30th  of  April, 
i8o3i  between  the  Uuited  States  and  the 
French  Republic ;  contuin&  our  title  to 
Louifiana.  '  The  validity  of  this  title  has 
been  doubted.  Events  will  foon  decide 
this  intereiting  queltinn.  For  the  above 
title  "  The  government  of  the  United 
States  engages  to  pay  to  the  i  rench  gov- 
ernment, in  the  manner  fpecified  in  the 
following  article,  the  fum  of  60,000,000 
of  francs,  itidependent  of  tlie  I'um  which 
ihall  be  fixed  by  another  convention  for 
the  payment  of  the  debts  due  by  France 
to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

'•For  the  payment  of  the  fumof6opoo,ooo 
francs,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  ar- 
ticle, the  United  States  fnall  create  a 
flock  of  ii.jjopoo  dollars,  bearing  an 
intercd  of  li-x  per  centum-  per  annum,  pay- 
able half  yearly  in  London,  Amfterdam 
or  Paris,  amounting  by  the  half  year  to 
.337,500  dollars,  according  to  the  propor- 
tions which  fliall  be  determined  l^  the 
French  gov^ramcnt  to  bs  paid  at  eithor 
place  :  The  principal  of  the  faid  (tock  to 
bereimburfed  at  the  treafury  of  the  U- 
nited  States,  in  annual  payments  of  not 
kfs  than  3,000,000  of  dollars  «ach  ;  of 
which  the  iSrft  payment  Ihall  commence 
15  years  after  the  date  of  the  exchange 
«f  ratiHcations  ;  this  flock  fliall  be  tranf- 
ferred  to  the  governmient  of  Fhmce,  or 
tofuch-perfon  or'perfons  as'fhall  be  au- 
thorifed  to  receive  it,  in  three  months,  at 
noji,  after  the«xchangeof  the  ratifications 
of  this  treaty,  and  after  Louifiana  fhall 
be  taken  poffeffion  of  in  the  nam^  of  the 
government  of  the  United  States." 

Baundaries.  Louifiana  is  ceded  to  the 
United  States  "  with  the  fame  extent  that 
it  has  in  the  hands  of  Spain,  that  it  had 
when  France  pofleiTed  it."  What  then 
were  the  limits  of  Louifiana  'vhen  in  the 
hands  of  France  in  176a,  and  fince  it  has 
been  in  poircffion  of  Spain  .'  For  thefe 
are  to  be  its  prcfent  limits.  It  is  prop- 
er here  to  obferve  that  Weft  Florida  is 
known' neither  in  French  nor  Spaniili  Ge- 
ography. It  originated  with  the  Britifh 
in  1763,  at  which  time,  as  has  been  men- 
tioned, all  the  country  E  of  the  Miffifip- 
pi,  except  New  Orleans,  was  ceded  to 


:lou' 

this  nation,  who  -then  for  the  iirft  thttti 
divided  .  the  Territory  S  of  Georgia, 
and  E  Of  the  Ibbervillc,  into  E.  and  W. 
Florida.  This  territorial  diviHon  contin- 
ued only  till  the  country  was  taken  by, 
and  confirmed  to  Spain,  in  1783,  except 
in  the  books  of  Eiiglitli  and  Americai:- 
Geography.  {Mitchell's  Ms.  Letter.]  "  Be- 
fore the  treaty  of  peace,  in  176J,  Louifia- 
na extended,  in  the  French  maps,  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  near  45  degrees  of 
N  lat.  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Miflltippi,  an^l 
to  neari39  A^eci  on  its  eal'tern  bank. 
Its  boundiuies'wei  e  Canada  on  the  N,  N. 
York,  Poiiplylvania,  Virginia,  Carolina, 
and  the  N  Wpart  of  tlie  eafternmoft  pe- 
ninfula  of  Florida  on  the  E,  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  S,  and  N.  Mexico  W."  \^Hutih:ni.'\ 
Act«)rding  to  Du  Pratz,  Louifiana  is 
bounded  S  and  'W  as  above  ;  N  in  part 
by  Canada  ;  "in  pirt  it  extends  without 
any  afCgnable  bounds,  to  the  I'erra  In- 
cognitai,  adjoining  to  Hudlbn's  bay ;  li 
by  the  Britifli  provinces  abovemention- 
td,  and  by  Rio  Perdido,  fignifying  Loll 
river,  aptly  lo  called  by  theSj^aniards.bc- 
caufc'itlof»;s  itfelf  under  ground, and  after- 
wards appears  again  and  difcharges  itfelf 
into  the  fea  a  little  to  the  E  of  Mobile, 
on  which  the  fii-ft  French  planterarfettled." 
Thefe  limits  of  Louifiana,  as  pofTeflTed  by 
France  and  Spain,  and  acknowledged 
by  other  powers,  arc  from  the  beft  au- 
thorities, and  it  is  prefumed  inay.bc;.coa- 
fidered  as  corredb  ;  and  they  give  as  the 
extent  of  our  newly  acquired  territory,; 
the  boundaries  of  which,  as  far  as  can  be: 
afccrtained,  are  as  follows,  viz.  S  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  from  the  bay  of  St.  Bar- 
nard, S  W  of  the  MiiGlippi,to  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  Perdido,  above  defcribed;  :up 
this  river  to  its,  fource,  and  thence,  (if  it 
rife  not  N  of  the  31(1  degree  of  lat.)  on  a 
flraight  line  N  to  that  parallel ;  thence 
al(M\g  the  fouthern  bouuidary  uf  the  U. 
States  W  to  the  Miiilfippi  ;  then  up  thi» 
river  to  its  fource,  as  eQabliHied  by  tlx: 
treaty  of  1 783.  Beyond  this  point  the 
limits,  (which  Are  conjetStural  and  have 
never  been  afcertained)  may  be  confid- 
ered  ai  including  all  the  country  lying 
between  the  White  Bear  Lake,  or  other 
head  of  the  MilQfippi,  and  the  fource  of 
the  Miflburi  ;  -and  between  this  lad  and 
the  head  fprings  of  the  Arkanfas,  Red 
river,  and  other  copious  Itreams  which 
fall  into  the  MilTifippi,  or  in  other  words, 
we  may  confider  Louifiana  as  bounded  N 
and  N  W  by  the  high  laads,  which  di- 
vide 


I 


.  1  '.• 


«*:■■' 


LOIJ 

^ie  tTie  waters  which  fall  into  the  St. 
JLa'vrcnce  and  Hudfon's  Bay,  from  ihofi 
which  fxll  into  the  Milii(ii>{li ;  W  by  thai 
high  chain  of  mountains,  known  by  thi* 
name  of  the  Sbining  JUauHtains,  wiiich  m.iy 
be  called  the  Sj>ine  or  Am/a  of  that  pan 
of  N.  America,  and  which  turn  the  wa- 
ters on  the  Wi)f  them  to  the  Pacfiic.anti 
thofc  on  the  E  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
embrace!*,  in  one  word,  the  whole  Hope, 
«r  inclined  plain  fronting  the  S  E  and  £ 
down  which  the  dreams  of  all  fizes,  flow 
into  the  bed  of  the  MilBGppi.  On  the  S 
W  it  is  bounded  by  New  Mexico,  between 
vhich  and  Louiiiuna,  the  divirional  line 
has  never  been  fettled.  Some  pretend 
thac  this  boundary  is  a  right  line  from 
the  head  of  Red  river,  to  that  of  the  Rio 
Bravo,  and  thence  down  its  channel  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Others  make  the 
Rio  Coier.ulo,  and  others  with  more  prob-. 
ability, make  the  Rio  Mexioano,  the  S  W 
boundary  of  Louitiana. 

Divifions.  Loiiidana,  as  above  defined, 
may  naturally  be  divided  into  three  grand 
divi&ons,  viz.  Edjlsm,  Lower,  and  Upper 
JLoiiifiana, 

The  Eajiern  diviflon  comprehends  all 
that  part  of  this  territory  which  lies  E 
of  the  Mifitfippi,  btiundcd  S  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  E  by  Perdido  river,  N  by  the 
MifTUippi  Territory,  and  W  by  the  Mif- 
fifippi  river.  This  divilion  embraces  the 
Ifland  of  New  Orleans,  and  is  watered 
by  the  Mobile,  Pafcagoula,  Pearl,  Bogue- 
chico,  Tanlipaho,  and  Amit  rivers,  with 
Thompfon's  Creek,  and  Bayou  Sara^ 
[EUicatti\  The  whole  coaft  of  this  divifion 
embracing  the  old  Biloxi  diftri(St,  which 
W4s  the  fird  iiihabited  by  the  French, 
^^hbfe  dwellings  were  fuddeuly  dcflroyed 
by  a  grtfat  fire,  confifts  of  "  a  very  fine 
fand,  white  as  fnow,  very  injurious  to  the 
eyes,  arid  fo  dry  as  not  to  be  fit  to  produce 
any  thing  but  pine,  cedar, and  fome  iVer- 
{rfce»  oaks."  {Du  Pratt..]  The  Mobile  river 
•  rolls  its  waters  over  a  pure  fand  which 
canhoc  make  it  muddy."  •  It  has  few 
HlK;  and  *'  its  banks  and  neighbourhood 
are  not  Very  fertile.  The'ground  is  ftony 
and  fcarce  any  thing  but  gravel  mixed 
with  a  little  earth."  [li/V/.]  Between  the 
Pafcagoula  and  Mi0ifippi  rivers,  fome 
diftance  from  the  coad,  "the  country  is 
intermixed  with  extenUvc  hills, fine mca- 
don'5,  numbers  of  thickets,  and  fomctimes 


•  TliU  river  in  sprlriif,  after  the  rains  of  winter, 
Is  :( lin?  rivi-r.  i"it  in  Aiiiimfr  is  but  nfiroi^kiefpec- 


Lot/ 

n  with  woods  thick  fct  with  cane,  particu- 
'  larly  on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  brook*, 
ind  txtremtly  proper  for  agriculture. " 
[/W.]  The  coaft,  though  flat,  faudy  and 
dry.  abounds  with  delicious  Hull  and  other 
.i!h,  and  affords  fecurity  agaiufl  lliedc- 
fcent  of  an  enemy. 

Lower  Loui/Mitj,  embraces  that  part  of 
this  territory  luiundcd  E  by  the  MifFiflp- 
pi  river,  S  t»y  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  S  W 
and  W  by  New  Mexico,  N  liy  a  line 
drawn  from  the  MifTifippi  W,  dividing  the 
cduntry  in  which  ftone  is  found  from 
that  where  there  is  none.  This  line,  ac- 
cording to  Du  Pratz,  commences  on  the 
Wfideof  the  MifBlippi,  at  Manchac  in 
N  Ut.  30  ao,  and  runs  a  varied  courfe  W 
to  N.  Mexico.  This  part  of  Louifiana  is 
watered  by  Red  river,  and  a  great  number 
of  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico. On  both  fides  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Miffifippi;  which  ai-e  unpleafaut  to  the  eye, 
quagmircsj  incapable  of  bearing  up  the 
traveller,and  which  afiforda  fafe  retreat  for 
wafer  fowl,  gnats  and  mitfketoes,  continue 
for  more  than  20  miles.  All  the  coaft  from 
the  Miffifippi  W,  as  far  as  St.  Bernard's 
Bay  and  bevond,  refcihbles  the  coaft  al- 
ready defcribed,  of  the  eaftern  divifion, 
"  it  it  equally  fiati  formed  of  a  like  fand, 
and  a  bar  of  ifles,  which  lengthen  out 
the  coaft,  and  hinder  a  defcent ;  and  its 
foil  is  barren."  [Du  Fratz.]  In  afcending 
the  Miffifippi,  after  you  leave  the  marfh- 
es  you  come  to  narrow  ftrips  of  firm  land, 
bordered  witii  marihes,  on  each  fide  of 
the  river,  which  for  fome  diftance  are 
bare  of  trees,  and  afterwards  are  covered 
fo  thickly,  as  to  intercept  the  winds  in 
afcending  the  river ;  thefe  narrow  neck* 
of  land,  fit  for  cultivation,  arc  continued 
as  far  as  the  Englifii  Turn.  [Du  Fratx.] 
This  flat  country  is  without  ftones  or 
hills,  and  full  of  marfhes  and  lakes.  "  It 
appears  to  hare  been  formed  by  every 
thing  that  comes  down  to  the  fca.  Pretty 
near  the  Natchitoches  are  found  banks  of 
mufcle  fliells.  The  neighbouring  nation 
afiirms,  that  according  to  their  old  tradi- 
tion, the  fca  formerly  came  up  to  this 
place.  Every  thing  indeed  in  this  coun- 
try fliews  that  the  Lower  Louifiana,  as 
above  defined,  it  a  country  gained  from 
the  fca,whofe  bottom  is  a  chryftal  fand, 
white  as  fnow,  fine  as  flour,  and  fuch  as 
is  found  both  E  and  W  of  the  Miflifippi ; 
and  we  may  expe*9.  that  in  future  ages, 
the  river  and  fea,  may  fotm  another 
tratfk  of  country  like  Lower  Louifiana. 
The  Fort  Balizc  fliews  that  a  century  is 

fuiScicat 


r«flicient  to  e 

»Uto  the  fea." 

tli-uiirx,    «  "] 

cnnntrj',  re,  t 

'^herc  IS  no  n 

iwrt  or  harbo 

W,  from  the  n 

<"ape  where  tl 

commences ;  < 

toand  from  the 

channel  of  the 

river,  and  thei 

the  high  fand  I 

cxtcnfive  fettJei 

the  Balifi,  or  m 

f'Pf>',  which  is  t\ 

city  of  New  Or, 

from  ^Tett,    Ori 

mouth  of  the  iK,l 

ern  extremity  of 

rai/esmore.  Frw 

to  the  mouth  of 

miles  further,  an 

river  to  the  firft  ] 

«d  cannot  be  mu 

miles.   Thus  you 

m«l«!   to  afcend 

«^^nt»,  before  yoi 

grounds  or  coimti 

extenfive  cultivat 

I  circumftance  atte 

Vi'ry  generally  fcn 

I  ''^•olt  of  the  lanj 

ii/j^///,  «xcfepr 

wep,  oppofite  paJ 
Orleans,  and  the  fJ 
i«  a  low  funken  cJ 
astheO^o.greatl 
near  4  Months   inl 
I  from  30  to  30  fc  J 
I  nearly  30  miles  hal 
jm-er.whileonthel 
I  Wept  here  and  tJ  J 
J"  high  bold  couil 
J  low  grounds  on  til 
I'h^thevaftquanl 
l^hich  flow  into  tif 
loifcharged  i  the  r| 
■alone,  which  is  up< 
mn  three  fourth,  , 
|"t  vent  the  Rhmi 
raters,  if  it  was  ndl 
fw  grounds,  throul 
F's,  towards  l,ake| 
^^s,  on    the  N  f 
^"xico  and  St.  BarJ 
rwardstheconfinel 
r' tJie  country  tol 

¥'M'f<f>/>i,  fl    low,    J 

r  ni'iny  hunrh  ed 
'01..  I. 


s  w 

I    line 

,i»g  the 

I  from 

le,  ae- 
on the 

hac  in 

urfcW 

liana  is 

lumber 

)f  Mex- 
of  the 

the  eye, 
up  the 

treat  for 

:ontinue 

laft  from 

icrnaid's 

coaft  al- 

divifion, 

like  fand, 

,then  out 

•  and  its 

tfcending 

le  mar(h- 

firm  land, 
tide  of 

Unce  are 
.  covered 
winds  in 
row  ncck» 
continued 
3«  Pratz.'] 
[^ones  or 
iVes.     "It 
by  every 
ea.  Pretty 
d  banks  of 
ing  nation 
old  tradi- 
up  to  this 
this  coun- 
)uifiana,  a* 
.incd  from 
■yftal  fand, 
nd  fuch  as 
Miflifippi ; 
future  ages. 
m  another 
Louiliana. 
a  century  i* 
fufficieut 


LOU 

rnfliclent  to  eitcnd  Louiilam  two  leag'iei 
kito  the  fea."  [Du  Prat.:.] 

Rivirt.  "  The  greateft  objei^ion  to  tliis 
country,  is,  the  difficulty  of  acccfs  to  it. 
There  is  no  river  of  any  confequence,  or 
jrort  or  harbour  for  fhips  or  veflels,  to  the 
W,  from  the  mouths  of  the  MififippUo  the 
cape  where  th6  W  boundary  of  Lm'tfnna 
commences ;  confequently,  the  only  way 
toandfrom  tlveOcean,  muft  be  through  i he 
chRnnel  of  the  MiJJiftppi,  up  as  far  ks  Red 
river,  and  thence  up  along  that  river  to 
the  high  land  in  the  Appahmja  country,  or 
A  j/fA</of/'«,whcre  thefirfl  high  landflt  for 
extenfive  fettlements  is  to  be  found.  Fro;-i 
the  BaVtfe^  or  middle  mouth  of  th«  Mijft- 
fippi,  which  is  the  fliip  channel,  up  to  the 
city  of  Ntto  Orlfiim,  it  is  about  lOO  miles  ; 
from  JV>TO  Orleaiti  to  Mancbac,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  /iJAn»;//*,  which  is  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  ifland.it  is  about  loo 
miles  more.  From  thence  up  thtf  Mijpfippi 
to  the  month  of  Red  river  it  is  about  aoo 
miles  further,  and  from  the  mouth  of  Red 
river  to  the  firft  high  land,  it  is  conjeiflur- 
«d  cannot  be  much  fliort  of  another  lOO 
miles.  Thus  you  have  between  4  and  500 
mile*  to  afcend  rivers  with  rapid  cur- 
rents, before  you  can  ftep  on  the  high 
grounds  or  country  of  Louifuimi,  lit  for  an 
extenfive  cultivation;  There  is  another 
cipcumftance  attending  this  country,  not 
very  generally  known,  which  is,  that  the 
wlmle  of  the  lands  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
MiJUfipp't,  «xciepf  a  flip  of  one  plantation 
deep,  oppofite  part  of  the  idand  ofA'^w 
Orleans,  and  the  fettlement  at  Point  Coupee, 
is  a  low  funkcn  country,  almoft  as  far  up 
as  the  Oiio ;  great  part  of  it  is  covered  for 
near  4  nYonths  in  the  year,  with  w.iter 
from  ao  to  30  feet  deep,  and  extending 
nearly  .30  miles  back  from  the  edge  of  the 
river,  while  on  the  contrary,  on  the  E  fide 
ptrept  here  and  there  a  few  low  places,  is 
a  high  bold  country.  It  is  aerofs  thofe 
low  grounds  on  the  W  fide  principally, 
thjt  the'vaft  quantity  of  furplus  waters, 
khioh  flow  into  the  Mijjyippi  above,  are 
oifcharged  \  the  channel  of  that  river 
lalone,  which  is  upon  an  average  not  more 
Ihin  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide,  could 
|imt  vent  the  fiftieth  part  of  thefe  furplus 
waters,  if  it  was  not  conveyed  over  thefe 
low  grounds,  through  ten  thoufand  chan- 
ids,  towards  l-ake  Barrataria  and  other 
kes,  on  the  N  coaft  of  the  Gulf  of 
ifxho  and  St.  Barnard's  Bay,  and  other's 
pwardsiheconfinesofiWirx/Vo.whichmakes 
II  the  country  to  the  W  and  S  of  the 
'^'W'PP'h  {I  low,  uninhabitable  country, 
ir  muny  hundred  miles  up,  and  what  is 
'01..  I.  Mm 


LOU 

worfe,  the  labour  of  ..lan  cannot  prevent 
it<"'  I'hc  Miflifippi  is  the  principal 
river  of  Louifiana,  and  the  lurgeft  in  ' 
the  United  States.  It  rifcs  in  white  Bear 
Lake,  lat.  48  15  N.  Its  rourfa  is  fouther* 
!y,  and  its  tributary  ftrearas  large  and  nu- 
merous. In  lat.  .37  o  23  N,lon.  51, 55^  38** 
W  from  Greenwich.  It  receives  the  Ohio 
a  noble  river  118S  miles  in  length.  Th* 
confluence  of  thefe  mighty  rivers  does  not 
prefent  a  Iccnc  grand  or  romantic.  Th« 
country  is  level,  and  the  profpetit  of  tbeir 
union  is  not  ditFerent  from  the  meeting  of 
founds  or  rivers  on  the  fea  coafL  Thei'a 
rivers  unite  in  that  immenfe  fwamp 
through  which  the  Mifllilippi  pafl'es  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  'J  his  Iwamp  extends 
from  the  high  lands  in  the  United  States 
to  the  high  lands  in  Louifiana,  through 
diiFerent  parts  of  which  the  R.  has  had  its 
courle  at  different  times.  It  is  generally 
from  36  to  45  miles  in  width;  which  at  ev- 
ery inundation  is  rnimy  feet  under  water ; 
the  greater  part  of  it  being  on  the  W  fid« 
of  the  river.  From  themotith  of  the  Ohio 
to  the  foutliern  Lne  of  the  U.  S.  there  are 
but  two  or  three  places  not  covered  wit)» 
water  a  part  of  every  year,  and  thofe  for  a 
time  are  annually  infulatcd.  On  the  £  fide 
areelevenplnctsclcvatcdabovethehi^heft 
floods.  Like  the  Nile  and  all  riversfubjcAto 
inundation,  the  banks  are  higher  on  the 
margin  of  the  river  than  at  a  difiance  from 
them.  Thofe  fwamps  and  lakes,  which 
communicate  immediately  with  the  gulf 
ot Mexico, never  become  full,  confcquent- 
ly  fircams  run  from  the  Miififippi  into 
them  till  its  waters  fall.  On  thefe  period!- 
cat  and  temporary  ftreams  valuable  faw 
mills  arc  ere<£led  in  the  vicinity  of  NeW' 
Oihans.  T[\t(\rf\pe>-vMHert  body  of  wa- 
ter, which  leaves  the  Mifiifipgi,  and  fceks 
tWiijulf  of  Mexico  by  another  channel,  is 
tfce  L'liafalia.  It  liwsmsdeits  way  through 
the  weflern  bank,  juft  below  the  fnuthcrii- 
line  of  the  United  States,  and  when  the: 
water  of  the  river  is  high,  its  current  is' 
flrong,  frequently  drawing  rafts  and  boat* 
down  its  channel,  which  are  generally  loft. 
Notwithftanding  the  m.ignicude  of  this 
flrcam,  it  is  not  navigable  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.^  It  has  forn^ed  an  immenfe  floating 
bridge  of  trees,  focompaft,  that  cattle  and 
liorltsare  driven  over  it.  During  theinun- 
darion  a  confiderable  flream  called  thtPay- 
ouManchac  or  Ibbervillc,  leaves  thtMif-' 
fifippi  on  the  £  fide  at  Munchac,  vhich 
falls  into  the  river  Amit,  whi^h  pafies 

through 

•  Th<'lMt•c-(^i^J:^f^^^rk'!arr  trom  a  pnper  pu^  . 
lilV  1  ill  c:li;4i  le'ion  (^S.  C.)  '.aid  to  ho  lioni  llf  t  n 
■jf  a^Jti-.'on  woiivtUy  uiruiiii-.!  1,11  thefuljnt. 


'■. 


ii 


't.  Il 


lou 


LO\S. 


through  lake  Maurepa»  into  Liike  Poiit- 
charlraiiii,  wlJch  by  fcvcral  op^rnings  nenr 
the  mouth  of  Pearl  or  Half  Way  river, 
cnmmiinicatts  with  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Thirt  for  a  part  of  the  year  places  New 
Orleans  on  an  ifland,  which  may  be  call- 
ed the  D'.lta  of  Louifiana.  A  few  miles 
briuw  M^uchac  on  the  W  fide,  another 
branch  called  Plaqiiemin,  proceed^!  from 
the  MiUllIppi,  and  by  ft  vera!  mouths  falls 
ii\to  the  gulf  of  Mexico ;  from  this  branch 
there  is  a  water  comniiinication  with  the 
Opvloufcis.  At  Ibtjic  flii'lance  below  this 
ou  the  fame  fide  a  ftrcam  called  La  Four- 
chetprocLcds  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  into 
^Mdich  it  falls  by  two  clianucls  or  mouths. 
Between  New  Orlcaiu  ant^tlie  IJalifc  tlie 
MilUlippi  has  ffvenil  coniuiiiuications 
with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  but  they  arc 
generally  two  llialluw  tu  have  mucit  im- 
portance. [£/iii:o(t.] 

Heil  River,  liai  itt  fource  not  far  re- 
ii)«»te  from  that  of  Rio  Bravo  or  Rio  del 
Norte  on  whicli  the  city  of  Santa  Kc  is 
luiilc,and  in  the  fame  mountains  in  whicli 
the  Miil^uri  heads.  Ic  is  faid  thai  Ihjats 
^{°c(.'iid  looo  miles  above  tlie  fittLmtnts 
«)J"  the  Natoliitochts.  Tlitre  is  faid  to  be 
a  chain  of  inonntains  lying  E  and  W, 
forming  .ricarty  a  tight  anj^le  with  the 
great  N  aftd  S  chain  The  fource  of  Red 
IViycr;may  \ye  fupfjoftd  to  be  in  this  cor- 
ner ati  it  were.ot  JLouifi/ma,  and  fcparated 
by  til©  mo'ufetains  of  Santa  Fi-,  from  the 
f0utber:(<r4t>untrv  beyoud  *vhoIc  (tr earns 
wui  J  .''<  Kthwatd^y  into  the  bay  of  St. 
Barrtard.  Mitehill. 

.  :'^  On  mh  '£de  of  Rad  R.  are  fome  fcat- 
tering  fettlfements  for  about  50  miles,  to 
Baya)i  Rapide,  «n  ^l^rJl'^ch  are  about  100 
faniilice.  The  land  h«rc,  in  point  of  fer- 
tility, is  inferior  to,.notie  iu  the  world; 
and  for  about  40  miles  hence,  to  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Appalufa  jjrairies,  pafling 
Bayan  Robert,  afld  Bayan  BocUf  (on  which 
a  tew  fettlements  are  beginning)  the 
cpuotry  is  cqiiatly  rich,  and  as  well  tim- 
Ijered  as  any  iaud  can  be.  It  is  perfedlly 
level  (refembling  a  rIVer  bed)  the  foil  so 
feet  deep,  and  like  a  bed  of  manure.  High- 
er Up  Red  river,  the  banks  and  low 
grounds,  (which  are  j  or  6  miles  wide) 
arc  nearly  of  the  fame  quality  as  the 
lands  on  Bayan  Rapide,  with  only  this 
difference,  being  of  a  texture  fomewhat 
loofer,  which  is  perhaps  an  advantage. 
Here  are  but  ffew  fettleraentsi  till  you 
arrive  at  tht  river  Cane  Settlements  (fo 
railed)  which  is  60  or  70  miles  higher 
up  Red  river.    From  this  up  to  the  vil- 


Ligd  or  port  of  Natchitoches,  which  ts 
about  JO  miles,  and  for  25  miles  above 
it,  the  banks  of  one  branch  of  Red  riv(r 
are  fettled  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  Mif- 
fifippi.  It  is  impoOible  to  conceive  of  more 
beautiful  fields  and  plantations,  or  more 
luxuriant  crops   of  corn,  cotton  and  to- 
bacco.   The  town  or  port  of  Natchito- 
ches, (where  is  a  churtrh,  the  refidence  of 
the  commandant,  piicA,  10  or  i  a  mer- 
chants, and  30  or  4Q  families)  was  for- 
merly a  French  garriibn,  and  an  put  polt. 
It  is  handfomcly  litu.-ited  on  a  hill,  which 
overlooks  a  great  extent  ot  well  cultivated 
iieids  :  it  was  much  larger  50  or  60  years 
ago   than  at  prefeut,  owing  to  many  of 
the  inhabitants,  who  before  lived  in  the 
garrifon,  having,  within  thefe   30  or  40 
years  paft,  fettled  on  plantations  up  and 
down  the  river.      From  tttii  place  the 
great  wcllorn  road  take»K)/F  towards  Mex- 
ico, and  it  will  ever  be  ^u  important  place, 
being  the  key  to  an  immcnfe  rich  country. 
The  pi^pulatian  of  the  didridl  of  Natchi- 
toches, is  between  4  and  jooo.     The  low 
grounds  of  Fed  river,  Hie  generally  5  or  6 
miles  wide,  and  nu  foil  cau  be  richer,  and 
nfiarly   ail  alike ;  confidcrable     part  of 
which  is  overflowed  annuallyin  the  month 
of  Ai,)vil;but  it  cootimies  up  but  aihort 
time,  and  always  falls  in  time  to  plant  coin 
and  tobBccu,andrtfes  no  moretill  the  fame 
time  the  next  year.    There  are  fields  that, 
from  ithe  beft  account  I  can  obtain,  have 
been  planted  fucceflivoly  for  near   loo 
years  in  corn  or  tobacco^  and  never  known 
to  fail  ia  producing  plentiful  crcps,  nor 
is  the  foil  apparently  ia  theleaft  exhaufted. 
It  is  particularly  favourable  for  tobacco, 
which  grows  remarkably  luxuriant,  and 
has  a  very  fine  flavour.     The  foil  has  a 
faline  impregnation,  which  imparts  ibme- 
thing  of  it  to  the  tobacco.    The  we'i  and 
river  water  is  fomewl>at  brackifh.      One 
hand  here  can  make  as  much  rubacco  in  a 
feafon,  as  4  or  5  on  the  beft  land*;  ia  Vir- 
ginia ot  N.  Carolina.      It  is  made  with- 
out any  hills  being  raifed,  and  grows  lb 
quick  (from  the  flrength  and  warmth  of 
the  foil)   that  they  ufually  cut  it  three 
times :  when  prepared  for  market,  it  is 
(lemmed  and  made    into' twlfts  of  five 
pounds  each.      From  to  to  100  buHiels 
of  corn  can  be  made  to  the  acre;     Cotton 
produces  equally  well.      The  gardens  on 
the  n!^turalfoil  (for  they  cannot  be  made 
richer  with  manure)  are  not  lefs  aftonifti- 
ing  or  extraordinary.    I  have  particular- 
ly obferved  the  very  great    height    to 
vi'lkich  the  artichoke  grows;  they  .ire  ufu- 
..     .....  _„ .   u...  /.  :      a»y 


LOU 


LOU 


aWf  10  feeti  apd  very  fr«q.ueiitl3r  i  S  an^  1 5 
feet  high.  In  the  ncighbvurhood  ,of 
>IatcbibQcfaes  arc  feveral  fait  fpritig^,  tjic 
waters  of  t^hich  arc  at  l^aft  thr^c  tiipes 
M  ftrvng  as  fea  water.  Two  bm!^,  with 
ZO  or  i»  old  pots  and  kettles,  fupply  f)ie 
tcttionient  on  Red  river  with  fait.  Tjje 
fprings  are  ahnoil  inexhauftiblc,  and 
vrould  admit  of  very  large  quai\tities  of 
fait  b«i,pg  made  from  them.  Th*^re  are 
like^iii;  plenty  of  .iron  and  copper  ore, 
pit  coal,  iliell  and  (lone  lime.  The  dif- 
ferent b;-anches  of  the  river,  the  lakes, 
creeks  and  bayans,  abound  with  very  fine 
iifli,  cockles,  foft  flieU^d  turtle  and 
fhrimps,  and  in  winter  great  varieties  of 
wild  iowL  This  country  is  far  from  be- 
ing ijckly.  The  river  being  very  dee^p, 
«locii  not  get  much  heated ;  the  houf«s  are 
immediately  on  its  bank<,  which  are  kept 
perfedtly  clean;  and  the  water  being 
iaitiflj,  prevents  the  exhalation  of  fickly 
vapours;  and  it  is  happily  freed  frummany 
of  thofe  troublefome  infetH^  fo  common 
in  the  foutheni  Aates,  particularly  the 
bed  bug.  The  mofchetto  ib  very  rarely 
feen  herg.  The  high  lands,  which  are  all 
vacant  and  unfettlcd,  are  covered  with 
a  thick  growth  of  oak,  hickory,  afli, 
gum,  f^fTaCras,  dog^'ood,  buckeye,  grape 
vines,  &c.  intermixed  with  fome  iliort 
leaved  pine,  and  interfperfed  witli  prai- 
ries, creeks,  lakes  and  fountains  :  it  is  not 
<nountainou8,but gently rifing  hills  and  val- 
lies,  and  generally  a  ftrong  clay  foil.  But 
the  appearance  of  both  tlte  timber  and 
Hand  is  very  much  injured  by  the  frequent 
burning  of  the  woods  The  country  on 
Red  river  is  moft  valuable,  begins  about 
,  50  or  6*,mileaatx)vethe  upperfettlcments, 
andexteods  4  prjoomilcs.  The  R.  there 
never  OT^rflowsits  banks ;  the  low  grounds 
we  widcandfromtheriver,  for  40mileson 
each  fide,  the  lands  are  remarkably  rich, 
interfperfed  with  handfome  prairies,  beau- 
tiful dreams  and  fountains ;  alfo  quarries 
of  O'eeftone,  lime,  flint,  Hate,  grit,  and  al- 
mo(l  every  kind  of  (Icme.  In  afceuding 
Red  R.  about  30  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
it.  Black  riv^r  falls  in  on  the  N  fide ;  this 
is  always  a  clear  navigable  ftream,  for  5 
or  600  miled.  About  100  miles  up  it, 
it  branches,  at  the  fame  place,  in  three 
different  directions.  The  £  branch,  called 
theTenfaw,  is  navigable  for  many  mil<^s, 
affords  rich  land,  which  is  all  vacant. 
The  middle  or  main  branch,  called  Wafli- 
eta,  is. navigable  500  miles,  on  which  is 
an  old  fettlement,  affords  exc<;lknt  lands, 
i9it  fprings,  kad.ouc,  »jid  pl^jnjy  of  very 


good  mill  and  grind  (tones.  The  weft- 
cm  bra^ich,  called  Cnt<\hgla,  ^on  which 
are  30  or  .^0  faiv.ilies  newly  icttUd)  run-* 
Uu-dUgli  a  beautiful  rich  prairie  couiitt) , 
in  which  is  a  l^~g,e  lake,  called  Cutait^l.i 
l.akc.  On  tliis  lake  arc  fald  to  be  ii  ^rciit 
number  of  fait  f;)ringB,  and  very  reniark;i- 
ble  accounts  arc  given  ot  tlie  iAi  and  iow  1 
with  viiiicli  it  ul  ounds.  On  the  river 
c^led  Ozark,  arc  m;^ny  valuable  Uiid\t  of 
land,  fume  of  which  arc  fettled.  I'hc 
fame  of  VVitite  river  and  oaifit  Fran- 
cois." Sii/fy. 

•Upj-et-  Lo-.-ifana,  ccmprdicndo  »11  the  re- 
ms^ad4.'r  of  ihi«  territory,  and  is  the  latg- 
ek  and  niufl  valiiiible  [  .irt.  It  Las  1..  I^m- 
ii'iiuia  S,  tl.e  Mifiillppi  E,  and  N  and  W 
the  highlands  aud  moiintaius  which  di- 
vide the  waters  of  the  .St.  Law  rcnce,  Hud- 
fun's  I3ay,  and  the  r;u.iflc  Ocean,  hi.nx 
thife  ol  UieMiJTufjppi.  It  is  watered  by 
Red  river,  tiie  Arkanfas,  St.  Franci^  and 
the  Miflouri,  with  a  vail  number  0|.'  im.%11- 
er  (Ireams,  which  f^ll  into  thefe  ur  the 
Mifl'ifippi.  "  from  ihe  lower  fctt^cmejit, 
at  Sans  la  Gr^cc,  to  the  upper  fcttlcmcnti 
on  the  AlifTuuri  (a  diilance  of  upwards  of 
250  miles)  contiuning  a  jopuiaion  of  ,50 
or  60,000, is  a  couiitry  equal  to  Kentucky, 
or  any  part  of  our  v.c(lcin  territory  ;  ai.d 
the  lead  and  iron  niine&  contained  in  it, 
lender  it  a  country  of  vaft  imp^irlancp." 
\SiLli:y.'\  "  l"he  bottom  of  the  lands  on 
the  hills,  is  a  led  clay,  and  A>  coiii- 
patSt  as  might  aflbrd  a  folid  foundation 
for  any  building.  'J  his  clay  is  covered  by 
a  light  earth  aimed  black,  and  vcrv  ici  - 
tile.  The  gr;ils  j^rows  |;eic  knee  high  ; 
and  in  the  bottcm^,  v/hich  feparatc  tJirlc 
fmall  eminences,  it  is  higher  th<>n  the  tall- 
eft  man.  Towards  the  end  of  .'September 
this  grafs  is  fet  on  lire;  and  in  8  or  10 
days  after,  young  grafs  (lioots  up  half  a 
foot  high.  One  will  eafily  judge  that  in 
fuch  paftures  heidsof  all  creatures  fatten 
extraordinarily."  [/>»  Pmiz.]  As  ytu 
advance  northwrird  towards  tlie  Arkanfas 
and  St.  Francis,  the  country  beccmts  more 
beautiful  and  fertile,  abounding  in  vari. 
ous  kinds  of  game,  as  beavers,  &c.  herds 
of  deer,  elk,  and  buflalocs,  of  from  6  tu 
ICO  in  a  drove,  arc  frequently  met  with 
in  this  wildernefs.  In  this  vicinity  have 
been  found  fpecimens  of  rock  chryftal, 
plaflerof  Paris,  lead  and  iron  ore,  lime- 
flone  and  pit  coal,  [itld.]  '1  his  country, 
according  to  Father  FIcnnepiu,  has  all  ilie 
trees  common  in  Europe,  befide  others  not 
known  thcie.  Here  are  the  fined  ctdars 
ia  ths  world,  and  a  tree  vicldinjj  a  frag. 

raftS 


II''      r>  '  > 


V  !'^' 


LOU 


LOU 


rant  gum,  which  exceeJj  the  bed  Earo* 

f)ean  iierfumes.    The  cotton  trees  are  fo 
argc  that  thu  Indians  make  catnoes  out  of 
thuir  crunlcs,  loo  feet  long.    Hemp  growi 
here  naturally  ;  tar  is  produced  from  the 
pines  on  the  fea  coaft ;  and  the  countrf 
sfTDrUs  every  material  for  fhip  building 
Here  are  "  vaft  meadows  which  need  not 
be  grubbed  up,  but  arc  ready  for  the 
plough  and  feed.     Bcanx  grow  without 
culture ;  and  their  ftalks  fubfift  feveral 
years,  bearing  fruit  at  the  proper  feafon^. 
The  fl.'illcs  are  as  big  .is  one's  arm,  and 
like  ivy   ci'mb  the  liigheft   trees.    The 
peach  trees  are  fo  fruitful  that  they  break 
if  not  fupported.    The  forcfts  arc  full  of 
mulberry  and    plum    trees.      Here  are 
pomegninatc  and  chefnut  trees  covered 
with  vines  whofe  grapes  arc  very  large 
and  fwect.     They  have  3  or  4  crops  of  In- 
dian corn  in  one  year  ;  for  they  have  no 
other  winter  than  Tome  rains.  Mines  of  pit 
coal.leadand  copper  were  Hiewnus  by  the 
Indians ;  alfu  quarries  of  free  (tone,  and 
of  black,  white  and  jafper  like  marble,  of 
which  they  make  their  calumets."    [Hen- 
n.'fint  Nav  D:f.  of  a  large  country  in  Americt, 
^.139.]     On**  fpecies  of  timber,  which  is 
common  from    the  muuth  of  tlic  Ohio 
down    the    MifBlippi   fwamp,  is  cotton 
wood.    It  refemblcj  the  Lombardy  pop^ar 
in  the  quickncfs  of  its  grovvih,  and  tlieloft- 
nefs  of  the  timber.    There  are   alio  the 
p^paw  and  black  afh,  button  wood  or 
fycamore,  hickory,  and  cyprefs.     This 
lad  is  a  valuable   kind  of  timber,  and 
grows  in  great  abundance.     Here  is  alfo 
wild  cherry,  faflafras,  beech,  chefnut  and 
Eermudian   mulberry  trees.     From  the 
walnut  hills  to  Point  Coupee,  and  eaftcrly 
15  or  v>  miles,  the   whole  country  in 
its  natural  ftate  was  one  continued  cane 
brake.    The  cane  is  generally   36  feet 
high,  often  42  ;  intermingled  with  a  fmaiU 
er  fpeeies,  they  continue  thence  on  all  the 
creeks  to  the  gulf  of  M:xico.    [£///««.] 
Ill  the  S  wcftern   part  of  L.  Louiiiaua, 
bordering  on  N.  Mexico,  the  lauds  are 
excellent,  covered  in  fome  places  with  op- 
en woods  of  tall  trees,  through  which  one 
fuay,  without  difficulty,  ride  on   horfe- 
back;    in  other  places  the   wct)ds   are 
thicker.     Meadows  of  a  rich  foii  are  in- 
terfperfed,  the  whole  country  is  watered 
by  numerous  rivers,  and  inhabited  by  an 
abundance  of  wild   animals,  and  other 
;iamc.     A  ridge  ^i  high  land  from  one  to 
fix  leagues  in   breadth,  commences   fome 
diflance  W  ot^the    MifTilippi,  and  con- 
tinues quiic  10   N>  Mexico.    The   Red 


river  bounds  it  on  the  N,  towards  v\\iih 
it  declines  by  windings,  where  it  is  di- 
verfified  alternately  with  meadows  and 
wooda.  I'he  top  of  this  ridge  is  almoft 
bare,  producing  a  fine  grafs  which  grow* 
between  the  (lonci.  The  buffaloes,  when 
driven  from  the  plains  by  the  rain,  feed 
on  this  gralfs,  but  becaufe  they  find  here 
neither  water  nor  fait  petre,  they  at  oth- 
er times  confine  themfelves  to  the  plains. 
As  all  cloven  footed  animals  are  extreme' 
iy  fond  of  fait,  it  is  worthy  of  remark, 
that  Louifiana,  in  general,  eontains  a 
great  deal  of  faltpctre.  Du  Praiz. 

Mineralt  and  fait  luaUn.  Above  the 
Nachitoches  dwell  the  Cadodaquicbjs 
Indians.  Near  one  of  their  villages  it  a 
rich  filver  mine.  The  iilver  lies  in  a 
floneof  chefnut  colour.  Further  N  is 
another  filver  mine.  Lead  ore  is  alfo 
found  in  di/Tcrent  plates  ;  alfo  iron  ore, 
pit  coal,  niarbte,  Ihtte,  and  plaflcr  of  Par- 
is. Al'cending  Black  river,  about  30 
leagues,  it  receives  from  the  W  a  brook 
of  ialt  water.  Its  fouicc  is  a  lake  of  falc 
water  2  leagues  didant,  which  is  about  6 
miles  lon^,  and  3  broad  ;  3  miles  N  of 
this  is  another  fait  lake  nearly  as  large. 
N  of  Red  river  is  a  I'pring  of  water  very 
fait.  [Da  Prai%.\  About  600  miles  up 
the  Millburi  are  found  large  quantitii» 
of  folllle  fait.  Whole  hilU  of  it  are  near 
t he  river,  and,  from  fpeciniens  which  have 
been  exhibited,  it  appearsof  an  exccllenc 
quality.  The  lead  ore  at  St.  Genvieve  is 
remarkably  pure  and  produ«^ive.  There- 
is  no  regular  company  for  procuring  and 
working  it ;  but  the  fettlers  at  their  Icif- 
ure  dig  for  it,  futisficd  with  what  they 
find  within  15  feet  depth.  Mr.  Auftin 
(from  Coune«Slicut)  fettled  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, purchafes  confidcrabie  of  the 
inhabitants  for  the  works  he  hasfet  up  for 
making  flieet  lead  and  fliot.  It  is  found 
to  yield  from  60  to  74  per  cent,  from  the 
native  ore.  The  common  method  the 
people  ufe  for  fmelting  it,  is  only  to  make 
a  fire  with  logs  and  decayed  timber,  and 
then  pile  on  the  ore  and  let  it  melt,  and 
take  up  the  lead  from  the  aibes  of  the 
heap.  Gilman. 

Rivert.  St  Peter  is  the  firR  branch  of 
the  Mifijfippi  worthy  of  notice  below  the 
falls  of  St.  Anthony.  It  comes  from  the 
W.  This  is  a  confiderable  river.  Man- 
ggna  is  a  branch  from  the  W,  which  ca- 
ters the  Mifilfippi  250  leagues  below  the 
falls  ;  it  is  150  leagues  in  length.  The 
MifTouti  has  a  courfe  of  800  leagues,  and 
mingles  it^  Witters  with  the  MifCrippi, 

300 


Names  and  Siti 


LOU 


LOU 


jOO  leagues  below  St.  Aiithony*i*  fall*. 
The  Caazai,  one  of  its  branches,  is  in 
length  150  leagues,  Tlie  St.  Francis  is  a 
confiJerable  branch,  which  falls  into  the 
MiiCrippi  more  than  30  leagues  above  the 
Arlcanfas  :  this  laft  Aream  has  its  mouth 
200  Icigues  above  New  Orleans.  Its 
fource  is  in  the  mountain  of  Santa  Fe  in 
N.  Mexico  ;  its  courfe  is  firft  a  little  N 
for  zoo  leagues ;  it  then  turns  S  £  ;  it's 
length  is  about  300  leagues. 

Climate.  During  the  winter  the  weath- 
er is  very  changeable,  generally  through* 
out  Lower,  and  the  fouthern  part  of 
Upper  Louifiiina.  In  fummer  it  is  regu- 
larly hut.  In  the  latitude  of  the  N^ttchez, 
Farenhcit'ft  thermometer  ranges  from  17 
to  96.°  The  average  degree  of  heat,  is 
ftatcd  to  be  14*^  greater  tliiu  In  Pennfyl- 
Viuiia.  [Etlkot.']  Tlie  climate  of  liOUifi- 
ana  varies  in  proportion  as  it  extends 
northward.  Its  fuuthe  n  parts  are  not 
fubjecft  to  the  fame  degree  of  heat,  as  the 
fame  latitudes  in  Africa,  nor  its  northern 
parts  to  the  fame  degree  of  cold  as  the 
correfpondiug  bt^ruJes  in  Europe;  ow- 
ing to  the  thick  woods  which  cover  the 
country,  and  to  the  great  number  of  riv- 
trs  which  iuterfecl  it.  The  former  pre- 
vent the  fun  from  frorching  the  earth; 
the  latter  caufe  a  great  degree  of  humidi- 


ty which  roftensthe  air,  and  prevents  ex- 
treme cold.  [Da  Protx.]  The  prevail- 
ing difeafes  on  the  lower  part  of  the  O- 
hio,  on  the  MifTifippi,  and  through  the 
Floridas,  are  bilious  fevers.  In  fome  fea- 
fons  they  are  mild,  and  are  little  more 
than  common  intermictents,  in  others 
they  arc  highly  malignant,  and  approach 
the  genuine  ytllow  fever  of  the  W.  In- 
dies. EUlcnt. 

Subdivlfiont  anJ  Pofiiilatloii,  We  have 
already  divided  Louiflana,  as  ceded  t(> 
the  U.  States,  into  three  grand  divilions, 
viz.  Eiiflern,  Lower  and  lU/ivr  Lauijianu. 
Wc  (liall  now  notice  their,  fubdivifion^. 
It  will  be  proper  previoufly  to  remark, 
that  the  modern  divilional  line  between 
U.  and  L.  LouiHana  does  not  correfpond 
with  tlie  one  already  defcribed  by  Dii 
Fratz,  feparating  the  territory  iviiLeut 
from  the  territory  "witb  (loncs  ;  it  com- 
mences much  higher  up  the  Miflifippi,  at 
La  I'etite  Prairie,  near  New  Madrid,  a- 
bout  lat.^6  30  N.  The  bed  view  of  the 
fuhdiviOnns  and  population  of  Louifiana, 
is  contained  in  the  tolH>wing  table,  which 
has  the  (lamp  of  ofH.'ial  authority,  having 
been  communicated  to  Congfefs  by  the 
Prefident  of  the  U.  States,  in  the  Appen- 
dix of  his  account  uf  Louifiana. 


Namks  ako  Situation    of  the  Posts  or  Districts, 


Bahze  to  New  Orleans,         ..... 

San  Bernado  or  Torre  aux  boeufson  a  creek  running  7 
from  the  Englifh  turn  E  to  the  fea  and  Lake  Borgna,5 

City  of  New  Orleans  and  fuburbs,         ... 

Bayou  St.  Jean  and  Chantilly  between  the  city  and  7 
Lake  Pontehartrain,        .....     ^ 

Coaft  of  Chapitoulas,  or  along  the  Banks  of  the  Mil- 
lippi  6  leagues  upwards,        .... 

Firll  German  Coaft,  from  6  to  10  leagues  upwards  on 
both  banks,         .     ■  .        .        .        .        .        ^ 

Second  do.  from  ic  leagues  and  ending  at  16  do.    • 

Catahanofe.or  fird  Acadian  Coa ft,  commencing  at  16"^ 
leagues  above  the  City  and  ending  at  23  on  both  C 
banks,        .......         ^ 

fouche  or  fccond  Acadian  Coaft  from  23  to  30  leagues? 
above  town,      -         .....         ^ 

Valenzuela  or  fettlcments  on  the  Bafon  de  la  Fouehe 
running  from  the  W  fide  of  the  Milfifippi  to  the 
fea,  and  called  in  old  maps  the  Fourchb  or  Rivi- 
ere des  Chilimachas,  -  ■  -         _ 

lbbcrviUeParifii,commeneingat  about  30  leagues  from  1 
Orleans  and  ending  at  the  river  of  the  fame  nume,5 

Galveztown,  fituated  on  the  river  Ibberville,  between^ 
the  Miffifippi  and  Lake  Maurcpas,  oppofite  the  ( 
mouth  of  the  Amit,  -  •  -  ^ 


\ 


•   iirhitei- 

vi\:c  pel- 
ph  of 
:ff!ur. 

SLtyis. 

— 

— 

— 

3948 

^335 

»773 

688 

"3 

162c 

883 

ai 

IC46 

138a 

— 

818 

677 

— 

464 

1797 

— 

267 

6j8 

^i 

;38.6 

ai3 

8 

26 

Total.  - 


1388 

66x 

8054 
489 

X444 
24a  z 

2«p« 
1141 

2064  ] 

•zojy  ! 

^IJ  It 
U7 

Goveraoiect 


\m 


LOU 


LOU 


Namii  and  SrruATieN  or  riie  Posts  or  Diitricts.      lyhitei 

Government  ut  buton   Rouge,  including  all  the  fettle-*^ 

men^t  between  (he  Ibbcrville  and  the  line  of  demark-  V       9jg 

ation,  -  -  -  -  -  3 

Pointe  Coupte  and  Falfe  River  behind  it  50  leagues  from  7 

Orleans,  on  the  W  ri<!e  of  the  Mifltfippi,  •         {       ^^"^ 

Atacapas,  on  the  rivcTi  Ttche  <ind  Vermillion,  &c.  tol 

the  W  of  the  Miilifippi.and  ne^r  the  fca,        -         J 
Opeloulas  adjoining  to,  and  to  the  N  E  of  the  foregoing,        1646 
Ouachita  on  the  river  of  the  fame  name  or  upper  part^ 

of  the  filack  river,  which  empties  into  the  River  C     . 

Rouge,  -  -  -  -  -  .> 

Avoyelles  on  the  Red  river,  about      leagues  from  the  7  , 

Miffilippi,  -  -  -  -  .     J        33ft 

Rapide  on  do.  about     leagues  higher  up,  •  584 

Natchitochrs  on  do.  about  75  leagues  from  the  Mif-  "i  _ 

6fippi,         - S        ''^ 

Concord,    an  infant  fattlement  on  the  banks  of  the?  ^^  ^^ 

Miflliippi,  oppoGte  Natchez,         ...  ^  known. 

Arkanfaiiua  the  river  of  the  fame  name,about  ii  leagues? 

from  its  mouth,        - 5        ^^^ 

SpaniQi  Illinois,  or  U.  Louifiana,  from  La  Petite  Pra-7 

irie,  near  New  Madrid,  to  the  Miflburi,  inclufive,  viz.  5 
St  liOuia,  on  the  Miflifippi  5  leagues  below  the  Mif-  7        r 

fouri,        -        -        -        -        -        -        ■"> 

Carondelet,   on  the  Mifllfippi  two  leagues  below  St.  7         « 

Loob,  -  -  -  -  -  J 

St.  Charles,  on  the  Miflburi  7  leagues  from  its  mouth, 7        » 

and  6  from  St.  Louis  by  land,  -  -  3 

St  Feroando,  or  HarifTerct,  3  leagues  from  St  Louis  on  7 

the  road  to  St.  Charles,  -  -  .  J        'Jy 

Marias  de  Liards,  a  league  W  of  St.  Fernando,  -  337 

Marajsee,  00  the  river  of  its  name,  .        .  115 

St  Andrews,  5  leagues  above  St  Charles  on  the  Mif- 7  ,. 

fouri,  -  -^  -  -  -  $ 

St  Generieve,  on  the  MiiTiiippi  oppofite  Kaikaikias,"  636 

Kew  Boijirbon,  3  league  below  St  Genevieve,         .  445 

Cape  Girardeau,  -  .  -  .  416 

New  Madrid,  on  the  Mifllfippi,  13  leagues  below  the? 

mouth  ofOhio,  -  -  -  -        J        ' 

Little  Meadow,  7  leagoes  below  New  Madrid,  on  the  7  < 

W  bank  of  the  Mifllfippi,         ...  .J         *'' 

Mobille  and  country  between  it  and  Orleans,  and  bor-  7 

ders  of  Lake  Pontchai  train,         -         -  -5 

Pcnfacola,  ezcfufive  of  lihe  garrifop  (not  exceeding)    • 


/tie  ,;/• 
r  iliit(r. 


Slavti- 


Total. 


16 


J8 


56 


3» 

X 

«05 


539 

151 

1603 

aijo 

530 

r447* 

S08 

a4.54 

9A 
169 
846 


48 
55 

42' 


310 
114 

3 


3^i 

455 

753 

1631 


383 

925 
184 
895 

476 

579 
"J 

393 

9491 

560 

5" 

78} 

49 

8col 
300 1 


"  8t,i44  I  17.68  I  ia9ao  |  4a.37il 

*'  Mtmorandum.  This  ceafus  is  taken  from  the  lateft  retums,'but  is  nanifeflly  incorreflil 
the  population  being  under  rated  ;  from  fome  places  there  have  been  no  returns  for  tliel 
laft  fevcti  years,  and  from  thofe  made  this  year  it  is  eafy  to  fee  that  certain  caufes  inducrdl 
the  iiUiahiiants  |o  give  in  ibort  raturns  of  their  ilaves  aqd  of  their  x)wn  numbers.  Tliel 
S^anilh  gbvernncnt  is  fully  perfu^dedthat  the  population  ^t  iprefent  confidcrably  cxceedil 
50,000  fcikils,"  "'A  conjei^ural  eftimation  made  -by  a  gentleman  of  great  refpcdlability,  »nC 
cqrxc^  il^fermatian,  reiidin^  at  jNatche^,  raifes  the  number  of  whites  in  ithc  i<Lind  of  Or*] 
Ieiir.s,onjthe  Wjfide  of  the  river  (tndfome  fettlemcntsonthcJiiidc  fo  50^x50,  imd  theNof 
pf  blacky  to  39,8ao.    Hie  Aatemett^  follows, 

\.i       \    ■  .  '  .  .  .   ""  ■  '  ,  :''  I.  'I'liol 

•  Anoiriial document  «f  Tuly,  1803,  fl^ten  tli:  No. of  inhaliUants  at  Aitacapns .i^ ajTn'wbitr^f  7<P ft«  Jl" 
)\9i^^r^i)^xe:,MA  1266  flavti,  total,  ^46,    The  rciurns  fioii;  U(>cloufM,  aic  fupjofeJ  to  Iw under niuiil 


Namisano 

»■  i  he  IffanU  t 
and  fetilcmci 

a.  The  \V  mar; 
pec  and  extci 

3-  Atacapas,  a 
the  Miinfipp 

4-  Opeloufas,  o 
J.  Red  River,  i 

V>d  mtcLitt 
'«)iii'a«.) 
d-  Oiichita  (riv« 

7.  Concord  a  fc 
fiif  to  Natch( 

8.  Arkanf;i8  Riv 
9-  New  Madrid 
10.  Illinois  and  i 


M/ft  The  fe 
Feliciana,  on  the 
line  ofdcm»»rkiti 
iug  fome  eftubiiil 


"The  inhabits 
chieflythedefceni 
Canadians.     Tlie 
number  of  jEBglifli 
Orleans.     The  tv] 
peopled  by  tha   J 
(fpm  Germany,  an] 
wi^them.    Thef 
ments  up  to  Batoil 
Acadians,  baniilieJ 
the  Englifh,  and  t| 
■jovcmmeint  of  Bi 
the  ^  fide,  which 
lietwoen  thelbber 
line,  is  compofed 
Vuryfew  French,; 
of  Americans.      (. 
ttoftly  Acadians  : 
Faufiee  river  they  I 
2ns ;  of  the  popuj 
and  Opeloufas,  aj 
American;  Natchj 
river,  contains  but] 
•he  remainder  of  ] 
fienqfc}  but  thef  J 
ous  in  the  other  feif 
viz.  Avoyelles,  Raj 
Arkanfas  they  are: 
New  Madrid,  Ama 
fifths,  if  not  a  grel 
«fc«X«ttlers  oa  the  i 


LOU 


LOU 


Nam«sand  Situation  ot  thr  Posts  or  DisTRicri, 

«'/;//«, 

nUrkt. 

'\Tillih: 

1.    I'hf  Ilfcinil  ot  New  OrleaiiH  with  tlic  uppofitc;  iiiar^in   ' 
and  IctilcmcnU  adjacent  computed  at, 

a.  The  \V  margin  fiom  M^nduc  including  Poiute  Cou- 
pee and  extending  tu  the  Red  River,        -         -       .    1 

3.  Aucapas,  along  llic  ica  cokft  hctwecn  the  DcitalSf 
the  MiiFifippi  and  tlie  wcAcrii  bnundary,        -               | 

4.  Opcloufai,  on  the  N  orAt4capa<4,         ... 

S-  Red  River,  including  Bayou  Dctiif.  Avoyrile,  Rapides 
s^nd  Natchitoches,  (the    two  firA  bounding  on  Ape-  C 
loiiran.)             -            •             -            -             -           3 

6.  Ouchita  (river  falling  into  the  Red  river  from  the  N.) 

7.  Concord  a  fcitJemeni  on  tiie  margin  ol  tlic  river  oppo>  ^ 
file  to  Natchez,        .             .             -             .               ^ 

8.  Arkanfiis  River,        -..--. 
V.  New  Madrid  and  viiiinity,             ... 

10.  Illinois aud  Min'ouii,            -            -            -        ., 

.  t'jth&i: 

»5,oco 
4000 
1600 

JOOO 

1 300 

200 
6f)0 

4CC0 

a  J, cor 
j;ooc 

ICOf 

jooi- 

1C( 

5000 
800 

350 

ISO 

leoo 

jqo 
40 

3JO 

ICCO 

Note.    The  feittlfincnts  of  Baton  Rouge  and  New 
Fciici^n.t,  on  the  £  fide  ot  the  River,  lying  hettvecn  the 
line  of  deniark;ition   lat,  .ii^  and  ihc  Iliherville,  includ- 
iugl'omc  edublillimciUit  oa  the  livur  Aniit,  &c.  contalu, 

.V.  f»Ti«l»ii  t)t.t«r''j    (                               \\-ri  , 

47iiJo 
3000 

foo 

9740 

■      s 
600 

TO.t  KO 

?9fiio'  10,1 40 

•'  The  inhabitants  of  T-ouifiana  are 
chiefly  %\\a  defccndunts  of  the  Fritiich  and 
Canadians.  Tiicre  arc  a  coniidcrable 
number  of  Eaglifh  and  American*  in  New 
Orleans.  The  two  Germah.  coaAs  are 
peopled  by  th«  dcfcendanti  of  fettlers 
frpra  Germany,  and  a  few  f  reach  mixed 
'Wi^-tiiem.  The  thre^  fucceeding  fettle- 
meiits  up  to  Baton  Rougf!  contain  mofUy 
Acadians,  baniflied  from  Nova  Scotia  by 
the  Englifh,  and  their  defoendants.  The 
Ipvemment  of  Baton  Rouge,  efpecially 
the  jL  fide,  which  includes  all  the  country 
l>etw«en  the  Ibberville  and  the  American 
line, is  compofed  partly  of  Acadians. a 
Very  few  French,  and  of  a  great  majority 
of  Americans.  On  the  W  fide  they  are 
moftly  Acadians  :  at  Point  Coupee  and 
Fauffee  river  they  are  French  and  Acadi- 
ans ;  of  the  population  of  the  Atacapas 
and  Opeloufas,  a  confiderable  part  is 
American;  Natchitoches,  on  the  Red 
river,  contains  but  a  few  .Americans,  and 
the  remainder  of  the  inhabitants  are 
Flench }  but  the  former  are  more  numer- 
ous in  the  other  fettlemeats  on  that  river, 
viz.  Avoyelles,  Rapide,  and  Ouacbeta.  At 
Arkanfas  they  are  moAly  French ;  and  at 
Kew  Madrid,  Americans.  At  leaft  two 
fifths,  if  not  a  greater  proportion  of  all 
tktiettlers  on  the  SpaniOi  iule  of  the  Mift 


llfippi,  in  the  Illinois  country,  are  likewife 
fu{fpofcd  to  be  Amcricani<  Below  New 
Orleans  the  population  is  altogether 
French,  and  the  defcendants  of  French' 
men."  {JffferfJn.']  I'ho  natives  of  the 
iouthcrn  jxirt  of  theMiflifippl  arefpr^ht- 
ly,  have  a  turn  for  mechanics,,  and  the 
fine  arts,  but  their  I'yftcm  of  education  is 
fo  wretched  that  little  real  fcience  is  ob« 
tained.  Many  of  the  planters  arc  opu- 
lent, induftrioUs,  and  hol'pitahle.  Ellitctt. 

"  There  is  a  militia  in  I^ouiflana.  The 
following  it  the  return  of  it,  made  to  the 
Court  df  Spain,  by  the  Daron  of  Caron- 
delet. 

From  Balijie  to  the  tity )  Tolun>  MilHli. 
teers  of  the  MifCfippi ;  4  corn- 
panic)  of  100  men  each;com«      .5       ' 
plete,         -        -        -  -       400 

City  ;  Battalion  of  the  city,  5 

companies,  ■  '   -        -        -  500 

Artilleiy  company,  with  fuper-        i 

numcraries,         -        -        -       HO 
Carabineers,  or  privileged  con>-    <  •  ■ 
paiiies  of  horfc,  t  companies  ot    1  >/«  A' 
70  each ;  inc»nnplete>        -    -      ioo 
Mulattoes,    a    companies ;   ne- 

froes,  I  do.        -        -        ■  30o 

lixed  legion  of  the  MifGfippi,  com- 
prehcndtBj  Galvectown,  Baton  Rouge, 

.,     .  ,   pointe 


LOU 


LOU 


yuint«    Cuupce,    Atacapai,    and    Ope!' 
•uf^t,  VIK. 

a  companlci  of  Orenadiert, 

8      <lu.  of  funicer*! 

4       do.  of  (IragnoiK, 

»      do.  lately  added  from  Bayou  Sara, 

l6  I'limpanicsof  lOo  men  each,     1609 
Avoyalkt  i  conipanyof  infantry, 
Oucneta,  I  do.  of  cavalry,    -     - 
Natchitoches,  I  do.  of  infantry 

and  I  of  cavalry, 
Arkanfai,  x  do.  of  infantry  and 

cavalry, 

Illinois,  4  do.  of  caralry, 
4  do.  of  infantry: 

Provincinl  rcjjiinentofCicTm.ins 
and  Acadians,  fn»m  the  firfl 
German  coad  to  Ibhcrville, 
10  companies,  viz.  2  of  grenadiers,  7 
8  of  fuhlcersi 
Mobille  and  the  country  E  of 
Lake  Poncliartrain, 

1  companies  of  horfe  and  foot 
Htcomplctc,  -        -        -         I  to 


'J  'nirsearrnl. 

Y,(   thf  coinplc* 

J     iiicm:. 


ICO 

100 

200 

100 

?00 


1000 


i440 

A  gentleman   of  repeifliibillty,  makes 

the  number  of  the  militia  to  amount  to 

10,340  men   wiihin   the   fame  limits  to 

which  the  lad  edimate    of  the  popula- 

-  tion  applies.  He  diftributes  them  in  the 
feveral  :''.'Ctlemeu(8,as  follows : 

1.  Tl.  • '(lands  of  New  Orleans, 

-  with  the  <  :>poftte  margin  and  the 
adjacent  fettlements,        -         -     5000 

2.  The  wed  margin  from  Man- 

-  chac,  including  Pointe   Coupee, 

and  extending  to  the  Red  river,        800 

3.  Atacapas,  along  the  coad, 
between  the  Delta  of  the  MiiTi- 

iippi  and  the  river  Sabine,    •    •      350 

4.  Opeloufas,        -        -        -       750 

5.  Red  river,  including  Bayou 
.  Bauf,  Avoyelles,    Rapide,    and 

Natchitoches,        -        ^        •       zooo 

6.  Ouachita,  -  -  ;  *),;  jco 
f.  Cimcord,  -  -  -40 
8.  Atkrv»f:ii,         -         -         -        150 

■    g.  New  Madrid  and  its  vicinity,      3J0 
]0>  Illinois,  {md  Miflburi,        -     xooo 
•  II.  The  fcttlemeuts  On  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  Miffifippi,  from  the 
American  line  to  the  Ibbcrville, 
acd  fome  other  fettlements,     -     ,1600 

■   .    10,340 

-  It  19  to  be  oliferved,  that  none  of  tlafe 
ftatements  include  the  country  beyond 
the  river  Sabiue,  iipr  even  al.l  tUofe  which 


lie  Mflw."  rdly  of  it.     Data  are  alfo  want* 
ing  to  give  them."  7#'/"'. 

fortijLat'ioiis,  St.  I^ouls  has  a  lieiiicnant 
colonei  to  ciiinmand  in  it,  and  but  fe.v 
troopi.  Baton  R.o\)ge  is  an  ill  conftriK.h 
cd  fort,  anil  has  about  50  men.  In  lU- 
fcribliig  the  c;«iihI  of  Cnrondelct.thc  fr.i.tll 
fort  ol'iit.  Jean  has  been  mentioned,  as  lii« 
the  block  houl'e  at  the  Dalizc  in  it*  prop- 
er pUcc.  The  furtilicittionsof  New  Oi- 
lcans, noticed  before,  confid  of  five  ill  con- 
flru<£led  redoubts,  with  a  covered  wav. 
palifade  and  ditch.  The  whole  i<  goiiv; 
fart  to  decay,  and  it  is  lupplofed  tlity 
would  be  of  but  little  fervicc,  in  calc  lit 
an  attack.  Thou.^'h  the  powder  mw^.^- 
zinc  is  on  the  oppollte  fide  of  the  riv.r, 
there  is  no  fiifiicient  provifion  made  fur 
its  temov.il  to  the  city,  in  cnte  of  rocd. 
'I'he  fort  of  Plaquemines,  which  is  alxnit 
12  or  13  leagues  from  tlie  fea,  is  an  ill  co'i- 
Arudled,  iriegular  brick  work,  on  the 
eaftern  fide  of  the  Miirifippi,  with  a  ditcii 
in  front  of  the  river,  and  protciSed  »>n  the 
lower  fide  by  a  deep  cteek,  flowing  from 
the  river  to  f  he  fea.  It  i',  however,  im- 
perfcdly  clofed  behind,  and  almufl  with- 
out defence  there ;  too  much  reliniice 
having  been  placed  on  the  fwampinefs  of 
the  ground,  uhicli 'hardens  daily.  It 
might  be  taken,  perhaps,  by  ifcaL-ide, 
without  ciifficulty.  It  is  in  a  drgree  ruin- 
ous. The  principal  front  is  meant  to  de- 
fend the  approach  from  the  Tea,  and  can 
oppofe,  at  rtioft,  but  eight  heavy  guns.  It 
is  built  at  aturnio  the  river,  where  (hipt 
in  general  muft  anchor,  as  the  wind  which 
brings  them  up  fd  for  is  contrary  in  the 
next  reach  which  they  moftly  work 
throiigh  ;  and  they  wouid  therefore  l« 
expofcd  to  the  fire  of  the  fort.  On  fhe 
opp(tfire  hank  are  the  ruius  of  a  fmall 
clofed  redoubt,  called  Fort  Bourbon,  iilt;- 
ally gafrrifoned  by  a  fcrjeant's  comminJ. 
Its  fire  was  Intended  to  flank  that  of  tht? 
Fortof  I'laquemines,  andprevf-nt  fliippin;; 
and  fraft  from  afiending  or  dcfcendipj 
on  that  fide.  When  a  vcflel  ajipeiin,  ;i 
fignal  is  made  on  onu  fide,  and  .infwerwl 
on  the  other.  Should  flie  attempt  to  pals 
without  fending  a  boat  on  fliore,  fiie 
would  be  immediately  fired  upon. 

IniihTus,  -Tlifc  Indian  nations  within 
the  limits  of  Lbuiliana  are  un  faf  icnowa 
as  follows,  and  ronfifl  of  the  numbers 
hercaftrr  fpeciHed.  On  the  eaflern  bink 
of  the  Miffifippi,  :diout  15  Icngues  above 
Orleans;  the  rem.iins  of  the  nation  of 
IIouTOrf*  or  Red  M«n,  wliith  i<)  not  e>- 


««ed  60  per, 
diani  fetilrd 
«r  in  Louifi 
(hey  are  at  ti 
wandering  C 
the  Mimfipp 
Tounicai  let 
Coupee  on  t 
60  pcrfoni." 

the  Bayou  Tei 

from  the  fea,  i 

^^u,  confiftinj 

Atacapas,  pm 

throughout  th( 

the  Bayou  or  ^ 

too  foul«.    vir 

Bi'oxis  and  Ch 

di'e,  which  emi 

JO  fouU."         ' 

"  Ix  the  Op,h^ 
Two  village,  of 
of  the  diftria,  r 
of  100  perfon 
through  the  cou 
Sabinaj  and  itt  n 
perfons." 

'^OntbiRlvtr 
'cagucs  from  th 
of  the  Biloni  na 
'akeofthe  Avo 
^'O  fouls.    At  the 
the  Miflifippi,  is 
100  fouI.H,  and  an 
a  leagues  from  ■!,( 
'^  or  9  leagues   h 
•*a  village  of  abr 
arc  occafionallye 
"n  their  neighbou 
•wit  80  leagues 
the  Red  River,  „ 
ooquies,  called  b 
5"«?y  can   raife  f 
arc  the  friends  of 
t«med  the  brave 
all  the  nations  in  1 
•Te  rapidly  decrca 
Peranccand  the 
»royed   by  the   < 
fhereare,  bcfidck 
'"  Joo  families  of  1 
Perled  on  the  \V 
on  the  Ouacheta   m 
w  as  Natchitoches 
;r'"rfd  have  cmigr 
%P;  had  it  not  be, 
"fthe  Spaniards  ai 
^de  who  had   fuf 
Cons.," 

Voi.  1. 


1 


Cfcd  60  prrfoM.  Tliere  ift  no  other  fo- 
diani  fettlrd  on  this  lide  of  the  river  cith- 
er in  Louifiana  or  W.  Florida,  though 
they  are  at  times  frequented  by  partici  uf 
wandtring  ChotSlawi.  On  the  ^^  ide  of 
the  Mifliuppi  are  the  remaini  of  the 
Tounicat  lettled  near,  and  above  Pointe 
Coupee  on  the  river,  confiding  of  50  or 
60  pcrfoni."  'Jifftff*"' 

"  In  the  Alacapi.  On  the  lower  purti  of 
t  he  Bavou  Teche  at  about  1 1  or  i  a  league* 
from  the  fea,  are  two  viilajjet  of  Chilima- 
chai,  confining  of  about  too  foul*.  The 
Ataeapas,  properly  fo  called,  dirperfed 
throughout  the  diftridk,  and  chiefly  on 
the  Bayou  or  creek  of  Vermilion,  about 
too  foul*.  Wanderer*  of  the  tribe*  of 
Biloxii  and  Cho«!law*  on  Bayou  Croco* 
dite,  which  empties  into  the  Teche  about 
JO  fouls."  iHd. 

"  In  the  Opihufai  to  tbt  N  IV  of  Atactfai, 
Two  village*  of  Alibamas  in  the  centre 
of  the  diftri«5l,  near  the  church,  confifting 
of  xoo  perfon*.  Conchates  difperfed 
through  the  country  at  far  W  as  the  river 
Sabinasand  it*  neighbourhood, about  350 
perfoni,"  ibid. 

•♦  Oh  tht  Rlvtr  Xour^e.  At  Avoyelles,  19 
leagues  from  the  MifTillppi,  is  a  vilhge 
of  the  Biloni  nation,  and  another  on  the 
lake  of  the  Avoyelles,  the  whole  about 
60  foul*.  At  the  Rapidc,  a'')  leagues  from 
the  MifTifippi,  ii  a  village  of  Chot^aws  of 
xoo  foul.4,  and  another  of  Bihiz.'S,  ah  )ut 
2  league*  from  ft,of  about  100 more:  about 
8  or  9  league*  higher  up  the  Red  River 
iita  village  of  about  50  foii!^.  All  thefe 
arc  occafionally  employed  l)y  the  fettlers 
in  their  neighbourhood  a*  boatmen.  A- 
bone  80  leagues  above  Natchitnches  on 
the  Red  River,  is  the  nation  of  the  Ca- 
doquies,  called  by  abbreviation  Cados  ; 
they  can  raife  from  3  to  400  warriors, 
are  the  friends  of  the  whites,  and  are  ef- 
teemed  the  braved  and  mod  generous  of 
all  the  nation*  in  this  vad  country  ;  they 
are  rapidly  decreafing,  owing  to  intern* 
perancc  and  the  numbers  annually  dc- 
ftroycd  by  the  Ofagfs  and  Choi!b:iws. 
There  arc,  befidc  the  foregoing,  at  lead  4 
to  joo  families  of  Chodlaws,  who  arc  dif- 
perfed on  the  W  fide  of  the  Miilifippi, 
on  the  Ouacheta  and  Red  rivers,  as  far 
W  as  Natchitoches, and  the  whole  nation 
woiHd  have  emigrated  acrofu  the  Mifil- 
fippi  had  it  not  been  for  the  oppofition 
of  the  Spaniards  and  the  Indians  on  that 
fide  who  had  fuiFercd  by  their  aggref- 
fioiis.?'  Olid. 

"  On  the  River  Arianfis,  isfc.  Between  the 
i  Vol.  I.  N  n  &  O  0 


"LOU 

Red  River  *n^  *\e  Arkanfa*  there  art  bift 
a  fc^''  Indians  the  rr*n4ins  of  tribe*  almolt 
cxtindt.  On  thi*  lad  rivr  is  (he  nation 
i>f  the  fame  it  me,  confiding  of  about  169 
w  (Trior*,  they  ate  brave  yet  priccal>l« 
and  well  difpnfed,  and  have  Avi*y%  been 
attached  to  theFrcachiandcfpuufcd  (heir 
caufe  in  their  wars  with  the  ChicLtf.twt, 
whom  they  hive  always  refidcd  with  fuc< 
ctf*.  They  live  in  three  viiiagci,  the  fird 
i*  at  18  l«a^uc*  from  the  MidiGppi  on  the 
Arkanfa*  rivur,  and  the  others  are  at  % 
and  6  leagues  from  the  fird.  A  fcarcity 
of  game  on  the  eadern  fide  of  the  Mifl!« 
fippi  has  lately  inducid  a  number  of  Cher* 
okeet,  Chu«ftaws,  Chickafaws,  &c.  to  frc« 
qucnt  the  neighbourhood  of  Arkanfas 
where  game  is  dill  in  ^ibundance  ;  they 
have  coiitradled  marriages  with  the  Ai> 
kanfas,  and  feem  inclined  to  mnke  a  per* 
mnnent  fcttlcmcnt  and  incorporate  tliL-m* 
felvcs  with  that  nation.  The  numb.-r  it 
unknown,  hut  is  confidcrable  and  is  every 
day  increaling.  On  the  river  St.  Francis, 
in  the  neigbt'urhood  of  New  M;idin', 
Cape  Oirar<ieau,Reviere  a  la  Pi:mnii-,nud 
the  environs,  are  fettled  a  nuui'.tcr  of  Vag- 
abonds, cinigr.ints  from  the  Dd'w.in*, 
Shawncfe,Miami»,  Cliiikafaw.,(jlierokoo3, 
Piorias,  and  fuppofed  to  cunOd  in  all  of 
500  families;  they  are  at  times  troiil)l«. 
fome  to  the  boats  dnfccndijij;  the  river, 
and  have  even  plundvifil  iomc  <tf  l'  :ni 
andcoininitttd  a  fe*v iiiurdor-i.  Tin  ire 
attached  to  liquor,  fcMom  rct.ialij  loi.j;  in 
any  plate,  many  of  tlx'mfpeik  Vjiyjilii,  iill 
iiiiderdand  it,  an.!  ther  a.i-c  Ionic  'vho 
even  read  and  wri'f-  it  Ai  ;i'  Ot:n(  vieve 
in  the  Icttlcnu  iit  among  tfie  whites  iirc 
about  30  Fiorlas,  KatLalkim,  and  llliuoii, 
who  fcld(mi  hunt  for  foar  of  the  orhcr  In- 
dians ;  they  arc  tiic  remains  of  a  nation 
which  50  years  ngo  could  bring  into  tlie 
field' 1200  warriors."  >«/./. 

•'  On  IL'  Aljfuiiti.  On  the  Mi  (Tour!  and 
its  wate'R  .ire  ni;tny  .'md  numerous  nations, 
the  bed  known  of  which  are  ;  The  Olnjjci, 
litu.itcd  on  the  river  ot  the  fiirac  nnnie  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Mi(l"ouri,at  ahout  Xo 
leagues  from  its  confluence  with  it;  they 
confid  of  1000  warriors,  who  live  in  two 
fettlcments  at  no  {^n-at  did.ince  from  each 
other.  They  are  of  a  gijijnti  fiatiirc  and 
well  proportioned,  are  enemies  of  the 
whites  and  of  .ill  other  Indian  nations,  r.nd 
commit  deprcdaticms  from  the  Illinois  lo 
the  Arkanfis.  The  trade  of  this  n.ition 
is  faid  to  be  untlcr  an  exclufive  ginnt. 
They  are  a  cruel  and  ferocious  race,  and 
are  luted  and  feared  by  all  the  other  \a- 

diaai. 


It 

I  I 


f 


LOU 


LOU 


dians.  The  confluence  of  the  Ofage  river 
with  the  MilTouri  is  about  8  leagues  from 
the  Miinfippi.  Sixty  leagues  higher  up 
the  Miiluuri,  and  on  the  lame  bank,  is  the 
river  Kanzas,  and  on  it  the  nation  of  the 
fame  name,  but  at  about  70  or  80  leagues 
from  its  mouth.  It  confifts  of  about  250 
vrarriors,  who  are  as  fierce  and  cruel  as 
the  Ofagcs,  and  often  moled  and  ill  treat 
thofc  who  go  to  trade  among  them.  Sixty 
leagues  above  the  river  Kanzas,  and  at 
about  zoo  from  the  mouth  of  the  MifTou- 
ri,  ilill  on  the  right  bank,  is  the  Rivierre 
Platte,  or  Shallow  River,  remarkable  for 
its  quickfands  and  bald  navigation;  and 
near  ita  confluence  with  the  MiflTouri 
dwells  the  nation  of  Octoladtos,  common- 
ly called  Otos,  confiding  of  about  aoo 
warriors,  among  whom  arc  25  or  30  of 
the  nation  of  Miflburi,  who  took  refuge 
:tmon,^  them  about  aj  years  iince.  torty 
1  ^ag'.iL'S  up  the  Ritcr  Platte  yuu  come  to 
the  nation  of  the  Fanis,  compolcd  of  a- 
liout  700  warriors  in  4  neighbouring  vil- 
lages 5  they  hunt  but  little,  and  are  ill 
provided  with  iire  arms :  they  often  make 
w*r  on  the  Spaniards  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Santa  Fe,  from  which  I  hoy  arc  not 
far  diftant.  At  300  leagues  from  the  Mif- 
fifippi  and  joo  from  the  River  I'Litic  on 
the  fame  bank,  are  htuated  the  villages  of 
the  Mahas.  They  confifted  in  I7y9[,  of 
500  warriors,  but  are  faid  to  have  been 
almoft  cut  ofF  lafl:  year  by  the  fmall- 
pox.  At  50  leagues  above  the  Mahas, 
and  on  the  ieft  bank  of  the  Miflburi,  dwell 
the  Poncas,  to  the  number  of  2^0  war- 
riors, pofTeflJng  in  common  with  the  M.v 
h.18  their  language,  ferocity,  and  vices. 
Their  trade  has  never  been  of  mtich  value, 
jind  thofe  engaged  in  it  are  expofed  to 
pillage  and  ill  treatment.  At  the  Uiltancc 
cf  450  leagues  from  the  rvliliilippi,  and  on 
t!ie  right  bank  of  the  Miffouii,  d.vell  the 
Aiicaras,  to  the  number  of  700  warriors, 
find  60  leagties  above  them,  the  Mundane 
nation,  couljfting  of  abi-ut  700  warriors 
likewife.  Thcfe  two  laft  nations  are  well 
difpofcd  to  tlie  whites,  but  have  been  tlie 
viiiliins  of  the  Sioux,  or  Naiuloweflics, 
who  bciiiji;  themfelves  well  provided  witli 
fire  arms,  iiave  taken  advantage  cf  thede- 
f.Micelcfs  fituationof  the  others,  and  have 
on  all  occalions  murdered  them  without 
mercy,  t.'o  difcoverics  on  the  Miilburi, 
beyond  the  i\TaiKlanc  nation,  have  been 
accur;:tcly  derailed,  tlioiigh  tiit  Uif^er"; 
Invc  been  inforr.tcd,  that  many  nnvipablc 
livers  dilcl'.Mrrt.'  tlicir  WHtci>i  inloil,  r.hove 
it,andtha;ihcTC'a^cmaiiyauiKcrousaution& 


fettled  en  them.  The  Sioux,  or  Miind6- 
weflics,  who  frequent  the  country  between 
the  N  bank  of  the  MifTouri  and  Mifljfippi, 
are  a  great  impediment  to  trade  and  navi- 
gation. They  endeavour  to  prevent  all 
communication  with  the  nations  dwelling 
high  up  the  Miflburi,  to  deprive  them  of 
ammunition  and  arms,  and  thus  keep  them 
fubfervient  to  themfelves.  In  the  winter 
♦hey  are  chiefly  on  the  banks  of  the  Mii- 
fuuri  and  maflacre  all  who  fall  into  their 
hands.  There  are  a  number  of  nations  at 
a  diflance  from  the  banks  of  the  Miflburi, 
to  the  N  and  S,  concerning  whom  but  lit- 
tle information  has  been  received.  Re- 
turning to  the  Mifliflppi  and  afcending  it 
from  the  Miflburi,  about  75  leagues  above 
the  mouth  of  tiie  latter,  the  River  Moin- 
goua  or  Riviere  de  Moinc  enters  the  Mif- 
lifippi  on  the  W  fide,  and  on  it  are  fituat- 
ed  the  Ayoas,  a  nation  originally  from  the 
Miflburi,  fpeaking  the  language  of  the  O- 
tachatas  :  it  coniifledof  200  warriors,  be- 
fore the  fmallpox  lately  raged  among 
them.  The  Saes  and  Renards  dwell  on  the 
Mifliiippi,  about  300  leagues  above  St. 
Louis,  and  frequently  trade  with  it  ;  they 
live  together,and  con  lifted  of  500  warriors; 
their  chief  traile  is  with  Michilimakinac, 
and  they  have  always  been  peaceable  and 
friendly.  The  other  nations  on  the  Mif- 
liiippi, higher  up,  are  but  little  known  to 
us.  The  nations  of  the  Miflburi,  though 
cruel,  treacherous,  and  hifolent,  may 
doubtlefs  be  kept  in  order  by  the  United 
States,  if  proper  regulations  are  adopted 
with  refpe(51:  to  them.  It  is  faid  that  no 
treaties  have  been  entered  into  by  Spain 
with  thcr  Indian  nations  wcflwaid  of  the 
M:nirippi,  and  that  its  treaties  with  the 
Creeks,  Cliodlaws,  <Scc.  are  in  efteiSl  fupcr- 
ccdcd  by  our  treaty  with  that  power  of  ths 
27th  Odiober,  1795."  ibid. 

"  Cultivation  of  Suirar.  The  fuijar  cane 
may  be  cultivated  between  the  river 
Ihbcrville  and  the  city,  on  both  iides 
of  the  river,  and  as  far  back  as  the 
fwamps.  Below  the  city,  however,  the 
lands  decline  fo  rapidly  that  beyond  15 
miles  the  foil  is  not  well  adapted  to  it. 
>\.hove  the  Ibberville  the  cane  would  be 
alVeiflcd  by  the  cold,  and  its  produce 
would  therefore  be  uncertain.  Within 
thefc  limits  the  beft  planters  admit  that 
one  ijiiartor  of  the  cultivated  lands  of  any 
conliderabic  plantation  may  be  planted 
in  Ciaic,  one  quarter  left  in  paflure,  and 
the  reinainin;;  Jir.lf  eujploycd  for  provil- 
ioiis,  ^c.  and  ;:  n.-fi-ivc  for  a  change  ol 
crops.       0:ie  Pari!i.ui  »\rpcn,t    of    1**° 

feet 


■  feet    ft] 

duce  01 

gnr,and 

data,  adi 

arc   plai 

about   ^ 

fult  that 

in  round 

%ar,  wi 

Taking 

fit  for  fug: 

the  whol 

25,000  Jio 

quantities 

*iic4,  hav 

^Jom  I.oui 

In  17 

i8( 

iSc 

x8c 

"TromPoii 
A^exico,  th( 
better  than 
has  within  i 
^apJe  comm 
fifippi.      Ec 
above  64  fuj 
Dually  aboui 
^  psoportior 
"Jolafl'cs.      I| 
1000  fugar 
equal  to  tho 
"»'ght  turn 
heads,  of  10 
fide  a  prop< 
and  molafles. 
"  Import!  u 
of  I-<ouifiana 
rice,  furs,  ail 
lead,  flour,  ht 
alone  itwanti 
aftonilhing  d 
Ihc  climate  fa 
eommunicatic 
province    cer 
lollowing  has 
the  prcfent  e> 

30,000  bales 
ton,of3cwt, 
at  40  cents 

4500  caflcs  of 

10  cwt.  cad 

cents  pcr.lb 

800    do.    mo[ 

100  galls,  ea 


ludij 


%o, 


LOU 


LOtJ 


tl  . 


WCt'U 

ifippj. 

navi- 

int  all 

irelling 

em  of 

j)  them 

winter 

e  Mil- 

to  their 

tlons  at 

liffouri, 

but  lit- 

d.    Re- 
nding it 

a  abtn'c 

r  Moin- 

the  Mlf- 

re  fituat- 

irom  the 

jf  the  O- 

riors,  he- 
el among 

rellonthe 

ibove  St. 

I  it ;  they 

,  warriors; 

limakinac, 

-cable  and 

fi  the  Mif- 
known  to 

ri,  though 

lent,   mar 

he  United 

re  adopted 

[id  that  no 

\  by  Spain 

[aid  of  the 

U  with  the 

[fteit  fuper- 

lower  of  ths 
ibid. 
fugar  caue 
the    river 
I  both    lides 
xk    as  the 
iwcvcr,  the 
beyond  i5 
lapted  to  it. 
iie  would  be 
[its    produce 
^in.    Within 
admit  that 
land*  of  any 
I  be   planted 
pafture,  »w\ 
'■  for  provd- 
la  change  oi 

cut    of    '^°, 

'  Ictft  1 


feet    tqxnrt  may  be    expected  to  pro- 
duce  on   an  average,  laoo  weight  of  fi;- 
gnr.and  jo  gil!<ui9  ot  mm.  Fronithc  above 
data,  admitting.that  both  Tides  of  the  river 
arc   planted  for  90   miles  in  extent  and 
about    i^ths  of  a  mile  in  depth,  it  wi  I  rc- 
lult  that  the  annual  produtEt  may  amount 
in  round  numbers,  to  25,000  hogflieads  of 
fugar,  with    la.ooo  puncheons   ot   rum. 
Taking     ^    iufteadof  ^    of    the     Kinds 
fit  for  fugar,  it  i-i  thyught  <he  produce  of 
the  whole  would  bo  50,000,  inllead  of 
a5,coo  hogdicads  of  fugar.  Tlie  following 
quantitiei  of  fugar,  brown,  clayed  and  re- 
tined,  have  been  imporicd  into  the  U.  $■ 
from  I.ouifiana  and  the  Floridas,  v»z. 
In  1799        -        '         77.1)54«  ll>- 
1800      -        -         1,560,865 
i8oi         -        -         967,619 
i8aa        -  -  i,57<''933" 

J^Jir/hn, 
"Trom  Point  Coupee  down  to  the  gulf  cf 
Mexico,  the  fugar  eane  anfwers  at  prefcut 
better  than  any  other  article  ;  and  fugar 
has  within  a  few  yt  ars  part  become  the 
ftaple  commodity  of  that  part  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi.  Below  New  Orleans  are  14,  and 
above  64  fugar  plantations,  averaging  an- 
nually about  75,ooolbs.  of  fugar,  befide 
a  proportionable  quantity  of  rum  and 
molaflcs.  It  is  elti  mated  that  at  leaft 
1000  fugar  plantations  may  be  made 
equal  to  thofe  now  ufed  as  luch,  which 
might  turn  out  annually  75,000  hegf- 
heads,  of  1000  pounds  weight  each,  be- 
fide a  proportionable  quantity  of  rum 
and  molaffes."  SH/ey. 

««  Imfiorti  and  Expoi-tt.  Th:  produ»Slions 
of  I.ouifiana  are,  fugar,  cotton,  indigo, 
rice,  furs,  and  peltry,  lumber,  tar,  pitch, 
lead,  flour,  horfes, and  cattle.  Population 
alone  ii  wanting  to  multiply  them  to  an 
aftonilhjng  degree.  I'he  foil  is  fertile, 
the  climate  falubrious,  and  tlie  means  of 
communication  between  mofl  parts  of  the 
province  certain,  and  by  water.  The 
lollowing  has  been  rettivedasa  fkctch  of 
the  prcfcnt  exports  of  l-oiiifusna,  viz. 

DollurSi 
ao.ooo  bales  of  cot 

tou,of3cwt.ci 

at  lo  cents  pei 
4500  calks  of  fugar.T 

10  cwt.  each,  at  6  v 

cents  per. lb.         j 
800    do.    molaireSjT 

100  galls,  each.     ^ 


■cf>t••^      ,. 


44,000  m- 
ealing. 


3Oj,40O 


ditto. 


32,000 


ladigv, 


ditto. 

'diminiflw 
i$a,ooo  "{ing  rap- 


rdimii 
Jing  r 
Cidly, 


Peltry,        -        -        200,00c 
Lumber,        -         -       8o,ooo 
Lead,  corn,  horfes,  and 

cattle,  uncertain, 
A'.l   other  articles,  fup- 

pol'c  lOO.CCO 


2,158,000 


Accordinjj  to  official  returns  in  tlic 
Trealury  of  the  IJi.ittd  States,  there  WL-re 
importfd  into  our  territory  from  Louina- 
na  and  the  floridas,  mtrchandifc  to  tlie 
following  amounts,  in  the  fcveral  years 
prefixed.  '  ' 

DolLui.  ■' 

In  1799  to  tha  value  of  507,132 
i8co  -  -   904,322 

1801        -  -       956,635        '' 

x8o2  -  1,006,214 

According  to  the  fame  authority,  w  Inch 
makts  the  t<u.il  of  the  exports  to  amount 
to  2,158,000  doil-jr?,  the  imports,  in  mer« 
chandiff,  planiation  utentils,  (laves,  Zic. 
amount  to  two  and  an  h.ilf  millions,  the 
dilFtrcncr  being  m^dc  up  by  the  nionev 
introduced  liy  iliegofcrnmeut,  to  1  a  >'  tlie 
cxpenfcs  of  governing  and  prottcliii;.;  the 
colony.  Acc(rdiiig  to  t!ic  returns  in 
the  Trcafury  cf  the  United  Si.itcs,  ex- 
ports have  been  mide  to  Louifiana  and 
the  Floridas,  to  the  lollowing  amount  ia 
the  years  prtfixid. 

In  1799  to  the  v;i!iic  of 

3,056, i-'^iH  in  foreign  article?, 
447,^2.]  in  domedic  do. 


Dollars,     3,504,092 


In  1800  S''795.i'-i7  in  foreign  article?. 
f,    240,662  in  donicflic  du. 


I)3lUrs,     2,0;,  5,7  8; 


In  t?-,r    S'>770.794  in  foreign  arficlcf. 
L    137,^04  in  damcftic  do. 

Dalian,     1,907,998 


In  i802   ^  i,054.^oo  in  foreign  articl;!. 
X    170,110  in  domtftic  do. 


Dollars,     1,74.1710 


It  is  to  be  obfcrvcd  that  if  the  total  of 
the  imports  and  exports  into  iyid  Ironi 
thcfe  provinces  (of  which  the  two  Mori- 
das  are  but  a  very  unimportant  part, 
with  rifpc*^  to  both)  be  as  above  i'uppof« 
cd,  vi^ 

IjKpOlt* 


if  -J 


ft 


LOU 


LOU 


Imports, 
Expoits, 


2,joc,coo  Jollars.  i 


Making  together  4,658,000 
The  duty  of  fix  per  cent  ought  alone  to 
produce  the  grols  fiim  of  279,480  <loU.«. 
and  that  the  dltFerence  between  that  fum 
and  its  adkual  net  produce,  arifts  partly 
from  the  imperfecfl  tarift"  by  which  the 
vahic  of  mtrchandife  is  afccrtained,  but 
principally  from  the  fmuggling,  which  ji 
openly  countenanced  by  mofl  of  the  rev- 
enue officers."  Jeferfon, 

"  MMufaSiures.  There  are  but  few  do- 
meftic  manufadlures.  Tlie  Acadians 
manufaifture  a  little  cotton  into  quilts 
and  cottouades  ;  and  in  the  remote  parts 
of  the  province,  the  poorer  planters  fpin 
and  weave  foine  negro  cloths  of  cotttm 
and  wool  mixed.  There  is  one  machine 
lor  fpinniDg  cotton  in  the  partHi  «»f  Ibber- 
ville,  and  another  in  the  Opclouras  ;  but 
they  do  little  or  nothing.  In  the  city, 
btfide  the  trades  which  are  abfolutely 
neceflary,  there  is  a  conlidtrable  mauu- 
f.ictiirc  of  cordaoc,  and  fome  fmall  ones 
of  (lifit  and  huir  poivder.  There  are 
likcwifc  in  and  within  a  few  leagues  of  the 
town  I  z  diftillcricsfor  making  tallia,which 
are  faid  to  dilHl  annnnlly  a  very  confider- 
al)Io  quantity ;  and  i  fiigar  refiacry,  faid  to 
innkt  about  200,000  lbs.  of  loaf  fugar,"  ibid. 
''Nrv'g-i--:  ■r:^hy.d]n  tht  tvade  0/  tht 
Prov'ni.j.  In  the  year  1802,  there  enter- 
ed the  Miflilippi  268  veflels  of  all  defcrip- 
tion,  18  of  which  were  public  armed  vef- 
fils.and  the  rcmiiinder  merchantmcnt,  as 
follows,  via. 

French. 


Pol 


I 

An 

;'"'i-l!l. 

S;>-iii:h 

i 

Ships 

48 

14 

j 

Brigs, 

63 

»7 

■ 

Polacres 

- 

4 

1: 

Schooners, 

5^ 

tt 

■i; 

.Sloops, 

') 

I 

liUrc 


Schouiicrs,  J 


3  I  in  balUft    tt/k 

-  ,j83    "'■»  ^  ,  ,  97jV 

T  Hi.                  Total.  Tom. 

loj    Ameiic^ms  158  ^^li^J 

Spaiiilli        IU4  9753 

French            3  ■  105 

Cr,inil t'tnl,  -/I'li;  11.J41 
The  tonnage  of  the  vcifels  which  went  &» 
v/ay  in  ballad,  and  that  of  the  public  arm- 
ed fliips,  are  not  included  in  the  foregoing 
accoimt ;  thefe  latter  carried  away  mafli, 
yards,  fpars,  pitch,  tar,  &c.  at  lead  icoo 
tons.  In  the  firll  6  months  of  the  prcl'ent 
year,  there  entered  the  Miflfilippi  173  fail, 
of  all  nations,  4  of  which  were  public  arm- 
ed veflels,  viz.  z  French  and  2  Spanifli, 
whofc  tonnage  is  not  enumerated. 

Ameiuan   •l..iti.  Spitniilh  Tin<,  frewt/j.   Ton:. 


Shipfi, 

2< 

;.3y<> 

'4 

flri>;», 

«i4 

5701 

20 

I'ohicres, 

^ 

S:h'rs, 

J2 

lBy9 

lU 

Sloops, 

4 

27a 

3 

3o8i> 
2.V3 
4.-{o 
1187 
167 

Total,  yj  1 3,2^4       j3         5087 
foiaUfShipi. 
American,  «.^ 

Sp:uiilh,  5)) 

French,  22 

(iriindTiital,       I7,-i 

In  the  f^tnc  6  mouth»  there 
the  Millifippi  156  veiTcls,  vix. 

Aiiurkan.  Up  >"'i/i. 

|3 

3 

I 


■X 

7 


4/' 

4^8 


WOf 


Sl'ip?, 
hi  s, 

21 
28 

Pf)i  acres, 

Scliooneis, 

Sloops 

•  7 

1 

Ti.tat  0/  r.ii.. 

•3.^64 

7087 

98..  4 

failed  front 

French' 
1 
t 


8 


Total,      170  97  I 

Of  the  number  of  American  vcffcls,  2.1 
lliips,  i.?  brig's,  ijfchooners,  and  5  floops 
came  in  b.illafl,  the  remainder  were  whol- 
'ly,  or  in  part  laden.  I'lve  Sp:mi(li  fliips 
and  7  fciiooners  came  in  ballaft.  The 
imited  tonnage  of  all  the  fliippingthat  en- 
tered the  river,  cjrclufive  of  the  public 
armed  vone!s,wa9  33,71.1'  rcgifter  tons.  lu 
the  fame  year  tliere  failctl  from  the  Miffi- 

tippi  ids  f:»U  viz. 

Aneri^an.            Ti<i<.  Sfl  •ni^li.            Ti,i!!. 

.ii>  1  iuballill  1^"72  i«                     ru 

V)                      7 ',16  23  I  inball;ift  iO|4 


.^  37!7 

3  1  mbnllm   lu.i 


68  He 

**  Learning.  There  are  no  colleges,  ami 
but  one  public  fchool,  which  is  at  New 
Orleans.  The  mailers  of  this  are  paid  by 
the  king.  'I'hey  teach  the  SpanLHi  lan- 
guage only.  There  are  a  few  private 
fchouU  for  children.  Not  more  than  half 
of  the  inhabitans  are  fuppofcd  to  be  able 
to  read  and  write,  of  whom  not  more 
than  200  perhaps  are  able  to  do  it 
well.  In  general  the  learning  of  the  in- 
h:d>itants  does  not  extend  beyond  thofe 
two  arts  ;  though  they  feem  to  be  endow- 
ed with  a  good  natural  genius,  and  an  un- 
common facility  of  learning  whatever 
they  undertake."  ibiJ. 

"7he  Church.  The  clergy  confifts  of  a 
bifhop,  who  does  not  reiide  in  the  prov- 
ince, and  whofc  falary  of  4000  dollar* 
is  charged  on  the  revenue  of  certain  bifli- 
opricks  in  Mexico  and  Cuba  ;  2  canons 
having  cioh  afalaiy  of  600  dollars,  and 
2j  curates,  5  for  the  city  of  New  Orlear.s, 
and  20  for  as  many  country  pariflies,wh» 
receive  each  from  360  to  480  dollars  a 
year.  Thofc  falaries,  except  that  of  the 
bifliop,  together  with  an  allowance  for 
I'acriflanij  and  chapel  cxpcnfes,  arc*p»iJ 

Itv 


LOU 


LOX 


by  the  tre^ury  at  New  Orleans,  and 
amount  annually  to  13,000  dollars.  There 
i»  alio  at  that  place  a  convent  of  Urfuliiies 
to  which  is  attached  about  1000  acres  of 
land,  rented  out  in  three  plantations. 
The  nuas  are  now  in  number  not  more 
than  10  or  la,  and  are  all  French.  There 
were  formerly  about  the  fame  number  of 
SpaniHt  ladies  belonging  to  the  order; 
but  they  retired  to  Havanna  during  the 
period  when  it  was  expected  that  the 
province  would  be  transferred  to  France. 
The  remaining  nuns  receive  young  ladies 
as  boarders  and  iuftru<!l:  them  in  reading, 
writing,  and  needle  work.  They  have 
always  adled  withgreat  propriety,  and  are 
generally  relpe«Sked  and  beloved  through- 
out the  province.  With  the  afnUance  of 
an  annual  allowance  of  6&0  dollars  from 
thetreafury,they^ways  fupport  and  cd- 
mcate  twelve  female  orphans."  Jtffcrfon. 

In  December  1803,  LouiFiana  was, in  due 
form, deli  veredbythtcomminariesof  Spain 
to  the  commillloner  of  France,  Mon.  Lauf- 
fat  who  delivered  it  ever  to  the  com- 
miiTioners  of  the  United  States,  Gov. 
Claixborne  and  Gen.  Wiikinfun,  on  the 
ooth  day  of  the  fame  month.  Gov.  Clair- 
borne  being  duly  ipvedcd  by  the  PreG- 
dent  with  the  powers  heretotorc  exercil- 
cd  by  the  Governor  and  Intendant  of 
Louiilana,  alTumed  the  government  on  the 
fame  day,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  law 
and  order  immediately  ilTued  his  procla- 
mation. This  immenfe  addition  of  Terri- 
tory to  the  United  States,  forms  an  im- 
portant epoch  in  our  hiftory.  What 
will  be  the  eficdb  upon  the  government, 
union,  and  happinefs  of  our  country,  can- 
not be  forefecn.  Conjectures  arc  various. 
Time  will  be  continually  unfolding  the 
conCequences  of  this  great  event.  All 
mud  contemplate  them  with  fuli^'tude  for 
the  honoi  and  welfare  of  the  nation. 

LouiJ}o',vH,  in  Talbot  co.  Maryland,  lies 
•n  theW  fid(  ufVuckahoe  criek,4milesN 
•f  King's  To^  .'n,  and  7  or  8  N  E  ot  Eafton. 

Lou^vilU,  A  port  of  entry,  and  pod 
town  of  Kentucky,  and  chief  of  Jefferfon 
CO.  pleafantly  Atuated  on  the  £  fide  of 
the  Ohio,  on  an  elevated  handfome  plain, 
above  the  Rapids,  nearly  oppofitc  Fort 
Fenny.  It  commands  a  delightful  prof- 
pe<3t  of  the  river  and  the  adjacent  coun- 
try, but  its  unhealthinefs,  owing  to  (lag- 
nated  waters  back  of  the  town,  has  con- 
fiderably  retarded  its  growth.  It  confidt 
of  3  principal  flreets,  and  contains  about 
too  houfcs,  3jO  inhabitants,  a  court 
loufe  aad  gaol.     It  is    3$  milci  from 


Baifdflown,  83  from  Danville,  40  Vf  a( 
Frankfort,  and  623  from  Walliington. 

LoiiifvUle,  the  prefent  feat  of  gov«rrn- 
ment »)!  Georgia,  fituated  in  Jeflcrion  co. 
in  the  lower  diltriiTt  of  the  State,  on  the 
N  E  bank  of  the  Great  Ogeechee  river, 
70  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  a 
date  huufe,  a  tobicco  warclioufc,  and  up- 
ward of  40  dwelling  Iioufes.  Large 
quaotities  of  tobacco  are  in(pcd:cd  here, 
and  boated  down  to  davann.th.  The 
convention  for  the  revilal  of  the  condi- 
tution  fat  in  this  town  in  May,  1795, 
appointed  the  records  to  be  removed,  and 
the  legiflrtturc  to  meet  here  in  future.  A 
college,  witli  liberal  endowments,  is  in 
diluted  in  this  vicinity.  It  is  52  miles  S 
Eof  .Auguda,  and  100  N  V/of  Savannah. 

■Louijiadff  I.und  of,  difcovcrcd  and  nam* 
ed  by  BougHinville  in  1768,  is  probably 
a  chain  of  illands,  fornitag  a  fouth  cadern 
continuation  of  New  Guinea.  7'he  co.ift 
fecn  by  the  Dutch  Ceel-vlri  Yacht  in 
1705,  is  a  fmail  didance  N  of  Louifiath-. 

LiutL  Totunjhip,  I.  CO.  U.  Canada,  lies  \V 
of  Grantham,  and  fronts  lake  Ontario. 

Love  Cove,  a  fine  opening  W  ol'  Whalc 
Cove,  in  New  North  Wales. 

Lovell'i  Pond,  in  N.  Hampfliire,  lies  at 
the  head  of  thceadcrn  branch  of  Salmon 
Fall  river. 

Loveli,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine,  N  of 
Great  Oflipcc,  89  miles  N  of  York. 

LoiuvHte,  a  pod  town  in  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  550  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Loiver  AUowuy'i  Cntk,  a  townfliip  !■ 
Salem  co.  N.  Jerfey. 

Lower  Dublin,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  Pcnnfyh'aoia,  having  1495  in- 
habitants. 

Lower  Landing,  or  £,iji  Landing,  on  Ni- 
agara river,  U.  Canada,  is  oppodt*  to 
Quecndown  on  the  Niagara  Fort  fide. 

Lower  MVfor4,  a  townfliip  in  Buck** 
CO.  Pennfylvania, 

Loiver  Marllorough,  a  pod  town  in  Ma- 
ryland, 30  miles  from  Annapolis,  and  IS 
from  Calvert  court  houfe. 

Lovitr  Penn's  Ned,  a  townfliip  in  Sa- 
lem CO.  N.  Jerfey. 

Lower  PVeaH  Toteru,  in  the  Territory 
N  W  of  the  Ohio,  lie  ao  miles  below  Rip- 
pacanoe  creek,  at  its  mouth  in  WabaHi 
river. 

LoivlAU,  a  townfliip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  having  J45  inhabitants. 

Loxa,  a  town  of  Quito  in  Peru,  at  tho 
head  of  a  N  W  brancTi  of  Amazon  river, 
ai J  miles  N  E  of  Paita,  and  N  W  of  Bor- 
ja.     I(  is  the  capital  of  a  )uri£di<flion  of 

tke 


I! 


.;•.»:■ 


LOti 


L  0  U 


"•lie  fame  fiamc,  nnd  lies  in  lat.  ?  lo,  V. 
Ion.  77  lo  W.  Belkle  i  cliurclic?,  it  lia* 
J'cvcral  religions  ftuuidatiuns  ;  a^t,  a  col- 
]egc  iiinitiUc'd  Uytli;  Jci'iiits,  an  J)ofpital, 
■with  14  viflagcs  in  its  tliflridt.  'i'lie  ju- 
rlfditSlion  of  the  fame  nnr.ie  produces  the 
famous  fpecific  for  intermittent  fevers, 
called  Calcarilla  de  Logo  Qiiinquina,  or 
Jefuit's  hark.  Of  it  there  are  fcvcral 
kinds,  hut  one  more  edicacious  than  the 
others.-  Here  alio  tlity  are  employed  in 
•  hreedinj  cochineal.  'I'lie  inh.ihitants  of 
J.oja,  tailed  alio  l.ojantis,  douot  exceed 
10,000  fouls,  though  lornierlv  far  more 
numerous.  Large  droves  of  liorned  cat- 
tle and  mules  arc  bred  here.  Carpets 
(tre  alfo  manufatilurd  here  of  reniaricablc 
finenefs. 

Liyjlfuci  Creel,  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania,  empties  into  the  W  fide  of 
the  branch  of  Sufquchanna  river,  from 
the  N  E,  a  few  miles  E  of  Lycoming 
Creek,  26  from  Sunbury,  mcafurmg  in  a 
(Iraight  line,  and  about  170  from  Phila- 
delplii'-i.  The  lands  irom  this  to  Sunbu- 
ry are  among  the  higheft  and  of  the  befl 
quality,  and  in  the  hcalthieU  filuation  in 
the  ftate.  It  is  navigable  ao  or  30  miles 
tip  for  battcaux  of  10  tons. 

Lucnnas,  a  jurifdidlion  in  the  diocefe  of 
Giiamanga,  in  Peru.  It  begins  about  35 
or  30  leagues  S  W  of  Guamanga.  Its 
temperature  is  cold  and  moderate.  It 
abounds  with  cattle,  grain  and  fruit ;  and 
has  alfo  filver  miues  ;  and  i>  the  centre 
of  a  very  large  commerce. 

Lucar,  Fort  St.  lies  on  the  N  E  coaft  of 
Brazil  ;  about  half  way  between  the  city 
of  Scara  and  Rio  Grande. 

Liuar,  Ciipi  St.  or  Liicat.  The  S  E  end 
of  the  peninfula  of  California  is  fo  named. 

JLiuaya,  or  JOuiama  IJlanch.     See  Bahama. 

Lucaya,  one  of  the  Bahama  lilands, 
about  70  leagues  E  of  the  coaft  of  Flori- 
da, and  6  from  Bahama  I(1e.  It  is  about 
9  leagues  long  and  a  broad,  and  gives 
name  to  the  whole  range.  N  lat.  27  27, 
W  Ion.  785. 

Lucayoneque,  another  of  the  Bahama 
ifles,  which  lies  about  9  leagues  further 
E  than  the  former  ;  whofe  length  is  28 
leagaes  and  breadth  3,  and  lies  N  and  S. 

Lucea,  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
iiland  of  Jamaica,  in  Hanover  parilh,  be- 
tween Great  Cove  and  MofquitO  Cove. 
It  is  land  locked  and  has  excellent  an- 
chorage ;  IS  or  16  miles  N  E  of  Negril. 

Lucia,  St.  a  river  of  E.  Florida,  runs  S 
E  along  the  E  fide  of  the  peninfula  ;  and 
communicates  inland  with  Indian  river. 
It  has  6  f«ct  water  03  fur  at  the  Tortolas, 


v.IuTft  are  hilly  knowls.    A  branch  join* 
it  from  the  S. 

i,'/.-/.?, 6'/.  called  by  the  French,  Sainfe 
Aloiifie,  from  its  having  been  dircn\ crcd 
on  St.  Lucia's  day  ;  one  of  tlic  Carihhc 
Ill.'iub,  6  leagues  .S  of  Martinico,  -.nxA  21 
N  VV  ol  B.irhadoe?.  It  is  about  27  miles 
long  from  N  to  S,  and  iz  broad.  Here 
are  feveral  hills,  a  of  whicli  being  vtrv 
nNUid  and  fteep.are  called  t!ic  I'lns'  iicul 
of  St.  Iaicv,  and  were  volc:;nocs.  At  tlie 
■fotit  ';of  ihem  are  fnic  valiies,  having  a 
jQfMlliiiil  and  well  watered.  In  t licit  aro 
YiW  tre<ft^  ^vlth  the  timber  of  which  the 
pUnteis  rf  Martinico  and  Uarbadocs 
buildthcir  houfcs  and  wind  mills.  11.  ic 
is  alfo  plenty  of  cocoa  and  fuftic.  'J  he 
air  is  rrckoncd  healthy,  the  hills  not  be- 
ing in  high  as  to  intercept  the  trade 
wiiul;!,  which  always  fan  it  from  the  K, 
by  which  me:ins  the  heat  of  the  climate 
is  moderated  and  rendered  agrtciihic. 
In  St.  Lucia  are  fcveral  commodious  biys 
and  harbours,  with  good  anchorage,  par- 
ticularly the  I. ittle  Careenage,  one  of  the 
prnicipa!  imliicements  for  the  French  to 
prefer  it  to  the  other  neutral  illanth. 
'J'his  port  has  fevcral  noted  advantages ; 
there  is  everywhere  depth  enough,  and 
the  quality  of  the  bottom  is  excellent. 
Nature  has  formed  there  three  careening 
places,  which  do  not  want  a  key,  and  re- 
quire nothing  but  a  capftern  to  turn  the 
keel  above  ground.  Thirty  fhips  of  the 
line  might  lie  there  fheltered  from  hur- 
ricanes, without  the  trouble  of  being 
moored.  The  boats  of  the  country 
which  have  been  kept  a  long  time  in  this 
harbour,  have  never  been  eaten  by  the 
worms ;  however,  they  do  not  expe(fl 
that  this  advantage  will  laft,  whatever 
be  the  caufe.  For  the  other  harbours, 
the  winds  are  always  good  to  go  out  with, 
and  the  largeft  fquadron  might  be  in  the 
offing  in  lefs  than  an  hour.  There  are  9 
pariihes  in  the  illaud,  8  to  the  leeward, 
and  only  one  to  the  windward.  '1  hrs 
preference  given  to  one  part  of  the  iiland 
more  than  another,  does  not  proceed 
from  the  fuperiority  of  the  foil,  but  from 
the  greater  or  Ief»  convcniency  in  fend- 
ing out  or  receiving  lliips.  A  high  road 
is  made  round  the  ifland,  and  two  others 
which  crofs  it  from  £  to  W,  afford  all 
manner  of  facilities  to  carry  the  com- 
modities of  the  plantations  to  the  barca- 
dcres,  or  landing  places.  In  Januan' 
1769,  the  free  inhabitants  of  the  ifland 
amounted  to  2524;  the  Haves  to  ro,27'''. 
It  had  in  cattle  598  mulct  and  horie*, 
ijiy  horned  beii,llj,  and  »378  llicep.  Us 
"" '      *•*-      -  pl»Qt-ati.oi« 


LUK 


LUN* 


plantations  were  1,279,680  plants  of  co- 
coa ;  4,463,880  of  ciiHle  ;  68i  fquares 
of  cotton  ;  and  254  of  lugar  canes ;  there 
were  16  fu gar  works  goin^  on,  and  18 
nearly  completed.  Its  prodnce  yielded 
£til,ooo, which  by  improvement^Hight 
\  be  increafcd  to  £s'^o,ooo.  The  Enj>lifli 
Arii  fettled  in  this  ilknd  in  1637.  Froni 
tlii»  time  tliCy  met  with  various  miafur- 
tunes  from  the  raiives  and  French  ;  and 
at  length  it  was  agreed  on  between  the 
latter  and  the  En^lilli,  that  this  ifland, 
together  with  Dominica  and  St.  Vincent, 
iliould  remain  neutral.  But  the  French, 
before  the  war  of  1756  broke  out,  began 
to  fettle  thcfe  illands,  which  by  the  treaty 
of  peace  were  yielded  up  to  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  this  illand  to  France.  The  Biit- 
ifli  made  themftlves  maftcr  of  it  in  1 778  ; 
bur  it  was  redorcd  again  to  the  French 
in  17S.5 ;  and  retaken  by  the  Britiili  iu 
1794.  St.  Lucia  had  900  of  its  inhabit- 
ants djeftroycd  by  an  c-Hrilujuake,  Oct 
IS,  ijZji.  It  is  6.';  miles  N  W  of  Barba- 
docs.     N  lat.  14,  W  Ion.  61. 

LiiJlar.c,  a  towulliip  in  Hampfliirc  co. 
Maliachnfcttij,  S  of  Granby,  10  miles  N 
E  of  Springlicid,  and  90  W  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  contains 
6jo  inhabitants. 

LiiJloiv,  A  towndiip  on  Black  river, 
Windfor  co.  Vermont,  k  contains  410 
inhabitants,  and  \*  about  10  or  12  milci 
W  of  Weathcrsfield,  on  ConriC(i\iciit  U. 

Lue,St.  tiic  chief  town  of  tfie  captaiu- 
iliipof  Pcuigues,  In  the  N  diviiiou  of  I 
Brazil. 

Luie,  St.  a  parifli  in  Bcaufoit  diftritfl;,  1 
S.  Carolina. 

Lumberiun,  a  port  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  Robefcn  co.  qn  Drowning 
creek,  .32  miles  S  of  Faycttevilic,  and  93 
S  by  W  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  court  houfe 
and  about  30  dwelling  houl'cs. 

Lunenburg,  a  county  of  Virginia,  a  d- 
joining  Nottaway,  Brunfwick,  Mecklen- 
burg, and  Charlotte  counties.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  20  broad, and  contains 
4505  free  inhabitants,  and  5876  Haves. 
At  the  court  huufc  is  apod  office. 

Lunenburg,  a  townfliip  in  EfTex  CO.   in 
Vermont,  on  Connecticut  river,  S  W  of 
Guildhall,  and  N  E  of  Concord.    The 
river  takes  a  S  E  courfe  along  thcfe  towns,  i 
Separating  them  from  I^ancafter,  Dalton,  I 
ind  Littleton,  in  the  State  of  N.  Hamp-  \ 
fliirc.    The   Upper  Bjir  of  the  Fifteen  j 
mile  Falls  is  oppoiite  this  town.    The  { 
Cat  Bow,  a  bend  of  the  ConneiSicut,  is  ' 
«ear  (he  middle  of  the  town.    The  Up-  | 


per  Bar  lies  in  lat.  44  21  30.    The'to\ni« 
lliip  contains  393  inhabitant!). 

Ltinetil)ur«r,v>.  townlhip  of  Worccfterco. 
Maflachufctts,  on  an  elevated  fituacion^ 
25  miles  from  the  Great  Monadnock 
mountain  in  N.  H.impfliirc,  11  from 
V/atchuft'tt  mount'iin  in  this  ctnmty,  and 
45  miles  N  W  of  Boflon.  It  contain* 
i4,coo  acres  of  land,  on  which  arc  124,^ 
inhabitants  ;  and  is  much  more  rtmark- 
able  for  the  health  th.m  the  wraith  of  its 
pofleflbrs.  The  people  have  littic  trade 
or  intcrcourfe  with  the  nci!>lib«>ujini» 
country,  and  live  a  folitary  but  indcpen- 
di-nt  life.  The  nailing  bulinefs  is  carried. 
Oil  to  advantage.  There  is  a  hill  in  the 
middle  of  thr  townfiiip,  called  TurLy 
Hilt,  on  acco\int  of  the  grcut  number  of 
wild  turkics  uhieli  formerly  frtquentcd 
the  place,  and  which  denominated  the 
whole  tradV previous  to  its  incorporation' 
in  1738  ;  when  its  prefe-nt  name  was  giv- 
en to  it,  in  compliment  to  king  George 
U.  who  was  ftyled  Duke  of  Lunenburg, 
from  a  town  in  his'Gcrman  dominions. 
Lunenburg,  now  Ffj,:riinT.a,z  town  of  N. 
York,  Green  co.  on  the  W  ftdc  of  Hud- 
foii's  river,  oppoiite  to  the  city  of  Hud- 
Ibn,  and  30  miles  .S  of  Albany,  it  is  a 
thriving  village  of  about  20  or  30  houfes, 
chielly  new,  with  a  neat  Dutch  church, 
(landing  on  the  bank  of  the  rivtr.  A  new 
road  is  cutting  from  this  village  into  tiie  . 
fcttlcments  on  the  upper  branches  of  the 
Delaware  and  Sufquehanna  rivers,  whicU. 
will  probably  prove  highly  beneficial  to, 
the  town.  A  number  of  the  MeflVs.  Llv- 
ingflons  havcpurchafed  land  in  and  abou( 
this  village,  to  the  amount  of  /.ic.cco, 
and  have  laid  out  a  regular  town,  whicli 
will  be  a  rival  to  Kaats*  Kill,  5  milts  be- 
low. The  fcite  of  the  town  is  uneven, 
and  not  of  a  very  good  foil. 

Lunenburg,^  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  oa 
Mahonc  Bay,  on  the  S  co.tltof  the  prov-, 
ince,  facing  the  Atlantic  CXcean.  lis  chief 
towivs  are  New  Dublin,  Lunenburg,  Chcf- 
ter,  and  Blandford.  In  Mahone  Bay,  IjU 
Have,  and  Liverpool,  feveral  lliipa  trade, 
to  England  wth  timber  and  boards.  Chcf- 
ter  is  lettled  by  a  few  New  England  fam- 
ilies and  others  :  from  hence  to  Windfor 
is  a  road  the  diflance  of  25  miles. 

Lunenburg,  %  townfliip  in  the  above 
county,  lltuatcd  on  Merliqueth,  or  Merli- 
guafli'  Bay,  well  fettled  by  a  number  of 
induftrious  Germans.  The  lands  are 
good,  and  generally  well  cultivated.  It  ia. 
35  miles  SWbyS  of  Halifax,  and  27  N 
by  £  of  Liverpool 

Lurga»t 


►* 


Mj* 


LYM 

L^rg.in,  ft  townfliip  in  Pranldin  c«. 
Pcnnfylvania.      It  has  758  inhabitants. 

LiitterelU,  an  ifland  in  Machias  Bay, 
Mninc. 

Lutttrhct,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co. 
Vermoat,  N  of  Craftflrorough.  Hazen's 
Ko.vl,  which  extends  S  S  E  to  the  Oxbow 
on  Connecliciit  river,  palfcs  through  Lut- 
tcrlnclo    It  \\M  1%  inhabitants. 

Luzirne,  a  large  county  of  Pennfylva- 
nb,  bounded  N  by  Tioga  county,  in  N. 
York,  E  and  S  E  by  Northampton,  W  by 
Lycoming  and  Northumberland  counties. 
It  is  about  79  miles  in  length  from  N  to 
^,  and  TS  «n  breadth  from  £  to  W,  and  is 
divided  into  19  townfljips.  In  this  coun- 
tv  are  %  churches,  ^^  faw  mills,  24  grift 
mills,  2  fulling  mills,  and  i  oil  mill.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  12,839.  A  great 
part  of  the  county  is  barren  where  remote 
from  rivers.  It  is  v/ell  watered  by  the  E 
branch  of  Siifquehannah  river  and  its 
tributaries,  which  furnilh  numerous  and 
•KccUent  mill  feats.  The  foil  near  the 
river  is  remarkably  fertile,  producing 
good  crops  of  wheat,  flax,  and  hemp.  The 
N  parts  abound  with  pine,  timber  and  fu- 
gar  maple.  In  the  townfliips  of  Wilkf- 
harre,  Kingflon,  Exeter,  and  Plymouth 
arc  large  beds  of  coal.  Coal  and  Bog  iron 
is  found  in  fevcral  places,  and  two  forges 
have  been  eredled.  In  this  coimty  are 
many  remains  of  ancient  fortifications. 
They  are  of  an  eliptical  form,  and  over- 
grown with  large  white  oak  trees.  Chief 
town,  Wilklbarre. 

Lyeomtng,  a  county  in  the  N  W  part  of 
Pennfylvania,  bounded  N  by  the  State  of 
N.  York,  and  W  by  Alleghany  county.  It 
18  ijo  miles  long,  86  broad,  being  the 
largcft  in  the  State.  The  principal  rivers 
arc  the  Sufquehanna,  Tyoga,  Lycoming, 
I^oyalfoc,  Sinnemjhoning,  Alleghany,  To- 
by's, Sandy  Lick,  Pine,  and  Mohulbuc- 
tum.  The  N  and  W  parts  are  unfettled. 
It  is  divided  into  10  townfliips  and  con- 
tains 5414  inhabitants. 

Lycoming,  a  creek  which  runs  S,  and 
•mpties  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquehan- 
na, a  few  miles  W  of  Loyalfock  Creek. 
§ee  Lnyn.ljoch. 

Lycoming,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania,  40 
•vies  from  Northumberland,  and  66  from 
the  Painted  Poll  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 

Lymiin,  a  townfhip  in  Grafton  cok  N. 
Hamplhire,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain on  tlie  E  fide  of  CortneAicut  river, 
between  Littleton  and  Bath,  and  7  miles 
yj  by  N  of  New  Concord.  It  was  incorpo- 
isjtedic  1 761,  and  contain?  5 33  inhabitants. 


L  YN 

Lyman,  a  town  in  the  county  of  York, 
Maine,  (formerly  Coxball,)  N  of  Wells,  and 
E  of  Alfred,  adjoining  each. 

Lyme,  a  town  in  Grafton  CO.  N.  Hamp- 
(hirc.    See  Lyme. 

Lyme,  a  poK  town  in  New  London  co. 
Connecticut,  the  Ntbantict  of  the  Indians, 
is  on  the  E  fide  of  Connecticut  river,  at 
its  mouth  ;  bounded  S  by  Long  Illand 
Sound,  N  by  Haddam  and  Colcheucr,  and 
E  by  N.  London.  It  was  fettled  about  the 
year  1664,  and  was  incorporated  in  May 
1667.  Here  arc  three  parifhes,  befide 
a  congregation  of  Separatifls,  and  another 
of  Baptifts.  It  contains  4380  inhabit- 
ants. 

Lynchburg,  a.  poft  town  of  Virginia,  ia 
Bedford  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  James  river, 
nearly  oppofite  to  Maddifon,  and  one  mile 
diltant.  Here  are  about  100  houfes,  and 
a  large  ware  houfe  for  the  infpcdtion  of 
tobacco.  There  is  alfo  a  printing  office 
which  ifiiies  a  weekly  gaisette.  In  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  town  are  feveral  valuable 
merchant  mills.  It  is  12  miles  from  New 
London,  23  from  CabelUburg,  50  from 
Prince  Edward's  court  houfe,  150  W  by 
N  of  Riclunond,  and  408  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Lyrchville,  a  poft  town  Marion  co.  8. 
Carolina,  450  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Lyndelorough,  a  townfhip  in  Hilllborough 
CO.  N.  Hampfhire,  about  70  miles  from 
Portfmouth.  It  w^s  incorporated  in  the 
year  1764.    It  contains  976  inhabitants. 

Lyndon,  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont,  lies  N  of  St.  Johnfbury,  and  S 
of  Billymcad  and  Burke.  It  contains  622 
inhabitants. 

Zjr/Kr,,^^^?!// of  the  Indians)  a  maritime 
poft  town  in  EfTex  co  Maflachufetts,  on 
a  bay  which  fets  up  from  that  of  MaflTa* 
chufetts,  N  £  of  Bofton  Bay.  and  about  9 
miles  N  by  E  of  the  town  of  Bofton.  The 
compact  part  of  the  town  forms  a  very 
long  ftreet.  The  townfliip  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 637,  and  contains  2837  inhabit- 
ants. Here  rire  two  pariflies,  belide  a 
fociety  of  Methodifts,  and  a  large  number 
of  Friends.  The  bufinefs  which  makes 
the  greateft  figure,  and  ^ui-  .-hich  the 
town  of  Lynn  is  celebrateii,  >r,  the  manu- 
facture of  women's  filk  and  cloth  fThoes. 
Thefe  are  dtfpofed  of  at  Bofton,  Salem, 
and  other  commercial  towns,  and  fold  for 
home  ufe,  or  ihip|ied  to  the  Southern 
States,  and  to  the  W.  Indies.  By  a  calcu- 
lation made  in  1802,  it  appeared  that  more 
than  400,000  pair  of  fhi^es  were  made  in 
this  town.    Lynn  Beach  may  be  reckoned 

ii  cuii'jii'v. 


3  ruriofity. 
conneiasthe 
the  miiin  lam 
refort  for  par 
Charleftown, 
the  fummer  ft 
a  race  ground 
latcd,  being  h 
mineral  fprinf 
in  the  limits  o 
tie  note. 

Lynn  River, '. 
in  the  townlli 
ning  from  thei 
townfliip  of  W 
to  Lake  Erie, 
water  on  the 
for  batteaux. 

LynnJielJ,  a  tc 
chufetts.NEo 
E  of  Bofton.  I 
and  contains  4< 
Lynnhaven  Ba 
peak  Bay,  and 
river  empties  it^ 
mouth  of  Jamci 
The  mouth  of 
Gape  Henry, 
moored  the  prin 
*lect,  at  the  bl( 
178Z. 

Lyons,  a  villag 

of  Phelps,  N.Yo 

and  Canandarqu 

Geneva,  and  ab<l 

village  is  fituatcJ 

with  excellent  aj 

Tey^ance,  and  reJ 

Gmilarity  of  its] 

France.  \ 

LyfanJer,  a  to] 

N.  York,  incorpj 

prehendsthe  mil 

snd  Cicero.    ThI 

Mlhe  Three  Ri| 

i^milesSEofJ 

inhabitants. 

Aiy^A-a,  a  fmall  L 
tacky,  fituated  oj 
fork,  a  S  branci 
2  J. 


M. 


AArEA,  oJ 

in  the  S.  Sea,  S  la) 
Macapa,  a  towl 
i^mazon  river,  \« 
louth  of  the  rivl 
'f  the  equinoCti;! 
>'ox.  I. 


MAC 


MAC 


don  CO. 
Indians, 
river,  at 
g  Illand 
ftcr,  and 
bout  the 
in  May 
I,  befide 
I  another 
inhabit- 

rginia,  ia 
ne»  river, 
[  one  mile 
ufcs,  and 
cdlion  of 
ing  office 
In  the  vi- 

valuable 
rom  Nevr 

50  from 
[JO  W  by 
of  PUila- 

ion  CO.  8. 
ngton. 
.lllborough 
niles  from 
ated  in  the 
,abitants. 
»donia  co. 
mry,  and  S 
ntains  61a 

a  maritime 
hufett»,  on 

of  Maffa- 
nd  about  9 
ofton.   The 
)rm8  3  very 
as  incorpo- 
[37  inhabit- 
18,  befide  a 
rge  number 
vhich  makes 
-hich  the 
r,  the  manu- 
cloth  flioes. 
jfton,  Salem, 

and  fold  for 
ic    Southern 

By  a  calcii- 

ed  that  more 
ere  made  in 
be  reckoned 
ii  cuii'jiVy' 


acurioiity.  It  is  a  mile  in  length,  and 
conneiStsthc  peainfula  called  Xab^nt  vfhh 
the  m;»in  land.  This  is  a  place  of  much 
refort  tor  parties  of  pleafure  from  Bofton, 
Charleftown,  Salem,  Marblehead,  &c.  in 
the  fummer  feafon.  The  beach  is  ufed  as 
a  race  ground,  for  which  it  is  well  calcu- 
lated, being  Icyel,  fmootli,  and  hard.  A 
mineral  fpring  has  been  difcovered  with- 
in the  limits  of  the  townfliip,  but  is  of  lit- 
tle note. 

Ly/tn  River,  Norfolk  co.  U.  Canada,  rifes 
in  the  townlhip  of  Windham,  and  run- 
ning from  thence  foutherly  through  the 
townfljlp  of  Woodhoufe,  empties  itfelf  in- 
to I^ake  Erie,  where  it  has  about  3  feet 
water  on  the  bar  ;  it  i*  a  good  harbour 
for  batteaux.  Smyth. 

LynnJletJ,  atownfliip  in  EiTex  co.  MaiTa- 
chufetts.N  E  of  Salem,  and  15  miles  N  by 
E  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 78a, 
and  contains  468  inhabitants. 

Lynnhaven  Bay,  at  the  S  end  of  Chcfa- 
peak  Bay,  and  into  which  Lynnhaven 
river  empties  its  waters,  lias  between  the 
mouth  of  James's  river  and  Cape  Henry. 
The  mouth  of  the  river  is  7  miles  W  of 
Gape  Henry.  Here  Compte  de  Grane 
moored  the  principal  part  of  the  French 
Uect,  at  the  blockade  of  York  Town  in 
1781. 

Lyens,  a  Village  in  Ontario  co.  townfliip 
I  of  Phelps,  N.  York,  at  the  jundtion  of  Mud 
and  Canandarque  Creeks,  16  miles  Nof 
Geneva,  and  about  20  S  of  Sodus.  This 
village  is  fituatcd  in  a  very  fine  country, 
with  excellent  advantages  for  water  con- 
Teyance,  and  received  its  name  from  the 
liimilarity  of  its  fituation,  to  Lyons  in 
I  France. 

Lyfander,  a  towndiip  in  Onondago  co. 
I N.  York,  incorporated  in  1794,  and  com- 
I  prehends  the  military  tov/ns  of  Hannibal 
land  Cicero.  The  town  meetings  are  held 
1  at  the  Three  Rivers  in  this  town.  It  is 
1 16  miles  S  E  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  has  ill 
I  inhabitants. 

/.■^r<7,  a  fmill  town  in  Nelfon  co.  Ken- 
Itocky.fituated  on  a  W  water  of  Rolling 
I  Fork,  a  S  branch  of  Salt  river.    N  lat.  37 


m 


M 


AATEAyOxitoithe  Society  Idands, 
the  S.  Sea, Slat.  17  5a,  W  Ion.  148  i. 
Macapa,  a  town  on  the  N  W  bank  of 
azon  river,  Wof  Caviana  illand,  at  the 
louth  of  the  river,  and  a  few  minutes  N 
if  the  equinoctial  line. 
i'ox.I.  Pp 


Mints,  the  fouthern  diftriil  of  Ouixoi,  1 
government* of  Peru,  bounded  E  by  the 
government  of  Maynas  ;  S  by  that  of 
Bracamoros  and  Yagu.irfongo  ;  and  on 
the  W,  the  E  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  fep- 
arates  it  from  the  jurifdidtions  of  Riobam- 
ba  and  Cuenca.  Its  capital  is  the  city  of 
Miicas,  the  name  commonly  given  to  the 
whole  country.  It  produces,  in  threat 
plenty,  grain  and  fruits,  copal,  and  wild 
wax ;  but  the  chief  occupation  of  the 
country  people  is  the  cultivation  of  tobac- 
co. Sugar  canes  tiirive  alfo  here,  as  alfo 
cotton  ;  but  the  dread  of  the  wild  Indian* 
prevents  the  inhabitants  from  planting 
more  than  fervcs  for  prefcnt  ufe.  Here 
are  cinnamon  trees,  faid  to  be  of  fuperior 
quality  to  thofe  of  Ceylon.  There  arc  aU 
fo  mines  of  ultra  niannc,  from  which  very 
little  is  extracted,  but  a  finer  colour  can- 
not be  imagined.  Among  the  vail  varie- 
ty of  trees  which  crowd  the  woods,  is  the 
ftorax,  whofe  gum  is  cxquifitely  fragrant, 
but  fcarcc. 

Mac  Gillivray's  Plantation,  on  Coofa  riv- 
er, is  a  little  above  the  Old  French  fort 
Alabamous. 

Machala,  a  town  of  Guayaquil,  on  tha 
coad  of  Tumbez,  in  Peru,  in  a  declining 
ftate.  The  jurifdii'lion  of  the  fame  name 
produces  great  quantities  of  cocoa,  reck- 
oned the  befl  in  all  Guayaquil.  Init* 
neighbourhood  are  great  numbers  of  man- 
gles, or  mangrove  trees,  whofe  fpreading 
branches  and  thick  trunks  cover  all  the 
plains  ;  which  lying  low  are  frequently 
overflown.  This  tree  divides  itfelf  into 
very  knotty  and  dlftorted  branches,  and 
from  each  knot  a  multitude  of  others  ger- 
minate, forming  an  impenetrable  thicket. 
The  wood  of  the  mangrove  tree  is  fo  hea- 
vy, as  to  fmk  in  water,  and  when  ufed  in 
fliips,  &c.  is  found  very  durable,  beiag 
fiibjeift  neither  to  fplit  or  rot.  The  In- 
di.nns  of  thisjutifdidtion  pay  their  annual 
tribute  in  the  wood  of  the  mangrove 
tree. 

Alachan^ara,  a  rivet  formed  by  the 
junction  of  feveral  ftreams,  ifluing  from 
the  S  and  W  fides  of  the  Paneciilo  or 
Sugar  Loaf  mountain,  on  the  S  \V  fid'? 
of  Quito,  in  Peru.  It  wallies  the  S  part* 
of  the  citv,  and  has  a  (lone  bridge  over  it. 

Madiias,  a  port  of  entiy,  port  town  and 
feat  of  juflice,  in  Wafliington  CO.  Maine, 
fituatcd  on  a.  bay  of  its  own  name,  20 
miles  S  W  of  Paflamaquoddy,  q$  E  by  N 
of  Peuobfcot,  and  236  N  E  of  Portland, 
in  47  57  N  lat.  It  is  a  thriving  pl;uc, 
and  carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  tu 

Bofti«. 


MAC 


MAC 


Boflon  and  the  W.  Indies  in  fifli,  lumber, 
&c.  A  ri!<jiilar  p'.>ft  between  thi^  towa 
and  Malii'iix,  in  Nova  Scotia,  has  been 
eflitbli(lu;d.  The  name  of  the  town  is 
altered  iruni  tlie  Indian  niiine  AlechiHeii, 
^ivcn  to  the  river  in  the  oldefl  maps.  It 
u  4ooniili.'4  NE  uf  Uudon, ana  about  300 
by  water.  Karly  attempts  were  made  to 
fettle  here,  but  the  firft  permanent  fcttle- 
ment  was  made  in  ijd.h  by  15  pcrfons  of 
bot!i  I'exes  from  Scarborough,  in  Cum- 
berland CO. and  in  1784  the  town  was  in- 
corporated. Tlie  chief  fettlements  are 
at  tlie  E  and  W  Falls,  and  at  Middle  riv- 
er. u/IuMiis  Kkicr,  after  running  a  north 
courfe,  6  miles  dirtance  from  Crols  ill- 
and,  (which  forms  its  entrance)  I'eparates 
at  a  place  called  lie  Kim  -,  one  branch 
taking  a  N  £  diredioui  runs  i\  miles, 
with  a  width  of  30  rods  to  tJie  head  of 
the  tide,  where  arc  two  doable  law  milU, 
and  one  grifl  mill.  The  main  branch 
runs  a  N  W  courfe,  ixearly  3  miles,  and  is 
70  rods  wide,  to  the  head  of  the  tide, 
v/here  are  two  double  aiid  fingle  faw 
mills,  and  two  grift  mills.  The  chief  fet- 
tlement  ii  at  W  Falls,  the  county  couTtjr 
bein^  held  and  the  gaol  ere<Sted  there. 
The  main  channel  of  the  river  takes  its- 
courfe  to  thafe  falls,  which,  thoughcrook- 
ed  and  narrow,  admit.)  velTcIs  of  burden 
to  load  at  the  wharves  within  50  rods  of 
the  mills.  This  advantage  no  other  part 
of  the  town  can  enjoy.  The  entrance  of 
Machias  river  is  in  N  lat.  44  35,  W  Ion. 
<J6  56.  The  to  .vn  is  divided'  into  4  dif- 
tf idts  for  the  fapport  of  Iclwols ;  and  in- 
to %  fof  the  convenience  of  public  wor- 
iliip.  -  Itt'i  79a  Wafliington  academy  was 
eftabliflud'here.  The  general  court  in- 
corporated a  number  of  gentlemen  as 
truftees,  and  gave  for  its  fupport  a  towii- 
flilp  of  land.  In  1790  the  town  con- 
tuined  818,  and  in'  1^0,  1014  inhabit- 
ants. The:  exports  of  Machias  conllft 
principally  of  lu.nibcr,  viz;  boards,  flun- 
gk'?,  ciap'.ioarti:'.,  laths,  and  various  kinds 
of  hcwc'l  timber.  The  cod  filliery  might 
be  carried  on  to  advantage,  though  it 
has  been  greatly  neijiedled.  In  1793, 
between  70  and  80  tons  were  employed 
ill  the  liiliery  ;  and  not  above  500  quin- 
tals were  exported.  The  faw  mills,  of 
Avhich  there  are  17,  cut  on  an  average 
three  million  feet  of  boards  annually.  A 
preat  proportion  of  timber  is  ufually 
lliipped  in  iiritilh  velTels.  The  total  a- 
mount  of  exports  annually  exceeds 
15,000  dollars.  From  Machias  Bay  to 
the  mauih  of  St.  Croix,  thtrc  arc  a  great 


many  fine  iflands ;  but  the  navigation  !». 
gcuerally  without  thel'c  in  the  open  fca. 
In  the  year  1704,  when  Col.  Church 
made  au  attack  on  the  French  planta- 
tion on  the  river  Schoodick,  he  found 
<me  Luttcrelle,  a  French  nobleman,  on 
one  of  thefe  iflands,  and  removed  him. 
The  iflaud  ftili  retains  his  name. 

Alac  Cotvan't  For  J,  on  Catabaw  river, 
is  upwards  of  500  feet  wide,  and  about 
3  feet  dwcp.  Lord  Cornwallis  croli'ed 
here  in  putluit  of  the  Amcricaiu  in  1781, 
in  his  way  to  Hilliborough. 

Mjc  Iiitojb,  a  county  in  the  Lower  dif- 
triifl  of  Georgia,  between  Liberty  and 
Glynn  counties,  on  the  Alatamaha  river. 
It  is  divided  into  4  towns,  and  contains 
2660  inhabitants  ;  uf  whom  1819  arc 
naves. 

Aiiic  Keazit's  River,  in  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America,  rifes  in  Slave  Lake,  runs 
a  N  N  W  courfe,  and  receives  a  number 
of  large  rivers,  many  of  which  arc  250 
yards  wide,  a«id  fome  arc  12  fathom»- 
decp  at  the  influx.-  It  empties  into  the 
N.  Sea,  at  Whale  Ifland  in  lat.  69  14, 
between  130  and  135  W  Ion.  after  a 
courfe  of  780  mile*  from  Slave  Lake.  It 
has  its  name  from  Mr.  M'Kenzie,  who 
afcendcd  this  river  in  the  fummer  of 
1789.  He  eredted  a  port  with  his  name 
engraven  on  it,  on  Whale  Ifland,  at  the 
mouth  of  this  river.  He  faw  there  a  num- 
ber of  men  and  canoes,  alfo  a  number  of 
animals  refembling  pieces  of  ice,  fuppofed 
by  him  to  be  whales  ;  probably  fea  horfes, 
defcribed  by  Captain  Cook.  I'he  tidewas 
obfcryed  to  rife  16  or  18  inches.  In  fome 
places  the  current  of  the  river  makes  a 
hifllng  noife  like  a  boiling  pot.  It  palTes 
through  the  (lony  mountains,  and  has 
great  part  of  that  range  on  the  W  fide.- 
The  Indian  nations,  inhabiting  the  W 
fide  from  the  Slave  Lake  are  the  Strong- 
bow,  Mountain,  and  Hare  Indians ;  thofe 
on  theE  fide,  the  Beaver,  Inland,  Nathana, 
and  Quarrelers.  An  account  of  Macken- 
zie's difcoveries  in  thefe  regions  is  given 
under  the  head  of  Nartb  Americj,  which 
fee. 

Macoletfj,  or  MiicohU-b't  Riwr,  Gnat, 
empties  into  the  Milllfippi  from  the  N  W 
in  N  lat.  42  23.  Little  Mjcoketh  falls 
through  the  E  bank  of  the  Millifippi, 
about  45  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Great 
Macokcth,  and  op})ofitc  to  the  old  Lead 
mine. 

Macopin,  a  fmall  river,  which  empties 
into  the  Illinois,  from  the  S  E,  18  mile* 
from  the  MiOlfippi ;  ii   20  yards  wide.  I 

asA 


««>a  navigable 
fliore  is  low  or 
can,  maple,  afli 
land  abounds  v 
with  high  wcct 
■Micoriz,  a  fr 
the  illand  of  Si 
of  the  city  ofS 

Mjcungy,  a  t 

■CO,  Fcnnfylvanii 
Mid,  a  river, 
rapid  branch  ol 
a  S  W  courfe. 
parting  through 
of  the  grcateft  f 
Madame,  W^  f 
GutofCanIo,  a 
and  is  oppofitc  1 
of  Nova  Scotia, 
and  lies  1 4  miles  1 
Cape  Breton  iflai 
are  dependent  01 
Madbury,  a  to' 
N.  Hamplhire,  Ix 
ham,  about  10  m 
It  was  incorporac 
inhabitants. 

Madifon,  a  coa^ 
edNEbyCulpcf 
by  Shenandoah  c< 
fquare,  watered  1 
Hobfon  rivers. 
inhabitant8,iand 

Madi/on,  a  con 
?oining  Fayette, 
Mercer  counties, 
•habitants,  of  whoi 
town,  Milford. 

Madfei!,  a  fmal 
CO.  Virginia  ;  on 
river,  oppofite  L3 
miles  W  by  N  of 
Madifon's  Cave, 
celebrated  cave  i 
ttie  N  fide  of  the 
IjiU  of  about  2oof« 
'he  afcent  of  w 
fteep,  that  you  mj 
'ts  fummit  into 
't3bafe.    Theeni 
tnis  fide,  about  t^ 
It  extends  into  tl 
'•rauching     into 
lometimes  afeend 
generally  defcenci 
minates  in  two  dij^ 
of  water  of  unknl 
appear  to  be  neal 
Water  of  the  rJvJ 
eave  is  of  folid  jl 


TdAO 


TtAS 


%nd  navigable  9  miles  to  the  hllN.  The 
fliure  !s  low  un  both  tides,  clad  with  pec- 
can,  maple,  afl\,  button  wood,  &c.  The 
land  abounds  with  timber,  and  is  covered 
witii  high  weeds. 

Mjcoriz,  a  fmall  river  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  illand  of  St.  Doininjjo  ;  i6  leagues  E 
of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 

Al.icungy,  a  townlhip  in  Northampton 
£o.  fcnnfylvdnia, having  1844  inhabitants. 
Mid,  a  river,  called  aifo  Pitkatva  Furk,a. 
rapid  branch  of  the  great  Miami,  having 
a  S  W  courfe.  It  is  a  beautiful  ftrcaip, 
puffing  through  a  pleafant  level  couutry 
of  the  grcateft  fertility. 

Madumi,  IJliy  forms  the  N  E  fide  of  the 
Gut  of  Canfo,  as  you  enter  from  the  S  E, 
and  is  oppofite  to  the  cadern  extremity 
of  Nova  Scotia.  The  N  point  of  the  iil- 
andiies  i4mile»Sof  St.  Peter's  harbour.in 
Cape  Breton  ifland.  The  ifles  dc  Madame 
.are  dependent  on  Cape  Breton  ifland. 

Madbiiry,  a  townlliip  in  Strafford  co. 
N.  Hamplhire,  lietween  Dover  and  Dur- 
ham, about  10  miles  N  \V  of  Portfmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1755,  and  has  544 
inhabitants. 

Madifon,  a  coapty  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  E  by  Culpepper,  S  by  Orangu.and  W 
by  Shenandoah  co.  It  is  about  .^o  miles 
fquare,  watered  by  the  Rapid  Ann,  and 
Robfon  rivers.  It  contains  4886  free 
iu!iabitant8,(and  3436  Jlavcs 

Madifon,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  ad- 
pining  Fayette,  Clarke,  Lincoln,  and 
Mercer  counties.  It  contains  10,380  in- 
.habitants,of  whom  1688  are  (laves.  Chief 
town,  Milford. 

Mad'fen,  a  fmall  pod  town  of  Anilierfi 
CO.  Virginia  ;  on  ihe  N  fide  of  James's 
river,  oppofite  Lynchburg.  It  lies  ijo 
miles  W  by  N  of  Richmond. 

Madifon  s  Cave,  the  largeft  and  moft 
celebrated  cave  in  Virginia,  fituatcd  on 
tiie  N  fide  of  the  Blue  lUdgc.  It  is  in  a 
hill  of  about  200 feet  perpendicular  height, 
the  afcent  of  wh'ch,  on  ouc.hde  is  fo 
fteep,  that  you  may  pitch  a  bifcuit  from 
its  fummit  into  the  river  which  waflies 
itsbafe.  The  entrance  of  the  cave  is  in 
this  fide,  about  two  thirds  of  the  way  up. 
It  extends  into  the  earth  about  300  feet, 
hraiiching  into  fubordrnate  caverns, 
fometimes  afcending  a  little,  but  mort; 
generally  defcending,  and  at  length  ter- 
minates in  two  different  places,  at  bafons 
of  water  of  unknown  extent,  and  which 
appear  to  be  nearly  on  a  level  with  the 
Water  of  the  river.  The  vault  of  this 
cave  is  of  folid  limeftonc,  from  ao  to  40 


or  50  feet  high*  through  which  water  U 
continually  cxudating.  This  trickling 
down  the  fides  of  the  cave,  has  incruded 
them  over  in  the  form  of  tle^'ant  dra- 
pery ;  and  dripping  from  the  top  of  (he 
vault, generates  on  that,  Hud  on  (he  bafe 
below,  Aalatftitcs  of  a  conical  form,  fomc 
of  which  have  mut  and  formed  large 
maffy  columns. 

M.idcm,  or  ALiJdni,  one  of  the  large fl 
branches  of  the  faniou.s  Maranon  or  liT- 
cr  of  Ama/on.s,  in  S.  America.  In  1741, 
the  Portiigticle  failed  up  this  Hrcani,  till 
they  found  thcmfelves  near  SmtaCruz; 
de  U  Sierra,  between  lat.  17  and  iC  S. 
From  the  nioutli  ot  this  river  in  lat.  3  20 
S,  the  Mnranon  is  known  nmong  the  in- 
habitantsby  the  name  of  the  nvtr  of 
Ama/ons  ;  and  upwards  they  give  it  the 
name  of  the  river  of  Solimoes.  At  l.oret- 
to,  the  Madera  receives  two  branches 
frtwi  the  S.  From  Lorctto  to  Trinidad 
in  lat.  15  S,its  coiirfc  h  N  ;  Ihcncc  toit« 
mouth  itsgtntral  courfe  isN£  by  N  and  N. 

Madredi-Dlat,  Pari.  ScC  Cbiifliti-ia,  U. 
Alfb  Rcfolution  B.,y. 

Madrt  (/.•  Popii,  a  town  and,  convent  of 
.Terra  Firmn  in  S.  America-,  fiiuated  on 
the  river  Grande,  or  M.Hgdalcna.  Tlie 
pilgrim.;  in  S.  America  reipccfl  this  relig- 
ious found;ition  with  zoal,  and  refort  to 
it  in  great  numbers  j  ma.iy  m'racK's  being 
laid  to  have  been  wroiiglit  here  by  the 
Holy  Virgin,  in  favour  of  the  Spanifli 
fleets  and  their  failors,  who  arc  tlure- 
forcvery  liberni  iu  their  donations  at  her 
flirinc.  It  lies  .<4  milcR  E  of  Carthagcr.a, 
N  lat.  10  51,  W  Ion.  76  15. 

Madrid,  Neii\  in  Louifiana,  on  the  W 
bank  of  the  Miflifippi.  •  See  A'ew  MaJriiL 
Two  milesW  of  'lie  town  are  the  plains 
and  highlands,  whicii  are  not  of  the  firft 
quality.  Between  thcfe  plains  and  the 
town  is  a  fwamp,  through  which  a  body 
of  water  from  tlie  Milfifippi  paflei  when 
the  river  is  full,  li  is  a  commandant's 
Aation.  EU-cott. 

M.idiiaitl,  a  town  nf  Fopriyan,  in  S.  A- 
mcrica.     N  lat.  O  50,  W'  Ion.  75  45. 

Mjvdalin  IJlcs,  a  clufttr  of  iik»  N  E  of 
the  illcof  St.  John's,  and  N  W  of  th?,t  of 
Cape  Breton,  i.i  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  ; 
fituated  between  47  13,  and  47  42  N  lat. 
and  in  61  40  W  Ion  They  are  inhabit- 
ed by  a  few  fifliernien.  Sea  cows  iifcd  to 
ftecpient  them;  but  they  are  now  become 
fearcc.  Thcfe  illes  have  been  fatal  to 
many  vcflcls.  The  chief  nf  them  are  the 
Dead  Man,  F.utry,  antl  Romea  iflands. 
Seamen  witli  to  nia'iic  them  in  fair  wcatii- 


E,v 


W .      H 


MACS; 


MAO 


«r,  as  they  ferve  thcni  to»  take  a  new  de- 
parture ;  luit  in  foggy  weather  or  Mowing 
vcalhcr  ilicy  a«  lludiouHy  avoid  them. 

MjgcigauJutvmigum,  or  Loch  I.ale,  the 
largcft  iiiiintuia  ol  the  Magslcadawa  Riv- 
c»'.  It  receives  3  flrcanM,  Northern,  Mid- 
dle and  Southern,  which  all  enter  this 
lake  coming  in  from  the  weft  ward,  and 
continue  in  a  ftream  of  the  fame  name 
a!)out  5  miles  to  its  confluence  with  Pc- 
gialegchaugum. 

Aliigdjlena,  La,  one  of  the  Marquefas' 
Ilbnds,  in  the  S.  Sea  ;  r.bout  6  leagues  in 
circuit,  and  hats  a  harbour  under  a  moun- 
tain on  its  S  fide  nearly  in  lat.  10  25  S, 
Ion.  138  jO  V/. 

MiigJ.iLttit,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
empties  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  W  by  S 
of  Mcxicano  river. 

M.imlali-na,  a  l.irge  river,  the  two  prin- 
cipal lources  of  which  are  at  no  great  dif- 
tancc  from  the  city  of  Popayan,  in  Terra 
Firma.  Bclcazar,  by  going  down  this  riv- 
er, found  a  panVgc  to  the  N.  Sca»  The 
river,  after  uniting  its  waters  with  the 
C'anco,  takc.i  tlic  name  of  Grande,  and 
falls  into  the  N.  Sea,  bilow  the  town  of 
Madre  dc  Poj)*.  The  banks  of  this  great 
river  Hrc  well  inhabited, and  it  hasacourfc 
of  above  2CO  leagues.  Its  mouth  is  much 
frcqnentcd  by  fniugglcrs,  and  conveys  to 
Carthagcnathe  produ<!lion»  of  New  Gran- 
ad^,  viz.  gold  and  grain.  Among  many 
other  confiderable  pl.-icts  on  its  bankH  arc 
Matambito,  Tencrillc,  Talaygua,  Mon- 
pox,  Tamalamcquc,  &c. 

MagJ.ilene,  Cafe «/',  a  promontory  in  the 
centre  of  Canada,  where  there  is  an 
iron  mine,  which  promifcs  great  advan- 
tages, both  with  regard  to  the  goodnefs 
of  the  mct,il,  and  the  plenty  of  the  ore. 

J\fjs;c-as  SoiitiJ,  on  the  N  \V  coaft  of  N. 
America,  is  in  Wafliington's  Illands,  or 
■what  the  Britifli  call  Edward's,  or  Chnr- 
lottc's  Iflcs,f()  called  by  two  different  cap- 
tains on  their  lirft  falling  \a  with  them. 
.1  ,it.  ^7,  46  N, Ion.  13 1  4fi  W.  This  found 
is  divided  by  Dorr's  Illand  into  2  parts, 
leading  into  one.  The  other  port  is  call- 
ed Pot  Perkins. 

//f.ii;tsr,iJii-viri,  or  M.tgacadava,  or  E.iJI- 
ern  River,  falls  into  the  bSy  of  PalTaina- 
ijuockly,  and  is  fuppofcd  to  be  the  true 
.St.  Croix,  which  forms  part  of  the  E 
boundary  Hue  between  the  United  States 
and  New  Brunfwick. 

Migcilaii,  Utraits  ff,  at  the  S  extremity 
of  S.  America,  lie  between  5  a  and  54  S 
lat.  ai»d  between  76  and  84  W  Ion.  Thcfe 
i\ii\Zi  have  Patiigonia  on  the  N,  and  the 


iflands  of  Terra  del  Fucgo  en  the  S,  and 
extend  from  E  to  W  1 10  leagues,  but  the 
breadth  in  fomc  phcrs  falls  thort  of  one. 
They  were  lirft  dil'covcred  by  Magellan, 
or  Magtlhaens,  a  P(  rtugutfe,  in  the  ler- 
vice  of  Spain,  who,  in  1520,  found  out 
thereby  a  paflagc  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  ocean.  He  was  the  Urft  navi- 
gator  who  failed  round  the  world. 

Magilluiiiii,  or  7crra  MagcUunica,  a  vaft 
tra(5l  of  land,  extending  from  the  prov- 
ince of  Rio  de  la  Plata,  quite  to  the  ut- 
moft  verge  of  S.  America,  viz.  from  lat. 
35  to  54  8,  The  river  Sinfundo  divides 
the  W  part  from  the  S  of  Chili ;  the  N 
part  of  it  alfo  borders  on  Chili,  and  Cu- 
yo  or  Chicuito  on  the  W.  The  S.  Sea 
Itoundi  it,  in  patt,  on  the  W.  The  N, 
ocean  wholly  on  the  £,  and  Slndts  r.f 
Magellan  on  the  S.  Magellan  .I'mfdi 
made  no  great  difcovcries  in  tf'is  coun- 
try, except  the  two  capes, of  Virgins  and 
Defirc.  The  two  principal  natirns  dif- 
covtred  by  the  miflionarics,are,  the  Chu- 
nians  and  Huilhns  ;  the  former  inhiibit 
the  continent,  and  feveral  illands,  to  the 
northward  of  the  Huiilans,  who  inhabit 
the  country  near  MagclLin  Straits  The 
foil  is  generally  birren,  hardly  bearing 
any  grain,  and  liie  trees  exhibit  a  dirnial 
afpetfl ;  fu  that  11.  inhabitants  live  mif- 
erabiy  in  a  cold,  inhdfpitable  climate. 
The  tluillans  are  not  numerous,  being 
hunted  li'iccwild  beafts,  bythc  Chunians, 
who  fell  them  for  (laves.  The  other  na- 
tions are  not  known,  much  lefs  their  ge- 
nius or  manner  of  living.  The  eafterii 
coafts  of  Magellan  are  generally  low, 
abounding  with  bogs,  and  have  feveral 
illands  near  the  fliorc  ;  the  moft  remark- 
able of  which  is  the  Ille  of  Penguins,  fu 
called  from  a  bird  of  that  name  which 
abounds  on  it.  The  illands  S  of  the  llriiits 
arc  Terra  del  Fuego  ;  as  there  is  a  volci- 
no  in  the  largeft  of  them,  emitting  fire  ami 
fmokc,  and  appears  terrible  in  the  night. 
The  Spaniards  eretflcd  a  fort  on  this  ftrair, 
and  placed  a  garrifon  in  it  ;  but  the  mea 
were  ail  ftarved. 

Mtiguana,  St.  John  0/,  a  canton  and  town 
on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, is  on  the  left  fide  of  the  river  Ncybc. 
The  capital  of  the  ancient  Indian  kingdom 
of  Maguana,  ftood  where  the  town  St. 
John  of  Maguana  is  fituattd.  The  an-  i 
eient  capital  difappeared  with  the  unfor- 
tunate priucc  Anacoana.  This  canton 
was  pillaged  by  the  Englifli  privateers, in 
1543.  In  1764  the  diftrit^  of  the  new 
parifl^  contained  3600  pcrfons,  of  whom 


i  • 


MM 

jOO  \ffte  capable  of  bearing  arms.  Itt 
population  amount!  now  to  more  than 
jooo  louU. 

Mtiliiitiiimaci,  a  river  wliirb  falU  into 
the  Delaware  from  the  N  li  at  tlic  N  W 
corner  of  N.  Jerfcy. 

MahuHt  U.iy,iM\  theroaflof  N'lva  Sco- 
tia, it  fcparatcd  from  Mnrgarct'j  bay  by 
the  promontory  on  wtiich  is  tlic  nigh 
land  of  Afpocagocn. 

MuLoiiiu^,  aiownHilp  on  Suf«iuc!iann:i 
river,  in  Pcnnfylvani.i. 

Mubonoy,  a  townlbip  on  Sufquchanna 
river,  in  Pcnnfylvania,  having  iiozin- 
liabitants. 

MjiJenbtad,  a  fmall  neat  village  in  Hun- 
terdon CO.  N.  Jerfcy,  having  a  Frefbyte- 
rian  church,  halfway  between  Princeton 
and  Trenton, on  the  great  port  road  from 
N.  York  to  Philadelpliia  ;  6  miles  from 
each.  The  townfliip  of  Maidc  niicad  con- 
tained in  1790  103Z  inhabitants. 

Mui,ifla>ii,  a  towndiip  in  EtVex  co.  in 
Vermont,  on  Connecticut  river,  contain- 
ing 152  inhabitants. 

Mii'uljlone  7'o%vn/n!j),n.  Canada,  lic»  be- 
tween Sandv/ich  und  Rochcftcr,  upon  L. 
£iic. 

Afjirte,  D'JliiH  of,  belonging  to  MaiTa- 
chufetcs,  is  iituated  between  lat.  43  and 
48  15  N,  and  between  Ion.  64  53  and  70 
39  W  ;  bounded  N  by  L.  Canada,  E  by 
the  province  of  New  Brunfwick,  S  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  W  by  N.  Hampfliire. 
Maine  is  in  length,  on  an  average,  200 
miles,  and  its  average  breadth  aoo 
mile*  ;  containing  40,000  fqirre  miles,  or 
35,6oo,coo  acres.  It  is  divided  into  6 
counties,  viz.  York,  Cumberland,  Lin- 
coln, Kcnncbeck,  Hancock,  and  Wafliing- 
ton  ;  thcfc  are  fubdivided  into  upwards 
of  200  incorporated  townfliips  ;  inhabit- 
ed by  151,719  fice  people.  The  chief 
towns  arc  Portland  the  metropolis,  York, 
Wells,  Brunfwick,  Wifeaffet,  Hallo- 
well,  Bath,  )yaldoborougb,  Penobfcot, 
and  Machias.  The  chief  rivers  are  Pe- 
nobfcot, Kennebeek,  Saco,  Androfcoggin, 
St.  Croix,  &c.  befide  a  vafl  number  of 
fmall  rivers.  The  moft  noted  lakes  arc 
Moofchead,  Scoodic,  Sebacook,  and  Um- 
bagog.  The  chief  bays  nre  thofc  of  Cafco, 
Penobfcot,  Machias,  Saco,  and  PaiTama^ 
quoddy.  The  moA  remarkable  capes  arc 
thofc  of  Neddock,  Porpoifc,  Elizabeth, 
Small  Point,  Pcmaquid,  and  Petit  Ma- 
nan.  Maine,  though  an  elevated  traiSl: 
of  country,  cannot  be  called  mountain- 
ous. A  great  proportion  of  the  lands  are 
ariiblc  and  fcrtilcj  particularly  between 


MAI 

Penobfcot  and   Kcnncbeck   riv^r*.    On 
fome  parts  of  the  fia  coaH,  the  l.indt  arc 
but  indilllrcnt.     1'he  foil  ot  (iii^  country 
in  general,  where  it  in  piojK  riy  fittcil  lo 
receive  the  feed, jppiais  to  be  Vvry  friend- 
ly to  the  growth  uf   wheat,   rye,  b.irl 'v, 
oit>i,pca«,hcnip,ind  1I  ix,  as  well  as  lurtlm 
produelion  ol' iilmoQ  alt  kin>ls  orculinaty  ' 
roots  and  plantit,  and  for    ]vn;.;li't1i  gvnU  ; 
and  alio  for  Indian  corn,  eljjn  iaily  if  llic 
feed  be  procured   from  u  nmre  northern 
cliiuatc.  Hi)psartthcfpontai  cons  growth 
of  this  country  :  and  it  is  uUo  uncommon- 
ly good  for  grazing,   and   liirge  (locks  rf 
neat  c-ittlcmay  be  fed  botli  Uiniincrand 
winter.     The  natural  growth  coiifiilj  <  f 
white   pine    and    fjituec   trees  in   large 
quantities,  fuitable  for  marts,  boards,  and 
Ihingles ;  maple,  bcctli,  white  and  gny 
oak,  and  yellow  birch.     The  low  lands 
produce  fir,  which  yields  a  baifam  that  is 
highly  prized.     Aimort    the  whole  coaft 
N  E  of  Portbnd   is   lined  with  iHands 
among  which  vefTcU  may  generally  an- 
chor with  faftty.  'i'iic  principal  cxportsof 
this  country  are  of  various  kinds  ot  lum- 
ber, as  pine  boards,  fliip  timber,  and  ev- 
ery fpccics  of  f^jlit  lumber  manufidured 
from  pine  and  oak ;  thcfe  are  exported 
from  the  various  ports  iuimmenfc  quan- 
tities.   A  fpirit   of  improvement  is  in« 
crcaiing  here.     A  eolUgc  htjs  been  or- 
ganized in  a  plcafant  fituation  in  Brunf- 
wick, and  5  academics   incorporated,  a'l 
endowed  with  handfomc  grants  of  poh- 
lic  lands.     Town  fehools  are  maintained 
in  nioft  of  the   towns.    The  Common- 
wealth of  Maflachufetts  poflefs  between 
eight  and  nine  million  acres  in  this  Dif- 
tri«Sl,  independent  of  what  they  have  fold 
or  contracted  to  fell,  which  brings   into 
the  treafurytheneatfuni  of /lifip.ooj: 8: 7 
currency.     Exclufivc  of  the   lands   fold, 
about  385,000  acre:  have   been  granted 
for  the  eneour.-igemcnt  of  literature  and 
other  ufeful  and  humane  purpofes.     At- 
tempts were  made  to  fettle  this  country 
as  carl/ as  1607,  on  the  W  fide  of  Kenne- 
beek river ;  but   they  proved  unfuccell- 
fnl,  and  were   not  repeated  till  betweeu 
x6ao  and   1630.    In   1633,  the  wertcru 
part  of  it   was  granted   to  rerdinando 
Gorges,  by  the,  Plymouth  Company,  and 
he  iird  inuituted  government  in  this  prov- 
ince.    In  165a,  this  province  came  under 
the  jurifdidlion  of  Maflachufetts,  and  was, 
by  cliarter,incorporatedwithit,ini69r.  le 
has  fmee increafed  to  15 1,71 9 inhabitants, 
Mainjborough,  an  uninhabited  townfliip 

in  CraUoQ  co.  >f.  HumpOurc. 


Main,  Lfy  a  flrait  bctts'ccn  Terra  del 
^ucgn  und  Statcn   lllund,  in  i>.  America. 

M>iiiy,  Capi,  is  lltf  V.  point  of  Culia, 

Miijabj^^aJucc,  in  Mniiic,  at  lie  mouth  of 
Venoblcot  river,  on  tlie  11  fide. 

Mji.Jljtd,  Uj>pir  and  I.oiver,  townniips 
^n  B«clt'»  CO.  Pcnnfylv.ini;v,tlie  former  hav- 
tng  iioi,  and  the  latter  963  inli.iSicaats. 

Maldbiir,  Cope,  or  Sandy  Puinl,  ;i  narrow 
iliip  of  land  projc(5ling  out  from  the  S  E 
p.nrt  of  Ci'pe  Cod,  Mairaclnifvits,  8  miles 
{>  by  W.     N  bt.  .41  .53,  \V  Ion.  70  3. 

IvLilalirigo,  a  harbour  on  the  coa(l  of 
Peru,  in  the  S.  .'^ta. 

Maliimliito,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Carthagena,  in  Terra  lirma,  about  60 
miles  E  of  Cartliagena,  and  on  the  Wlidc 
of  the  river  Magdalcaa. 

M.ilJeii  Toivnjhlp,  Eflcx  CO.  U.  Canada, 
W  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  Detroit  river, 
on  the  E  iidc  of  the  fhait  having  Colchcf- 
ter  to  the  £,  and  the  Huron  to  the  north. 

Smyth. 

MMcn,  a  town  In  Middlefex  co.  Alalia- 
chufctts,  on  the  E  pod  road,  4  miles  N  of 
Bodon,  containing  1059  inhabitants.  It 
jj  conncdled  with  CharleQcwn  by  a  biidge 
over  Myftic  river,  built  in  1787. 

MMonado,  a  bay  in  the  river  La  Plata, 
f.  of  Euenos  Ayres,  in  S.  America,  and  9 
Jeague3  from  Cape  Santa  Maria. 

Malta,  a  town  in  Saratoga  co.  N.  York, 
taken  from  the  wedcrn  part  of  Stiliwate#, 
4  miles  £  of  Boilcown  Spring!). 

Mama  JD/</>^,  a  towufliip  in  UIHer  co. 
H.  York,  W  of  Montgomery  and  Wallkill, 
ion  Delaware  river.  It  contains  163 1  in- 
'liabitantff. 

^  M::Maroneci,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Cheflcr 
«o.  N  York,  containing  51a  inhabitants, 
liounded  S  by  New  Rochelle,  and  £  by 
the  Sound. 

Mamarumi,  a  place  on  the  road  from 
Guayaquil  to  Quito,  in  S.  America,  where 
<hcre  is  a  very  beautiful  cafcade.  The 
Tock  from  which  the  water  precipitates 
hfelf,  is  nearly  perpendicular,  and  50 
.fathoms  high ;  and  on  both  fidrs  edged 
■with  lofty  and  fpreading  trees.  The 
clearnefs  of  the  water  da/.zles  the  fight, 
which  is  delighted,  at  the  fame  lime,  with 
4he  large  volume  of  water  formed  in  its 
fell ;  after  which  it  continues  its  courfe 
in  a  bed,  along  a  imaU  defccnt,  and  is 
croffed  ov.£r  by  a  bridge. 

Manca,  a  town  of  W.  riorida,  on  the  E 
liank  of  the  Miififippi,  at  the  moulh  of 
Hona  Chitto  river. 

Manceniila,  a  large  bay  on  the  N  fide  of 
.tLe  iilaad  of  St.  pomingo  }  about  4,000 


MAN 

fathoms  long  from  W  to  E,  and  l,irm 
broaj  ficni  N  to  b.  'J'lc  S  £  p.irt  ot  the 
luy  i«  very  wide,  and  alTords  nccllent  an- 
choragi,  evtn  for  vclkis  olllieliiU  fi/.c. 
In  other  (arts  it  is  too  Hiallow.  '1  he 
river  Mallacrc,  which  vas  the  point  of 
ftp,4ration  of  the  Frtnih  andSpaniili  coU 
ouiiK  on  the  N  of  till-  ill.uid,  runs  a  N 
courCc, towards  its  mouth  NW,  and  tn- 
ttrn  tl'.t  dftcrn  p.irt  of  tlic  bay.  The  [uf 
ol  MaDcciiilla,  though  a  very  fine  one,  it 
iu)l  fo  ufiful  us  it  nu^lit  be,  if  its  bottom 
v/crc  well  known.  There  arc  fcvcral 
(hallows  in  it,  owing  to  the  ovciflnwings 
of  the  MalVacrc,  which  rolls  into  it,  w"d, 
f^nd,  and  lionet,  in  great  quantities,  fo 
that  it  ll-cms  ncctHary  to  found  the  bay 
annually,  after  tin  y  are  over.  In  general, 
it  is  prudent,  on  entering,  to  keep  clofer 
to  the  point  of  Ycaquc,  than  to  the  S  fide 
of  tlic  bay  ;  hccaulc  tlic  fandy  point  ha< 
no  rocks.  The  bottom  of  the  bay  is 
muddy.  The  river  Maflacce  is,  during 
a  league  fiom  .f  to  12  feet  deep,  and  pret- 
ty >»idc  ;  but  its  bed  is  often  full  of  the 
wood  which  the  current  brings  down.  It 
fwarnis  with  iifli ;  and  here  arc  found 
thofe  enormous  mullets  which  arc  the 
pride  of  titc  table  at  Cape  Francois.  In 
the  timc«  of  the  floods,  thcfc  filli  are  driv- 
en towards  the  bay,  where  negroci,  well 
prai^ifed  in  the  bufiniT^,  fifli  for  them. 
Filliing  in  the  bay  is  diiHcuIt  enough,  oi» 
account  of  the  drittcd  wood  ;  but  the 
negroes  are  good  divers,  and  arc  often  ob- 
liged to  go  to  the  bottom  and  difengagc 
the  feine  ;  but  when  it  gets  near  the 
beach,it  is  a  fingularand  (Iriking  fpetflacle 
to  fee  the  negroes,  the  fiHi,  and  the  alli- 
gators, all  flouncing  about  in  the  water 
together.  The  negroes  kill  the  alligators, 
knock  out  their  teeth,  and  fell  them  to 
make  corals,  the  garniture  of  which  fervcs 
!o  mark  the  degree  of  luxury  or  pride  of 
thofe  who  hang  them  to  the  necks  of 
their  children.  The  plcu(y  of  fifli  often 
attradls  fliips  of  war  to  this  bay.  The 
mouth  of  MafTacrc  river  lies  in  N  lat.  19 
44,  W  Ion.  from  Paris  74  9. 

Manchac,  a  town  or  parifli  on  both  fides 
of  the  MifTifippi,  extending  12  miles  on 
the  river.  The  banks  of  the  ri"cr  at 
Manchac,  though  frequently  overflowed 
by  the  vernal  inundations,  are  50  feet 
perpendicular  height  above  the  furface 
of  the  water ;  and  the  river,  at  its  lowed 
ebb,  is  not  Itfn  than  40  fathoms  deep,  and 
nearly  a  mile  in  width.  The  Spanifli  for- 
trefs  on  the  point  of  land  below  the  Ib- 
berviiie,  clofe  by  the  banks  of  the  riv<  r, 

has 


Int  a  < 

a  llendc 

thr  ch; 

Jliot    fr 

•See  /,»( 

Mam 

(lie  lea 

Jkvrrly 

lilhery  i 

in  tile  V 

niprehai 

townrtii 

miles  N 

cd  in  16 

aiits. 

M.tHCi 

Benning 
miles  N 
of  Albai 
eontains 
of  the  t 
Battenkil 
«alcareoti 
and  appa 
requirrs 
good  lime 
M.imcbc 
VcaniyW. 
Mancheft 
habitants, 
Manchtj 
ginia,  on  t| 
lite  to  Ri( 
ncaed 
fulfered  ni 
czpeditioi 
Manibcj 
leagues  N 
«d  ajo  fai 
Manchej 
Day  Com 
tVof  Hu 
Buckini 
W  Iidc  of 
part  of  N. 
Ion.  109  _ 
Manchrj 
Ohio,  47J 
Mancori 
yaquil 
eoaft.    Th 
'ivulct  of 
of  the   mi 
fummer, 
nel   is  fo 
crable. 

MiH^et. 
ed  by  Cap. 
liis  laft  vo' 
•  recfofcd 


M  A  It 

%in  n  communicr.tinn  with  Manchsc,  bv 
» llciulcr,  iLirrinv,  w>iiitl<'a  bridt^c,  acroU 
thr  clianiirl  uf  iMx'i'viilc,  and  not  u  liow 
fltiit  from  the  li;kl>itatuiiit  of  M.incliac. 
Sec  T.aiiiJi.iHiU 

M.iHctn-Jf.r,  a  pofl  und  finiinj»  town,  (»n 
tlie  fta  coafl  bitwcca  •'.ipc  AniK"  and 
Beverly,  in  V.iTei  c.  M  i,..ichiirctti.  The 
tillicry  u  carried  on  trom  this  port  chieHy 
hi  t lie-  vcJclii,  and  fur  the  account  ol  tlic 
mt-rchaiits  in  BoHon,  and  Salem.  'I'he 
towndiip  lie*  8  E  i)f  Wenham,  atid  .^o 
mile*  N  F.  of  Boflun.  It  wan  incorporat- 
ed in  164J,  and  contains  io3)  inhabit- 

lUltS. 

Mincbtjl^r,  a  poll  town  of  Vermont, 
Bennington  co.  on  Uattenkili.  It  is  )i 
miles  N  by  E  of  Ucnnington.and  s^)  N  1^ 
of  Albany  in  N.  Y(irk.  This  townfliip 
contains  1397  inhabitants.  In  the  S  part 
of  the  town,  in  a  hill  a  little  W  of  the 
Battenkill,  is  3  deep  Oratum  of  friable 
ealcareous  earth, of  iliewhitencfH  of  chalk; 
and  Apparently  eompofcd  of  f.iells,  which 
ret^uirrs  but  tittle  burning  to  produce 
good  lime. 

M.inchtjiir,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Penufylvania,  has  1175  inhabitants.  W. 
Manchedcr  in  this  county,  has  794  in- 
habitants. 

Muiiibtjfer,  a  fmall  pott  town  of  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  S  fide  of  James  rivtr,  oppo- 
lite  to  Richmond,  with  which  it  it  con- 
nciSled  by  a  bridge.  In  1781  this  town 
fulFered  much  during  Arnold's  dedrudtive 
expedition. 

Mamhejltr,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  ro 
leagues  N  W  of  Cape  Caiilo.  It  contain- 
ed 250  families  in  1 783. 

MancLeJier  Hoiifi,  one  of  the  Hndfon 
Bay  Company's  f  tclories,  lies  100  miles 
tVof  Hudlon's  Houfe,  and  75  3  E  of 
Buckingham  Houfe.  It  (lands  on  the  S 
W  fide  of  Safkdfliawaii  river,  in  the  N  W 
part  of  N.  America.  N  lat.  53  14  18,  W 
ion.  109  20. 

Mancbcjitr,  »  poft  town  in  Adams  co, 
Ohio,  471  miles  from  VValliington. 

Mancora,  a  place  on  the  roa«l  from  Gua- 
yaquil to  Truxiila,  in  Peru,  on  the  fca 
coad.  Througli  it,  during  winter,  runs  a 
rivulet  of  frefli  water,  to  the  great  relief 
of  the  mules  that  travel  this  way.  In 
fummer,  the  little  remaining  in  its  chan- 
nel is  fo  brackifli,  as  to  be  hardly  tol- 
erable. 

Minge{,7,  an  illand  of  the  S.  Seas,  vifit- 
ed  by  Captain  Cook  in  the  beginning  of 
his  laft  voyage.  The  coaft  is  guarded  by 
»  reel' of  cor^  rocks,again(lwhich  a  heavy 


MAW 

furf !«  continually  breaking.  The  ill;in«l 
is  'ibot:t  I.;  miles  in  circunUircmi.  The 
iiili.ibit.tnu  ap|)t.'.ir  nl'  a  warlike  dil°poh« 
tion.     8  lit.  ai  17,  VV  l:»n,  n«  7. 

'.I:':l),ii:,it,  the  ancient  name  of  Long 
and  York  lllands. 

J][.ifili!/v,  a  town  of  IVnnfylvania,  CO, 
of  l.ancaftcr.  It  contains  ahmu  ^o  houlis, 
and  104  I  inhabitant^, and  .tDiitch  tliuich. 
(;lal*  work*  wrre  criOlcd  licrc  \ir«viou» 
to  ilic  revolution,  hut  they  ari  f..Ilcn  to 
dcc.iy.  It  i«  II  ii>il(s  N  hy  W  of  l,an- 
c.<l\cr,  and  77  W  by  N  of  Vhiladtlphia, 
Alio  the  name  of  a  town  in  York  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  h;<vinj;  1876  inluibitatitti. 

MdniciHiigjn,o{  Jiliui  /?/t/ir,  riffs  from 
a  lake  of  it*  name,  in  I..  Canaila  ;  ninit  a 
diutlicrn  ciiurle,  iind  falU  into  the  Si. 
Lawrence,  8j  miles  N  E  ot  'I'adoul'ac. 

ALiiiii!,  or  Biihurncn,  mountains  in  Sr. 
Domingo,  20  niilts  in  circumference,  ;in(l 
alnuift  inaccclViblc.  They  have  bctn  lor 
80  years  puft  the  piticc  of  refuge  «)f  the 
fn;',ilivc  Spanilli  Hiul  lYeiich  Negroes, 
Thcfe  brigands  have  defied  their  putln- 
er«.  The  I'lill  of  ilicfe  mountains  is  (er» 
tile,  the  air  teu'.pcratc,  and  the  llreams  in 
them  abound  with  gold  dull. 

iWi/«fV/o«,  a  townfliip  in  Fayette  cow 
Pcnnfylvania,  having  1207  inhabitants. 

Miinitou,  or  ManUdUjiia  IJIiikU,  are  A 
numhrr  ofitlands  towards  the  N  fliorc  (E 
lake  Huron,  ftrctching  from  the  viciniry 
of  Cabots  Head,  northwtflcrly  acrofs  tl.c 
lake  to  1-akc  (Jeorgc,  below  the  falls  of 
St.  Mary.  Thefe  iflands  are  held  I'acrcd 
by  the  Indians. 

Manliut,  a  port  town  in  Onondago  co. 
N.  York,  incorp  rated  in  I794,andis  the 
feat  of  the  couniy  courts.  It  is  well  wa- 
tered by  Butternut, Lineftone,  and  Chit- 
tenengn  creeks,  which  tmitc  at  the  N  R 
corner  of  the  town  ;  and  the  ftream,  af- 
fnming  the  latter  name,  runs  N  to  Onei« 
da  lake,  which  is  10  miles  N  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town.  It  comprehends  tint 
part  of  the  Onondago  refcrvation  bound- 
ed S  by  the  Geneilcc  road,  and  W  by 
Onondago  creek  and  the  Salt  lake.  It  ha* 
989  inhabitants. 

Manmic,  Indian  villages  on  the  Pic.i- 
way  fork  of  the  Manmic,  or  Miami  of  the 
lal-  e,  «nd  St.  Mary's  river.      See  Miumi. 

AlaHiinjTioH,  a  town  in    Salem  co.  N. 

Manor,  a  townthip  in  Lancalrer  c<v 
Pcnnfylvania,  having  1804  inhabitant!). 

Manfcoc,  a  fait  lick  ill  Georgia,  S  of  the 
Mufcle  flioals,  in  the  Tcneflee  River,  re- 
markable for  tlie  Mammoth  bones  found 

here. 


MAN 


I^AH 


t\ere.  It  is  faid  they  were  fii(Ficicnt  to 
load  a  fliip.  "Thisovcrthrow^  "  laysScott, 
•'  the  theory  of  Mr.  JcfTtrfon.  "He  fap- 
j)()fcs  thelc  bones  »rc  never  found  further 
S  ch;in  !at.  .16  h  N."  Manfcoe  is  about 
a  dc)',rcts  fiirthtr  S. 

M.in/.-l,  ill!  iihiiid  \a  the  N  E  part  of 
lludfoii's  bay,  between  Southampton  iJl- 
and  and  titc  coull  of  liiibraUor.     H  lat. 

MansjIdJ,  a  townfliip  in  SufTcx  en.  N. 
Jcrfey, containing  in  179c,  1482  iiihabit- 
auu.  It  is  0:1  Mulconecunk  river,  about 
7  miles  S  E  of  Oxford,  and  as  far  N  of 
Greenwich. 

M-insfuU-  a  townfliip  in  Briftol  co. 
TtlallaciKifttt.'t,  29  miles  foiithcrly  of  Cof- 
lon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1770,  and 
contains  loiO  inhabitants, 

M.insfi4d^  !i  townlhip  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  between  l.a  Moillc  and  On- 
ion rivers,  about  7  mih's  dilHnce  from 
cacli,  and  I13  miles  N  by  E  of  Benning- 
ton. In  this  town  rifcsa  lofty  mountain, 
called  Minslield  mountain.  It  has  only 
13  inhabitants. 

AIi>:.<fii!J,  a  townfliip  in  Burlington  co. 
N.  Jeifey,  on  the  S  fide  of  Black's  creek, 
confiding  of  19,000  acres,  of  an  excellent 
foil,  noted  for  its  fine  paftures  and  large 
dairies.  It  is  8  mi  lei  W  by  N  of  Burling- 
ton, and  11  S  by  E  of  Trenton.  The  ia- 
hibitanis  are  moftly  Friends. 

ilffHj/jf.'V,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Connevfticut,  about  30  miles  N  of  New 
London,  and  as  far  K  of  Hartford.  In- 
habitants 2.?6o. 

Miinlii,  a  bay  of  Guayaquil,  ih  S.  A- 
merlca,  formerly  famous  for  a  conlidera- 
I)lc  pearl  fiflury  ;  but  it  has  been  totally 
difeontinucd  for  Come  years.  There  is 
alfo  a  point  of  this  name  on  the  coaft 
near  it.  The  bay  has  its  name  from  the 
great  numbers  of  large  fifli,  called  manias, 
the  catching  of  which  is  the  common 
employment  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
method  of  carrying  on  this  fifhery  is  as 
follows ;  they  throw  into  the  water  a  log 
of  wood,  al>out  18  feet  long,  and  near  a 
foot  ill  diameter  ;  on  one  end  they  place 
their  iict,  and  on  the  other  an  Indian 
Hands  in  an  erc^H:  pofition,  and  with  a  fin- 
gle  oar  rows  iiis  tottering  hark  to  the  dif- 
tanee  of  half  a  league  from  the  (liore, 
where  he  ihoots  his  net  ;  another  Indian 
follows  on  a  fimiUr  log,  takes  hold  of  the 
rope  faflcncd  to  one  end  of  the  net,  and 
Mrhen  fully  extended,  they  both  make  to- 
wards the  land,  hauling  the  mt  after 
them.     It  is  aftoniiliing  to  obfervc  >vi:h 


what  agility  the  Indians  maintain  an  equi- 
librium on  thel'c  round  logs,  notwithftand- 
ing  the  continual  agitations  of  the  fea, 
and  their  being  obliged  to  mind  the  oar 
and  the  net  at  ihc  fame  time.  They  arc 
indeed  excellent  fwimmers  ;  fo  that  if 
they  flip  o(F  tticy  arc  immediately  on 
the  log  again,  and  in  their  former  pofition. 

Aliplfioii,  a  name  given  to  a  pleafant 
range  of  excellent  farms,  3  miles  E  of 
Princeton,  N.  Jerfcy. 

M.iifiioit,  a  bay  of  flioal  waters  in  Cafco 
Bay,  Maine,  about  zo  miles  N  of  Cape 
Elizabeth,  frequently  mentioned  in  the 
hiflory  of  Maine  ;  where  the  Indians 
were  ufed  to  land  with  their  canoes,  and 
from  thence  carry  them  to  P<j^pfcot  Falls, 
on  Androfco;j;;;in  river.  This  was  done 
with  the  toil  of  only  4  hours  walk.  From 
thefe  falls  they  went  down  into  Kenne- 
bec!: river  ;  and  from  thence  continued 
their  route  up  that  river  to  WefTerunfett, 
and  thence  over  to  St.  Lawrence  ;  or 
turned  and  went  down  through  Mon- 
feag  bay,  towards  Penobftot ;  or  from 
the  falls  they  continued  their  progrefs  up 
Androfco2j;in  river,  beyond  the  White 
Mountains,  and  over  to  Connecticut  riv- 
er, and  froni  thence  to  Lake  Memphrc- 
magog,  and  down  to  the  limits  of  Canada. 

Mdracailto,  M,tracaybo,  or  Maracaya,  a 
fmall  but  rich  city  of  Venezuela,  a  prov- 
ince of  Terra  Firma  in  S.  America,  on 
the  W  bank  of  the  lake  of  the  fame  nanif, 
about  18  miles  from  its  mouth  and  73  S 
W  of  Coro.  It  is  well  built,  has  fcveral 
ft  itely  houfcs,  very  regular  and  adorned 
with  balconies,  from  which  there  is  a 
profpedt  of  the  lake,  which  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  fea.  Here  are  about  4600 
inhabitants,  of  whom  800  arc  able  to. 
bear  arms.  It  has  a  governor  fubordi- 
nate  to  the  governor  of  Terra  Firma. 
Here  is  a  large  parochial  church,  an  hof- 
pital,  and  4  convents.  VefTels  from  25 
to  30  ions  frequent  this  port,  with  man- 
ufadlures  and  merchandife  from  the 
places  near  the  lake,  which  are  after- 
wards put  on  board  SpaniOi  fliips  that 
come  hither  to  buy  them  Ships  are 
built  at  Maracaibo,  which  trade  all  over 
America,  and  even  into  Spain,  this  place 
being  very  commodious  for  fliip  build- 
ing. It  lies  338  miles  E  of  Rio  dc  la 
Haeha.     N  lat.  10  .51,  W  Ion.  70  15. 

M.iraca'ilo  Like,  or  rather  Cmlf,  a  large 
colleiilion  of  waters,  on  which  the  town 
above  mentioned  isiltuated.  It  is  nearly 
208  miles  long,  and  in  I'ome  parts,  50  in 
breadth,  running  from  S  to  N,  and  emp- 
tying 


tying  rtftif  i 
of  which  isv 
but  Sir  Hem 
plundered  f< 
coaft,  and  dc: 
been  fent  to 
flows  into  the 
brackifli,  not 
ers  it  receives 
of  fifli,  fome 
"By  t'lc  naviga 
itants  of  Vene 
thofe  of  New 
comes   narron 
where  the  tow 
JM[aragHon. 
Maragnon,  o: 
name  of  a  nor 
zil.     Chief  tow 
Muranbiiij,  a 
of  the  noted  ri 
and  Mony,  on 
of  Maranon  in 
''■"g.  45  miles  ii 
well  inhabited, 
on  it  ini6ia,bu 
Louis  de  Marag 
hands  ofthc  Poi 
fee.     It   is  very 
caflle  built  on  s 
which  command 
hour.     The  iflad 
of  accefs,  by  rea 
three  rivers  wh 
fels  muft  wait  f( 
fons  to  vifit  it. 
tinned  here,  are 
Andero,  on  the  1 
St.  Jagoonthefo 
about  a;  hamlet 
large  huts,  form 
die  ;  all  being  bi 
covered  from  toj 
fo  that  each  may 
The  inhabitant! 
and  live  to  a  grcs 
are  their  only  wi 
are  very  dextroi 
and  crud,  efpcci 
i'he  continent,  1 
I'land,  is'inhabiti: 
land  Toupinambo 
land  fierce,  and  di' 
jnamletj,  jts  have 
jContiguoujto  th< 
ICunia  add.Gayet 
'he  fame  fort  0 
Maragnar,  has  a 
*f  *he  rivir  St. 

J^"^'" ;  An  mU 


MAR 


MAR 


tying  ttfelf  into  the  N.  Sea  ;  the  eirtratice 
of  which  is  well  defended  by  ftrong  forts ; 
but  Sir  Henry  Morgan  paiTcd  by  them, 
plundered  feveral  Spanifli  towns  on  the 
coA(k,  and  defeated  a  I'quadron  which  had 
been  fcnt  to  intercept  him.  As  the  tide 
flows  into  the  lake,  its  water  is  fomcwhat 
brackifli,  notwithf^anding  the  many  riv- 
ers it  receives.  It  abounds  with  all  forts 
of  fifli,  fomc  of  which  are  very  large. 
By  the  navigation  of  this  lake,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Venezuela  carry  on  a  trade  with 
thofe  of  New  Granada.  The  lake  be- 
comes narrower  towards  the  middle, 
where  the  town  is  eredled. 

Maragnan.     See  River  of  Amazont, 
Maragnon^  or  Maranon,  ov Marig»on,\.ht 
name  of  a  northern  captainfliip  of  Bra- 
zil.    Chief  town,  St.  I.ouis. 

MuratihM,  a  fmail  illand  at  the  mouth 
of  the  noted  rivers   Maracu,  Topocoru, 
and  Mony,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  province 
of  Maranon  in  Brazil.     The  ifland  is  ob- 
'""S>  45  n^iles  in  circuit,  very  fertile,  and 
well  inhabited.     The  French,  who  feized 
on  it  in  i6ia,  built  a  town  here,  called  St. 
Louis  de  Maragnan  ;  but  it  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Portugiiefe,  and  i*  a  bifliop's 
fee.     It   is  very  ftrong,  and  has  a  flout 
cnflle  built  on  a  rock,  towards  the  fea, 
which  commands  a  very  convenient  har- 
bour.    The  ifland  itfelf  is  very  difficult 
of  accefs,  by  reafon  of  the  rapidity  of  the 
three  rivers  which  form  it ;  fo  that  vef- 
fels  mull  wait  for  proper  winds  and  I'ca- 
fons  to  vifu  it.     Befide  the  town  men- 
tioned here,  are  two  fmaller  ones,  viz.  St. 
Andero,  on  the  mod  northern  point,  and 
St.  Jago  on  the  fouthern.  The  natives  have 
about  17  hamlets,  each  confiding  of  four 
large  huts,  forming  a  fquare  in  the  mid- 
dle ;  aill  being  built  of  large  timbc,  and 
covered  from  top  to  bottom  with  leaves : 
fo  that  each  may  contiin  a  or  300  perfons. 
The  inhabitants  are  ftrong  and  healthy, 
ind  live  to  a  great  age ;  bows  and  arrows 
are  their  only  weapons,  with  which  they 
I  arc  very  dextrous;  but  they  are  fierce 
and  cruel,  efpecially    to    their  enemies. 
I  The  continent,  3  or  4  leagues  from  the 
(land,  is'inhabited  by  the  Tapouytapare, 
I  and  Toupinambois  nations,  who  are  wild 
land  fierce,  and  divided  into  15  or  ao  fuch 
Ihamlett,  ds  havc^een  defcribed  above. 
I  Contiguous  to  thcTearethe  territories  of 
ICunia  add -Gayeta,  inhabited  by  nearly 
Ithe  fame   fort  of  people.    The  capital, 
iMaragnar.,  has  a  harbour  at  the  mouth 
|of  'he  t\vir  St.  Mary,  on  the  Atlantic 
|occan  :  491^  miles  north  weft  of  Cape 


iVoi,  I. 


64 


St.  Roque.  S.  'lat.  a  a;,  W  Ion.  44  ^fn 
Miiritfhcad,  a  port  of  entry  and  pod 
town  in  EiTex  co.  MulTichufctts,  4  miles 
S  E  of  .Salcni,  19  N  V.  of  Boftoa;  contain- 
ing I  Epilcop;!!  and  a  Congreganoiial 
churches,  and  5aii  inhabitants.  The 
harbour  lies  in  front  of  the  town  S  \l,  ex- 
tending from  S  W  to  N  E,  about  a  mile' 
and  a  half  in  len;^th,and  iialf  a  mile  broad.: 
It  is  formed  by  Marblchcad  neck  on  the 
S  and  E,  and  is  protedcd  by  a  fea  wall, 
which,  before  its  late  repairs,  was  in  im- 
minent danger  of  giving  way  to  the  great 
detriment,  if  not  ruin  of  the  port.  A 
battery  and  citadel  were  ttecled  hereia 
1795,  for  the  defence  of  tlic  place,  by  or- 
der of  Congrcl's.  I'he  bank  lilhcry  em- 
ploys the  principal  attention  of  the  in- 
habitants, and  more  is  done  of  this  bufi- 
ncfs,  in  this  place,  than  in  any  other  in 
the  ftatc.  The  exports  of  the  year  1794, 
amounted  to  184,53a  dollars.  Marble- 
head  was  incorporated  in  1649,  and  lies 
in  N  lat.  4a  30,  W  Ion.  69  j<,^. 

MarlletoTvn,  a  townfl'.ip  in  Ulftcr  co, 
N.  Ycyk,  on  the  W  fide  of  Iludfon  river,: 
N  W  of  Paltz,  adjoining.  It  contains 
3847  inhabitants. 

jif.irc,  St.  See  Marl. 
Marcdius,  a  military  and  port  town  in 
Onondago  co.  N.  York,  fituated  on  Skan- 
eatetes  lake,  11  miles  W  of  Onondago 
Caftle.  Marcellus  was  incorporated  in 
1794.     It  has  909  inhabitants. 

Alarctis  Hooi,  in  Chcflcr  co.  Pennfvlva- 
nia,  on  the  W  fide  of  Delaware  river,  20 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
about  .30  families.  Here  are  two  rows  of 
piers,  or  long  wharves,  to  defend  vefiels 
from  the  driving  of  ice  in  winter. 

Marcchaux,  Cape,  forms  the  N  E  fide  of 
the  bay  of  Jacmel,  iu  St.  Domingo.  N. 
lat.  18  18. 

Marechitet  InJ'ans,  inhabit  the  banlcs  of 
the  river  St.  John,  and  around  Paflama- 
quoddy  bay.  Tliey  have  about  140  fight- 
ing men. 

Marcqaita,z.  city  of  New  Granada,  Ter- 
ra Firnia,  8.  America. 

Margallatvay,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
Maine,  and  crofTis  the  N.  HanipOiire  line 
between  Lake  UnibaRo^  and  a  mountain 
on  the  N,  and  runs  S  W  to  Aniarifcoggia 
river.     Its  mouth  is  10  rods  wide. 

MarganCs  liuy,  St.  a  port  on  the  S  coaft. 
of  Nova  Scotia,  between  Profpe«fl  Har- 
bour and  Mahone  bay  ;  from  which  la(t. 
it  is  ftparalcd  by  a  promontory, on  which, 
is  the  high  idiid  of  Afpotagocn. 

Mar^artttaf  or  Huiita  Mar^aretta  dc  lat 

Caractet 


m 


RTATl 


MA'R 


Citrjuas,  an  ifland  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  A' 
merica,  Irnin  which  it  is  parled  by  a  ftrait 
24  miles  wide  ;  68  miles  W  of  Paria,  or 
New  And.ilulia.  Columbus  difcovercd 
it  in  his  third  voyage,  in  1498.  It  is  40 
miles  in  length  and  34  in  breadth  ;  and, 
bein^;  alr.-ays  verd.mt,  affords  a  moft  a- 
greeable  prorpeiTt.  It  abounds  in  paf- 
ture,  miize  and  fruit ;  but  there  is  a 
fcarcity  of  wood  and  water.  'I'here  was 
once  a  pe„:'l  finieiy  on  its  coaft,  which 
produced  one  pt:..r!,  t'"-  tlneft  ever  fcen, 
valued  at  ^^ij.ooo  (terling,  bought  by  the 
kiny;  of  Spain.  The  inhabitants  are  a 
mixture  of  Indians  and  Spaniards,  who 
are  lazy  and  fuptrftitious.  Here  are 
feveral  forts  of  animals,  partictdarly  wild 
liOi^s,  with  f.fli  and  fowl.  NJat.  1146, 
W  Ion.  64  iz. 

Miir^raiet's  IJlttiuit,  ill-  the  N."  PariSo 
ocean,  were  dUcovered  by  Capt.  James 
Majjee,  in  the  Ibip  Margaret,  of  Bofton, 
in  his  voya,e:c  from  Kanifchaika  in  1780. 
Thtir  latitude  is  24  40  N,lon.  141  12  E. 
MargarcHfvUle,  a  village  in  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Maryland,  about  ro  miles  S  bv  E 
of  Elizabeth"  Town,  and  6  N  E  of  WiK 
liam's  I'ort. 

Margot,  the  river  and  heights  of  Mar- 
;?ot  are  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Miflilippi. 
The  river  has  a  wcftcrly  courfe,  and  is' 
faid  to  be  navit^able  for  batteaux  a  num- 
ber of  miles.  The  ground  below  itsjunc* 
tion  with  the  Wifiifippi,  in  lat.  35  28  Nj 
affords  a  commanding,  airy,  ple.afant,  and 
cxtcnfive  fituation  for  iettlcmcnts  ;  the 
foil  is  remarkably  fertile.  About  3  mifea 
below  this,  the  French  built  Affiimption 
Fort  in  1 7,^6,  (afterwards  called  Prudhone 
Fort,)  when  at  war  with  the  Chickafaws, 
but  the  year  after  it  was  demoliflicd,  when 
a  peace  was  concluded. 

Mat  jot  Port,  a  maritime  village  on- the 
N'fidc  of  the  illand  of  St.  DOmingo,  in  19 
48  N  lat.  9  leaf^ues  W  of  Cape  Francois. 
Maria,  Cape  f!a/ita,h  the.N  cape  at  the 
mouth  of  La  Plata  river,  in  S.  America  ; 
9  leagues  from  the  bay  of  Maldonade, 
and  20  froni  Mimtebideo,  a  bay  fo  called 
from  a  mountain  which  overlooks  it. 

Mari,j  S.int.i,  a  tow«  of  the  audience  of 
Panama,  in  S  America.  It  was  built  by 
the  Spaniards  foon  after  they  difcovcred 
the  gold  mines  in  its  neighbourhood.  N 
lat.  7  4.1,  Wlon.  78  12. 
■  Mirriaira/iinlf,  one  of  the  Carihbee  Ifl- 
ands  in  the  Atlantic  ocean ;  fo  sailed  from 
the  ilvp's  name  in  which  CoUimbus  dif- 
covered  it,  in  1493.  It  is  of  aneliptical 
figure,  4^  league!  from  N  to  S,  aiid  3  from 


E  to  W.  It  lies  5  or  6  leagues  S  eafterl^ 
of  Guadalotipe,  above  half  its  furface  is 
barren  mountains.  There  arc  only  tv/o 
pariflies,  the  principal  at  the  S  defended 
iiy  a  fort  called  Bafieterre.  It  is  indif- 
ferently watered,  but  produces  8oo,oC'olbi 
of  coffee,  ico.ooolb.  cotton,  and  i,coo,oco 
lb.  of  fugar.  The  French  planted  a  colo- 
ny here  in  1648.  It  was  taken  by  tl-.o 
Englifli  in  1692,  but  the  French  foon  let- 
tied  there  again,  and  flill  polfefs  it.  N 
lat.  i,<s  sSi  Wlon.  61  6. 

Mj'riaiina,v>'M  the  name  given  to  the 
difbndl  granted -by  the  Plymouth  Council 
to  Captain  John  Mafon  m  1621.  It  ex- 
tended from  the  river  Naumkeag,  now  S;i- 
lem,  round  Cape.  Ann,  to  Merrimack  riv- 
er, and  frjomithe  fea  to  the  heads  of  thcfe 
rivers,  with  the  iflauds  lyiag  within  5 
miles-  ofthecoafV.- 

Marif,  Cap$  Damty  the  W  point  of  tl-.s 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  which,  with  Cape 
St.  Nicholas,  fonms  the  entrance  of  the 
bay  of  Leogane.  N  lat.  18  38,  W  lon< 
from  Paris  76  jr.  The  town  of  this 
name,  fituatcd  onthe  caps,,  is  on  the  N  W 
part  of  the  S  peiiinfula';  8-  leagues  W  of 
Jercniie,  and  60  W  of  Port  au  Prince. 
'I'he  to*','ns  and  villages,  along  the  N  coaft 
of  tlie.pcninfula,andin.the  bay  or  bite  o£ 
Leogane,  between  thevcape  and  Port  au 
Prince, are  Petit  Trou,  Anfe  a  Veau,  Mar." 
agoane.  Petite  Goave^  Grand  Goave,  &cw 
Marie,  Straits  of,  connect  Lakes  Superi- 
or and  Huron,  which  will  permit  boat* 
to  pafs,  but  not  larger  veffels.  Near  the 
upper  end  of  thcfe-  flratts,  which  ars 
40  miles  long,  is  a  rapid,-  which  (thougli 
it-is  impoffiblfi-for  canoes  to  afcend)  may 
be  navigated  by  boats  without  danger, 
when .  condudled  by  able  pilots.  The 
ftraits  afford  one  of  the  mod  pleafing' 
profpetfks  in  the  world  :  on  the  left,  lead- 
ing to  lake  Superiot",  may  be  feen  mar.y 
beautiful  little  inand»  that  extend  a  con- 
fidera'ble  way  before  you ;  and  on  tha 
right  an  agreeable  I'ucceffion  of  fmall 
points  of  land,  which  projedk  a  little  way 
into  the  water,  and  contrih'ute  with  the 
iilands  to  render  it  ddightfuL 

Mariel,  Port,  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of 
Cuba,\which  will  admit  frigatesof  30guiij. 
Marietta,  a  handfome  port  town  in  the 
ftate  of  Ohio,  Gtuated  /iii  the  Ohio,  juft 
above  the  mouth  of*he  Mufkingum. 
The  Campus  Martins  in  thit  town  it 
an  elevatAl  public  fquarc,  founded 
by  the  Ohio  Company,  in  the  year 
1788.  The  fortification  is  all  of  hew» 
timber,  and  for  appearance^  conven- 
ience,, 


WAR 


M  A  R 


int  of  tl-.9 

/ith  Ciipe 

cc  of  tlio 

8,  W  loa< 

vn  of  tbi» 

ntheNW 

igues  W  of 
au  I'rince. 

the  N  coaft 

y  or  bite  06 

>nd  Port  au 
Veau,  Mai- 
Goave,  &-;•' 

akes  Superi- 
efirtit  boat* 
i.  Near  the 
which  arj 
lich  (thougk 
afcend)  may 
lOUt  dancer, 
lilots.  The 
noft  pleafin§ 
the  left,  lead- 
56  feen  majy 
extend  a  coii- 
and  on  the 

.on  of  fr"'-'^ 
it  a  little  way 
Vute  with  the 

„  the  N  fide  of 

ate8of30g"f 
ft  town  in  the 
the  Ohio,  juft 
Mufkinguni. 

thif    lown  i» 
lare,    founded 

in    the    year 

i  all  of  hew* 

ance,   convcn- 

ieacC) 


'■■  imce,  and  defence,  of  fupcrior  exceQcnco. 
It  is  more  than  ,30  feet  above  the  high 
hanlcs  of  the  Mullcingum,  and  only  159 
yards  diftant  from  that  river,  with  a  beau- 
tiful natural  glacis  in  front.  The  water 
of  the  Ohio,  has  fometimes  rifcn  to  fuch 
height  as  to  inundate  the  lower  part  of 
the  town.  The  town  confift?  of  1,000 
houfe  lots  of  90  by  180  ftet ;  the/pacious 
ftrects  interfedk  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles, and  there  are  neceflary  fquarcs  re- 
lerv«d  for  ul'e,  pleafure  and  ornament.  It 
is  19  miles  above  Bel  Pre,  86  S  W  of 
WhceUng,  146  S  W  of  Pittfbnrg,  740  N  E 
of  Lexington  in  Kentucky,  and  460  \V  by 
S.of  PhiUdelphja.  .  Lat.  39  34  ai,  N  Ion. 
ISa  9  W. 

Marion,  a  diftrlA  of  S.  Carblina,  con- 
taining 6914  inhabitants,  of  whom  iiji 
are  Haves. 

Miirttam  Toiv/i/h!^,  in  the  E  riding  of 
the  CO.  of  York,  U.  Canada,  fronts  Yong°- 
Areet,  and  lies  to  the  N  of  York  and  Scar- 
borough.      Here  are  good  mills,  and  a 
thriving  fettlcment  of  Germans.      Smyth. 
Mori's,  St.  a  town'  of  E.  Florida,  at  the 
liead  of  the  bay  of  Apalachy  ;  i8o  miles 
W  of  St.  Auguftine,  and  105  from  the  Al- 
achua Savannah.  Nlat.^o  la^Wlon-Sj  45. 
Mari,  St.  3  juriidi<ftion  in  the  W  part 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  containing 
4pariflies.     Its  exports,  fliippod  fronithe 
(own  of  its  name,  from  Jan.  "i,  1789,10 
Dec.  3 1, of  the  faone  year,  were  3,065,047 
lb.  white  fugar,  7,93i>7iOlb.'br<r,vn  fugar, 
7,041,8521b.  cotT«e,  3,250,8901b.  cotton, 
3 49,8 1 9 lb«  indigo,  and  various  af-ticles  to 
tlie  value  of  a,450§  li vres :  the  tctal  value 
of  duties  oin  exportation   116,974  dollars 
4  cents.    The  town  of  St.  Mark  lies  ■« 
the  head  of  a  hay  of  its  name,  which  is 
at  the  head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite  of  Lcoganc. 
The  bay  is  formed  by  Cape  St.  Mark  on 
tlie  S,  and  Morne  au  Diable  on  the  N. 
This  town,  althougii  fmali,  is  reckoned 
tlie  pleafanteft  in  the    ifliind.     Its  com- 
merce is  coufiderable.     It  owes  a  -great 
dial  of  its  einbellilhments  to  the  attention 
of  M.  de  Marbois,  during  his  adminiftra- 
tion.  It  is  22  leagues  W  of  Hinche,  19^  N 
W  of  Port  au  Prince,  14  S  by  W  of  1-es 
Gonaives,  30  S  of  Port  de  Paix,  and  26^ 
•S  W  of  Cape  Francois.    N  lat.  195,  W 
Ion.  75  10. 

Muriii/roujr/}  To'uivJh''p,  in  Grenvillc  co. 
U.  Canada,, lies  N  of>Oxford,  and  is  water- 
td  hy  the  Radeau. 

Marlborough,  a  diftriift  on  the  Great 
Pedce  river,  S.  Carolina,  25  miles  long, 
Md  11^  bfoad.    Sec  IS.  Canlina. 


Marlloroiigh,  Netv,i\  townflilp  in  l?erT:« 
fliire  CO.  Maflachufetts,  on  the  Conncc*^!-. 
cut  line,  cont;iining  1848  inhabitants.' 
It  was  incorporated  in  1759,  and  is  135' 
miles  W  of  Bofti  n. 

MjrlLroiitr/j,  a  poft  town,  ancient  and' 
weahhy.in  Middlelcx  co.  MalVachulctis 
(the  OiomKiiiiwff/it  of  tlie  Indians)  v\\^a  in- 
corporated in  1060,  and  contains  1 735  in- 
habitants. It  is  28n,i!eiAV' olTofh.n.  A 
mode  of  manufaiSlurinjj  iipanifli  br^nvu, 
from  a  kind  of  earth  cr  Icam,  laid  t:)  re- 
femble  bed  ore,  thoiirh  not  impicfnatrtl 
with  particles  of  iron,  has  h.tely  liecn  cif- 
covcrcd  in  this  town  by  an  in^enicni^  {;,cn- 
rieman.  He  confiriicU'd  an  air  furnace, 
at  a  trivial  expenfe  ;  and  in  the  year 
1794,  could  calcine  and  prepare  for  the 
mill  a  ton  in  24  houi  s,  6  days  in  fncccilicn, 
without  great  exppnfe  ot  wood.  Connoil- 
feurs  in  paints  acknowledge  it  is  (;cod. 
His  firft  attempts  in-making  I'pruce  ycUcw' 
were  liktwil'e  flattering. 

MarUiorauvh,  a  poft  town  in  AVindham 
CO.  Vermont,  having  Ncwfanc  on  the  N, 
and  Brattlehorough  E.  It  contained  in 
1790,  629  iRhabitants. 

Mitrthoroiighi apoft  town  in  Chcfliire  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  6  miles  from  Kcenc,  20  N 
of  Winchendon,and  26  from  Afnburn- 
ham  in  Maflachuletts.  It  was  incoipor- 
at-.d  in  1776,  and  cofltaiHs  1185  inhabit- 
airte. 

Marlborciigb,  JSTciu,  a  townfi.ip  in  Tlflc'r 
00.  N.  York,  on  the  W  'fide  of  Hiidfons 
river,  N  of  Newbargli,  oppoiiie  Pongh- 
keepfie.     It  contains  1848  inhabitants. 

Marlloroiigl.i,  the  name  of  three  town- 
fliips  in  Pennfylv.Tnia,  the  one  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  and  E.  and  W.  Marlborough 
in  Che4lcr  co. 

xMariioronj^fi,  Letver,  a  town  of  Mary- 
land, in  Culvert  co.  on  the  E  fide  of 
Paiuxent  river,  24  miles  SE  ofWafijin"- 
ton.  It  contaiaa  about  60  Iniules,  and  a 
warehoufc  for  the  irrf'petflion  of  tohacto. 
T'he  river  is  navigalrfe  forlhipsof  burth-cii 
for  fome  miles  above  thl;  town. 

Miirl!ioroiti>h,  U/>/'t:r,  the  chief  town  of 
Prince  George's  CO.  Maryhtnd.  It  is  ou 
the  S  .W  fide  of  Hatavilit,  one  of  ihe  tw<» 
principal  branches  of  Patuxent  river.  It 
contains  about  lao  houfes,  a  court 
houi'e,  and  a  warehoufi;  for  the  inlpcc- 
tion  of  tobacco.  It  is  47  miles  S  S  W 
of  Baltimore,  and  about  15  E  of  Wafliing- 
tou. 

Marlotv,  a  town  in  Chcfliire,  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  lias  543  inhabitants. 

Mjitvftls,  a  harbour  ia  the  ifland  of  St. 

Loxniii^o, 


V.,-? 


MAR. 


MAR 


l>omingo,  wliich  may  receive  mertliant- 
rieii,  but  the  entrance  of  it  is  rendertd 
diilicult  by  the  breakers.  It  lies  between 
Cape  Rouge  and  Grand  Port  Derhagne. 

Miirrjuci,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Old, 
Mexico,  in  the  S.  ISea. 

Marquefiis.  Theie  idancU  are  5  in 
number,  viz.  La  Ma^ilaleaa,  St.  Pedro, 
La  Dominica,  Santa  Chriftiua,  and  Hood's 
llland,  fituated  in  tiic  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
between  the  latitude  of  9  a6  and  10  %S  •' ! 
aad  between  tlie  longitude  of  138  47  and 
Ijy  13  VV.  They  were  firft  difcovercd 
by  Mcndaiia  and  Quiros,ia  1595  ;  and  ia 
I774,C.ipt.  Caok  alccrtaintd  thtir  fitua- 
tion  more  particularly,  which  l)efore  was 
dilHrrnt  iii  dlU'ciLnt  charts.  La  Domini- 
ca, the  i.irgtft,  is  about  10  leagues  in  cir- 
cuit, in  lar.  9  44  S.  Hood's  IlUiud  was 
difcovcrcd  hv  Capt.  Cook,  in  1774.  The 
inhabitar.lj,  taken  colicclively,  are,  with- 
out exception,  ihc  lir.ell  race  of  people  in 
thcfc  feas  ;  and  for  good  iliapcs  ami  reg- 
ular features  they  perhaps  furpafs  all 
nations.  They  are  thought  ;o  be  cf  the 
fame  origin  as  thofe  of  Otaheite  and  of 
t'.ic  Society  Iflancls.  They  have  hogs, 
fowls,  plantains  and  other  vegetables  and 
roots  ;  likewife  a  few  bread  fruit  and 
cocoa  trees.  N  N  VV  of  thefeiflands,  from 
is  to  JO  leagues  diftant,  are  the  7  ifles 
called  Ingrahams  Jfes  :  which  fee. 

ALirroivyiie,  a  fiver  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
ia  S.  America. 

Marjb  Crcci,  runs  foutlicrly  through 
^aldcii  i'owniliip,  U,  Canada,  and  emp- 
ties into  lake  £rie,  having  at  times  4^  feet 
water  on  its  bar.  Smyth. 

Marfi's  IJland,  called  Marfi's  Great  IJt- 
and,  the  largeft  of  a  group  of  13  Iflauds 
at  the  great  Palls  in  Penobfcot  River, 
Avhich  are  on  the  K  fide  of  this  llland. 
This  group  are  all  within  about  7  miles, 
and  confift  of  Marfli's  llland  about  5 
miles  long  and  near  2\  wide,e(liniated  to 
contain  about  5000  acres.  Oifon  Ifland 
tooo  acres,  Old  Town  200  acres,  Orono's 
liland  100  acres  ;  the  other  9  are  of  a 
lellcr  fize.  Round  this  Idand  are  5  falls, 
one  of  which  is  diflinguidied  by  the 
i\ame  of  '■'the  v,>ent  Foils"  or  "  Old  Town 
Pall.i."     See  CM  roivn. 

M.nfial'fvilU;  in  MuMcnburg  co.  Vir- 
•;inia.  Here  is  a  poll  oillce,  JjS  miles 
Irom  W.illiington. 

Mjrjhfidd,-A  port  town  in  Plymouth  co. 
Mallachufttts,  bounded  S  by  Duxbor- 
ough,  and  36  milts  S  t  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incoiporated  in  1 640,  and  cuutaing  1266 
iiihabitants. 


.idnYjkfielii  a  townfliip  is  Caledonia c9. 
Vermont ;  adjoining  to  Calais  on  the  N 
W  and  peachum  N  £.  It  has  170  iufaab< 
itants, 

Marjbpct,  by  fevcral  writers  called 
Mujbpee,  an  ancifnt  Indian  town  in  Barn- 
rtable  CO.  MafTachufetts,  containing  155 
inhabitants.  There  is  (lilt  an  Indian 
church  here,  but  not  more  than  40  or  50 
perfons  are  pure  Indians.  They  have 
greatly  decreal'ed  fince  1693,  when  there 
were  S14  adults,  befidc  ftragglcrs  in  the 
plantation  and  plarcs  adjacent;  undtr 
the  care  of  Mr.  Rowland  Cotton,  minif- 
tcr  of  Sandwich.  The  remains  of  the  In- 
dians here,  arc  under  the  pafloral  care  of 
the  Rev.  Mi. H.uvlcy. 

Marjhy  Hoi'c,  the  N  W  branch  of  Nan- 
ticoke  river  in  Maryland. 

Mjrtha  BraCf  a  iniall  town,liaving  a 
harbour,  7  leagues  W  of  Montego  Point. 
It  is  frequented  only  by  fuch  veirds  as 
are  particularly  deflined  for  this  place. 
There  is  a  bar  with  i6<)r  17  feet  water  in 
going  in  ;  and  the  paflage  in  coming  out 
between  tiic  Triangle  Rocks  is  not  more 
than  60  feet  wide  with  6^  or  7  fathoms 
water.     See  Fulmouth. 

Martha  fiher,  St.     See  Magdalena. 

Martha,  St.  a  province  of  Terra  Firma, 
in  S.  America  ;  bounded  N  by  the  N. 
Sea  ;  £  by  Rio  de  la  Hacha  ;  S  by  New 
Granada,  and  W  by  the  territory  of  Car- 
thagcna.  The  air  is  colder  here  and  more 
pure  than  in  the  adjoining  countries. 
The  vallies  are  fertile,  and  produce  maize, 
with  other  grains  and  fruits,  efpecially, 
oranges,  lemons,  pine  apples,  grapes,  &c. 
alfo  indigo,  and  cochineal,  and  lome  woods 
for  dying.  The  mountainii  which  aie 
luiown  tofailors  by  the  name  of  the  Snowy 
mountains  of  St.  Martha,  produce  gold 
emeralds,  fapphires,  chalcedonies,  jafper, 
and  curious  marble.  On  the  coads,  where 
fmuggling  is  carried  on,  are  fait  works, 
and  two  pearl  iiilierics.  It  is  about  300 
mites  in  lengtli,  and  aoo  in  breadth,  is  a 
mountainous  countiy,  and  in  genaral 
reckoned  the  liighed  iu  this  part  of  the 
world. 

Martha,  St.  a  city  in  the  province  lad 
mentioned,  with  a  harbour  on  the  N.  Sea, 
at  the  mouth  of  tiie  Guayra  :  about  1 24 
miles  N  K  of  Carthagcna.  It  is  the  rifi- 
dence  of  a  governor  and  bifliop.  The 
tioufes  arc  built  witti  canes,  and  ate  very 
neat.  Its  harbour  is  large,  convenient,  and 
fafe,  and  the  environs  agrceableand  fertile. 
At  prelent  contains  about  3000  inhabit- 
ants, who  carry  on  an  cxtenfivc  rich  trade, 

aud 


MAR 


MAR 


Sni!  maVe  great  quantiticsof  cottons,  ftufis, 
&c.  with  e.uthni  ware,  which  is  much 
eftcemcd  It  has  a  valuable  pearl  fifliery, 
in  which  great  numbers  of  ilavcs  are  cm- 
ployed,  whofe  dexterity  in  iliving  for  the 
oyrtors  is  very  extraordinary  ;  I'ome  of 
wiiiira  will  remain  ior  a  quarter  of  aa  hour 
under  water,  and  will  rife  with  a  baikct 
full.    N  lat.  1 1  zCi,  M'  Icn.  7;,  jry. 

M.iitbas  Fhi,y,:rJ,  an  illand  belonging 
to  Duke's  CO.  Rlafluchufetts,  called  by  the 
Indians  No/ie, or  Cupatvocti,  is  fituated  be- 
tween 40  17,  and  41  29  N  lat.  and  be- 
tween 70  aa  and  70  50  W  Ion.  about  ai 
milci  long  and  6  broad,  and  lies  a  little 
to  the  W  of  Nantucket.  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Chabaquiddiek,  Noman's  Illand,  and 
the  Elizabeth  Iflands,  which  contain  a- 
boiit  16.500  acres  of  valuable  land,  con- 
ftitute  Duke's  county,  containing  3,118 
white  inhabitants,  and  between  400  and 
500  Indians  and  mulattocs  ;  who  fubfift 
by  agricult'ire  and  fifljing.  Cattle  and 
flicep  are  raifed  here  in  great  numljcrs  ; 
and  rye,  corn  and  oats  are  the  chief  prod- 
uce of  the  idand.  White  pipe  clay 
and  yellow  and  red  ochre  are  found  in 
Martha's  Vineyard.  The  ravages  of 
war  were  fevesely  felt  in  this  induftrious 
fpot.  In  Septcmbsr,  1778,  the  Britifli 
made  a  requifitiou  of  their  militia  arms, 
300  oxen,  and  2000  flieep,  which  were 
delivered  up.       See  Gay  Head. 

M.:rtici,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  1 248  inhabitants. 

Martin,  a.  county  of  Halifax  diftrict,  N. 
Carolina,  adjoining  Tyrrel,  Halifax,  Ber- 
tie, and  Pitt  counties.  It  contains  531a 
inhabitants,  of  whom  ? 646  are  Haves. 

Martin,  Cape  St.  on  the  coaft  pt  N 
Spain  on  the  N.  Sea. 

Martin's,  St.  one  of  the  northernmoft  of 
the  Caribhee  iflands  ;  fituated  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  between  Ariguilla  N,  fiom 
whence  it  is  diAant  a  league  and  a  half 
and  St.  Bartholomew  S  E,  15  miles.  It 
is  about  15  leagues  in  circumference,  with 
commodious  bays  and  roads  on  the  N  W 
ftde.  Here  are  good  fait  pits,  and  lakes 
of  fait  water,  which  run  a  great  way  with- 
in the  land ;  but  has  no  frefli  water  but 
what  falls  from  the  clouds,  and  is  faved 
by  the  inhabitants  in  cifterns.  The  fait 
lakes  abound  in  good  fiHi,  particularly 
turtle  5  and  the  fait  water  pools  are  fre- 
quented by  vaft  numbers  of  birds.  In 
the  woods  are  wild  hogs,  turtle  doves,  and 
parrots  innumerable.  Here  are  feveral 
trees  producing  gums  ;  and  plenty  of  the 
Citndle  tree,  fplintert  of  which,  when  dry 


and  lighted,  emit  a  very  frmgiiant  rntelf; 
Its  tobacco,  the  chief  commodity  culti- 
vated, is  reckoned  the  bed  in  th<if  Carib- 
bte  iflands.  The  Spaniards  abandoned 
this  illand  in  1650,  and  blew  up  a  fort 
which  they  had  eredcd.  The  French 
and  Dutch  afterwards  fliarcd  the  illand 
between  tliem.  But  in  1689,  w^'"^  attack- 
ed and  plundered  by  Sir  Timothy  Thorn- 
hill,  and  in  July,  1744,  were- driven  out 
by  the  Britifli  forces,  and  did  not  return 
till  after  the  peace  of  1763.  They  no\r 
enjoy  alinut  35,000  acres,  out  of  the 
.';,f,oco  which  the  whole  iflaud  contains, 
'i'he  two  colonies  breed  poultry  and 
(beep,  which  they  fell  to  the  e-thcr  illand-. 
They  alfo  cultivate  a  little  cotton  and 
colFi.^.  Aboiii  30  yc.irs  ago  the  French 
part  contained  400  white  families,  and 
10,000  ilavcs.  The  Dutch  part  no  more 
than  60  families,  ^nd  about  aco  flaves. 
N  iat.  18  6,Wlon.  6230. 

Mai-tinkn,  one  of  the  largeft  of  the 
Caribbt-e  illands,  fituated  between  lat.  14 
and  15  N,  and  in  Ion.  6i  W,  lying  about 
40  Itagucfi  N  W  of  Barbadocs,  and  22  S 
by  E  of  Guadaloupe,  is  .-ibout  60  miles  iti 
length,  and- 30  in  breadth  ;  containing 
about  »6o  fquare  miles.  'I'he  inland  part 
of  it  ii  hilly,  from  which  are  poured  out 
on  every  fide,  a  number  of  agreeable  and 
ufcful  rivers,  which  adorn  and  cnricb 
this  ifland  in  a  high  degree.  Tiie  pro- 
ducir  a*  the  foil  is  fugar,  cotton,  indigo, 
ginger  and  fuch  fruits  and  produiflions  as 
are  found  in  tbe  neighbouring  iibnd^ 
But  fugar  is  here,  as  in  all  the  VV.  Indi* 
iflaiids,  the  principal  commodity,of  whFt4i 
they  export  a  confiderable  quantity^an- 
nually.  Martinico  is  the  refidcnce  of  the 
governbr  of  the  French  iflands  in  thefe 
fea«.  tts  bays  and  harbours  are  nnmcr-- 
ous,  fafe  and  commodious,  and  well  for- 
tified. It  is  divided  into  28  parillies, 
whieh  contain  about  the  fame  number  of 
towns  and  villages,  and  2  principal  towns, 
I'ort  Royal  and  St.  Pierre.  In  1770  it  con- 
tained 12,450  white  pcopte  ;  1814  free 
blacks  or  mulattocs  ;  70,553  flaves,  and 
443  fugitive  negroes.  AbOwt  the  fame 
time  its  produdbs  were  computed  at  2 J 
million  lbs.  of  fugar,  3  million  11m.  of  col- 
fee,  600,000  lbs,  of  cotton,  and  40,000  lbs. 
of  cocoa.  Foreigners  carry  off  priVately 
about  a  12th  part  of  the  produce  of  the 
ifland,  and  the  reft  goes  to  France.  Thi* 
ifland,  called  Madjnina  by  the  ancient 
natives,  was  fettled  by  the  French  ii» 
1635.  The  Britifli  redliced  it  in  1762, 
but  reftorcd  it  at  the  conclufion  of  peace, 

in 


•V- 


MAR 


M  A  It 


in' 1 763.    It  was  again  taken  by  the  Bfit- 
ifli  in  1794. 

Martiniea,  Littlt.     S«e  Beiia. 

Mitrtip-Jburoughfi  townol  N. Carolina,  oi> 
the  S  fiilc  of  Tar  river,  ao  miles  above 
Wafliington. 

Martinjburgt  a  port  town  of  A'irginia, 
and  capital  of  Berkley  co.  about  8  ntilss 
S.of  tbc  Patowinac,  ill  the  midfl  of  a  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated  countEy,  and  2j 
miles  from  the  mineral  fprlngs  at  Bath. 
Jt  contains  upwards  of  70  houfes,  a  court 
houfe,  gat>l,,and  EpiCcopaLchnrch  ;  and 
-contiguous  to  ihe  town  is  one  for  Prel- 
byterians.  It  is  10  miles  from  Shcpherdf- 
tuwn,  30  from  .Pittfylvania  court  houfe, 
aj  from  Rocky  Mount  or  Franklin 
court  houfe,  22  N  £  of  .Wincheflcr,  8S 
24. N  W  of  Alcxandtia. 

MartinviUt,  a  pod  town,  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Guilford  co.  in  N.  Carolina,  is  agree- 
ably lituuted  on  the  E  fide  of  Buflaloe 
creek,  a  branch  of  Haw  river,  and  con- 
tains about  40  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and 
gaoL  It  lies  N  £  of  Bell's  Mill,  at  the 
head  of  Deep  river  ;  48  miles  N  W  of 
Hilliborough  ;  27  E  of. Salem;  50  N  E 
of  Salilbury  ;  iji  W  by  Sof  Halifax.  N 
lat.  36  j.W  Ion.  79  43.  It  was  near  this 
town  that  General  Greene  and  Lord 
Cornwallis  engaged  in  one  of  the  bell 
fought  adlions  in  the  late  war,  on  the 
15th  of  March,  1 781  :  and  altiwugh  the 
Americans  were  driven  ofT  the  field,  the 
Bntifh  fuffcred  fo  great  a  lofs,  that  they 
could  not  purfue  the  vidlory.  T  he  great- 
e(l  part  of  the  coimtiy  in  which  the  ac- 
tion happened,  was  a  wildcrnefs,  with  a 
few  cleared  fields  interfperfed.  The  A- 
merican  army,  when  the  atflion  commenc- 
ed, was  polled  on  a  riling  ground  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  from  Guilford  court  houfe. 

Marylaadf  one  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  lies  between  lat.  37  s6y  and  39 
44  N,  and  between  75  8,  and  79  38  W 
Ion.  It  it  about  134  miles  in  length,  and 
xio  in  bre3dth,and  contains  14,000  fquare 
miles,  one  fourth  of  which  is  water.  It 
is  bounded  N  by  Pennfylvania ;  E  by 
Delaware  ftate,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean ; 
S  and  W  by  Virginia  :  and  is  divided  in- 
to 19  counties,  11  of  which  arc  on  the 
tVeJiern,  and  8  on  the  Eajlim  fhore  of 
Cheiapeak  bay.  Tliofe  on  the  IViJIem 
fiore  are  Harford,  Baltimore,  Ann  Aruu- 
,del,  Frederick,  Alleghany,  Walhington, 
Montgomery,  Prince  George,  Calvert, 
Charles,  and  St.  Mary's.  Thofe  on  the 
Majlern  fieri  are  Cecil,  Kent,  Queen  Ann, 
Caruliacj  Talbot,  Somerfet,  Dorchefter, 


and  Worcefler.  The  whole  numlier  nf 
inhabitants  in  tlicAatcis  349,692;  of 
whom  107,707  are  fl.ivc9.  Each  of  the  coun- 
ties fcndH  4  reprcl'cntatives  to  the  houlc 
of  delegates  ;  befide  which  the  city  of 
Annapolis,  the  metropolis,  and  the  town 
of  Baltimore,  fend  2  each.  The  chief 
towns  of  the  ftatc,  btlide  thcfe  two,  are 
Georgetown,  bordering  on  the  ciiy  of. 
Wafhington  on  the  river  Parovmac.Frid- 
ericktown,  Hagarftown  and  Elkton.  !llic 
city  of  Wafliington  was  ceded  liy  the 
ftaie  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  to  the 
Ujiited  Statt>,  and  by  thc^n  eflablillicd' 
as  the  feat  of  thtir.^ovcrnmcnt,  after  the 
year  i8co.  Chcfapeak  bay,  which  di- 
vides this  (late  into  eadern  and  wedern 
divifions,  is  the  largefl  in  the  United 
States.  From  the  eaftern  fliore  in  Mary- 
land, among  other  fmaller  ones,it  receives 
Pokomoke,  Nunticoke,  Choptank,  Chef- 
ter,JEIkc,  Wye,  Sallafras,  and  Bohemia 
rivers.  From  the  N,  the  rapid  Sufquo- 
hanna  ;  and  from  the  W,  Patapfco,  Sev- 
ern, Patuxent,Patoniak,  half  of  which  is 
in  Maryland,  and  half  in  'Virginia,  Gun- 
powder 9ud  Wighcohioco.  Except  the 
Sufquthanna  and  Patomak,  thelc  arc 
fnall  rivers.  The  face  of  the  country  is 
uniformly  level  t^nd  low  in  mcft  of  the 
counties  on  the  eaflern  fliore,  and  confe- 
quently  covered,  in  many  places,  with 
iiagnant  water,  except  where  it  is  intcr- 
fc45lcd  by  numerous  creeks.  Here  alio 
are  large  traiSls  of  .macHi,  which,  during 
the  day,  load  the  atmofpherc  with  vapour, 
that  falls  in  dew,  in  the  clofe  of  the,  fum- 
nKr  and  fall  feafons,  which  are  fickly. 
Intenr.ittcnts  are  common,  fo  that  the  in- 
habitants have  a  llckly  appearance.  The 
fpring  and  fummer  are  moA  hcalihy. 
The  W  part  of  the  ftate  is  crolTed  by  that 
range  of  mountains  which  paflcs  through 
Pennfylvania  and  Virginia.  The  N  part 
of  the  (late  is  varied  with  hills  and  vales. 
The  £  fliore,  excepting  the  N  part  of  Ce- 
cil county,  is  one  cxtcniivc  level.  Wlieat 
and  tobacco  are  the  Aaplc  commodities. 
In  the  interior  country,  on  the  uplands, 
confiderable  quantities  of  hemp  and  flax 
are  railed.  A  few  raife  cotton  of  an  in- 
ferior quality.  Their  gardens  produce 
excellent  roots  and  vegetables.  The  fruit 
of  their  orchards  is  equal  to  any  on  the 
Continent.  Pears,  peaches  plums,  and 
feveral  fpecies  of  cherries,  are  plenty. 
From  their  apples  and  peaches  they  mak« 
brandv.  Forcfl  trees,  the  mod  common 
are  oak,  walnut,  hickory,  afli,  chefnut, 
faflafras,  magnolia,  and  icvcral  kinds  of 

pine. 


,» 


MA'  K 

p'ffiJ.    Th?  ftite  abotiiidi  with  mine*  «f 
iron  ore  ;  funnces  and  forges  are  creiJl:- 
cU  ill  6  counties.     A  planter  in  the  lower 
counties,  fometimes  h.ts  lo  or  if  houfes 
on  his  plantation,   hwt  not  one  barn   to 
flicltcr  his  cows  and  farming  ho rfes  from 
the  florms  and  frofts-of  winter.     Shiver- 
in<T  and  hungry,  they  have  nothing  but 
a  fence  to  defend  them  from  the  winter's 
blad.    A  plantation  generally   contains 
from  too  to  looo  acres.     Whiflcy  from 
rye  is   made  in  large  quantities.      The 
inhabitancs.exccpt  in  the  populous  towns, 
live  on  their  plantations,  often  feveral 
miles  didant  from    each  other.      To  an' 
inhabitant  of  the  middle,  and  cfpecially  of 
the  eaftern  States,  which  are  thickly  peo- 
pled, they  appear  to  live  retired  and  un- 
focial  lives.     The  negroes  perform  all  the 
manual  labour.     The  inhabitants  of  the 
populous  towns,  and  thofc  from  the  coun- 
try who  h:»vc  imercourfe  with  tliem,  are 
in  their  manners  and  cuftomt  genteel  and 
agreeable.      The   trade  of  Maryland  '  is 
principally  carried  on    from  Baltimore, 
with  the  other  dates,  with  the  W.  Indies, 
and  with  fome  parts  of  Europe.     To  thefe 
places  they   fend  anHually  about  .^o.ooo 
hoglheads  of  tobacco,  belide  large  quan^ 
titles   of  wheat,   flour,  pig  iron,  lumber 
aiud  corn  ;  beans,  pork,  and  flaxfeed  in 
fmaller  quantities;  and  receive  in  return, 
clothing  for  themfelves  and' negroes,  and 
other  dry  goods,  wines,  fpirits,  fugar8,and 
other  W.  India  commodities.     The  bal- 
ance is  generally  in  their  favour.  The  to- 
tal amount  of  exports  from     Dnllam.     Cts. 
Baltimore  in     1790,   was   2.oa7,777  64 
1799         -         -  16,299,609  CO 

1801         -        -  8,006,290  CO 

Value  of  imports  in  1790,'  1,945,899  SS 

179s        -  -  5.8li,379  55 

In  the  year  1791,  the  quantity  of  wheat 
exported  was  205,571  bufliels;  Indian 
corn  205,643  do.  belsde  151,445  barrels 
of  wheat  flour,  4325  do.  Indian  meal,  6761 
do.  bread,  an-i  3104  kegs  of  crackers. 
The  Roman  Catholics,  tvho  were  the  firfb 
fottlers  in  M:irybnd,  are  the  mod  nu- 
merous religious  Ic€t.  Belide  thefe,  there 
are  Proteilant,  Epifcopalians,  Englifli, 
Scotch,  and  Irifli  Prefbyterians,  German 
Galvinids,  German  Lutherans,  Friends, 
Baptifts,  Methodifls,  Mennonifts,  Nico- 
iites  or  new  Qtrakers  ;  who  all  enjoy  lib- 
erty of  confcience.  The  feminaries  of 
liiarning  are  as  follows  :  Wajbingtoa  A- 
eademy,  in  Somcrfet  county,  which  wasin- 
ftituted  by  law  in  1779.  JVaJhingtan  Callege, 
U&itated  at  Chedertown,  in  Kent  cotinty, 


MA  It 

in  17S2.     By  a  I.iw  enadled  ia  178*7*  a' 
permanent    fund  was  granted  to  this  in-<- 
ftituticm  of   i2jol.  a  year,  currency.     iSV. 
Jabus  CoUejre  was  inftituted   in  1784,  tk^ 
which  a  permanent  fund  Is  alligned,  of 
1750I.  a  year.    This   college  is  to  be  at 
Annapolis,  where  a  building  is  now  pre<* 
pared  for  it.     Very  liberal  fubfcriptiont 
were  obtained  towards  founding  and  car* 
rying  on  thefe  feminaries.     The  two  col- 
leges  conditute  one   univ^rfltyj  by  the 
name  of  "  The  Univcrfity  of  Maryland," 
whereof  the  governor  of  the  flat",  for  the 
time  being,  is  diancelldr,  and  the  princi-* 
pal  of  one  of  them,  vice  chancellor.    The 
Roman  Cutholics  have  alfo  eredted  a  col- 
lege at  Georgetown,  on  Patowmac  riverj 
for  the  promotion  of  general  literature. 
In  1785,  tht  Methodifts  inftituted  a  col- 
lege ut  Abingion,  in  Harford  county,  by 
the  name'of  Cokefbury  CoHege.    Ever/ 
neighbourhood  has  itsfchool,  where  chil- 
dren are   taught   reading,    writing,  and 
arithmetic.    The  legidature  of  this  (late 
is  cnmpofed  of  two  diftintll  branches,  s 
Senate  and  Houfc  of  Delegates,  and  ftyl- 
edj  The  General  Aflcmbly  of  Maryland . 
On  the  fecond  Monday  in  November,  an- 
nually,  a  governor  is  appointed  by  the 
joint  ballot  of  both  houfes.    The  govern- 
or cannot  contimie  in  oflice  longer  than 
3  years  fucccflively.  Maryland  was  grant- 
ed by  king  Charles  I,  to  George  Calvert; 
baron  of  Baltimore,  in  Irelandj  June  20^ 
1634.    The  government  of  the  province 
was  by  charter,  vefted  in  the  proprietary; 
In  the  year  1689,  the  government  was 
taken  cut  of  the  hands  of  lord  Baltimore, 
by  the  grand  convention  of  England  ;  and 
in  1692,  Mr.  Copely  was  appointed  goy-> 
crnoi'  by  commiiTion  from  William  and 
Mary.     In  1692,  the  Protcftant  religionr 
was  efl;ablifl\ed  by  law.    In  171 6,  the  gov- 
ernment of  this  province  was  reftored  to 
the  proprietary,  and  continued   in   hi« 
:  hands,  till    the  late   revolution,  when, 
t'iou^h  a  minor,  his  property  in  the  lands 
was  coniifcated,  and  the  government  al^ 
fumed  by  the  freemen  of  the  province^ 
whok  in   1776,  formed  the   conlVitution 
now  exifting.    At  the  clofe  of  the  war; 
Henry  Harford,  Efq.  the  natural  fon  and 
heir  of  lord  Baltimore,  petitioned  the  le- 
giflature  of  Maryland,  for  his  cflate ;  but 
his  petition  was  not  granted.     Mr.  Har- 
ford eftimatcd  his  lofs  of  quit  rents,  val- 
ued at  20  years  purchafe,  and  including 
arrears,  at  £,iS<)Aa  •  S-  o,  dollars  at  "jfb  ; 
and  the  value  of  hi*  manors  and  referved 
land»,  at  ^£327,441,  of  the  fame  moncyt 


MAR 


M  A  S 


\ 


Maryi,iHit  Po'ii>l,'n  formed  by  abend  ill 
^atowniic  river,  W  of  l^ort  ToImcco, 

Miryjhur^h  Toiviijhi/ ,  in  Pfincc  Edward 
CO.  U.  Ciiuda,  i»  fituatcd  at  titc  eaftcrn 
cud  of  the  pcninfula  whivli  forms  ihc  bay 
of  Quintc,  aud  iict  open  to  like  Uiitariu 
uu  the  S,  timytL 

Mjry,  St.  a  port  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy. 

MuryyCipt  St,\%  the  moft  S  promouto' 
ry  of  Urazit,  in  S.  America. 

iWj/-jS  C.i/ie  Si.  the  i>oint  of  land  which 
forms  tlie  N  flde  of  the  mouth  of  La  I'la* 
ta  river  in  l*ariguay  or  La  Plata,  in  S.  A- 
xncrica.     8  lat.  35  14.W  Ion.  55  ja. 

Mjry,  Cape  St.  forms  the  S  E  iiead  land 
Bt  t!)c  mouth  of  Placeatia  Bay,  Newfound- 
land I. 

Mdrys  Rlv:r,  St.  a  branch  of  the  Mi* 
ami,  which  empties  into  L.  £rie.  Sec 
Ciriy's  Titiun. 

Marys  Jiiver,  St.  forms  3  part  of  the 
fourhcrn  boundary  line  of  the  U.  Siatt*. 
It  in  p-irt  divides  Gcor;iia  from  E.  lioii- 
d.i.and  is  very  crook.d.with  awidcoptn 
marfli  ou  each  fi.ic,  from  its  mouth  up- 
wards 30  miles,  where  the  marfli  is  tc;-- 
minattd  by  thick  woods.  It  is  nearly 
firaiglit  for  30  miles  farther,  up  to  Al/.n's, 
an  Indian  trader  at  the  head  of  nuviga* 
tion  ;  where  it  is  like  a  dead  creek,  4 
fathoms  deep,  and  10  rods  wide.  It  rifes 
i»  the  great  Okafonoka  or  Ekanfanoga 
fwamp,  which  extends  S  into  E.  Florida. 
it  is  thought  to  be  what  is  called  May 
river,  difcovered  by.  John  Ribalt,in  ij6a. 
Between  this,  and  Naffau  river,  lies  the 
low  even  coaft  of  Amelia  Idand.  The 
harbours  of  both  rivers  are  Ipacious,  but 
St.  Mary's  is  the  fafeft.  It  has  9  feet  of 
■water  at  low  Ipring  tides.  It  runs  a  couife 
«f  150  miles,  and  enters  the  ocean  between 
the  points  of  Amelia  and  Talbert's  illands, 
ill  lat.  30  44,  and  is  navigable  for  vcfleU 
vf  confiderable  burden  for  90  miles.  Its 
banks  afford  immenfc  quantities  of  fine 
timber,  fuitcd  to  the  W.  I.  market.  Along 
this  river,  every  4  or  j  miles,  are  bluflii 
convenient  for  vefTeU  to  haul  to  and  load. 

Marfs,  St.  a  port  town  and  port  of  en- 
try of  Georgia,  fituated  on  St.  Mary's 
river,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  a 
(mall  place,  and  has  little  ti'ade.  It  is 
1 39  miles  S  of  Savannah.  M  lat.  30  45, 
\V  Ion.  79  I  J. 

.  Marysy  St.  a  county  of  Maryland,  on 
tiK  penii)!'ala  between  Patowmac  and  Pa- 
tuxent  river$,,39  miles  in  length,  and  15 
in  breadth.:  It  contains  i.'),699  iuhabit- 
Mts,  of  wlw»]Bi.6j99  are  Haves. 


M<rry  f'iUe,  the  co.  town  of  Blotint  C9, 

Mury/ville,  a  poll  town,  Knox  eo.  Tcn- 
eiVce,  .561  miles  from  ^^'afllington. 

Mafcomy,  a  conridt.rHi)Ic  pond  in  N. 
Haniplltirc,  in  the  S  W  part  of  Grafton 
CO.  lying  partly  in  Lebanon  and  partly 
in  Enfield  towulliips.  This  pond  is  from 
30  to  40  fathoms  deep.  Tiie  furround- 
ing  land  bears  evident  marks,  that  the 
furface  of  this  pond  was  once  30  or  40 
feet  higher  than  its  preftnt  level.  Ap- 
pearances indicate  a  luddcn  rupture,  there 
being  no  fign  of  any  margin  betv.ecn  its 
former  and  prcl'ent  height.  About  a 
mile  diltant  from  its  outlet,  there  is  a  de- 
declivity  of  rocks  40  feet  higher  than 
the  ftrcam,  as  it  now  runs.  By  the  fitu- 
ation  of  thefe  roeks,  it  appears  that  they 
were  once  a  fall,  over  which  the  water 
flowed  ;  but  it  has  now  made  for  itfelf  a 
very  deep  channel,  through  folid  earth, 
nearly  a  mile  in  length. 

Mufcaiitens,  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
hiibit  on  L.  Michigan,  and  Ix  tween  that 
and  the  Miflllippi.  'Ihe  number  of  war- 
riors, 4C0. 

M'lpcet.     See  Hancni-t's  SIvrr. 

Mufm.'A  county  of  Kentucky,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Ohio  river.  It  is  watered  by  a 
number  of  creeks,  which  fall  into  Sandy 
river  and  the  Ohio,  and  contains  11,405 
inhabitants,  1603  of  whom  are  flaves. 

Mafun,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  Mafrachufettslirie 
about  70  miles  W  of  Portfmouth,  and  jO 
N  Wof  Bolton.     It  has  1 179  inhabitants. 

l.^iifque  Pocona,  a  jurifdidlion  of  Char- 
cas,  in  Peru,  extending  above  30  leagues. 
Its  air  is  hot,  but  not  too  great  for  vines. 
The  city  of  the  fame  name,  where  the 
bifhop  of  Santa  Cruz  de  ka  Sierra  rcfidet, 
is  very  thinly  inhabited;  but  theie  arc 
in  other  parts  of  the  jurifdiiStion,  fevcral 
populous  towns.  It  produces  all  kinds 
of  grain  and  fruits  ;  honey  and  wax  con- 
Aitute  a  principal  part  of  its  trade. 

M^fijuea,  or  Cljilques  and  Miifquei  a  ju- 
riididtion  of  Cafco,  in  Peru,  which  begins 
about  7  or  8  leagues  from  Cafco,  extend- 
ing about  30  in  length.     Sec  Chilqties. 

Majfac  Fort,  was  built  by  the  French  on 
the  W  bank  of  the  Ohio,  near  its  mouth', 
in  N  lat.  37  15,  n  miles  below  the  month 
of  Teneffee  river.  It  (lands  on  a  high 
ftony  bank.  The  ftones  appear  to  be 
compofed  of  ferruginous  matter  and  grav- 
el. A  confiderable  quantity  of  land  both 
above  and  below  the  fort,  is  annually  in- 
undated. A  number  of  troops  are  fta- 
tioncd  here.   ;    .  Eithntt. 


n  the  3 
tl  h/   a 

Sanely 

11,405 
ves. 
ugh  CO. 
ittsliiic 

,  and  50 
ibitants. 
Char- 
lie agues. 
)r  vines. 
litre  the 
refidei, 

leit  arc 
f,  feveral 

til  kinds 

rax.  con- 

le. 

\uet  a  ju- 

|h  begins 
extend- 

ilqties. 

jrench  on 
.  mouth; 
ic  mouth 
a  high 
ir  to  be 
^nd  grav- 
fand  both 
lually  in- 
are  fta- 
•.tlkett. 


M  A  is 

Mjfiibufttlt  Prepn,  (which  with  the 
biflridl  of  Maine  conftitutet)  one  of  the 
IJiiited  States  of  America,  is  fituated  be- 
tween lat.  4t  13  and  43  5 1  N  and  be- 
tween long.  69  57  and  73  38  W.  Its 
xreateft  length  is  190  miles,  its  greated 
nrcadth  $0  miles ;  and  is.  bodnded  N  by 
Vermoht  and  N.  Hampth'ire,  £  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  S  by  the  Atlantic, 
Rhode-Ifland  aAd  Connedkicut,  W  b^  N. 
York.  MaflVchufetts  Proper  is  divided 
Sato  13  cdunties-,  as  in  the  following  table : 


3.       ff 


^\  &t-«»5:i5  &  t  8  J5 


a  ' 
-5 


?l 


IM    A               U  IN  1      Ot 

0     «e  "•WOlWlUl      ti 

t 

S'5 

t 

^ 

5-S 

In 

1 

v»    WW 

?! 

•■4 

«     OHO"tOi^»     00 

V3     la 
w     ^ 

3-2 

a\  ^  »- 1.  00b  4k 
0    f-^ooSSIJ  "{J 

8 

00 

00  a" 

S  Is  &^  3  111 

r  8 


iE-§lii§1lii5.lsi2 


III   is 
"5 


» 
^ 
a 


>»  Ji*  «*•  %  oevi  ii  -  V^  «  i»  5s  <o 

^  M  MVI  M^  gVl^   (^  g^  .  9)V>WV| 


eg. 


The  popHlation  is  about  60  for  every 
I  i^uare  mile.  This  is  the  only  (tate  in  the 
I  Union  in  which  there  are  no  flaves.  The 
Iweftem  part  of  this  State  is  fomewhat 
InouQtainous  and  hiily.     See  Nt-ui-Mn-, 

y«t.  I.  '  R  R 


Mas 


\ 


j  gland,    Wachufett  mountainXin  Wnce- 
town,  Worcedcr  county,  is  2989  f^et  .1- 
i)ovc  the  level  of  the  r?a,  and  may  be 
feen  60  miles.     In  MafTachuTetcs  are  to 
be  found  all  the  varieties  of  foil,  from  very 
good  to  veiry  bad,  capable  of  yielding  all 
the  diflfererit  produftions  common  to  the 
climate^  fuch  as  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat, 
barley,  oat<,  hemp,  flak,  hops,  potatoes, 
ficld'beans  and  peas,  applcsj  pears,  peach- 
es, plttnn,  cherries,  &c.    That  part  df 
thie  State  which  is  didinguiflied  by  the 
natne  of  the  Old  or  Plymouth  Colony,  inclu- 
ding the  counties  of  Barnftible,  Duke'i, 
Nantucket,  Briftol  and  Plymouth,  in  point 
of  foil,  is  the  pooreft  part  of  the  StatCj 
beiiig  generally  fandv  and  light,   inter- 
fpcr^,  however,  with   many  excellenk 
tradtt  of  land.     The  northern,  middle, 
and  weftcrn  parts  of  the  State  have,  gen- 
erally fpeaking,  a  (Irong,  good  foil,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing  and  grain  ;  very  itmilar  id 
the  foil  of  N.  Harripfliire  and  Vermont 
on  one  fide,  and  to  that  of  Rhode-Ifland 
and  Conncifticut  on  the  other.     It  has 
been  obl'crVed  thit^he  cfTedts  of  the  call 
winds  extend  farther  inland  than  fortner- 
ly,  atki  injure  the  tender  fruits,  plrtiru-^ 
larly  the  peach, and  even  the  more  hardv* 
apple.    The  (laple  commodities  of  thia 
State  are  fifli,  beef,  lumber;  &c. 

The  country  is  well  watered  by  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  rivers,  fomc  of  which  fall  in- 
to Connedticut  river,  which  paffes  fouth- 
eriy  through  the  W  part  of  the  State; 
others  run  northward  to  Merriniark  riv- 
er, which  enters  from  N.  Hampfliirc  and 
waters  tbi  N  E  corner  of  the  State; 
others  pafs  into  Connedticut  and  Rhode- 
Ifland  ;  Myftick  and  Charles  rivers  fall 
into  Bolton  ba^  ;  others  fall  into  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  iA  different  parts  of  the  fea- 
coaft.  The  ^licf  capes  are  Ann,  Cod, 
Malabar,  Poge,  Gay  Head,  &c.  The 
molt  noted  bays  are  MaiTachuietts,  Tp- 
fwich,  Bofton,  Plymouth,  Barnflable,  and 
Buzzard's.  There  are  many  other  bays 
of  lets  note.  The  chief  iflnnds  are  Nan- 
tucket, Martha's  Vineyard,  Elizabeth- 
Iflands,  and  numerous  fmall  iflcs  inBoftoa 
Bay. 

The  chief  iiao  manufadtures  in  thii 
State  are  dcfcribe^n  the  account  of  Ply- 
mouth and  Brtftt^>  counties,  and  their 
towns  Taunton,  Brid|ewater,  Middlebor- 
ough,  Jcc.  where  natls  have  been  made: 
in  Tuch  quantities  as  to  prevent,  in  a  great 
meafure,  the  importation  of  them  from 
Greqt-Britaia.  Nail-making  was  not  an 
obje4l  of  coDlider<iblc  atuation,  until  the 

Qeseral 


MAS 


MAS 


General  Court  laid  a  duty  on  imported 
naiU  of  every  flze.  Thii  foon  "gave 
nervci  to  the  arm,  and  motion  to  the 
hammer ;  and  from  400  to  500  nail*  indif- 
ferently made  by  one  h^nd  in  one  day, 
loco  are  now  well  made  in  the  fame 
time."  The  machine  invented  by  Caleb 
Leach,  of  Plymouth,  vill  cut  and  head 
5,000  nails  in  a  day,  under  the  diredlion 
of  a  youth  of  cither  fex.  There  it  a  ma< 
chine  for  cutting  nails  at  Amcibury,  in> 
Vented  by  Mr.  Jacob  Perkins,  which  will 
turn  out  t-wo  hundttd  thoufand  nails  in  a 
day.  The  nails  arc  faid  to  have  a  decid- 
ed fuperiority  over  thofe  of  En^lifli  man- 
ufatflure,  and  are  fold  io  per  ceit\  cheap- 
er. ManufatSloriea  of  cotton  and  woollen 
have  been  attempted  with  varioua  fuc- 
cefs  at  Beverly,  Worceder,  Bofton  and 
Kewbury.  There  are  in  this  State  up- 
wards of  twenty  paper-mills,  which  make 
more  than  70,000  reams  of  writing,  print- 
ing and  wrapping  paper  annually.  It 
was  edimated  in  1792,  that  j£ 30,000 
^worth  of  paper  was  yearly  made  by  thefe 
mills.  The  quantity  has  much  increafed 
fioce.  The  other  manufaiflotict  for  cot- 
ton and  wool  cards,  playing  cards, 
flioes,  lace,  wire,  &c.  arc  noticed  under 
the  defcription  of  Bo(ton,  Caml>ridge, 
Lynn,  Ipfwich,  Dedliam,  &c.  There  arc 
fevetil  fmiflT,  oil,  chocolate  and  powder 
mills  in  -iiiFcrent  parts  of  the  State,  and 
•  number  of  iron-woilu  and  llitting-mills, 
befides  other  mills,  in  common  ufe  for 
fawing  lumber,  grinding  grain,  and  ful- 
ling cloth.  There  were  in  179*,  6»  dif- 
tilleries  in  this  State,  employed  in  diftil- 
ling  from  foreign  material*.  One  mil- 
lion, nine  hundred  thoufand  gallons  have 
been  diftilled  in  one  year,  which,  at  a  du- 
ty of  1 1  cents  a  gallon,  yields  a  revenue 
to  the  government  nf  309,000  dollars. 
There  are  indeed  few  attirles  which  are 
elTentially  ncceflary,  and  miniAer  to  the 
comfort  and  convenience  of  life,  that  are 
BOtmanufadlured  in  ihisState.  This  Com- 
monwealth is  remarkable  for  its  literary, 
bumane  and  other  focieties,  which  arc 
noticed  in  their  proper  places. 

The  militia  of  MafTachufctts  is  com- 
pofed  of  all  the  able  bodied  white  male 
citizens  from  18  to  45  years  of  age,  ex- 
cepting from  the  enrotlment,  within  thefe 
ages,  clergA',  fchooWmafters,  civil  ofHccrs 
of  Iniporta'ncei  either  under  the  State  or 
federal  government,  and  alfo  thofe  who 
have  held  any  military  commifllon  what- 
ever. The  whole  is  formed  into  10  di- 
vifions,  which,  together,  compofe  a  body 


of  i.4*J  infantry,  *,ji»  ciTaTry,  and 
1433  artillerv;  the  latter  are  furnifl^ed 
with  60  field-pieces,  and  with  tumbrils 
and  apparatus  complete.  This  State,  in« 
eluding  the  Di(ltic<l  of  Maine,  owns 
more  than  three  limes  as  many  tons  of 
fliipping  as  any  other  of  the  States,  and 
more  than  one  third  part  of  the  whole 
that  belongs  to  the  United  States.  Up- 
wards of  19,000  tons  are  employed  in 
carrying  on  the  fillierics;  46,000  in  the 
coafling  bulincfs,  and  96,564  in  trading 
with  almufl  all  parts  of  the  world.  Pot 
and  pearl  aihcs,  (laves,  iax-feed,  bct-s 
wax,  &c.  aie  carried  chiefly  to  Great- 
Britain,  in  remittance  for  their  manufac- 
tures; inaft$,  provirions,  &e.  to  the  £aft- 
Indies;  fifli,  uil,  beef,  pork,  lumber,  can- 
dles, &c.  are  carried  to  the  Wed-Indics 
fur  their  produce,  and  the  two  fird  arti- 
cles, fiHi  and  oil,  to  France,  Spain,  and 
Portugal;  roots,  vegetables,  fruits,  and 
fmall  meats,  to  Nova-Scotia  and  N.  Brunf- 
wick ;  hats,  faddlery,  cabinet-work,  men's 
and  women's  flioes,  nails,  tow-cloth,  bar- 
ley, hops,  butter,  cheefr,  &e.  to  the  fouth- 
ern  States.  The  value  of  exports  in  the 
year  ending  Sept.  30, 17  91,  was  1445,97.; 
dollars  Si  cents— in  I7'9i,  1,889,911 
dollars— in  1793,  3,676411  dollars,  and 
in  1794—5,380,703  dollars— in  1801, 
13,491,631  dollars.  For  an  account  of 
the  climate,  &c.  fee  NewEiiglaiiJ.  The 
chief  towns  of  this  State,  beudes  Bofton, 
the  metropolis,  are  Salem,  Newbury-Port, 
Charledown,  Worcefler,  Northampton, 
Springfield,  &c. 

Ma£acbufetti  Sound,  on  the  M  W  coad 
of  America,  is  fituated  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  the  Quadras  Ifles. 

Majfacrt  River  paflcs  out  of  the  Straiti 
of  Magellan  S  W  into  the  fuppofed  chan- 
nel of  St.  Barbara,  which  cuts  through  the 
ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  through  which, 
it  is  f»id,  Capt.  Mareanille  of  Marfeillci 
pafled  in  1713  into  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mfljfiere  River,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
iHand  of  St.  Domingo,  falls  into  the  bay 
of  ManetnilUf  which  fee. 

Majfacrt,  a  fmall  ifland  on  thecoafl  of 
W.  Florida,  2  miles  to  the  eaftward  of 
Horn  Ifland ;  10  miles  from  the  main 
land  ;  all  the  way  acrofs  there  is  from  2 
to  3  fathoms ;  except  the  (hoal  called 
l.a  Grand  Bature,  which  (Iretches  a 
league  from  the  main  land,  with  l  or 
3  feet  water  en  it,  and  in  fome  places  not  | 
fo  much.  Behind  it  is  a  large  bay  called  1 
L'Aucc  de  la  Grand  Bature,  8  miles  E  of 

Pafcagoula 


\ 


MAT 

pAfcagoula    Bluff.     See    Daufbiit   Ifiani. 
Hutchint. 

Mijfa/utro,  an  iHand  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  called  by  the  Spaniartls  the  I.ef> 
ftr  Juan  Fernandei,  24  league*  W  bv  S 
of  the  Oreater  Juan  Kcrnandcs.  It  nas 
»lwav3  been  reprcfcntcd  by  the  Spaniards 
M  a  Darren  rock,  without  wuod,  w^tcr  or 

Erovifiona.  But  Lord  Anfon  found  this  to 
e  a  political  falfity,  aflcrtcd  to  prevent 
hoflile  vcflTeli  from  touching  there,  i'htre 
is  anchorage  on  the  N  Tide  in  deep  water, 
where  a  iinglc  fliip  may  be  fhcltercd  clofe 
under  the  (liore,  but  is  expofed  to  all 
winds  except  the  fouth.  According  to 
Capt.  Magee,  of  the  (hip  JcfTerlon,  it  is 
38  leagues  to  the  wefkward  of  Juan  Fer- 
nandes,  and  in  about  33  30  S  lat.  and  8a 
W  long,  from  Greenwich. 

Maffanuteni  Rivir,  a  wedcm  branch  of 
the  Shenandoah. 

Majftdan  Bay,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  W  coail  of  Mexico,  is  iituatcd  be- 
tween Acapuico  and  Aquacara,a  port  near 
the  cape  of  California,  where  Sir  Thomas 
Cavendiflt  lay  after  he  had  palTed  the 
Straits  of  Magellan- 

Ma/ey'fToviii,  is  .>n  the  northern  bank 
of  Ohio  river,  between  Little  Miami  and 
Sciota  riven. 

Majliigalet,  Sullivan  co.  Tenneflee. 
Here  is  a  poA  office,  437  miles  from  Wafli. 
ingtor. 

Mafy't  Crtfi  Roadi,  in  Kent  co.  Mary- 
land, is  N  £  of  New  Market,  S  £  of 
George-Town,  and  S  by  W  of  SafTafras- 
I'own,  about  5  miles  from  each. 

Map  Buy,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  Ifl- 
and  of  Jamaica,  in  the  N  W  part.  It  is 
caftward  of  Montego  Bay,  and  near  the 
ihelf  of  rocks  that  lies  from  the  ihore, 
called  Catlin's  Clifli. 

Maftitk  Gut,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  ill- 
and  of  St.  Chriftopher's  in  the  W.  Indies, 
is  between  Moline's  Gut  on  the  N  W 
and  Godwin's  Gut  on  the  S  £. 

MaJiigM,  a  river  which  runs  wedward 
into  Lake  Michigan  about  11  miles  north 
of  La  Grande  Riviere.  It  is  150  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth. 

Mala,  Point,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  and  9  leagues  N  W  of 
Cape  Maify. 

Mataea,  or  Mantaea,  is  a  commodious 
hay  on  the  N  coalt  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
where  the  galleons  ufually  come  to  r  ke 
in  frefli  water  on  their  returnvto  Spain, 
about  I  a  leagues  from  the  Havannah.  It 
appears  to  be  the  fame  as  Matanae,  in 
lat.  aj  la  M,  long  81  16  W.    Peter  lieya 


MAT 

took  a  great  part  of  a  rich  fleet  of  Span- 
ilh  (■altcons  here  in  i6a7. 

Miiaia,  a  province  t>f  S.  Ametica,  to- 
wards the  river  Amazon,  httwcen  the 
mouth  of  Madeira  and  Tiipaifa  rivers. 

Matanea,  or  Mananctt,  i  fliort  and 
broad  river  of  £.  l-'lorid.-i  w  liich  falls  into 
the  ocean  S  of  St.  Auguflinc. 

MataHcliI,  a  fea  port  on  the  W  coaS 
of  N.  Mexico,  about  uo  leagues  to  the 
N  £  of  the  the  rocks  of  Ponteque,  over 
which,  in  clciir  weather,  may  he  tlcn  a 
very  high  hill,  with  a  break  on  the  top, 
called  the  hill  of  Xalifco,  8  r.r  9  leagues 
from  the  port. 

Maiane,  Grtal  and  Liillf,  rivers  in  Low- 
er Canada,  which  fall  from  the  S  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  near  its  mouth.  The 
mouth  of  the  Matane  rivers  of  Canada, 
is  capable  of  admitting  veflels  of  200  tons 
burthen.  All  this  coafl,  efpccially  near 
this  river,  for  ao  leagues,  abounds  in  cod, 
which  might  employ  500  fliallops  or  fifh- 
ing  fmacks  at  a  time.  The  fim  is  very 
fine,  and  fit  for  exportation  to  the  Straits, 
Spain  and  the  Levant.  Great  numbers  of 
whales  have  been  alfo  feen  floating  upon 
the  water,  which  may  be  (truck  with  a 
harpoon,  and  prove  a  very  valuable  fi(h> 
ery. 

Matantatf  or  Matanee,  a  large  bay  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  16 
leagues  S  £  of  the  Havannah. 

Matavia  Bay,  or  Port  Soyal  Bay,  is  fit- 
uated  within  Point  Venus  near  the  N 
part  of  the  iiland  of  Otaheite,  but  open 
to  the  N  W  and  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  eafl  fide  of  the  bay  has  good  anchor- 
age in  14  and  16  fathoms.  S  lat.  17  29, 
W  long.  149  30,  and  the  variation  of  the 
compafs  3  34  eafl. 

Matfchedajh,  a  bay  in  the  eaftetn  part 
of  L.  Huron,  into  which  the  river  Severn 
empties,  and  forms  a  communication  with 
with  L.  Simcoe,  which  fee. 

Mathanon  Port,  in  the  S  E  part  of  tke 
ifland  of  Cuba,  is  one  of  thofe  ports  on 
that  coafl  which  afford  good  anchorage 
for  fltips,  hut  without  any  ufe  for  want 
of  them.  It  is  between  Cape  Cruz  and 
Cape  Maizi,  at  the  ea(t  end  of  the  ifland. 

MatLto  Bivtr,  in  £  Florida,  or  St.  Jetn'^t 
which  fee. 

Matbrw't,  Fort,  (lands  on  the  eaflern 
fide  of  Oconee  river,  in  the  S  weflera 
part  of  Franklin  co.  Georgia. 

Matheivs,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed W  by  Gloucefler,  from  which  it  was 
taken  fince  1790  ;  lying  on  the  W  (hore 
of  the  bay  of  Chefapeak.    It  is  about  18 

.    wilCi 


\ 


! 
I 


\\V\\ 


MAT 


M  A  17 


eiilei  !n  len|th  nnd  6  in  breadth.  It  con* 
tatni  3,00)  free  inhabitanu  and  2,804 
flavci. 

Maticalot  Xivtr,  on  the  W  eoaft  of  N. 
Mexico,  iit  7  leaj(ues  from  Catalta  Strand, 
or  thr  |>ort  nrSanfonate.  It  it  much  cxpof- 
ed  to  northerly  \vind»,  and  i>  known  by  , 
foinefmnll  buthigh  hiili  that  are oppofitc  > 
to  it.    Tlicre  (I  another  Urge  river  to  the  | 
wcftward  of  it,  about  4  league*,  which 
hai  s  fathonu  upon  the  bar ;  and  frpm 
thence  to  tlie  bar  uf  £ftapa  it  i«  15  league*. 

MafUi/afi  village  of  Virginia.fitnatcd  on 
t^e  S  W  bank  of  I'atowmac  river,  aliove 
wafliington  city,  and  near  the  Great 
Fall*. 

Ma^llJa  ti)V)i>Jkipy  in  the  county  of 
Tundas,  in  Upper  Canada,  ii  the  (ixth 
townfliip  in  ^fctnding  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, a  few  miUt  N  W  of  Ofwegatchir. 

M^ttHtcui  Jfian4tt  on  the  coaft  of  Maine. 
When  you  pafs  to  the  weft  of  ihcfe  ifl- 
«nd*,  the  main  paiTage  from  the  fca  to 
Penobfcot  ^ay  lies  about  N  by  W.  Ma- 
tinicua  lie*  N  Ut.  43  56,  W  long.  68 

M»lt^  ii  3ra*il,  a  town  in  the  captain* 
fliip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Brazil ;  about  9 
league!  from  Olinda.  It  i*  very  populous ; 
and  quantities  of  Brazil  wood  are  fent 
from  this  country  to  Europe. 

Maitapan^^ »  navigable  river  of  Virgin* 
la,  which  nfes  in  Spottfylvania  county, 
and  running  a  S  £  courfe, jnini  Pamunky 
riyer,  below  the  town  of  De  la  War,  and 
together  form  York  river.  This  river  will 
admit  loaded  floats  to  Downer's  bridge, 
70  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Matttf,  on  (he  £  coaft  of  S.  America,  in 
the  S  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  i|i  lat.  45  5  S, 
and  long.  64  %$  W. 

Matthio  JJlfind,St.OT  Si.  Maitbnoi  JJIand, 
\n  the  9  Atlantic  Ocean.    S  lat.  i  34. 

Mattirwj,  a  county  of  Virginia,  18 
miles  long  and  fi^t  broad,  bounded  W  by 
Cfloueeftcr,  N  by  Midulcrez,  £  by  the 
Chefapeak,  and  S  by  Mobjack  bay.  At 
the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office,  193  miles 
troLi  Wa{hington. 

Mtttatutk,  Suffolk  CO.  N.  York,  in 
Southold  townfhip,  on  t,nng-Iil.  Sound. 
Ifere  is  a  poft  o^ce,  345  miles  from  Wafh- 
ingtbn. 

Mmtllesu'i  Bay,  Si.  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, 019  the  W  fhore  of  Campeachy  Quif, 
is  more  than  100  leagues  to  the  N  of 
Tumbcz. 

Mattbnvi,  ^1.  or  Matlbn  Bay,  on  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
{6  leagues  to  the  N  £  by  E  from  Point, 


OaVra,  and  5  or  6  leagues  S  S  W  from 
the  river  St.  Jago,  between  which  there 
is  anchorage  all  the  way,  if  fhips  keep  t\ 
leaft  in  6  fotbomt  water.  It  is  aH  higl\ 
land  with  hollow  red  crags,  and  feveral 
piiints  run  out,  forming  good  retreats  for 
fliipa  driven  in  by  hard  fqualls  and  flawa 
from  the  hilU,  and  by  the  feu  running 
high,  which  often  happen. 

MaugtrvitU,  a  townfliip  in  Sunbury 
CO.  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  on  St. 
John's  river,  oppoGte  St.  Annci,  30  miles 
above  Belifle. 

Muyra,     See  SoeiHy  IJIamit, 

Mauripai,  an  ifland  on  the  M  E  eoaft 
of  L.  Syperinr,  in  Upper  Canada,  and  N 
B  of  Ponchartrain  ifland,  about  halfway 
between  Elbow  Ifland,  and  the  bay  of 
Michipicottn. 

Muurrpat,  a  lake  in  W.  Florida,  which 
communicates  weftward  with  the  Miiri*. 
(Ippi  river,  through  the  Gut  of  Ibbcrville, 
and  eaflward  with  Lake  Ponchartrain. 
It  is  10  miles  long,  7  broad, and  has  fo  or 
\%  feet  water  in  it.  The  country  around 
it  is  low,  and  covered  with  (.yprefs,  live- 
oak,  myttle,  &c.  Two  creeks  fall  into 
this  lake,  one  from  the  N  fide,  called 
Nattabanie,  the  other  from  the  peninfula 
of  Orleans.  From  the  Ibbcrville  at  its 
jundtion  with  Maurepas  to  the  river 
Amit  is  39  miles,  apd  from  thmce,  fol- 
lowing the  Ibbcrville,  to  the  Mifllfippi  at 
the  W  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Orleans, 
ax  miles.  From  the  Ibbcrville  acrofs  the 
lake,  it  is  7  miles  to  the  paflage  leading 
to  Ponchartrain.  The  length  of  this  paf- 
fage  is  7  miles,  and  only  300  yards  in 
width,  which  is  divided  into  two  branch- 
es by  an  ifland  that  extends  from  Mau- 
repas to  about  the  diftance  of  a  mile  from 
Ponchartrain.  The  fouth  channel  is  the 
dcepeft  and  (horteft.  The  paflage  thence 
through  Lake  Ponchartrain,  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  abpve  50  miles.  Huicbim. 

Maurtpai  IJUnd,  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton,  the  fame  at  the  Jfie  Madame; 
which  fee. 

Mairiie  Bay,  on  the  W  fide  of  Cape 
Farewell  Ifland,orS  extremity  of  E  Green- 
land, and  the  principal  harbour  of  that 
fea. 

Maurice,  Fort,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Terr^ 
del  Fucgo  Ifland,  is  on  the  W  fiiore  of  Le 
Maire  Straits,  between  that  ifland  and 
Staten  Land  on  the  £  and  N  of  the  bay 
of  Good  Succefs.  It  is  a  fmall  cove,  hav- 
ing anchorage  before  it  in  i^  fathoms, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  uore,  over 
coral  rpckf. 

Mo"rifi^ 


MmutU 

*hich  ru 

land  CO.  t 

sable  for 

for  fmail  ( 

Maxam 

Matanehi 

ud  on  th 

Af«r,  C 

land  of  th 

point  of  tJ 

and  river, 

The  time 

days,  if  a  t, 

May  P,i 

land  Ifland 
tween  Fort 
Mayagtia 
in  the  U 
Maranella, 
point,  and  I 
Mayfidd, 
CO.  N.  Yoric 
NW,  taken 
corporated  i 
May\  Lit 
fait  fpring  0 
9  miles  S  S 
itouth  bank  < 
of  the  Blue  \ 
Maynof,  i 
faftern  Ijmii 
in  Peru,  an 
governments 
^amoros.  Ii 
9f  thofe  rivi 
▼■ft  extent, 
t^e  famous  i 
fepar^ted  fn 
tJJguefe,  bir  1 

S"  »n,  or  the 
longing  to 
^capital  is  Sai 
idenee  of  the 
rcGdes  ajt  San 
are  feveral  01 
Maynas,  anc 
JarJy  la  on  1 
Ihe  Maranon 
are  both  larg 
Mayt  Rhit 
Culf  pf  Calil 
Kfcay,  in  th 
forms  a  fpaci 
.«7  40  N  and 
^'XfoilU, 
t»cky,484m 
-'•^•vw,  the 
9f  Cuba,  ape 


7 
I 


MAY 

Mmitut,  or  Mtrrh,  a  river  of  N.  Jerrey,  || 
which  runt  fuutherly,  through  Cumber- 
land  CO.  into  Delawafc  Bay.     It  is  navi- 
gable for  veiTcU  of  loo  ton*  so  milet,  and 
for  fmall  craft  confiderably  further. 

Maxantalla  IJUitd,  ii  near  the  pert  of 
Matanchcl  on  the  W  coaft  of  M.  Mexico, 
•ad  on  the  N  Pacific  Ocean. 

itf«y,  C»p*^  the  moQ  foutherly  point  of 
land  of  the  State  of  N.  Jerfey,  and  the  N 
point  of  the  entrance  into  Delaware  Bay 
and  river,  in  iat.  39,  and  long.  74  56  W. 
The  time  of  high  water  on  fpring-tide 
day»,  i»  a  quarter  before  nine  o'clock. 

Mqy  Ctimty,  Cafe.    See  Caft. 

May  Fthi,  on  the  S  |de  of  Newfound, 
land  Ifland,  a  point  of  the  peninfula  be- 
tween  Fortune  and  PUcentia  Bayt. 

Mayaguana,  one  of  the  Bahama  ifland* 
in  the  W.  Indict,  and  the  fame  with 
Maranella,  and  in  Iat.  l»  5f  N  at  the  N 
point,  an.d  long.  7»  J7  W. 

May&tld,  a  tovnHiip  in  Montgomery 

CO.  N,  York,  adjoining  Broadabin  on  the 

'  N  W,  taken  from  Caughnawaga,  and  in> 

cprporated  in  1793.  It  hat  876  inhabitants 

May  I  Lift,  in  Mafon  co.  Kentucky,  a 
fait  fpring  on  a  branch  of  Licking  river, 
9  milet  S  S  W  of  Wafhington,  on  the  i 
^outh  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and  15  northerly 
of  the  Blue  JLicka. 

Mayna^f  a  government,  formerly  the 
^altern  limit  of  the  jurifdiAion  of  il^ito 
ip  Peru,  and  joining  on  the  £  to'  the 
governmentt  of  Quizot  and  Jaen  de  Bra- 
eamoroi.  In  itt  territory  are  the  fourcet 
nf  thofe  rivert,  which,  after  traverfing  a 
vaft  extent,  form,  by  their  confluence, 
t^e  famous  river  of  the  Amasons.  It  it 
fcpar^ted  from  the  pofliefBont  of  the  Por- 
tuguefe,  by  the  famoui  line  of  demarca- 
tion, or  the  boundary  of  thofe  countriet 
belonging  to  Spain  and  Portugal.  Its 
^apital  it  San  Francifco  dc  Borja,  the  rcf> 
idence  of  the  goviernur,  but  the  Superior 
reOdes  at  Santiago  de  la  Laguna.  There 
are  feveral  milFipas  in  the  government  of 
Maynas,  and  dioccft  of  (^ito,  particu- 
larly II  on  the  river  Napo,  and  14  on 
the  Maranon  or  Amazon ;  many  pf  them 
are  both  large  and  populout. 

Mayo  River,  on  the  call  fhore  of  the 
/Gulf  pf  California,  and  W  cpad  of  New 
Bifcay,  in  the  province  of  that  name, 
fqrmt  a  fpacious  bay  at  itt  mouth,  in  Iat. 
27  40  N  and  long.  114  W. 

Mayfuilie,  a  pod  town,  Mafon  co.  Ken- 
tucky, 484  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Maysii,  the  eafiern  cape  of  the  ifland 
<^  Cubai  apd  the  wcAerp  point  of  the 


M  E   C 

wInJward  paflage.     N  Iat.  to  19  30,  V 
long,  from  Parit  76  40  30.   See  M0ify. 

ManaUan,  a  province  of  Mexico,  welt 
watered  by  the  Alvarado,  which  dif- 
charges  itfelf  by  3  navigable  mouths,  at 
30  mile*  di(tance  from  Vera  Cruz. 

Meai/0wi,  a  fmall  river  whici)  falls  into 
Cafco  Bay,  Maine. 

Meail/ville,  on  a  fork  of  French  Creek  { 
a  branch  nf  the  Alleghany,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Crawford  co.  N  Iat.  41  36,  and 
about  33  miles  N  W  of  Fort  Franklin,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  creek.  A  pod  ofHce  is 
cAabliflied  in  this  town,  347  miles  from 
WaHiington.     It  h»%  1551  inhiibitants. 

MecatiHa,  Great,  Point  e/,  on  the  S 
coad  of  Lab -ador,  and  the  N  Hiore  of 
the  Oulf  of  Si  Lawrence,  in  N.  AmericXt 
N  Iat.  jO  4J,W  ;cng.  J9  13. 

Mtcalina  IJtanJ,  Lillle,  on  the  fame 
coalt  and  fliore,  lies  S  W  of  Great  Mecat- 
ina.    N.  Iat.  30  36. 

M'tboafan,  a  province  in  the  audience 
of  Mexico,  bounded  N  by  pirt  of  Pa- 
nuco  and  the  provinces  of  Zacatecat 
Oaiidalajara,  E  by  another  part  of  Pa- 
nuco  and  Mc:(ico  Proper,  S  by  the 
latter  and  the  S.  Sea,  which  togeth- 
er vfixh  XalifcQ,  bound  it  aifo  on  the 
W  and  N  W.  It  extends  7  0  leagues  along 
the  coaft,  and  (lilt  farther  inland.  The 
climate  is  good,  and  the  foil  remarkably 
fruitful.  There  are  heie  mines  of  lilver, 
and  4  fev  of  gold  and  copper.  Among 
its  numerous  produdlions  are  cocoa,  me- 
choacan-root,  feveral  odoriferous  gums 
and  balfams,  farfaparilla,  ambergris,  va« 
nilla,  caflTia,  &c.  Mechoacan  was  former« 
ly  a  kingdom,  but  the  Spaniards  have  re- 
duced it  to  a  bifhoprick,  in  which  are 
about  200  towns  of  civilized  natives. 
The  greateft  part  of  the  trade  of  this 
province  is  carried  on  by  land,  there  be- 
ing hardly  any  fea- ports  dcferving  that 
name. 

Mecbeaeam,  an  Epifcopal  city  and  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  its  name,  fituatcd 
on  a  large  river,  well  ftored  with  flfli, 
near  the  W  fide  of  a  lake,  about  t2o 
miles  W  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  large  place, 
having  a  fine  cathedral  and  handfome 
houfcs  belonging  to  rich  Spaniards,  ;wha 
own  the  filvcr  iniues  at  Guanaxoato  or 
Guaxafiata. 

Mecileiiturg,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  S  by  the  State  pf  N.  Carolina, 
It  contains  8,33a  free  inhabitants,  and 
8,676  Haves. 

MiciUnburg,  in  the  above  co.  has  a  poft 
oflice,  246  miles  from  Walliington. 

Miiiienlufgt 


r*  { 


MED 

MetUtnhurg,  a  CO.  of  N  Carolina,  in 
Sdlifbury  di(lri(fl,  bounded  S  by  the  State 
of  S  Carolina.  It  contains  10,317  inhab- 
itants, of  wliom  1,931  are  flavc».  Chief 
town,  Charlotte. 

Medfeld,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk  co. 
MalVachufcttt,  20  miles  routhwederly  of 
^>fton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1650,  and 
Domains  745  inhabitants. 

Meiifotd,  a  pleafant,  thriving,  compaA 
tbwn  in  Middlefcx  co.  MafTachufett;,  4 
miles  north  of  Bodon,  fituated  on  Myf- 
tick  river,  3  miles  fiom  its  mouth.  The 
river  is  navigable  for  fmall  veiTels  to  this 
place,  where  it  meets  the  Middlefex  ca- 
nal. The  townfliip  tvas  incorporated  in 
1630,  and  contains  1,114  inhabitants, 
who  are  noted  for  their  induftry.  Here 
IS  a  pod  oiBce.  Alfo  four  diftilleiies, 
i»faich  have  diflilled  in  one  year,  952450 
gallons  of  rum.  About  four  millions 
of  bricks,  are  alfo  made  annually  in 
this  town,  the  greater  part  of  which 
are  carted  to  Bofton. 

Mrdoffu,  a  fettlement  in  N.  Brunfwick, 
fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  St,  John's  river, 
35  miles  above  St.  Annet. 

Mtdore/la,  a  lake  in  the  N  part  of 
Maine,  whofe  northern  point  it  within  8 
miies  of  the  Canada  tine,  in  lat.  47  56  and 
long.  68  22  W.  It  gives  rife  to  Spcv  river, 
which  runs  S  S  E  into  St.  John's  river. 

MtJuneooi,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine, 40  miles  £  S  Eof  Wifcaflet,  hav- 
ing 380  inhabitants. 

Aftdvay,  a  poft  town  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  bounded  E  !.nd  S  by 
Charles  river,  which  feparatcs  it  from 
Medfield,  and  of  which  it  was  a  part  un- 
til 17^3.  It  has  two  parifhcs  of  Congre- 
gationalifls,  and  contains  1050  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  25  miles  S  W  of  Bodcn,  on 
the  middle  poft-road  from  thence  to 
Hartford. 

Midivay,  or  Midtvay,  a  fettlement  in 
Liberty  co.  Georgia,  formed  by  emigrants 
from  Dorchefter,  in  Carolina,  about 
the  year  1750,  and  whofe  anceftors  mi- 
grated from  Dorchefler  and  the  vjcinity 
of  Bofton  about  the  year  1700.  A  hand- 
fomc  Congregational  meeting-houfc,  be- 
longingto  this  fettlement,  wasburut  by  the 
Britifh  during  the  war,  and  the  fettle- 
ment was  dcftroyed.  It  has  lince  recov- 
ered its  former  importance.  Medway  is 
30  miles  fuuth  of  SavaDhah,and  9  weft 
of  Sunbury. 

M'Kcfftiiiwtgt  a  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
York  county,  on  Tom's  Creek,  40  miles 
WSWofYork. 


MEN 

MilertiH,  a  principal  branch  of  Chow- 
an river,  in  N.  Carolina,  which  rifes  iti 
Charlotte  co.  Virginia,  and  running 
an  E  by  S  courfe,  unites  with  the  Not* 
taway  about  7  miles  S  of  the  Virginifc 
line.     See  Cbav/au  Jiivtr. 

Milaqu*  Part,  on  tVie  W  coaft  of  New- 
Mexico,  is  to  the  N  W  of  Port  Nativi- 
dad,  or  Nativity,  and  near  3  leagues  at 
S  ^  from  a  row  of  4  or  5  rocks,  or  naked 
iflands  above  xvater,  in  the  dire<£tion  of 
N  W.  I'his  port  is  land-locked  againft 
all  winds  from  the  N  W  to  the  S  W. 

Mtla,  or  Mala,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru  ia 
S.  America,  lies  between  Canetce  and 
Chiica.  It  is  3  leagues  from  Afia  Ifland, 
whofe  latitude  is  about  13  6  S.  / 

Melaiv0jko,  a  French  fettlement  of 
about  70  families,  fecluded  in  a  fingular 
manner  from  the  reft  of  mankind,  in  the 
north^eafternpart  of  the  Diftridt  of  Maine. 
I'hefe  people  are  Roman  Catholics,  and 
are  induftrious,  humane,  and  hofpitablc. 

Melttttunk  Xiver,  in  Monmouth  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  falls  eaftward  into  Beaver 
Dam,  which  is  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
which  is  N  of  Cranberry  New  Inlet. 

MemortHctt,  a  ftream  a  little  weft  of 
Byram  river.  Douglafs  fays,  the  partition 
line  between  N.  York  and  Connedlicur, 
as  fettled  Dec.  i,  1664,  ran  from  the 
mouth  of  this  river  N  N  W,  and  was  the 
ancient  limits  of  N.  York,  until  Nov.  23, 
1683,  when  the  line  was  tun  nearly  the 
fame  as  it  is  now  fettled. 

Memory  Rocks,  amongft  the  Bahama 
Iflands,  are  in  lat.  27  20  N  and  long.  79 
40  W. 

Mempbrimagog,  a  lake  chiefly  in  the 
province  of  Canada,  40  miles  in  length 
from  N  to  S  and  2  or  3  wide  from  E  to 
W.  The  N  line  of  Vermont  State  pafTes 
over  the  S  part  of  the  lake  in  45  N  lat. 
Memphremagog,  which  has  communica- 
tion, by  the  river  St.  FrancU,  with  St. 
Lawrence  river,  is  the  refervoir  of  3  con- 
fiderable  ftreams,  viz.  Black,  Barton,  and 
Clyde  rivers,  which  rife  in  Vermont. 
The  foil  on  its  banks  is  rich,  and  the  coun- 
try round  it  it  level.     See  fermont,  &c. 

Memtamcooi,  River  hat  been  recommen- 
ded as  the  mofi  proper  boundary  between 
the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick  and  Nova- 
Scotia.  It  lies  a  little  to  the  eaftward  of 
Petitcodiak,  and  takes  a  northeaftetly  di- 
redtion. 

Mmadtu  Bay,  or  PaHmdou,  it  2  leagues 
from  Port  Bafene,  or  Port  Nove,  on  Ihe 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  at  the  S  part 
of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  having  the 

ifland 


M 


* 


MEN 

i(tand  of  SciUrif  heretofore  called  Little 
Cape  Breton,  oppcfitc  to  -it. 

MeMlbtmt  a  townfliip  19  Morris  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  3  miles  north wefterly  of 
Vealtown,  and  6  W  ofMoriiflown. 

Mtttdoeine,  Ct^^  fituated  on  the  wcftem 
coaft  of  Ainericai  in  lat.  40  19  N,  long. 
134.7  W,  is  formed  by  two  promontories 
•bout  ten  miles  apart.  Nearly  a  league 
from  the  fltore,  lie  fereral  funken  rocks, 
on  which  the  fea  continually  beats  with 
great  viplencCi  This  cape  is  remarkable 
only  for  its  being  the  htgheft  land  on  the 
fliore  of  this  partof  N.Albion.    Kaite»uver. 

MendoH,  a  pod-town  in  Worceftcr  co> 
Maflachuretts,  37  miles  S  W  of  Bodon. 
This  township,  called  S^an/Upaugt  by 
the  Indians,  was  incorporated  in  1667^ 
and  contains  »  Congregational  pariOies, 
a  fociety  of  Friends,  and  i,6»8  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  bounded  on  the  S  by  the 
State  of  Rhode-Ifland;  watered  by  the 
Charles  and  Mill  rivers,  and  other  fmall 
ftreams,  which  ferve  5  grift-millst  a  faw- 
mills,  a  clothier's  works,  and  a  forge- 
There  are  3  hills  here,  viz.  Caleb's,  Wig- 
wam, and  Mi0cee,  from  cither  of  which 
maybe  feen,  in  a  clear  day,  the  four 
New  England  States. 

MenJoxa,  a  jurifditflion  in  Chili,  in  S. 
America.  It  has  a  town  of  the  fame 
name,  and  lies  on  the  call  fide  of  the  Cor- 
dillera, about  jd  leagues  from  Santiago, 
in  a  plain  adorned  with  gardens,  well 
fupplicd  with  water  by  means  of  canals.^ 
The  town  contains  about  xoo  families, 
half  Spaniards  and  the  other  half  cafU, 
together  with  a  college  founded  by  the 
Jefuits,  a  parochial  church,  and  3  con- 
vents. In  the  jurifdidtion  are  alfo  the 
towns  of  St.  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  on  the 
E  of  the  Cordillera,  and  about  30  leagues 
N  of  Mcndoza ;  and  St.  I<ouis  de  l^oyo- 
la,  about  50  E  of  Mendoza ;  the  latter 
is  very  fmall,  but  has  a  pariih  church,  a 
Dominican  convent,  and  a  college  found- 
ed by  the  Jefuits. 

Mtndoxa,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes  in  S.  America. 
Over  this  river  is  a  natural  bridge  of 
rocks,  from  the  vaults  of  which  hang  fev- 
eral  pieces  of  Aone  refembling  fait,  which 
congeal  like  ificles,  as  the  water  drops 
from  the  rock.  This  bridge  is  broad 
enough  for  j  or  4  carts  to  pafs  abreaft. 
Nesr  this  is  another  bridge,  called  the 
bridge  of  the  Incus,  betwixt  two  rocks ; 
and  "fo  very  high  from  the  river,  that 
the  dream,  which  runs  with  great  rapid- 
ity, cannot  be  heard." 


M  E  R 

McHuhlici  Lake,  in  the  N  W  coaft  dt 
America,  lies  in  lat.  61  N  long.  loj  W. 
North  of  this  is  Lake  Dobount. 

MenMagomilab,  a  Moravian  fettlemcnl 
E  of  the  Great  Swamp,  at  the  head  ol 
Lehigh  river  in  Pennfylvania,  about  3'3 
miles  N  W  by  N  of  Bethlehem. 

MeiuleptHfTi  wealthy  and  pleafantfarm- 
ing  fettlement,  in  Monmouth  co.  N.  Jer« 
fey ;  making  a  part  of  a  rich  glade  of 
land,  extending  from  the  fea,  wtdward  to 
Delaware  river.  It  is  x8  miles  S  £  of 
Princeton. 

Mtrajhicn  Ifland^m  Placentia  Bay,  New- 
foundland Ifland. 

Meretr,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Crawford,  E  by  Venango,  S  E  by 
Butler,  S  by  Beaver,  and  W  by  Ohia 
State.  It  is  about  40  miles  long,  and  if 
broad,  containing  about  641,000  acresi 
The  principal  creeks  are  Nefhanoek, 
Shenango,  and  Pymatuning.  The  inhab- 
itants are  3,%ao. 

Mercer,  a  CO.  cf  Kentucky,  adjoiniof 
Woodford,  Shelby,  and  Madifon  coun- 
ties. It  contains  9,34a  inhabitants,  of 
whom  3,169  are  flaves.  Harrodfburg  i« 
the  chief  town. 

Merterjhorwgh,  a  village  of  Peiinfylva'^^ 
nia,  S  £  of  North  Mountain,  and  about 
13  miles  S  W  of  Chamberfburg, 

Mercer't  Cteei,  in  the  N  £  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  a 
pretty  deep  inlet  of  the  coad,  the  entrance 
to  which  is  between  the  iflands  of  Cod- 
rington.  Crumps,  or  Pelican. 

Merebant'i  Careening  Phte,  within  the 
harbour  of  Port  Royal  in  Jamaica,  on  the 
N  tide  of  the  long  peninfula.  /Mong  this 
narrow  flip  of  beach  is  the  only  way  to 
pafs  by  land  to  Port  Royal,  for  9  or  10 
miles,  the  careening  place  being  almod  at 
midway,  but  fomewhat  nearer  to  the  £ 
end  of  the  peninfula. 

Mercy,  Cape  of  Gad's,  the  mod  foiitherly 
point  of  Cumberland's  Ifland.ontbeN  tide 
of  Cumberland's  Straits,  in  lat.  about  66 
N  and  has  Cape  Walflngham  on  its  N  £, 
and  Exeter  Sound  on  its  north. 

Meredith^  Cape,  among  the  Falkland 
Iflands  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  is  !•• 
twecn  Port  Stephen's  and  Cape  Orford, 

Meridilb,  a  townfhip  in  Strafford  co,, 
N.  Hampihire,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Lakc^ 
Winipifeogee,  15  milts  N  of  Gilmantownj 
9  8  E  of  Plymouth,  and  70  N  Wof  Portf-' 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  l^(>%i. 
It  was  fird  called  New  Salem. 

Mcrida,  the  capital  of  Yucatan,  in  the> 
audience  of  Mexico.     It  lies  neat  the  N. 

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u  E  a 

fide  of  the  province,  between  the  gulft  of 
Mexico  and  Hondnr^t ;  45  miles  S  of  the 
Ocean,  and  135  N  £  of  the  city  of  Cam- 
peachy.    N  iat.  »i  38,  W  long.  90  3d. 

Mirida,  a  town  of  New  Granada,  in  S. 
America,  fituated  near  the  limits  which 
divided  the  province  front  Venexula. 
The  foil  round  this  place  alronnds  with 
fruit  of  alt  forts,  and  there  are  gold  mines 
near  it',  k  it  about  54  miles  from  Lake 
MitataybO',  iiOf  N  £  of  Pampeluna^  and 
»6o  N  E  of  St.  Fe.  The  inhabitants 
fend  their  fruit  and  merchandize  toTrui- 
Hlo.    N  ht.  8  30,  W  long.  71. 

Mereditb,  a  pod  town,  Delaware  ro.  N. 
York,  456  miles  N  E  from  Wafliiagton, 
25  miles  S  of  Coopcrflown. 

Mtrim,  a  large  take  in  Paragikay  in  S. 
America,  very  near  the  coafl;  of  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  where  the  land  is  very 
^at.  Fort  St.  Miguel  ftands  at  the  S  end, 
and  Fort  Mangaveira,  at  its  northeaftem 
extremity.  There  is  a  very  narrow  lake, 
parallel  to  Lake  Merim  between  it  and 
the  ocean,  and  neatly  :tr long.  The  forts 
command  the  extr-emiries  of  thepeuinfula. 

Merini^,  Ot  Maramtg,  a  Urge  river  of 
LouiCana,  which  empties  into  the  Miffi- 
fippi,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Miflburi, 
and  50  miles  above  the  fettlement  of 
Gcnivieve.  Fine  meadows  lie  between: 
this  and  the  Miflburi. 

Meriom,  Upptr  and  Lvu»t*,  a  totvnfhips 
in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfylvania,  the  firft 
hat  993,  the  lattev  \a%%  inhabitants. 

Mtro  DiflriHt  in  TennciTee,  on  the 
banks  of  Cumberland  river ;  To  called  as 
an  cxprcfllon  of  gratitude  to  Governor 
Mero  of  W  Florida  for  fome  kind  offices 
he  rendered  the  fettlement.  It  compre- 
hends- 7  counties,  and  contains  32,178 
inhabitants,  including  8074  Ikvcs.  By 
the  State  cenfus  of  1795  there  were 
>4i390  inhabitants,  of  which  number 
3466  were  flaves. 

Mtro  Feint,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean  and 
coaft  of  Peru,  between  Cape  Blanco  to 
the  S  W  and  Tumbez  river  to  the  N£, 
on  the  S  £  Qde  of  Guayaquil  Bay,  in  Iat. 
3  40  S.  The  eoaft  at  the  point  of  Mero 
ii  f  ;w  and  flat,  but  the  country  within  is 
high  and  mountainous. 

Mtrrimack  Rivtr,  ha«  its  courfe  fouth- 
crly  through  the  State  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
till  it  enters  Maflachufctts ;  it  then  turns 
eafterly,  and  paHe*  into  the  ocean  at  Ne  w- 
bury-Port.  This  river  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  PemigewaHet  and  Wiiiiu- 
pifeogec  rivers,  in  about  iat.  43  s6,  and  ii 
tu 'igable  for  xtStU  of  burd«o  about  20 


miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  is  obftru^< 
ed  by  the  firft  falls,  or  rapids,  ealleif 
Mttchell's  Eddy,  between  Bradford  and 
Haverhill.  Vafl;  quantities  of  fliip-tim> 
her,  asKt  Tariout  kinds  of  lumber  are 
broi^ght  down  in  rafts,  a  great  part  of 
which  will  find  its  way  to  Boflon,  through 
the  Middlcfcx  Canal,  which  is  now  near- 
ly completed.  Se«  UtiddUfi*  Canal,  fa 
the  fpriag  and  Aimmer,  cAhfiderable 
quantities  of  faliAon',  fhad  and  alewivet' 
are  caught,'  which  are  either  ufed  as  bait 
in  the  cod-fiihery,  or  pickled»>  and  (hip- 
ped to'  the  Weft-Indies.  As  many  as  6' 
or  7  bridges  have  been  thrown  over  this 
fine  river  at  difi&rent  diltances;  from  New- 
Concord  dowuili'ards ;  the  mod  elegant 
and  cxpenllve  are  the  one  two  miles' 
above  Newbury-Port,  and  the  one  at 
Haverhill.  The  bar  acrofs  the  mouth  of 
this  river  is  a  very  great  impcdiitient  to' 
navigation,  and  ts  efpecially  terrible  to 
flrangers.  Thiere  ar^  16  feet  of  water 
upon  it  at  cominon  tides.  There  are  two 
light-houCts  of  wood,Temovable  at  pleaf- 
tire,  according  to  the  fhifting  oi'  the  bar. 
The  light  now  bears  E  \  Nand  W  \  $. 
Bringing  both  th»  light-houfcs  to  bear 
into  one,  until  you  aTe  abi'eaft  of  the 
lower  one,  llrill  bring  you  in  over  the 
bar  ill  the  decpeft  water ;  where  is  a  bold 
fliore  and  good  anchoring  groundi  The 
N  point  of  Plum-Ifland  whi<ih  forms  the 
S  fldt  of  the  entrance  into  the  river,  lies 
in  Iat.  42  47  40. 

Merrimack^'Z  townflitp  in  Hill(borough> 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  W  bank  of 
Merrimack  river,  8  or  10  miles  S£of 
Amherft.    It  has  926  inhabitants; 

Merrimicbi  River,  M\t  into  the  head  of 
a  bay  of  that  name  On  the  N  £  coaft  of 
the  province  of  Ni  Brunfwick.  A  little 
above  its  confluence  with  the  bay,  it  di- 
vides it  into  two  branches,  and  runs 
through  a  fertile  tradt  of  choice  interval 
Und ;  and  the  land  is,  in  general,  well 
cloathcd  with  timber  of  all  kinds.  From' 
this  river  there  is  a:  communication  with 
St.  John's^  partly  by  laud.-  but  principally 
by  water  carriage  in  cano's.  The  fal- 
mon  fifliery  is  carried  on  v/ith  fuccefo> 
and  the  cod-fifliery  is  improving  near  tlie 
entrance  of  the  bay. 

Mcrtyceiicag.     See  HttrpfweU. 

Mrrry-Meeting  Bay,  in  Strafford  CO.  N. 
Hanip(l)irc,  is  the  fouth-eafternmoft  arm 
of  Lake  Winnipifeogce.  Mount  Major 
flancls  on  its  weft  fide. 

MenyMetting  Bay,\tiL  Maine,  is  formed 
by  the  jun<!;'Uon  ut    Audrofcoggin  and 

Kcnnebeck 


MEW 

ftenneliecic  rireri,  oppofite  to  the  town 
of  Woolwich,  20  miles  from  the  fea. 
Formerly,  from  thl«  bay  to  the  fea,  the 
confluent  (tream  #M  called  Sagadahock. 
The  lands  here  are  good.  Stevert^s  rirer 
heads  within  a  mile  of  the  bay,  sknd  a  ca- 
nal has  lately  been  opened  which  unites 
thcfe  waters.  There  is  a  bridge  over  An- 
drofcoggin  river,  at  its  Icntrance  int<^  the 
bay,  connedking  the  l«wns  of  Brunfwick 
and  Topfham  ;  the  farmer  on  its  fouth- 
crn  fide,  the  latter  on  its  northern  fide. 

Merfea  townfliip,  in  the  co.  of  ElTez,  in 
Upper  Canada,  Ii«s  on  lake  Erie  weft  of 
Romney. 

Merteqaty  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Honduras  in  N.  Spain*  which  produces 
the  cochineal 

Mef<iy  La^  the  routhernmoft  of  4  ifles 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  to  each  other, 
and  E  of  the  Sandwich  Ifles.  N  lat.  19, 
W  long,  €37  30- 

Meffa/bru.  .r  Mijfafagst,  a  tribe  of  In- 
dians, in!:  lb!'.,  ^;>n  a  river  of  this  name, 
which  empi'  '•  :  N  W  part  of  Lake 
Huron.  A  a  .'•  ago,  this  tribe  aum- 
Irered  500  w,u.iorst  now  but  80. 

McJIerftut^,  a  poft  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Pennlylvania,  16  miles  S  Wof  Clumberf- 
twrg,  168  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia,  and 
S6  N  from  Wafliington. 

MtJJMaHttt  or  Mafde  Baft  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  America,  is  8  leagues 
N  by  £  of  Morrenas  bay,  and  5  S  by  W 
of  Atacama.  It  ic  properly  within  the 
bay  of  Atacama,  and  is  fo  deep  on  the  S 
fide  that  there  is  no  foundings ;  hut  at  the 
entrance  or  anchoring-piace  it  is  moder* 
atr,  and  Oiips  may  ride  in  15  fathomg,clean 
ground,  and  fecured  from  mod  winds. 

MeJIre  Say,  Little,  on  the  N  E  part  of 
Iffewfoundlaad  Ifland,  fouthward  of  St. 
Jalian,  and  N  by  W  of  the  iflands  Gros 
and  Belle. 

Jlfir/aw(7aMii(«ir|f,a  largenortherly  branch 
of  Penobfcot  river,  about  25  miles  above 
the  Paikataques,  and  30  above  Pafadun- 
keag.  About  15  miles  from  its  conflii* 
(Bce  with  Penobfcot  it  receives  its  N  and 
6  branches,  each  of  which  eatend  more 
than  20  mile*. 

Mtttbigamiat,  a  long  narrow  lake,  or 

I  rather  dilatation  of  the  northernbranch  of 

(>!<  river  St.  Francis,  in  Louifiana,  which 

falls  into  the  Miflifippi  from  the  N  W 

atwut  4  miles  above  Kappas  Old  Fort. 

I     Mtthuen,  a  town  in  Eflea  co.  Maifachu- 

|frtt«,OB  the  N  bank  of  Merrimack  river, 

Ibttween  Dracut  and  Haverhill.    It  con- 

[taim  %  pariActaod  iflSi  inhabitant*. 

Vm.  I.  S  • 


M  E  X 

Jl^-w  t/iands,  on  the  coafl  of  the  Spafl> 
i<h  Main  in  the  W.  Indies,  between  Cap« 
Cameron,  and  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  li* 
acrofs  the  etitrance  into  the  bay  of  Coo 
tt-oe,  or  Crotoe.  They  are  furrounded 
with  rocks,  and  are  very  dangerous,  ef- 
pecially  in  cafe  of  hard  gufts  from  the  N 
and  N  E. 

Mexitano  Miver,  or  Adajet,  in  Louifiana, 
has  a  S  E  courfe  and  empties  into  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  at  Cabo  d>i  Nord;  \f  by 
S  of  Afcenfion  bay,  and  E  by  N  of  the 
mouth  of  Trinity  river.  On  its  banks  arc 
faid  to  be  rich  filver  mines  t  Fort  Adayes 
fiands  on  its  north-eaftern  fide,  ao  miles 
from  Natchitoches,  in  about  latt.  30  3 1 1^. 

Mexico,  a  town  in  Oneida  co.  N.  York, 
on  the  road  between  Oneida  lake,  and 
Ofwego,  about  20  miles  from  each.  The 
townfliip  is  extenfive,  embracing  a  num* 
ber  of  towns. 

Mcxito,  or  iViw  Spah,  bounded  N  by- 
unknown  t-e;;ions,  £  by  Lo«ifiana  and 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  foutn  bv  the  Ifihmus 
of  barien,  which  feparates  it  from  Terra 
Firma  in  S.  America,  W  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Its  length  is  about  z,foo  miles, 
its  breadth  i6ou{  fituated  between  lat.  9 
and  40  )l  and  between  long.  83  8  and 
I2J  8  W.  This  vaft  country  is  divided' 
into  OIJ  Mexico,  which  contains  the  audi- 
ences of  Galicia,  Mexico,  and  Gautima- 
la,  which  are  fuhdivided  into  2Z  prov- 
inces  ;  New  Maxice,  divided  into  two 
audiences,  Apacheira  and  Sonora ;  and 
California,  on  the  W  a  peninfula.  The 
land  is  in  great  part  abrupt  and  moun- 
tainous,  covered  with  thick  woods,  and 
watered  with  large  rivers.  Some  of 
thefe  run  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexrco,  and 
others  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Among 
the  firft  are  thofe  of  Alvarado,  Coatzacu- 
alco,  and  Tabafco.  Among  the  latter  is 
the  river  Guadalaxara  or  Great  river. 
There  are  feveral  lakes  which  do  not  left 
embellini  the  country  than  give  conveni- 
ence to  the  commerce  of  the  people. 
The  lakes  of  Nicaragua,  Chapallan,  and 
Pazaquaro,  are  among  the  largeft.  The 
lakes  Tetzuco  and  Chaico  occupy  a  great 
part  of  the  vale  of  Mexico,  which  is  tlie 
fined  tracfb  of  country  in  New  Spain. 
The  waters  of  Chaico  are  fweet,  thofe  of 
Tetzuco  are  brackiHi.  A  canal  unite* 
them.  The  lower  lake,  (Tetauco)  was 
formerly  as  much  as  20  miles  long  and 
17  broad,  and  lying  at  the  bottom  of  the 
vale,  is  the  refervoir  of  aH-ehe  waters 
from  thr  fur  rounding  mountajtiA.  The  city 
of  Msxice  ftaad*  oa  aa  iHafltl  ift  this  lake. 
^  '.  to 


B      fl 


\ 


MEX 

In  thiscountry  are  interfpcrfcd  many 
fountains  of  different  qualities.  There 
are  an  infinity  of  nitrous,Tulpl)urcous,  vit- 
riolic, and  allumtnous  mineral  waters, 
feme  of  which  fpring  out  fo  hot,  that  in 
a  fliort  time  any  kind  of  fruit  or  animal 
food  ii  boiled  in  them.    There  are  alfo 

{•etrifying  waters,  with  which  they  make 
ittle  white  fmooth  (tones,  not  difplealing 
to  the  tafte ;  fcrapings  from  which  taken 
in  broth,  or  in  gruel  made  of  Indian  corn, 
are  mod  powerful  diaphoretics,  and  are 
ufed  with  remarkable  fuccefs  in  various 
kinds  of  fevers. 

The  climate  of  this  extenfive  country 
■  h  various.  The  maritime  parts  are  hot, 
and  for  the  mod  part  moid  and  unheal- 
thy. Lands,  which  are  very  high,  or 
very  near  to  high  mountains,  which  are 
perpetually  covered  with  fnow,  are  cold. 

The  mountains  of  Mexico  abound  in 
ores  of  every  kind  of  metal,  and  a  great 
■variety  of  foifils.  Tliere  are  entire  moun- 
tains of  loadftone,  and  among,  others,  one 
very  confiderahle  between  Tcoiltylan  and 
Chilapan,in  the  country  of  the  Gobuixcas.. 

However  plentiful  and  rich  the  mine- 
ral kingdom  of  Mexico  may  be,  the  veg- 
etable kingdom  is  Hill  more  various  and 
abundant.  Dr.  Hernandez,  defcrihes  in 
liis  natural  hidory,  about  i,300  medicin- 
al plants,  natives  of  that  country.  The 
fruits  of  Mexico  arc,  pine-apples,  plums, 
dates,  water-melcns,  apples,  peaches, 
quinces,  apricots,  pears,  pomegranates, 
iigs,  black-cherries,  walnuts,  almonds,  ol- 
ives, chefnuts,  and  grapes.  The  cocoa- 
nut,  vanilla,  chia,  g.^eat-pepper,  tomati, 
the  pepper  of  Tabafco,  and  cotton,  are 
very  common  with  the  Mexicans.  Wheat, 
barley ,peas,bean6  and  rice  have  been  fuc- 
ccfsfully  cultivated  in  this  country.  Witli 
xefpedt  to  plants  which  yield  profitable 
refins,  gums,  oils  or  juices,  the  country 
of  Mexico  is  Angularly  fertile.  Of  quad- 
rupeds there  have  been  tranfported  into 
this  country,  horfes,  aflcs,  bulls,  flieep, 
goats, hogs,  dogs  and  cats,  which  have  all 
multiplied.  Of  the  ancient  quadrupeds, 
by  which  is  meant  thofe  that  from  time 
immemorial  have  been  in  that  country, 
fome  are  common  to  both  the  continents 
of  Europe  and  America,  fome  peculiar  to 
the  new  world,  others  natives  only  of  the 
kingdom  of  Mexico.  The  ancient  quad- 
rupeds common  to  Mexico  and  the  old 
continents,  are  lions,  tigers,  wildcats, 
bears,  wolves,  foxcs,  the  comniou  flags 
and  white  flags,  bucks,  wild-goats,  bad- 
gers, pole-cats,  weules,  martin*,  fquirrels, 


ME  X 

rabbits,  hares,  otters  and  rats.  Theio 
prodigious  number  of  birds,  their  variety,, 
and  many  valuable  qualities,  have  occa- 
fioned  fome  authors  to  obferve,  that,  as 
Africa  is  the  country  of  beads,  fo  Mexico 
is  the  country  of  birds.  It  is  faid  there 
are  vtoo  fpecies  peculiar  to  that  kingdom. 
The  civil  government  of  Mexico,  is 
adminidered  by  tribunals  called  audien- 
ces. In  thefc  courts,  the  viceroy  of  the 
king  of  Spain  ptefides.  His  employment 
in  the  greated  trud  and  power  his  Cath- 
olic Majedy  has  at  his  difpofal,  and  is 
perhaps  the  riched  government  entrudcd 
to  any  fubjedl  in  the  "vorld.  The  vice- 
roy continues  in  office  three  years.  The 
clergy  are  extremely  numerous  in  Mexi- 
co. The  priedi,  monks  and  nuns  of  all. 
orders,  make  a  fifth  of  the  white  inhabi- 
tants, both  here  and  in  other  parts  of' 
Spanifli  America.  The  empire  of  Mexi- 
co was  fubdued  by  Cortez  in  i^ai. 

Mexico,  the  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, is  the  olded  city  in  America,  of 
which  we  have  any  account ;  its  founda- 
tion being  dated  as  far  hack  as  132;.    It 
is  fituated  in  the  charming  vale  of  Mexi- 
co, en  feveral  fmall  iflands,  in  Lake  Tetzu- 
co,  in  N  lat.  15  116,  and  103  35  W  long, 
from   Ferro.      Thi»  vale  is  furrounded 
with  lofty  and  verdant  mountains,  and' 
formerly  contained  no  lefs  than  40  emi- 
nent cities,  befides  villages  and  hamlets, 
Concerning  the  ancient  population  of 
this  city   there    are    various    opinions 
The  hidorians  mod  to  be  relied  on  fay, 
that  it  was  nearly  nine  miles  in  circum- 
ference ;  and  contained  upwards  of  60, 
000  houfes,  containing  each  from  4  to  le 
inhabitants.    By  a  late  accurate  enume- 
ration,roade  by  the  magidrates  and  prieds, 
it  appears  that  the  prefent  number  of  in- 
habitants exceeds  200,000.     The  greateft 
curiofity  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  is  their 
floating  gardens.    When  the  Mexicans, 
qbout  the  year  1325,  were  fubdued  by 
the  Colhuan  and  Tepanecan  nations,  and 
confined  to  the  fmall  iflands  in  the  lake, 
Ltving  no  land  to  cultivate,  they  were 
taught   by  neceflBty  to  form  moveable 
gardens,  which  floated  on  the  lake.  Their 
condruifkion  is  very  fimple.    They  take 
willows  and  the  roots  of  marfli  pUntS) 
and  other  materials  which  are  light,  and 
twid  them  together,  and  fo  firmly  unite 
them  as  to  forma  fort  of  platform,  which 
is  capable  of  fiipporting  the  earth  of  the 
garden.     Upon  this  foundation  they  lay 
the  light  buflies  which  float  qn  the  lake, 
and  ever  them  fpread  ike  mud  and  dirt 

which 


the  lake, 
rangular ; 
«us,  but  g 
3  wide; 
furface  of 
TJicfe  wen 
cans  owne( 
>co;  there 
great  pepp, 
for  their  fi 
the  people 
merous.    a 
«■»  and  eve 
tlicm.    Eve 
innumerabl( 
various  kinc 
arc  cukivati 
arriving  by 
ket- place  of 
in  them  furpi 
liike  makes  i 
quires  no  wa 
iargcd  gardei 
tree  and  a  liti 
tor  and  defen 
fun.    When  1 
tfcc  Cbinamfa, 
change  his  fiti 
neighbourhood 
family,  he  get, 
by  his  own  ft 
«»  fmall,  or  w 
*f  «t   is  large, 
pleafes,  with  t 
't'    That  pan 
floating  garde 
ful  recreation, 
the  higheft  p 
buildings,  whi 
ent,  and  the  p 
churches,  are 
has  the  aprpca 
The  trade  of 
branches,  whi 
«^Hd.     It  car 
rope,  by  La  V 
pulf  of  Mexico 
'ndies.by  Acf 
miles  S  Wof  A 
ica,  by  the  fa 
ports.  Vera  Cri 
rably  well  fiti 
purpofcs  to  wh 
Meitieo,  GulJ 
Atlantic  ocean 
'  W  coaft  of  Fl 
Leon  and  Ne\J 
»nd  the  N  £ 
New-Spaia,  in 
eny  bounded 


rA 


'^. 


4k 


M  E  X 


M  I  A 


idien- 
of  the 
yrnent 
Cath- 
and  is 
trufted 
e  vice- 
.    The 
1  Mcxi- 
s  of  all 
inhabi- 
parts  of 
if  Mcxi- 
11. 

ire  pror- 
erica,  of 
I  founda- 

3*5-    It 
of  Mexi- 
le  Tctzu- 
W  long, 
rrounded 
ains,  and- 
n  40  emi- 
1  hamleti. 
ilation  of 
opinions, 
ed  on  fay, 
n  circum- 
•ds  of  60, 
jm  4  to  19 
\te  cnume- 
andpriefts, 
mber  ofin- 
'he  grcateft 
CO,  is  their 

Mexicans, 
Tubdued  by 
lations,  and 
in  the  lake, 

they  were 
,1  moveable 
lake.  Their 

They  take 
larfl*  plan"* 
re  light,  and 
firmly  unite 
tform.vhtch 
earth  of  the 
tion  they  lay 
;  qii  the  lake, 
mud  and  dirt 
whi<n 


^hidh  they  draw  up  from  the  bottom  of 
the  lake.  Their  regular  figure  i«  quad- 
rangular ;  their  length  and  breadth  vari- 
ous, but  generally  about  8  rods  long  and 
3  wide;  and  their  elevation  from  the 
furface  of  the  water  is  lefs  than  a  foot. 
Thcfe  were  the  firft  fields  that  the  Mexi- 
cans owned  after  the  foundation  of  Mex- 
ico ;  there  they  firft  cultivated  the  maize, 
great  pepper,  and  other  plants  neceflary 
for  their  fuppnrt.  From  the  induftry  of 
the  people  thefe  fields  foon  became  nu- 
merous. At  prefent  they  cultivate  flow- 
ers and  every  fort  of  garden  herbs  upon 
them.  Every  day  of  the  year  at  funrife, 
innumerable  vefTels  or  boats,  loaded  with 
various  kinds  of  flowers  and  herbs,  which 
are  cultivated  in  thefe  gardens,  are  feen 
arriving  by  the  canal,  at  the  great  mar- 
ket-place of  Mexico.  All  plants  thrive 
in  them  furprifingly ;  and  the  mud  of  the 
lake  makes  a  very  rich  foil,  which  re- 
.quires  no  water  from  the  clouds.  In  the 
Urged  gardens  there  is  commonly  a  little 
(rec  and  a  little  hut  to  Hielter  the  cultiva- 
tor and  defend  him  from  the  rain  or  the 
fun.  When  the  owner  of  a  garden  or 
the  Cbinampa,  as  he  is  called,  wifhcs  to 
change  his  fituation,  to  get  out  of  a  bad 
neighbourhood,  or  to  come  nearer  to  his 
family,  he  gets  into  his  little  boat,  and 
by  his  own  (Irength  alone,  if  the  garden 
is  fmali,  or  with  the  aifidance  of  others, 
if  it  is  large,  condudls  it  wherever  he 
plcafes,  with  the  little  tree  and  hut  upon 
it.  That  part  of  the  ifland  where  thefe 
floating  gardens  are,  is  a  place  of  delight- 
ful recreation,  where  the  fenfes  receive 
the  higheft  poflible  gratification.  The 
building<;,  which  are  of  ftone,  arc  conveni- 
ent, and  the  public  edifices,  cfpeciaUy  the 
churches,  are  magnificent ;  and  the  city 
has  the  apTpearance  of  immenfe  wealth. 
The  trade  of  Mexico  confifts  of  3  great 
branches,  which  extend  over  the  whole 
world.  It  carries  on  a  traffic  with  Eu- 
rope, by  La  Vera  Cruz,  fitnated  on  the 
Gulf  ofMexico.or  North  Sea ;  with  the  E. 
Indies,  by  Acapuico,  on  the  S.  Sea,  aio 
miles  S  W  ot  Mexico ;  and  with  S.  Amer- 
ica, by  the  fame  port.  Thefe  two  fea- 
ports,  Vera  Cruz  and  Acapuico,  are  admi- 
rably well  fituated  for  the  commercial 
purpofcs  to  which  they  are  applied.- 

Mexico,  Gulf  of,  is  that  part  of  the  N. 
Atlantic  ocean,  which  wafhes  the  S  and 
S  W  coaft  of  Florida,  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
Leon  and  New-Galicia,  in  New-Mexico, 
and  the  N  £  coaft  of  Old  Mexico,  or 
New-Spaia,  ia  N.  America.  It  is  prop- 
erly boviaded  oo  the  N  by  the  Floridas, 


and  on  the  S  by  the  Gulf  of  Darien,  or 
perhaps  ftill  more  properly  by  the  N  W 
point  of  the  Iflhmus  of  Darien,  fuppoQng 
a  line  to  be  drawn  from  one  to  the  other. 
The  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  therefore  to  be 
confidcred  as  the  wcflcrn  part  of  the  great 
gulf  between  the  northern  and  fouthern 
continents  of  America.  This  fpacious 
gulf  contain?  a  great  many  illands  of  vari- 
ous extent  and  fize  ;  and  it  receives  fev- 
eral  great  rivers,  particularly  the  Mifli 
fippi,  the  N  river,  and  a  multitude  of  oth- 
ers of  comparatively  lefs  note.  Its  ccNtds 
are  fo  irregular  and  indented,  that  itt 
lefTer  gulfs  and  bays  arc  almoft  innume- 
rable; the  chief  of  thefe  are  the  gulf  of 
Honduras,  and  Guanajos,  and  the  bays  of 
Campeachy,  Palaxay,  and  St.  Louis.  It  ia 
conjeiftured  l>y  fome  to  have  been  for- 
merly land ;  and  that  the  conflant  attri- 
tion of  the  waters  in  the  Gulf  Stream,  has 
worn  it  to  its  prefent  form.  See  Gulf 
Stream,  and  Oulf  of  Florida. 

Miami  River,  Little,  in  tite  State  of  Ohio, 
has  a  fouthvveftern  courfe,  and  empties 
into  the  Ohio  on  the  E  fide  of  the  town 
of  Columbia,  10  miles  eafiward  of  the 
Great  Miami,  in  a  flraight  line,but  ^^  tak- 
ing in  the  meanders  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  70 
yards  widB'at  the  mouth ;  its  whole  length 
70  miles.  Its  banks  are  good  land,  andfo 
iiigh  as  to  prevent  in  common  the  over- 
flowing of  the  water.  At  the  didance  of  30 
miles  from  the  Ohio,  the  Miamies  approx- 
im<<te  each  other  within  eight  miles  and 
a  half.  On  this  river  are  leveral  fait 
fprings. 

Miami  Rivrr,  Gteert,  or  Xhreat  Mineamf, 
calkd  alfo  jijlreniet,  or  Rocky  river, form* 
the  wcftern  boundaryof  the  Stateof  Ohio, 
dividing  it  from  Indiana  Territory.  It 
has  a  S  by  W  courfe,  and  empties  into 
the  Ohio  by  a  mouth  aoo  yards  wide,  3a§ 
miles  from  Big  Bones,  154  miles  from  the 
Rapids,  and  604  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Oiuo.  It  is  one  of  the  mod  beautiful 
flreams  in  the  Siate,  clear  and  tranfpar- 
ent.  U  has  a  very  flony  channel,  a  fwift 
ftream,  bul  no  falls.  At  the  Picquc  or 
Pickawee  towns,  above  75  miles  from  its 
mouth,  it  is  not  above  30  yards  broad, 
yet  loaded  batteaux  can  afcend  50  miles 
higher.  The  portage  from  the  naviga- 
ble waters  of  its  eaftern  branch  to  San- 
dufky  river  is  9  miles,  and  from  thofe  of 
its  wcftern  branch  to  the  Miami  of  the 
Lakes,  only  5  miles.  It  alfo  interlocks 
with  the  Scioto. 

Miami  of  the  Laht,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  State  of  Ohio,  which  falls  into  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  S  W  corner  of  the  lake.    A 

',,     foutb>:rB 


Ui  •I'll 


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^  % 


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MIC 

fbuthern  branch  of  this  rivet  communi- 
cates with  the  Great  Miami,  by  a  portage 
of  5  miles.  The  northern  branch  flows 
from  a  pond  and  communicates  with  St. 
Jofeph's  river  fay  a  portage  of  15  mile;. 
This  river  is  called  bv]  fome  wi  iters 
Mawmre,  alfo  Omee,  and  Manmick, 

JMiajHi,  a  village  on  the  Miami  of  the 
Lake  near  the  Miami  Fort.  Large  ca- 
aoes  can  come  from  Ouiatanon,  a  fmall 
French  fettlemcnt  ou  the  W  fide  of  the 
Wabafli,  197  miles  below  the  Miami 
Carrying-place,  which  laA  is  9  ovles  from 
this  village. 

Miamit,  up  Indian  natV>n  who  inhabit 
<m  the  Miami  river  and  the  fouthcrn  ^de 
of  Lake  Michigan.  They  can  raife  about 
300  warriors.  In  confcquence  of  lands 
ceded  to  the  U.  States  by  the  treaty  of 
Greenville,  Auguft  si,  17951  government 
paid  them  a  fum  in  hand,  and  engaged  to 
pay  to  them  annually,  forever,  to  (he 
value  of  1,000  dollars  in  goods. 

Miamii  Bay,  at  the  month  of  thf  Mia- 
^i  of  the  Lakes. 

Miata  Jfiand,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands, 
in  the  S.  Paci^c  ocean.  S  lat.  <;  5^  W 
long.  14^  6. 

Miebael,  St,  or  St.  Migyilfi  town  in  the 

Erovipce  of  (^ito,  in  Peru,  and  faid  to 
e  the  firft  town  the  Spaniards  built  in 
that  country.  U  is  of  confiderable  fize, 
(landing  in  a  fruitful  valley,  about  10 
leagues  from  the  fea.  The  inhabitants 
call  it  Chila.  Another  town  called  St. 
^iguel,  is  the  fecond  city  in  Tucumania, 
3Q  leagues  from  St.  Jago  del  Eftero,  on 
the  road  to  Charcara  or  Potofi,  at  the 
foot  of  a  range  of  rugged  mountains,  in 
a  well  watered  place  having  the  river 
Quebrada  on  the  one  fide,  and  feveral 
fmall  flreams  on  the  other,  5  or  6  leagues 
from  it.  The  country  produces  all  kinds 
of  grain,  plenty  of  grapes,  cotton  and  ilax, 
$aA  yields  excellcpt  pafturage. 

Mifbaet,  St.  a  town  of  N.  America,  in 
N.  Spain,  and  in  the  province  of  Mccho- 
acan.  U  is  very  populoiis,  100  miles  from 
Mexico.  |if  lat.  ao  35,  W  long.  loa  ss- 
MfcbatFt  Bay,  St.  on  the  £  Ude  of  the 
iHand  of  Barbadocs,  in  the  W>  Indies ;  a 
little  N  of  Foil's  Bay :  N  E  of  which  lafl 
bay  are  Cobler's  llocks,  i<i  the  (hape  of 
a  bom. 

MutatVi  Gulf,  St.  m  the  S  E  part  of 
Panama  Bay,  is  formed  by  the  outlet  of 
Sr. Maria  and  other  rivers  that  fall  into  it. 
Michael,  St.  or  St.  Miguel  River,  is  alfo 
on  the  S  coa(|,of  the  ifUiaiis  between  N 
»n(}  S.  America,  aad  on  (he  ^.  Pac>£c 


«*'. 


1^ 


M    *. 


MIC 

ocean,  and  18  learaes  to  the  W  of  Fort 
Martin  Lopez,  and  3  £  of  Guibaltiear. 
It  has  3  fathoms  water  at  flood.  'Wiuiia 
the  river  to  the  N  £  is  the  burning  moun* 
tain  of  St.  Miguel*  '«H  the  midil  of  an  opcq 
plain. 

Micbaeh  Bay,  St,  iq  Tctta  Firma,  o« 
the  S.  Sea. 

Micbatl'sy  St.  a  parifh  l/a  C)u>lcfton  at- 
tridl,S.  Carolina. 

Michatl'i,  St.  a  town  in  Talbot  ca  Ma» 
ryland,  8  miles  W  of  Eafton,  and  ai  S  E 
of  Annapolis, 

Mi't^tlt  St.  or  loud  del  Negne,  a  towa 
on  the  S  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo  ifland, 
10  leagues  ^  £  of  St..  Lovis. 

Michigan  Lake,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
is  the  largcQ  and  moft  confiderable  lake 
which  is  wholly  within  the  United  States, 
and  lies  between  lat.  418  and  4 J  40  N 
and  between  84  and  87  W  long.  Its  com- 
puted length  is  260  miles  from  N  to  3  ; 
its  circumference  945  miles ;  and  con- 
tains, according  to  Mr  Hutchias,  10,3681, 
000  acres.  It  is  navigable  for  fliipping 
of  any  burden]  and  communicates  with 
Lake  Huron,  at  the  nortb-eallem  part, 
through  the  Straits  of  MichilUmakkioaki, 
The  Ara't  >s  6  miles  broad,  and  the  fort 
of  its  name  i(lands  on  an  illandat  the  mouth 
of  the  lUait.  In  this  lake  are  Several  Innda 
of  fifh  ;  particularly  trout  of  an  excellent 
quality,  weighing  (rom  s^o  to  6c  pounds; 
and  feme  have  been  taken  in  the  ftrait 
which  weighed  90  pounds.  On  the  N  W 
parts  of  this  lake,  the  waters  puib  through 
a  narrow  ftrait,  and  branch  out  into  two 
bays ;  that  to  the  northward  is  called  No- 
quct's  Bay,  the  other  to  the  fouthward, 
Puans,  or  Green  Bay,  which  laft  with  the 
lake,  forms  a  long  peninfula,  called  Cape 
Tovynfend,  or  Vermillion  Point  About 
30  miles  S  of  Bay  de  Puans,  is  Lake  Win* 
nebagOi  which  communicates  with  it; 
and  a  very  fliort  portage  interrupts  the 
water  communication,  fouthweflwar<j| 
from  Winnebago  Lake  through  Fox  riv- 
er, then  throvgh  Ooifconfin,  into  the  riv- 
er Mi^iflppi.  Chicago  river,  alfo  at  the 
S  W  extremity  of  Lake  Michigan,  fur* 
nifhes  a  communication  interrupted  by  ;| 
flill  fliorter  portage,  with  IlUnbis  river. 
Lake  Michigan  Receives  many  fmall  riv 
ers  from  the  W  and  £  fome  \$o  and.even 
25Q  yards  broad  at  t^eir  mpuths.  Sec 
Grand  Mafticmt  Maramt,  St.J^fft,  &c. 

Jl^iebilliifialikinok  Sfroiti  coancdl  Lakes 
Michigan  and.^uron,  in  a  N  £  and  S  W 
courfe. 

MitlUlimaHin^  (called  by  the  Canadi- 
an! 


«' 


# 


MIC 

I  £«  Gtf^t  Jjle)  an  iiland,  fort,  and  Til< 
hge  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  (Irsits  of  the 
fame  name.  The  fmall  ifle  on  which  the 
village,  and  the  fort  commanding  the 
ftrait,  ftand,  i»  W  N  W  of  White  Wood 
Ifland,  in  Lake  Huron.  In  addition  to 
the  lands  round  thi>  pod  to  which  the 
Indian  title  had  ^een  extinguiChed  bj  the 
French  and  Britiflt  governmentt,  the  In- 
dians  have  ceded  by  the  treaty  of  Green- 
ville, a  tradt  of  land  on  the  main:,  ro  &"* 
north  of  the  ifland  on  which  r.  .>&  «. 
Michiilioiakkinak  ftands,  to  mv^.'ure  6 
miles  on  lakck  Huron  and  Michigan,  and 
to  extend  3  miles  back  from  the  water  of 
the  lake  or  flrait,  and  alfo  De  Boi«  Blanc, 
at  White  Wood  iDand.  This  lad  was  the 
voluntary  gift  of  the  Chippewa  nation. 
The  ifland  of  Michillimakkinak  is  very 
barren,  but,  as  It  is  the  grand  rendezvous 
of  the  Indian  traders,  a  confiderable  trade 
is  carried  on ;  aqd  its  very  advantageous 
Situation  feems  to  enfure  that  it  will  be, 
at  fome  future  picriod,  a  place  of  great 
commercial  importance.  It  is  witl^in  the 
line  of  the  United  States,  and  was  lately 
delivered  up  by  the  Britifli.  There  are 
2JI  inhabitants  here.  It  is  about  aoo 
miles  N  N  W  from  Petroit,  and  974  N 
W  of  Philadelphia.  M  lat,  45  48  34,  W 
long.  84  30. 

ifieiiliimaUinai,  ZfiltU,  a  river  in  the 
K  W.  Territory,  which  enters  the  fouth> 
caftern  fide  of  Illinois  river,  by  a  mouth 
50  yards  wide,  and  has  betweef^  30  and 
40  fmall  iflands  at  its  mouth :  which  at 
a  diflance  appear  like  a  fmall  village.  It 
runs  a  N  W  cpurfe,  and  is  navigable 
about  90  miles.  On  its  banl^is  plenty 
of  good  timber,  viz.  red  and  white  cedar, 
pine,  maple,  walnut,  £pc.  as  alfo  coal 
mines.  Its  mouth  is  13  miles  below  the 
Old  Piorias  Fort  and  village,  on  the  op> 
polite  fide  of  the  river,  at  the  S  W  end  of 
Illinois  Lake,  and  195  miles  from  the 
Miflifippi. 

MiebifieeteH^  a  rIver  which  empties  into 
Lake  Superior,  on  the  northeaft  fide  of 
the  lake.  It  has  its  fource  not  far  didant 
from  Moefe  river,  a  water  of  James's  Bay. 
It  forms,  at  its  mouth,  a  bay  of  its  own 
nmne;  and  on  the  W  part  of  the  bay,  is 
a  large  ifland  fo  called,  clofe  to  the  land, 
a  fmall  (trait  opiy  feparates  it  from  Ot- 
ter's Head  on  the  north. 

Michipinttn  Bay,  in  the  northeaft  part 
of  lake  Superior,  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
fomewhat  fheltered  foutherly  and  eaft- 
erly  from  lake  Superior,  by  point  Gor^ 
|oataa  and  the  ifland  of  Michipicoten. 


MID 

Mlelifiecfen  IJIe,  on  the  northeaftpatt 
of  Lake  Superior,  in  U.  Canada,  at  tlie 
entrance  of  a  bay  of  the  fame  name, 

MicbipictBton  Houftf  in  U.  Canada,  ia 
fituated  on  the  £  fide  of  the  mouth  of  the 
above  river,  in  lat.  47  56  ^,  and  belonp 
to  the  Hudfon  Bay  Company. 

Mitbi/eoiti,  i»  the  Indian  and  prcfenC 

name  of  the  mod  northerly  river  in  Ver* 

moot.    It   rifes  in   Belvidere,  and  runa 

learly  uorth>ca(l  until  it  has  crnfled  into 

''anada,  where  it  runs  T'^p  Hift^nce ;  it 

■ns  W  then  foutherl  /'  liters  the 
State  of  Vermont  in  Ricliiurd,  and  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Champlain  at  Michifcout 
Bay,  at  Highgate.  It  is  navigable  for  thp 
largefl:  boats  to  the  falls  at  Swantown,  7 
miles  from  its  mouth.  Michifcoui,  La 
Moelle,  and  Onioh  river3,are  nearly  of  the 
fame  magnitude. 

Micbifcoui  Tongue,  or  Say,  a  long  point 
of  land  wliich  extends  foutherly  into 
Lake  Champlain  from  the  N  £  corner  of 
Vermont  on  the  W  fide  of  the  bay  of 
this  name,  and  forjnsthe  towniliip  of  All- 
burg. 

Mittmacts,  an  Indian  nation  which  in- 
habit the  country  between  the  Shapody 
Mountains,  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence in  Ilova-Scotia,  oppofite  to  St» 
John's  Ifland.  This  nation  convey  their 
fcntimeuts  by  hieroglyphics  marked  oa 
the  rind  of  the  birch  and  on  paper,  whicb 
the  Roman  miiTionaries  perfectly  under- 
ftand.  Many  of  them  refide  at  the  fieade 
of  the  rivers,  in  King's  and  Hants  coua* 
ties. 

Mlcoya  Bay  is  fituated  on  the  S  W  coaft 
of  Mexico,  or  N.  Spain,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  In  fome  charts  it  is  laid  down  in; 
lat.  J.0  IS  Naad  having  CapeBhinco  and 
Chira  Ifland  for  its  fouth-eaft  limit. 

Middle  Bank,  a  fiihing  ground  in  the  At« 
lantic  Ocean,  which  lies  from  north-ea(l 
to  fouth-weft,  between  St.  Peter's  Bank 
and  that  of  Sable  Ifland  ;  and  oppo- 
fite to,  and  S  E  of,  Cape  Breton  Ifland, 
laid  down  in  fome  charts  between  lat.  44 
3  a,  and  45  34  N,  and  between  tong.  57 
37,  and  59  3  a. 

Middlebortugb,  the  ffamqJitU  of  the  an- 
cient Indians,  a  pofl:  town  in  Plymoutli 
CO.  Maflachufett3, 40  miles  8  by  £  of  Bof- 
ton  ;  was  incorporated  in  1669,  and  con- 
tains 4458  inhabitants.  This  town  was 
formerly  thickly  inhabited  by  Indian  na- 
tives, governed  by  the  noted  fachem  TiJ^ 
paean  :  there  are  now  only  30  or  40  fouls 
remaining,  who,  to  fupply  their  immcdi* 
ate  nece^ties,  make  and  fell  brooms  and 

Uiket*. 


>    t 


vi 


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•» 


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# 


MID 


M  I  D 


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baflMti.  The  town  is  remarkable  for  a 
large  range  of  ponds,  which  produce  fev- 
eral  forts  of  fifli,  and  large  quantities  of 
iron  ore.  Tl)e  bottom  of  Aflbwamfet 
Pond  may  be  faidto  bean  entire  mine  of 
iron  ore.  Men  go  out  with  boats,  and 
ufe  inQrumrnts  like  oyfter  dredges,  to  get 
up  the  ore  from  the  bottom  of  the  pond. 
It  h  now  fo  much  exhaurced,  that  half  a 
ton  is  thought  a  good  day's  work  for  one 
man ;  but  for  a  number  of  years  one  man 
could  take  up  four  times  the  quantity. 
In  an  adjacent  pond  there  is  yet  great 
plenty  at  20  feet  deep,  as  well  as  from 
Ihoaler  water.  Orcat  quantities  of  naHs 
are  made  here.  In  winter,  the  farmers 
and  young  men  are  employed  in  this 
manufadture.  Here,  and  at  Milton  in 
Norfolk  county,  the  firft  tolling  and  flit- 
ting mills  were  eredted  about  50  years 
ago,  but  were  imperfet^  and  unprodudl- 
ive,  in  comparifon  with  thofc  of  the  pref- 
cnt  time.  The  prints  of  naked  hands  and 
feet  are  to  he  fecn  on  fevcral  rocks  in  this 
town,  fuppofed  to  have  been  done  by  the 
Indians.  Thefe  are  probably  limilar  to 
thofe  obferved  in  the  States  of  Georgia 
and  Virginia. 

Middldourg  Kiy^  a  fmall  rflot  fepar-    • 
ed  from  St.  Martin's  in  the  We(l-Ii> 
en  the  N  E. 

Miildlthooi,  a  pod- town,  Augufta  co. 
Virginia,  186  miles  from  Wafhington. 

MiddUbufg,  a  pofl-town,  Loudon  co. 
Virginia, 47  miles  from  Wafliington. 

MUileburg,  a  poft-town,  Nclfon  co.Ken- 
tucky,  603  miles  from  Washington. 

MidJleitiry,  a  poft-town  of  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  Addifon  co.  It  is  33  miles 
M  by  W  of  Rutland,  15  from  Vcrgennes 
and  37  S  £  of  Burlington.  Here  is  a 
brewery  upon  a  pretty  large  fcalc,  3  grifl 
jiulls,  4  faw  mills,  a  forge,  a  gun  and  card 
fnanufa<5lory,  jail,  court  houfe,  college, 
and  about  400  dwelling  lioufes.  The 
college  eftablifhed  in  this  town,  is  flour- 
.  idling,  and  promifes  great  benefit  to  the 
State.  The  townfliip  lies  on  the  £  fide 
of  Otter  Creek,  and  contains  1 363  inhab- 
itants, ji  I  miles  N  £  of  Wafhington. 

MitUle  Cafe  is  to  the  SW  of  Cape  An- 
thony, in  Staten  Land,  on  the  flrait  Le 
Maire,  and  the  moft  wcfierly  point  of 
chat  ifland;  at  the  extremity  of  S.  Amer- 
ica. 

MiJdlefeU,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  30  miles  N  W  of  Spring- 
lEeld,  and  130  miles  wefterly  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  ia  178-3,  and  contains 
^7  inhabitants. 


*» 


i^^ 


■■1**-, 


MiJdleJiilJ,  a  thriving  town  in  Trum- 
bul  CO.  State  of  Ohio,  in  the  centre  of  the 
county,  15  miles  N  of  Watren. 

Middleboek,  a  village  in  N.  Jerfey,  % 
miles  W  of  Brunfwick,  on  the  crofs  poft 
road  from  Branfwick  to  Flemington,  and 
on  the  N  bank  of  kariton  river. 

'iddte  IJlaiidi,  or  lUai  de  en  Medit,  an. 
the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mexico,  between  the 
iflands  of  Chira  and  St.  Luke.  They  are 
in  the  N.  Pacific  ocean,  in  lat.  9  30  N. 
There  it  only  from  6  to  7  fathoms  from 
Chira  to  thefe  illands,  and  all  vefTclsfhonld 
keep  nearer  to  them  than  to  the  main. 

Middkbufg,  or  jEmj,  the  mofl  foutherly 
of  all  the  Friendly  Ifl/'Ads,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean  ;  and  a  about  10  leagues  in  circuit. 

Middle  IJland,  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
fmall,  and  ntuated  eafl  of  the  Bafs  iflands. 
and  northerly  of  Ship  ifland,  and  Cun- 
ningham's ifland  in  Lake  Erie. 

Middle/etc,  a  county  of  MafTachufettSj 
bonndcd  N  by  the  State  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
E  by  EfFcx  co.  S  by  Suffolk,  and  W  by 
Worccflcr  co.  Its  figure  is  nearly  equal 
to  a  fquare  of  40  miles  on  a  (ide^  its  great- 
eft  length  being  52,  and  its  greateft 
breadth  42  miles.  It  has  42  townfhips, 
which  contain  46,928  inhabitants.  The 
religious  focieties  are  55  of  Congregation* 
alifts,  7  of  Baptifls,  and  fome  Prefbyteri- 
ans.  It  was  made  a  county  in  1643. 
It  is  watered  by  five  principal  rivers, 
Merrimack,  Charles,  Concotd,  Nafhua, 
and  MyAick ;,  befides  fmaller  flreams. 
The  chief  towns  are  Charleflown,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Concord.  Charlcftown  is 
the  only  fcaport  in  the  county  ;  Con- 
cord is  the  mofl  refpe&able  inland  town, 
and  is  near  the  centre  of  the  county, 
being  20  miles  N  W  of  Boftoa.  There 
are  in  the  county  24  fulling-mills,  about 
70  tan-yards, 4  paper-mills,  2  fnufF-mills, 
6  diAilicries,  and  about  ao  pot  and  pearl 
afh  houfes.  The  fouthern  and  northern 
fides  of  the  county  are  hilly,  but  not 
mountainous,  few  of  the  hills  exceeding 
ICO  feet  in  height,  and  are  covered  with 
wood,  or  cultivated  quite  to  their  fum* 
mits.  The  air  is  generally  ferene,  and 
the  temperature  mild.  The  extreme  va- 
riation of  Farenkeit's  thermometer,  may 
he  conlidered  as  100  in  a  year ;  but  it  is 
in  very  few  inftanccs,  that  in  the  courfe 
of  a  year  it  reaches  either  extreme  :  92 
may  be  conlidered  as  the  extreme  fum- 
mer  heat,  and  5  or  6  below  o,  as  that 
of  the  winter  cold.  In  the  winter  of 
1796— '97,  it  funk  to  II  below  o.  The 
foil  is  various,  in  fomt  parts  of  rich, 

black 


Itldck  I( 
and   fat 
grain    a 
through) 
frowth 
Middi, 
Midd/, 
ticut,  ho 
l«ng  Wi 
CO.  and 
eft  lengtl 
ffeateft  1 
ed  into  ( 
iflhahitan 
ne<5ticut 
*he  couni 
flow  into  i 
dleton  is 

Middle/, 

ed  N  by 

ecfet,  SW 

mouth,  E 

Staten  Iflai 

■tants.    Fr 

er  up  to  : 

iides  is  gei 

and  lillage, 

titles  of  ev 

Chief  towr 

MidJlefex 

S  fide  of  I 

apeak  BayJ 

length,   an 

1*87  free 

Urhannji  h 

Middle  ,<f, 

end  of  Lai 
uated  betw 
Sifter.     Sm 

Middle 
vffions  of  t 
inated  in  i 
fouthern  St_ 
of  New  Yoi 

Delaware, 
ritory. 

Middleti,,, 
eft.  MafTacl 
Boflon.  It 
and  contaii 

MiddUton 
port  of  ent 
capital  of 
«ed  on  th 
cut  river, 
Saybrook  ^ 
of  the  rive 
4«  N  by 
^  W  of 
iM-ook,  and 


M  I  V 


M  I  0 


ii 


kldck  lofldi,  and  in  otheri  it  i«  light 
and  fandy.  It  produces  the  timber, 
grain  and  fruit  which  are  common 
throughout  the  State,  either  hy  natural 
growth  or  cultivation. 

MiJdhfex  Canal,  fee  Appendix. 
Miidlifex,  a  maritime  co;  of  Connec- 
ticut, bounded  N  by  Hartford  co.  S  by 
Long  Ifland  Sound,  £  by  New  London 
CO.  and  W  by  New  Haven.  Its  great- 
eft  length  is  about  30  miles,  and  its 
jjireated  breadth  19  miles.  It  is  divid- 
ed into  6  townfliips,  containing  1 3*874 
iiihabitants,  of  whom  7»  are  flaves.  Con- 
ne<Slicut  river  runs  the  whole  length  of 
the  county,  and  on  the  ftreams  which 
flow  into  it  are  a  number  of  mills;  Mid- 
dleton  is  the  chief  town. 

MiMUftx.  a  CO.  of  N.  lerfey,  bound- 
ed N  by  EfTex,  N  \r  and  W  by  Som- 
«f  fet.  S  W  by  Burlington,  S  E  by  Mon- 
mouth, E  by  Rariton  Bay  and  part  of 
Statenlfland.  It  contains  17,890  inhab- 
itants. From  the  mouth  of  Rariton  riv- 
er up  to  Brunfwick,  the  land  on  both 
fides  is  generally  good,  both  for  pafture 
and  tillage,  producing  confidbrable  quan- 
tities of  every  kind  of  grain  and  hay. 
Chief  town.  New  Brunfwick. 

Middlefex,  a  CO.  of  Virp;inia,  on  the 
S  fide  of  Rappahannock  river,  on  Chef- 
apeak  Bay.  It  is  about  35  miles  in 
length,  and  7  in  bi-eadth,  containing 
1687  free  inhabitants,  and  25x6  flaves. 
Urbanna  is  the  chief  town. 

MiMe  Hifler,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  W 
end  of  Lake  Erie  in  Upper  Canada,  fit- 
uated  between  the  Eafl  Sifter,  and  Weft 
Sifter.    SmytB. 

Middle  Statu,  one  of  the  Grand  Di- 
vifions  of  the  United  States,  (fo  denom- 
inated in  reference  to  the  northern  and 
fouthern  States)  comprehending  the  States 
of  New  York,  New  Jcrfey,  Pcnnfylvania, 
Delaware,  Ohio,  and  the  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory. 

JUiddleton,  an  interior  towndiip  in  Eflex 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  ao  miles  northerly  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1728, 
and  contains  598  inhabitants. 

Middleton,  a  city  and  poft-town  and 
port  of  entry  of  Connecticut,  and  the 
capital  of  Middlefex  co.  pleafantly  fitu- 
ated  on  the  weftern  bank  of  Connedti., 
cut  river,  xt  miles  from  its  mouth,  at 
Saybrook  Bar,  according  to  the  courfe 
of  the  river ;  15  miles  S  of  Hartford, 
46  N  by  E  of  New  Haven,  38  N  W 
by  W  of  New  London,  30  N  of  Say- 
Wook,  and  2091  N  £.  af  Philadelphia. 


.*■- 


Its   public   buildings    are,  a  Congrega«  V 

tional  church,   an  Epifcopalian  churcfr, 

a  court  houfe  and  naval  office.     It  con-' 

tains  about  300  houfes,  and  carries  oiv 

a  conCderablc    trade.     Here    the    river 

has  10  feet  water  at  full  tides.     N  lat. 

4»  35.  W  long.  72  54.    This  place  waa 

called  Mattabefiek,  by    the  Indians,  and 

was  fettled  in  1650  or  1651.    Two  miles     »      • 

from  the  city  is  a  lead  mine  which  wa» 

wrought  during  the  war,  and  was  pro- 

duAive ;  but  it  is  too  expenfive  to  be  •;^ 

wotked  in  time  of  peace.  ' 

Middletoivn,  a  townfliip  in  StrafFord 
CO.  N.  Hampftiire;  about  40  miles  N  by 
W  of  Portfmouth. 

Middlttown,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co.     * 
Vermont,  39  miles  N  of  Bennington. 

Middletown.  a  village  on  Long  Illand,  !ti  | 

N. Tork  State;  12 miles  from Smithtown,  ^] 

and  1 3  from  Bridgehampton. 

Middletown,  a  townfhip  in  Delaware  co 
N.  York,  eredlcJ  from  Rocheftcr  and 
Woodftock  in  1789,  on  the  N  fide  of  th; 
head  waters  of  Popachton  branch  of  Del- 
aware, 40  miles  W  of  Catflcill. 

Middletown,  a  townfliip  in  Newport  coti 
Rhode  in.ind,  contains  913  inhabitants. 
In  this  town,  which  is  on  the  ifland  which 
gives  name  to  the  State,  and  about  % 
miles  from  Newport,  is  a  large  and  curi- 
ous cavity  in  the  rocks,  called  Purgatory^- 
MiddletoviH,  a  town  of  about  60  or 
70  houfes  in  Berkley  co.  Virg.  about  half 
way  between  Martinfljurgh  and  Winch- 
efter,  near  the  N  mountain.  Tt  has  a 
church  for  Prcfl)ytcrians,  and  another 
for  Baptifts. 

Middletvtvn,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  New- 
caftle  CO.  Delaw.ire,  on  Apoquinimy 
Creek,  21  miles  S  S  W  of  Wilmington, 
and  49  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Midd/efonvn,  in  Monmouth  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  a  townfliip  which  contains  two  pla- 
ces of  worfhip,  one  for  Baptifls  and  one 
for  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  and" 
3,226  inhabitants.  Here  is  an  academy 
of  40  or  50  ftudcnts ;  and  fait  works 
on  North  river,  which  divides  this  town 
from  Shrewfljury.  The  centre  of  the 
townfliip  is  50  miles  E  by  Nof  Trenton,  ^ 

and  30  S  W  by  S  of  N.  York  city.  The 
light-houfe  built  by  the  citizens  of  New 
York  on  the  point  of  Sandy  Hook,  is  in' 
this  townfliip.  The  high  lands  of  Nave- 
fink,  are  on  the  fea  coaft,near  Sandy  Hootb 
They  are  600  feet  above  the  furface  of  the 
water,  and  are  the  lands  firft  difcovercd  '  4S 
by  mariners  on  this  part  of  the  coaft. 
Middlttsitin  Piint,  in  the  above  town»  * 

'      ..  .  .¥       -  ' 


: 

ti(; 

;     ,            1 

':!,■■ 


i 


H  I  F 


If  I  R 


fliip,  liei  on  the  8  W  fide  of  the  bay 
within  Sandy  Hook,  9  mile*  K  by  N 
of  Spotfwood,  and  14  north-we(l  of 
Sbrcwfbury.    A  pod-office  ii  kept  hcre» 

MiddliUtuHt  a  flourilhing  pod  town  in 
Dauphin  co.  Pcnnfjivania,  011  tJK  N 
W  ude  of  Swatara  creek,  which  emp> 
tiet  into  the  Sufquchannah,  ^  milet  he- 
low.  It  containi  h  German  church  and 
above  100  houfcir  and  carrieH  on  a 
briik  trade  vtith  the  farmcitm  the  vi> 
cinitjr.  It  is  eftimated  that  above  aoo,ooo 
buflieli  of  wheat  are  Itrought  down 
thefe  rivers  annually  to  tite  landing 
piUce,  »  miles  from  the  town.  Contig- 
vous  to  the  town  is  an  excellent  mer- 
chant mill,  fupplied  with  a  condant 
dream,  by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Swat- 
ara.  It  is  .6  miles  S  of  Humtneldon, 
and  91 W  bv  N  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
40  IS,  W  long.  76  44.  There  are  alfo 
two  other  townfliips  of  this  name  in 
the  State ;  the  one  in  Delaware  cok  the 
other  in  that  of  Cumberland. 

MiMttvwit,  a  pod  town  in  Frederick 
ca  Maryland,  lies  nearly  8  miles  W  N 
W  of  Frederickdown. 

MiddUtvwn^  in  Oorshefter  ca  Mary* 
^nd,  is  aboat  5  miles  N  of  the  Cedar 
Landing  Place,  on  Tranfquaking  Creek ; 
7  wefterly  of  Vienna,  and  8j^  N  W  of 
Cambridge. 

MBdland  D'lftriH,  in  U.  Canada,  was 
originally  eredted  into  a  dinrift  by  the 
same  of  the.diftritfkof  Mecklenburg,  in 
the  province  of  Quebec,  by  Lord  Dor- 
cbefter's  proclamation,  of  the  a4th  of 
Tnly  1788;  it  received  its  prcfent  name 
by  an  aft  of  the  provincial  legiflature; 
ia  bounded  on  the  E  i>y  a  meridian  paf- 
fing  through  the  mouth  of  the  river  Oa- 
nanoqni ;  on  the  S  by  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence and  Ontario ;  on  the  W  bv  a  me- 
ridian palfing  through  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Trent,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quinte ;  and  on  the  N  by  the  Ottawa 
river.     Smyth. 

Midway,  a  village  in  Liberty  co.  Oeor- 
giar  30  miles  S  of  Savannah,  and  10  miles 
N  W  of  Sunbury.  Its  inhabitants  are 
Cpngregationalids,  nnd  are  the  defcen* 
dants  of  emigrants  from  Dorchefler  near 
Bofton,  in  New  England,  who  migrated 
aa  early  as  1700. 

' Midway,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  £  of  and  adjoining  Rutland. 

Miffim,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  furroun- 
<led  by  Lycoming,  Franklin,  Cumberland, 
Northamberland,  Dauphin,  and  Hunting- 
don counties.    It  contains  .itSj  I  f^uare 


I  miles,  t,i84,^(lo  aeres,  and  is  divided  ln« 
to  8  townflitp.  The  mountains  in  thi» 
county  abound  with  iron  ore,  for  the 
I  manufaiShiring  of  which,  feveral  forges 
have  been  ereftcd  It  is  well  watered 
by  the  Junialta,  and  other  dreams  which 
empty  into  the  Sufquehaffnah.  In  thia 
en.  are  feveral  mineral  fprings,  and  abun- 
dance  of  limeftonc.  This  co.  and  Center 
contain  13,609  people.  Chief  town, 
Lewiflown. 

Miff  in,  a  fmall  town  in  the  above  eo. 
on  the  £  fide  of  the  Juniatta  ;  11  mile* 
E  of  Lewidown,  and  138  from  PhiladeU 
phia.    Here  is  a  pod  office. 

MiffiHf  JFtrt,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  iitua« 
ted  on  a  fmall  ifland,  at  the  mouth  of 
Schuylkill  river,  alwut  6  miles  S  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

Miffinitirg,  a  pod  town  of  Northunw 
berJand  co.  Penlylvania,  418  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Mile^ry,i  poft  town,  Mifflin  ea  Penn* 
fylvania  a6a  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Mtlfwdjk  townfhip  in  Mifflin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Milfvrdt  a  fmall  town  in  Worceder  cok 
Maflkchufetts,  18  miles  from  Worcefter, 
34  from  Bodon,  containing  907  inhabi- 
tants.. 

MI/»rJ,  a  pod  town  of  the  Sute  of 
Delaware,  pleafantly  fituatcd  ob  the  N 
fide  of  Mufpilion  Creek,  about  xzmilea 
W  rf  its  mouth  in  Delaware  Bay,  19  S 
by  £  of  Dover,  7  8  of  Ftederica,  and  95 
S  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  up- 
wards ICO  houfes,  all  built  iince  the  war, 
except  one.  The  inhabitants  are  Epifco- 
palians,  Quakers  and  Methodids. 

MU/ordt  a  town  of  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  laid  out  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  Delaware,  on  a  lofty  fituation,  at 
Well's  Ferry,  lao  miles  above  Philadel- 
phia. In  front  of  the  town,  which  con- 
tains as  yet  only  a  few  hoafes,  the  river 
forms  a  cove  well  fitted  for  flieltertng 
boats  and  lumber  in  dorms,  or  frediet  in 
the  river.  A  faw  mill  and  paper  mill 
have  been  erefted  here;  the  latter  be- 
longs to  Mr.  Biddis,  who  has  difcovered 
the  method  of  making  paper  and  pade- 
board  by  fubdituting  a  large  proportion 
of  faw-dud  in  the  compofition. 

Mi/ford,  a  pod-town  of  Conneftieut, 
on  Long-Iflaud  Sound,and  in  New-Haven 
ca  13  miles  S.  W.  of  New-Haven,  and  ' 
ead  of  Stratfotd.  The  mouth  of  tha- 
creek  on  which  it  dands  has  3  fathoma: 
water.  This  town  was  called  ^iy>«t('<i;« 
by  the  Iiwliins,  and  was  fettled  in  x6i& 

It 


ft  <*ont!ti'n< 
Coii,'jrcgntio 
Milf>„,l  J 
coaft  of  No^ 
the  point  (I 
ceivcs  ftvtrj 
8  W. 

northerly,  dll 
coc,  and  is  nc 

Vork.    Tiifl, 
cd  oncmillior 
a  gratuity  to 
the  line  «')f  th 
*ng  the  count] 
^  bv  tlu;  cafl 
Slid  thf  county 
of -Lake  Oiitar 
Tioga  CO.  and 
has  been  fcttlin 
pie  very  rapid 
pleafaiit  count} 
'hips  of  60,000 
gain    lubdividc 
farms,  of  600  at 
*.Joo  farmi,  wci 
of  fmall  lakes  at 
Tlie  reft  rved 
"■•»<-%  are  as  fol 
miles  long,  and 
northern  part  of 
'•es  ir>  the  ccntrt 
dians.    The  Fno 
each  fide  of  the  I 
•wrth  end  lies 
Connnga  Caftic 
i^ie  ferry,  on  the 
The  Oiiondago  I 
"  miles  long, 
"Prth    bv  the    . 
part   of  the   tow 
<"'amillus :  A  veri 
«nd  of  Salt  Lake 
'J«".    The  Salt  Si 
IT'th  a  fmall  port 
"d*-,  is  r.fcrved  I 
'eifith  is  6{- miles, 

oftheRcfcrvatioi 

Af./Af,.,  jp„t,  is 

fon's  river,  41  „ 

Here  are  the  falls 

'wndcd  in  a  boat 

"""5.  Ithasitsnai 

formerly  built  her 

Milh  Xocl»,  jq, 

tains  from  fix  to 

'ae  foil  i,  good  ;  i 

Partipr  parallel  to 

«e  river  St.  Lawr 


W 


,(«• 


M  1  t 


M  t  L 


It  <ront!»in«  «n  Epifcopal  church,  anJ  i 
Con,';rc3ntfonal  churches. 

Milf"nl  Hjiim,  a  deep  bay  on  the 
coaft  "f  Nova-Scotia,  to  the  S  W,  lomid 
the  point  of  tl»e  (Irait  ol  Canlo.  It  re- 
ceives ftvtral  rircrt  from  the  N  W  and 
8  W. 

RJiHijufan  Creti,  in  tJ,  C^nul.i,  running 
northerly,  difrharfjeo  itftif  into  Lake  Sim- 
coc,  and  is  now  called  HrJhnJ'j  Riimr. 

I.Tilltary  Toivn/hifis,  in  the  State  of  N. 
York.  The  Icgilliture  of  the  State  j^rant- 
ed  one  million  and  a  half  acres  of  land,  a« 
a  gratuity  to  the  ofiicers  and  foldieri  of 
the  line  of  this  State.  This  trai't,  form- 
ing the  county  of  Onond.igo,  is  Iximided 
W  hv  the  eafl  fliorc  cf  the  Stncca  Lake, 
and  the  county  of  Ontario  ;  N  l)y  the  part 
of  Lake  Ontario  near  Fort  Ofwejjo;  S  by 
Tioga  to.  and  E  by  Chenanpo  co.  This 
has  been  fettling^  y  theNew-Enj'Jand  (x-o- 
pie  very  rapidly  iince  the  peace.  This 
pleafant  county  i«  divided  into  ZS  (own- 
lliips  of  60,000  acres  each,  whii.h  are  a- 
gain  lubdividcd  into  100  convenient 
farms,  of  600  acres  ;  making  in  the  whole 
a,joo  farms,  well  watered  by  a  multitude 
of  fmall  lakes  and  rivers. 

The  referved  lands  embofomed  in  this 
tra<^,  are  as  follow  v  a  tratfl  about  171 
mile*  long,  and  to  broad,  including  the 
northern  part  of  the  lake  Cayuga,  wliich 
lies  in  the  centre  of  it,  to  rhe  Cayuga  In- 
dians. The  Indians  have  a  vill.igc  on 
each  fide  of  the  take ;  and  the  ferry  »t  the 
rHirth  end  lien  in  lat.  41  54  14  north. 
Connoga  Caftic  is  about  3  miles  fouth  of 
the  ferry,  on  the  eall  fide  of  Lake  Cayuga. 
The  Onondago  Refcrvation  is  uniformly 
II  miles  long,  and  9  broad  ;  bounded 
north  by  the  Public  Refcrvation,  and 
part  of  the  townfliips  of  Manlius  and 
(Jamillus:  A  very  fmall  part  of  the  fouth 
end  of  Salt  Lake  is  within  the  Refcrva- 
tion. The  Salt  Spring,  and  the  S^It  Lake, 
with  a  fmall  portion  of  ground  on  each 
fide,  is  referved  by  the  .State  ;  its  j^Fcatcfl 
length  is  6^miles,  and  the  greattfl  breadth 
of  the  Refcrvation  3^;. 

Milltr,  Fort,  is  on  the  F,  fide  of  IT-.id- 
f(m'8  river,  41  miles  north  of  Aloany. 
Here  are  the  falls  which  Gen.  Putnam  dc- 
fcendcd  in  a  boat,  on  which  are  ftveral 
mills.  It  has  its  name  from  a  little  mud  tort 
formerly  built  here  againf^  the  Indians. 

Mill{  Roches,  Jjle  aii,  in  U.  Canada  con- 
I  tains  from  fix  to  fevcn  hundred  acres  ; 
the  foil  is  good  j  it  lies  p;irtlv  above  and 
partly  parallel  to  Illc  Cti^lal  Ecartc,  in 
I  tke  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Tt 


Mil/n\,  or  Payiji'itj^i;  a  rivef  of  MaC" 
fach'ifetts,  which  runs  W  by  S  and  falli 
into  Coniifi'licnt  river,  between  North* 
fiehl  and  Montnguc.  It  is  a  beautiful 
dream,  though  in  f'oine  places  very  rap* 
id.  Its  chief  fource  it  iu  Monomenncic 
pond  in  Rindgc,  New-Hampfliirc,  and 
partly  in  Winchendon  ;  the  other  id 
Naukheag  ponri  in  Alhburnham.  Thefe, 
with  Various  flreams  unite  in  Winchen- 
don, and  form  Millet's  river. 

Miller  J,  a  ftith  mcnt  in  Kentneky,  on 
a  branch  of  Lieking  river,  yt  miles  north- 
caflof  Lexington. 

Miller  s-Town,  in  Northampton  co« 
Penniyivania,  is  pleafantly  fituated  on  a 
branch  of  Little  Lehigh  river  ;  a6  mile« 
S  W  of  EaQon,  and  47  N  W  by  N  of  Phil- 
adelphia.    It  contains  about  40  houl'es. 

JMiller'i-Toivii.     See  Anville. 

Millei'f  Tuivn,  in  Slirnandoah  co.  Vir- 
ginia, 3a  miles  fouth  of  Wlnchefter. 
i'wo  or  three  miles  from  this  place  is  the 
n^irrow  Pais,  foi nied  by  the  Slicnandoab 
river  cm  one  fide,  and  a  I'niall  brook 
Oil  the'  other.  It  is  about  a  rod  and  x 
half  wid-,  and  %  or  3  long;  on  each  fide 
ii  a  bank  of  about  100  feet  high. 

Mil4ex  IJIeiy  Icty  ill  the  river  St.  T^aw-* 
rence,  in  U.Canada,  are  a  group  of  fmall. 
illands,  tying  oppolite  the  totvnfliips  of 
Leeds  an<l  L.inidown, 

Mill  I/l.mJ,  ni;tr  the  N  Wend  of  Hud- 
fon's  Stiaifi;  N  N  W  of  Nbtiingham 
Ifland,  and  S  by  E  of  Cape  Comfort,  but 
nearer  to  the  latter.  N  lat.  64  36,  W 
long.  80  30. 

Millftonr,  a  fouth  branch  of  Raritoi* 
river,  in  N.  Jcrfey. 

Millflone,  a  pi<?afant  rural  villairf ,  fitnat-' 
cd  or.  the  river  of  its  name,  14  miles  N  of 
Princeton,  in  N.  J.erley,  containing  tlic? 
I'cat  of  General  Frclirigliuyfon,  and  for- 
merly the  county  town  of  Somcrfet. 
Here  is  a  poft  ofTtce. 

Milltoivn^  in  the  State  of  Delawfarr^ 
two  n\iles  from  Wilmington. 

Millto-wn,  in  NorthumbcrlandcoiPenn- 
fylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  W  branch 
of  Sufquclianuah  river,  containing  about 
60  houics,  and  14  miles  N  by  W  of  Sun-, 
bury. 

Mill-b'l'c,  A  poft  town,  Cumberland  co. 
N.  Jerley,  lyiJ  miles  N  E  from  Wafliing- 
tcn. 

Mlllivojd,  a  pofl  town,  Frederick  co. 
Virginia,  68  miles  from  Waflnngton. 

Mil:on,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  fituated  on  the  cafl  fide  of  Lake 
ChamplaiD,oppofit&  tu  iiouth  Hero  Ifland. 


M  I  N 


M  I  R 


ft  ii  divided  into  nearly  equal  parts  by 
La  Moiilc  Kivcr,  witidi  eniptic*  intittltc 
lake  in  ColcheAer,  near  the  S  I'lie  of  MiU 
ton.  The  townfliip  coataini  7  86  inhab- 
itant 1. 

Millom,  the  l/mataqitijttt,  or  Unqutly  of 
the  ancient  Indiana,  a  pofl  town  in  Nor- 
fotlc  CO.  Maflachufetti ;  adjoining  tu  Dor- 
chefter,  from  which  it  is  partly  fcparatcd 
by  Ncponfct  R.  noted  for  tlie  cM-cllcnt 
quality  of  its  water.  It  i«  7  miles  S  of 
Bodon,  and  contains  1143  inhabitants,  3 

iiaper  mills,  and  a  chocolate  mill.  It  was 
ncotporatcd  in  166;.  Milton  hill  affords 
one  of  the  lined  pruipcc^s  in  America. 

JHUlon,  a  town  in  the  co.  of  Saratoga 
in  N.  York.     It  has  212.;  inhabitants. 

Milton,  a  pod  town  in  Cayuga  co.  N. 
Yorkifituated  on  the  N  E  ilde  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  near  its  fouthern  extremity  ;  40 
miles  N  of  Tioga  river,  and  21  S  by  £  of 
the  ferry  on  the  N  end  of  Cayuga  Lake. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1794.  It  has  iss2 
inhabitants. 

Milton,  a  fmall  pod  town  in  Albemarle 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  S  W  fide  of 
the  Rivanna,  about  80  miles  N  W  by  W 
of  Richmond.  It  has  about  20  houfes  and 
a  ware>houfe  for  the  infpcdtion  of  tobac- 
co. 

Milton,  a  pod  town,  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvaiiia,  219  miles  from  Waih* 
ingtoo. 

Mimu,  Bajin  of,  or  Lit  Minn  Bay,  fome- 
time*  alio  called  Lt  Grand  Frayi ;  is  a 
gulf  on  the  S  E  fide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
into  which  its  waters  pafs  by  a  narrow 
ftrait  and  fet  up  into  Mova-Scotia  in  an  £ 
and  S  direction.  It  is  about  30  leagues 
from  the  entrance  of  Annapolis,  and  ten 
from  the  bottom  of  Bedford  Bay.  It  is  1 2 
leagues  in  length  and  3  in  breadth.  See 
Baftn  of  Minai. 

Minat,  or  D$  lot  Minas  Hill,  is  the  mid> 
dlcmod  of  the  three  hills,  defctibed  as 
marks  within  land  for  Bonaventura  Bay 
and  river,  on  the  coad  of  Peru,  in  S.  A- 
merica  :  thefe  are  S  of  Panama  Bay,  and 
in  N  lat.  3  10,  W  Ion.  7518. 

Minatte  J/U,  ie,  on  the  N  coad  of  lake 
Superior  in  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  near 
to,  and  eaderly  of  the  Grand  Portage, 
extending  to  Thunder  Bay. 

Mindtn,  a  pod  town,  Montgomery  co. 
ll»  York,  472  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Miniau  Fer,or  Iron  Mines,  on  the  £ad 
iide  of  Mifllfippi  R.  is  67  miles  N  by  £  of 
Chickafaw  R.  and  rj  Sbv  £  of  Ohio.  Here 
the  land  is  nearly  Gmilar  in  quality  to 
that  borUcrisg  011  tlte  Chickafiiw  river. 


iuterfperfcd  with  gr.ulual  rifrngx  or  fmal! 
eminences.  Tliire  wan  a  poll  at  this  placr, 
near  the  former  S  bouiid.«ry  of  Virginia. 

MinebeaJ,  a  townfliip  in  P.ffcx  co.  Ver> 
mont,  on  Conociflicut  river.  It  is  water- 
ed bv  Nulheg.-in  river,  and  has  only  27 
inhaoitants. 

Mingun  Iftanls,  on  the  N  fide  of  thr 
mouth  of  tlie  river  St.  Lawroace.  N  lat. 
JO  15,  W  long.  63  2 J. 

Minro  Town,  an  Indian  town  on  the 
W  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  86  miles  N  K 
of  Will's  Town,  by  the  Indian  Path,  and 
40  fouth-wcderly  of  Pittiburg.  It  dand>> 
a  few  miles  up  a  fmall  creek,  where  there 
arc  fprings  that  yield  the fttrtl,  a  bitumin- 
ous liquid. 

Mingoet,  an  Indian  nation  who  inhabit 
near  the  fouthern  brancli  of  the  Sciota  R. 
Warriors, .50. 

Minifink,  a  village  in  N.  Jcrfey,  on  the 
N  W  corner  of  the  State,  and  on  the  W 
fide  of  Delaware  R. ;  about  5  miles  below 
Montague,  and  57  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

Minifink,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  bounded  eaderly  by  the  Wallkill, 
and  fouthcrly  by  the  State  of  N>  Jerfey. 
It  contains  3594  inhabitants. 

Miquilon,3L  fmall  defcrt  ifland,  8  miles 
S  W  of  Cape  May  in  Newfoundland  Id. 
It  is  the  mod  wcderly  of  what  have  been 
called  the  3  iflands  of  St.  Pierre  or  St.  Pe* 
ter,  and  is  not  fo  high  as  the  other  2  ;  its 
foil  is  very,  indifferent,  and  it  is  not  more 
than  three-fourths  of  a  league  in  length. 
There  is  a  paiTage  or  channel  from  the  W 
along  by  the  N  end  of  this  ifland  into  For- 
tune Bay,  on  the  S  coad  of  Newfoundland. 
N  lat.  47  4.  W  long.  SS  5S-  It  »  fomc- 
times  called  Maguelon. 

Mitagoane,  a  town  on  the  N.  fide  of  tlie 
S  peninfula  of  the  ifl.ind  of  St.  Domingo, 
iind  S  fide  of  the  Bight  of  Leogane,  at 
the  head  of  a  bay  of  its  name.  It  is  on 
the  road  from  Jcremie  to  Port  au  Prince, 
about  3 1  leagues  £  by  S  of  the  former, 
and  23  W  by  S  of  the  htter.  N  lat.  1% 
27. 

MiramacLi,  or  Miracbi,  a  port,  bay  and 
river  on  the  N  £  coad  of  N.  Brunfwick, 
The  port  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
The  entrance  into  the  bay  is  very  wide; 
it  has  Point  Portage  for  its  northern  en- 
trance, ami  its  fouthern  fide  is  formed  br 
Bfcuminax  Point,  which  is  53  miles  N  £ 
of  Shcdiac  luibour,  and  34  S  £  of  the 
mouth  of  Nipifighit  river,  which  empties 
into  Chalcur  Bay.  There  is  a  falmon 
fiflicry  iu  Mirainachi  river. 

M':roy  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of 


Of  Cape  E 
ne  Bay. 
leagues,  a 
lie  fecure  I 
W  long.  55 

MirttaU 

French  p»i 

1 2  leagues 

foad  from 

which  lad  i 

Mifcotbin 

inhabit  Int^ 

Mifliiippi. 

Miftry,  ar 

Ann,  in  Ma 

Mijko,  an 

Jcur  Bay,  ut 

■MiJ/'>Jfaga 

of  the  river! 

the  fame  did 

head  of  the  I 

Migaffaga 

Newark,  in  I 

of  the  entran 

fite  to  the  fori 

MiJTaffugak 

to  Lake  Hurt 

ThefFalcn  riv( 

Mejfafague,. 

MiJJinabt  Li 
39  4»  N,  and 
MiJJinabe  H 
of  Moofe  riv 
lake,  and  80  ^ 
and  is  a  datioi 
^Ay  Company 
Mijp^uojb  A 
Brunfwick  pr 
the  fcveral  wi 
its  confluence 
head  of  Chign 
main  fource; 
£  line  to  the 
of  Northumbe 

MiJJlfccui. 

R 


of 


which,  with  it 
fivo-eighths  o 
their  wedern 
them  from  L™ 
^ar  Lake,  lat 
The  tributary 
*>om  the  W 
'wgcd  of  whi, 
the  wed,  and  t 
neffec  from  th( 
fides  of  the  Mi 
tary  dreams,  i, 
*a  N.  America 
*o  St  AntJion 


i 


MIS 

■of  Cap*  Breton,  ii  to  the  8  from  Morlen- 
ne  Bay.  Large  veflcit  may  go  up  6 
leagues,  and  have  gond  ancnotage,  and 
lie  fecure  from  all  windi.  N  lat.  46  5, 
W  long.  59  49. 

Mirtbaluh,  an  interior  tnwn  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
\%  leagues  N  nf  Port  au  Prince,  on  the 
road  from  that  city  to  Varettct ;  from 
which  lad  it  is  14  leagues  S  E. 

Afifioibint-,  a  fmall  tribe  uf  Indians  who 
inhabit  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the 
MifCflppi. 

Afi/try,  an  iile  between  Salem  and  Cape 
Ann,  in  Maflachufctt*. 

MiJko,in  ilUnd  on  the S  E fi Je  of  CIm- 
\tMT  Bay,  at  its  mouth. 

MiJ}aJf*ga  JJland  licdoppofite  themouth 
of  the  river  Trent  in  U.  Canada,  and  about 
the  fame  diftitnce  from  the  portage  at  the 
head  of  the  bay  of  Quinti.  Smyth, 

Mijfajfaga  Point,  in  the  towndiip  of 
Newark,  in  U.Canadi,  lies  on  the  W  fide 
of  the  entrance  of  Ningata  R.  and  oppo- 
iite  to  the  fortrefs  of  Niagara.      SmytL 

Miffajfaga  Rivir,  in  U.  Canada,  runs  in- 
to l^akc  Huron,  between  le  Serpent  and 
ThcHalcn  rivers,  on  the  N  fliore.  See 
Mtffafagutt.  Smyth. 

Mijfmabi  Laie,  in  N.  America,  lat  48. 
29  42  N,  and  long.  84  a  42  W. 

Miffinabe  Houfe  h  fituated  on  the  E  fide 
of  Moofe  river,  8  miles  from  Miflinabe 
lake,  and  80  W  by  S  of  Frederick  Houfe ; 
and  is  a  Aation  belonging  to  the  Hudfon 
Bay  Company. 

Mi/Jiquajb  River,  Nova  Scotia  aird  N. 
Brunfwick  provinces  are  feparated  by 
the  feveral  windings  of  this  river,  from 
its  confluence  with  Beau  Bafui  (at  the 
head  of  Chigncdlo  channel)  to  its  rife  or 
main  fource ;  and  from  thence  by  a  due 
£  line  to  the  bay  of  Verte,  in  the  (traits 
of  Northumberland.  See  N.  Brunftviek. 

MiJJifcaui,     See  M'uhifcouit. 

Mijftftppi  River.  This  noble  river, 
which,  with  its  eaflern  branches,  waters 
live-eighths  of  the  United  States,  forms 
their  weflern  boundary,  and  fcparates 
them  from  Louifiana.  It  rifes  in  White 
Bear  Lake,  lat.  48  x%  N,  long.  98  30  W. 
The  tributary  ftreams  which  fjdl  into  i'. 
from  the  W  and  £  are  numerous,  the 
largeft  of  which  are  the  Miflburi  from 
the  weft,  and  the  Hlinois,  Ohio,  and  Ten- 
nefTee  from  the  £.  The  country  on  botb 
fides  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  on  its  tribu- 
tary fbeams,  is  equal  in  goodnefs  to  any 
in  N.  America.  This  river  is  navigable 
te  St.  Antiioay'*  Fall*  without  any  eb- 


MIS 

AruAinn,  and  Tome  travellers  Jr fcrtbe  it 
as  navigable  above  thtm.  On  Itt.th  fidca 
of  this  river  are  fait  fpringt  or  licks, 
which  produce  r^^ccilcnt  fait ;  nnd  on  it* 
branches  are  innumerable  fuch  fprings. 
BcfidiK  the  rnni  mines  in  the  upptr  part* 
of  the  Ohio  country,  there  are  great 
quantities  of  coal  on  the  upper  hranchea 
of  this  rivrr.  Some  account  of  the  valu- 
able producftinns  on  the  bunks  of  ihia 
majeflic  river,  and  the  lands  which  it* 
branches  water,  will  be  fecn  under  the 
defcription  of  Louifiana,  Weft  Florida, 
Tcnnefiie,  Georgia,  &c.  &c.  An  illand  of 
cnnfiderahle  fixe  i»  formed  by  its  mouths, 
befidcs many  fmallef  1(1«.  Thefe  mouths 
are  fituated  between  t;  c  latitude  of  39 
and  30  N,  and  between  the  lonj^itude  '.I 
89  and  90  W.     See  Balizt. 

Miffijifiti  Ttrritory,  Tht,  if  I  jrmec  of 
the  weftern  part  of  the  Stnte  of  Gcrgi*, 
and  is  bounded  N  by  Tcnneflcc,  V  by 
the  Miffifippi  river,  S  by  W.  Florida,  E 
by  the  Appalachicola  and  Flint  rivers. 
The  principal  part  of  this  country  is  in- 
habited by  the  Creek,  Cha«Staw, «."  .' ;^- 
faw  and  Cherokee  nations  of  Indi  ns.  (t 
was  eredled  into  a  Territorial  govt  nment 
in  1800,  and  divided  into  three  counties, 
viz. 


Wafliington, 

>IHhab. 

lajo 

Pickering, 

4940 

Adams, 

46^0 

Total,  88jo,  of 
which  number,  3489  are  flaves.  Natde* 
is  the  capital.  This  country  is  water- 
ed by  many  fine  rivers,  and  contains 
large  tradts  of  fome  of  the  beft  land 
in  the  United  States.  In  Jan.  7, 1795,  the 
State  of  Georgia  '"'Id  about  30,000^00 
acres  of  this  Tc-'Kur.,  and  afterwards 
wickedly  burnt  the  records  of  the  trdnf- 
adtion.  The  bufinefs  is  in  <-i  train  of  ad- 
juflment  before  9  Board  of  Commiflloncrtf 
of  the  Unite'  States. 

Miffouri  Rivtr,  in  Louifiana,  falls  inte 
the  TJfO.fippi  from  the  weftward,  18 
miles  below  themouth  of  the  Illinois,  195 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  about 
1 160  miles  from  the  Balize,  or  mouths 
■oi  the  MifTifippi  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Hutchins  fays  it  is  navigable  1300  miles, 
and  larger  than  the  Miffifippi. 

Mijfourit,  one  of  the  Indian  nations 
who  inhabit  the  banks  of  the  above  riv- 
er, having,  it  is  faid,  1500  warriors. 

Mifiatc  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  W  fide 
of  the  entraacc  of  Davis's  Straits,  and 

f 


« 


■!■    '"^I      '*«■ 


J 


MOB 


M  O  H 


to  tlie  N  of  Hiidfon's  Straits ;  from 
which  it  is  I'eparatcd  by  a  peniiiiula 
of  the  N  main  on  the  W,  and  R(fo> 
iution  UlAvd  en  the  S.  It  is  to  the 
N  E  of  Nicva  llland,  and  N  W  of  Cape 
Elizabet!). 

Mijlaken  Cape,  the  S  point  of  the  eaft- 
crnmofl  uf  the  Hermit's  IHands,  is  about 
3  leagues  E  N  E  from  Cape  tlorn,  at  the 
extremity  of  S.  America.  Between  thel'e 
it  is  fuppofcd  there  is  a  paOage  into 
Xtfaflaii  Bay, 

Mifiaken  Po'tn*,  to  the  weftw.ird  of  Cape 
Race,  at  the  S  F.  point  of  the  Ifland  of 
Newfoundland,  and  to  tlie  eaftward  of 
Cape  Pine,  is  fo  called  becaufc  it  ha^  been 
frequently  miftakcn  by  feamen  tor  Cape 
Race  when  they  iirft  make  the  ifland  from 
the  foutliward,  though  it  is  %  leagues  W 
N  W  from  it. 

Mijlic,  or  Myflic,  a  fliort  river  which 
falls  into  the  N  lidc  of  Bollon  harbout, 
by  a  broad  mouth  on  the  £  iide  of  tlic 
peninfula  of  Charleftown.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  floops  4  miles  to  the  induftiious 
town  of  Medford  ;  and  is  eroded,  a  mile 
above  its  mouth,  by  a  bridge  130  rods 
in  length,  and  by  another  at  its  month. 
The  Middlefex  canal  conncdls  this  river 
with  the  Merrimack. 

Miu/jcU'j  Eddy,  the  firft  falls  of  Merri- 
mack river,  20  miks  from  its  mouth,  and 
8  above  Haverhill.  Thus  far  it  is  navi- 
gable for  fliips  of  burden. 

Mitcbigamat,  an  Indian  nation,  who 
with  the  Piorias  inhabit  near  the  ffttle- 
nients  in  the  Illinois  country.  See  Fkrias, 

Moagei  Jflands,  on  the  N  coaft  of  S. 
America,  in  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Venezuela.  Thejr  extend  from  N  to  S, 
and  lie  W  of  the  idand  of  Aruba ;  are  8 
or  9  in  number,  and  .ill,  except  one,  Vow, 
flat  and  full  of  trees.  The  fouthernmoft 
is  the  large  0. 

Mobile,  a  large  navigable  river,  formed 
by  two  main  branches,  tha  Alabama,  and 
Tonibeckbee,  in  the  fouthwcftcrrx  part  of 
Georgia,  juft  below  a  confideraMc  ifland, 
the  >S  point  of  which  is  in  about  \,\X.  31 
46  N,  and  long.  87  ss  W'.  Thence  pur- 
fuing  a  S  courleinto  W.  Florida,  the  Cv)n- 
flutnt  flrcam  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mtxiio 
at  Mobile  Point  in  lat.  ;;tc  17  N,  1 1  leagu(  s 
below  the  "-own  of  Mobile.  I^arge  veficls 
cannot  j;o  within  7  miles  of  the  town. 
The  breadth  of  the  bay  is  in  genera!  about 
3  or  4  leagues.  Vaft  numbers  of  large 
alligators  hafk  on  the  flioro,  as  well  as 
i^ini  in  the  rivers  and  lagoons.  Sec 
Georgia,  Aiabiima,  TovtbtMee,  &c.     From 


the  northeaAern  fo«rce  of  the  waters  of 
the  Alabama  to  Mobile  Point,  at  the 
mouth  of  Mobile  Bay,  is,  according  to 
the  beil  maps,  about  460  miles :  large 
boats  can  navigate  350  miles,  and  canoes 
much  farther. 

Mobile,  a  city  of  W.  Florida,  formerly 
of  confiderabie  fplcndor  and  importance, 
but  now  in  a  ftate  nf  decline.  It  is  pret- 
ty regular,  of  m»  oblong  figure,  and  fitua- 
ted  on  the  W  bank  of  the  river.  The 
Bay  of  Mobile  terminates  a  little  to  the 
northcaftward  of  the  town,  in  a  number 
of  marflies  and  lagoons ;  which  fubjc«Sl  the 
people  to  fevers  and  agues  in  the  hot 
ieafon.  It  is  33  miles  N  of  Mobile  Point, 
about  40  below  the  jundlion  of  the  two 
principal  branches  of  Mobile  river,  and 
30  W  N  W  of  Penfacola.  There  are 
many  very  elegant  houfes  here,  inhabited 
by  French,  Englifli,  Scotch,  and  Irilh. 
Fort  Condc,  wliich  (lands  very  near  tlic 
bay,  towards  the  lower  end  of  the  town, 
is  a  regular  fortrcfs  of  brick ;  and  there 
is  a  neat  fquare  of  barracks  for  the  oth- 
cers  and  folcliers.  Mobile,  when  in  pof- 
ftilion  of  the  Britifli,  fent  yearly  to  Lon- 
don  fkins  and  furs  to  the  value  of  from 
I  z  to  ;^  t5,oco  flcrling.  It  furrcndered  to 
the  Spanilli  forces  in  1780. 

Muhjack  Buy,  fets  up  N  W  from  Chcf- 
apeak  Bay,  into  Gloucefter  co.  Virginia, 
on  the  N  fide  of  York  river. 

Macoa,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,S.  Amer- 
ica, fituated  at  the  main  fource  of  Oro- 
noko  river,  there  called  Inirchia. 

Mccomoio,  or  Little  Oronoko,  a  river  to 
the  S  E  of  the  great  river  Oronoko,  on 
the  E  coaft  of  S.  America,  4  leagues  wtft- 
w;.id  of  Amacum. 

Modcr  and  Davghters  JJlands,  a  long 
illand  %  leagues  £  by  S  of  the  Father,  or 
Vaadcr  Illand,  with  %  fmall  ones,  fo  call- 
ed, near  Cayenne,  on  the  £  coaft  of  S, 
America,  not  far  from  the  Conftables, 
and  in  about  lat.  5  N,  long.  52  W. 

M'lghulbugbkitum,  or  MubulbucHtitum,  a 
creek  which  runs  weftward  to  Alleghany 
river,  in  Pennfylvania.  It  is  paftable  in 
ftat-bottomed  boats  to  the  fctticments  iu 
Northumberland  county.  Wheeling  is  its 
northern  branch. 

MJjaivl  Bay,  in  Frederickfburg,  Upper 
Canniia,  lies  oppofite  to  the  Mohawk  fet- 
tlemcnt,  and  clofe  to  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Appanncc. 

Mohaifk  Rivtr,  in  N  York,  rifes  to  the 
northward  of  Fort  Stanwix, about  8  miles 
from  Black,  or  Sable  R.  a  water  of  Lake 
Ontario,  and  runs  fouthwardly  no  miles 


\.  V     '* 


M  O  H 


M  O  H 


the 

Lake 
miles 


to  the  fort,  then  eaftward  no  miles,  and 
after  receiving  many  tributary  nreamB,falls 
into  HudCon's  river,  hy  three  mouths  op- 
poiite  to  the  cities  of  Lanilnburgh  and 
Troy.fromy  to  lomiitsNof  Albany.  The 
produce  that  is  conveyed  down  this  riv- 
er is  landed  at  Schenc«flady,  on  it»  S  bank, 
and  is  thence  conveyed  by  land  i6  miles, 
over  a  barren,  Tandy,  fliriib  plain,  to  Al- 
bany. It  is  in  contemplation  cither  to 
cut  a  canal  from  Schcne<5tddy  to  the  nav- 
igable waters  of  Hudlon's  river,  or  to  ef- 
tablifli  a  turnpike  road  between  Schenec- 
tady and  Albany.  This  fine  river  is  now 
navigable  for  boats,  from  Schcnetftady, 
nearly  or  quite  to  its  fource,  the  locks 
and  canals  round  the  Little  Falls,  56 
miles  above  Albany,  having  been  com- 
pleted in  the  Autumn  of  1795;  i'o  that 
itoats  full  loaded  now  pafs  them.  The 
canal  round  them  is  nearly  ^  of  a  mile, 
cut  almod  the  whole  diilance  through 
am  uncommonly  hard  rock.  The  open- 
ing of  this  navigation  is  of  great  advan- 
tage to  tlic  commerce  of  the  State.  A 
fhorc  of  at  lead  1000  miles  in  length  is, 
in  confequence  of  it,  waflicd  by  boatable 
waters,  exclufivc  of  all  the  great  lakes ; 
and  many  millions  of  acres  of  excellent 
tillage  land,  rapidly  fettling,  are  accom- 
modated with  water  communication  for 
conveying  their  produce  to  market.  The 
intervals  on  both  fides  of  this  river  are 
of  various  width ;  and,  now  and  then  in- 
terrupted by  the  projedlion  of  the  hills 
quite  to  the  banks  ot  the  river,  are  fome 
of  the  tichcfland  licft  lands  in  the  world. 
The  fine  farms  which  embrace  thtfc  in- 
tervals, are  owned  and  cultivated  princi- 
pally by  Dutch  people,  whofe  mode  of 
managing  them  would  admit  of  great  im- 
provement. The  manure  of  their  barns 
they  coniider  ac  anuifance,  and  inflead  of 
fprcading  it  on  their  upland,  which  they 
think  of  little  value,  (their  meadow  lands 
do  not  require  it)  thiy  either  let  it  remain 
for  years  in  heaps,  and  remove  their 
barns  when  accefs  to  them  becomes  diffi- 
cult, or  elfe  throw  it  into  the  river,  or  the 
gullies  and  ftreams  which  communicate 
with  it.  The  banks  of  this  river  were 
formerly  thickly  fctrlcd  with  Indians. 
At  the  period  when  Albany  was  fiifl  fet- 
tled, it  i>as  been  faid  by  refpci^able  au- 
thority, that  there  were  8ao  warriors  in 
SchenciStady  ;  and  that  3C0  warriors  liv- 
ed within  a  fpace  which  is  now  occupied 
ac  one  farm.  The  Cohuez  in  this  river 
are  a  great  curiofity  ;  they  are  3  miles 
from  it*  entrance  into  the  Hudfou.    The 


river  is  about  1000  feet  wide  ;  the  fOCfc 

over  which  it  pours,  ar.  over  a  mill.dani, 

extends  from  S  \V  to  N  E  almofl  in  a  line 

from  one   lide  of  the  river  to  the  other, 

and  is  about  40  feet  perpendicular  height, 

Hud  including  the  defcent  above,  the  fall 

is  as  much  a.s   60  or  70  I'eet.     About  a 

mile  below  the  falls,  is  a  handfomc  bridge, 

flniflied  in  Ju!y,  1795.     It  is  iioo  feet  iu 

length,  24  in  breadth,  and  15  feet  above 

the  bed  of  the  river,  which  for  the  moft 

part  is  rock,  and  is  fupported  by  thirteen 

folid  ftone  pillars.     Including  the  cxpenfe 

of  cutting  through  a  ledge  on  the  N  £ 

'  fide  of  the  river,  it  colt  j  2,coo  dollars. 

;  It  is  now  out  of  repair.    The  river  im- 

j  mediately  below  the  bridge   divides  into 

j  three  branches,  which  form  feveral  large 

■  iflands.     "^I'he  branches  are  forii,il-le  at 

lew  water,  but  are  dangerous.     From  the 

bridge  you  have  a  fine  view  of  the  Co- 

!  hoez  on  the  N  W. 

I  Mbbatci,  or  Coalijuago,  a  branch  of  Del- 
I  aware  river.  Its  courl'e  from  its  fource  in 
Lake  Uifayanthc  is  S  W45  miles,  tliciice 
S  E  12  miles,  when  it  mingles  with  the 
Popachton  branch ;  thence  the  confluent 
(Ircam  is  called  Delaware. 

Mohaivk,  formerly  a  town  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  in  Montgonitry 
CO.  N.  York,  fituated  in  one  of  the  moft 
fertile  countries  in  the  world.  It  wris 
abandoned  by  the  Mohawk  Inc^ians  in 
the  fpring  of  1780,  See  Kunler  I'uit,  and 
Flotida, 

Moljatvkt,  an  Indian  nation,  r.cknowl- 
edged  by  the  other  tribes  of  the  Six  Na-  • 
tions  to  be  "  the  true  old  heads  of  the 
confederacy."     They  were  formerly  very 
powerful,  and  inhabited  rn  Mohawk  riv- 
er.    As  they  were   ftmngly   attached  to 
the  Johnfon  family,  on  account  of  Sir 
William  Jotialoii,  a  part  of  thtmeniigta-  • 
ted  to  Canada  with  Sir  Joliii  Johnlon,  as 
early  as  the  year   1776.     About  300  of 
this  nation  now  rcfidc  in  Upper  Canada.  ■ 
See  Hunter  Furt,  and  Hlx  NnUoitt, 

MiLiiivt  SritUment,   bay  of  Quiiiti,  U. 
Canada  is  W  of  Richmond,  and  compre- 
heiided  between  the  river  Shannon  and  ' 
Bowen's  creek. 

Mihoivk  nilage,  on  the  Grsr  d  River, 
or  Oufe  in  Upper  Canada,  is  the  piinci- 
pal  village  of  the  Six  Nations,  in  the  tratT: 
purehaftd  from  the  MiflVfljiga  n.it'on  lor 
thtm  by  his  prefmt  ni;ijifiy,  on  account 
of  their  loyalty  and  attaihnitiit  during 
the  late  revolution,  in  whith  they  iolt 
their  polTcflion."!  on  the  Milifvl  river. 
This  trat^  is  lOO  miki>  long, and  1 :  wide, 
■'  -      ■  inUrlttlcd 


i;f  > 


f»' 


it 


J** 


M  O  L 


M  O  N 


intcrfcAed  by  Grand  River,  from  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Eric  upwards.  This  is 
the  refidence  of  their  principal  chief, 
Capt.  Jofeph  Brant.  The  village  is  beau- 
tifully lituated,  has  a  neat  church  with  a 
fleeple,  a  fchool  houfe,  and  a  council 
houfe ;  and  not  far  from  it  is  a  grift  and 
faw  mill.  Thefe  buildings  have  for  the 
moft  part  been  eredled  by  government, 
who  now  pay  a  miller,  fchoolmader,  and 
a  blackfmith,  for  their  fervices  at  the  vil- 
lage ;  and  the  fociety  for  propagating  the 
gofpcl  make  an  allowance  to  a  clergy- 
man, of  the  eflHblifhed  church,  for  occa- 
fional  vifits  made  to  thefe  tribes.  The 
liturgy  of  the  church  of  England  has  been 
tranflatcd  into  the  Mohawk  language,  and 
printed  for  the  aSc  of  the  Six  Nation  In- 
flians.  Smyth. 

In  1800,  this  nation,  the  Seneca  and 
Oneida  Pagans,  revived  their  cuftom  of 
facrificing  white  dogs  to  their  gods,  which 
}iad  been  ncgledted  30  years ;  on  the 
ground  that  the  neglcdl  of  this  facrifice 
had  been  one  caufe  of  their  various  mif- 
fortunes. 

Jk2«i((>^an,rituated  between  Norwich  and 
New  London,  in  Conne<flicut.  This  is 
the  refidence  of  the  remaining  few  of  the 
Mohegan  tribe  of  Indians.  A  conildera- 
ble  part  of  the  remains  of  this  tribe  late- 
ly removed  to  Oneida  with  the  late  Mr. 
Oceom.     See  Brotbirttnvn. 

Mobitctify  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  in- 
habit on  a  branch  of  the  Snfquehannah, 
between  Chagnet  and  Owegy.  They  were 
reckoned  by  Hutchins,  about  30  years 
ago,  at  100,  out  by  Imlay,  in  1 773,  at  only 
70  fighting  men.  They  were  formerly  a 
confederate  tribe  of  the  Delawares.  Alfo 
an  Indian  tribe,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
who  inhabit  near  Sanduflcy,  and  between 
the  Sciota  and  Muikingura.  Warriors, 
6a 

Mom/,  a  river  uf  Louifiana,  which  emp- 
ties from  the  N  W  into  the  Mit&fippi,  in 
lat.  40  %o  N.  The  Sioux  Indians  defcend 
by  this  river. 

Moijie  Xivtr,  on  the  N  fliore  of  the  St. 
Liwrence  in  L.  Canada,  a  little  E  of  the 
Seven  Iflands. 

Male,  The,  is  fituated  in  the  N  W  part 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  «  leagues  £ 
of  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  and  is  often  called 
by  that  name.  The  Moie,  though  infe- 
rior by  a  great  deal,  to  Cape  Francois 
and  Port  au  Prince,  is  the  flrft  port  in 
the  ifland  for  fafcty  in  timi'  of  war,  being 
ftrongly  fortified  both  by  nature  and  art. 
Count  D'Eftiting,  under  whofe  dirctStion 


thefe  works  were  conftrudled,  intended 
to  have  eftablilhed  here  the  feat  of  the 
French  government ;  but  the  produdtions 
of  its  dependences  were  of  too  little  value 
to  engage  his  fuccelTors  to  carry  his  plan 
into  tScA ;  fo  that  it  is  now  no  more  than 
a  garrifon.  It  has  a  beautiful  and  fafe  port, 
j  and  is  confidered  as  the  healthicft  fitua- 
tion  in  St.  Domingo,  by  reafon  of  the  pu- 
rity of  its  fprings.  The  exports  from 
Jan.  I,  1789  to  December  3X,of  the  fame 
year,  were  only  a45»6i5lb.  coffee — 26,861 
lb.  cotton— 2,8231b.  indigo,  and  other 
fmall  articles  to  the  value  of  129  livres. 
The  value  of  duties  on  exportation  1,250 
dollars  21  cents.  It  is  4  leagues  W  of 
Jean  Rabcl,  ix  N  W  of  Bombardc,  36  W 
of  Cape  Francois,  and  17^  W  by  S  of  Port 
de  Paix.     N  lat.  19  50,  W  long.  75  48. 

Moline's  Gut,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the 
iflaiKl  of  St.  Chriftopher'g  in  the  W.Indies, 
is  the  firft  rivulet  to  the  S  E  of  Brimftone 
Hill,  near  the  mouth  of  which  is  anchor- 
age in  5  and  10  fathoms,and  a  clear  fliore; 
tnit  to  the  eaftward  of  it  are  £bme  funken 
rocks. 

AfoHtfOr  La  Gumon,  or  Tbe  Mme,  a  fmal! 
ifland,  i  ii(  leagues  S  W  of  Point  I'Epee, 
which  is  the  fouthwefternmoft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  St.l)omingo,  and  I4f  leagues 
W  of  the  S  W  point  of  the  ifland  of  Porto 
Rico.  It  is  1  leagues  from  E  to  W  and  a 
little  more  from  N  to  S.  It  has  feveral 
ports  for  fmall  vcflfels,  plenty  of  good 
water,  and  all  that  would  be  neceflary 
for  fettlemcnts  of  culture,  and  the  breed- 
ing of  cattle.  Its  fruit  trees,  and  partic- 
ularly the  orange,  are  much  extolled.  A 
league  and  a  half  N  W  of  Mona  is  a  very 
fmall  ifl^md,  called  Moni<2ue,or  the  Little 
Monkey. 

Monadnock,  Great,  a  mountain  fituated 
in  Chefhirc  co.  N.  Hampfliirc,  between 
the  towns  of  Jaffrey  and  Dublin,  xo  miles 
N  of  MafTachufetts  line,  and  Z2  miles  £ 
of  ConneAicut  river.  The  foot  of  the 
hill  is  1395  feet,  and  its  fummtt  3254  feet, 
above  the  level  of  the  fea.  Its  bafe  is  5 
miles  in  diameter  from  N  to  8,  and  3 
from  E  to  W.  On  the  fides  are  fomc  ap- 
pearances of  fubterraneous  fites.  Its  fum- 
mit  is  a  bald  rock. 

Monmlnoek,  Upper  Great,  a  high  moun- 
tain, in  Canaan,  in  the  N  £  corner  of  the 
State  of  Vermont. 

Monaban,  a  townihip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Monday  Bay,  on  the  S  fliofc  of  the 
it-aits  of  Magellan,  In  that  part  of  the 


(haiti  caUed  the  Long  Beach. 


It  i(  near- 
ly 


ty  S  of  B 

the  ftrait, 

ao  fathom 

Monday 

leagues  W 

53  i»,  W 

Mong^m. 

S.  Pacific  i 

barbour  ol 

fiermejo  n 

former  pla 

it.     Meng( 

mountain  j 

than  any  o 

Mongen, 

of  St.Domii 

fialioruco 

nearly  S  of 

A&nbega/ 

in  the  Atlai 

eriy  of  Pen 

Maine,  and 

a  number  o 

St.  George's 

ed  his  party 

aeys  and  rei 

to  be  leen. 

Meneteu  ^ 

lie  towards  1 

towards  its  ] 

Tcr  Ifland;. 

Mouitam, 

Vermont,  E 

ants. 

MOttitOK,  I 

Nova  Scotia] 
a  few  familie 
partly  on  tJ 
partly  on 
chiefly  of  wd 
contains  abc 
MoHclavaX 
ikmerica,  fit[ 
MonmouthX 
}tTU:Y,  of  a 
length,  and 
bounded  nI 
W  by  Middl 
and  £  by  tH 
6  townfliipgJ 
tants,  incluq 
of  the  countl 
but  few  hillJ 
we  the  highl 
tre-Hill.  Sc^ 
the  county  ; 
parts  arc  fer 
cave»  now  iil 
fink  river,  3  j 
contain*  tl» 


If  h 


M  O  N 


M  O  N 


ly  S  of  Buckley  Pointy  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  (Irait,  and  affords  good  anchorage  in 
ao  fathoms. 

Monday,  a  cape  in  the  above  Straits,  7 
leagues  W  N  W  of  Cape  North.  S  iat 
53  14,  W  long.  75  10. 

Moitgm,  on  the  coail  of  Peru,  on  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  xo  leagues  N  of  the 
barbour  of  Gu*rmey,  and  4  leagues  from 
Bcrmejo  Ifland,  which  lies  between  the 
former  places.  Cafma  is  4  leagues  Nof 
it.  Mongon  is  known  at  fea  by  a  great 
mountain  juftover  it^which  is  feeii  farther 
than  any  others  on  this  part  of  the  coaft. 

Mongon,  Cape,  on  the  S  iidc  of  the  ifland 
of  St.Domingo,  is  30QO  fathoms  N  of  Point 
Balioruco  and  the  river  Nayauco,  and 
nwrly  S  of  the  little  part  of  Petit  Trou. 

MmbegoH,  or  Mtnbegan^  a  fmali  ifland 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  i  z  miles  foutheaft- 
erly  of  Peroaquid  Point,  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  and  in  lat.  4  3  43.  North  of  it  are 
a  number  of  fmall  iflcs  at  the  mouth  of 
St.  George's  river.  Captain  Smith  land* 
ed  his  party  here  in  1614.  The  chim' 
neys  and  remains  of  the  houfes  are  yet 
to  be  Ceen. 

Manetmi  IJlands,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
Ke  towards  the  £  fide  of  Michigan  Lake, 
towards  its  N  end,  and  fouthward  of  Bea- 
ver Iflands. 

MiMktQit,  a  pofl:  town  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  £  of  Ferriiburg,  loSo  inhabit- 
ants. 

Manktom,  a  townfhip  in  Annapolis  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  inhabited  by  Acadians,  and 
a  few  families  from  New  England.  It  lies 
partly  on  the  bafon  of  Annapolis^  and 
partly  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  and  confids 
chieny  of  wood-land  and  fait  marfh.  It 
contains  about  60  families. 

Motulava,  a  town  of  New  Leon,  N. 
America,  fituated  S  £  of  Conchos. 

MoHmouiby  a  large  maritime  co>  of  N. 
Jerf«y,  of  a  triangular  fhape,  80  miles  in 
length,  and  from  25  to  40  in  breadth ; 
bounded  N  by  part  of  Raritan  Bay,  N 
W  by  Middlcfex  co.  S  W  by  Burlington, 
and  £  by  the  ocean.  It  is  divided  into 
6  townfliipg,  and  contains  19,87'Z  inhabi- 
tants, including  1633  (laves.  The  face 
of  the  county  is  generally  level,  having 
but  few  hills.  The  mod  noted  of  thefc 
ate  the  high  lands  of  Navefink  nnd  Cen- 
tre-Hill. See  MiMiioiun.  A  great  part  of 
the  county  is-  of  a  fandy  foil ;  but  other 
parts  are  fertile.  There  is  a  very  cunous 
cave»  now  in  ruins,  at  the  mouth  of  Nave- 
fink river,  30  feet  long  and  15  wide,  and 
contain*  three  acchcd  a^Mtmeats. 


Mtnmoutb,  or  trethold,  a  pod  town  and 
capital  of  the  above  eo.  iituated  zz  milea 
N  £  by  £  of  AUcntown,  34  £  of  Tren- 
ton, 14  S  W  by  S  of  Shrcwlbury,  and  64 
N  £  by  £  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  a  few  compa(fl^ 
dwelling  houfes.  Here  is  a  Prcfbytetian 
and  Baptid  mectinghoufe.  This  town  i» 
remarkable  for  th«  battle  fought  within 
its  limits  June  47,  1778,  between  the 
armies  of  General  Wafhington,  and  Sir 
Henry  Clinton.  The  latter  having  evac- 
uated Philadelphia,  was  on  his  march  to 
New  York.  The  lofs  of  the  Americans^ 
in  killed  and  wounded,  was  about  250  ; 
that  of  the  Britidi,  inclufiveof  prifoners, 
was  about  350.  The  Britifli  purfued 
their  Qiatch  the  night  after,  without  the 
lofs  of  their  covering  party  or  baggage;. 
See  BteeloU, 

Monmoutb,  a  pod  town  in  Lincoln  coi 
fituated  on  the  £  fide  of  Androfcoggiii 
river,  16  miles  W  by  S  of  Hallowell  court- 
houfe,  49  N  of  Portland,  and  has  70E 
inhabitants. 

Monmoutb  Cape,  on  the  £  fide  of  the 
Straits  of  Magellan. 

Monmoutb  JJla/ul,  one  of  the  four  ifland» 
uf  Royal  Reach,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, and  the  fecond  from  the  weftward. 

Monocacy,  a  river,  which,  after  a  S  S  W 
courfe,  empties  into  the  Patowmac,  about 
50  miles  above  Georgetown. 

Mtmongabela  River,  a  branch  of  the 
Ohio,  400  yards  wide  at  its  jundlion  with 
the  Alleghany  at  Pittfburg.  It  is  decp^ 
gentle  and  navigable  with  batteaux  anct 
barges  beyond  Red  Stone  Creek,  and  ftill 
further  with  lighter  craft.  It  rife*  at  the 
foot  of  the  Laurel  Mountain  in  Virginia; 
thence  meandering  in  a  N  by  £  diredlion, 
pafl!es  into  Pennfylvania,  and  receives 
Cheat  river  from  the  S  S  E,  thence  wind- 
ing in  a  Nby  W  courfe,  feparates  Fayette 
and  Weftmoreland  from  Wafliington  co. 
and  palling  into  Alleghany  co.  joins  the 
Alleghany  river  at  Pittfburg  and  form» 
the  Oiiio.  It  is  300  yards  wide  iz  or  15 
miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  receives 
the  Voughiogany  from  the  S  E,  which  is^ 
navigable  with  batteaux  and  barges  toi 
the  foot  of  Laurel  hill.  Thence  to  Red 
Stone,  at  Fort  Byrd,  by  water  is  50  miles, 
by  land  30.  Thence  to  the  mouth  of 
Cheat  rivpj,  by  water  40  miles,  by  land 
28;  the  width  continuing  at  300  yards, 
and  the  navigation  good  for  boats.  Thence 
the  width  is  about  zoo  yards  to  the  wed- 
ern  fork,  50  miles  higher,  and  the  navi- 
gaftioa-fce^uently  interrupted  by  rapid.«; 

wbiehj 


M  0  N 


M  O  N 


■which,  however,  with  a  fwcll  of  «  or  3 
feet,  become  very  pafTablc  for  boats.  It 
then  admits  light  boats,  except  in  dry  fea- 
fons,  65  miles  further,  to  the  head  of  Ty- 
gart's  Valley,  prefcnting  only  feme  fmall 
rapids  and  f^Ilsof  i  or  a  feet  perpendic- 
ular, and  lefTcning  in  its  width  to  20 
yards.  The  wcftern  fork  is  navigable  in 
the  winter,  towards  the  northern  branch 
of  the  Little  Kanhawa,  and  will  admit 
a  good  waggon  road  to  it.  From  the 
navigable  waters  of  the  foutheaflernmoft 
branch  of  the  Monongshcla,  there  is  a 
portage  of  10  miles  to  the  S  branch  of  Pa- 
towmac  river.  The  hills  oppofite  Pittf- 
burg  on  the  hanks  of  tiiLs  river,  which  are 
at  leaft  ,,00  feet  high,  appear  to  be  one 
folid  body  of  coal.  On  the  Pike  Run  of 
this  river,  a  coal  hill  has  been  on  iire  10 
years ;  yet  It  lias  burnt  away  only  20 
yards. 

MonengaFia,  a  co.  in  the  N  W  psrt  of 
Virginia,  al)out  40  miles  long,  and  30 
broad,  and  contains  854c  inhabitants. 

Monpox,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,  about 
IS  niiies  S  E  by  E  of  Tolu. 

Monroe,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  taken  from 
Green  Briar,  on  the  S  fide.  At  the  court- 
houfe  is  a  poll  olBce,  320  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Monfajsr  Bay,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  is 
feparated  from  Shccplcut  river  by  the 
illapfl  of  Jercmyfq'iam. 

Jlfonp,,},  A  towniliip  in  H;(nipfliire  co. 
^afllichiifc'tts.  E  of  I5rimfielcl. 

Af.m/ief,  the  third  trihe  in  rank  of  the 
Delaware  nation  of  lndi;ins. 

Montague,  atowpfliip  in  Hur.iptiiire  co. 
Mafiachuietcs.on  the  E  Iwnk  ol  CoaiictT:!- 
cut  R.  abov-  .Sunderland,  about  t8  Tni'*;s 
N  of  North<imptoii,  and  90  miles  W  by 
N  of  Boftoii.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1753,  and  contains  1222  inhabitants.  A 
bridge  unitt";  tliis  town  with  Greenfield, 
which  is  on  the  oppolite  fide  of  the  river. 
It  confifls  of  f<>vir  arclics,  and  is  620  feet 
long  Piid  30  wide. 

Mo::!a^ur,  the  northerimofl  townfliip 
in  N.  Tcrfey,  is  iituatcd  in  Siill'ex  co.  0:1 
the  E  fiJe  nf  Dchwarc  R.  ;\bo'vt  5  miles 
N  E  ot  Minifink,  and  i"  N  ot  Newtowo. 

Muiilariif,  the  l!i-i>c;ft  of  the  fm:!'l 
idar.ds  in  Prince  W'l Ilium's  .Soniid,  on  the 
N  W  court  ot  Nortli  Amti-ica, 

Montdjue  'Town /i)  if),  in  U.  Canada.  I  its 
partly  in  liie  <■().  :>(  Grcem'ille,  Miii  \wrt. 
iy  in  Lc  •  's,  to  the  n.'uthwar'!  in'  Wol- 
forJ.  ;•  kl  i..  wailicd  i>V  tiic  ris'tr  Railc.iu. 

^■■•invii-  P'jint,  the  cafterii  ix'rem- 
ity  of  Long  Ml^ndj  N.  Vork.     A  trad 


here,  called  Turtle  Hill,  han  been  ceJeJ 
to  the  U.  States  for  thepurpofe  of  build- 
ing a  light-houfe  thereon. 


hay,  town,  and! 

the  ifland  of  St. 

a  very  high  hill, 

led  by  the  French, 

It  is  lituated  in 

ng-  74  9  30  W  of 

land  joins  it  to 

Jhrirt,  and  it  is 

ipe  has  been  ta- 

14  leagues  N  £ 

'here  it  may  be 


Monte  Cbrijt,  a  cap" 
river,  on  the  N  fide  o- 
Domingo.  The  cape  . 
in  the  form  of  a  tent,  e  ■: 
Cape  la  Grange,  or  Batr 
lat.  19  54  30  N,  and  in 
Paris.  A  ftrip  of  leve 
the  territory  of  Monte 
owing  to  this  that  the 
ken  for  an  Ifland.  It  i 
by  E  of  Cape  Francois, 
feen  in  a  clear  dav,  witli  the  naked  eye 
After  doubling  this  cape,  we  find  the  bay 
of  Monte  Chrift  running  nearly  S  W. 
It  is  formed  by  Cape  la  Grange;  on  one 
fide,  and  Pointe  des  Dunes  (Down  Point) 
on  the  other ;  about  6,500  fathoms  afun- 
der.  The  bay  is  about  1400  fathoms- 
deep,  and  its  winding  is  nearly  4  leagues. 
About  900  fathoms  from  the  cape,  de- 
fcending  the  bay,  we  find  the  little  illand 
of  Monte  Chrift,  350  fathoms  from  the 
fliorc.  One  may  fail  between  the  two, 
with  2, 4  and  5  fathoms  water  ;  and  about 
150  fathoms  further  on,  is  anchorage  in 
from  6  to  to  fathoms*  A  league  and  a 
quarter  from  Cape  La  Grange,  is  a  batte- 
ry intended  to  protet?t  a  landing  placer 
of  100  fathoms  wide,  which  is  below,  and 
oppoGte  the  town  of  Monte  Chrift-  The 
town  of  Monte  Chrift,  ftandiiig  at  800 
fathoms  from  the  fea  fide,  rifes  in  an  am- 
phitheatre on  the  fide  of  the  coaft,  which 
is  very  high  all  round  this  bav..  The 
town  ;3  200  f.ithoms  fquare,  which  fpace 
i.s  divided  into  9  parts,  cut  by  tw»  ftreets 
"iirunf  troni  E  to  W,  and  two  Others 
frc::i  N  to  S.  It  was  founded  in  1533, 
ab-indoned  fn  1606, and  is  now  but  a  poor 
place,  deftitute  of  every  refource  but  that 
of  cattle  railed  in  its  territory,  and  fold 
to  the  French.  The  town  and  territory 
contain  about  3,000  fouls.  There  is  a 
trifling  garrifon  at  Monte  Chrift.  About 
a  Icijoue  from  the  battery,  following  the 
winding  of  the  bay,  is  the  river  of  Monte 
Chrift,  or  more  properly,  the  river  Yaqui. 
The  !and  round  the  town  is  barren  and 
frmdy ;  and  the  river  contains  great  num- 
bers of  crocodiles.  Monte  Chrift  is  a 
;ii>rt  well  known  to  American  fr.iugglers, 
;ifi  c.irriis  o;;  a  great  commerce,  from  its 
^■icinity  to  the  French  plantations.  In 
<\\t  time  of  pi^acc,  all  the  produce  of  thj 
;ih)in  ot  Maril;()ux, lituated  between  Port 
Dc'upJiiii  and  Mancenillc  Bay,  is  fhipped 
here,  und  in  a  war  between  France  and 

Britain* 


M  O  N 


M  O  N 


■% 


^Britain,  it  ufcd  to  be  a  grand  market,  to 
which  all  the  French'  in  the  north  part  of 
the  ifland  lent  their  produce,  and  where 
purchafers  <vcrc  always  ready. 

Monte  CbtiJI,  a  chain  of  mountains 
which  extend  parallel  to  the  nc^rth  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  from  the  bay 
of  Moate  Ch'rift,  to  the  bay  of  Samana  on 
the  E.  Two  large  rivc»s  run  in  oppofitc 
direiSttons  along  the  fouthern  fide  of  this 
chain.  The  river  Monte  Chrift  or  Ya- 
q\i€  in  a  W  by  S  diredlion,  and  Yuna 
river  in  an  £  by  S  courfe  to  the  bay  of 
Samana.  They  both  rife  near  La  Vega, 
and  have  numerous  branches. 

Montega  Bay,  is  on  the  N  tee  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  ao  miles  E  by  N  of  Lo- 
cea  harbour,  and  at  W  of  Martha  Brae. 
This  was  formerly  a  flouriihing  and  opu- 
fent  town  ;  it  canfided  of  aaj  houl'es,  33 
of  which  were  capital  (Vores,  and  contain- 
ed about  6do  white  inhabitants.  The 
number  of  topfail  veflcls  which  cleared 
innually  at  this  port  were  about  150,  of 
which  70  were  capital  fliips;  but  in  this 
account  are  included  part  of  thofe  which 
Entered  at  Kingflon.  This  fine  town  was 
almoil  totally  defl^oyed  by  an  accidental 
fire,  in  July,  1795;  the  damage  was  cAi- 
ihated  at  ^200,000  (lerling. 
,  MoHteray^a.  ba'y  and  fort  of  California. 
In  the  bay  whales  fpor<  in  great^'numbcrs  ; 
fogs  bften  obfciirc  the  coaft.  The  gov- 
ernor of  ^e  Cafifornias  reGdes  here. 
With  a8a  cavalry  he  keeps  in  awe  jo.ooo 
Indians ;  io.boo  of  thefe*  havi  embraced 
Chriftianity,     Sec  California: 

Monievideoy  4  bay  and  town  Of  L«  Pla- 
ta or  Paragiiay,  in  S.  America,  fltitatcd 
6n  the  northern  fide  of  La  Plata  river, 
it  lat  34  30  S.  It  lies  eaft  of  Buenos 
Ayrcs.and  has  its  nam'c  from  a  mountain 
which  overlooks  it,  about  a<3  leagues 
from  Cape  Santa  Maria,  at  the  mouth  of 
tfhe  Plata. 

Montgomery,  a  count^  in  the  Upper  dif- 
triCl  of  Georgia,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Alata- 
ftiaha  river,'  W  of  Liberty  co.  containing 
3,1 80  inhabitants,  divided  into  i»  towns. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  N.  York,  firft 
Called  Tryon,  changed  to  Montgon»cry 
in  1784,  by  aA  of  the  Legifliiturev  It 
contains  94,483  inhabitants.  It  is  bound- 
ed W  by  Hcrkemer,  E  by  Saratoga,  S  by 
Schoharie.     Chief  town,  Johnftoo. 

Montgomery ,  a  townfliip  in  Ulfter  co. 
New  York,  W  of  New  Windfor  and  New- 
burgh. 

Montgomery,  a  fort  in:  N.  York  State, 
fituated  in  the  High  Lands,  on  the  W 

Voi.  I.  Mm 


bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  on  the  N  fide  of 
Fopelop's  creek,  on  which  are  fome  iron 
works,  op|V)(ite  St.  Anthony's  Nofe,  6 
miles  S  of  Weft  Point,  and  5 a  above  N. 
York  city.  The  fort  is  now  in  ruins  ;  it 
was  reduced  by  the  Britini   in  0<Slol>cr, 

'7.    See  Aiiiiiony't  Niife. 

Montgomery,  a  townfhip  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont.  Ir  ia  watered  by  Trout  river, 
a  S  branch  of  Miflifcoui,  and  has  36  in- 
habitants. 

Montgomery,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
CO,  Maffachufctts,  15  miles  from  Boflon. 
It  was  incorporated  in  17  80,  and  containii 
560  inhabitants. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  Pcnnfylvani*,' 
33  miks  in  length,  and  17  in  breadth,  N 
W  of  Philadelphia  co.  It  is  divided  into 
28  townlhips,  and  contains  24. 150  in- 
habitants. In  this  county  are  96  grift- 
mills,  61  faw-mllls,4  forges, 6  fulling-mills.' 
and  to  paptr-niills.  Chief  town,  Norri^ 
town. 

Montgcmtry,  a  townfliip  in  the  above; 
CO.  where  is  a  port  ofli'ce.  There  is  alfd 
a  townfliip  of  this  name  in  Franklin  co. 

Montgomery,  a  CO.  in  S^Iifljury  diftridf, 
N.Carolina,  containing  7,677  inhabitants, 
including  1373  flavcs.' 

Montgomery^  i  county  of  Virginia,  S  of 
Botetourt  CO.'  If  is  about  too  miles  iiit 
length,  and  44  iii  breadth,  and  has  fomc 
lead  mines.  It  contains  8,076  free  inhab- 
itants, and  968  (lives.  Chief  town,  Chrifi 
tianburg.  The  court  houfe  is  a8  milet 
from  Anfo'n  court  houfe,  46  Irom  Wythe 
court  ho-afe,  and  40  from  Salifljury.  It 
is  OR  the  poft  road  from  Richmond'  ttf 
Kentucky.     A  port  office  is  kept  Meti, 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Maryland,  oxi 
Patowmac  river..  It  contains  I5,0j8  in- 
habitants, including.  6,28?^  flaves;  The 
court  hoiife  is  a8  miles  S  E  by  S  of  Fred- 
erickftown,  14  Nby  W  of  Georgetown 
on  the  Patowmac,  and  35  Ibuthwefterly 
of  Baltimore.     Here  is  a  port  rtltlce. 

Montrromery,  a  county inTenntfTcc  State, 
Mero  diftri<fl.  This  and  Robertfon  cO. 
are  the  territory,  formerly  called  Tennef- 
fee  County,  the  name  of  which  ceafes  fince 
the  State  ha<r  taken  that  name.  It  i« 
bounded  on  the  N  by  Kentucky,  on  the 
S  and  W  by  the  Indian  boundary, on  the 
E  by  DaVidfoii  and  Robertfon  <:ountie«. 
It  is'  watered  by  Ctimberland  and  Red 
rivers.     It  contains  2,899  inhabitants. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
containing  ^i999  inhabitants,  of  whom 
749  are  l)aves.  At  the  court  houfe  it  a 
poft  oiSce. 

Afmtmoriii, 


1 


^v 


M  O  N 


MOO 


Montmor'Wf  a  new  town  on  tlie  N  hank 
of  Ohio  river,  18  miles  below  Pittlburg, 
Atuated  on  a  beautiful  plain,  very  fertile, 
and  abounding  with  coal. 

Mnntpelier,  a  poft  town  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Onion 
R.     It  is  43  miles  W  from  L.  Champlain; 

Montreal,  the  fecond  city  in  rank  in  L. 
Canada,  (lands  on  an  illand  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  which  is  10  leagues  in 
length  and  4  in  breadth,  and  has  its  name 
from  a  very  high  mountain  about  the 
aiiddlc  of  it,  which  it  feems  to  ovtrlook 
like  a  monarch  from  his  throne;  hence 
the  French  called  it  Mont-real,  or  Royal 
Mountain.  While  the  French  had  poflcf- 
Con  of  Canada,  both  the  city  and  iHand 
of  Montreal  belonged  to  private  proprie- 
tors, who  had  improved  them  fo  well 
that  the  whole  ifland  had  become  a  de- 
lightful fpr)t,  and  produced  every  thing 
that  could  adminifter  to  the  convenience 
of  life.  The  city,  around  which  is  a  very 
good  wall,  built  by  Louis  XlV.of  France, 
forms  an  oblong  fquare,  divided  by  regu- 
lar and'  well  formed  ftreets ;  and  when 
taken  by  the  Britifli,  the  houfes  were 
built  in  a  very  handfome  manner ;  and 
every  houfe  might  be  fccn  at  on  view 
from  the  harbour,  or  from  the  fouthern- 
mod  fide  of  the  river,,  as  the  hill  on  the 
fide  of  which  the  town  (lands  falls  grad- 
ually to  the  water.  Montreal  contains 
about  600  houfes,  few  of  them  elegant ; 
but  fince  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Brit- 
ifli in  1760,  it  has  fuffered  much  from 
fire.  A  regiment  of  men  are  (Rationed 
here,  and  the  government  of  the  place 
borders  on  the  military.  It  is  about  half 
a  league  from  the  S  fhore  of  the  river, 
170  miles  S  W  of  Quebec,  Trois  Rivieres 
being  about  half  way  ;  1 10  N  by  W  of 
Crown  Point ;  .^08  N  by  W  of  Bofton, 
•nd  350  N  by  £  of  Niagara.  N  lat.  45 
35,  W  long  73  II.  See  5/.  Lawrence. 
The  river  St.  Lawrence  is  about  3  miles 
widest  Montreal  There' is  an  iOand 
near  the  middle  of  the  river,  oppofite  the 
city,  at  the  lower  end  of  which  is  a  mill 
with  8  pair  of  (tones,  all  kept  in  motion, 
at  the  fame  time,  by  i  wheel.  The  works 
are  faid  to  have  coft  £11,000  fterling. 
A  large  mound  of  (lone,  &c.  built  out  in- 
to the  river,  (tops  a  fufficiency  of  water 
to  keep  the  mill  in  continual  motion. 

Montreal,  a  river  which  runs  nort  head- 
ward  into  Lake  Superior  in  U.  Canada, 
on  the  fouthern  fide  of  the  lake. 

Montreal  Bay  lies  towards  the  E  end  of 
Lake  Superior,  having  an  ifland  at  the  N 


W  fide  of  its  entrance^  and  N  E  of  Cari- 
bou illand. 

Montreal  IJle,  in  the  E  end  {)f  lake  Su- 
peiior  in  U.  Canada,  is  fmall  and  fituated 
between  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  Mont- 
real and  Charrion,  and  near  to  the  Ihorc. 

Mintrouh,  a  town  in  the  W  part  of  the 
irtand  of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bight  of  Lcogane,  5  leagues  S  E  of  St. 
Mark,  and  15  N  W  of  Port  au  Prince. 

Mont/errotfOne  of  the  Carribbee  ifiands, 
and  the  fmalleftiof  them  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  Columbus  difcovered  it  in  149.".. 
It  is  of  an  oval  form,  3  leagues  in  length, 
and  as  many  in  breadth,  containing  about 
30,000  acres  of  land,  of  which  almoft  jds 
are  very  motiiitainou«,  or  very  barren. 
The  cultivation- of  fugar  occupies  6,000 
acres ;  cotton,  provifion  and  pafturage 
have  3,COO  acres  allotted  for  each.  No 
other  tropical  ftaplcs  arc  raifed.  The 
produdlions  were,  on  an  average,  from 
1784  to  178^,  3,737  hhds.  of  fugar,  of  16 
cwt.  each,  1,107  puncheons  of  rum,  ^^^ 
375  bales  of  cotton.  The  total  export* 
from  Montfcrrat  and  Nevis  in  1787  were 
in  value  £214,141  :  16  :  8,  of  which  the 
value  of  ;^ 1 3.981  :  iz-i  6  was  exported 
to  the  American  States.  The  inhabitants 
of  Montferrat  amount  to  1,300  whites, 
and  about  10,000  negroes.  The  fird  fet- 
tlers,  in  1633,  were  Irifhinen,  and  the 
prefent  inhabitants  are  chiefly  their  de- 
scendants, or  other  natives  of  Ireland 
fince  fettled  there,  by  which  means  the 
Irifli  language  is  prefetved  there  even 
among  the  negroes.  The  ifland  is  fur- 
rounded  with  rocks,  and'  tlie  riding  be- 
fore it  is  very  precartous  and  dangerous 
on  the  approach  of  a  tornado,  having  no 
haven.  It  has  only  3  roads,  viz.  Ply- 
mouth, Old  Harbour,  and  Ker*s  Bay ; 
where  they  are  obliged  to  obfcrvc  ilic 
fame  methods  as  at  St.  Chriflopher's  in 
loading  or  unloading  the  vcffeh..  It  liet 
30  miles  S  W  of  Antigua ;  the  fame  dif- 
tance  S  £  of  Nevis,  and  i»fubje(5t  to  Great 
Britain.     N  lat.  16  47,  W  long.  62  iz. 

Montjiaugt,  a  river  or  bay  in  Lincoln- 
CO.  Maine,  which  communicates  with  the 
rivers  Sheepfcut  and  Kennebeck. 

ikfo/i/wV/^.a townfliipin  N.London  co. 
Coniiei5licut,  about  10  miics  N  of  New 
London.     It  has  2,231  inhabitants. 

Monument  Bay,.on  the  E  coaft  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  is  formed  by  the  bending  of 
Cape  Cod.  It  is  fpacious  and  convenient 
for  the  protedlion  of  (hipping. 

Moore,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Fay- 
ette diflridt.    It  contains  4.,767  inhabit- 
ants, 


**!(>,  includ 
Alfordflon. 
poft  office  is 
<lolph  court 
and  391  froi 

Mooteficld, 

in  N.  JcVley, 
phia. 

Moore  Foi  t 
olina,  is  a  fli 
pcn'dicular  I-, 
na  fliore  of  ; 
or  100  feet  al 
the  water,  e 
picafing  fpt«a 
coloured  cartl 
red,  brown,  y 
&-C.  in  horizi 
other.  A  fort 
the  eredlion  of 
it  flood  a  little 
occupies  the  f{ 
Moore's  Creel 
ton,  in  N.  Can 
aid,  with  abou 
fcated  (after  a 
defpcrale  enga 
at  the  head  o 
M«Donald  was 
flower  of  his  mi 

MoorJSeldj,  a  1 

of  Hardy  co.  V 
fide  of  the  S  b 
It  contains  a  c<J 
tween  60  and 
from  Romncy, 
180  from  F.icliJ 
Moo/e  Rhjer,i 
river.     Thiny  . 
on  a  fmall  branl 
lake,  Mr.  J.  BrJ 
and  eredled  mill 
Mo'j/e  River,  ] 
(hort  diftance  fij 
water  of  lake 
northeaftern  coJ 
miles  from  its  iJ 
and  empties  inl 
James's  Bay,  " 
niouth    with    ., 
Fort,  and  a  fal 
J^outh  of  this  ril 
81  51 ;  andBrul 
bank  about  lat.f 
torn  of  James's  f 
and  river,  on  thJ 
er  on  the  E  fldJ 
timber  trees  of  i 
''cfides  the  pine] 
Moofe  river  be 


I 


MOO 

»n->,  including  600  flavcs.  Chief  town, 
Alfordfton.  I'he  court  houfe,  whtre  a 
port  office  is  kept,  is  38  milts  from  Ran- 
iiolph  court  houfc,  40  from  Fayettcville, 
and  ;;9i  from  Waihington, 

Mnoiefield,  or  MotrrJUivn,  a  poft  town 
in  N.  Jerlcy,  13  miles  eaftcrly  ol  Philadel- 
phia. 

Moare  Foit,  a  phce  fo  called  in  S.  Car- 
olina, is  a  Aupendous  hlufT,  .or  high  pei- 
pcn'dicular  l-^nk  of  earth,  on  the  Caroli- 
na diure  of  Savannah  river,  perhaps  90 
,or  too  feet  above  the  common  furfacc  of 
the  water,  exhibiting  the  fingiiiar  and 
picafing  fptcStacIc  to  a  ftrangtr,  af  parti- 
coloured earths, chiedy  clays  and  marl,  as 
red,  brown,  yellow,  blue,  purple,  white, 
&.C.  in  horizontal  (Irata,  one  over  the 
other.  A  fort  formerly  flood  here,  before 
the  ereiflion  of  one  at  Augufta,  from  which 
it  ftood  a  little  to  the  N  K.  The  water  now 
Occupies  the  fpot  on  which  the  fort  Qood. 

Moore't  Creek,  is  i6  miles  from  Wilming- 
ton, in  N.  Carolina.  Here  Gen.  MDun. 
aid,  with  about  2,ooo  royaliQs,  were  de- 
feated (after  a  retreat  of  80  miles,  and  a 
dcfperale  engagement)  by  Gen.  Moore, 
at  the  head  of  800  continentals.  Gen. 
M'Donald  was  taken  prifoner,  and  the 
flower  of  his  men  killed. 

Mtorfieldt,  a  poft  town  and  the  capital 
of  Hardy  co.  Virginia,  iituated  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  S  branch  of  Patowmac  river. 
It  contains  a  court  houfc,  a  gaol,  and  be- 
tween 60  and  70  houfes.  It  is  4j  miles 
from  Romncy,  75  from  Winchcflcr,  and 
180  from  Richmond. 

Maoft  River,  a  generous  branch  of  Black 
river.  Thiriy  four  miles  from  its  mouth 
on  a  fmall  t>ranch,  at  the  outlet  of  a  fmall 
lake,  Mr.  J.  Brown  has  made  a  fettlement 
and  ercdled  mills. 

Mo'jff  River,  lifcs  in  Midnahe  Lake,  a 
(hott  diflance  from  Michipicotcn  river,  a 
water  of  lake  Superior,  and  purfues  a 
northeadern  courfe,  receiving,  about  xa 
miles  from  its  mouth,  a  large  S  branch, 
and  empties  irito  the  fouthern  part  of 
James's  Bay,  N.  America,  by  the  fame 
mouth  with  Abbitibce  river.  Moofe 
Fort,  and  a  fadtory,  are  fituated  at  the 
»»'outh  of  this  river,  N  lat,  51  16,  W  long. 
81  51 ;  and  Brunfwick  Houfe  is  on  its  W 
bank  about  lat.  50  30.  Round  the  bot- 
tom of  James's  Bay,  from  Albany  Fort 
and  river,  on  the  W  fide,  to  Rupert's  riv- 
er on  the  E  fide,  the  woods  afford  large 
timber  trees  of  various  kinds,  as  oak,  am, 
belidcs  the  pine,  cedar,  fprucc,  &c.  Up 
Moofe  river  beyond  R'jnfwick  Houfe  i» 


M  O   R 

I'l  a  fall  ofjo  feet,  above  which  it  is  deep  and 
navigable  for  a  great  diftance ;  the  foil 
and  the  climate  above  the  fall  are  faid  t« 
be  very  good 

Mbofe  River,  a  fliort  dream  in  Graftoa 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  which  runs  northcad- 
erly  from  the  White  Mountains  into  Am» 
arifcoggin  river. 

Mu'jfehead  Lake,  or  Moofe  Pond,  in  Lin- 
coin  CO.  Maine,  is  an  irregular  fliaped 
body  of  water,  which  gives  rife  to  the 
caflern  branch  of  Kennebeck  river,  which 
unites  with  the  other,  above  Norridgc- 
wock,  about  ao  miles  fouth  of  the  lake. 
The  lake  is  faid  to  l>€  three  times  as  Urge 
as  L.  George.  There  arc  very  high  moun- 
tains to  the  N  and  W  of  the  lake;  and 
from  thefe  the  waters  run  by  many  chan- 
nels into  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Motfebillock,  the  higl)c(l  of  the  chain  of 
mountains  in  N.  Haxnpfbire,  tJbe  White 
Mountains  excepted.  It  take*  it»  name 
from  its  having  been  formerly  a  remark- 
able range  for  moofe,  and  lies  70  mile* 
W  of  the  White  Mountains.  From  its 
N  W  fide  proceeds  Baker's  river,  a  branch 
of  Pemigewaflet,  which  is  the  principal'' 
branch  of  Merrimack.  On  this  moun- 
tain fnow  has  been  fecn  from  the 
town  of  Newbury,  Vermont,  on  the  30th 
of  June  and  31ft  of  Augud ;  and  on  the 
mountains  intervening,  fnow,  it  is  faid, 
lies  the  whole  year. 

Mooft  IJland,  on  the  coaft  of  Maine,  at 
the  mouth  of  Schoodick  river,  contains 
about  30  families.  On  the  S  end  of  this 
ifland  is  an  excellent  harbour  fuitable 
for  the  conftru<Stion  of  dry  docks.  Com- 
mon tides  rife  here  25  feet. 

Moofup  River,  rifes  in  Fofter,  Rhode 
Ifland,  and  runs  S  into  Coventiy ;  there 
meeting  another  branch,  it  turns  fird  ead* 
erly,then  northerly,  crolTes  the  S  W  cor 
ner  of  Fodcr  into  Killingly  in  Connetfti- 
cut,  then  turns  S  W  and  runs  into  Plain- 
^eld,  where  it  unites  with  the  Quinabaug. 
It  is  a  large,  rapid  dream,  and  furniflie* 
a  variety  of  excellent  mill  feats. 

MoroHt  Keyt,  off  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
in  the  W.  Indies.    N  lat.  l^  47,  W  long. 

75  35. 

Morant  Point,  the  mod  eadcrly  pro- 
montory of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  On 
the  N  fide  of  the  point  is  a  harbour  of  the 
fame  name.  From  Point  Morant  it  is 
uCual  for  fhips  to  take  their  departure 
that  are  bound  through  the  Windward 
Padage,  or  to  any  part  of  the  W  end  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  N  lat.  17  58, 
W  long.  76  10, 

» ii-^...,       Morant 


M  O  R 

Mnr/iml  Htritur,Port,  is  about  4  league* 
preftward  of  Point  Morant,  on  the  S  coafl 
of  the  ifland  of  JninHica.  Before  the 
inouth  of  it  is  a  fmall  idand,  called  Good 
Ifland,  and  a  fort  on  each  point  of  the 
entrance. 

Morant  River,  is  a  leagues  weftward  of 
the  W  point  of  Point  Morant.  The  land 
here  forms  a  bay,  with  anchorage  along 
f  he  flibre. 

'  Moravian  Killn^e,  on  the  fiver  Thames 
in  U.  panada,  is  in  the  4th  tuwnfliip  from 
its  mduth;  it  is  an  irregular  built  villsge, 
of  one  ftrcet,  with  indifferent  wooden  huts 
iand  a  fmall  chapel ;  inhabited  by  Indians 
ieonverted  to  the  Moravian  faith,  and 
thtfir  paftors ;  who  confid  of  four  milfion- 
aries  from  the  United  Brethren.  The  In- 
Idians  are  peaceable  and  civil ;  their  ptin- 
ciplal  employment  is  in  attending;  to  their 
Icorn-fields,  and  to  the  making  of  maple 
fu^ar.  Above  the  village,  on  the  river,  is 
ia  targe  fpring  of  pctrolium.  Smyth. 
"'  Morena,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Chili, 
&  America,  is  in  lat.  13  45  S,  and  15 
leagues  N  E  of  Cape  George.  The  bay 
between  thef6  capes  fcems  very  defirablc 
to  ftrangers  to  go  in ;  but  in  a  N  W 
\vind  is  very  dangerous,  bccaufe  the'wind 
blows  right  on  the  fliore,  and  makes  a 
very  heavy  fea  in  the  road.  Here  is  a 
very  convenient  harbour,  but  exceeding- 
ly Bittdyr,  where  a  good  fhip  might  be 
careened.  '  >  .  —  • 
'  Mortna  Morra,  on  the  coad  of  Chili,  S. 
Aitierlca,  in  iat.  23  S,  and  ao  leagues  due 
8  of  the  N  point  of  the  bay  of  Atacama. 

Mort,  a  townfhip  in  Northupiberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Moreland.,  the  name  of  two  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania ;  the  one  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  the  other  in  that  of  Montgom- 
ery, adjoining  each  other.  In  this  town- 
ihip  are  the  towns  of  Willow  Grove,  and 
Katfborough. 

■■  Morgan  Di/lriSi,\n  N.CaroliQa,is  hound- 
ed W  by  the  State  of  Tenneflee,  and  S 
by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina.  It  is  divided 
)nto  the  counties  of  Burke,  Wilkes,  Ruth- 
erford, Lincoln,  and  Buncomb ;  contains 
49,184  inhabitants,  including  4,643  Oaves. 

Mergantown,  a  pod  town  abfi  the  chief 
town  of  the  above  di(lri<5l,  is  in  Burke  co. 
near  Catiabaw  river.  '  Here  are  about 
30  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  It  is 
45  ntiles  fl-om  Wilkes,°46  irom  Lincoln- 
town,  113  from  Salem,  and  66i  from  Phil- 
kdelphia.    N  lat,  35  47.      "-'■' 

Morgontotvn,  a  pod  to^n  of  Virginia, 
and  ihire  town  of  Monongalia  co.  iQtuatcd 


^  O  R 

on  the  E  fide  nf  Monongahela  river,  abo)tt 
7  ntilet  S  by  W  of  the  mouth  of  Cheat  riv- 
er, and  contains  a  court  houfe,  a  Done 
g^ol,  and  about  40  houfes.  It  ifi  30  miles 
from  Brownfville,  14  irofn  Union  Town, 
in  Pcnpfylvania,  76  from  Cumberland  in 
Maryland,  and  319  from  Philadelphia. 

Morgans,  a  fettlenient  in  Kentucky,  38 
miles  E  of  Lexington,  and  18  N  E  of 
Boonfborough. 

M<-r^anza,  a.  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
Pernfyivania,  fituatcd  in,  and  almoft  fur- 
rounded  by  the  E  and  W  branches  of 
Charter's  river,  including  the  point  of 
their  confluence;  13. miles  S  of  Pittlburg, 
and  on  the  port  road  from  thence  to  Wafli- 
ington, the  county  town.diftant  )0  miles. 
Boats  carrying  from  2  to  300  barrels  of 
flour,  have  been  built  at  Morganza,  laden 
at  the  mill  tail  there,  and  fent  down  the 
Chartiers  into  the  Ohio,  and  fo  to  New 
Orleans.  By  an  adl  of  the  legiflature  of 
Pennfylvania,  the  Cbartiert,  from  the  Ohio 
upwards  as  far  as  Morganza,  is  declared 
to  be  a  highway.  This  town  is  Tut  round- 
ed by  a  rich  country,  where  numbers  of 
grift  and  faw  mills  arc  already  built ;  and 
the  lands  in  its  environs  veil  adapted  to 
agriculture  and  grazing ;  and  is  fpoken 
of  as  a  country  that  is  or  will  be  the  rich- 
eft  in  Pennfylvania..  Morganza,  from  its 
fituation  and  other  natural  advantages, 
muft  beccuie  the  centre  of  a  great  manu- 
fadluring  country;  cfpecially  as  confld- 
crable  ixidics  of  iron  ore,  of  a  fuperior 
quality,  have  been  already  difcovered  in 
the  neighbourhbod,  and  nave  been  aiTay- 
ed.  The  high  waving  hills  in  this  coun- 
try, are,  from  the  Quality  of  the  foil,  con- 
vertible into  the  moft  luxuriant  grazing 
lands,  and  arc  already  much  improved  iq 
this  way.  Thefe  hills  will  be  peculiarly 
adapted  tp  raife  live  ftock,  and  more  par- 
ticularly the  fine  long-woolled  breed  of 
flieep.  From  hence,  confiderable  exports 
arc  already  made  to  New  Orleans,  of  flour, 
bacon,  butter,  cheefe,  cider,  and  rye  and 
apple  fpirits.  The  black  cattle  raifed 
here  are  fold  to  the  new  fettlers,  and  to 
cattle  merchants,  for  the  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore  markets;  many  have alfo been 
driven  to  Niagara  and  Detroit. 

Morgue  Fort,  or  Fortabtza  de  Morgue,  on 
the  S  fliore  of  the  entrance  to  Baldivia 
Bar.  on  tite  coaft  of  Chili,  oti  the  S.  Pacif- 
ic Ocean.  The  channel  has  from  6  to  9 
fathoms. 

Muricbet,  in  Suffolk  co.  N.  York,  413 
miles  from  Wafliington,  where  a  poft  o(> 
ficc  is  kept. 

i    '  Morienne, 


^ttienne,  a 

>fland  of  Cap< 

/rom  which  it 

Brule.     It  is  1 

Mott  Caftit 

on  the  £  fide 

vannah,  in  the 

Cuba,  and  is  t 

ties  for  the  del 

the  approach 

a  kind  of  trian 

on  which  are 

of    cannon,    % 

caftle  there  a 

mounted  with 

pounders ;  call 

"  The  twelve  A 

between  the  ca 

tower,  where  a 

hals  of  what  v 

fannab. 

■Moroiinnee,  01 
of  Mowee,  one 
in  the  N.  Pacific 
and  long.  126  a 
Mortfq'iiUt  Bt, 
Carthagtiia,  on 
Main,  and  in  the 
but  of  Daricn  G 
MoTotoi,  QT  A 
wich  Iflands  in  t 
ai  leagues  W  N 
has  fevcral  bays 
Its  W  point  is  i] 
W7   14  W,  and 
36,000  inhabita] 
of  Woahoo  Iflanf 
Morris,  a  couj 
of  N,Jerfcy,wJ 
aj  miles  long,  aj 
intp  5  townfliil 
156,809  acres  im| 
of  unimproved 
of  the  county 
meadows,  and  go 
The  weftcrn  pal 
and  produces  crl 
feven  rich  ironf 
famous  for  curii 
difordcrs.    Blaci 
in  the  mountain] 
naces,  two  fluti/ 
|ij?'"g"f  37  faw  , 
There  are  in  tlid 
ants,  of  whom  7 1 
Mortijfsna,  a  v| 
N.  York,  contigl 
Sound.     In  179^ 
itants.    In  179 1 
|p}vnfli!p  of  Wcl 


M  O  R 


M  O  S 


^ititnnf,  »  bay  on  the  E  coafl  of  the 
>fland  of  Cnpe  Breton,  near  Miray  Bay, 
/rem  which  it  it  icparatcd  only  by  Cape 
Brule.     It  it  a  tolerably  deep  bay. 

Mtit  Vafilt  13  on  the  point  or  headland 
on  the  £  fide  of  the  channel  of  the  Ha- 
yannah,  in  the  K  W  part  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba,  and  it  the  firfl  of  two  (Irong  caf- 
ties  for  the  defence  of  the  channel  againfl 
the  approach  of  an  eneniy't  (hipt.  It  it 
a  kind  of  triangle,  fortified  with  baftion!i, 
on  which  are  mounted  about  .60  pieces 
of  cannon,  '14  pounders.  From  the 
caAle  there  alfo  runt  a  wall  or  line 
mounted  with  la  long  braf^  cannon,  36 
pounders ;  called,  by  way  of  eminence, 
'.'  The  twelve  Apoftitt :"  and  at  the  point, 
between  the  caftlc  and  the  fra,  there  is  a 
tower,  where  a  man  flands  and  givct  fig- 
inalt  of  what  vefTcliS  approach.  See  Ha- 
f/aimab, 

MoroiiHHee^  or  Mnrotinnee,  in  the  ifland 
of  Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands, 
jn  the  N.  Pacific  Occjin,  is  in  lat.  30  39  N, 
and  long.  136  27  ^. 

Mortfq'iilU  Bqy  is  to  the  fouthward  of 
Carthagciia,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Spanifli 
Main,  and  in  the  bight  of  the  coad  coming 
but  of  Darien  Gulf,  on  t^e  eaftern  fhore. 

Meretoi,  or  Morohi,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  about 
i\  leagues  W  N  W  of  Mowee  Ifland,  and 
has  fevcral  bays  on  its  S  and  W  fides. 
Its  W  point  is  in  lat.  31  30  N,  and  long. 
757  14  W,  and  is  computed  to  contain 
^6,000  inhabitants.  It  is  7  leagues  S  E 
of  Woahoo  Ifland, 

Morris,  a  county  on  the  northern  line 
of  N.  Jerfcy,  W  of  Bergen  co.  It  is  about 
iS  (Diles  long,  iud  30  broad,  is  divided 
intQ  5  townHiips,  and  contains  about 
156,809  acres  improved,  and  30439  acres 
of  unimproved  land.  The  eaflern  part 
of  the  county  is  level,  and  aflfbrds  fine 
meadows,  and  good  land  for  Indian  corn. 
The  weflern  part  is  more  mountainous, 
and  produces  crops  of  wheat.  Here  are 
feveu  rich  iron  mines,  and  two  fprings 
famous  for  curing  rheumatic  and  chronic 
diforders.  Black  lead  ore  has  been  found 
in  the  mountains.  There  are  alfo  3  fur- 
naces, two  flitting  and  rolling  mills,  40 
forges,  37  faw  mills,  and  43  grift  mills. 
There  arc  in  the  county,  17,750  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  775  are  Haves. 

MortiJSna,  a  village  in  Weft  Chefter  co. 
K.  York,  contiguous  to  Hell  Gate,  in  the 
Sound.  In  1790  it  contained  133  inhab- 
itants. In  1 79 1,  it  v/as  annexed  to  the 
^Ojwnfliip  of  Weft  Chefttr. 


JHorri/cttn,  a  pofl  town  and  rapitai  of 
the  above  en.  is  a  handli'me  town,  and 
contains  a  Prtfbyttrian  and  Baptift 
church,  a  court  houfe,  an  academy,  and 
about  50  compadt  houfcs  ;  19  miles  N  W 
of  Ntwark,  and  about  ico  N  E  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  head  quarters  ot  the  Amer- 
ican army,  during  the  revolutionary  war, 
was  frciiucntly  in  and  aloiit   this  town. 

Moirifville,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania, 
in  Berks'  co.  on  the  W  bank  of  Delaware 
river,  at  the  feiry,  ore  mile  from  Trenton, 
9  from  Briflol,  and  39  from  Philadelphia. 
A  poft  ofTice  is  kept  here. 

Morrit  £uy ^on  the  VVcoaftof  the  ifland 
of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  canno^ 
be  recommended  to  fhips  to  pafs  this  way, 
as  there  is  in  one  place  S  from  the  Five 
Iflands  only  3  fathoms  water.  VeflcU 
drawing  more  than  9  feet  water  muft  not 
attempt  it. 

Morrcfic,  a  town  on  the  road  between 
Quito  and  Lima,  in  S.  America.  It  con- 
tains betwten  70  and  80  honfes,  contain- 
ing about  160  families,  all  Indians;  near 
it  runs  the  river  Pozuelos,  the  banks  of 
which  are  cultivated  and  adorned  with 
trees.  It  is  38  or  30  leagues  diftant  from 
Sechura.  all  that  way  being  a  fandy  plain, 
the  track  continually  fliifting. 

Morr'o  Feija.'    See  ."?/.  GalUtt. 

Mortier's  Roots,  on  the  S  coaft  of  New- 
foundland Ifland.   Nbt.  47,Wlong.54  55, 

^orto  JJland^  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  fo 
called  by  the  Spaniards,  from  its  ftriking 
refemblance  to  a  dead  corpfc,  extended 
at  full  length.  It  is  alfo  called  St.  Clara. 
It  is  about  5  leagues  N  N  E  from  the  riv- 
er Tumbez  ;  and  is  2  miles  in  length,  and 
27  leagues  from  Guayaquil. 

Motien  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Nevis,  in  the  Weft  Indies,  is  near 
the  Narrpws,  or  channtl  between  that 
ifland  and  St.  Chriftophcr's,  to  the  N  W 
of  which  there  is  from  3  to  8  fathom.^, 
according  to  the  diftance  from  fliore. 

Morugo,  a  fmall  river  to  the  W  and  N 
W  of  the  gulf  of  Eflcquibo,  on  tl^e  coaft 
of  Surrinam,  in  S  America. 

Mofe,  or  Villa  del  Mofe,  a  town  on  the 
bank  of  the  river  Tabafco,  in  the  botton> 
of  Campeachy  Gulf,to  which  fmall  barges 
may  go  up.  Great  quantities  of  cocoaf 
are  fliipped  here  for  Spain  ;  which  brings 
a  great  many  floops  and  fnia!!  vcflels  to 
the  coaft. 

Mofes  Point,  a  head  or  cape  of  land,  on 
the  £  fide  of  the  entrance  into  Bonavifta 
Bay,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Ncwfoundlan4 
Ifland,  5  miles  S  W  of  Cape  Bonavifta. 

Mofibkot. 


M  O  S 

Mifdhi.     Sc;  KHafiit. 

Mjlleyt,  a  place  »)n  Roanoki  r'vcr,  9 
miles  helow  T.t.  TMmniHny'it,  tiifl  ^  iiliuve 
Eaton's.  The  produce  of  tlic  uppqr 
country  is  liroujjlit  to  thefe  |>l  ipk,  ;ind 
fi  lit  thence  by  wiiggon*  to  Petti (hurjj  in 
Virginia. 

Muftjuito  SLon.  The  cxai!l  Ixjuudirici 
of  tliin  country  have  never  been  accuritte- 
ly  drawn,  'I'he  Kin;;  and  hi*  chitis  have 
Rtncrally  CDululirtcl  tlitir  liinlth  ro  ex- 
fi.iid  a  littl<>  W  of  Biiick  River,  wicnct 
the  fca  coaft  trend?  .ibout  E  by  '  ->  or 
70  leagues.  This  brings  you  to  (he  .,'  E 
extremity  of  thi.H  ccintrv,  or,  hh  it  is  rail- 
ed  by  the  Spani.irdH,  tlic  Ci)[)t  tf  (jod'$ 
Gran;  Oil  account  of  the  great  dilliculty 
they  find  in  heating  up  from  tlic  weft. 
From  tiiis  capr,  in  almofl  every  direction 
toward  the  fta,  lie  a  great  number  of 
fmall  iflandn  or  keys,  with  rcefii,  rocks 
«nd  nialluwt  adjoining  them,  to  the  extent 
of  15  or  25  leagues,  and  fonieof  tlicm  50 
or  60,  which  have  never  been  properly 
furveyed,  and  which  of  courfe  makes  all 
this  part  of  the  Carribbcan  fea  a  very  dan> 
gerout  navigation,  erpeciatly  to  ftran^crs. 
After  doubling  the  above  mentioned  cape, 
OD  the  S  Ttde  of  which  is  a  tolerably  good 
harbour,  of  18  feet  of  water,  the  courfe 
trends  nearly  S,  about  jo  leagues,  this 
brings  you  to  Pearl  Key  Lagoon,  to  the 
eaflward  of  which  lies  the  two  Cum  Id- 
ands,  7  leagues  diflant,  and  a  number  of 
fmaller  iflands  lie  round  this  i;)i>oon  ;  but 
the  two  former  only  are  inhabited,  and 
that  fparingly.  In  running  this  50  leagues, 
you  pafs  feveral  barred  rivers,  with  water 
only  for  boats  to  pafs,  and  at  the  entrance 
lof  this  lagoon  there  is  9  feet  of  water. 
About  8  leagues  further  S,  you  come  to 
the  harbour  of  Blue/ields,  which  is  a  good 
harbour;  there  is  but  12  feet  of  water 
on  the  bir.  There  ends  the  Mofquito 
King's  real  jurifdiiftion,  but  he  claims  a 
tribute  from  all  the  feafliore  inhabitant*, 
whether  Spaniards  or  Indiana,  for  loo 
leagues  to  the  fouthward.  The  whole 
of  the  Mofquito  fliore  is  very  low  land, 
except  back  of  Black  River,  where  it  be- 
gins, and  back  of  Bluefields  where  it  nuls, 
From  Bluefields  the  coad  trends  a  little 
to  the  eaflward  of  S,  until  you  come  to 
the  harbour  of  St.  Johns,  which  !s  a  good 
one,  hut  has  no  town.  A  river  of  the 
fame  name  empties  into  this  harbour 
from  the  lake  of  Nicaragua.  On  the  call- 
crn  fide  of  which  lake  (lands  the  city  of 
Granada,  and  on  the  river,  fome  leagues 
hcfore  you  enter  thit  lakc^  ftands  fort 


M  O  S 

Cliartcs.  Caiiocs  afccnd  :!»i«  river,  la 
pro;ec(lii\t;  ali>ng  tlir  coafl  about  iifttcn 
leagues  Iniin  St.  John's,  fothc  fouthw,ird 
.ind  eaft'*nrd,  you  come  to  a  -/lact  CHlltd 
Turtle  I$.ni;^c,  (the  high  land  wliicli  be- 
gan at  Hln  liclds,  dill  continuing.)  'I'his 
place  lia^  no  harbour,  but  ik  remarkable 
for  an  aiii;i/.iiig  great  rcC'irf  of  gfcen  tur- 
tle in  the  Iciifon  when  the  fen)ales  lay 
their  egj?,  which  is  from  the  latter  part 
of  Aiigufl  to  t!\e  liifl  of  .September.  'I'his 
place,  eouiprehtpflin^j  a  bay  or  beach  of 
white  fami,  abuuc  5  leaj^^ucs  in  extent, 
draws,  as  is  reckoned  by  the  inhabitants, 
^th»  of  the  green  turtle  from  fome  hun- 
dred of  leagues  on  each  fiile  of  it.  Tliis 
is  the  more  curious,  as  thty  pafs  in  thtir 
rout  to  this  place  innumerable  bays  or 
traifls  of  faud,  which  appear  to  the  hu- 
man eye  equally  convenient  with  this. 
It  has  been  flated  on  good  authority,  that 
800  flic  turtle  have  been  flopped  on  this 
beach  in  one  niglit,  averaging  zjolbs,  by 
10  mtn.  The  feafon  being  ov^r  fpr  lay- 
ing their  eggs,  they  return  to  their  homes 
with  the  fame  diligence  they  came.  The 
meat,  egga  and  entrails  of  thefe  turtle  are 
excellent.  Each  turtle  lays  three  litters 
of  cfiS*  I"  "  feafon,  one  of  170,  on«:  of  100, 
and  one  of  60 ;  which  is  done  at  intervals 
of  about  14  or  15  days.  They  cover 
their  eggs  %\  or  3  feet  deep  in  the  fand, 
and  in  3  weeks  the  fun  hatches  them. 
They  then  emerge,  (being  aboi;t  the  big- 
nefs  of  a  dollar)  and  mak"  ilowly  to- 
wards the  fea,  which  is  perhaps  50  yards 
off ;  but  on  this  fliort  paflage  they  have 
many  enemies,  fuch  as  tigers,  eagles, 
hawks,  vultures,  &c.  and  when  they  reach 
the  water,  the  fliarks,  which  are  h«re  in 
amazing  plenty,  prove  the  wprll  enemy 
of  all,  fo  that  but  few  of  the  original  num- 
ber (j.io)  are  left  to  grow;  however,  a 
fufHcient  number  efcape,  to  caufc  a  gen- 
eral increafe.  The  Englifh  evacuated 
this  country  in  the  year  1787,  and  '88, 
after  holding  it  about  80  years.  Their 
fird  poiTtfrion  was  entirely  accidental.  A 
crew  of  Buckancers  being  call  away  ia 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  happening  to  fall 
in  by  travelling  with  the  river  Warks, 
which  empties  itfelf  at  the  afore-named 
capt,  they  by  degrees  fettled  themfelvcs 
at  the  mud  convenient  places,  for  cutting 
and  mnnufadturing  mahogany,  with  which 
thiv  coiiutry  abounds,  and  were  in  fadt 
madcrs  of  the  country.  The  Mofquito 
King,  George,  who  was  educated  in  Lon« 
don,  and  is  finee  dead,  was  allowed  to 
have  the  nominal  conunju^d,  and  fince 

the 


J'»e  T^n^lifh 
««nie  into 
Mofquito    i 
«hey  have  a 
'"ds,  and 
Spain  to  be 
»o  confider  t 
'elation.     C, 
Morjiii/o  (. 
land,  in  lat. 

Mo/guito  i 
<«rcmity  of 
""d  on  the  h 
oftheNarroy 
»hc  point  alb 
»o  the  northv 
ed  with  rocki 
from  4  to  6  f, 
cf  Booby  Iflai 

Ml^quito,  01 

C«'e  of  the  ida 
ward  of  Five 
Mnfquito  IJli 
Mands,  in  the 
of  Virgin  Got 
•nt-    Nlat.  i! 

Mofquito  Poi 

the  channel  in 

maica,  wlierc  1 

fituatcd,  and  o 

|uns,forthede 

w  here  very  J 

to  the  northwJ 

hafon,  into  vJ 

Spanifh  TownJ 

Mofifuito  Po\ 

river  Eircquihj 

Cuiana,  S.  At 

foon  as  fliipsaj 

«d  to  run  S  e] 

*o  an  anclior  ll 

Mother    Cre\ 

See  Frederiea. 

Motte  IJI(,  a  u 
plain,  about  8| 
breadth,  diflaii 
fo  Iftand,     It 
«8  own  name  k 
■amed,  in  i8o] 
M»ucla,La,\ 
K,  on  the  W  c<l 
Mou/toniorciM 
fliire.now  calif 
Moultrie  For\ 
"Moitltrievillet 
Sullivan  Iflandl 
dred  dwelling  I 
IS  a  place  of  gri 
during  the  fum 
**•  and  hcaltj 


M  O  U 


IW  0  U 


the  y.ngllfh  have  left,  and  tlie  Spaniard'* 
conic  into  pofTcflion,  ihc  King  of  the 
Mofquito  more  ii  rcwlly  abfi.lute,  for 
they  have  a  fixed  avcrfion  lo  the  Span- 
iardi,  and  will  not  itllnw  the  King  of 
Spain  to  be  their  mafter,  though  ptLuftd 
to  confidcr  the  King  of  Enj;l.4iid  in  that 
relation.     Capl.  Ftatt, 

Mofquito  Cove,  on  the  coafl  of  Creen- 
laild,  in  iat.  64  55,  and  long.  J2  57  W. 

Mofguito  Bay,  or  Mvjkito,  is  at  the  S  l^ 
extremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.Cltfiflopher'a, 
and  on  the  larboard  fide  of  the  channel 
of  the  Narrows,  I  torn  the  SW  going  round 
the  point  along  the  iliore,  within  the  reef 
to  the  northward.  The  coafl  i»  here  lin- 
ed with  rocks,  and  at  a  fniall  diftance  is 
from  4  to  6  fathoms,  on  the  W  N  W  fide 
of  Booby  Ifland. 

Mtfquito,  or  Mofquito  Cove,  on  the  W 
fii'e  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  fouth- 
ward  of  Five  Iflandi  Harbour. 

M^quito  IJland,  one  of  the  fmall  Virgin 
Iflands,  in  the  W.  Indien,  near  the  N  coaft 
of  Virgin  Gorda,  on  which  it  is  depend- 
ent.   N  lat.  18  15,  W  long.  63  tj. 

Mofquito  Point  is  the  larboard  poini  of 
the  channel  into  Port  Royal  Bay  in  Ja- 
maica, where  the  powder  magazines  are 
fituated,  and  on  which  is  a  battery  of  80 
^uns,for  the  defence  of  the  channel,  which 
IS  here  very  u^rrow.  Rownd  the  point 
to  the  ncrthweflerly,  is  a  fpacious  bay  or 
hafon,  into  which  comes  the  river  of 
Spani(h  Town. 

M(fquito  Point,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
river  EiTequiho,  on  the  coaft  of  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America;  round  which,  as 
foon  as  fliips  are  within,  they  are  diretfl- 
<d  to  run  S  £  and  then  due  S,  and  come 
to  an  anchor  before  the  firQ  village. 

Mother  Creei,  in  Kent  co.  Delaware. 
See  Fredcriea, 

Motte  IJIe,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  8  miles  in  length  and  2  in 
breadth,  difiant  a  miles  W  of  North  He- 
ro Ifland.  It  conflitut'ed  a  townfhip  of 
its  own  name  in  Franklin  co.  Vcrttiont, 
Bamed,  in  180*,  Vineyard,  wlii  h  fee. 

M»ucba,La,  a  bay  on  the  coafl:  of  Chi- 
K,  on  the  W  coaft  of  S.  America. 

Mouttonboreugb,  Stafford  co.  N.  Htmp- 
fliirc,  now  called  Nttv  Hampton,  whic  h  fee. 

Moultrie  Fort.     See  SuUivans  Ifland. 

Moultrieville,  a  town  lately  fettled  on 
Sullivan  Ifland,  S.  Carolina.  Two  hun- 
dred dwelling  houfes  are  eredVed,  and  it 
is  a  place  ofgrcU  refort  from  Charlefton, 
during  the  fumt.ier  and  autumn,  for  pleaf- 
<»«  and  health. 


M'uiil  D'fl'tl,  Upfer  and  Latvtr,  two 
towiilliips  in  Northampton  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  both  ciiutain  2,234  inhabitants. 

Mount  Airy,  .Surrey  co.  N.  Carolina. 
Here  is  a  port  ofliix  400  miles  from  Wafli- 
iiigton. 

AfuuHta'ttr,  Lute  nf  the  Two,  a  dilatation 
of  the  mouth  of  Ottawa,  or  (irand  River, 
in  L.  CVuiiula,  on  the  wcftcrn  part  of  the 
Kland  ot  Montreal. 

Miunilmtly,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  fornird  otit  of  a  part  of  Wal- 
linpsford,  a  part  .,  l.udlow,  and  a  gore 
11;  Und  between  them.  It  contains  66tS 
inhabitants. 

Mount  Defeft,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl  of 
Hancock  co.  Maine,  abojit  15  miles  long 
and  12  broad.  It  is  a  valuable  traif^  of 
land,  interfedted  in  the  middle  by  the 
waters  flowing  into  the  S  fide  from  the 
fca.  There  arc  two  confidtr.tble  iflands 
on  the  S  E  fide  of  Mount  Dtfert  Ifland, 
called  Cranberry  Ifland,  which  .iflift 
in  forming  a  harbour  in  the  gulf 
which  fets  up  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
ifland.  The  whole  ifland  contain» 
It 21  inhabitants.  The  northerly  part 
of  the  ifland  was  formed  into  a  townihi(> 
called  Eden,  in  1796.  The  routheaftern- 
moft  part  of  the  ifland  lies  in  about  lat. 
44  12  N.  On  the  main  Und,  oppofite 
the  N  part  of  the  ifland,  are  the  towns 
of  Trenton  and  Sullivan.  It  is  335  miles- 
N  E  of  Boflon. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  with  a  port  of- 
fice in  Burlington  <■  o.  N.  Jerfcy,  on  the 
bank  of  Ancocus  Creek,  12  miles  S  E  of 
Burlington, 

Mount  Hope  Boy,  in  the  N  E  part  of 
N.irraganftt  Bay. 

Mount  yji,  on  the  nortliern  coafl  of 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  Labrador. 

Muiiiit  IfanJ,  on  the  above  coafl,  N  lat.. 
50  5,  W  long,  61  35. 

Alount  Joy,  the  n-'.me  of  two  townfliips 
in  Pennfylv.^uia,  the  one  in  Lancaftcr, 
the  other  in  .\dam8  comity. 

Mount  Joy,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Pcnnlyivania,  16  miles  from  Litiz. 

Mount  Pleafant,  a  poft  town  in  Weft 
Cheftcr  co.  N.  York,  on  the  E  fide  »)f  Hud- 
fon's  river;  bounded  foutherly  by  Grecnf- 
burg,  and  northerly  and  eaftcrly  by  Pliil- 
lipfljurg.  It  contains  2704  inhabitants. 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  townfliip  in  Adami> 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

Mount  Pleafant,  a  village  of  Maryland, 
fituated  partly  in  each  of  the  counties  of 
Queen  Ann  and  Caroline,  about  il  milc& 
E  of  the  town  o£  Church  Hill. 

M.ur.t 


Il   I   ' 


J     ,/' 


M  0  1/ 


idv  c 


,  Moiml  Tha»,\nV3itCnn  CO.  U  Carnlinx. 
Here  ii  a  pod  office  196  milut  from  WaHi- 
ington. 

M'tunl  Turn,  a  noted  mountxin  on  the 
W  bank  of  Connetflicut  river,  near  North- 
ampton.  Alfo  the  name  of  a  mountain 
between  Litchfield  and  Wafliiugton,  in 
Connci^icut. 

Mount   yernoif,    the   feat   of  the   late 
OeoRoc  Wasiiinoton,  is  pleafAntty  fit- 
uatcd  on  the  Virgin!  1  hank  of  Patowmac 
river,  in  Fairfax  co.  VirjB;ini,i,  Where  the 
river  is  nearly  z  miles  wide  ;  9  miles  be- 
low Alexandria  ;    127   from  Point  Look 
Out,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  480 
miles  from   the  Tea.      The  area  of  the 
mount  is  200  feet  above  the  ftirface  of 
the  river;  and,  after  furni/hing  a  lawn 
of  five  acres  in  front,  and  alu'tut  the  fajne 
in  rear  of  the  buildings,  falls  off  rather 
abruptly  on  thofe  turo  quarters.     On  the 
K  end  it  Aibfides  gradually  into  extend  ve 
pafture  grounds ;  while  on  the  d  it  Hopes 
more  deeply,  in  a  (liort  didance,  and  ter- 
minates with  the  coach houfe,ftables,  vine- 
yard, and  nurferies.     On  either  wing  is 
a  thick  grove  of  diiTerent  flowering  fated 
»rees.     Parallel  with  them,  on  the  land 
fide,  are  two  fpacious  gardens,  into  which 
one  is  led  bv  two  ferpeucine  gravel  walks, 
planted  with  weeping  willows  and  fhady 
ihrubs.    Tlie  mandou  houfe  itfelf  appears 
▼encrable  and  convenient.  A  lofty  porti- 
co, 96  feet  in  length,  fupported  by  8  pil- 
lars, has  a  pleafiiig  efTedt  when  viewed 
from  the  water ;  the  whole  aflcmblagic  of 
the  green-houfe,  fchool-houfc,  offices,  and 
fervants'  halls,  when  fecn  from  the  land 
fide,  bears  a  reftmblance  to  a  rural  vil- 
lage ;  efpecially  as  the  lands  on  that  Tide 
are  laid  out  fomewhat  in  the  form  of  En- 
glifh  gardens,  in    meadows    and  gral'a 
grounds,  ori>amented  with  little  copfes, 
circular  elumps,and  Tingle  trees.    A  fmall 
park  on  the  river,  where  the  Englifh  fal- 
low deer  and  the  American  wild  deer  are 
feen  through  the  thickets,  alternately  with 
the  vefTels  as  they  are  failing  along,  add 
a  romantic  and  piiflurcfquc  appearance 
to  the  whole  fcenery.     On  the  oppofite 
fide  of  a  fmall  creek  to  the  northward, 
an  cxjenfivc  plain,  exhibiting  corn-fields  i 
and  cattle  grazing,  affords  in  I'ummer  a  j 
luxuriant  landfcape  ;    while  the  blended 
verdure  of  woodlands  and  cultivated  de- 
clivities, on  the  Maryland  fliore,  varie- 
gates the  ppofpedb  in  a  charming  manner. 
Such  are  the  philofophic  fliades  to  which 
the  Commander  in  chief  of  the  American 
army  retired  in  178^,  at  thcclofeofa 


victorious  war;  which  he  a;iam  left  iit' 
1789,  to  dignify  with  his  unequalled  t.';!- 
cnts  the  higheft  office  in  the  gift  of  his 
fellow  citiaens;  to  which  he  again  re- 
treated, in  1797,  loaded  with  honours 
and  the  benediifkions  of  hi*  country. 
Where,  in  1798,  having  again  heard  and 
obieyed  the  call  of  his  endangered  coun- 
try, to  comrnand  her  armies,  he  was  fum- 
nioned  on  the  i4th  of  December  1799,  to 
join  the  heavenly  hofts. 

Mount  Fimon,  a  town  in  Kenneheck 
CO.  Maine,  17  miles  N  W  of  Hallowell. 

Mount  iVaJbington,  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  ifland  of  N.  York. 

Mmint  ffajbinfrlan,  one  of  the  highcfl 
peaks  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New 
Hampfliire. 

Mount  Witjbingtan,\ht.  fouthweftemmoft 
townfliip  of  Maflachufetts,  in  Bcrkfliirt^ 
CO.  158  miles  W  by  S  of  BoOon.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1779,  and  contains  a^l 
inhabitants. 

Moufe  Harioiir,  kt  the  E  Tide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  John's,  and  at  the  S  W  angle 
of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  between 
Ead  Point  and  Three  rivers,  and  goes  iit 
with  a  fmall  creek  thai;  is  moderately 
fpacious  withinl 

Mtufum  River, SL fmallriver in  York  co. 
Maine,  has  its  fources  for  its  foUthwed- 
crn  or  principal  branch,  in  phnds  in  the 
town  of  Shapleigh  in  the  fame  coiuty. 
It  pifTes  through  Sanford  to  its  confluence 
with  the  nbrtheaflerly  branch,'  and  con- 
tinue^  the  fame  courfe  between  the  townt 
of  Wells  and  A'rundi:l,  into  Wells  bay 
and  the  fea. 

Miitvee,  ont:  of  the  Sandwich  Ides,  next 
in  iizc  to,  and  N  W  of,  O'whyhee.  In  it 
is  a  large  bay  of  a  femicirculaf  form; 
oppofite  to  which  are  the  idands  Tahoor- 
ow'a  Morokinnee.  It  is  about  162  miles 
in  ciicumfercnce,  and  is  thought  to  con- 
tain nearly  70,000  inhabitants.  They 
arc  favagcs,  the  arts  in  a  Very  low  (tatc, 
their  morals  deplorable.  The  fandlity  of 
female  chaflity  is  unknown';  ignorant  of 
the  great  facriiice  oiTbred  on  MoihilCal- 
varyt  yet  confciousi  of  guilt,  they  appeaHi 
their  terrified  confciences  by  facrifices  of 
their  own  invention.  Hienbe  they  ofFcir 
each  other  oh  the  blooJy  altar.  Their 
deities,  like  Moloch,  are  fuppofed  to  bit 
pieafed  with  the  expiring'  agonies  and 
nre.iming  blood  of  hunun  vi<Stims.  Lat. 
II  N,  long,  ijj  W. 

Moyamcnfmg,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  N  of  the  city,  adjuiniug. 

Mutatts  JJtanJ,  near  the  north  eoafVof 

Cuba 


tuba  Ifltii 
Ifland  Ve 
Quilunn? 
Muddy  . 
between  J 
about  35  < 
wide ;  it  h 

8t.  Jyfcph 
pal. 

Mud  tJU 

7  miles  bel 

whereon  is 

fand  bar,  a 

as  the  foun 

a  crofs  fire. 

Mild  Lai 

fmall,  and  Ii 

^  gives  rife 

Mugerat  j 

Eaien,  or   / 

leagues  S  of 

of  the  penin 

Of  them,  tow 

chorage  in  fi 

{round. 

Mubtinherg 

N  and  N  E  h 

fon,  S  W  and 

Logan,  48  m 

Watered  by 

with  their  hi 

people,  ti6b| 

Mulatre,  Po 

ca,  in  the  W, 

long.  6t  21. 

MuUtto  Poi 
America  is  th 
con,  i6or  18 
Mulgravt  I 
'»«•  67  45,  W 
Mulbfganl 
Lewis,  and  en 
tr,  at  Brunfw 
Mullico  Hii 
Hereisapofli 
mgtort. 

Mullicut  Ri 
and  has  many 
'fj  and  emptii 
Bay,  4  miles  \ 
iinavigable2( 
Muncey,  h^ 
"e«"c  Is  a  pJ 
Wafhington. 

Muncy,  a  cr 
SufquehannaH 
tniles  N  of  thl 
Mundell/vilA 
Here  is  a  pf 
^afhfngton. 
V«l,I. 


M  U  N 

tuba  Tdnad,  in  the  W.  Indict,  which  with 
Ifland  Vrrdc  lie*  oppofite  to  the  Cape 
Quiliannano. 

Myddy  Laki,  in  U.  Canada,  is  (Ituatcd 
between  Laket  Huron  and  Genr{;r  ;  it  ii 
•bout  35  or  30  milen  long,  and  not  very 
wide  ;  it  liai  leveral  fmall  itlandt  of  whirh 
St.  Jofepli't,  it  feenu,  it  to  be  the  princi- 
pal. Smylh. 

Mud  JfianJt,  in  Delaware  river,  is  6  nr 
7  miles  below  the  city  of  PliiUddphia  ; 
whereon  it  a  citadel  and  a  fort.  On  d 
fand  bur,  a  large  pier  hat  been  creiflcd, 
It  the  foundation  for  a  battery,  to  nutcc 
a  crofs  fire. 

Mud  Lah,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  in 
fmall,  and  liei  a  little  S  of  Crooked  Lake. 
It  gives  rife  to  a  N  branch  of  Tioga  river. 

Mugerat  Iflatidt,  otherwife  called  Mm- 
Eaitrs,  or  IVcmem'Ejttft  Jf.jndi,  are  10 
leagues  S  of  Cape  Catoche,  on  theEcn.ifl 
of  the  peninfula  of  Yuc.itan.  On  the  i> 
of  them,  towards  the  land,  is  good  an- 
churngc  in  from  7  to  8  fathomt,  and  cle»n 
ground. 

Mublenherg,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
ta  and  N  E  by  Ohio  co.  N  W  (.y  Hemkr- 
fon,  S  W  and  S  by  Chriltiau,  and  S  £  by 
Logan,  48  miles  long,  31  broad.  It  is 
watered  by  Oreen  and  Muddy  rivers 
with  their  hranchet.  It  contains  1517 
people,  ii6  being  in  flavery. 

Mulatre,  Point,  in  theidand  of  Domini- 
ca, in  the  W.  Indiet.  N  lat.  15  16,  W 
long.  61  at. 

MuUtto  PoinU  on  the  W  coaft  of  South 
America  is  the  S  cape  of  the  port  of  An- 
con,  16  or  t8  miles  N  of  Cadavayllo  river. 

Mulgrave  Port.  Sec  Admiralty  Bay.  N 
lat.  67  45,  W  long.  165  9. 

MulhegoH  Iliver,  in  Vermont,  riPct  in 
Lewis,  and  empties  into  Connedlicut  riv- 
fcr,  at  Brunfwick. 

Mutlieo  Hill,  Gloucefter  co.  N»  Jerfey. 
Here  is  a  pod  office,  163  miles  from  Warn- 
ington. 

Mullieus  River,  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  fmall, 
and  has  many  mills  and  iron  Works  upon 
it)  and  empties  into  Little  Egg  Harlmur 
Bay,  4  miles  £  of  the  town  of  Leed.^.  It 
it  navigable  ^o  miles  for  vclTels  of  60  tons. 

Muneey,  Lycoming  co.  Pennfylvania. 
Here  !s  a  poll  office,  231  miles  from 
WaHiington. 

MuHcy,  a  creek  which  empties  into  the 
Sufquehannah  from  the  N  E,  about  23 
miles  N  of  the  town  of  Northumberland. 

MuKdell/ville,  Shenandoah  co.  Viriginia. 
Here  is  a  poft  vfficc,  114  miles  bqm 
Wafhington. 

V«u  I.  Wjw 


M  u  s        — 

Muii/ia,  Dil.iivarri,  arid  S  if^onrt,  3  i"" 
dJRii  tribes,  who  inhabit  ."  1  iiajfho,  and 
other  villjges  up  the  N  l)r.ini  Ii  of  Suf* 
qurlunnah  river.  About  10  years  ago, 
tlie  two  fitft  could  Curnilli  150  warriurt 
each,  and  the  Sapoonrt  30  warfiotf. 

Mur/i  fijiorotigi),  a  port  town  of  N.  Car- 
oli'u,  and  capitnl  of  O.itet  co.  It  is  Gtu- 
.itcd  on  Mcherrin  river,  and  contains  a 
fexv  houfcH,  a  court  honfe,  gaol,  and  t(»- 
h,icro  warc-houi-.  It  carries  on  a  fmall 
HAdc  wirh  £dcntr)n,  and  the  other  ka* 
port  towns.  It  is  3  miles  from  F'rincc- 
ton,  lifroiii  Wint()n,50  S  by  Wot Edeii- 
ton,  and  421  S  \V  ot  Philadelphia. 

Mut^a  Mr^u  Jiivti,  on  the  coafl  of 
Ciiili  in  S.  Americi,  is  iouthward  of  the 
S  point  of  Quintero  Day,  and  not  far 
It'Oin  the  entrance  into  Chili  river.  It  is 
not  navigable,  but  is  very  good  to  w.»ter 
ill. 

Miirr/iy  Tnivii/lrifi,  in  the  CO.  of  North* 
umberland,  U.  Can.tda,  lies  to  the  no'th- 
ward  of  the  iflhmiis  which  joinj  the  co. 
an<l  peninfula  of  Friiirc  Edward  to  the 
main.  It  is  walhed  by  the  waters  of  lake 
Ontario  and  the  river  Trent,  a.^  well  a* 
tliofe  of  the  bay  of  Qulntc.         Smytli. 

Mufclc  Bank,  at  the  entrance  into  Trin- 
ity Bay  or  harbour,  in  th<"  diredlion  of 
S  W  on  the  £  coad  of  Newfoundland 
llland. 

Mufele  Say,  in  the  Straits  of  Maitelian, 
in  S.  America,  is  half  way  between  Eliza- 
beth's Bay,  and  York  Road ;  in  which 
there  is  good  anchorage  with  a  wcderly 
wind. 

MufiU  Bay,  or  Mifflllonet,  oO  the  coafJ 
of  Chill  or  Peru,  ''n  S.  America,  j  leagueu 
S  by  W  of  Atacama. 

Mufele  sfjiali^in  TcnnclTee  river,  about 
250  miles  from  its  mouth,  extend  a!>ou^ 
aj  miles,  and  derive  their  name  from  the 
number  of  Toft  fliell  turtles  and  frclh 
water  clams  found  there.  At  this  place 
the  river  fprtadi  to  the  breadth  of  j  or 
3  miles,  and  forms  a  number  of  illands; 
and  the  pafl'.igc  is  difficult,  except  when 
there  is  a  fwell  in  the  river.  From  thi» 
place  up  to  the  Whirl  or  .Suck,  where  the 
river  breaks  throujjh  the  Oreai  Ridge, 
or  Cumberland  Mountain,  is  250  milet, 
the  navigation  ail  the  way  excellent. 
From  thefc  flio.iU  10  tht  navigalilc  water* 
of  the  Coofce  is  40  miles,  i.hence  to  M(y 
bile  bay  350. 

Mujiojrti.'-Tt,  M Jh'<gee,  or,  at  they  are 
more  commonly  called,  Cretk  Indians,  in- 
habit the  middle  parts  of  Georgia.  The 
Creek  or  Muikogulge  language,  which 


i 


Mm 


M   i;i 


_J/ 


M  U  S 


M  tj  S 


I»  foft  and  mufical,  v.  fpt.kcn  throughout 
the  confederacy,  (although  confifling  of 
(nany  nations,  who  have  a  fi)ccch  pcculi- 
ar  to  theirfclves)  as  alfo  by  thtir  friends 
and  allies  the  Natchez.  The  Chicnfaw 
and  Chddlaw  language,  the  Mufkogulges 
fay,  is  a  dialecfl:  of  thtirs.  The  Mufko- 
gulges eminently  defervc  the  encomium 
of  alt  nations  for  their  wifdom  and  vrrtue, 
in  expelling  the  greatcf^,  itnd  even  the 
common  enemy  of  mankind,  viz. ^iri/uavj 
ltqu',rs.  The  firft  and  moft  cogent  article 
in  all  their  treaties  with  the  white  people 
is,  that  ••  there  fliall  not  be  any  kind  of 
fpirituous  liquors  fold  or  brought  into 
their  towns."  Inftances  hav:  frequently 
occurred,  on  the  difcovery  of  attempts 
to  run  kegs  of  i'pirits  into  thei.'  country, 
of  the  Indians  flriking  them  with  their 
tomahawks,  and  giving  the  liquor  to  the 
thjrfty  fand,  not  tafting  a  drop  ti.emftlvcs. 
It  is  difficult  to  account  for  thc.tr  excel- 
lent policy  in  civil  governm  .iit  ;  it  cin- 
not  derive  its  efficacy  from  coercive  laws, 
for  they  have  no  fuch  artificial  fyftem. 
Some  of  their  mofl  favourite  fongs  and 
dances  they  have  from  their  enemies,  the 
Cha<flaws ;  for  it  feems  that  nation  is  very 
eminent  for  poetry  and  mutic.  The  Muf- 
kogulges allow  of  polygamy  in  the  utmoft 
latitude ;  every  man  takes  as  many  wives 
as  he  pleafes,  but  the  iirfl  is  queen,  and 
the  others  her  handmaids  and  afTociatcs. 
The  Creek  or  Mulkogulgc  confederacy 
have  55  towns,  befidts  many  villages. 
The  powerful  empire  of  the  Mufkogulges 
eflablifhed  itfelf  upon  the  ruin  of  that  of 
the  Natchez.  The  Oakmulge  Fields  was  the 
firft  fettlement  they  fat  down  upon,  after 
their  emigration  from  the  weft,  beyond 
the  Mifntippi,  their  original  native  coun- 
try. They  gradually  fubdued  their  fur- 
rounding  enemies,  ftrcngthening  them- 
felves  by  taking  iuto  confederacy  the 
Tanquiflied  tribes.  I'heir  whole  num- 
ber, fome  years  fince,  was  i7,»8o,  of 
which  5,860  were  fighting  men.  La- 
ter accounts  fay  6,000  fighting  men,  and 
46,000  fouls  in  all.  Every  town  and  vil- 
lage has  one  cflablillud  white  trader  in 
it,  and  generally  a  family  of  whites,  who 
have  fled  from  fome  part  of  the  frontiers. 
They  often,  to  have  revenge,  and  to  ob- 
tain plunder  that  may  be  taken,  tife  their 
influence  to  fend  out  predatory  parties 
againfl  the  fettlements  in  their  vicinity. 
The  Creeks  are  very  badly  armed ;  hav- 
ing few  rifles,  and  arc  modiy  armed  with 
mufkets.  For  near  40  years  paft,  the 
€rcck  ludUant  have  had  little  intercourfc 


/ 


with  afly  other  foreigners,  but  thofe  of 
the  Englifli  nation.  I'heir  prejudice  in 
favour  of  every  thing  Englifh,  has  been 
carefully  kept  alive  by  torics  nnd  other* 
to  this  day.  Mofl  of  their  towns  have 
now  in  their  pofllffion.  Britifh  drums 
with  the  arnH  of  the  nation,  and  other 
emblems  painted  cu  them,  and  fnrae  of 
their  fquaws  preferve  the  remnants  of 
Rritilli  flags  !  They  ftill  believe  that  «Thc 
Great  King  over  the  water"  is  able  to 
keep  the  whole  world  in  fubjeiSlion.  The 
land  of  the  country  is  a  common  flock  ; 
and  any  individual  may  remove  from 
one  part  of  it  to  ancjther,  and  occupy  va- 
cant ground  where  he  can  find  it.  The 
country  is  naturally  divided  into  3  dif- 
tri<5ts.  viz.  the  Upper  Creeks,  Lower  and 
Middle  Creeks,  and  Seniinoles.  The  up- 
per diftri(i\  includes  all  the  waters  of  the 
Tallapuofce,  Coofahatchee,  and  Alabama 
rivers,  and  is  called  the  Abbacoes.  The 
Lower  or  Middle  diflridt  includes  all  the 
waters  of  the  Chattahoofec  and  Flint  riv- 
ers, down  to  their  juntllion,  andalthougU 
occupied  by  a  great  number  of  different 
tribes,  the  whole  are  called  Cowetaulgas, 
or  Coweta  people,  from  the  Cotiretan 
town  and  tribe,  the  mofl  warlike  Mid  an- 
cient of  any  in  the  whole  nation.  The 
Lower  or  Southern  diflrid^  takes  in  the 
riv;.r  Appalachicola,  and  extends  to  the 
point  of  £.  Florida,  and  is  called  the 
country  of  the  Seminules.  Asriculture 
is  as  far  advanced  with  the  Indians,  as  it 
can  well  be,  without  the  proper  imple- 
ments of  hufbandry.  A  very  large  ma- 
jority of  the  nation  being  devoted  to 
hunting  in  the  winter,  and  to  war  or 
idlenefs  in  fummer,  cultivate  but  fmall 
parcels  of  ground,  barely  fufficient  for 
fubfiflence.  But  many  individuals,  (par- 
ticularly on  Flint  river,  and  among  the 
Chehaws,  who  pofTefs  numbers  of  ne- 
groes) have  fenced  fields,  tolerably  well 
cultivated :  having  no  ploughs,  they 
breakup  the  ground  with  hoes, and  fcat- 
ter  the  feed  promifcuoufly  over  the 
ground  in  hills,  but  not  in  rows.  They 
railc  hotfcs,  cattle,  fowls,  and  hogs.  The 
only  articles  they  manufadlurc  are  carth- 
etn  pots  and  pans,  bafkets,  horfc-ropes 
or  halters,  fmoaked  leather,  black  marble 
pipes,  wooden  fpoons,  and  oil  from  acotnk, 
hickory  nuts  and  chtfnuts.  They  con- 
fifl  of  the  Appalachies,  Alibamas,  Abecai, 
Cawittaws,  Coofas,  Confl^acks,  Coofac- 
tees,  Chacfihoomas,  Natchez,  Oconies, 
Oakmulgies,  Okohoys,  Pakanas,  Tacnfas, 
Talcpoofas,  Wectumkai,  and  fome  othem . 

Th«ir 


M  U  S 


NAB 


Their  union  has  rendered  tliena  vi(flori- 
ou»  over  the  Chadlaws,  and  forinidahle 
to  all  the  nations  around  them.  They 
arc  a  well  made,  expert,  hardy,  liigacious, 
politic  peoplf,  extremely  jealous  of  their 
rights,  and  averfe  to  p.i;"ting  with  their 
lands.  Tlicy  h^ve  abundance  of  tame 
cattle  and  j'winciturkies,  ducks,  and  oth- 
er poultry  ;  they  cultivate  tobacco,  rice, 
Indian  corn,  p xatoes,  hcans,  peas,  cab- 
bage, me'ons,an(i  have  plenty  of  peaches, 
plums,  grapes,  ftrawberrics,  and  other 
fruits.  They  are  f^iithful  friends,  but  in- 
veterate enemies ;  hofpitable  to  grangers, 
and  lioneft  and  fair  in  their  dealings.  No 
nation  has  a  more  contemptible  opinion 
of  the  white  men's  faith  in  general  than 
thefc  people,  yet  they  place  great  confi- 
dence in  the  United  Scutes,  and  wifli  to 
agree  with  them  upon  a  permanent 
boundary,  over  which  thr  fouthern  States 
fliall  not  trefpafs.  The  country  which 
they  claim  is  bounded  northward  by 
about  the  34th  degree  of  latitude  ;  and 
extends  from  the  Tombeckbce,  or  Mobile 
river,  to  the  Atlantic  ocean,  though  they 
have  ceded  a  part  of  this  tradt  on  the 
fea  coaft,  by  difFercnt  treaties,  to  the 
State  of  Georgia.  Their  principal  towns 
lie  in  lat.  32  and  long.  11  zo  from  Phila- 
delphia. They  arc  fettled  in  a  hilly  but 
not  mountainous  country.  The  foil  is 
fruitful  in  a  high  degree,  and  well  water- 
ed,abounding  in  creeks  and  rivulets,  from 
whence  they  are  called  the  Greet  Indhm. 

Mufconecunh,  a  fniall  river  of  N.  Jeriey, 
which  empties  into  the  Oe'nware  6  miles 
below  Eafiun. 

Mujhingum,  that  is,  Em's  Eye,  a  naviga- 
ble river  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  It  is  zjo 
yards  wide  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Ohio,  17a  miles  below  Pittfourg,  includ- 
ing the  windings  of  Ohio,  though  in  a  di- 
XC&.  line  it  is  but  90  miles.  At  its  mouth 
(lands  Fort  Harn^ar  and  Marietta.  Its 
banks  are  fo  high  as  to  prevent  its  over- 
flowing, and  it  is  navigable  by  large  bat- 
teaux  and  barges  to  the  Three  Legs,  no 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  by  fmall  boats 
to  the  lake  at  its  head,  45  miles  farther. 
From  thence,  by  a  portage  of  about  one 
mile,  a  communication  is  opened  to  Lake 
Erie,  through  Cayahoga,  a  (Iream  of  great 
utility,  navigable  the  whole  length,  with- 
out ativ  obftruiflion  from  falls.  From 
Lake  Erie,  the  avenue  is  well  known  to 
Hudfon's  river  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 
The  land  on  this  river  and  its  branches 
is  of  a  fuperior  quality,  and  the  country 
ab«undi  it)  fpringb  and  conveniences  fit- 


ted to  fcttlnnents  remote  froTi  fea  navi- 
gation, viz.  fait  fprin«i;s,  coal,  free-ftone, 
and  clay.  A  valuable  fait  fpring  has 
been  very  latdy  difcovcrcd,  8  miles  frcm 
this  river,  and  .50  from  Marietta,  called 
the  B'g  f^pri.^g.  .Such  a  quantity  of  water 
flows,  as  to  keep  1000  gilions  conftantly 
boiling.  Ten  gallons  of  this  water  will 
afFcrd  a  qiriri  of  f,i!t  of  fupetior  quality 
to  any  made  on  the  fea  coaft. 

M:ijk'mvus,  a  fiiiall  river  which  has  its 
fources  in  pc>nd<  ir  the  town  of  Union  in 
the  CO.  of  Lincoln,  Maine,  and  tntfrs"  thff 
fea  throiijih  the  a<lj'>iningtownf)f  Waldo- 
boron  qh.     It  is  about  20  miles  lonj. 

M'ljkofi^vs  Bay,  formed  by  Bridol  or 
Pemaquid  point  on  the  W,  and  Mcdun- 
cook  plantation  on  the  ea(V. 

M.ijirjiigus  I/Jjnil,  in  Mufkongus  bay, 
cont^tins  about  looo  acres.  This  Indian 
name  is  alfo  applied  to  a  grant  or  claim 
of  land  called  Tie  Mujiungut  Patent. 

M'/jtmliet  Indians  inhabit  the  fouthern 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan,  having,  29 
years  ago,  200  warriors. 

Mufqiictons,  an  Indian  tribe  inhabiting 
near  Lake  Michigan. 

Mi'fquitn  River  and  Buy  He  at  a  fmall 
diflance  N  of  Cape  Canaverel,  on  the 
coaft  of  E.  Florida.  The  banks  of  Muf- 
quito  river  towards  the  continent  abound 
in  trees  and  plants  common  to  Florida, 
with  pleafant  orange  groyes ;  whiirt  the 
narrow  ftrips  of  land  towards  the  fea, 
ate  moftly  fand  hills. 

Mttfquitoniy  an  Indian  nation  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Piankefliaws  and 
Outtagomies;  which  fee. 

Myerjiown,  a  village  of  Dauphin  co. 
Pennfyivania,  lituated  on  the  N  fide  of 
Tulpehockon  creek,  a  few  miles  below 
the  canal.  It  contains  about  25  houfes, 
and  is  34  miles  E  by  N  of  Harrifburg, 
and  77  from  Philadelphia. 

JMynomanies,  or  Minomaniet,  an  Indian 
tribe,  who  with  the  tribes  of  Chipeways 
and  Saukcys,  live  near  Bay  Puan,  and 
could  together  furnilli,  about  20  years 
'go>  SS'^  warriors.  The  Minomaniei 
have  almut  300  fighting  men. 

Myrtle  IJland,  one  of  the  Chandelcurs  or 
Myrtle  Iflands.in  NafTau  Bay,  on  the  coafi 
of  Florida,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  peninfuL^ 

NaAMAITs    Creek,   a    fmall    ftream 
which  runs  foutheafterly  into  Debiware 
river,  at  Marcus*  Hook. 
Nah't  May,nt.vt  the  wefteru  limit  of 

Hudfin'tf 


■i 


NAN 


NAM 


Hudfon'«  Bay,  known  by  the  name  of  the 

Welcome   Sea.      Cape   Elkimaux   i»   its 
fouthern  point  cr  entrance. 

Naco,  A  town  of  New  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Honduras,  jo  jnilc*  N  W  oi 
Valadolid. 

Nabant  Point  forms  the  N  E  point  of 
Bofton  harbour,  in  Maflachuietts ;  9 
piiles  E  li  E  of  Bofton.  N  lat.  47  :.• ,  W 
long.  70  57.      See  Lynn  Beach. 

N'ahunktag,  a  imall  illand  in  Ketinel>eck 
river,  ^i  miles  from  the  i'ea,  fignilifs.  in 
the  hidian  language,  the  land  where  e.ch 
JlTc  taken. 

Nuin,  a  Moravian  I'ettlement.  wiiioh 
was  cftabliflud  in  1763,  oh  Lehigh  n  <r, 
in  Petiufylvania 

Nun,  a  fcttltment  of  the  Moravians  on 
the  coaft  of  Labrador,  near  the  entranci. 
of  Davis's  Straits,  bting  S  S  W  of  Cape 
Farewell.  It  was  begun  under  the  pm- 
^if^ion  of  the  Britifli  government,  but  is 
jjow  defcrted. 

Numajket,  3  fmaU  river  which  empties 
into  Narraganfet  Bay. 

Nanjemoy  Rive:,  a  fliort  creek  which 
empties  into  the  Patowmac  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland,  fouthweftward  of  Port 
Tobacco  river. 

Nanjtmuy,  Charlcs  CO.  Maryland.  Here 
is  a  port  office, 44  miles  from  \y'afliiugton. 

Nanjemond,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on  the 
S  fide  of  James'  river,  and  W  of  Norfolk 
CO,  on  the  N.  Carolina  line.  It  is  about 
44  miles  in  lengtii,  and  24  in  breadth, 
and  contains  11,127  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 4,408  Haves. 

Natiftmond,  a  fliort  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifcs  in  Great  Difmal  Swamp,  and 
purfuing  a  N  then  a  N  £  diredlion,  emp- 
ties into  James*,  river,  a  few  miles  W  of 
Elizabeth  river.  It  is  navigable  to  Sleepy 
Hole,  for  vefTels  of  «jo  tons ;  to  Suffolk, 
for  thofe  of  loo  tons ;  and  to  Mihier's, 
for  thofe  of  a?  tons. 

X^anlajket  Road,  may  be  conCdered  as 
the  entrance  into  the  channels  of  Boflon 
harbour ;  lies  S  of  the  light-houfe,  near 
Rainsford  or  Hofpital  Illand.  A,  vcflel 
may  anchor  here  in  from  7  to  5  fathoms 
in  fafcty.  Two  huts  are  eretfked  here 
with  accommodatiuns  for  fliipwrccked 
feamen. 

Nantictke  Creek,  now  called  the  river 
Wavenny,  in  U.  Canada,  empties  into  L. 
£ric  bettveen  Long  Point  and  Grand 
River. 

Nantieoke,  a  navigable  river  of  the  eaft- 
«rn  fliore  of  Maryland,  empties  into  the 
^hefapc^k  Bay. 


Nantieokei,  an  Indian  nation  ^vho  Un- 
merly  lived  in  Maryland,  upon  the  abov« 
river.  They  firft  retired  tp  the  SufquC" 
hannah,  and  then  farther  north.  They 
were  {killed  in  the  art  of  pbifoning ;  by 
which  fhocking  art  nearly  their  whole 
tribe  wafi  extirpated,  as  well  as  fome  of 
their  neighbours.  Thefe,  with  the  Mo- 
hicknns  and  Conoys,  ,^0  years  ago  inhab- 
ited TJtfonaiigo,  Chagnef  -«nd  Ow^-gy,  on 
the  li  branch  of  the  Sufquef/vnnah  The 
iwo  firft  could  at  that  period  furnifii  100, 
warriors  each  ;  und  the  Conoys  30  war- 
fiOrs. 

Nintmill,  Eajl  and  IVefi.  two  townflii]>i 
m  Cheftcr  en.  p.  nnfylvania. 

Nantucket  If.anJ,  belonging  to  the  State 
•y  Maflachiifcit?,  is  fituated  between  lat. 
4r  13,  .md  .it  %%  30  N,  and  between  69 
56,  and  70  13  30  W  Ion.  and  is  about  8 
leagues  fouthward  of  Cnpe  Cod,  and  lies 
eaftward  of  the  ifland  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard. !r  is  15  miles  in  length,  and  11  in 
breadth,  including  Sandy  Point ;  but  its 
general  breaciih  is,  i\  miles.  This  is 
thought  to  be  the  iOand  called  Nauticon 
by  ancient  ^oyj'gers.  There  is  but  one 
bay  of  any  note,  and  that  is  formed  by 
a  long  i'andy  point,  extending  from  the 
E  end  of  the  illand  to  the  N  and  W  (on 
which  fiands  a  light-houfe,  which  was 
ercdted  by  the  State  in  1784)  and  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  ifland  as  far  as  EeJ  Point, 
This  makes  a  fine  road  for  fliips,  except 
v/ith  the  wind  at  N  W,  when  there  is  a 
heavy  fwell.  The  harbour  has  a  bar  of 
fand,  on  which  are  only  7|  feet  of  water 
at  ebb  tide,  but  within  it  has  iz  and  14 
feet.  The  ifland  conftitutes  .i  county  of 
its  own  name,  and  contains  5,617  inhabit- 
ants, and  fends  one  reprefcntativc  to  the 
General  Court.  There  i?  a  duck  manu" 
fa<£lcry  here,  and  lo  fpermaceti  works. 
The  inhabitants  are,  for  the  moft  part,  a 
robuft  and  enterprifing  fet  of  people 
moftly  feamen  and  mechanics.  The  f'  »■ 
men  are  the  moft  expert  whale-mea  ui 
the  world.  The  whale  fifliery  originated 
among  the  white  inhabitants  in  the  year 
1690,  in  boats  from  the  fliore.  In  17 15, 
they  had  6  floops,  38  tons  burden,  and 
the  fiflierv  produced  iiool.  (l:erl.  From 
177  a,  to  1775,  the  fifliery  employed  150 
fail  from  90  to  180  tons,  upon  the  coaft 
of  Guinea,  Brazil,  pnd  the  Weft  Indies ; 
the  produce  of  which  amounted  to  167, 
oool.  fterl.  The  late  war  almoft  ruined 
this  bufinefs.  They  have  fincc,  however, 
revived  it  again,  and  purfue  the  whales 
even  into  the  great  Pacific  Ocean .    There 

i« 


Iflex  CO. 
fcveral  ot 
3,000  Inc 
kind  to  Hi 
other,  am 
nated  by 
who  intrt 
foon  bega 
no  mater 
them, 
the  white 
fine,  they 
cept   fom( 
retained 
pefs  carrii 
and  they 
and  16  fe 
Naniuck 

town,  eaf 

above  ill. 

endinj  Se| 

dollars. 

ford,  123 

of  Philacl, 
Naniuck 

out  above 

lircadth, 

(lame. 


NAN 


N  A  S 


|t  not  here  a  fingle  tree  of  natural  growth ; 
rhcy  have  a  place  called  The  Woods, 
out  it  hat  been  deAltute  of  trees  for  thefe 
60  years  pail.  The  ifland  had  formerly 
plenty  of  wopd.  The  people,  cfpecially 
the  females,  are  fondly  attached  to  the 
ifland,  and  few  wifli  to  migrate  to  a  more 
defirahle  fituation.  The  people  are  mod- 
ly  Fritndt,  or  Quakers.  There  ii  one  fo- 
ciety  of  Congregationalifls.  Some  part 
of  the  £  end  of  the  ifland,  known  by  the 
name  of  Sjuam,  and  fome  few  other  pla- 
ces, are  held  as  private  farms.  At  pref- 
«nt,  there  are  near  500  proprietors  of  the 
ifland.  The  proportional  number  of  cat- 
tle, flicep,  &c.  put  out  to  pafture,  and  the 
Qoantity  of  ginund  to  raife  crops,  are 
minutely  rej^ulatcd  ;  and  proper  officers 
are  appointed,  who,  in  their  books  debit 
and  credit  the  proprietors  accordingly. 
In  the  month  of  June,  each  proprietor 
aives  in  «*  the  cierks  the  number  of  his 
ftieep,  caW^j**  and  horfes,  that  he  may  be 
charged  witfe  4\em  '■  a  the  books ;  and  if 
the  number  be  ^wrr  than  he  is  entitled 
to  by  his  rights,  lie  hires  ground  of  his 
neighbours  who  liavc  lefs.  But  if  the 
proprietors  altogeth'f  have  more  than 
their  number,  the  ovc/jflus  arc  citiicr  kill- 
ed or  tranfported  from  tli*-  ifland. 

In  the  year  1659,  when  Thomas  Macy 
removed  with  his  family  from  Salifbury  in 
Eflex  CO.  to  the  W  end  of  the  ifland,  with 
fcveral  other  families,  there  were  nrarly 
3,000  Indians  on  the  ifland  who  were 
kind  to  ftrangcrs,  and  bei.^voleut  to  each 
other,  and  lived  happiSjr  .,ncil  contami- 
nated by  the  bad  example  of  the  whites, 
who  introduced  rum  ;  and  their  number 
foon  began  to  decreafe.  I'he  whites  had 
no  material  quarrel  or  difficulty  with 
them.  The  natives  fold  their  lands,  and 
the  whites  went  on  purchafuig ;  till,  in 
fine,  they  have  obtained  the  whole,  ex- 
cept fome  fmall  rights,  which  are  ftill 
retained  by  the  natives.  A  mortal  fick- 
jiefs  carried  ofF  22a  of  them  in  1764  ; 
and  they  arc  now  reduced  to  4  males, 
and  16  females. 

Nantuclet,  (formerly  Sherburne  J  a  port 
town,  capital  'Xid  port  of  entry  in  the 
above  ifland.  I'lie  exports  in  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30, 1794,  amounted  to  20,514 
dollars.  It  is  60  miles  S  E  of  New  Bed- 
ford, la,^  S  W  of  Norton,  and  38a  E  N  E 
of  Philadelphia. 

Nantucket  Sboal,  a  bank  which  ftretches 
out  above  15  leagues  in  length,  and  6  in 
l)readtb,  to  (he  S  £  fforo  the  Uland  of  its 
pame.  ' 


Kantuxet  Bay,  N.  Jcrfey,  is  oa  the  eaft. 
em  fide  of  Delaware  Bay,  oppofitc  Bom* 
bay  Hook. 

Karrafranfet  Bay,  Rhode  Ifland, makei  up 
from  S  to  N.betwei  a  the  main  land  on  the 
E  and  W.  It  emboloms  many  fruitful  and 
beautiful  iflands.theprincipal  of  which  are 
Rhode  Ifland,  Canonicut,  Prudence,  Pa- 
tience, Hopc,Dyei's,and  Hoglflands.  The 
chief  harbours  are  Newport,  Wickford, 
Warren,  Briftol,  and  Greenwich,  befidcs 
Providence  and  Patuxct  ;  the  latter  is 
near  the  mouth  of  Patuxet  river,  which 
falls  into  Providence  river.  Taunton 
river  and  many  I'maller  ftreanis  fall  into 
this  capacious  bay.  It  aft'ords  fine  fiih, 
oyfters  and  Icbfters  in  great  plenty. 

Narraguagus  Bay.  A  part  of  the  bay 
between  Goldfborough  and  Machias,  in, 
Walhington  co.  Maine,  goes  by  this  name. 
From  theuce  for  the  fpacc  of  60  or  79 
miles,  the  navigator  finds,  within  a  grtai 
number  of  fine  iflands,  a  fecure  and  plc;>f- 
ant  fliip-way.  Many  of  theie  ifl.incis  are 
inhabited,  and  make  a  fine  appearance. 
A  river  of  the  fame  name  falls  into  the 
bay,  through  the  town  of  Harrington. 

Narraguagus,  a  town  on  the  above  bay, 
now  Steuben  ;  which  fee. 

Narro-ws,  The.  The  narrow  pafiags 
from  fea,  between  Long  and  Stateil  lll- 
ands  into  the  bay  which  fpreads  before 
N.  York  cit'  ,  formed  by  the  jun(£tion  of 
Hudfon  and  E^fl  rivers,  is  thus  called. 
This  ftrait  is  9  uv.  .-s  S  of  the  city  of  N. 
York. 

Narrov,  TbefZ  'iidit,  about  3  mile* 
broad,  bei  ttn  tl. ?  elands  irf  Nevi?  and 
St  Chriflopher'"!  (i.anlj,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Narrotvs,  'I'h'.  or  Petite  Detroit,  in  the 
river  St.  I.a  vtence  in  U  T-inacla, is  be- 
tween Gr(  'icr  Ifland  and  ifi  town.lu,* 
No.  10,  or  Licot,  nov  inr'uJi.d  in  'if oiige. 

Najb,  a  CO.  of  Halifax  diflrirt,  K.  Car- 
olina, containir.T;  6,975  inhabits:  c,  of 
whom  2,596  are  flaves.  There  i:  a  large 
and  valunl'i''  body  of  iron  <rt  <n  this 
CO.  but  only  or.c  bloomcry  li.if>  been 

ercdled.  'i"hc  c(nirt  houfe,  whue  a  poll 
office  is  kept,  is  28  miles  from  Tarbor- 
ough,  and  as  f,ir  from  Lewifl>Lirg. 

Najbaun,  or  N^trti'/hatb/t,  imt:  of  '.\e  Eliz- 
abeth Ifles,  the  property  of  the  Hon. 
James  Bowdoin,  Efq.  of  liollcii,  atuatcd 
at  the  mouth  of  Buzzard's  i.'<y  and  3 
miles  from  the  extremity  of  the  peninfu- 
la  of  Barnftable  co.  Confiderable  num- 
bers cf  fheep  and  cattle  are  fupported 
upon  this  ifland;  and  it  has  become  fa- 
mous ffM*  its  excellent  wool  and  ch.cic. 


■Ml 


.'     f 


*' 


?'.,     k 


■   f^' 


N  A  S 

Here  Capt.  Iirthof^iTicw  Gofnold  land- 
ed in  1601,  and  took  up  his  abode  for 
fome  time. 

N:ifiiie  River,  is  a  confideraMc  ftream 
in  Wortcfter  ro.  Maiii'.chufttts,  and  has 
rich  interval  lands  on  its  banks.  It  en- 
ters Merrimack  river  at  Dunftablt.  Its 
courfe  is  N  N  E. 

Nijhvitle,  a  pnfV  tr)\vn  oi  Mero  DiftritSt 
in  TcnnciTec,  plealantly  fltmted  in  Da- 
vidfon  cc.  on  tlu*  S  bank  o(  Cumberland 
river,  t^here  it  is  zoo  yards  iirojid.  It  was 
naiiitrd  alter  Erip  Gen.  Fruncis  Nafli,  who 
fell  on  the  4tli  of  Oil.  177  7,  in  the  battle 
of  Germantown.  It  is  regularly  bidont, 
»nd  contains  .^45  inhabitants,  a  court- 
hoiifc,  gaol,  an  acadfniy  liberally  cn- 
dov/ed,  a  elm:  ch  for  Prcfbytcrians,  and 
one  for  Mcthodifts.  Ir  is  the  feat  of  the 
conrts  held  fcmi-anniially  for  the  diftritft 
of  Mero.  and  of  the  courts  of  pitas  and 
quarter  feflions  for  Davidfon  co.  It  is 
185  miles  W  of  Knoxville,  66  from  Bi;j; 
Salt  Lick  ,c>arrifon,  190  S  by  W  of  Lex- 
incrton  in  Kentucky,  635  ^V  by  S  of  H  ieh- 
mond  in  Virginia,  and  1015  W  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  '^a  45,  W  long.  87 
8.  Heavy  articles  are  brought  here  trnm 
N.  Orleans  in  boats  of  20  tons  burden ; 
the  vc/age  generally  requires  60  days. 

N'^eag  Point,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
is  the  eaiiern  point  of  Penobfeot  Bay,  in 
the  town  of  Sedgwick. 

Nrtfpatudet   Rivrr.     See   Wanafpatucktt. 
Nnjfas  River.      See  5.'.  Aiidrr. 
N^ffau  Bay,   or  Sfirito  S  into,  is  a  large  ! 
bay  on  the  coafl  of  W.  Florida,  about  70  ! 
miles  from  N  to  S.     It  has  4  iflands  on  a  ! 
line  for  50  miles  from  S  W  to  N  E,  with  ; 
openings  between  them  a  mile  or  two  ' 
wide.     The  mofl  northerly  is  called  Myr- 
tle Ifland.  between  which,  and  the  conti-  ! 
nent,  is  the  entrance  of  the  bay.     The  i 
bay  is  15  miles  broad  from  IvTyrtlc  Ifland  ; 
to  a  TOW  of  iflands  running  parallel  with  i 
the  main  land,  and  another  bay  between 
them  ftretching  50  or  60  miles  to  the  S, 
as  far  as  one  of  the  final  ler  mouths  of  the 
MilTlfippi.     See  Najfau  Road. 

Ntijfau  Bay,  an  extcnfive  bay  of  the 
ocean,  on  the  S  coafl:  of  Terra  del  Fuego 
idand,  at  the  S  extremity  of  S.  Ameri'-*. 
It  is  to  the  E  of  falfe  Cape  Horn,  wlileli 
forms  the  wefVern  limit  of  the  bay  ;  Cape 
Horn  being  the  S  point  of  the  fouthern- 
moft  of  the  Hermit's  Illands,  a  group  of 
illands  which  lie  ofTthe  coaft  oppofitc  to 
this  bay.  This  bay  is  large  and  open, 
well  flieltered  from  the  tempefts  of  the 
•cean.    It  is  capable  of  holding  a  fleet  of 


N  A  S 

fliips ;  and  though  there  are  fmall  iflands 
near  its  entrance,  all  the  dangers  arc  vifi- 
blc,  and  flijps  may  fail  freely  betweea 
them,  or  on  each  fide  of  them.  See  Mif' 
taken  Cape, 

Njffju  Ct.fi;  on  the  coaft  of  Surrinam, 
or  N  L  of  S.  America,  is  to  the  N  N  W  of 
Efleqiiibo  gulf,  and  the  E  point  of  the  en- 
trance into  the  river  I'umaron.  It  is  in 
?h(MU  lat.  7  .joN,  and  long.  59  30  W. 

Njipiu  Cnpt,  on  the  N  fliore  of  Ttr(a 
Firma.  S.  Amcfii.a. 

N-rJfjii,  a  fniall  town  in  Dauphin  co. 
l^ennfylvania.  It  contain,*  a  German 
church,  and  about  35  houfes.  It  is  alfo 
called  KtfnijiiioivH. 

N :ff.iu  Ijlai'd,  at  th-  mouth  of  Byrant 
river, in  Long  Iiland  Sound. 

Najf.iu  Road,  on  the  coafl  of  Wcfl-Flori- 
da,  lies  W  of  Mobile  Bay,  j  leagues  to 
the  northward  of  Ship  Ifland,  and  within 
the  north  end  of  the  Chandeleurs  or  Myr- 
tle Iflands.     It  is  one  of  the  beft  roads  for 
large  vefl'els  on  the  whole  coafl  of  Florida. 
It  alTords  good  (belter  from  winds   that 
blov,'  on  fliore,  has  no  bar,  and  is  eafy  of 
accefs.  Veffels.however,  mud  not  gowith- 
in  -I  of  a  mile  of  the  infide  of  the  ifland, 
it  being  flioal  near  that  diflance  from  the 
ihorc.     VefTels  may  go  round  the  north 
end  of  it  from  the  fea  in  ^\  and  6  fathoms, 
at  i  a  mile  from  the  fliore,  and  afterwards 
mufl   keep  in  4^  and  J  fathoms  till  the 
north  point   bears  N  N  E  about  a  miles, 
where  they  can  anchor  in  4  fathoms  good 
holding  ground,  fheltercd    from  eafterly 
and  foutherly  winds ;  this  is  neccfTary  for 
all  velTcIs  frequenting  the  coafl  of  Florida, 
as  cafterly  winds  are  very  frequent.  There 
is  frefli  water  to  be  got  any  where  on  the 
Cliandeleurs  by  digging;  and  there  \i  a 
kind  of  welt  at  the  north  end, near  an  old 
hut.     Tlierc  is  wo  wood  to  be  found  here 
but  drift  wood,  of  which   there  is  grca< 
plenty  along  fliore.     NalTau  Road  wa« 
iirft    difcovered  by  Dr.  Daniel  Cox,    o' 
New-Jerfey,  who  named  it  fo  in  honou- 
of  the  reigning  Prince,  William  III.     H 
alfo  gave  the  name  of  Myrtle  Iflands  to 
thyfe   afterwards  called  ChaD^leufs,  by 
the  Trench,  from  the  candh  s  made  of  the 
myrtle  wax,    with  which    thefc    illanda 
abound. 

Ntijau  River,  on  the  coafl  of  Eafl- Flori- 
da, has  a  bar  generally  about  8  feet  water, 
but  is  fubje(fl  to  fliiftirg.  The  titles  are 
about  7  feet  zt  low  fpring  tides.  A«  F,  S 
1<^  moon  makes  high  water  Iicrc,as  alfo  in 
inoft  places  along  the  coafl. 

Najfau,  the  chief  town  of  Providence 

Ifland^ 


Mand, 
•f  gove 
only  po 
lec  Bal 

Nap, 

Nata, 

•f  Terrs 

Nata  lie 

Daricn, 

From  h< 

vifl(ms  a 

habitant 

miles  N 

and  deej 

in  cafes  ( 

be  em  ha 

quently 

extends  t 

13,  V,    h) 

Nuta  1 

is  at  the 
from  wh« 
guera  Poi 
to  the  N 
point.  It 
bay,  whic 
this  great 
Natacbq 

coaft  »)f  L 
weftward 
Mount  Joi 
cape  in  lat 
The  little] 
«f  this. 

Natal, 
ef  the  Ri 
Brazil 
four-fquar 
trance  of  1 
dangerous 
Caflle  of 
des  Tres 
.■?  leagues! 
good  anch 
fathoms,  ai 
NcitcLet. 
Cflppi  terri 
fippi,30o 
ijo  by  th 
Cath.  chui 
Nutthtx 
who  tornu 
the  E  fide 
is  fituated 
fefled,  in 
niains  of  t 
''hich  the 
The  Creel 
fhc  ruins 
SBBipJctc* 


inS 


NAT 


N  A  V 


ttiand,  one  of  the  Bahai^ae  ''"  Teat 

•f  government.    N  lat.  %s  ''>e 

only  port  of  entry  except  at  ianil. 

See  Bahamat, 

Najlla,  a  town  of  Mexico,     occ  Angelas. 

Nuta,  a  town  and  bay  ir  the  province 
•f  Terra  Firma,  S,  America.  The  bay  of 
Nata  lies  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  Ifthnms  of 
Daricn,  and  on  the  Nortlj  Pacific  Ocean. 
From  hence  and  the  adjacent  parts,  pro- 
vifions  aie  fent  for  the  fupply  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Panama,  which  city  is  67 
mile*  N  E  of  Nata.  The  bay  is  f'pacious 
and  deep,  but  is  not  ufed  by  fliips,  but 
in  cafes  of  neceffity,  as  they  are  liable  to 
be  embayed  by  the  winds  that  blow  fre- 
quently at  E  upon  the  iTiore.  The  bay 
extends  to  the  iiland  Iguenas.  N  lat.  8 
12,  V»   long.  81  12, 

^Lita  Point,  or  Cbama,  or  Chai.mu  Cape, 
is  at  the  W  point  of  the  gulf  of  Panama, 
from  whence  the  coaft  trends  W  to  Ha- 
guera  Point  7  Itague-s.  All  fliips  b<)uiid 
to  the  N  W  and  to  Acapuico  make  this 
point.  It  is  alfo  called  the  S  point  cf  the 
bay,  which  lies  within  on  the  W  fide  of 
this  great  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Natachquoin  Eiver,  a  large  river  of  the 
coaft  of  Labrador,  in  N.  America,  to  the 
weftward  of  Nrtl'quiroii  river,  under 
Mount  Joli,  where  it  forms  a  foutherly 
cape  in  lat.  50  25  N,  and  long.  60  45  W. 
The  little  Natachquoin  is  to  the  W  S  W 
«f  this. 

Natal,  a  cape  and  town,  on  the  S  fliore 
ef  the  Rio  Grande,  on  the  N  E  coaft  of 
Brazil  in  S.  America,  is  to  the  S  W  of  the 
four-fquare  Ihoal,  nt  the  mouth  of  the  en- 
trance of  that  river,  which  contains  fcjtne 
dangerous  ^ocks.  On  this  point  is  the 
Caftle  of  c  V-  Three  Kings,  or  Fortaleza 
des  Tres  Magos.  The  town  of  N^ttal  is 
3  leagues  from  the  caftle,  before  which  is 
good  anchorage  for  fliips,  in  from  4  to  5 
fathoms,  and  well  fecured  from  winds. 

Nritii>ee,tht  principal  .own  of  the  Mif- 
Gfippi  territory,  on  the  E  lide  of  the  Mifli- 
fippi,  300  milts  Nof  N.  OdcHns  l>y  water, 
ijo  by  the  lake  road,  it  has  a  R  mvin 
Cath.  church,  and  is  deltuded  by  a  fort. 

Nutihez,  a  powerful  nation  of  Indians 
who  formerly  inhabited  the  country  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  Miflifippi.  Fort  Rofalie 
is  fituated  in  the  country  which  they  poi- 
liefTed,  in  lat.  3I  40.  Nothing  now  re- 
mains of  this  nation  'out  the  name,  by 
which  the  country  continues  to  be  called. 
The  Creeks  or  IVIiifkogulgts  roft  \\\v  v. 
the  ruins  of  this  nation.  The  Fici'ch 
SBBjplettU  their  dtftrui^ion   1730.     1  be 


Natchez  or  Sun  Set  hidians,  are  a  part  of 
the  Creek  confederacy  which  they  joined 
after  they  left  Lcuil'iana. 

Natchitoches.  A  tradt  of  country  ia 
Louifiana,on  the  river  Rouge,  or  Red  riv- 
er, bears  this  name.  Tlic  Frencli  had  a 
very  confiderable  port  on  this  river  called 
Natchitoches.  It  was  a  frontier  on  the 
vSpanifli  fettiemtnts,  being  26  miles  from 
the  fort  of  Adaycs,  and  70  leagues  from 
the  confluence  of  the  Rouge  with  the 
Miflifippi.     See  Loui/Jana. 

Nat'  \  an  ancient  townfliip  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  Mafl'achulctts,  fituated  upon 
Charles  river,  i8  miles  R  W  of  Bofton, 
and  10  N  W  of  Dedham.  Its  name  in 
the  Indian  language  lignifies,  "The  place 
of  hills."  The  famous  Mr.  Eliot  form- 
ed a  religious  focic  ty  here  ;  and  in  1670, 
there  were  50  Indian  communicants.  At 
his  motion,  the  General  Court  granted 
the  laud  in  this  town,  containing  about 
60CQ  acreF,  to  the  Indians.  It  was  in- 
corporated into  an  F.nglifli  diftriift  in 
1 76 1,  and  into  a  townlhip  in  178 1 ;  and 
now  contains  694  inhabitants. 

Nuttenat,  an  Indian  village  on  Nootka 
Sound, on  the  N\V  craft  of  N.America,  k 
lias  a  remarkable  cataradl,  or  water-fall, 
a  few  miles  to  the  northward  of  it.  N 
lat.  48  40,  W  long,  from  Greenwich,  144  6. 

Natural  Bridge.      Sec   Rod  bridge    Ccuti!\. 

Nujdoit  fics,  an  Indian  nation  inhabit- 
ing lands  t)etw<tn  Lakes  Michigan  and 
Superior.     Warriors,  500. 

l'/augatui.k  I'  iver,  a  norfheaftern  branch 
of  Houfatonic  river  in  Connciilicut.  A 
great  number  of  mills  and  iron  works 
are  upon  this  ttream  and  its  braiKhes. 

Nwvune,  a  province  of  New  Mt  xico.  on 
the  N  E  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  Caiifo'nia, 
which  feparatcs  it  from  the  peniiiftila  of 
California,  on  the  S  W 

Nii-vajia,  a  fni.iil  illMiid  in  the  Wind- 
ward Piurage,or  ftiait  between  Cub;)  and 
Hifpaniola  in  the  W.  Indies  1  liither 
the  ir.h.ibitants  ot  Jamaica  come  in  boats 
to  kill  ji.uaras,  an  amphibious  cnature 
that  !)rtti'ih  plentiluily  at  the  r^;ot^  of  old 
trees.  Tl.cy  arc  in  the  fliape  of  a  hzard, 
with  fcalts,  and  fome  .^re  3  fee:  in  U  r.gth. 
Their  ftefli  is  firm  and  white,  imd  laid 
by  feamcu  to  make  good  broth. 

iV<rti<7zi/,  a  imill  barren  iflund  in  the 
W.  Indies,  net  vtry  h^^h,  is  fteep  all  round, 
and  lies  ;-i  I.Tt.  18  20  N.  It  is  21  leagues 
W  S  W  -k  W  of  the  E  end  of  Jamaica,  and 
ti  !c.i;j,ut8  froinTibu!i;n,  in  the  iiland  of 
St.  Doininqo. 

Navjink  Harloiir^    (;u    the   fc-i-fu,'(ft  of 

Mcnm'juii^ 


m 


r 


uri 


,  * 


--A 


N  A  z: 


NE  rf 


Monmoutk  ce.  N.  lerfey,  liet  in  lat.  40 
24  N  having  Jumping  Point  on  the  N, 
and  is  i^  miles  S  of  the  N  end  of  Sandy 
Hook  Ifland ;  and  its  mouth  is  5  miles 
from  the  town  of  Shrewlbury.  The  fmall 
river  of  its  name  falls  into  it  from  the  W, 
and  rifes  in  the  fame  co.  Navetink  Hills 
extend  N  W  from  the  harbour  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  to  Rariton  Bay ;  and  are 
the  firfl  land  difcovered  by  mariners 
«rhen  ihey  arrive  on  the  coaft.  They 
are  600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fca, 
and  may  he  feen  zo  leagues  ofF. 

NatiUmd,  a  town  of  Mechoacan,  a  prov- 
ince of  Mexico,  with  a  harbour  on  the 
N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  156  miles  W  of  Mex- 
ico city.     N  lat.  18  51,  W  long,  iti  10. 

Naviret,  or  Cat  de  Naviret  Bay,  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Navy,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  in  Ver- 
mont. 

Navy  Hall,  in  U.  Canada,  (lands  on 
the  S  fide  of  L.  Ontario,  at  the  head  and 
W  fide  of  Niagara  river,  which  lift  fepa- 
rates  it  from  Fort  Niagara,  on  the  E  fide^ 
in  the  State  of  N,  York.  It  is  '.o  miles 
N  by  Wof  Fort  Eric,  and  43  S  E  by  S  of 
York. 

Navy  Ifland  lies  in  the  middle  of  Nia< 
f  ara  river,  whofe  waters  feparate  it  from 
Fort  Slufher,  on  the  E  bank  of  the  river, 
and  the  fame  waters  divide  it  from  Grand 
Ifland,  on  the  S  and  S  £.  U  is  about  one 
mile  long,  and  one  broad,  and  is  about  1 3 
miles  N  by  E  of  Navy  Hall. 

Nazareth^  a  beautiful  port  to^n  in 
Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  inhabited 
by  Moravians  or  United  Brethren.  It  is 
fituated  10  miles  N  of  Bethlehem,  and 
63  N  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  traiSl 
€f  good  land,  containing  about  5,000 
itcres,  purchafed  by  the  Rev.  G.  Whitfiel>:i, 
in  1740,  and  fold  2  years  after  to  the 
brethren.  The  town  of  Nazareth  ftands 
about  the  centre  of  the  manor,  on  a  fmall 
creek  which  lofe  ir'elf  i.':  tiie  earth, about 
a  mile  and  a  hai;  )..  of  the  town.  It  was 
regularly  laid  o".t  in  1771,  and  conil^;  c!" 
'i  principal  llretrs  v.hich  crofs  each  other 
at  right  angles,  and  form  a  fquare  in 
the  middle,  of  340  by  aoo  feet.  The 
largelt  building  is  &  ftone  houf^,  erefted 
'n  '755.  named  Nazueth  HaII,  98  feet 
by  46  in  length,  and  54  in  hciglu.  The 
lower  floor  is  formed  into  a  fpaciou«  hal! 
for  public  worfhip,  the  upper  part  of  the 
lioufe  is  fitted  up  For  a  hoardinj^  fchool. 
where  youth,  from  diflTerent  pirts,  are 
under  the  infpec5tion  of  the  miniftcr  ot 
the  place  and  fcvcral  tutors,   and    art 


inftrufted  in  thel!ng1ifli,German,Ffencb^ 
and  Latin  languages ;  in  hiftory,  geogra- 
phy, book-keeping,  mathematics,  mufic, 
drawing,  and  other  fciences.  The  front 
of  the  hoofe  faces  a  large  fquare  open  ter 
the  S,  adjoining  a  fine  piece  of  meadow 
ground,  and  commands  a  mod  delightful 
profpe<£t  Another  elegant  building  oa 
the  £  of  i^azareth  Hall  is  inhabited  by 
the  fingle  lifters,  who  have  the  fame  reg- 
ulations and  Mray  of  living  as  thofe  atBeth- 
lehem.  Befides  their  principal  manufac^ 
tory  for  fpinning  and  twifting  cotton,  they 
have  lately  begun  to  draw  'n^ax  tapers. 
Ai  the  fouth-weft  corner  of  the  aforefaid 
fquare,  In  the  middle  of  the  town,  is  the 
fingle  brethren's  houfe,  and  on  the  E  S  E 
corner  a  Gore.  On  the  fouthernmofl: 
end  of  t!i  ■  Ircet  is  a  good  tavern.  The 
dwelling  houfcs  are,  a  few  excepted,  built 
oflime-ftone,  i  or  »  ftyries  high,  inhabit* 
ed  by  tradefmcn  and  mechanics,  moftly 
of  German  extradlion.  The  inhabitants 
arefupplied  with  water  conveyed  to  them 
by  pipes  from  aline  fpring  near  the  town. 
The  Gtnation  of  the  town,  and  the  falu- 
brious  air  of  the  adjacent  country,  render 
this  a  very  agreeable  place.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  in  the  town  and  the 
farms  belonging  to  it,  (Shoeneck  includ- 
ed) conftituting  one  congregation,  and 
meeting  for  divine  fervice  on  Lord's  days 
and  holidays,  at  Nazareth  Hall,  was,  in 
the  year  1788,  about  45a 

NeceJJity,  Fort,  in  Virginia^  is  fituated 
in  the  Great  Meadow,  within  4  miles  of 
the  W  bounds  of  Maryland,  and  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  head  water  of  Red  Stone 
Creek,  which  empties  from  the  E  into 
the  Monongahela,  in  N  lat.  39  43,  about 
a6  miles  from  the  fpot  where  this  fort 
was  eredted.  It  is  138  miles  W  by  N  of 
Alexandria,  and  158  N  W  of  Frederickf- 
burg.  This  fpot  will  be  forever  famous 
in  the  hlftory  of  America,  as  one  of  the 
firft  fccnes  of  Gen.  Walbingion's  abilities 
as  a  commander.  In  17,53,  it  w^s  only  a 
fmall  unfmifhed  iutrenchment,  when  Mr 
Wafliin;:>ton,  then  a  colonel,  in  the  aid 
ycat  of  his  age,  was  fcnt  with  300  mrn 
towards  the  Ohio.  An  engagement  with 
the  enemy  etifued,  and  the  French  were 
tltfeatcd.  M.  dc  Viliier,  the  Fench  e(>m- 
niatider,  fcnt  down  900  men  befides  In- 
dians, to  attack  the  Virginians.  Their 
brave  leader,  however,  made  fuch  an  able 
defence  with  his  handful  of  meri,  in  this 
unfinillicd  fort,  as  to  conftrain  the  French 
officer  to  grant  him  honourable  term* 
of  capitulation. 

WMi.i, 


N  E  G 


N  E  P 


IftdJIet,  Capt,  or  NeJdoci,  liei  lietween 
Ifurk  river  and  Wdl's  B»y,  on  the  coaft 
«f  York  CO.  Diftridt  of  Maine. 

Ifeddick  HivfT,  Cafe,  in  the  above  co  is 
navigable  aboat  a  mile  from  the  fea,  end 
at  full  tide  only  for  vcfleU  of  any  confid- 
crable  harden,  it  having  a  bar  of  fand  at 
it*  mouth,  and,  at  an  hour  before  and  af- 
-Cer  low  water,  this  rivulet  is  generally  fo 
fliallow,  as  to  be  fordable  within  a  few 
rods  of  the  fea. 

Neciar*t  JJlei,  a  group  of  9  rocky  iflcs 
«n  the  W  coafl  of  N.  America  ;  iat.  4Z  jS 
j6  N,  long.  1 27  5  30  W. 

Needham't  Point,  on  the  S  W  angle  of 
the  ifland  of  Barbadoes  in  the  W.  Indies, 
is  to  the  S  eafterly  from  Bridgetown,  hav- 
ing a  fort  upon  it  called  Charles  Fort. 

Nitdbam,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  1 1  miles  from  Bofton.  It 
is  about  9  miles  in  length  and 5 in  breadth, 
and  is  almoft  encompailed  by  Charles 
river.  The  lower  fall  of  the  river,  at 
the  bridge  between  Newton  and  Needham 
is  about  20  feet  in  its  diredl  defcent. 
Here  the  river  divides  Middlefex  from 
Norfolk  CO.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 7 1 1, 
and  contains  107  z  inhabitants.  A  flitting 
and  rolling  mill  have  been  eredled  here. 

Neebeebeou,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Idands, 
about  5  leagues  to  the  weft  ward  of  Atooi, 
and  has  about  10,000  inhabitants.  Its 
place  of  anchorage  is  in  Iat.  at  50  N,  and 
long.  160  15  W.  Sometimes  it  is  called 
I^ebeeotv,  Or  Onttbeow. 

Ni/j^ada,  or  Ancgada,  One  of  the  Carrib- 
bee  Iflands  in  the  Weft  Indies.  It  is  low 
and  defart,  encompafled  with  fhoals  and 
fand  banks.  It  is  called  Negada,  from  its 
being  moftly  overflown  by  high  tides.  It 
is  50  miles  notthweft  of  Anguiila,  and 
abounds  with  crabs.  N  iat.  18  6,  W  long. 

Negtil  Harbour,  Nortb,  at  the  W  end  of 
the  illand  ofjamaica,  has  North  Nfgril 
Point  on  the  N,  which  is  the  moll  wtfter- 
ly  point  of  the  illaud  cl  Jamaici.  N  bt. 
18  45,  W  Ion;..  78. 

Negro  Cape  and  Harhour,  at  the  B  W  ei- 
tremity  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Ntgro  Pointy  o\\  the  E  eo»ft  iif  Urazil, 
is  3  lfii};uc»  nt  !>iS  K  from  the  Rio  CJran- 
d(.,  and  14  from  Ctpt  Ht  Uorqiir, 

Negto  River  is  the  wcftcni  boundary 
of  Uuiana  iu  S,  America. 

Negro  Fort,  in  Amazonia,  ftandson  the 
N  fide  of  Anu:?on  river  in  S.  .America, 
juft  below  ti>ejunt'\ion  of  its  great  branch- 
es the  Puriis  ,uul  Ncgi  o,  in  the  4th  degree 
of  N  iat.  and  about  the  6cth  of  W  Ion. 

Vol.  I.  X  X 


NeUfville,  ill  T.izetvell  co»  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  port  oflice,  342  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Nelfon,  a  county  of  Kentucky  contain- 
ing 9,087  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,234  arc 
ftavcs.     Ciiief  town,  Bairdftown. 

Nel/unt  ferry,  Charlefton  CO.  S.  Caroli- 
na. Here  is  a  poll  ofRce  539  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Nel/on'i  Fort,  a  fettlement  on  the  weft 
fliorc  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  fituated  at  the 
moyth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  250 
miles  S  E  of  Churchill  Fort,  and  600  N  VV 
of  Rupert's  Fort,  in  the  poflcftion  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company.  It  is  in  Iat.  57 
12  N,  and  long.  92  42  W.  The  flioals  fn 
called  are  faid  to  be  in  Iat.  57  35  N,  and 
long.  92  1 2  W,  and  to  have  high  water 
at  lull  and  change  days  at  20  minute) 
paft  8  o'clock. 

Nelfont  River  is  the  N  W  branch  cf 
Hayes  River,  on  the  W  fliore  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  which  is  feparated  into  two  chan- 
nels by  Hayer.  Ifland,  at  the  mouth  of 
which  Nelfon'tf  Fort  is  fituated. 

Nenatiietvhct  Indiant  inhabit  near  Sev- 
ern River,  S  of  Severn  Lake. 

Nen  River,  in  the  E  riding  of  the  co.  of 
York,  in  U,  Canada,  rifes  feveral  miles  in 
the  rear  of  York,  and  running  foutherly 
through  the  townfliip  of  Markham,  parts 
of  Scarborough  and  Pickering,  empties  it- 
felf  into  L.  Ontario,  E  of  the  high  lands  in 
Scarborough.  This  river  abounds  with 
fifli ;  at  its  embouchure  are  good  in- 
tervals for  meadow  ground,  and  it  is 
the  back  communication  from  German 
fettlement  in  Markham,  to  Lake  Onta- 
rio. Smytb. 

Neomlnas  River,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
is  12  or  14  leagues  to  the  N  W  of  Bona- 
ventura  River.  It  is  a  large  river,  and 
empties  into  the  ocean  by  a  mimths.  The 
ihore  is  low,  but  there  is  no  landing  up- 
on it,  as  it  is  inliat)ited  only  by  fav.iorts, 
whom  it  wiiulil  not  be  very  fate  to  truft, 
KB  their  peaccal^le  or  hoftiie  difpolitinii 
towiirds  Kuropans  cannot  be  cafily 
known.  The  coafi,  though  iu  the  riciii- 
ilv  of  ihr  nuill  llouriOiing  Spaiilih  cola- 
iifes,  rtinains  uutreqiitnted  and  wild. 
Palmas  Illand  i*  oppoUte  to  this  river, 
being  low  land,  and  having  feveral  Ihnals 
about  it;  and  from  hence  to  Cape  Co. 
ritntes  is  ao  liMgues  to  tht  N  W.  The 
rivtr  and  illand  are  in  Ul.  about  4  30 
north. 

Nipt'in  TcwnJUf,  in  the  eaftern  diftrift 
in  U  Canada,  is  the  8th  townfliip  in  af- 
ctuding  the  Ottawa  river,  and  the  firft 

tt'vviiiliiji 


''  .    I 


m'^i\ 


■  ^»   i,:*:'    rll 


■vi^ 


•i   '■ 


:■{■ 


NET 


N  E  V 


tovnfliip  on  the  W  fide  of  the  river  Ra- 
deau.  Smytb. 

Nepean  IJlani,  a  fmall  ifland  of  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean,  oppoilte  to  Port  Hunter 
on  the  S  coaft  of  Norfolk  Ifland. 

NepeoM  Sound,  an  extenfive  water  on 
she  N  W  coaft  of  N.  America,  having  .^ 
number  of  iflands  m  it,  in  fome  charts 
called  Princefs  Royal  Iflands.  It  opens 
caftward  from  Cape  St.  James,  the  fouth- 
crnmoft  point  of  Wafliington's  or  Queen 
Gharlotte's  Iflands.  Fitzhugh's  Sound 
lies  between  it  and  Queen  Charlotte's 
Sound  to  the  fouthward. 

Nepifmguh,  a  lake  of  U.  Canada,  15 
miles  broad,  i»  leagues  long,  furrounded 
with  rocks.  Its  fliore  is  inhabited  by  the 
remains  of  a  Chriftian  tribe,  called  Nepif- 
inguis,  of  the  Algonquin  nation.  This 
lake  empties  itfelf  by  the  Riviere  des 
Francois. 

Neponfet,  a  river  of  Maflachufetts,  orig- 
tnatcs  chiefly  from  Muddy  and  Punkapog 
Ponda  in  Stoughton,  and  Mafliapog  Pond 
in  Sharon,  and  after  paiTmg  over  falls  fuf- 
iicient  to  carry  mills,  unites  with  other 
fmall  flreams,  and  forms  a  very  condant 
pjpply  of  water  for  the  many  mills  fitua- 
ted  on  the  river  below,  until  it  meets  the 
tide  in  Milton,  from  whence  it  is  naviga- 
ble for  vcflcls  of  150  tons  burden  to  Bof- 
ton  Bay,  diftant  about  4  miles.  There 
are  6  paper-mills,  bcftdes  many  others  of 
different  kinds,  on  this  fmall  river. 

NeruJta,  a  port  in  the  tflind  of  Cape 
Breton,  where  the  French  had  a  fettle- 
mcnt. 

Nejb'it^s  Harbour,  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Britain,  in  N.  America,  where  the  Mora- 
vians formed  a  fcttlemtnt  in  1752  ;  of 
the  firil  party  fome  were  killed,  and  oth- 
ers were  driven  away,  hi  3764,  they 
made  another  attempt  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  Britifli  government,  and  were 
well  received  by  the  Eiquimanx,  and 
by  the  hifl;  account  the  niilTkin  fucceeded. 

Ntfcoptck  River  falls  into  the  NE  branch 
Of  Sufquelvannali  river,  near  the  mouth 
«f  the  creek  of  that  name,  in  Nwrthum- 
berland  co.  Pennfylvania,  and  oppoiite  to 
the  town  of  Berwick,  160  miles  N  W  of 
Philadelphia,  and  in  lat.  41  3.  /.n  Indian 
town,  called  Neicopeek,  fbrn.crly  ftood 
near  the  fcite  of  Berwic'.:. 

NitberlanJs,  Neir,  is  the  traifl  now  in- 
cluded in  the  States  of  N.  York.  N.  Jerl'ey, 
and  pait  of  Delaware  and  Pcualylva- 
nia,  f nd  was  thus  namid  by  the  Dutch, 
It  pafil'd  firft  by  conqiteft,  iind  ittenv^rds 
by  treaty  into  tiic  haudg  of  the  Engliflj. 


Ne  Ultra,  or  Sir  Tbomt,  Su'i  ff^tTtmn 
a  narrow  ftrait  between  lat.  «a  and  63, 
in  New  North  Wales,  in  dk  ar«ic  region* 
of  America. 

Nfufe,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  rife* 
above  Hilllborough,  and.  after  a  windini; 
conrfc  of  more  than  joo  miles,  falls  into 
Pamlico  Sound,  70 mile*  below  Newbem, 
at  which  place  it  is  a  mile  and  a  half 
wide,  expanding  at  its  month,  where  it  is 
9  miles  wide.  It  is  navigable  for  fea  vef- 
fels  i»  miles  above  Newbern,  for  fcowa 
50,  for  boats  200. 

Neufira  Sennora,  Baia  dt,  or  Our  Lady't 
Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  on  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  3.  America,  is  30  leagues  from 
Copiapa,  and  ao  S  S  W  of  Cape  George. 
It  is  indifferent  riding  in  this  bay,  as  the 
N  W  winds  blow  right  in,  and  the  gufts 
from  the  mountains  are  very  dangerous. 

Never/mi  Qiiek,  a  ftream  in  the  Harden- 
bcrgh  Patent,  in  Ulfter  co.  N.  York.  On 
an  illand  in  this  creek  Mr.  Baker  having 
cut  down  a  hollow  beech  tree,  in  March 
1790,  found  near  two  barrels  full  of  chim- 
ney fwallows  in  the  cavity  of  the  tree. 
They  were  in  a  torpid  ftate,  bnt  fome  of 
them  being  placed  near  a  fire,  were  prcf- 
ently  reanimated  by  the  warmth,  and  took 
wing  with  their  ufuat  agility. 

NevH  Bay,  on  the  W  fliore  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  is  nearly  due  W,  a  little  northerly 
from  Cape  Digges  and  Manfel  Ifland  at 
the  entrance  into  the  bay.  N  lat.  6a  30, 
W  long.  95. 

Nevis,  an  ifland  lefs  than  a  league 
foutheaflerly  of  the  pcninfula  of  St.  Chrtf- 
tupher's,one  of  the  Caribbees.  This  beau- 
tiful little  rpot  is  nothing  more  than  a 
Angle  mountain  rifing  like  a  cone  in  an 
cal'y  afcent  fron\  the  fea ;  the  circumfe- 
rence of  its  bafe  not  exceeding  8  Britifla 
leagues.  This  ifland  was  doubtlefs  pro- 
duced  by  fome  volcanic  eruption,  for 
there  is  a  hollow  crater  near  tiie  fiimmit 
'lill  vifible  ;  which  contains  a  hot  fpring, 
ftrongly  impregnated  with  lulpliur,  and 
lulpbur  is  frequently  found  in  fubftance, 
iu  the  neighbouring  gullies  and  cavities 
of  the  earth.  The  ifland  is  well  watered, 
and  the  land  in  general  fertile.  Four 
ihoulaacl  acres  of  canes  are  annually  cut, 
which  produce  an  equal  number  of  hogf- 
hcads  ol  fugar.  The  illand,  foiall  as  it  is, 
is  divided  into  5  pariflics.  It  has  one  town, 
Charlijloivn^  which  is  a  pott  of  ciitrv,  and 
the  Icat  of  gox'erument ;  where  is  alfo  a 
fort  called  Ohailes  I'ort.  There  are  two 
other  fhipping  places,  vi/..  Indian  Caftle 
and   New    Caftle.      Ncvis  contains  600 

whitcsi 


_j.-r;-'.-i**i,t.„^  ., 


NEW 

whicct,  and  zo.eso  blacks.  It  was  drd 
fettled  by  the  Engliih  in  1628,  under  the 
proteAiun  of  Sir  Thomas  Warner.  It  is 
faid,  that,  about  the  year  1640  the  idand 
contained  4,000  whites,  and  fomc  wri- 
ters fay  that  before  the  year  t688  it  had 
30,000  inhabitants.  The  invafion  of  the 
French  about  that  time,  and  fome  epi- 
demic dilbrders  ftrangely  dimiiiiHicd  the 
number.  CharleHown,  the  capital,  lies 
in  lat.  17  15  N,  and  lung.  6»  35  W. 
There  are  fevcral  rocks  and  Hioals  on 
the  coaft,  particularly  on  the  S  W  fide, 
but  fhips  ride  between  them  in  tolerable 
fafcty,  the  hurricane  feafons  excepted, 
when  they  are  obliged  to  put  off  to  fea, 
and  run  into  Antigua,  if  pofliblc, 

Netv  Albion,  &  name  given  to  a  country 
of  indefinite  limits,  on  the  weftcm  coaft 
of  N.  Ametica,  lying  M  of  Cali/omia, 

New,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which 
empties,  after  a  fliort  courfe,  into  the 
ocean,  through  New  River  Inlet.  Its 
mouth  is  wide  and  Ihoal.  It  abounds 
with  mullet  during  the  winter  feafon. 

Hew  Andalti/ia,  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America,  lymg  on  the  coafl:  of 
the  North  Sea,  oppoiite  to  the  Leeward 
Iflands  ;  bounded  by  the  river  Oroonoko 
on  the  W.  This  country  is  called  Paria 
by  fome  writers.  Its  chief  town  is  St. 
Thomas.  Some  gold  mines  were  dif- 
coveredherc  in  1785. 

New  Aidover,  York  co.  Maine.  See 
Maji  Amfovfr. 

New  Antiearia,  a  town  of  New  Spain, 
34  leagues  northward  of  Acapulco. 

New  Antiguera,  an  Epiftopal  city  of 
New  Spain,  in  the  province  of  Guaxaca, 
eiedted  into  a  biflioprick  by  Paal  III, 
1547.  It  has  a  noble  cathedral,  fupport- 
cd  by  marble  pillars. 

Newark,  a  townfhip  in  Eflcx  co.  in  Ver- 
mont, the  4th  town  in  the  range  N  VV  gf 
Guildhall,  and  has  8  inhabitants. 

Nnviirt  Bay,  in  N.  Jcrfey,  is  formed  by 
the  conlluence  of  Paflaick  and  Hackin- 
lack  rivers  fron\  the  N,  anr^  is  fcp-' rated 
from  that  part  of  North  river  oppofite  to 
N.  York  city,  by  Bergen  Neck  on  the  E, 
which  neck,  alfo,  with  Staten  Illaud  on 
the  S  ot  it,  form  a  narrow  channel  from 
the  bay  to  North  River  caftward.  New- 
ark Bay  alfo  communicates  with  Rari- 
ton  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Rariton  Riv- 
er, by  a  channel  in  a  S  by  W  dirc<^ion 
along  the  weftern  fide  of  Staten  Illand. 
The  water  pafiage  from  N.York  to  Eli/.- 
abeth  Towa  Point,  ij  miles,  ii  through 
thii  bay. 


N.E  W 

Nnvark,  a  poH  town  of  N.  Jcrfey  and 
capital  of  Eflcx  co.  is  pleafantly  fituated 
at  a  fmall  diftance  W  of  Paffaick  River, 
near  its  mouth  in  Newark  Bay,  and  nine 
miles  W  of  New  York  city.  It  is  a  hand- 
fome  and  flourifh  town,  celebrated  for 
the  excellence  of  its  cider,  and  is  the  feat 
of  the  largelt  (hoc  manufatSlure  in  the 
State :  the  average  number  made  daily 
throughout  the  year,  is  eflimated  at  about 
100  pairs.  The  town  is  of  much  the 
fame  fize  as  Elizabeth  Town,  and  is  6 
miles  N  of  it.  There  is  a  Prefbyterian 
church  of  (lone,  the  largcft  and  moft  elc^ 
gant  building  of  the  kind  in  the  State. 
Belides  thefe  is  an  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court-houfc  and  gaol.  The  academy, 
which  was  e(labli(hed  here  in  June,  1792, 
promifes  to  be  a  ufeful  inftitiition.  In 
Newark  and  in  Orange  which  joins  it  on 
the  N  W,  there  arc  9  tanneries,  and  val- 
uable quarries  of  (lone  for  building.  The 
quarries  in  Newark  would  rent,  it  is  faid, 
for  ;£  1,000  a  year,  and  the  number  of 
workmen  limited.  I'his  town  was  orig- 
inally fettled  by  emigrants  from  Branford, 
Connedlicut,  a«  long  ago  as  1662. 

Newark,  a  village  in  Newcadle  co. 
Delaware,  between  Chridiana  and  White 
Clay  Creeks,  9  miles  W  of  Newcadle,  and 
10  S  W  of  Wilmington. 

Newark,  a  town  lately  laid  out  by  the 
Britifh  in  U.  Canada,  on  the  river  which 
connedls  Lakes  Erie'and  Ontario,  diredlly 
oppoiite  Niagara  town  and  fert.  It  is  a 
handfome  town  of  about  a  mile  fquare, 
with  its  dreets  at  right  angles,  containing 
about  150  houfes.  The  firft  provincial 
parliament  met  at  this  place,  and  the  pub- 
lic o(Hce3  of  government  have  been  held 
fr(t  tempore  here.  Navy  hall,  which  is  fitu- 
ated on  the  W  bank  of  the  river,  a  little  a- 
bove  the  town,was  the  rcfidence  of  the  go- 
vernor, during  his  day  at  this  place.  The 
council  houlc  is  about  half  way  between 
the  town  and  Navy-hall.  The  public  offi- 
ces are  removed  to  York.  Smyth. 

NeivarL  Tvvinjhip,  which  embraces  the 
above  town,  is  in  the  county  of  Lincoln, 
U.  Canad-t,  and  lies  on  the  wed  fide  of 
Niagara  River,  immediately  oppo&te  to 
the  fort.  Smyth. 

Ne-w  ^Jhford,  a  townfliip  of  Berkfliirc 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  S  of  Williamdown,  has 
390  inhabitants. 

New  Athens,  or  Tioga  Point,  (lands  op 
the  pod  road  from  Cooperdown  to  Wil- 
liam(burg,  in  Luzerne  co.  Pennfylvania, 
on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  Tioga  river  ^vith  the  E  branch 

of 


m 


■  • '.% 


'].  n 


|ki  ■■\'- 


NEW 


NEW 


of  Sufquehannah  river,  in  lit.  41  54,  aticf 
long  76  3a  W,  and  abtmt  3  mi»e»  S  of  the 
N.  Voile  line;  30  miles  S  E  Ivy  K  of  New- 
town in  N.  York,  14  S  W  of  Oivego,  and 
116  S  W  of  Cooprrdown. 

New  BiirlidJoet,  a  townfhip  in  Bergen 
CO.  N.  Jerfiv. 

I/eiv  Be.J/'or(/,  a  port  town  and  port  of 
entry  in  Briftol  co.  MalTachMrirti,  (ituatcd 
on  a  fmall  bay  wliich  fcts  ii;)  N  from  Diiz- 
zard'ii  Bay,  58  miles  S  of  Bofton.  The 
towndiip  watt  incorporated  in  1787,  and 
is  13  milt*  in  leiigth  and  4  in  breadth; 
bounded  E  hy  Rochcflcr,  W  by  Dart- 
mouth, of  which  it  was  originally  a  part, 
and  S  t>y  Ihizzard's  B.ty.  Accbtifnutt  was 
the  bidian  name  ot  N.  Bedford  ;  and  the 
I'inall  river  of  tlut  jtame  runs  fioin  N  to 
S  through  the  townfliip,  and  divides  the 
villages  of  Oxford  and  Fairhaven  from 
Bedford  village.  A  company  was  incor- 
porated in  1796,  for  building  a  bridge 
acrofs  this  river.  From  the  head  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  is  7  or  8  miles.  Fairha- 
ven and  Bedford  villages  arc  a  mile  apart, 
and  a  ferry, cundautly  attended,  is  ellab- 
liflied  between  tliem.  'I'hc  harbour  is 
very  fafe,  in  fome  plates  17  or  18  feet  of 
water;  and  vefllU  of  3  or  400  tons  lie  at 
tlie  wharves,  h"  mouth  is  formed  by 
<,i  irkV  Ntck  en  the  W  iide,  and  Sconti- 
cuti  F'/iat,  oii  tlic  other.  An  ifland  be- 
tween tiiefe  ptjints  renders  the  entrance 
narrow,  in  5  fathoms  water.  High  wa- 
ter at  full  and  change  of  the  moon,  37 
minutes  pad  7  o'clock.  Dartmouth  iv 
the  fafcft  place  to  lie  at  with  an  eaflerly 
wind;  liut  at  New  Bedford  y(ni  will  lie 
fafe  at  tlie  wharves.  The  river  has  plenty 
of  fmall  fifli,  and  a  flM)rt  way  from  its 
mouth  they  c.itch  cod,  hafs,  black-fifli, 
fl^etps-hcad,  Stc.  I'hc  damage  done  by 
the  Britifli  to  this  town  in  1778  amoiint- 
td  to  the  value  of  £97,000.  k  is  nt^w  in 
a  flourifiiiiig  fl.tte.  In  the  townfliip  are 
a  port  oflice,  a  printing  office,  3  n»fctiu;:;s 
for  Friends,  and  3  for  Congrcgationalifts. 
The  exports  to  the  different  States  and  to 
the  W.  Indies  for  one  year,  ending  Sept. 
3c,  1794,  ai!w.iunted  to  82,085  dols.  It  is 
'•;57  miles  N  E  by  K  of  Philadelphia,  58 
S  of  Boftoii,  contaiiiiug4,36i  inhabitants. 

N^wiein,  one  of  the  eafloni  maiitimc 
diftricls  of  N.  Carolina,  bomicicri  K  and 
S  E  by  the  Atl:iatic,  S  W  by  Wilmington, 
W  by  F.iveae  N' V  l>y  finHlioiongit,  N 
by  llnlif-'x,  Jiiid  N  E  by  luknton  diltriCt. 
It  comprehends  tiie  ctinmics  of  Carteret, 
JoncF.,  Craven,  Benuloit,  Hyde,  I'itt, 
Waj-.e,  Glarj^ow,  Lenoir,  and  Joluillon  ; 


and  eontalni  60,4  j  j  inhabitanti,  Including 
ao.134  flavei. 

Nexvbirn,  the  capita'  f  the  above  dif- 
u\<3t,  in  a  port  town  ti»Mi  loct  of  entry,  ia 
Craven  co.  on  a  flat,  r-.iidy  point  of  land, 
formed  by  the  confluence'  of  the  t.  era 
Neii^  on  the  N,aiKl  Trent  on  the  S.  Op- 
pofite  to  th(  town,  the  Neus  i^  about  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  the  Trent  ^tlis  of  » 
mile  wide.  Ncwbcrii  >  >  the  large fl  town 
in  the  State,  contains  ..l>out  400  lioiifes, 
all  built  of  wood  except  the  palace,  the 
cliureli,  the  gaol,  and  two  dwelling  huufen 
which  are  of  brick-  The  inhabitants  are 
2,467  in  number,  of  whom  1,298  are  (laves. 
The  palace  was  credled  liy  the  province 
before  the  revolution,  and  was  formerly 
the  rcfideiice  of  the  governors.  It  is  large 
and  elegant,  two  flories  high,  with  two 
wings  for  offices,  a  little  advanced  in  front 
towards  the  town;  thefe  wings  are  con- 
nedled  with  the  piin:ipal  building  by  a 
circular  arcade.  It  is  much  out  of  repair ; 
and  the  only  ufc  to  which  this  once  hand- 
fome  and  well  furniflicd  building  is  now 
applied,  is  for  fchools.  One  of  the  halls 
is  ul'ed  for  a  fchool,  and  another  for  a 
dancing  room.  The  arms  of  the  king  of 
Great  Britain  ftill  appear  in  a  pediment 
in  front  of  the  building.  The  Epifcopa* 
lian  church  is  a  fmall  brick  building,  with, 
a  bell.  It  is  the  only  houiie  for  public 
worfliip  in  the  place.  The  court-houfc 
is  raifed  on  brick  arches,  fo  as  to  render 
the  lower  part  a  convenient  market  place ; 
but  the  principal  marketing  is  done  with 
the  people  in  their  canoes  and  boats  at 
tlic  river  Tide.  In  Sept.  1791,  near  ^  of 
this  town  was  ronfumed  by  fire.  It  car" 
ries  on  a  confldcrable  trade  to  the  Wed 
Indies  and  the  dilFerent  States  in  tar, 
pitch,  turpentine,  lumber,  corn,  &c.  The 
exports  in  1794  amounted  to  69,615  dol- 
lars. It  is  149  miles  from  Raleigh,  99  % 
W  of  Edenton,  103  N  E  by  N  of  Wil- 
mington, 438  S  of  Peterfburgh  in  Virgin- 
ia, and  501  S  W  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
35  JO,  W  long.  77  %s. 

NewBifcay,  a  province  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Galicia,  in  Old  Mexico  or  New- 
Spain.  It  is  faid  to  be  100  leagues  from 
£  to  W  and  120  from  N  to  S.  It  is  a 
well  watered  and  fertile  country.  Many 
of  the  inhabitants  are  rich,  not  only  in 
corn,  cattle,  &c.  but  alfo  in  filver  mines, 
and  fonie  of  lead. 

Ne'wBu/ioii,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough 
CO.  N.  Hanipfliire,  about  70  miles  weft  of 
Portlmoutli.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1763,  and  contains  i,ao2  inhabitants. 

Ntw-BraiHtnt. 


NEW 


NEW 


H,  Including 

I  above  <l'f* 

of  entry, in 

>int  of  land, 

r  the  I     er» 

theS.     Op- 

D  in  about  a 

:nt  ^tl\n  of  a 

laigeft  town 
^00  hoiile*, 

c  palace,  the 

(cllinglioufw 

habitants  arc 

I98arclbve». 
the  province 

was  formerly 

rs.    It  i«  large 

jih,  with  two 

anced  in  front 

«ng«  arc  con- 

builJing  by  a 

1  out  of  repair ; 

this  once  hand- 

milding  is  now 

»ne  of  the  halls 
another  for  » 

!  of  the  king  of 
in  a  pediment 
The  Epifcopa- 

k  bailding,  witli^ 

mlc  for  public 
he  court-houfe 
fo  as  to  render 

It  market  place  J 

ing  is  done  with 
es  and  boats  at 

^791,  near  f  of 
by  fire.    It  car- 
adc  to  the  Weft 
it  States  in  tar, 
,corn,&e.   The 
:d  to  69,615  dol- 
m  Rtlcigh,  99  * 
E  by  N  of  Wil- 
burgh  in  Virgm- 
idelphia.    N  lat. 

ICC  in  the  audi- 
Mexico  or  New- 
100  Icaguts  from 
,  N  to  S.  It  is  a 
country.  Maiiy 
ich,  not  only  m 
I  in  fiWer  mines, 

ipinHillftorough 
It  70  miles  weft  of 
incoiporated    »n 
Oi  inhabitants. 
Jftw-Braintt't' 


JfiwSralntrii.      See  BralnIrM  NIm: 

Nnu'BrUalii.  See  AmirUa,  LairaJtr, 
and  Britah  Ntw. 

NiwBritain,  a  townfliip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  T180  inhabitants. 

Neiv  BruHfvitk,  in  the  State  of  N.  Y. 
is  fituated  on  Paltz  Kill,  about  8  miles 
S  W  of  New-PBltz,and  69  north-wcftcrly 
of  New  York  city. 

NnvBrun/wici,  in  Middldex  co.  N. 
Jerfey.    See  Brvnfivkk. 

N-'u-Brun/tviei,  a  Britidi  province  in 
M.  America.      See  Btun/witi  Ne%v. 

Niwturgb,  a  poft  town  in  Oran;;e  co. 
N.  York,  bounded  £  by  Hudlon's  R.  and 
S  by  New  Windfor,  and  contains  3,a.?8 
inhabitants.  The  coinpaiSt  part  nf  the 
town  is  neatly  built,  and  pleafantly  fitu- 
ated on  the  W  bank  of  the  Hudfon,  66 
miles  N  of  New  York,  npnodtc  Fifli-Kill 
Landing,  7  miles  from  Filh-  Kill,  13  from 
Goflien,  and  14  fouth  from  PouEhkcepUe. 
It  conilfts  of  between  50  and  60  houfes 
and  a  Prefbyterian  chuich,  fitiiatcd  on  a 
gentle  afcent  from  the  river.  The  coun> 
try  northward  is  well  cultivated,  and  af- 
fords a  rich  profpedV.  Veflels  of  confid- 
erable  burden  may  load  and  unload  at 
the  wharves,  and  a  number  of  vciTcIs  are 
built  annually  at  this  bufy  and  thriving 
place. 

Ntwkuty,  a  diOritSt  of  South  Carolina. 
Newbury  court-houfe  is  45  miles  from 
Columbia,  and  31  from  Laurens  court- 
houfe.    Here  h  a  pnft  office. 

mv)iury,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, has  1014  inhabitants.  There  is 
another  town  of  this  name  in  Lycoming 
CO.  40  miles  from  Northumberland. 

Neivhury,  the  capital  and  a  poft  town, 
of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  pleafantly  Titua- 
ted  on  the  W  fide  of  Conncdlicut  River, 
oppofite  to  Haverhill,  in  N.  Hamplhirc, 
and  from  which  it  is  5  miles  diftaiit.  It 
contains  a  gaol,  a  court  houfe,  and  a  hand- 
fome  church  for  Congregationalifls  with  a 
fteeple  which  was  the  firft  ere«Sled  in  Ver- 
mont. Here  a  remarkable  fpring  was  dif- 
covered,  about  ao  years fincc,  whiih dries 
up  once  in  *  or  3  years.  It  has  a  ftronj; 
fmell  of  fulphur,  and  throws  up  continu- 
ally a  peculiar  kind  of  white  fand  :  and  a 
thick  yellow  fcum  rifes  upon  the  water 
when  fettled.  This  is  the  more  noticea- 
ble as  the  water  of  the  ponds  and  rivers  in 
Vermont  is  remarkably  clear  and  tranf- 
parent.  It  is  130  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton, and  417  N  Eby  Nof  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  44  5.  The  nvmbcr  of  inhabitants 
1.304. 


KnaUry,  a  townfliip  in  EITex  CO.  Maff. 
incorporated  in  1635  ;  fituated  on  the  S 
bank  of  Merrimack  R.  and  contains  4,076 
inhabitants.  It  formerly  included  Newo 
bury  Port,  and  with  Merrimack  R.  encir« 
cles  it.  It  is  divided  into  five  pariilics, 
bcfides  a  fociety  of  Quakers,  'i'he  inhab- 
itants are  principally  employed  in  liuf- 
bandry.  I'he  land,  particularly  in  that 
part  of  the  town  which  lies  on  Merri- 
mack R.  and  is  here  called  Ntw/ntry- 
Nctttoiim,  is  of  a  fuptrior  quality,  under 
the  h'ft  cultivation,  and  is  liid  by  trav- 
ellers 1  be  little  inferior  to  the  mofl  im« 
prci't.  fts  of  Grc.it-Dritain.  Some  of 
the  h'  Is  afford  a  \xry  estenfive  and 

varit  view  of  the  lurroiinding  coun- 

try,  tliL  rivers,  the  hay,  and  the  fca-cuafl 
from  Cape  Ann  to  York,  in  the  Dif^ridt 
of  Maine.  Some  few  vefl'els  arc  here  own- 
ed and  employed  in  the  fifliery,  part  of 
which  art  fitted  out  from  Parker's  River. 
It  rifes  in  fioxford,  and  pafles  into  the 
found  which  feparates  Plum  Ifland  from 
the  main  land.  It  is  navigable  about  6 
miles  on  a  right  line,  or  12  as  the  river 
runs,  from  its  mouth.  This  townfhip  it 
connci!lcd  with  .Saliibury  by  Effex  Mer- 
rimack bridge,  about  two  miles  above 
Newbury  Port,  built  in  1792.  At  the 
place  where  the  bridge  is  erected,  an 
ifland  divides  the  river  into  two  branch- 
es :  an  arch  of  160  feet  diameter,  40  feet 
above  the  level  of  high  water,  connetfls 
this  ifland  with  the  main  on  the  oppofite 
fide.  The  whole  length  of  the  bridge  it 
(,030  feet;  its  breadth  34;  its  content* 
upwards  of  6,000  tons  of  timber  The 
two  large  arches  were  executed  from  a 
model  invented  by  Mr.  Timothy  Palm- 
er, an  ingenious hoidcwright  in  Newbury 
Port.  '1  he  whole  is  executed  in  a  ftylc 
far  exceeding  any  thing  of  the  kind  hith- 
erto elfaycdin  this  country,  and  appears 
to  unite  elegante,  ftrcngth  and  firmnels. 
The  day  before  the  bridge  was  opened 
fof  the  nil'peclion  of  the  public,  a  fliip 
of  350  tons  pafl'ed  <iuder  the  great  arch. 
There  is  a  commodious  houfe  of  rnttr- 
tainmtnc  at  the  bridge,  which  is  the  te- 
fort  of  parties  of  pteafure,  both  in  fum- 
mer  and  winter.  The  foil  of  this  town  is 
rich  and  well  cultivated.  Tl.c  pariflies  of 
Newton  and  Bytield  are  as  fertile  as  any 
in  the  county.  The  town  lies  between  two 
navigable  rivers,  Mcrtiiiiack  on  the  N, 
and  Parker  S,  with  Plum  Ifland  Sound 
for  its  boundary  E.  On  thel'e  waters 
are  large  iradts  of  fait  marfli. 

Nivbury  Ptrl,  a  port   of   entry,  and 


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23  WIST  MAIN  STMET 

WEBSTIR.N.Y.  14580 

(716)878-4503 


NEW 


^  E  W 


yoft  towa  in  Eflex  co.  Maflaehofetti ; 
pleafantly  fituatcd  on  the  S  fide  of  Mer* 
rinuck  river,  about  3  miles  from  the 
iea.  In  a  (fommerciar  view  it  it  next 
.  ia  rank  to  Salem.     It  contaioi  5,946  in- 

^  habtunts,  although  it  i*,  perhaps,  th« 

""imalleft  townfhip  in  the  State,  its  codi- 

tentt  not  exceeding  640  acret.    It  wiis 

^ taken  from  Newbury,  and  incorporated 

ii)  1764.    The  churches,  6  in  number, 

,^  jbe  Qt|iamented  withfteeples;  the  other 
wibUe.'i>uildings  are    the    court<houfe, 

^Moi,  a  bank,  and  4  public  fchool-houfes. 

"To  the  honour  of  this  town,  there  are 
In  it  10  public  fchools,  and  3  printing  of- 
''Aces.  Many  of  the  dwelling-houfes  are 
elegant.  Before  the  war  there  were  many 
fhips  built  here;  but  fomc  years  after 
the  revolution,  the  bufinefs  was  on  the 
decline  i  it  now  begins  to  revive.  ^  The 
Bodoa  aad  Hancock  continental  frigates 
were  built  here,  and  many  privateers, 
during  the  war.  The  harbour  (is  fafe 
and  capacious,  but  difficult  to  enter.  See 
JHerrimofk  Rivtr.  The  Marine  Society 
of  this  town,  and  other  gentlemen  in  it, 
Jiave  humanely  eredied  fcvcral  fmall 
hott&s^  on  the  fliorc  of  Plum  ifland,  fur- 
aiflwd  with  fuel  and  other  conveniences, 
for  the  relief  of  fhipwrecked  mariners. 
Ijirge  quantities  of  rum  arc  diftilied  in 
Me- A>ury  Port ;  there  is  alfo  a  brewery ; 
and  a  confidcrable  trade  is  carried  on 
with  the  Weft  Indies  and  the  fouthern 
States.  Some  vciTcls  are  employed  in  the 
frcightiJig  bufinefs,  and  a  few  in  the  fiOi- 
ery.  In  Nov.  1790,  there  were  owned  in 
this  port,  6  fliips,  45  brigantines,  39 
fcbooners,  and  ■I'i  floops ;  making,  in  all, 
J 1 ,87  o  tons.  The  exports  for  a  year,  end- 
ing Sept  30,  1794,  amounted  to  3*3,380 
dollars.  A  machine  for  cutting  nails, 
has  been  httly  invented  by  Mr.  Jacob 
Perking  of  this  town,  a  gentleman  of  great 
mechanical  genius,  which  will  turn  out, 
if  ncccfr»ry,  aoo.ooo  nails  in  a  day. 
Newbury  Port  is  40  miles  N  N  E  of  Bof- 
tiin,  a»  S  by  W  of  Poufmouth,  la  Nof 
Jpfwich,  and  389  N  £  of  Phibddphia. 
The  harbour  has  10  fathoms  water  ;  high 
water  at  full  and  change  ij  minutes  after 
1 1  o'clock.  In  this  town  is  a,  Humane 
and  Marine  Society,  who  are  attentive 
to  the  fevcral  ol>je<ftt  »f  their  inftitution. 
The  light  houfcs  are  on  Plum  l/land,  ia 
42  47  N  latitude,  and  in  70  47  W  long. 

Ketvbuty  Sar,  which  is  continually 
fliifting,  lies  without  ihe  light-houfes  a 
ihort  diOaucc.  In  croifing  this  bar  the 
iight'boufcs,  which  arc  moveable,  muft 


be  brought  ia  a  range  with  each  other. 
Ten  years  ap;o  the  light-honfes  ftood 
where  the  fhip  channel  ao#is.  The 
water  is  contiaually  encroaching  on  the 
land,  on  the  fide  of  Plum  Ifland. 

Ifrm  Caledonia^  the  name  given  by  the 
Scotch  to  the  ill.fated  fettlement  which 
that  nation  formed  on  the  Ifthmus  of  Dart- 
en,  and  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  gulf  of  that 
name.  It  is  fituatcd  eaftward  of  the  nar- 
rowed part  of  the  ifthmus,  which  is  .be* 
tween  Panama  and  Porto  Hello,  and  lies 
S  E  of  the  latter  city.  The  fettlement 
was  formed  in  1698.    See  Dmriut. 

New  CaHioMf  a  fmall  poft  town  lately 
eftablillied  in  Buckingham  co.  Virginia, 
on  the  S  fide  of  James'  river,  70  miles 
above  Richmond.  It  contains  a  few  houf- 
CB,  and  a  ware-houfe  for  infpcdling  to- 
bacco. 

Nevi  Ca/eo,  a  poft  town,  Cumberland 
CO,  Maine,  613  miles  N£  from  Walb- 
ington. 

Nrw  Cofth,  in  Upper  Canada.  This 
town  plot  IS  fituatcd  on  the  Prefqn'  Ifle 
de  Quinte,  extending  into  Lake  Ontario 
from  the  eaftern  part  of  the  townfhip  of 
CramahL  Smyth. 

Nev)  C^fftUf  the  moft  northern  co.  of 
Delaware  State.  It  is  about  40  miles  in 
lefigth  and  10  in  breadth,  and  contains 
45,361  inhabitants,  tnchiding  1,838  flaves. 
Here  are  two  Caug'-nulls,  a  flitting-miH, 
4  paper-mills,  60  finr  grinding  different 
kinds  of  grain,  and  fcvcral  fuUing-mills. 
The  chief  towns  of  this  county  ar«  Wil- 
mington and  New  Caftle.  The  land  in 
it  is  more  broken  than  any  other  part  of 
the  State.  The  heights  of  Chriftiana  are 
lofty  and  commanding. 

Nctu  Cmfile,  a  poft  town,  and  the  feat  of 
juftice  of  the  above  co.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  W  fide  of  Delaware  River,  5  miles  S 
of  Wilmington,  and  33  S  W  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  contains  more  than  100  houfcs, 
a  court -houfe  and  gaol ;  a  church  for 
Epifcopalians  and  another  for  Prefbyte- 
riann.  Here  is  an  academy  for  boys  and 
another  for  young  ladies,  with  fufficient 
funds,  aud  under  good  regulations.  This 
is  the  oldcft  town  on  Delaware  River,  hav- 
ing been  fettle  >!  by  the  Swedes,  about  the 
year  1617,  who  called  it  S/wiio/i",  after 
the  roctrapolis  of  Sweden.  When  it  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  Dutch,  it  received 
the  name  of  New  Amji*rd»m ;  and  the 
EngliHi,  when  thev  took  poficffion  of  the 
country,  gave  it  tne  name  of  New  Cafile, 
It  was  lately  on  the  decline ;  but  now  be- 
gins to  fluuiiih.    Piers  arc  built,  which 

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sibrd  a  fafe  retvcst  to  ▼ciTeli,  daring  the 
'  wiotcr  feafon.  Thcfe  add  contiderably 
to  itt  advantage*.  Congrefii  at  their  laR 
feffion  voted  30/X)«  dollars  for  inproving 
the  na^gation  of  the  Delaware ;  a  great 
part  of  which  it  it  espcAed  will  be  laid 
out  itf  repairing  and  ere«^ng  pier  I  at  New 
Caftle.  .-It  waa  incorporated  in  1673, 
hy  the  governor  of  Hew  York,  and  wa» 
for  maav  yean  under,  the  management 
of  a  bailiffaod  6  afflftanti.  N.  lat.  39  38. 

Nrw  CM,  a  townfliip  in  Weft  Chefter 
<a  N.  York,  taken  from  North  Caftie  in 
1791,  and  incorporateda  There  were 
151  of  the  inhabitant*  qualified  eleAor;. 

N<rw  Caflle,  called  alfo  Great  Ifland, 
«  town  in  Rockingham  co.  N.  Hampfhire, 
*f  about  100  houfes,  534  inhabitants  in 
1790.  It  is  the  largeft  of  a  numbCT  of 
Iflands  in  the  month  of  Pifcataqua  River, 
1  miles  E  of  PortfmoHth.  It  has  a  meet- 
ing houfe ;  and  on  the  N  E  point  of  the 
ifland  is  the  light-houfe  and  fort,  with 
16  cannon,  built  ih  1795,  which  de- 
fends, the  harbour  of  Portfmouth.  This 
^lace  is  not  apparently  in  a  floorifliing 
liate.    It  contains  sm  inhabitants. 

iWw  CafiU,  a  poft  town  in  Lincoln  co^ 
Maine,  bettreen  Damafcotte  and  Skungut 
rivers;  so  miles  E  bv  N  of  WifcaiTet,  66 
N  E  of  Portland,  and  193  N  by  E  of  Bof- 
•on.  The  townfliip  contains  996  inbab- 
kanti. 

Nev/  CaJlU,  a  poft  town  of  Hanover  eo. 
Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  Aflequin  Creek, 
%n  the  S  W  fide  of  Panmnky  River, 
and  contains  about  36  honfeu.  It  is  54 
miles  N  W  of  Williamlbarg,  34  If  H  of 
Richmond,  and  297  from  Phiiadelphi.1. 

Nevi  Ciefler,  a  townfhtp  }n  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampmire,  on  the  W  fide  of  Pemige- 
waflet  River,  incorporated  in  1778,  13 
milef  below  npiouth. 

Nno  CorbtM,  a  town  of.  the  province 
of  Tucaman,  in  S.^merica. 

Nnv  De/igH^  in  Louifiana,  a  village  of 
about  4b  houfes,  and  loo  fouls,  ao  miles 
from  the  Spanifh  village  St.  Loui),  and 
15  from  Midifippi  river.  It  ftands  on 
high  ground,  but  is  furronnded  hy  ponds. 
In  1797,  57  of  its  inhabitants  died  of  the 
yellow  fever. 

New  Duilin,  a  townfliip  in  Lunenburg 
CO.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  Bay;  fitft  fet- 
tled by  Irifl),  and  afterwards  by  Germans. 

New  Durham,  in  Strafford  co.  N.  Hamp- 

fliire,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Winnipifeoga 

Lake,  W  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  nearly 

40  miles  N  W  of  Portfmouth.   'incorpo- 

.rated  in  1763,  having  74a  inhabitants. 


NEW 

iVrar  Mdiidutghi  a  new  fcttlemcnt  in 
Nova  Scotia. 

NewnUm,  Cafe,  is  the  N  point  of  Brti^ 
tol  Bay,  OB  the  N  W  coad  of  N.  America. 
All  along  the  coaft  the  flood  tide  fct» 
ftrongly  to  the  N  W,  and  it  is  high  water 
about  noon  on  full  and  change  days.  N 
lat.  5%  4%,^ff  long.  i6a  34. 

NEty  ENGLAND,  (or  Nortlerm  or 
Eafitrn  Statu)  lies  between  41  and  about 
48  N  lat.  and  between  64  53,  and  74  8 
W  long. ;  bounded  N  by  L.  Canada ;  B 
by  the  province  of  N.  Btunfwick  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean ;  S  by  the  fame  ocean, 
and  Long  Uland  Sound  ;  W  by  the  State 
of  N.  York.  It  lies  in  the  form  of  a  quar» 
ter  of  a  circle.  Its  IV  line,  beginning  ae 
the  moath  of  Byram  River,  which  emp> 
ties  into  Long  Ifland  SlVnd,  at  the  S  W 
corner  of  ConnedUcut,  lat.  41,  run*  a  lit> 
tie  E  of  N  nntil  it  ftrikcs  the  45th  dc] 
of  latitude,  and  then  curves  to  the 
ward  almoft  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  LawreiM^ 
It*  extreme  length  is  about  636  miles.  It» 
breadth  is  very  nncqual  from  100  to  aoo 
miles»  containing  about  73,000  fquarc 
miles.  This  grand  divifion  of  the  United 
State*  comprehends  the  States  of  Vermont, 
Mw  Hampfiitt,  Maffaebufittt,  (including 
the  DyirlS  of  Mmne,Rh9dt  JJImitd and Prvm' 
hbmee  Plantalitnit  and  Cenmeffitnt.  New 
England  has  a  very  hea'ahful  climate,  b 
is  eftimated  that  alraut  i  in  7  of  the  in- 
habitants live  to  the  age  of  70  years ;  ami 
about  I  in  13  or  14  to  80  and  upward*. 
N  W,  W  and  S  W  winds  are  the  moft 
prevalent.  £  and  N  £  winds,  which  are 
unelaftic  and  difagrecahle,  are  frequent 
an  certain  feafons  of  the  year,  particular- 
ly in  April  and  May,  on  the  fea-coafts 
from  Maine  to  Rhode  Ifland.  The  weath- 
er is  lefs  variable  than  in  the  middle,  and 
cfpccially  the  fouthcrn  States,  and  more 
fo  than  in  Canada.  The  extreme*  of 
heat  and  cold,  according  to  Fahrenheit'* 
thermometer,  are  from  30  below  to  lOO 
above  o.  The  medium  is  from  48  to  5a 
The  difeafes  moll  prevalent  in  New  Eng.* 
land,  are  alvine  fluxes,  St.  Anthony's  fire, 
afthma,  atrophy,  catarrh,  eholic,  tnfl<im- 
matory — flow — nervous  and  mixed  fe- 
vers,pulmonary  confumpt!on,quinry,  and 
rhcumatifm.  A  late  writer  has  obferved,. 
that  <'  in  other  countries,  men  are  divid- 
ed according  to  their  wealth  or  indi* 
gence,  into  three  dafles;  the  opulent, 
the  middling,  and  the  poor ;  the  idlenefs, 
luxuries,  and  debaucheries  of  the  firft,  and 
the  mifery,  and  too  frequent  intemper- 
aocc-  of  the  laft,  dcftroy  the  greater  pro- 

portioB 


•**<•* 


1 


l-y   mi 


I  ■  i'\' 


£•11 

1 1  m 


/:a! 


■:mi 


■}■  ■ 
i 


NEW 

portion  tit  thefe  twa  The  intermedi* 
■te  daft  ii  below  thofe  indulgencici 
which  prove  fatal  to  the  rich,  and  above 
thofe  fuflfering*  to  which  the  unfortunate 
poor  fall  viAims  :  thii  i*  therefore  the 
happicd  divifion  of  the  three.  Of  t  le 
rich  and  poor,  the  New  England  Sta.ei 
fumifli  a  much  fmaller  proportion  than 
any  other  diftriifk  of  the  known  world. 
In  Connedticut,  particularly,  the  diftribu* 
tion  of  wealth  and  iti  concomitantf,  it 
more  equal  than  elfewhere,  and  therefore. 
as  far  as  excefs  or  want  of  wealth,  may 
prove  dcdrudtive  or  falutary  to  life,  the 
iuhabitanti  of  thi«  State  may  plead  ex- 
cmptiun  from  difeafei."  What  thii  wri- 
ter,  Dr.  Foulke,  fays  of  Connedlieut  in 
particular,  will,  with  very  few  exceptions, 
apply  to  New  England  at  large. 

New  England  is  a  high,  hilly,  and  in 
l<)mc  parts  a  mountainous  country,  form- 
ed by  nature  to  be  inhabited  by  a  hardy 
race  of  free,  independent   republicans. 
The  mountains  are  comparatively  fmall, 
runnini;  nearly  north  and  fouth  in  ridges 
parallel  to  each  other.     Between  thefe 
ridges,  flow  the  great  rivers  in  majellic 
meanders,  receiving  the  innumerable  riv- 
ulets and  larger  ftreams  which  proceed 
from  the  mountains  on  each  Gde.    To  a 
fpeAator  on  the  top  of  a  neighbouring 
mountain,  the  vales  between  the  ridges 
while  in  a  ftate  of  nature,  exhibit  a  ro- 
mantic appearance.    They  feem  an  ocean 
of  woods,  fwclled  and  deprefled  in  its 
furface  like  that  of  the  ocean  itfelf.     A 
richer,  though  lefs  romantic  view  is  pre- 
fented,  when  the  vallics  have  been  clear- 
ed of  their  natural  growth  by  the  induf- 
trioMs  hxfbandmcn,  and  the  fruit  of  their 
Ubour  ;^ppears  in  loaded  nrchirds,  exten- 
five  me.idows,  covered  with  large  herds 
of  (licfp  and  neat  cuttle,  and  rich  fields  of 
fl  IX.  corn,  and  the  various  kinds  of  grain. 
Thtfe    vallic*   are    of  various   breadths 
from  2  to  10  miles ;  and  by  tlic  annual 
inundations   of  the   rivers   and  fmaller 
ftreams,  which  flow  through  them,  there 
is  frrquently  an  accumulation  of  rich,  fat 
foil  left  upon  the  furface  wht-n  the  waters 
retire.     The  principal  rivers  in  New  Eng- 
land, are  Penobfcot,  Kennebec k,  Androf- 
cogflln.   or  Amarifcoggin.   Saco,  Merri- 
mack,   Conne(!ticut,    Houfafonic,   Otter 
Creek,  and  Onion  rivers  ;    befides  many 
i'maller  ones.     New  England,  generally 
fpeaking,  is  better  adapt<fd  for  grazing 
than  for  grain,  though  a  fufBcient  quanti- 
ty of  the  latter  is  raifed  for  home  con- 
sumption, if  wc  except  wheat,  which  is  | 


NEW 

imported,  particularly  into  Maflacht)fett«i 
in  conliderable  quantities  from  the  mid* 
die  and  fouthem  States.     Indian  com* 
rye,  oats,  barley,  buck-wheat,  flax  and 
hemp,  generally  fucceed  very  weU.    Ap« 
pies  are  common,  and  are  generally  plen- 
tv  in  New  England.    Cider  conititutet 
the  principal  drink  of  the  inhabitants  in 
the  northerly  and  eafterly  parts.    Peach* 
es  do  not  thrive  Co  well  as  formerly.    The 
other  common  fruits  are  more  oi  lefs  cul- 
tivated in  different  partsl    The  high  and 
rocky  ground  is  in  many  parts  covered 
with  clover,  and  generally  affords  the 
bed  of  pafture;  and  here  are  raifed  fome 
of  the  fineft  cattle  in  the  world.    TThe 
quantity  of  butter  and  cheefe  made  for 
exportation  it  very  great.     Conliderable 
attention  is  now  paid  to  the  railing  of 
flieep.    This  is  the  mod  populous  divi- 
fion of  the  United  States.     The  great 
body  of  the  inhabitants  are  landholder* 
and  cultivators  of  the  foil.    As  they  pof- 
fefs,  in  fee  fimple,  the  farms  which  they 
cultivate,  they  are  naturally  attached  to 
their  Country ;  the  cultivation  of  the  foil 
makes  them  robuft  and  healthy,  and  ena- 
bles them  to  defend  it.  New  England  may, 
with  propriety,  be  called  a  nurfery  of 
men,  whence  are  annually  tranfplanted, 
into  other  parts  of  the  United  States, 
thoufands  of  its  natives.    Vaft  numbera 
of  them,  fince  the  war,  have  immigrated 
into  the  northern  parts  of  N.  York,  Can- 
ada, Kentucky  and  the  Weftern  Territory, 
and  Georgia,  and  fume  are  fcattercd  into : 
every  State  and  every  town  of  note  io 
the  Union. 

The  inhabitants  of  New  England  are, 
almoft  univerfally,  of  Englifli  defcent; 
and  it  is  owing  to  this  circumftance,  and 
to  the  great  and  general  attention  that 
his  been  paid  to  education,  that  the  Eng- 
lilli  language  has  been  preferved  among 
them  fo  free  from  corruption.  Learning 
is  diiFufed  more  univerfally,  among  all 
ranks  uf  people  here,  than  in  any  oth- 
er part  of  the  globe ;  arifing  from  the 
excellent  cdablinimcnt  of  fchoalg,not  on- 
ly in  every  townflilp,  but  almoft  in  every 
neighbourliood ;  the  extenfive  circulation 
of  newfpapers  ;  and  the  focial  libraries  in 
a  great  part  of  the  parifties.  The  firft  at- 
tempt to  form  s  regular  fettlement  inthis 
country,  was  at  Sagadahock,  in  1607,  but 
the  year  after,  the  whole  number  who 
furvived  the  winter,  returned  to  England. 
The  firft  company  that  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  the  New  England  States,  planted 
themfdves  at  Plymouth, November,  162*. 

The 


theft 

but  10 

of  fctti 

tive  tvl 

Americ 

fairs  in 

hfr  off 

apS  vef 

colony, 

en  and 

families, 

'tants  ill 

fliire,C«) 

ed,  prob 

townfliip 

CO.  Verm 
12  miles 
1,000  inh 

Neivfut, 

the  gulp! 
from  the  ( 
the  Strait 
miles  wid< 
45  and  51 
and  59  40 
381  miles  I 
The  coafts 
ed  with  all 
and  fleet, 
Caft.     Pror 
firitifli  real 
cold  is  lonj 
the  fummei 
it  not  enouj 
able;  for  tl 
ofthei/Iand 
rocky  and  b 
ed  by  feven 
large    and  j 
whenever  th 
of  timber  cot 
on  the   fca 
^ery  remote 
ford  a  large 
all  forts  of  III 
But  what  at 
for,  it  the  gr< 
upon   tliofe  / 
Banks  of  Nei 
and  the  U  St 
tion,  annually 
craft  in  this  fi 
»nd  on  fliorc 
are  upwards  „ 
this  fitliery   is 
hranch  of  tra 
fource  of  liveli 
poor  people, 


NEW 


NEW 


d  are, 
efcent; 
ce,  and 
that 
le  Eng- 
among 
earning 
ong  all 
y  oth- 
■im  the 
not  on- 
evcrjr 
ulaticn 
aries  in 
firft  at- 
inthts 
07,  but 
r  who 
ngland. 
'ounda- 
lanted 
,i6a». 
The 


The  founder*  of  the  colony  confiflcd  of 
but  loi  foula.  In  1640,  the  importation 
of  fcttlen  ceafcd.  Pcrfccution,  (the  mo- 
tive ivhich  hud  led  to  tranfportalion  to 
America)  wan  over,  by  the  chsngc  of  af- 
fair* in  England.  At  this  time,  the  num- 
ber of  paircngtTS  who  had  come  over,  in 
»p!i  velTels,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
colony^  amounted  to  2 1,100,  men,  wom- 
en and  children ;  perhaps  about  4,000 
families.  In  1760,  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants in  MaOachufcttii  Bay,  New  Hamp- 
fliire, Connecticut,  and  R.Ifland,  amount- 
ed, probably,  to  half  a  million. 

Ncw-Fairjield,  the  north-wcftemmoft 
towndiip  in  Fairfield  co,  Conncdticut. 

New-Fane,  the  chief  town  of  Windham 
eo.  Vermont,  in  fituated  on  Weft  River, 
12  miles  N  W  of  Brattleborough.  It  has 
1,000  inhabittnts. 

Newfoundland  Jfland,  on   the  £  Tide  of 
the  gulph  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  feparatcd 
from  the  coad  of  Labrador  on  the  N  by 
the  Straits  of  Belille,  which  is  about  21 
miles  wide.     It  is  Gtuated  between  Ut.  46 
45  and  5i  46  N,  and  between  long.  53  31 
and  59  40  weft  from  Greenwich;  being 
381  miles  long,  and  from  40  to  287  broad. 
The  coafts  are  fubjeifl  to  fogs,  attend- 
ed with  almod  continual  dorms  of  fnow 
and  fleet,    the  fky  being  ufually  over- 
cad.     From  the  foil  of  this  il)and  the 
Ilritith  reap  no  great  advaiitage,  for  the 
cold  is  long  continued  and  fevere  ;  and 
the  fummer  heat,  though  violent,  warms 
it  not  enough  to  produce  any  thing  valu- 
able ;  for  the  foil,  at  lead  in  thofe  parts 
of  the  ifland  which  have  been  explored,  is 
rocky  and  barren.     However,  it  is  water- 
ed by  feveral  good  rivets,  antl  has  many 
large    and  good  harbours.     Tliis  iilanci, 
whenever  the  c  ntinent  fliall  come  to  fail 
of  timber  convenient  to  navigation  (which 
on  the   fca  coaft  perhaps    will  he  at  no 
very  remote  ptriod)  it   is   faid  wilt  af- 
ford a  large  fupply  for  mads,  yards,  and 
all  forts  of  lumber  for  the  W.  India  trade. 
But  what  at  prefent  it  is  chiefly  valuable 
for,  is  the  great  fidiery  of  cod  carriid  011 
upon   thofe  flioals  which  are  called  the 
Banks  of  Newfoundland.     Great  Britain 
and  the  U.  States,  at  the  lowed  computa- 
tion, annually  employ  3000  fail  (if  I'inall 
craft  in  this  fifliery  ;  onboard    (if  which,    | 
and  on  (lioie  to  cure  and  pach  thf  lifli, 
are  upwards  of   too,ooo  hands  ;  fo  that 
this  filhery   is  not    only  a  very  valuahle 
branch  of  trade   to  the  merchant,  but  a 
fource  of  livelihootl  to  many  th<wfands  of 
poor  people,  and  a  nsd  excellent  nurfe- 
y«L.  I..  Y  Y 


ry  to  the  royal  navy.  This  fidiery  A 
computed  to  increafc  the  n.ttlonal  iloclc 
300,0001.  a  year  in  gold  and  (ilver.rcmii- 
ted  for  the  cod  fold  in  the  imrth,  in  Spain, 
Portugal,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.  'Ih^ 
plenty  of  cod,  both  o\\  t!tc  ffteat  bank  and 
the  lelTcr  ones,  which  lie  to  the  E  and  S 
E  of  this  ifland,  is  inconceivabit  ;  and  not 
only  cod,  but  fevtral  other  I'pccif*  of  lifli 
are  caught  there  in  abundunce  ;  all  of 
which  arc  in  nearly  an  cquiil  pli  nty  ahmjj 
the  fliores  of  NcwfoundLnnd,  Nova-Sco- 
tia, New-England,  and  the  ille  of  Capc« 
Breton  ;  and  very  profiuble  fillieries  are 
carried  on  upon  all  thtir  coads. 

This  illand,  afccr  various  difputes  about, 
the  property,  was  entirely  ceded   to  En- 
gland by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  17 13  ; 
but  the  French  were  left  at  liberty  to  dry 
their  nets  on  the  northern  fliores  of  the 
idand ;  and  by  the  treaty  of  1763   they, 
were  permitted  to  fifli  in  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  but  with  this  limitation,  that 
they  fltould  not  approach  within  three- 
leagues  of  any  of  the  co.ilks  belonging  to 
England.     The  fn.all  iflands  of  .St.  Piirrs 
and  Miquelon,  fltuated  to  the  fouthward 
of  Newfoundland,  were  alfo  ceded  to  the 
French,  wljo  dipuUted  to  eretil:  no  forti-*. 
'  iications  on   thefe   iflands,  nor   to  keep  . 
more  than  50  foldicrs  to  enforce  the  po- 
lice.     By  the  lad  treaty  of  peace,  the 
French  are  to  enjoy  the  (inieries  on  the  , 
N  and  on  the  W  coads  of  the  ifland  ;  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  United  .States  are  . 
allowed  the  fame  privileges  in  filhinj!:,  as  ■ 
befo'i-   their    independence.     'I'hc   cliief 
tow.;.    !^   Newfoundland   are,  Placencu,  • 
Bonavif "1,  and  St.  John's;  buc  not  above  ■ 
1,000  families  remain  here  in  winter.     A 
fmall   fquidron  of  men  of  war  arc  fci.t  . 
out  every  fpring  to  proteiSl  the  filberie»^< 
and  inhabitants,   the   admiral  cf  which,  ; 
for  the  time  being,  is  governor  of  the.  , 
ifland,  btfides  whom,  there  is  a  lieutenant-  . 
governo.',  who  rclides   at   Placentia.     In 
1 785,  Great    Britain   employed   in    the   , 
Newfoundland  fiibery,   %()%  fitbing  fliipi,    , 
and    58    colony    ibips,    whofe    tonnage    , 
amounted    to   4  r.990.     The  fame  year, 
ihcy   carried  to  foreign  markets  59i,'a76 
cpiintals  of  fiflj.      In    1799,  34.C  velfels, 
whole  tonnage  amounted  ro  34,? Ij,  car-    , 
ryiiij^  a,449  men,  were  employed  in  this, 
filhtry.     The   f..mo    year   wa,-.    exported    , 
45,^1.1.^7  quintals  of  dry  cod  fifli,  1.5,995    ; 
do.  of  core  lifh,   ;,6i2  tierces  of  i'almon,    , 
101  i>arrels  of  herrings,  3,017  tons  of  oil, 
and  74,181  ffa!  fkins. 

Vcll'eU  lie  >n  the  bays  and  harbours  of 

ti:is 


I 


mm 


NEW 


NEW 


this  iffand  in  perfedl  fecurity,  beinj;  well 
flieltcred,  except  at  the  rntrante,  by  the 
mountaint;  and  fome  of  them  (the  whole 
circuit  of  the  ifland  being  full  of  tiitm) 
are  x  or  t  leagues  in  length,  and  near 
half  a  league  in  breadth,  into  which  fcv- 
eral  rivers  and  brooki  of  excellent  water 
come  front  the  adjacent  mountains.  Thefe 
atfo  are  contiguous  to  each  other,  being 
feparited  ufually  only  by  a  point  of  land, 
feldom  exceeding  i  leagues  in  breadth. 
But  the  towns  and  villages  are  only  on 
the  larger  and  more  commodious  bays. 
The  cod  are  ufually  found  tu  be  mod 
abundant  wKere  the  bottom  Is  fandy, 
and  the  lead  numerous  where  it  is  mud- 
dy, and  the  belt  depth  is  alfo  between  30 
and  40  fathoms,  when  a  (hip  has  taken 
her  (iation,  flic  is  immediately  unrigged, 
and  a  proper  place  felccEtcd  for  curing  and 
fecuring  the  Afli,  and  huts  ercifted  for 
the  men  who  work  afliore ;  a  large  fcaf- 
fold  is  alfo  ercifled  at  the  water's  edge, 
where  the  number  of  (hallops  deftined 
for  the  filhery  it  got  ready,  and  alfo  fe- 
cured  after  the  feafon  is  over,  till  dte 
following  fummer.  Ships  RtA  entering 
any  bay,  have  the  privilege  of  applying 
thefe  to  their  own  ufe.  The  mafterwho 
arrives  iird  in  the  feafon  in  each  of  the 
numerous  harbours,  is  for  that  year  ftyled 
Lord  of  the  Harbour  ;  who  alio  fettles 
difputes  among  the  fifliermen.  We  ihall 
net  detail  the  mode  ofmanaging  and  cur- 
ing the  fifli,  which  is  purfutd  with  much 
perfevering  labour;  we  fhall  only  add, 
that  the  Great  Bank  of  Newfoutldland, 
which  may  properly  be  deemed  a  vafl 
mountain  under  water,  is  not  lefs  than 
330  milea  in  length,  and  about  75  in 
breadth.  The  depth  of  the  water  upon 
it  varies  from  15  to  60  fathoms,  and  the 
bottom  is  covered  with  a  vaft  quantity 
of  iliells,  and  frequented  by  vaft  flioals 
of  fmall  fifh,  mofl  of  which  fcrve  as  food 
to  the  cod,  that  are  inconceivably  nume- 
rous and  voracious.  It  is  a  fadt,  in  proof 
of  the  plenty  of  cod  here,  that  though  fo 
many  hundred  vcffcls  have  been  annually 
loaded  with  them,  for  two  centuries  paft, 
yet  the  prodigious  confumption  has  not 
yet  leflened  their  plenty.  The  number 
of  fowls  called  penguins,  are  certain  marks 
for  the  bank,  and  are  never  found  off  it ; 
thefe  are  fometimes  feen  in  flocks,  but 
more  ufually  in  pairs.  The  fiihery  on 
the  banks  of  Newfoundland  mny  he  jullly 
ly  efleemed  a  mine  of  greater  value  than 
of  thofcin  Mexico  or  Peru.  The  French 
ufed  to  employ  iu  this  tliliery  264  Hiips, 


tmmge  17439;  and  9403  men.  Total 
value  /j 270,000  (Icrling. 

iVirui  found  Milh,  Hanover  co.  Virgin- 
ia. Here  is  a  pod  office,  111  miles  from 
Wafliingtoo. 

Neto  Cat  Jem,  a  poft  town  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylv/nia. 

Nne  Gar  An,  a  fettlement  of  the  Friendi 
in  Onildford  co.  North  Carolina. 

Niw  Geneva,  apoft  town  in  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvauk. 

New  Geneva,  in  Fayette  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia,  on  the  S  ijdt  of  the  Monongahela.  It 
has  a  mannfaclory  of  glafs  bottle*  and 
mufquets.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are  found  in 
great  plenty  in  the  vicinity.  Here  it  a 
poft  office,  330  miles  from  Wafliington. 

NrW'Germantoivn,  a  poll  town  of  Netr 
Jerfcy,  Hunterdon  co.  %%  miles  N  W  of 
Brunfwick,  47  N  by  £  of  Trenton,  and 
77  N  E  by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

NewCltueefter,  a  iVnall  pod  town  in 
Cumberland  co.  Maine,  97  miles  norther- 
ly of  Portland,  and  146  M  of  Bolton.  It 
was  Incorporated  in  1774,  and  contain* 
i«378  inhabitants. 

New  Gettin&eit,  i.  tow'n  of  Ocorgia, 
Burke  co.  on  tne  W  bank  of  Savannah 
river,  about  iSmiles  Eof  Wayndborough, 
and  35  N  W  of  Ebenezer. 

Ntib-Graitada,  a  province  in  the  fouth- 
em  divifion  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America, 
whofe  chief  town  is  Santa  Fede  Bogota. 
Gee  GiMa. 

NevyGramlbom,  a  townfliip  in  Cheihire 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  was  incorpotated  in 
1761,  about  fifteen  mile*  S  £  of  Dart- 
mouth college. 

Nev>  Hamfjhire,  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  fituated  between 
lat.  42  41  and  45  11  N,  and  between 
70  40  and  7%  38  W  long,  from  Green- 
wich ;  bounded  N  by  Lower  Canada ;  £ 
by  the  Diftridk  of  Maine  ;  S  by  MafTa- 
chufetts,  and  W  by  Connedlicut  river, 
which  feparates  it  from  Vermont.  Its 
Oiape  is  nearly  that  of  a  right  angled  tri- 
angle. The  Diflridt  of  Maine  and  the 
fea  its  leg,  the  line  of  Maflachufetts  its 

Eerpendicular,  and  Connc<Sticut  River  its 
ypothenufe.  It  contains  9,491  fquare 
miles,  or  6,074,240  acres ;  of  which  at 
leaft  100,000  acres  are  wvtcr.  Its  length 
is  r68  miles ;  its  greatcit  breadth  90,  and 
its  leaft  breadth  19  miles. 

This  .State  i«  divided  into  5  counties, 
viz.  Rockingham,  Strafford,  Cheihire, 
Hillfborough,  and  Grafton.  The  chief 
towns  are  Portfmouth,  Exeter,  Concord, 
Dover,  Amherft,  Keen,  Charleilown,  PIv- 

motitn, 


NEW 


MEW 


mouth,  and  Haverhill.  Mod  of  the  town- 
fhip*  4re  6  miles  fquarc,  and  the  whole 
number  of  townfliipt  and  locations  i* 
ai4  ;  containing  183,858  inhabitanti.  In 
1767,  the  number  of  inhabitant*  watefti- 
mated  at  52,70a  This  State  has  but 
about  18  miles  of  fca-coaft,  at  its  S  £  cor- 
ner.  In  this  didance  there  are  fcveral 
coves  for  fifhinff  veffels,  but  the  onl^  har- 
bour for  (hips  IS  the  entrance  of  Pifcata- 
qua  River,  the  Hiorcs  of  which  are  rocky. 
The  fhore  is  moftly  a  Tandy  beach,  ad* 
joining  to  which  arc  fait  marihes,  inter- 
fedVcd  by  creeks,  which  produce  good 
pafture  for  cattle  and  Iheep.  The  inter- 
val lands  on  the  margin  of  the  great  riv- 
en are  moft  valuable,  becaufe  they  are 
overflowed  and  enriched  by  the  water 
from  the  uplands  which  brings  a  fat  flime 
or  fediment.  On  Conuedticut  River thefe 
lands  are  from  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  a 
mile  and  a  half  on  each  fide,  and  produce 
corn,  grain,  and  grafs,  cfpecially  wheat, 
in  greater  abundance  and  perfenion  than 
the  fame  kind  of  foil  does  in  the  higher 
lands.  The  wide  fpreading  hills  are  ef- 
teemed  as  warm  and  rich ;  rocky  moid 
land  is  accounted  good  for  paflure; 
drained  fwamps  have  a  deep  mellow  foil ; 
and  the  vallies  between  the  hills  are  gen- 
erally very  produdtive.  Agriculture  is 
the  chief  occupation  of  the  inhabitants  ; 
beef,  pork,  mutton,  poultrv,  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  barley,  pulfe,  butter,  cheefe, 
hops,  efculent  roots  and  plants,  flax, 
hemp,  &c.  are  articles  which  will  always 
find  a  market,  and  are  raifcd  in  immenfe 
(Quantities  in  New  Hampfhire,  both  for 
home  confumption  and  exportation.  Ap- 
ples and  pears  arc  the  moft  common  fruits 
cultivated  in  this  State,  and  no  hulband- 
roan  thinks  his  farm  complete  without  an 
orchard.  Treie  fruit  of  the  iirft  quality 
cannot  be  raifed  in  fuch  a  northern  cli- 
mate as  this,  without  particular  atten- 
tion. N.  York,  N.  Jerfcy  and  Pennfyiva- 
nia  have  it  iu  perfedlion.  As  you  depart 
from  that  tradk,  either  fouthward  or 
northward,  it  degenerates.  The  unculti- 
vated lands  are  covered  with  eztenfive 
forefb  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  oak,  walnut,  &c. 
For  climate,  difeafcs,  &e.fee  New  England. 
New  Hampfliire  is  interfedted  by  fcveral 
rjmges  of  mountains.  The  fit  ft  ridge,  bv 
the  name  of  the  Blue  Hills,  pafles  througn 
Rochefter,  Barrington  and  Nottingham, 
and  the  feveral  fummits  are  diftingiiiflied 
by  different  names.  Behind  thefe  are 
feveral  higher  detached  mountains.  Far- 
dier  back  the  mountiiiiu  rife  lUU  higher, 

■• ■■  -    ^'  ■  •      ■  -  -J  .    ■ 

\ 


and  among  the  third  range,  Chocorut, 
Oflapee,  and  Kyarfarge,are  the  principal. 
Beyund  thrlc  is  the  lofty  ridge  which 
divides  the  branches  of  Connecticut  and 
Merrimack  rivers,  denominated  the 
Height  of  Land.  In  this  ridge  is  the  cele- 
brated Monadnnck  mountain.  Thirty 
miles  N  of  which  is  Siinapce,  and  48  miles 
further  is  Moofehilluck,  called  iilfn  Moo- 
(heluck  mountain  The  ridge  is  then 
continued  northerly,  dividing  the  waters 
of  the  I  ivcT  Conncdlicut  from  thole  of 
Saco,  and  Amarifcoggin.  Here  the  moun- 
tains rile  much  higher,  and  the  mod  eleva* 
ted  fummits  in  this  range  are  the  White 
Mountain],  The  lands  W  of  this  lad 
mentioned  rangt  of  mountains,  bordering 
on  Conncdlicut  River,  are  interfperftd 
with  cxtcnfive  nieadows,  rich  and  well 
watered.  Oifapee  Mountair  lies  adjoin- 
ing the  town  of  Moultonborough  on  the  N 
E.  In  this  town  it  is  ohfcrved,  that  in  a 
N  £  dorm  the  wind  falls  over  the  moun- 
tain, like  water  over  a  dam ;  and  with 
fuch  force,  as  frequently  to  unroof  houfes. 
People  who  live  near  thefe  mouncaiiu,  by 
noticingthe  various  movements  of  attradl* 
ed  vapt)urs,  can  form  a  pretty  accurate 
judgment  of  the  weather ;  and  they 
hence  Qyle  thefe  mountains  their  Alma- 
nack. If  a  cloud  is  attradted  by  a  moun<> 
tain,  and  hovers  on  its  top,  they  predidk 
rain  ;  and  if,  after  rain,  the  mountain 
continues  capped,  they  expedt  a  repeti- 
tion of  (howers.  A  ftorm  is  preceded 
for  feveral  hours  by  a  roaring  of  the 
mountain,  which  may  be  heard  10  or  la 
miles.  But  the  White  Mountains  are  un- 
doubtedly the  highed  land  in  New  Eng- 
land, and,  in  clear  weather,  are  difcover- 
ed  before  any  other  land,  by  vcflcls  com- 
ing in  to  the  eadern  coad ;  but  by  reafon 
of  their  white  appearance,  are  frequently 
midaken  for  clouds.  They  are  viuble  on 
the  land  at  the  didance  of  80  miles,  on 
the  S  and  S  £  fides ;  they  appear  high- 
er when  viewed  from  the  N  E,  and  it 
is  faid,  they  are  feen  from  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Chamblee  and  Quebec. 
The  Indians  gave  them  the  name  of  Agt- 
ocochook.  The  number  of  fummits  in 
this  cluder  of  mountains  cannot  at  prefent 
be  afccrtaincd,  the  country  around  them 
being  a  thick  wildernefs.  The  greated 
number  which  can  be  feen  at  once,  is  at 
Dartmouth,  on  the  N  W  fide,  where  feiN 
en  fummits  appear  at  one  view,  of  which 
four  are  bald.  Of  thefe  the  three  highed 
are  the  mod  didant,  being  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  the  duller ;  one  of  thefe  is  the 

mountaia 


f 


:if"  J 


NEW 


N  F.  W 


mountain  vhlch  makc^  fom»ji.ft!i'an  »p'  I 
pC)ir;in>'c  all  A^mg  tlie  lliorc  of  the  c.id- 
crn  counties  nt  Mallarhulctfj ;  It  h.is 
lately  hccn  dirtiiiguiria'd  liy  tlie  name  o( 
Mount  IV.iJbingioH.  IXirini;  the  period  of 
9  or  io  montlis,  titcic  niniintain*  e'^hihit 
more  or  Icf-)  or  tiiitt  l)r!ght  appearance, 
from  which  tliey  are  dcnuniinated  wltitc. 
In  the  iprin^;,  vvhei.  the  fnow  is  p.ii-ily 
diflblvcd,  they  appear 'of  a  pa!c  hUie, 
(Ireaked  with  white  ;  and.'tttr  it  is  whul 
]y  gone,  at  the  difbuce  of  Co  tiiilcH,  they 
*irc  altogether  t)f  the  fame  pale  hint,  near- 
ly approaching  a  iky  colour ;  while  at 
the  fame  time,  viewed  at  the  diflanee  ot 
8  miles  or  Iffs,  tiity  apjiear  of  the  proper 
colour  of  the  rock.  Tliefe  change*  are  ob- 
fcrved  bv  people  who  live  within  eonflant 
view  of  them  ;  and  from  thefe  fadts  and 
obfe/vations,  it  may  with  ecrtainty  he 
concluded,  that  the  whitenciii  of  them  is 
wholly  eaufcd  by  tiic  fiiow,  and  not  by 
any  other  white  fubfluncci  fpr  in  {^«Sl 
there  is  none. 

The  reader  will  find  an  elegant  dcf- 
fiiption  of  thefe  mountains  in  the  3d  vol. 
of  i-r  Belknap's  Hiftorv  of  New  Hanip< 
fliire,  from  which  the  above  is  extraded 

I'hc  mofl  confidcrablc  rivers  of  this 
State  arc  Connet^ticut,  Merrimack.  I'jfcat- 
aqua,  Saco,  Androfcoggi  n ,  Upper  and  Low- 
er Amonooluck,btfides  many  other  fmali- 
<er  dreams.  I'he  chief  lakes  are  Winni> 
pifeogce,  Umbagog,  Sunapec,  Squam,  and 
Great  Oflapce.  Before  the  war,  fliip- 
building  was  a  fource  of  ccnfidcrable 
wealth  to  this  State  ;  about  ioo  vefiels 
\verc  then  annually  built,  and  fold  in  Eu- 
rope and  in  the  W.  Indies;  but  that  trade 
is  much  declined.  Although  this  is  not 
to  be  ranked  among  the  great  commer- 
cial States,  yet  its  trade  is  confidera- 
l)le.  Its  exports  eonfifl  of  lumber,  (liip- 
timber,  whale  oil,  flax-feed,  live  flock, 
beef,  potk,  Indian  corn,  pot  and  pearl 
afhes,  &c.  &c.  In  1790,  there  belonged 
to  Pifcataqua  J3  vefTels  above  100  tons, 
and  50  under  that  burden.  The  tonnage 
of  foreign  and  American  vefTels  cleared 
cut  from  the  4  ft  of  0<flober,  1789,  to  the 
ift  of  Oii1oi>er,  1791,  was  31,097  tons,  of 
■which  26.J60  tons  were  An^criean  vcil'cls. 
The  fiflicrics  at  I'ifcataqua,  including  the 
lile  of  Sho:<ls,  employ  annually  ^^  fchoo- 
pcrs  and  20  bouts.  In  I79i,the  protlnce 
•was  25,85c  qiiintiils  of  cod  and  fcale  flili. 
The  exports  from  the  port  of  Pifcataqua 
in  two  years,  viz.  from  the  ift  of  Oclo- 
per,  1789,  to  the  ift  of  October,  1791, 
j^toountc^  to  the  value  of  296,839  dolls. 


J I  ceiit^ ;  iti  the  year  ending  .Icpt.  3eth, 
1792,  181407  dollars;  in  1793,  198,191 
dollars;  and  in  the  year  1794,  153,85^ 
doll.irs  ;  in  1801,  the  exports  ai))t>iinted 
to  565,;,y4  dollar*.  The  bank  of  New 
iLmplhite  v,A%  tftabliflicd  in  1791,  with 
a  capital  of  60,000  dollars  ;  by  au  aifl  ui 
aflcmbly  the  (lock-holder*  can  increafc  i^ 
to  23o,oco  dollars  i'pccie,  and  100,009 
dollars,  in  any  other  cflate.  The  only 
eolle;;e  in  the  State  is  at  Hanover,  called 
Dartmouth  Colhi^e,  which  ii  amply  en- 
dowed with  lands,  and  is  in  a  flourifliing 
licuation.  I'liL'  principal  academiei  ar« 
thofe  f>i  txctcr,  New-lpfwich,  Atkinfon, 
and  Amhtrft.  ticc  Ntw-England,  Unittj 
Siatei,  &e. 

Ntiv Hampton,  A  pofl  town  of  Kew- 
Hampfliire,  StrafTord  <o,  on  the  W  fide 
of  Lake  Winnipifeogee,  9  miles  S  £  of 
Plymouth,  and  9  miles  N  W  of  Mere- 
dith; incorporated  in  1777. 

NeivHamfiton,  a  pofl  town,  Hunterdon 
CO.  New  Jcrley,  a  17  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

NtwHanavet,  a  maritime  co.  of  Wil- 
mington diftridl,  N.  Carolina,  extending 
from  Cape  fear  River  N  E  along  the  At* 
lantic  ocean.     Chief  town,  Wilmington. 

Niiu-Hanavir,  a  townfhip  in  Burling- 
ton CO.  N.  Jcrfey,  containing  about  20,000 
acres  of  improved  land,  and  a  large  quan- 
tity that  ib  barren  and  uncultivated.  The 
compact  part  of  the  townfhip  is  eallecf 
New M ills,  where  are  about  50  houfes, 
27  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  13  from 
Burlington. 

Nttv-Hano-ver,  a  townfhip  in  Morgaa 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

NetV'HjHo-ver,  a  CO.  of  N.  Carolina,  dif- 
tri<5l  of  Wilmington,  containing  5,371  in- 
habitants, of  whom  2,933  arc  flavek.  Haz- 
ardous is  the  ftate  of  that  focicty  while 
its  ruin  would  be  dcllreable  to  the  ma- 
jority. 

New  Hart/or  J,  a  fmall  poll-town  in 
Litchfield  co.  Conncdlicut,  14  miles  N  li 
of  Li^fchfuld,  20  W  by  Nof  Hartford. 

Ncxu'HavtH  CO.  Conn. extends  along  the 
Sound  between  Middlcfcx  co.  on  the  caft, 
and  Fairfield  eo.  on  the  weft  ;  about  30 
miles  long  fiom  N  toS,  and  28  from  eaft 
to  weft.  It  is  divided  into  14  townfliips. 
It  contained  in  1756, 17,955  free  perfons, 
and  226  (lives  ;  in  1774,  25,896  free  per- 
fons and  925  (laves  ;  in  1790,  30,397  free 
perfons  and  433  Haves  ;  and  in  i3oo, 
31,926  free  perfons  and  Z36  (laves. 

NewHavm,  (City)  the  feat  of  juftice  in 
the  above  co.  and  the  fcmi-metropolis  of 

the 


<kc  5!tAte. 

of  a  bay  wl 

N  from   Lii 

part  uf  a  lai 

.bed  on  thrci 

tains.     Twc 

£  and  W. 

iquares  of  6 

iuvc  beeud 

Xlicets  run  ] 

by  others  at 

of  the  city  i 

around  whi( 

which  are  a 

a  chapel  and 

churches  foi 

for  Epilcop 

fome  and  c 

college  edi  tic 

churches  a:  c 

;*  encircled  1 

der  it  both 

Its  beauty,  \v 

by  the  buria 

public  build 

crabic  part  ci 

ornamented 

fide,  which  \ 

ance.    The 

Igreatly  varie 

iul.    There! 

dwelling-hoi 

wood.    The 

\Vithin  the  li 

J47  houfes, . 

About  one  i 

as  to  pleafan 

ty  of  air,  Ne 

by  any  city  i 

confiderable 

the  Weft  Ind 

year,  ending 

the  value  of 

tures  of  card 

and  paper  a 

College,  whi( 

was  founded 

jingworth  un 

;il  1716,  whe 

New  Haven. 

cipal  benefaif 

preCcnt  8  er 

each  100  feel 

habited  by  1 

chambers  eac 

Audents;  a  c 

^etple  130  ft 

the  library,  ( 

^  dining  hall 

jthe  prc-udenr. 


NEW 


NEW 


ctac  5!tAte.  Tl)i»  c!ty  liei  rmind  the  hc»A 
ot  a  li-<y  whirh  maVc*  up  abuut  4  nulcn 
N  from  Li)n}»  Ifland  .Sound.  It  cover* 
part  of  a  Ijtrgc  |>laiu  which  ii  circumfcrU 
bed  on  three  lldcn  bv  high  hilU  or  moun- 
lainit.  'I' wo  imall  rivers  bound  the  city 
}L  and  W.  It  wa>  originally  laid  out  in 
fquaret  ol  60  rndt ;  many  ot  thefc  fquarcs 
iuvc  been  divided  by  crofg  Qrecti.  Four 
jfliects  run  N  W  and  S  £,  and  are  eroded 
by  other*  at  rijjlit  angles.  Near  the  centre 
of  the  city  it  the  public  bjuare,  oa  and 
around  whicli  are  the  public  buildingi, 
which  are  a  ftate-houle,  3  college  edifice*, 
a ehapti  and  edifice  ior  the  library, &c.  3 
churchc*  for  Cungregationaliflu,  and  one 
for  Epil'copalians ;  ail  which  arc  hand- 
feme  and  tommodious  buildingi.  The 
college  cditiccs,  (iHtc-hourt,  and  one  of  the 
churches  a:  c  uf  brick.  The  public  ftjuarc 
j*  encircled  with  rows  of  trees,  which  ren- 
der it  both  convenient  and  delightful. 
Its  beauty,  however,  it  greatly  diminiflied 
by  the  burial-ground,  and  fcvcral  of  the 
public  buildings  which  occupy  a  confid- 
crable  part  of  it.  Many  of  the  ftreets  are 
ornamented  with  rows  of  trees  on  each 
fade,  which  give  the  city  a  rural  appear- 
ance. The  profpecft  from  the  (leeples  is 
Igreatly  variegated  and  extremely  beauti- 
iul.  There  are  between  300  and  400  neat 
dwelling-houfcs  in  the  city,  principally  of 
wood.  The  flrccts  are  fandy  but  clean. 
!Within  the  limits  of  the  city  in  1798,  weri- 
547  houfcs,  and  upwards  of  4,000  fouU. 
About  one  in  70  die  annuaUy.  Indeed 
as  to  pleafantnefs  of  fituationand  falubri- 
ly  of  air,  New-Haven  is  hardly  exceeded. 
by  any  city  in  America.  It  carries  on  a 
confiderable  trade  with  New-York  and 
the  Wcfl  India  illands.  The  exports  for  i 
year, ending  Srpt.  30,  1794,  amounted  to 
the  value  of  i;  t,868  dollars.  Manufac- 
tures of  card  teeth, linen,  buttons,  cotton, 
and  paper  are  carried  on  here.  Yale 
College,  which  is  cftabliflied  in  this  city, 
was  founded  in  1700, and  rcmainedatKil- 
lingworth  until  1707, thcnatSaybrook  un- 
lit 17 16,  when  it  was  removed  and  fixed  at 
New  Haven.  It  has  itsnamefrom  its  prin- 
cipal benefa«ftor,  Gov.  Yale.  There  are  at 
prei'cnt  8  college  domiciles,  3  of  which, 
each  100  fret  long,  and  40  wide,  are  in- 
habited by  the  fludents,  containing  31 
cliambcr.4  each,  fuificient  for  lodging  -zoo 
/lurlents ;  a  chapel  40  by  50  feet,  with  a 
Oetple  1 30 feet  high;  another  edifice  for 
the  library,  &c.  of  the  fame  dimcnfions, 
^  dining  hall  60  by  40  feet ;  a  houfc  for 
ffhe  prtiidfiu,  and  another  for  the  profcf- 


for  pf  divinity.  The  public  library  co»> 
lifts  of  about  .i.cco  volumes,  »nd  the  phi- 
lofophical  apparatus  ia  as  complete  at 
moli  others  in  the  United  dtates.aml  con* 
tains  the  machines  nicefl'.iry  tor  exhibit- 
ing  experiniiiiti.  m  tlie  whole  rourfc  of 
experimental  pliil(ii'(i|.'liy  ;ind  altrouumy. 
The  niiilcum.to  wlticlt  additions  arc  coa* 
flantly  m.ikiiig,  contains  many  natural 
curitifitit*.  From  the  year  i/r.oio  i;(;3, 
there  had  bcc:ii  educated  and  graJurttcd 
at  thin  uiiivei  fity  ai)out  2,303.  i'hc  niiin- 
her  cf  fbiJeiits  is  jjcnerally  130.  The 
harbour,  though  interior  to  New-London, 
has  good  anchorage,  with  3  f.<th(mis  and  4 
feet  water  at  eoniiiiontiden,aii(l2|[t'.'ithoms 
at  low  water.  '1  hi»  place  and  ILtrtiord 
are  the  feats  of  the  Icjjidature  ;.  ternattly. 
It  is  40  miles  S  W  bv  S  of  K  ;■  tl.,rJ,  54 
from  N.w-l.cndon,  §8  from  Ntw-York, 
151  from  Bolton,  and  i?,t,  N  V.  ot  Phda- 
delphia.     N  lat.  41  18,  W  lonti   -j  i  56. 

Nfw-Hivtn,  a  port  town  in  Aodifon  co. 
Vermont,  on  Otter  Creek,  between  Mid- 
dlebury  and  Vergenncs. 

Ne^vHtbriJa,z  clufler  of  ifland<>  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  fo  called  by  Capt.  Cook  in 
1794  ;  the  fame  as  the  Arcbifela^i,  „/  tU 
Great  Cycladei  of  Bougainville,  or  the  Iir* 
ra  Aujiral  of  Quiros  ;  which  fee. 

Neio-HotlanJ,  a  pod  town  of  Pennfvlva" 
nia.Lancaflcr  co.  in  the  mid II  of  a  (<  rtile 
country.  It  contains  a  Gernnn  church 
and  about  100  hourcn.  It  ii>  1  2  inJ'es  E 
N  E  of  Lancafttr,  and  54  W  N  W  of 
Philadelphia. 

N~:'!V-Jl:'nt!ngton.   See  IJuHtitit^loit, 

Nrti'iil-i:j\i\iuict.  ^ce  PifcatJquu. 

Keivington,  a  townlliip,  t'nnji.rly  part 
of  Portlinouth  and  Dover,  in  Rot  kiupliani 
CO.  New  HanipUiite.  It  contains  481  in- 
habitants. 

Nf:vlnijrn:ft,  in  Geori^ia,  i»  filuattd 
near  Darien  on  Alatam  i!ia  River,  It 
was  built  by  the  Scotch  Highlanders,  160 
of  whom  landed  here  in  1735. 

Nciv-IpfwiJj,  a  pr-d  town  in  T-li!lf. 
borough  eo.  N.  Haniptliirc,  on  the  \V  fide 
of  Souhegan  river,  ujion  the  f(Mith'.'rii  line 
oftheSlatc.  It  was  incorpoiated  in  1761, 
and  contains  1,266  inhabitanf*.  There  is 
an  academy,  founded  in  178;;,  haviiiij  a 
fund  of  about  j^  1,000,  and  lus  gent  rally 
about  40  or  50  fliidcnti.  It  is  about  24 
miles  S  E  of  Kcene,  and  75  W  b  W  of 
Portfmouth. 

Ne-w  Jtrfey,  one  of  t!ie  Uniied  State* 
of  America,  \t  fituatcd  betivccn  39  and 
41  24  N  latitude,  and  between  74  44  aiid 
7  J  33  W  longitude  from  Loudon  \  Iiound- 

c4 


t  m 


NEW 


NEW 


cd  E  by  HttdfonV  River  and  the  Ocean ; 
W  by  Delaware  Bay  i-J  river, which  di- 
vide it  from  the  State:.  <.f  Delaware  and 
Pennfylvania ;  N  by  th&  tine  drawn  from 
the  mouth  of  Mahakkamak  river,  in  lat. 

J^  I  24  to  a  point  on  Hudfon's  River,  in 
at.  41.     It  is  about  160  miles  long  and 
5a  broad,  containing  about  8,320  fquare 
philes,  equal  to  5,3/4,800  acres.     It  is  di- 
vided  into  13  counties,  viz.  Cape  May, 
Cumberland,  Salem,  Gluuceder,  Burling- 
ton, Hunterdon,  and  SufTex ;  thefe  7  lie 
from  S  to  N  on  Delaware  River;    Cape 
May  and  Gloucefter  extend  acrofs  to  the 
fca ;  Bergen,  Effcx,  Middlefex,  and  Mon- 
ir;Oiith,  lie  from  N  to  S  on  the  eadern  fide 
of  the  State;  Somerfet  and  Morris  are 
inland  counties.     The  number  of  inhabit- 
ants is    211,149,  of  whom    1242a   are 
flaves.    The  mod  remarkable  bay  is  Ar- 
thur Kull.or  Newark  Bay,  formed  by  the 
iiuion  of  PaiTaick  and  Hackiufac  rivers. 
The  rivets  in  this  State,  though  not  large, 
are  numerous.     A  trivellcr,  in   palling 
the  common  road  from  Nev/   York  to 
Philadelphia,  crolTes  three  confiderable 
rivers,  viz.  the  Hackinfac  and  Paflaick, 
hetween  Bergen  and  Newark,  and  the 
kariton  by  Brunfwick.   PaiTaick  is  a  v  ery 
crooked  river.     It  is  navigable  about  10 
miles,  and  is  230  yards  v  ide  at  the  ferry. 
*rhe  cataratS:,  or  Great  Falls,  in  this  riv- 
er, is  one  of  the  greatcft  natural  curiofi- 
ties  in  the  State.     The  river  is  about  40 
yards  wide,  and  moves  in  a  flow,  gentle 
current,  until  coming  within  a  fhort  dif- 
tance  of  a  deep  cleft  in  a  rock,  which 
croflcs  the  channel,  it  defcends  and  falls 
9bove  70  feet  perpendicularly,  in  one 
entire  (heet.    One  end  of  the  cleft,  which 
was  evidently  made  by  feme  violent  con- 
▼ulfion  in  nature,  is  clofed  ;  at  the  oth- 
er, the  water  ruflies  out  with  incredible 
fwiftnefs,  forming  an  acute  angle  with  its 
former  diredicn,  and  is  received  into  a 
large  bafon,  whence  it  takes  a  winding 
courfe  through  the  rocks,  and  fpreads  in- 
to a  broad  fmooth  (beam.    The  cleft  is 
from  4  to  12  feet  broad.    The  falling  of 
the  water  occafions  a  cloud  of  vapour  to 
arife,  which,  by  floating  amidd  the  fun- 
beams,  prefents  rainbows  to  tbe  view, 
which  adds  beauty  to  the  tremendous 
fcene.     The  new  manufadluring  town  of 
Patterfon  is  ercdled  upon  the  Great  Falls 
in  this  river.    Rariton  River  is  formed 
by  two  confiderable  dreams,  called  the 
N  and  S  branches ;  one  of  which  has  its 
fource  in  Morris,  the  other  in  Hunterdon 
county.     It  pafles  by  Brunfwick  and 


Amboy,  and,  mingling  with  the  waters  of 
the  Arthur  Kull  Sound,  helps  to  form 
the  fine  harbour  of  Amboy.    Bridges  have 
lately  been  eredted  over  the  Paflkick, 
Hackinfac  and  Rariton  rivets,  on    the 
poll  road  between  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia.   Thefe  bridges  will  greatly  fa- 
cilitate the  intercourfe  between  thefe  two 
great  cities.    The  counties  of  SuiTex,  Mor- 
ris, and  the  northern  part  of  Bergen,  are 
mountainous.     As  much  as  five-eighths 
of  mod  of  the  fouthern  counties,  or  ^  of 
the  whole  State,  is  almod  entirely  a  fandy 
barren,  unfit  in  many  parts  for  cultiva- 
tion.   All  the  varieties  of  foil,  from  the 
word  to  the  bed  kind,  may  be  found 
here.    The  good  land  in  the  fouthern 
counties  lies  principally  on  the  banks  of 
rivers  and  creeks.    The  barrens  produce 
little  elfe  but  fhrub  oaks  and  yellow  pines. 
Thefe  fandy  lands  yield  an  immenfe  quan- 
tity qf  bog  iron  ore,  which  is  worked  up 
to  great  advantage  in  the  iron  wor'u  in 
thefe  counties.     In  the  hilly  and  moun- 
tainous parts  which  are  not  too  rocky 
for  cultivation,  the  foil  is  of  a  (hunger 
kind,  and  covered  in  its  natural  date  with 
dately  oaks,  hickories,  chefnuts,  &c.  and^ 
when   cultivated,  produces  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  buck  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
flax,  and  fruits  of  all  kinds  common  to 
the   climate.      The  land  in    this   hilly 
country  is  good  for  grazing,  and  farmers 
feed  great  numbers  of  cattle  for  N.  York 
and  Philadelphia  markets.    The  orchards 
in  many  parts  of  the  State  equal  any 
in  the  United  States,  and  their  cider  is 
faid,  and  not  without  reafon,  to  be  the 
bed  in  the  world.    The  markets  of  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  receive  a   very 
conGdcrable  proportion  of  their  fupplies 
from  the  contiguous  parts  of  New  Jerfey. 
Thefe  fupplies  confid  of  vegetables  of 
many  kinds,  apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums, 
drawberries,  cherries  and  other  fruits ; 
cider  in  large  quantities,  butter,  cheefe, 
beef,  pork,  mutton,  and  the  lefTer  meats. 
The  trade  is  carried  on  almod  folely  with 
and  from  thofe  two  great  commercial  cit- 
ies, N.  York  on  one  fide,  and  Philadel- 
phia on  the  other ;  though  it  wants  uot 
i'ood  ports  of  its  own.     Manufa«ftiires 
lave   hitherto  been  inconfiderable,  not 
fufficient  to  fupply    its  own    confump- 
tion,  if  we  except  the  articles  of  iron, 
nails,  and  leather.    A  fpirit  of  indudry 
and  improvement,  particularly  in  nianu- 
fadhires,  has  however,  of  late,  greatly  in- 
creafed.    The  iron  manufaAure  is,  of  all 
others,  the  greatcft  fource  of  wealth  to 

the 


the  State. 
Gloucefter, 
and  other  < 
the  CO.  of  A 
of  dreams,  1 
thefe  works, 
a  copious  fu 
fuperior  qu; 
are  no  lefs  t 
v^hich  migh 
fupply  the  I 
into  iron,  th 
and  flitting 
containing  f 
trorks  prodi 
of  bar  iron, 
quantities  ol 
nail  rods, 
pofed  there 
tons  of  bar  i 
of  nail-rods 
and  various 
quantities  a 
are  a  colletft 
Englifh,  Sco 
ers,  and  thei 
tachment,  ai 
generally  in 
people  to  fc 
in  this  way 
nCfs,  cudom 
fervid,  efpe 
of  people, 
with  any  bt 
The  people 
dudrious,  fi 
are  in  this 
congregatibi 
Pred>yteries 
gregations  ( 
of  Epifcopal 
belides  Met 
Moravians, 
nations  live 
ny ;  and  ar< 
of  the  State, 
agreeably  ti 
confcicnces. 
called  NaOj 
care  of  a  fuc 
for  piety  anc 
a  number  ol 
ficians,  of  t 
hH3  confider 
regulations, 
100  dudenti 
ern  States. 
hold,  Trent 
Eiizabeth-T 
ark;  andgr 


NEW 


NEW 


(the  State.  Iron  works  are  er(!Aed  in 
Gtouccfler,  Burlington^  SuiTcx,  Morris, 
and  other  counties.  The  mountains  in 
the  CO.  of  Morris  give  rife ,  to  a  number 
of  dreams,  neceflary  and  convenient  for 
thefe  works,  and  at  the  farii^  time  fnrniih 
a  copious  fupply  of  wood  and  ore  of  a 
fuperior  quality.  In  this  county  alone 
arc  no  lefs  than  7  rich  iron  mirtes,  from 
v^hich  might  be  taken  ore  fufficicnt  to 
fupply  the  United  States ;  and  to  work  it 
into  iron,  there  are  two  furnaces,  i  rolling 
and  flitting  mills,  and  about  30  forges, 
containing  from  » to  4  fires  each.  Thefe 
yfoAt  produce  annually  about  540  tons 
of  bar  iron,  800  tons  of  pigs,  befides  large 
quantities  of  hollow  ware,  flieet  iron,  and 
nail  rods.  In  the  whole  State  it  is  fup- 
pofed  there  is  yearly  made  about  1200 
tons  of  bar  iron,  1 100  do.  of  pigs,  80  do. 
of  nail-rods,  exclufive  of  hollow  ware, 
and  various  other  cafUngs,  of  which  Tad 
quantities  are  made.  The  inhabitants 
are  a  colletflion  of  Low  Dutch,  Germans, 
Englifh,  Scotch,  Irifli,  and  New  England- 
ers,  and  their  defcendants.  National  at- 
tachment, and  mutual  convenience,  have 
generally  induced  thefe  feveral  kinds  of 
people  to  fettle  together  in  a  body,  and 
in  this  way  their  peculiar  national  nian« 
ntt»,  cuftoms  and  character  are  ftill  pre- 
ferv^d,  efpecially  antong  the  poorer  clafs 
of  people,  who  have  little  intercourfe 
with  any  but  thofe  of  their  own  nation. 
The  people  of  N.  Jerfey  arc  generally  in- 
duftrious,  frugal  and  hofpitable.  There 
are  in  this  State  about  50  Prefbyterian 
congregations,  fubjedt  to  the  care  of  3 
Prefbyteries  ;  befldes  upwards  of  40  con- 
gregations of  Friends,  30  of  Baptifts,  25 
of  Epifcopaltans,  ii  of  Dutch  Reformed, 
befldes  Methodills,  and  a  fettlement  of 
Moravians.  All  thefe  religious  denomi- 
nations live  together  in  peace  and  harmo- 
ny ;  and  arc  allowed,  by  the  ronditution 
of  the  State,  to  worfliip  Almighty  God 
agreeably  to  the  dicElates  of  their  own 
cOnfclcnccs.  The  college  at  Princeton, 
called  Na0au  Hall,  has  been  under  the 
care  of  a  fucceflion  of  Prcfidents,  eminent 
for  piety  and  learning ;  and  has  furniflied 
a  number  of  Civilians,  Diviufg,and  Phy- 
ilcians,  of  the  firfl  rank  in  America.  It 
hH3  confiderabic  funds,  is  under  excellent 
regulations,  and  has  generally  from  80  to 
100  (Indents,  principally  from  the  fcuth- 
ern  States.  There  are  acadtmies  at  Free- 
hold, Trenton,  Hackinfak,  Orangcdalc, 
Elizabeth-Town,  Burlington,  and  New- 
ark; and  grammar  tchouls  at  Springfield, 


Mnrridown,  Bordcntown,  and  Amboy. 
There  are  a  number  of  towns  in  this 
State  neatly  of  equal  fize  and  importance, 
and  none  that  has  more  than  300  houfet 
compadlly  built.  Trenton  in  one  of  the 
largeft,  and  the  capital  of  the  State.  The 
other  principal  towns  .irc  Brunfwick, 
Burlington,  Amboy,  Bordcntown,  Prince- 
town,  Elizabeth  Town,  Newark,  and 
Moniftown.  This  State  was  the  feat  of 
war  for  feveral  years,  during  the  bloody 
conteft  between  Great  Britain  and  Amer- 
ica. Her  lofles  both  of  men  and  proper- 
ty, in  proportion  to  the  population  and 
wealth  of  the  State,  was  greater  than  of 
any  other  of  the  Thirteen  States.  When 
Gen.  Wafliington  was  retreating  through 
the  Jerfles,  almoft  forfaken  by  all  others, 
her  militia  were  at  all  times  obedient  to 
his  orders,  and,  for  a  confiderabic  length 
of  time,  compofcd  the  (Irength  of  his 
army.  There  is  hardly  a  town  in  the 
State  that  lay  in  the  progrefs  of  the  Brit- 
ifli  army,  that  was  not  rendered  fignal, 
by  fome  enterprife  or  exploit.  The  ex- 
ports from  this  State  in  1801,  amounted 
to  26,227  dollars. 

JV<rw  yer/ey  Company's  Grant  cf  Lands 
lies  on  the  £  fide  of  Miflifippi  River ;  S 
of  Illinois,  and  N  W  of  the  Army  lands, 
which  form  the  tradl  fliaped  by  the  con- 
fluence of  Ohio  with  Millifippi. 

Nno  Xint,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded 
on  the  S  fide  of  Pamunky  and  York  riv- 
ers. It  is  about  ,^3  miles  long,  and  1% 
broad,  and  contains  2,74 1  free  Inhabitants, 
and  3,622  flaves.  New  Kent  court  houfc 
is  30  miles  from  Richmond,  and  as  far 
from  Williamlburg.  At  the  court  houfe 
is  a  pod  office. 

Ni-w  Lebanon,  a  village  in  the  townfliip 
of  Canaan,  Colombia  co.  N.  York,  cele- 
brated for  its  medicinal  iptinga.  The 
compa«Sl  part  of  tliis  town  is  pleafantly 
fituated  partly  in  an  extenfive  valley,  and 
partly  on  the  declivity  of  the  furrounding 
hills.  The  fpriug  is  on  the  S  fide,  and 
near  the  bottom  of  a  gentle  hill,  but  a 
few  rods  Wof  the  Mafl'achufctts' W  line, 
and  Is  furroundcd  with  fevtral  good  houf- 
es,  which  aiFord  convtnicnt  accommoda- 
tions for  the  valetudinarians  who  vlfit 
ihcf'e  waters.  Concerning  the  medicinal 
virtues  of  this  fpring,  Dr.  Waterhoufe, 
FrofcfTor  of  the  theory  and  pradlicc  of 
phyfic,  at  H.irvard  Univerfity,  and  who 
vifited  it  the  fummer  of  1794,  obferves, 
"  I  confefs  myfelf  at  a  lofs  to  determine 
the  contents  of  theft  wattrs  by  chymital 
annlyfn,  or  any  of  the  ordinary  teft».     I 

fufpca 


i.i^'. 


i  ..■■. 


'•    I.-,  if; 


NEW 

filfpeA  their  impregnation  is  from  Tome 
caufe  weakened.     Excepting,  from  their 
warmth,  which  is  about  that  of  new  milk, 
I  never  fliouid  have  fufp^fifted  them  to 
come  under  the  head  of  medicinal  waters. 
They  are  lUed  for  the  various  purpofes 
of  cookery,  and  for  common  drink  by 
the  neighbours,  and  I  never  could  difcov- 
er  any  other  cffecfts  from  drinking  them, 
than  what  we  mijjht  eipe(ft  from  rain  or 
river  water  of  that  temperature.    There 
was  no  vifibic  change  produced  in  this 
water  by  the  addition  of  an  alkali,  nor 
by  a  foliition  of  allum ;  nor  was  any  cf- 
fcrvcfcencc  raifcd  by  the  oil  of  vitriol; 
neither  did  it  change  the  colours  of  gold, 
filver,  or  copper ;  nor  did  it  redden  beef 
or  mutton  boiled  in  it ;  nor  did  it  cxtra(5b 
a  black  tindlore  from  galls ;  neither  did 
it  curdle  milk,  the  whites  of  eggs  or  fonp. 
The  quality  of  the  waters  of  the  pool  at 
Lebanon  is,  therefore,  very  different  from 
thofe  of  Saratoga.    Thefe  are  warm  and 
warmifli,  thofe  very  cold>  fmart,  and  ex- 
bilerating.    Frogs  are  found  in  the  pool 
of  Lebanon,  and  plants  grow  and  flour- 
ifh  in  and  acound  it ;  but  plants  will  not 
grow  within  the  vapour  of  thofe  of  Sara- 
toga, and  as  for  fmall  animals,  they  foon 
expire  in  it.    Hence  we  conclude  that  i 
thTit  fpiritus  mineralis,  which  fome  call  ae- 
rial acid,  or  fixed  air,  abounds  in  the  one, 
but  not  in  theother.  Yet  the  Lebanon  pool 
is  famous  for  having  wrought  many  cures, 
cfpecially   in   rheumatilms,    fliff  joints, 
fcabby  eruptions,  and  even  in   vifceral 
ob(lru(5tions  and  indigeftiotis ;  all  of  which 
is  very  probable.     If  a  perfon  who  has 
brought  on  a  train  of  chronic  complaints, 
by  intemperance  in  eating  and  drinking, 
Ihould  fwallow  4  or  5  tyiaits  of  rain  or 
river  water  in  a  day,  he  would  not  feel 
fo  keen  an  appetite  for  .-animal  food,  or 
third  for  fpitituous  lupior-j.     Hence  fuch 
a  courfe  of  water  drinking  will  open  ob- 
ftructions,  rinfe   out   inipiiritica,  render 
perfpiration  free,  and  tims  rcn\()ve  that 
unnatural  lead  from  the  animal  machine, 
which  caufcs  and  keeps  up  its  diforders. 
Poflibly,  however,  there  niAy  ht  fomtiLing 
fo  fubtle  in  thefe  waters  as  10  tlude  thc 
fcrutinizing  Iisiid  of  the   chvmlfts,  fincc 
they  all  allow  that  the  analyTis  of  mineral 
waters  is  one  amnnn  ihp  mnfl-  dillicult 
things   in   the  chyniiciil  art."     A  fociety 
of  Sbahts  inhabit  tlic  S  part  ot  the  town 
in  two  fettlcnitnts,  one  of  wiiich,  is  in 
view  of  the  main  ftagi-road,  which  pafles 
through  t\\\i  town.     Tlitir  iiianufat^urcs 
of  various  kinds   arc  cmiiderable,  and 


NEW 

very  neit  and  excellent.  Tt  is  30  Trfife^ 
E  by  S  of  Albany,  103  N  of  New  York, 
and  6  W  of  Pittsfield. 

Neio  Lebanon^  a  pod  totvn,  Camden  co. 
N.  Carolina,  479^ miles  from  Wafliington. 

NcwlifitA  towndiip  inCheflcr  co.  Penn* 
fylvania,  on  the  Brandywine. 

iVlfw  London,  a  maritime  county  of  Con> 
nedlicut,  comprehending  the  S  E  corner 
of  it,  bordering  E  on  Rliode  Ifland,  and 
S  on  Long  Iflaud  Sound,  about  30  mile? 
from  E  to  W,  and  24  from  N  to  S.  It 
was  fettled  foon  after  the  firft  fettlement» 
were  forined  on  ConneAicut  River  ;  and 
is  divided  into  11  townfhips,  of  which 
New  London  and  Notwich  are  the  chief; 
It  contained  in  1756,  22,844.  inhabitants, 
of  whom  829  were  flaves ;  in  i8ooy 
34,888,  of  whom  209  were  llaVc. 

New^-LonttonySi  city,  port  of  entry,  and' 
pofl:  town  in  the  above  county,  and  one 
of  the  mod  confiderable  commercial  towns 
in  the  State.     It  ftands  on  the  W  fide  ot 
the  river  Thames,  about  3  miles  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Sound,  and  is  defended 
by  Fort  Trumbull  and  Fort  Grifwold, 
the  one  on  the  New-London,  the  other  on 
the  Groton  fide  of  the  Thames.    A  con- 
fiderable  part  of  the  town  was   burnt 
by  Benedidb  Arnold  in  1781.     It  has  fines 
b:cn  rebuilt.     Here  are  two  places  of 
public  worfliip,  one  for  Epifcopalians,  and 
one   for   Congregationalifts,   about   300 
dwelling-houfes,  and  4,600   inhabitants. 
The  harbour  is  large,  fafe  atid  commodi- 
ous, and  has  5  fathoms  water  ;  high  wa- 
ter at  full  and  change,  54  minutes  after  8. 
On  the  W  fide  of  the  entrance  is  a  light- 
houfe,  on  a  point  of  land  which  projc<Sk$ 
confidcrably  into   the  Sound.     The  ex* 
ports  for  a  year  ending  September  30th, 
1794,  amounted  to  557453  dollars.     In 
that  year   t.oco  mules  were  fliippcd  for 
the  Weft-Indies.     It  is  14  miles  fouth  of 
Norwich,  54   S  E  by  S  of  Hartford,  54  E 
of  New-Haven,  and  237   N  E  by  E   of 
Philadelphia.     NIat.  41    25,  W  long.   74 
15.     The     '>vvnniip  of  New-London  was 
laid  nut   :     'ots  in  1648,  but  had  a  few 
Englilliiul     litants  two  years  before.     It 
was  cjllcd  by  the  Indian.s  Kumea^^  ot  Tow 
aiv.i^,  and  from  being  the  feat  of  the  Pe- 
tpiot  tribe,  was  calltd  Pequat.     It  was  the 
Icat  of  SalUcus,   the   grand  monarch    of 
Long  llland,  and  part  of  Connecticut  and 
Narrag.mfct. 

Neu-/.'in./<'n,  a  fmall  townlTiip  in  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  Ntw-Han-.plliire,  incorporat- 
ed in  1779,  ^'"'  contain'.  617  inhabitants. 
It  lies  at  the  head  of  Iilack-.r.;tcr  River,. 

and 


>a:d  about  3 
Sunapee  Lai 

'N<!v>  Lona 
«o.  Virgihii 
ground,  and 
A  court-hou 
here  in  the 
for  repairin; 
lAagacfne  of 
dnj.  It  is  ^ 
mond;  t^i'^ 
W  by  Mir  of 

iVifw  JVfai 
Louifuna,  it 
of  the  Mifltl 
ago,  ^d  c^ 
New  Jerfey, 
Spanifli  kitt] 
City  was  pro 
itk  lat.  36  an< 
the  mouth  < 
the  hew  cit] 
4  miles  S,  an 
to  crafs  a  b< 
the  purcft  f| 
and  fcvcral  i 
ifelf,  by  a 
ftream,  thro 
The  banks  < 
ate  high,  t: 
water  deet>i 
ftored  with  i 
free  from  w< 
bles.  On  ea 
flreets  ^ete 
alid  a  road  1 
the  fame  bi 
dirc^fled  to 
health  aAd  { 
ftreet  lao  fe 
Miififippi,  V 
were  diret^i 
fame  purpof 
^art  of  tht  I 
like  manner, 
and  improve 
city  for  pul 
lots  fdr  oth 
bf  I  a  acres  f 
hear  that  th 
conclude  it  I 
the  vicinity 
rcfented  as  e 
beyond  defci 
cbnfids  of  m 
nut,  hickory 
one  or  more 
mod  evei^  I 
from  expcrii 
tj,  and  wit 

T«b.fa 


kE# 


N  E  W 


^n^  about  3  miles  from  the  N  E  <l<ie  of 
Sunapec  Lakr. 

New  Ltitdon,  k  port  towi^  of  Caoipbeli 
ca  Virginia.  It  ftapds  upon  riling 
'ground,  and  contains  about  ltd  houfes, 
A  court-houfe  and  gaol.  There  were 
here  in  the  late  war  feveral  work-  fliops 
fur  repairiilg  fire-arms,  and  here  is  now  a 
lAagasIne  of  arms^  tnd  a  flourifliing,acad- 
etoiy.  It  is  ,133  miles  W  by  i»  of  Rich- 
mond; if2  Wof  Pcte^lburg,  and  393  S 
W  by  A^r  of  Philadelphia. 

Netv  Mat/rid,  in  tne  nbirthVrii  part  of 
Louifiaaa,  i»  a  fettlcment  on  the  W  bank 
of  the  Mifniippi,  comYheuced  fome  years 
ago,  iind  cdndudled  by  Col.  Morgan  of 
New  Jerfey,  Under  the  patronage  of  the 
Spanifli  kittg.  The  fp^ot  on  which  the 
city  was  propofed  to  be  built  is  fituated 
ifi  lat.  36  and  30  N',  and  45  mires  below 
the  mouth  of  Ohio  riVer.  The  limiti  of 
the  hew  city  of  Madrid  were  to  extend 
4  miles  S,  and  a  VtT  from  the  river;  JTo  as 
to  crsfs  a  beautiful,  living,  deep  lake,  of 
the  purcft  fprihg  water,  100  yards  wide-, 
and  feveral  miles  in  length,  emptying  !t> 
ielf,  by  a  conftant  and  riti^id  ttarr6# 
(tream,  through  the  centre  of  the  city. 
The  banks  of  tltis  lake,  called  St.  Annii, 
aire  high,  beautiful  and  pleafant;  the 
water  deet>,  clear  and  fwcct,  and  well 
n°ored  with  fifli ;  the  bottom  a  cfeal:  fand, 
free  fVom  woods,  flimbs,  or  other  vegcta> 
bles.  On  tzch  fide  of  this  delightful  Take, 
ftreets  ^ere  tb  be  laid  out,  too  feet  wide, 
alid  a  road  to  ht  continued  round  it,  of 
the  fame  brelMth  ;  and  the  ftreets  were 
diredled  to  be  p'referved  forever,  for  the 
health  attd  pleafure  of  the  citiEens.  A 
theet  1 30  feet  wrde,  oii  the  bank  of  the 
Miflifippi,  was  laid  out;  and  the  trees 
were  directed  to  be  prefcrTcd  for  the 
fime  purpofe.  Twelve  acres,  in  a  central 
part  of  the  city^  were  to  be  prelbrved  in 
like  manner,  to  be  ornamented,  regulated, 
and  improved  by  the  magiftracy  of  thie 
city  for  public  walks ;  and  40  half-acre 
lots  fdr  other  public  ufes ;  and  one  lot 
"of  1  a  acres  for  the  king's  ufc;  We  do  not 
h)ear  that  this  fchcme  is  profecuting,  and 
conclude  it  is  given  up./  The  country  in 
the  vicinity  of  this  intended  city  is  rep- 
refented  as  excellenti  and,  in  many  parts, 
beyond  defcription.  The  natural  growth 
confiils  of  mulberry,  locuft,  faflafras,  wal- 
nut, hickory,  oak,  afli^  dogwood j  &c.  with 
one  or  more  grape-vines  running  up  al- 
mofl  evei^  tree ;  and  the  grapes  yield, 
from  experiments,  good  red  wine  in  plen- 
ty, and  with  littli  lab«ur.    In  fome  of 


the  low  grounds  grow  large  cyprcfs  trcts. 
The  climate  is  faid  to  he  favolirabit  tu 
health,  and  to  the  Oilturc  of  fruits  of  va- 
rious kinds,  particularly  for  garden  vege- 
tables. The  pralres  or  meadows  are  fer- 
tile in  grafs,  flowetinj  plants,  ftrawbcr- 
ries,  and  ^vhcrt  cultivatid  produce  good 
crops  of  whear,  barley,  Indian  corn,  flaXi 
hemp,  and  tobacco,  and  are  eadly  tilled. 
Iron  and  lead  mines  and  fait  fprings,  it  it 
averted,  are  found  in  fuch  plenty  as  to 
afTurd  an  abundant  fnpply  of  thcfe  ne- 
ccflary  articles.  The  banks  of  the  MiiB- 
lippi,  for  many  leagues  in  (Stent,  com- 
mencing about  ao  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio,  are  a  continued  cliaiu  of 
Hmc-ftone.  A  fine  trafl  »)f  high,  rich, 
level  land,  S  W,  W,  and  N  W  of  New 
Madrid,  about  25  miles  widCj  extends 
quite  to  the  river  St.  Francis. 

Nawmanjlown,  Pennlylvania,  in  Dau- 
phin CO.  on  the  £  fide  of  Mill  Creek.  It 
contains  about  40  houfes,  and  is  14  miles 
£  by  i^  of  Hatrilburg,  and  7  a  N  W  by  VT 
of  Philadelphia. 

Ne^maVht,  a  poll  town  in  Rockinghai* 
CO.  N.  Hampflura,  N  of  Exeter,  of  which 
it  was  fortherly  a  part,  and  13  miles  W 
of  Portfrnouth.  It  was  incorporated  iii 
t7a7i  and  contains  1037  inhabitant*. 
FofliI  (hcllk  have  been  found  near  La&i- 
prey  river  in  this  town,  at  the  depth  of 
17  feel ;  attd  in  fuch  i  iituatioa  as  that 
the  bed  of  the  river  cotald  never  have 
been  there.  The  fliells  were  of  'oyfters, 
mufcles,  and  clams  intermvTcd. 

Nrwmarketj  a  village  in  Ered*rick  co. 
Maryland,  onthehigh  road  to  Frederickf- 
town,  from  which  it  lies  nearly  13  miles 
W  S  W  and  about  36  N  W  of  the  Federal 
City.    Here  is  a  poll  office. 

Niwmariet,  a  village  in  Dorchefter  co. 
Maryland;  3  miles  N  £  of  Indian  Town^ 
on  Choptank  river,  9  N  £  cf  Cambridge^ 
and  as  far  N  W  of  Vienna. 

Nezvmartet,  in  Shenandoa*'  eo.  Virgin- 
ia, containiiijj  100  houfes,  ao  miles  S  VT 
of  Woodcock.  The  inhabitants  of  tliia 
town  and  Woodflock  are  Germans. 
'  Newmaritt,  a  pofttown  in  Virginia. Am- 
herft  CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  James  river,  at 
the  mouth  of  Tye  river.  It  is  a  fnialt 
place,  contains  a  tobacco  warchoufe,  and 
is  100  miles  aboVc  Richmond,  and  378 
from  Philadelphia. 

N-ivmjfict,  a  port  town,  Rofs  co.  Ohio, 
465  miles  from  WaHiington. 

Nttv  Marlborough^  a  townfliip  ia  Ulfter 
CO.  N.  York.     Sec  Matlbgrougb. 

NevMatliertugl/^  Berldhire  co.  MafTa- 

cliufctts, 


IJ 


NEW 


NEW 


chufettB,  43  mi!e>  foothwatd  of  Lenox. 

^eTv-Mai-llinrtmb,  a  tewo  in  King 
George's  co.  Virginia,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Patowmac  river,  10  mils*  E  nf  Falmouth. 

NetvMeaJoivs  Xiver,  Maine,  a  water 
of  Cafco  Bay,  navigable  for  veflels  of  a 
confiderablc  burden  a  fmall  diiUnce. 

Ncai'Mexico.     See  H^exito. 

Ne-vp-Milford,  a  pott  town  of  Connec- 
ticut, Litchfield  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Hou- 
faionick  river,  about  iS  mile»  N  of  Dan- 
bury,  20  S  W  of  Litchfield,  and  52-  W 
by  S  W  of  H  irtford.  The  town  contains 
about  50oh<Mifcs,a  church  for  Epifcopa- 
lians,  I  for  Coiij^regationa'ifts,  i  for  Prcf- 
byteri.ins,  t  t'orBsiptifts.and  1  for  Qnakers. 
Alfd  7  forges,  which  manufadture  aiiim- 
alfy  3OOt()n*ofir00,btride8  hollow  ware. 

Neiu-Milfatd,  a  poft  town  at  the  hiad 
of  the  tide  on  Slveepfcut  river.  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  lO  mile*  N  W  of  Wifcvfler. 

Neio-MiUf,  Burlington  co.  N.  Jcrfey. 
Here  ts  a*  pnft  o^.ce. 

N-tunhiiin,  Cape.     See  NiweHham- 

HeivNurtb-lValei,      See    iP'aits,   and 

New-  Britain. 

N'^tv-Orleaiif,  the  capital  of  Louifiani, 
is  fitiiited  diretftly  on  the  E  Hank  of  the 
Miffifippi,  ib.s  miles,  according  to  Hutch- 
iiis,  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  (later 
accotmts  fay  95,)  and  18  miles  from 
the  lower  point  of  a  bend  in  the  courfe 
of  th<i  river  called." Le  Detour  des  An- 
glois,"  or  Englifli  Turn,  where  the  bend 
is  fo  great  that  veflels  cannot  pafa  with 
the  fahie  wind  that  coniiutSled  tb«m  to  it. 
Lat.  30  a  N,  Ions;.  89  53  W.  "Nothing 
•with  certainty  can  be  determined  refpedb- 
ing  the  time  a  vclTel  may  take  in  failing 
from  the  Balize  to  New  Orleans,  a  dif- 
tanec  of  105  mile*  With  favourable 
■winds  the  voyage  has  been  performed  ifl 
3  or  4,  but  it  generally  takes  7  or  8  days, 
and  lometinics  a  or  3  weeks.  There  is 
always  fl»oal  water  near  the  low  points 
of  land  covered  with  willows.  In  ap- 
proachinj;  them  a  few  caih  of  the  lead 
will  be  nccefiary,  and  in  feveral  places 
there  are  trees  fixed  with  one  end  in  the 
bottom,  and  the  other  a  little  beloiv  the 
furf»Cf:  of  the  river,  and  in  the  f^nie  di- 
reition  with  the  current,  which  by  con- 
rinual  fri'ilion  of  the  water  are  rtduccd 
to  a  point,  and  as  there  are  inllances  of 
velfels  failing  with  force  againft  them, 
beino  run  through  their  bottoms,  and 
finking  immediately,  too  much  care  can- 
Apt  be  taken  to  avoid  them.  Attention 
fltould  alfo  be  paid  to  keep  clear  of  the 
tce»  Ooatiug  down  the  river  during  the 


ioods.*  The  water  is  etcry  where  deep 
enough  (except  at  the  willow  points)  to 
admit  vcfll-ls  dofe  to  cither  fliore,  whertf 
inftead  of  letting  go  an  anchor,  which 
would  probably  be  loft  among  the  logt 
funk  in  the  bottom  of  the  river,  vefTelt 
may  fafely  make  fad  to  trees  on  the 
bank,  which  are  generally  tail,  and  in 
fuch  abundance  in  fonie  parts,  that  they 
prevent  the  winds  frombeing  of  that  fcr- 
vicc  to  veflels  in  afcending  the  Miilifippr, 
that  might  be  expccled.  It  will  therefore 
be  neceflFary  for  the  fake  of  expedition, 
to  rigg  as  many  topfails  as  puflibic,  which 
commonly  reach  above  the  trees,  and  are 
of  more  ufe  than  all  the  other  fails  togeth- 
er. However,  care  muft  be  taken  to  (land 
by  the  halyards,  to  prevent  the  wind, 
which  frei^Hcntly  comes  in  very  ftroug 
puffs,  from  carrying  away  the  topmafts, 
fails,  &c."  Hutebint. 

The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  the 
ftrccts  running  at  right  angles,  very  nar- 
row, and  but  few  of  them  paved>  There 
were,  in  1788,  t,ioo  houfes  in  this  towny 
generally  boilt  with  timber  frames,  railed 
^bout  8  feet  from  the  ground,  with  large 
galleries  round  them,  and  the  cellars  un- 
der the  floors  level  with  the  ground  } 
any  fubterraneous  buildisgs  Avould  be 
conftantly  full  of  water.  Moft  of  the 
houfes  have  gardens.  Id  March,  1788, 
this  town,  by  a  fire,  was  reduced  in  5 
hours  to  aoo  houfes.  It  has  fince  been 
rebuilt.  The  houfes  built  fince  the 
lad  fire  are  principally  of  llrick,  with  Ha- 
ted roofs.  In  confequence  of  the  foftnef* 
oE  the  bricks,  the  houfes  built  of  them 
are  plaiftered  on  tlie  outfide  with  a  thick 
coat  of  mortar,  and  then  painted  or  white- 
waHicd.  Thefe  houfes  arc  generally  of  % 
ftories,  (a  only  very  handfome  are  of  3 
(lories)  and  without  common  cellais. 
All  the  old  houfes  of  wood,  are  of  i'  (lo- 
ry, raifed  from  the  ground  to  make  arti- 
— ^—  ficial 

*  "It  it  tmpojlble  to  ancbor  nvithout  being 
expofed  /•  danger  from  the  grtat  trees,  "wbicb 
frequently  came  daxvH  tvitb  the  cut  rent  j  but 
more  efpecially  at  tbe  time  of  tbe foods, tvbieb, 
if  any  of  tbem  fhould  came  gtbioart  baw/e, 
"wouU  mofl  probably  drive  in  tbe  bov)s  oftbt 
vejfel ;  and  there  is  a  certainty  of  Ufing  tbe 
ancbars,  as  tbe  bottom  of  tbe  river  is  very/oft 
mud,  cifoered  tvitb  funken  li'gs.  This  fointr 
out  tbe  impnfflbility  for  vrj^els  to  navigate  up- 
on tbe  MiJJifippi,  unUfs  tbey  are  permitted  t» 
make  fafi  to  thejbore ;  and  no  veffel  can  be  fail 
to  enjoy  tbe  free  navigation  of  tbe  river,  ifde- 
prived  of  this  net^'ary  frMlege"    Hntchins* 


NEW 

iicial  cellars.    A  few  of  tl.    houfes  h|iTe 
piazLas.    The   public   buildings    are    a 
handfome   Catholic   church,  a  Govern- 
ment houlie  for   the  accoramodation   of 
the  governor  and  his  fuite,  a  calabuzo  or 
prifon,  which  alfo  fervesag  acourthoufc, 
m  convent,  barracks  for  the  foldicrs.  kinjf's 
hofpital,  and  one  built  for  the  reception 
of  lunatics,  and  a  very  fmall,  inconvenient 
market  houfs.     Real  eftate  is  extremely 
valuable,  and  rents  are  iom'cthing  higher 
than  in  any  part  of  the  United  Stn(es. 
The  fide  next  the  river  is  open,  and  is  I'e- 
cured  from  the  inundations  of  the  river, 
by  a  raifed  bank,  generally  called  the  le- 
vee, which  extends  from  the  Englifli  Turn, 
to  the  upper  fcttlements  of  the  Germans, 
a  didance  of  more  than  jo  miles.    N  £ 
of  the  town  are  large  marflies,  occafiuntd 
principally  by  a  gradual  del'c-ent,  which 
IS  found  from  the  bank  of  the  river  to 
the  back  part  of  the  town.    This  circum- 
ftance  tends  to  render  the  town  unwhole* 
feme  in  fummer  and  autumn,  cfpecially 
to  ftrangers,  but  the  inhabitants  are  nev- 
er afflidted  by  the  epidemic  difeafes  which 
prevail  among  foreigners,  and  live  to  as 
great  ages  as  the  inhabitants  of  the  north- 
ern  parts  of  the  United  States.    Intempe- 
rance is  the  forerunner  and  principal 
caufe  of  the  deaths  of  many  of  the  weft- 
era  people,  who  carry  down  the  produce, 
and  indeed  a  fingle  debauch  is  often  found 
to  throw  the  mod  robuft  conftitutinn  into 
a  fever  which  frequentiv  ends  fatally; 
more  efpecially  with  perAins  of  plethoric 
habits.    There  is  a  conununication  from 
lake  Ponchartrain  to  the  town,  by  means 
of  the  bayouk  or  creek,  St.  John,  which 
runs  from  the  lake  a  courfe  of  6  miles, 
till  it  goes  within  %  miles  of  the  town. 
A  bar  at  the  entrance  of  this  creek  pre- 
vents veflels  of  more  than  3  to  4  feet 
draught  of  water  from  ent<'ring,  but  num- 
bers of  fmall  craft  from  Mobile,    Penfa- 
cola,  and  the  adjacent  country,  bring  their 
tar,  lime,  &c.  to  market  by  means  uf  this 
communication.    Frum  the  Bayouk  to  the 
town  is  a  canal  of  about  2  miles  in  length, 
navigable-  for  fmall   boats  only,   which 
was  dug  about  the  year  179*,  by  order 
of  the  llaron  dc  Carondcict,   who  wa:< 
then  Governor,  and  called  by  his  r;amc. 
At  the  mouth  of  tiie  Bayouk,  where  it  en- 
ters into  the  lake, is  a  fmall  furt  of  6  guns. 
A  number  of  dreams  which  empty  into 
the  lake  from  the  N  £  fide,  water  a  rich 
and  fertile  part  of  W.  Florida,  as  yet  hut 
thinly  inhabited,  capable  of  producing 
cuttoo,  corn,  indijgo,  &c.    la  this  part  the 


NEW 

I  land  is  Iiighcr  than  on  the  bnnlcs  of  the 

I  Miilillppi,  and  does  not  require  the  aiHA' 

ance  of  dykes,     in  the  year  i8c2,  the 

principal  iiggrcgate  exports  of  Amtrican 

bpanilh  produce  have  been  efliniaccd  at, 

30,000  bales  cotton,  value  D.apoo.ooo 

8,000  hhds.  fugar,      do.  480,000 

90,000  bbls.  ilbur,      do.  402,000 

Total,  D.i,88c,ooo 

There  were  alfo  exported  this  year   of 
former   crops,  about  300,ooolb.  indigo, 
value  D,300,ooo.   Confiderablc  quantities 
of  deer  fkins,  and  fonic  furs,  ,<rc  ;:!iu  ex- 
ported ;  alfo  tobacco,  fait  beef  and  pork, 
hams,  lard,  &c.  from  the  Illinois  and  Ohio 
rivers.     Of  the  cotton  which  is  cxport^jd, 
about  cue   half  may    be   calculated   as 
American  produce,  and  the  flour  entirely 
fo,  as  well  as  the  tobacco,  fait  piuvifions, 
&c.    The  iugar  cane  is  entirely  Spaniih 
produce,  none  being  raifed  in  the  Ameri- 
can fettlemcnts,  and  it  is  laid  to  rome  to 
maturity  in  one  half  the  time  that  it  docs 
in  any  part  of  the  W.  Indies.    There  is 
a  road,  which  is  very  good  for  travelling 
on  horfebaek,  and  pailable  for  light  car- 
riages from  the  Engliflt  Turn,  as  far  as 
Natches,  by  the  banks  of  the  river.     A 
bar  at  the  principal  entrance  of  the  Mif- 
fiijppi,  renders  it  extremely  hazardous  for 
veuels  of  more  than  13  feet  draught  of 
water  to  attempt  the  pa&.    On  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  on  the  Louifiana  fide,  is  a 
blockhoufc,  formerly  garrifcned  and  call- 
ed  Fort  Balife,  now  merely  a  refidence 
for  the  pilots,  who  are  regulated  by  aa 
officer    authorifed  by   the  govcrlituent. 
The  pilots  arc  of  the  lowcft  order  of  peo- 
ple, and  ao  dollars  is  paid  for  the  pilot- 
age of  every  veflel,  large  or  fm  nil,  through 
the  pafs,  of  al)out  one  mile  and  a  h.ilf. 
The  ficc  of  the  country  h  entirely  unf  ul- 
tivated  and  niHrihy,  as, far  »i>  i'lut  ,l'l-  c;i- 
uiina,  .^0  miles  from  the  mouth  o*  tli';  r;v. 
er.     Tiiis  fort  h  garrifoncd,  and  tnounts 
a  ffw  guns      It  is  cuflomary  ior  ilic  com- 
mander of  this  fort  to  cxsmine  thr  p.ipcrs 
of  al!  vd^isls  that  pafs,  and  to  t.i!:c  c«i^ini- 
zancc  of  any  which  are  found  r  I'-.grtf- 
fing  ih':  laws  of  the  country.       .ciUoni- 
houfc  otiiccr  isaiiu  always  rciiJciU  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  for  the   piirpofc  <»f 
examining  veflels.      Atttr    palling    Fort 
Placamiua,  the  country  aflumcs  a  more 
improved  appearance, and  wnlmi  30  or  40 
miles  of  the  town,  the  hanks  of  the  river 
arc     thickly    iettied,    and    mi^ny    very 
large    and   cxptufivc    fugir   works   yre 
fecn  in  pal&ng  up   the  river.     Coltua 

is 


f, 


*1 

■  'I 


i'l 


■5. 


If  I- 


.fr   ?! 


m 


/ 


NEW 

h  cultivated  above  the  town.  Srcat 
quantities  of  live  oak  and  cyprcfs  trees 
are  to  be  fouml  in  every  part  ol  the  coun- 
try. The  vciFcls  which  fail  up  the  MiiTi- 
fippi  haul  clof'c  along  flJc  the  bank  next 
to  New  Orleans,  to  which  they  make  faft, 
and  t^ke  in  or  difoharge  their  cargoes 
with  the  fame  cafe  as  at  a  wharf.  Tlfe 
foil  on  the  h^ulw  of  the  MilTiflppi,  is 
pr(.ba!)ly  as  rich  and  produclivc  M  any 
in  the  knDwii  world.  The  cotton  plant, 
and  fug  If  cine,  p;ro\v  aIn;oA  without  la- 
bour. It  li^s  been  tlic  calculation  of  the 
cotton  planters,  for  fome  year*  p/tft,  that 
each  h.tnd  they  c«)u)d  employ.  Hiould 
produce  tliem  from  300  to  400  dollars 
annually.  Some  plantations  have  gone 
far  beyond  tiii'i.  and  one  itjft.ince  was 
known,  that  two  men,  by  their  own  la- 
bour, in,  one  year  produced  cotton  that 
6)!d  for  2  OGO  dollars.  The  importation 
ofdavei)  Iia»  been  for  fouie  years  p^fi  for- 
bidden by  the  Spanifh  government,  under- 
very  heavy  penalties )  and  although  fome 
have  been  introduced,  (till  the  prnhibitisn 
has  tended  to  enhance  the  price  of  them, 
extremely  ;  (fay  from700  to  i,%oo  dollars, 
each.)  Tha  water  of  the  river  is  the  on- 
ly water  that  is  or  can  be  ufed ;  it  is  very, 
ajireeable  and  wholefome,  although  when 
takea  from  the  river,  efpccially  in  the 
time  of  hi^h  tides,  it  has  a  ye:y  nyuddy 
and  dirty  appearance.  It  isefleemed  the 
bed  in  the  world  for  keeping  at  fea,  and 
becomes  clear-  and  limpid  after  fettling  a 
few  hours,  although  filtering  ((ones  are 
generally  ufcd  by  thofc  who  can  afford 
them.  The  river  be^ns  to  rife  about  the 
id  of  March,  and  (n  fall  about  the  ifl 
of  June.  The  perpendicular  rife  at 
Natches  is  fald  to  be  60  feet.  "Xhe  mar- 
ket is  fupplicd  with  wild  fowl  and  poul- 
try of  every  kind  ;  at  the  proper  feafon« 
fevcral  kinds  of  fine  fifli,  oyflcrs,  which 
are  pafTable,  and  beef,  veal,  pork,  and 
mutton  in  abundance,as  well  as  vegetables 
of  every  defcription.  The  cattle  arp  very 
fine  and  large,  though  not  fat,  w^ich  muft 
be  more  owing  to  the  want  of  attention 
than  any  otlicr  caufe.  The  price  of  beef 
fold  in  the  market  is  limited  by  the  po- 
lice at  one  fixteenth  of  a  dollar  per  pound, 
and  other  animal  food  in  proportion. 
Moft  of  the  tropical  fruits  grow  here  in 
great  abundance.  The  Spanifli  govern- 
ment at  New  Orleans,  till  its  late  cefTion 
to  the  U.  States,  included  Louiliana  and 
Florida.  Thp  governor  of  the  province 
refided  at  St.  AuguAinc  in  £a(l  Florida. 
The  goverament  ^t  New  Orleans  wag  of 


NEW 

the  fame  kind  as  ia  all  the  other  Spaoifl'^ 
colonies,  the  governor  being  commatrder 
in  chief  of  the  military  force,  and  ab- 
folute  judge  ia  civil  uEiir*  in  general, 
with  a  falary  in  lieu  of  all  perqui&tes,  o£ 
4,000  dollars  per  annum.  The  iotendan)^ 
had  the  independent  regulation  ^  al( 
matters  touching  the  commerce  of  the 
colony.  The  inhabitant)!  are  principally 
of  French  cxtraelion,  and  fpcak  that  Ian- 
guage.  The  officers  of  government  a^d, 
the  trpopji  were  entirely  Spanifli ;  thofe, 
with  a  cnnilderable  number  of  Engliijk 
and  AmericaWt  eoD^'tutc  the  p.opulation, 
of  Louifuna,  and  Wed  Florida.  The  in- 
habitants of  the  pott  of  New  Orleans,  are 
eAimated  to  amount  (1802)  to  10  or 
11,000.  The  number  cannot  be  exadlly 
a^crtaincd^  as  no,  cenfut  has  been  taken. 

Payne. 

There  is  realbn  to  believe  that  in  a, 
fliort  time,  New  Orleant  will  become  a, 
great  and  opulent  city,  if  we  confider  the 
advantages  of  its  iituatioa,  bi^t  a  few 
leagues  from  the  Cea,  on  a  noble  river,  ii^ 
a  mod  fertile  country,  under  a  moft  de» 
lightful  and  wholefome  climate,  within  % 
weeks  (ail  of  Mexico,  and  (till  nearer  the 
French,  Spanifli,  and  Britifh  W<ft  India 
iflands,  with  a  moral  certainty  of  its  be- 
coming a  general  receptacle  foe  the  pror>, 
ducc  of  that  extenlive  and  valuable  conn- 
try  on  the  Miffifippi,  Ohio,  and  itt  other, 
branches ;  all  which  are  much  more  than, 
fufiicient  to  cnfure  the  future  wealthj^ 
power,  and  profperity  of  this  city,  efpec- 
iaily  as  it  is  now  ia  the  poflefijion  of  th« 
United  States. 

Netu  Palix,  a  townfhip  hi  Ull^er  co, 
N.  York,  hounded  £  by  Hudfon  river|[ 
S  by  Marlborough  and  Shawangunk.  It 
contains  3,255  inhabitants,  including  308* 
Oaves.  The  compa(£k  part  of  it  is  on  the  9 
fidci  of  Wall-Kill,  and  contains  about  250 
Iioufes  and  a  Dutch  church,  xo  miles  from 
Shawangunk,  14  S  o^  KingAon,  ao  S  Vf 
of  Rhinebeck,  and  80  N  of  New  York. 

m'tviptrty  a  townfliip  of  Noy^  Scotia,  ii^ 
Hants  CO.  on  the  river  Avon.  The  roa4 
from  Halifax  runs  part  of  the  way  lie- 
tween  this  townfliip  and  Windfor ;  and 
has  fetUements  on  it  at  certain  dtflances. 

Nenvport,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co-  N. 
Hampfliire,  £  of  Ciaremoat,  incorporated 
in  1761,  and  contain^  ia66  iahaliitants. 

Neivport,9.  maritime  co.of  Rhode  Ifland, 
comprehending  Rhode  Ifland,  Canonicut, 
Block,  Prudence,  and  fevcral  other  fmaU 
iflands.  It  is  divided  into  7  townfliipsj, 
39(1  cogtkiai  X4)S4j  inhabitants. 

I  jffctviitrtj 


Jfrwptrt, 
the  femi-me 
Idand,  ftan( 
Ifland,  5  mil 
(which  is  01 
Tpreads  wed 
entrance  is  < 
may  anchor 
purity.    It 
futiire  pcrio 
war  ports  of 
towQ  lies  M 
a*  you  proct 
and  exhibit! 
harbour,  ant 
which  lie  w 
pf  the  town 
Fort  Wafliin 
paired  and 
fort  has  been 
tween  Goat 
harbour.    N 
jioufes,  built 
inhabitaiitt. 
ivotfliip,  4  i 
tioualilts,  I  f 
kers,  z  for 
The  other  p 
houfe,  and  at 
ry.    The  fiti 
pre  of  the  (^ 
appearance. 
ted,  and  a  loi 
lead  up  to  it 
pr  Water  Are 
is  at)  acadetn; 

{edlor  yd  tii 
anguages,  Ei 
&c.  A  mar 
here  in  175; 
widows  and 
fociety  as  m 
far  famed  for 
and  the  falub 
remarkable  f( 
f-ellent  quality 
ket  furnifhes 
No  Ufs  than  ( 
produced  in  I 
accomm()dati( 
numerous  p^( 
port,  anid  whi 
and  H.  York, 
are  faid,  by 
Tuiierior  to  ai 
|-ope.  This  t 
jured  by  the  1 
trade.  A  cot 
have  been  lat 
f'Jt  a  year,  cnc 


NEW 

Jfttvfitft,  the  cliief  town  of  this  ce.  and 
the  femi-metropolis  of  the  State  of  Rhode 
Ifland,  (lands  on  tlic  S  Vf  end  of  Rhode 
Ifland,  5  miles  frotn  the  fea.  Its  harbour, 
(which  is  one  of  the  tinetl  in  the  world) 
Spreads  weftward  before  the  town.  The 
entrance  is  eafy  and  fafe>  and  a  large  fleet 
may  anchor  iu  it  and  ride  in  perfcdt  fe* 
purity.  It  is  probable  this  may,  in  fomc 
future  period,  become  oflp  qf  the  man-of- 
war  ports  of  the  American  empire.  The 
towQ  lies  N  and  S  upon  a  gradual  afccnt 
as  you  proceed  eaftward  from  the  water, 
and  exhibits  a  beautiful  view  from  the 
harbour,  and  from  the  neighboMring  hills 
which  lie  wef^ward  upoq,  the  main-  W 
pf  the  town  is  Qoat  Ifland,  on  which  is 
l''ort  Wafliington.  It  has  been  lately  re- 
paired and  a  titade^  eredted  on  if.  The 
fort  has  been  ceded  to  the  U.  States.  Be- 
tween Goat  liland  and  R.  Ifland  is  the 
liarbsur.  Newpart  contains  about  1,000 
jkouf«s,  built  (hiefl;  of  wood>  and  6,739 
inhabiuati.  It  has  xo  houfes  for  public 
ivotfliip,  4  for  Bapti(^,  %  for  Congrega- 
tioualilts,  z  for  Epifcopalians,  i  for  Qh^* 
kers,  X  for  Moravians,  and  x  for  Jews. 
The  other  public  buildings  are  a  ftate- 
houfe,  ;|nd  an  edifice  for  the  public  libra- 
ry. The  fituation,  form  and  archite<5t- 
yre  of  the  l^te-houf(p,  give  it  a  pleafing 
appearance.  It  ftands  fufficiently  eleva- 
ted, and  a  long  wharf  and  paved  parade 
lead  up  to  it  from  the  harbour.  Front 
pr  Water  ftreet  is  a  mile  in  length-  Here 
is  aq  acndetny,  under  the  dire(^!on  of  a 

Jedlor  yd  tutors,  who  teach  the  ie^nied 
anguages,  Englifli  grammar,  geography, 
J:c.  ^  marine  fociety  was  cf^abliflicd 
ere  in  1 7j  2,  for  the  relief  '^^  diftrefled 
widows  and  orphans,  and  fuch  of  their 
fociety  as  may  need  relief.  This  city, 
far  famed  for  the  beauty  ot  its  fituation, 
and  the  falubrity  of  its  climate,  is  no  lefs 
remarkable  fur  the  great  variety  and  ex- 
cellent quality  of  frcfli  fifli  whicK  the  mar- 
ket furniihes  at  all  feafons  of  the  year. 
No  Ufs  than  60  diflerent  kinds  have  been 
produced  in  tliis  market.  The  excellent 
accommodations  and  regulations  of  the 
numerous  packets,  whicli  belong  to  this  i 
port,  and  which  ply  thence  to  Providcwci; 
and  U.  York,  are  worthy  of  notice.  'I'hey 
are  faid,  by  European  traveller^,  to  be 
fuperior  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  Eu- 
rope. Thi?  town,  although  greatly  in- 
jured by  the  late  war,  has  a  confidcrable 
trade.  A  cotton  and  duck  manut'adory 
have  been  lately  edablifhcd.  The  exports 
t'Jt  a  year,  ending  Hept.  jo,  1794,  amountr 


NEW 

ed  t«  s  1 1,100  dpllars.  It  was  ffrft  fettle^ 
by  Mr.  William  Coddington,  afterwards 
governor,  and  the  father  pf  Rhode  Illand, 
with  17  others,  in  1639.  It  is  30  miles  S 
by  E  of  Providence,  14  S  E  of  Briftol,  75 
S  W  by  S  ot  Bofton,  113  E  N  E  of  New 
Haven, and  292  N  £  by  £  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  41  2%  W  long,  from  Greeawicn,  74 

17- 
NtiDport,  a  tnwnfhip  in  L.  Canada,  as 

miles  £  of  Afcot,  having  about  30  in- 
habitants. 

Nnvport,  a  fmall  port  town  in  Ntwcaf- 
tle  CO.  I7elaware ;  on  the  N  fide  of  Chrif- 
tiana  Creek,  3  miles  W  of  Wilmington. 
It  contains  about  aoo  inhabitants,  and 
carries  on  a  confidcrable  trade  with  Phil- 
adelphia, in  flour.  It  is  6  niiles  N  £  by 
N  of  Chriflia^a  Bridge,  and  3^  S  Wof 
Philadelphia. 

Newport,  a  townfliip  in  Luzerne  co. 
Penofylvania,  on  the  t>  E  fide  of  the  £ 
brancn  of  ^h^  Sufqi^ehannahjbclow Wilkf- 
borough. 

Ntviport,  a  fmall  pod  town  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland,  1 1  miles  S  £  of  Port  To- 
bacco, 94  S  by  W  of  Baltimore,  and  195 
S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Ntwport.  See  7/!c  af  Wight  County,  Vir- 
ginia. 

Ntvfort,  a  very  thriving  fettlement  in 
Liberty  co.  Georgia,  fituated  on  a  navi- 
gable creek,  34  miles  S  of  Savannah,  and 
7  or  8  S  of  W  from  Sunbury.  This  place, 
commonly  known  by  the  name  of  New 
port  BriJgt,  is  the  rival  of  Sunbury,  and 
commands  the  principal  partt>f  the  trade 
of  the  whole  county.  A  pod  office  is 
kept  here. 

Nnvftrt,  Cocke  co.  Tcnneflce.  Here 
is  a  poll  office,  529  miles  from  Wafhin^ 
ton. 

Nitv  River-     See  Kanbanawa. 

Neiv  River,  in  U.  Canada,  afterwards 
c.illed  the  La  Tranche,  now  the  Thames, 
by  proclamation  of  July,  1792.     fmytb. 

Ntiv  Roihellr,  a  poft  town  in  W.  Chef- 
ter  CO.  N.  York,  on  L<mg  Uland  Sound. 
It  contained  693  inhabitaiitji,  or  wliom  89, 
were  flaves,  in  1790.  In  i796,theTe  were 
100  of  the  iii'iatiitancs  qualified  eiedi^nrs. 
It  is  6  miles  S  W  of  Rye,  and  lo  N  E  of 
New  York  city. 

N-iv  Salemy  Or  Pfjuottini,  a  Moravian 
fettlement,  formed  in  1786,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Huron  river,  which  runs  N  into  Lake 
Erie. 

Netv  Salem,  a  poft  town  in  Hampfliirc 
CO.  Mafl'achufetts,  bounded  E  by  tlie  W 
line  <»f  Worccftcr  co.  incorporated  i75,l« 

an  4 


I 


[■■■M 


m 


NEW 

,  and  contains  T949  inhabitant*.    It  U  80 
miiea  W  by  N  of  Bufton. 

NnvSavuHnat,  a  village  in  Burke  to. 
Georgia,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  the  Savan- 
nah, 12  miles  S  £  of  Auguda.  It  has  a 
ware-houfc,  and  a  few  dwelling-houfes. 

NeufSbaroH,  a  poll  town,  Kennebec  co. 
Maine,  30  miles  N  W  of  Aiigufta. 

NtW'Sboreham.     See  Black-ljland, 

New- Smyrna  Entrancf,  or  Mcjkita  Jnlet^ 
on  the  cuaA  of  Florida,  is  »bout  11  leagues 
N  N  W,  i  W  from  cape  Canavcrel. 

NewSoutb-Walet.  See  fV<i/es,Aai  New 
Britain. 

Nenv  Spain.     See  Mexico. 

Netv-Hlockbridge,       See  Stackbridge-Nevi. 

Neto-Swedeland,  was  the  name  of  the 
territory  between  Virginia  and  N.  York, 
trhen  in  pu(reflion  of  the  Swedes,  and 
was  afterwards  pofTefTedtor  rather  claim- 
ed by  the  Dutch.  The  chief  town  vras 
called  Gottenburgb. 

Ne^u-Tbamet  River.     See  Thames. 

Newton,  a  pleafHOt  townfliip  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  MafTachufetts,  on  Charles  river,  9 
miles  W  of  Bufton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1691,  and  contains  1491  inhabitants. 

Newton,  a  fmall  town  in  ChcAer  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  aa  miles  S  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Newton,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampihire,  on  Powow  river,  adjoiaiug 
Amdbury,  in  Maflachufetts,  10  or  ii 
miles  foucbcrly  of  Exeter.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  >749,  and  contains  450  inhab- 
itants. 

Newtown,  a  port  town  in  Fairfield  CO. 
Connediicut,  9  miles  £  N  £  of  Danbury, 
a6  W  N  W  of  N.  Haven,  61  S  W  of  Hart- 
ford, 80  N  E  of  New  York.  The  town 
,  Aands  picaiaiitiy  on  an  elevated  fpot,  and 
was  fettled  in  1708. 

Newtoivn,  on  Statcn  IHand,  N.  York,  is 
3  miles  N  E  of  Old  Town,  as  far  E  of 
Richmond,  and  9  I'outhwcdcrly  of  New 
York. 

Newtoivn,  a  townfliip  in  Qnetn's  co.  N. 
York,  includes  all  the  lilands  in  the  found 
Oppiilitc  the  fame.  It  is  about  8  miles  E 
of  New  York,  and  contains  a,3ia  inhab- 
itants, including  51*  flavcs. 

Newto7vn,  a  townHiip  in  Weft  Chefter 
CO.  New  York ;  of  whofc  inhabitants  276 
are  ele«5tors, 

Newtown,  a  pofl  town  in  Tioga  co.  N. 
York,  lies  between  the  S  end  of  Seneca 
Lake  and  Tioga  river ;  having  Chemung 
townfliip  £,from  which  it  w^ig  taken,  and 
incorporated  in  179a.  It  has  1333  in- 
habitauts. 


Newtown,  a  townfliip  in  Gloucefler  co. 
New  Jericy. 

Newtown,  a  poft  town  and  the  feat  of 
juftice  in  Suflex  co.  N.  Jerfey,  it  about  10 
miles  S  £  of  Sandyflon.  It  contains  a 
large  Prefliytcrian  church,  a  ftone  court- 
houfe  and  jail.  In  the  town  is  a  furnace 
and  4  forges  for  the  manufa<£lurc  of  iron, 
a  remarkable  caTe,called  the  Devil's  Hole, 
and  feveral  ponds  covering  from  5  to  100 
acres.  It  is  108  miles  N  by  £  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Newtown,  a  pod  town  and  the  capital 
of  Bucks  CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  contains  a 
Prcfl>yterian  church,  a  flone  gaol,  a  court 
houfe,  aa  academy,  and  about  40  houfcs. 
It  was  fettled  in  1725,  and  is  10  miles  W 
of  Trenton,  in  N.  Jerfcv,  and  24  N  £  by 
N  of  Philadelphia.  There  are  two  other 
townfliips  of  this  name,  the  one  in  Dela- 
ware  county,  the  other  in  that  of  Cum* 
berland,  having  1427  inhabitants. 

Newtown,  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia,  fit- 
uated  in  Frederick  co.  between  the  N  and 
S  branches  of  Shenandoah  river ;  7  miles 
S  of  Wincbefler,  and  173  N  N  W  of  Rich- 
mond. 

New  Utreelt,  a  fmall  maritime  town  of 
N.  York,  in  King's  co.  Long  Ifland,  oppo- 
fite  the  Narrows,  and  7  miles  S  of  New 
York  city,  containing  7  78  inhabitants. 

Ntw  Vineyard,  a  town  in  Kennebeck 
CO.  Maine,  W  of  Kennebeck  river,  be- 
tween Anfon  and  Strong,  40  miles  N  W 
of  Augufla. 

New  H'inJfir,  a  townfliip  of  Orange  co. 
N.  York,  pleafantly  (ituated  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  juftabovft  the  high 
lands,  3  miles  S  of  Newburgh,^nd  6  N 
of  Weft  Point.  It  contains  aooi  inhab- 
itants. A  valuable  fet  of  works  in  this 
town  for  manufadluring  fcythes  were  dc- 
ftroycd  by  fire.  In  1795,  the  legiflature 
granted  the  unfortunate  proprietor,  Mr. 
Boyd,  jCi5<3°  t"  enable  him  to  re-eftablifli 
tht:m.  The  compadt  part  of  the  town 
contains  about  40  houfes  and  a  Prefl>ytc- 
rian  church,  64  miles  N  of  N.  York.  The 
fummer  refidencc  of  Gov.  Clinton  was 
formerly  at  a  rural  feat,  on  the  margin  of 
the  river,  at  this  place. 

New  Tear's  Harbour,  on  the  N  coaft  of 
Staten  Land  Ifland,  at  the  S  extremity  of 
Sj.  America,  aflfords  wood  and  good  water ; 
was  difcovered  Jan.  i,  1775 ;  hence  its 
name.     S  lat.  54  49,  W  long.  64  1 1. 

New  Tear's  JJlandt,  near  the  above  har- 
bour, within  which  is  anchorage  at  N 
half  W  from  the  harbour,  at  the  diflance 
of  a  leagues  from  it. 

NiW 


ITew  fori, 

America,  ia 

and  45  N,  an 

80  W ;  is  ab 

300  in  brea( 

by  the  Atlac 

cut,  Mafl^achi 

V.  Canada; 

nia,  R  Jerfej 

vided  into  31 

York,  Richmi 

Qjieen's,  Kinj 

Columbia,  R( 

ton,Saratoga, 

kemer,Onond 

CTtuben,  Onci^ 

land,  Delawa 

ric.andGcnm 

arc  divided  in 

Freeholders  to 
Bo.  to  the  valu 
Do.  who  rent  t 
Other  frcehoU( 

The  numbei 
of  whom  io,6 
rivers  are  Hu 
branches.    Th 
quehannah,  til 
cipal  lakes  are 
Seneca,  Cayugi 
The  principal 
fpreads  to  the 
of  N.  York.    1 
ftimufated  by  I 
Pennfylvaniani 
the  trade  of 
lately  granted 
improving  tho 
moft  fettled  pa 
ening  fuch  as  1 
northern  parts 
as  pofllhic  the  ( 
river,  and  the 
interior  counti 
ble  diflances. 
poft  roads  a  fal 
•pened  betwee 
parts  of  this  St 
m  the  Union : 
between  Hudft 
rio  are  remove 
deal  to  do  to  c( 
nication  by  tl»< 
river  to  the  Mi 
generally,    ig 
mountains  ext« 
dire<ftion.    Bej 
tains,  however, 
*ne  rich  foil, , 


NEW 


NEW 


Jfftv)  Torkt  one  of  the  United  State*  of 
America,  it  fituated  between  iat.  40  40 
tnd  45  N,  and  between  long.  73  10  and 
80  W ;  it  about  350  miles  in  length,  and 
300  in  breadth;  bounded  fouthcafterly^ 
bj  the  Atlantic  Ocean ;  E  by  Conbedli- 
cut,  Mafrachufetti,  and  Vermont ;  N  by 
U,  Canada;  S  W  and  W  by  Peiinfylta- 
nia,  M.  JcrJTey  and  L.  £rie.  It  i>  fubdi- 
vidcd  into  31  countie*  as  follow*,  viz.  Ni 
York,  Richmond,  Suffolk,  Wc(l  Chcfter, 
Queen'*,  King'*,  Orange,  Ulfter,  Dutcticf*, 
Columbia,  Rcnflelaer,  Wafliington,  Clin- 
ton, Saratoga,  Albany,  Montgomery,  Her- 
kemer,  Onondago,  Otfego,  Ontario,  Tioga, 
Stubcn,  Oneida,  Chenango,  Eflex,  Rock- 
land,  Delaware,  Green,  Cayuga,  Schoha- 
rie, and  CenneHce.  £Ie(Sor*  in  thit  State 
are  divided  into  the  following  clafles : 

Freeholders  to  the  value  of  ;(iao  •  -  StSiJ^S 
Do.  to  the  value  of^£0,  and  under /'lOO  4,n38 
'  Do.  who  rent  tenement*  of  40/.  pit  aun.Z2,598 
Other  freehoUen        .       •       .        .      ^43 

Total  in  1790,        <S4,oi7 

The  nnmber  of  inhabitants  Is  586,050, 
of  whom  30,613  ate  flaves.    The  chief 
rivers  are  Hudfon,  Mohawk  and  their 
branches.    The  rivers  Delaware  and  Suf- 
quehannah,  rife  in  this  State.    The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  Otfego,  Oneida,  George, 
Seneca,  Cayuga,  Salt,  and  Chautaughque. 
The  principal  bay  is  that  of  York,  which  ; 
fprcads  to  the  fouthward  before  the  city  i 
of  N.  York.    The  legillature  of  N.  York, ' 
ftimulated  by  the  entcrprizing  and  a<£tive 
Pennfylvanians,  who  are  competitors  for  j 
the  trade  cf  the  wedern  country,  have 
lately  granted  very  liberal  fums,  towards 
improving  thofe  roads  that  travcrfe  the 
moft  fettled  parts  of  the  country,  and  op- 
ening fuch  as  lead  into  the  weflern  and 
northern  parts  of  the  State,  uniting  as  far 
as  poHlMc  the  eftablifliments  on  Hudfon's 
river,  and  the  moft  populous  parts  of  the 
interior  country  by  the  neareft  pradtica-  : 
ble  diftances.     By  late  eflabliflimcnts  of  | 
poft  roads  a  fafe  and  diretfi  conveyance  is  i 
•pened  between  the  mod  interior  weftern  j 
parts  of  this  State,  and  the  feveral  States 
m  the  Union :  and  when  the  ohftrudlions  \ 
between  Hudfon's  river  and  Lake  Onta-  i 
rio  are  removed,  there  will  not  be  a  great 
deal  to  do  to  continue  the  water  commu-  j 
nication  by  tl>e  lakes  and  through  Illinois  l 
river  to  the  Miffifippi.    N.  York,  to  fpeak  | 
generally,    is   interfered   by    ridges   of 
mountains  extending  in  a  N  £  and  S  W 
dircdlion.    Beyond  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, however,  the  country  is  level,  of  a 
fine  rich  foil,  covered  in  it*  natural  (late 


with  maple,  beech,  birch,  cherry,  focutf, 
hickory,  and  fome  mulberry  tree*.  On 
the  bank*  of  Lake  Erie  are  a  few  chefnut 
and  oak  ridges.  Hemlock  fwamp*  are 
interfperfcd  thinly  through  the  country. 
All  the  creeks  that  empty  into  Lake  Erie 
have  falls,  which  aflord  many  cxcrllenC 
mill-feats.  The  hinds  between  the  Sene- 
ca and  Cayuga  Laket,  are  reprcfcnted  atf 
uncommonly  excellent,  being  moll  agree- 
ably diverfificd  with  gentle  rifings,  and 
timbered  with  lofty  trees,  with  little  un« 
derwood.  The  legillature  have  granted 
a  million  and  a  hi;lf  acres  of  land,  as  a 
gratuity  to  the  oftlccrs  and  foldiers  cf  the 
line  of  this  State.  This  tradt  forms  the 
military  townfhips  of  the  co.  of  Ononda- 
ga See  Miiilary  TonvKjlipt,  and  OHondw 
go.  E  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains^ 
which  commence  with  the  Kaat's  Kill,  on 
the  W  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  the  country 
is  broken  into  hills  with  rich  intervening 
vallies.  The  hills  are  clothed  thick  witb 
timber,  and  when  cleared,  afTord  fine  paf- 
ture ;  the  vallies,  when  cultivated,  pro- 
duce wheat,  hemp,  flax,  peas,  grafs,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  &c.  Of  the  commodities 
produced  from  culture,  wheat  is  the  prin- 
cipal. Indian  corn  and  peas  are  likewife 
raifed  fot*  exportation  ;  and  rye,  oitt^ 
barley,  &c.  for  home  confumption.  The 
bed  lands  in  the  State,  along  Mohawk 
river  and  N  of  it  and  W  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  but  a  few  years  ago  was  moft- 
ly  in  a  (late  of  nature,  but  has  been  of 
late  rapidly  I'eiiling.  In  the  northern  and 
unfettled  parts  of  the  State  are  plenty  of 
moofe,  deer,  bears,  feme  beavers,  martins, 
and  mod  other  inhabitants  of  the  forcft, 
except  wolves.  The  Balldown, Saratoga, 
and  New  Lebanon  medicinal  fprings  are 
much  celebrated  :  thcfe  are  noticed  un- 
der their  refpcdlivc  heads.  The  fait  made 
from  the  Salt  Springs  here  is  equal  in  good- 
nefs  to  that  imported  from  Turk's  llland. 
The  weight  of  a  bnfliel  of  the  fait  is  136 
lb.  [uce  ij/wc]  A  fpring  is  reported  to 
have  been  diftovercd  in  the  Sufquehan- 
nah  country,  impregnated  with  nitre,from 
which  faltpctre  is  made  in  the  fame  man- 
ner that  common  fait  is  made  front 
the  Onondago  fprings.  Large  quantities 
of  iron  ore  are  found  here.  A  filvcr 
mine  has  been  worked  at  Phillipfburg, 
which  produced  virgin  filver.  Lead  is 
found  in  Herkcmer  co.  and  fulphur  ia 
Montgomery.  Spar,  zinc  or  fpeltcr,  a 
femi-metal,  magnez,  ufed  in  glazings,  py- 
rites of  a  golden  hue,  various  kinds  of  cop- 


f         1 


('! 


I         i 


P« 


ore,  and  lead  and  coal 


Ktie 


mines,  are 
fouu4 


found  iu  thit  State,  alfo  petrified  wood, 
plainer  of  Paris,  ifing-glarsi  in  flieeti,  talci, 
aii^  cryftdit  of  variuiitkindit  and  colours, 
tlint,  afbetloB,  and   i'everal  other  folCls. 
A  fmall  black,  (tone  has  alfo  been  found, 
which  vitrifies  with  a  fmall  heat;  and  it 
is  faid  makes  excellent  glaH.    The  chief 
nianufa(f^ures  are  iron,  glafi;  paper,  pot 
and  pearl  aflies,  earthen  ware,  maple  fu- 
gar  and  molaflcs ;  and  the  citizens  in  gen- 
eral   manufa«Sture   their   own    clothing. 
This  State,  Jiaving  a  (liort  and  eafjr  accefs 
ib  the  ocean  4  commands  the  trade  of  a 
creat  pt-oportiob  of  the  bef^  fettled  and 
bed  cultivated  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Their  ex|M}rts  t«  (he  Weft  Indies  are;  bif- 
tuit,  peas,  Indian  corn;  appilet,  onions, 
boards,  flave.s,  iiorfes,  llieep,butter,checfc, 
pickled   oy^crs,  beef    and   pork.      Bbt 
v'heat  is  the  Haple  commodity  of  the 
State,  of  which  no  lefs  than  677,700  bufh- 
cIs  were  exported  fo  long  ago  as  the  year 
1775,  befidcs  itSSS  ^ons  of  bread,  and 
3,818  tuns  of  flour.  The  increafe  fince  has 
been  ia  proportion  to  the  increafe  of  the 
population.     In  wheat  and  floiir  above  a 
Tnillionbiimeis  are  now  annually  ezpiorted. 
W.  India  goods  are  received  in  return  for 
the  above  articles.  Befides  the  articles  al- 
ready enumerated^  are  exported  flax-feed, 
cotton  wool,  farfaparilla,  coffee,  indigo, 
rice,  pig-iron,  bar-iron,  pot-alh,  {xatl-afli, 
furs,  deer-fkins,  logwood,  fudic,  mafioga- 
fty,  bees-wax,  oil^  Madeira  wine,  rum, 
tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  whale  fins,  fifli,  fu- 
gars,  molafies,  fait,  tobacco,  lard,  &c.  but 
mod  of  thefe  articles  are  imported  for  re- 
exportation. The  e-tports  to  foreign  parts, 
for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  J791, 179*. 
&c.  confiding  principally  of  the  articles 
above  enumerated,  amounted  as  follows ; 
in   1791,  to  3,505465   dolls.  10  centi,; 
J793— 4,535,790  dolls.  35  cents ;  1793— 
2,932,370  dolls.;  1794— 5.44^.1 83  dolls. 
10   cents;    1795 — 10,304,580   dolls.   78 
cents;     1801 — 13,791,476  dollars.     This 
State  owned  in  1793,  46,636  tons  of  fliip- 
[>ing,  beiides  which  ftic  finds  employment 
tor  about  40,000  tons  of  foreign  vefl'els. 
There  are  in  this  State,  two  handfomely 
endowed  and  flourifliing  colleges,  \\t.  Co- 
hin\bia,  formerly  King's  College,  in  the 
City  of  N.  Vork,  and  Union  College,  at 
."^fii'jiitJlady.     See    New  Tori    Citj/   and 
S.LtneiJa'Jy.    Befidcs  thcfc,  there  arc  dif- 
pctfed  in  dilTerent  parts  of  the  State,  14 
i^icorporated   Academics,  containing   in 
fin-  whole,  as  many  as  6  or  700  dudcnts. 
'i'hele,  with  the  eftablifliment  of  fchools, 
I  at  lead  in  eVery  didri^St  of  4  fc^uarc 


NEW 

mues,  for  the  common  branches  of  add- 
cation,  mud  have  the  mod  beneficial  cf- 
feAs  on  the  date  of  fociety.    The  fumi 
graiited  by  the  Icgiflature  of  this  State  for 
the  encouragement  of  literature  fiace  the 
year  i7;|o,  ha  vie  heea  very  liberal  and  ia 
evincive  of  the  wifed  policv,    In  March, 
I796,the  legidatur^  grahted  tb  the  regent* 
of  the  Univerfity,  who  havie  by  \nf  the  fu- 
pcriptendaiice  and  nianagetneiti  of  the  lit- 
erature of  the8tate,reveral  large  abd  valu- 
able tradts  of  land,  on  the  waleri  of  Lake* 
George  and  Chartiplaiti,  and  alfo  ISovcr- 
nor's  Ifland  in  the  harbour  of  New  York, 
with  intent  that  the  rents  and  income 
thereof  fliould  be  by  theth  applied  to  the 
advancemfcat  of  literature.     At  the  fame 
tinie  ther  Ranted  them  ;£i,bbo  curreticr, 
for  the  lame  general  purpbfe.    In  April, 
1794,  they  ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  re- 
genti,  ^t,Soo  for  enlarging  the  library, 
j^soo  for  A  cheihical  apparatus,  £i,aoa 
for  ereiSling  a  wall  to  fupport  the  College 
grounds,  and  £5fiOO  for  ere<King  a  hall 
and  an  additional  wing  to  the  college : 
A'fo  ;C'*50<)  aiinually  for  5  years  to  be 
difcretionally  diftribiited  among  the  acad- 
emies of  the  State.    Alfo  £,TSOi  for  five 
years,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of 
the  falaries  of  additional  profeflbrs.    Iu 
their  feffions  fince  1795,  the  Aims  theV 
have  granted  for  the  fuppott  of  the  coN 
legeA,  academies,  and  of  common  fchools 
throughout  the  State.have  been  very  lib- 
eral.   The  religious  fedks  or  denomina- 
tions in  this  State  are,  Enjlifli  Prefbyteri- 
ansi  Dutch  Refotra.cd,  Baptids,  Epifco- 
palians,  Friends  oi  Quakers;  Oerinan  Lu- 
therans, Moravians,  M^thodids,  Romaii 
Catholics,  Shakers,  a  few  followers  of  Je- 
mima Wilkinfnn   at   Geneva,  and  fome 
Jews  ih  the  city  of  %  York.    The  treaf- 
ui'y  of  this  State  is  oae  of  the  riched  irt 
the  Union.    The  treafurer  of  the  State  re- 
ported to  the  legiflatnre  in  Jan.  1796,  that 
the  funds  amounted  to  2,1 19,068  dolls.  33 
cents, 'which  yields  an  annuity  of  334,318 
dolls.     Befides  the  above  immenfe  fum, 
there  was  at  that  period  in  the  treafury, 
£134,307  :  19 :  10^  currency.    The  abil- 
ity of  the  State,  therefore,  is  iibuiidantiy 
competent  to  aid  public  inditutions  of 
every  kind,  to  make  roads,  credt  bridge!!, 
open  canalsj  and  pulli  every  kind  of  im- 
provement to  the  mod  definable  length. 
The  body  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians 
inhabit  the  wedern  part  of  this   State; 
See  Six  Nationt. 

The   Englidi    language    is    generall)} 
fpokcD  throii£hout  the  State,  but  is  not 

»  little 


li  little  eon 
which  is  dill 
ticularly  in 
that  parr  cf 
mountains, 
mod,  if  not  •• 
guage,  in  a  f 
ceafc  to  be  i 
of  Engl  i  Hi  A 
ceptible  cfi^e 
Englidi  lang 
Knglifli,  thei 
igrants  from 
and  fome  fe\ 
mans  are  fe 
fome  Scots  p 
county  of  V 
part  ,of  the  t\ 
of  N.  York ; 
religion,  and 
of  their  refpe 
ctnigranls  ftti 
chellc,  and  or 
fccndants.fevi 
vfthehighed 
The  wedern  ] 
and  fettling  p 
land.    There 
this  State,  N. 
Nito  Tori  ( 
cOmprehendir 
Manhattan, 
n^ds,  and  t 
Great  Barn,  L 
ten,  Bedlow'g, 
It  containedji 
in  1800,60,4^ 
in  1790,  was 
New  Tori  ( 
point  of  York] 
Hudfon  and  J 
tropolis  of  thJ 
fccond  in  rani 
of  the  city  on  I 
ahd  rapidly  iJ 
that  didance  J 
Its  breadth  on| 
and  Its'circur. 
plan  of  the  c^ 
but  is  laid  out! 
tion  of  the  grtf 
•vas  unoccupic 
was  laid  out  ii 
nient  width,  \i 
upon  the  par 
The  principal 
wich  the  rivcl 
though  not  at  [ 
ning  from  riJ 
•f  the  drects 


^I.V^ 


N  E\V 


k  little  corrupted  b^  the  Dutch  dialedt, 
which  i«  ftill  fpoken  in  Tome  counties,  par- 
ticularly in  King's,  Ulftrr,  Albany,  and 
that  part  tf  Orange  which  liei  S  of  the 
mountains.  But  as  Dutch  frhools  are  al- 
mod,  if  not  wholly  difcontinued,  that  lan- 
guage, in  a  few  generations,  will  probably 
ceafc  to  be  ufed  at  all.  And  the  increafc 
of  £nglifli  fchools  has.  already  had  a  per- 
ceptible effedt  in  the  improvement  of  the 
Englifli  language.  Bcfitles  the  Dutch  and 
.Kuglifli,  there  are  in  this  State  many  em- 
igrants from  Scotland,  Ireland,  Germany, 
and  fomc  few  from  France.  Many  Ger- 
mans arc  fettled  on  the  Mohawk,  and 
fome  Scots  people  on  the  Hudfon,  in  the 
county  of  Wafhington.  The  principal 
part  ^f  the  two  former  fettled  in  the  city 
of  N.  York ;  and  retain  the  manners,  the 
religion,  and  fome  of  them  the  language 
of  their  refpedtive  countries.  The  French 
etnigranls  lettled  printipally  at  New  Ro- 
chelle,  and  oh  Staten  Ifland,and  their  de- 
fccndants.fe'veral  of  them, have  filled  fome 
of  the  higheft  offices  in  the  United  States. 
The  weflem  parts  of  the  State  are  fettled 
and  fettling  principally  from  JNew  Eng- 
land. There  arc  3  incorporated  cities  in 
this  State,  N.  York,  Albany,  and  Hudfon. 

New  Tork  Ceunl)^,  in  the  above  State, 
comprehending  the  ifland  of  N.  York,  or 
Manhattan,  on  which  the  metropolis 
Ibnds,  and  the  following  fmall  iflands : 
Great  Barn,  Little  Bam,  Manning's,  Nut- 
ten,  Bedlow's,  Bucking.and  Oyller  Iflands. 
It  containedjiA  1790,  33,131  inhabitants, 
ifk  1800,60,489.  The  number  of  Haves 
in  1790,  was  2,369,  in  1800.  2,868. 

New  Tori  City,  is  fituatcd  on  the  S  W 
point  of  York  Ifland,  at  the  coufluence  of 
Hudfon  and  £a(l  Rivers,  and  is  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  State  of  its  name,  and  the 
fccond  in  rank  in  the  Union.  The  length 
of  the  city  on  £a(l  River  is  ahiiut  3  miles, 
ahd  rapidly  increafing,  but  falls  fliort  of 
that  diftance  oli  the  banks  uf  the  Hudfon. 
Its  breadth  on  an  averjige,  is  about  a  mile, 
and  its  circumference  5  or  6  miles.  The 
plan  of  the  city  is  not  perfectly  regular, 
but  is  laid  out  with  reference  to  the  fit  na- 
tion of  the  ground.  The  ground  which 
»va8  unoccupied  before  the  peace  of  1783, 
was  laid  out  in  parallel  ftrcets  of  conve- 
nient width,  which  has  had  a  good  effedt 
upon  the  parts  of  the  city  lately  built. 
The  principal  ftrcets  run  nearly  parallel 
wich  the  rivers.  Thefe  art  interfedled, 
though  not  at  right  angles,  by  (Irects  run- 
nmg  from  river  to  rivet.  In  the  width 
•f  the  (Ireett  there  it  a  great  diverfity. 


V«i..  I, 


A  A  a 


Water  ftrcet  and  Pearl  ftrect,  which  oc- 
cupy the  banks  of  £aft  River,  are  very 
conveniently  fituatcd  fur  bufmcfs,  but 
(hey  arc  low  and  too  iKitrow ;  not  ad- 
mitting in  fome  places  of  walks  on  the 
fides  for  foot  paflcngers.  l^ruad  Street, 
extending  ftoni  the  £xchan,i;c  10  ciiy  hall, 
is  fuilicicntly  wide.  This  was  otiginally 
built  on  each  fulc  of  the  creek,  whici)  pen> 
ctratcri  nimoft  to  the  city  hall.  This  ftrect 
is  low,  but  plLal'aiit.  But  the  moft  conveni- 
ent and  agreeable  part  iif  the  lity  is  the 
Broadway.  It  begins  at  a  point  which  it 
foimed  I)y  the  jundtion  of  the  Hudfon  and 
Eaft  Rivers^occupies  the  height  of  land 
betwtcn  them,  upon  a  true  meridional  line 
— rifcs  gently  to  the  northward-^is  near- 
ly 70  feet  wide — adorned,  where  the 
fort  ftood,  (which  has  lately  been  level- 
led) with  an  elegant  btick  edifice,  for  the 
aerommodation  of  the  governor  of  the 
State,and  a  public  walk  fromthc  extremity 
ofthe  point,  occupying  the  ground  of  the 
lower  battery  which  is  now  dcmolifhcd ; 
alfo  with  two  £pifcopal  churches  and  a 
number  of  elegant  private  buildings.  It 
terminates,  to  the  northward,  in  a  trian- 
gular area,  fronting  the  btideweU  and 
ahns-houfe,  and  commands  from  any 
point,  a  view  of  the  Bay  and  Narrows. 
Since  the  year  1788,  that  part  of  the  city, 
which  was  buried  in  ruins  duringthe  war, 
has  been  rapidly  rebuilding,  the  ftreett 
widened,  ftraightened,  raifed  in  the  mid- 
dle under  an  angle  fuflicieut  to  carry  oiF 
the  water  to  the  fide  gutters,  and  foot- 
ways of  brick  made  on  each  fide.  At 
this  time  the  part  th^t  was  dcftroyed  by 
lire  is  all  covered  with  elegant  brick  hou- 
fcs.  Wall  ftreet  is  generally  50  feet  wide 
and  elevated,  and  the  buildings  elegant. 
Hanover  fcjuare-  and  Dock  ftreet  arc  con- 
vcniet.tly  fituatcd  for  bufincfs,  and  the 
houfe!)  well  built.  W.'ii.im  ftrect  is  alfo 
elevated  and  eoiwcnient,  and  is  the  prin- 
cipal nurkft  for  letailiiig  dry  goods. 
Many  of  the  other  fttects  are  picafant, 
but  n'loft  of  them  are  irrcguhr  and  nar- 
row. The  hoiifcs  are  generally  built  of 
brick,  and  the  roofs  tiled.  Thtf  are  re- 
maining a  few  houlcs  built  after  the  old 
Dutch  manner;  but  the  F.nglilhtafte  hat 
prevailed  aiinoft  a  century.  The  moft 
mignificcnt  edifice  in  the  city  is  Fiderat 
Hiitl.  fituatcd  at  the  head  of  Broad  ftreet, 
where  its  front  appears  to  great  advan- 
t<ige,  ill  which  is  a  gallery  xz  feet  deep, 
gu.irdcd  by  au  elegant  iron  railing.  In 
this  gallery  our  beloved  IV.'JMngton,  at- 
tended by  the  feuatc  and  houlc  of  repre- 

fentativet, 


^'  ;    ' 


NEW 


N  E  W 


fcntativn,  took  hi^  o^th  of  office  in  the 
face  of  Heaven,  and  in  jprd'cncc  of  a  large 
concourfc  of  people  ailenililed  in  front, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  operation 
of  the  Federal  ConQitution,  April  33th, 
X789.  The  Nitv  York  Slati  Pri/oH,  ii  Titu- 
ated  at  Greenwich,  ahout  2  mitr*  diftant 
from  the  fnuthcrnmoft  point  of  the  city, 
upon  a  lot  uf  .ihout  4  acrcn,  nn  the  E  hank 
pf  Hudfon'N  River,  and  incloCcd  by  a  wall 
from  16  to  »c)  fett  high.  The  building 
comprchendi  tie  following  fuhdivifion* 
and  apartments :  x.  In  the  centre  facing 
Orecnwich  rtrect,  and  in  the  rear  facing 
the  liver,  i»  the  building  containinj;  the 
apartments  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
keeper  and  his  Mi\»mt»,  and  rooms  for 
the  ulc  of  the  inipe^tors,  &c.  its  dimen- 
fions  being  64  feet  fquare,  and  in  the  rear 
a  fpacious  hall.  a.  Adjoining  the  fore- 
going, on  each  fide  fronting  the  ftrect,  is 
a  building  of  the  fame  height  with  the 
centre,  each  of  which  contains  30  prifons 
eapahle  of  containing  each  6  prifuners  for 
lodging.  3.  Adjoining,  and  extending 
wefterly  on  the  northerly  fide,  is  a  build- 
ing of  about  j6  feet  in  length,  and  36  feet 
in  breadth,  intended  for  a  place  of  wor- 
iliip  tor  the  prifoners.  On  the  foutiierly 
fide  it  a  building  of  the  fame  dimenfions, 
iateoded  for  the  hofpital  and  dining 
apartmentL:  adjoining  to,  and  extending 
wcderly  arcMwo  other  fets  of  prifons  of 
cqui  I  nxc  with  thofe  in  front.  To  com- 
plete che  plan,  there  will  be  folitary  cells 
at  the  end  of  the  lad  defcrihed  prifons, 
each  of  which  calculated  to  contain  8^  pcr- 
font  in  folitude.  Within  the  walls,  work- 
ihops  arc  erctfled,  in  which  the  prifoners 
are  employed  at  hard  labour.  The  whole 
of  the  buildings  will  fhew  a  front  and 
rear  of  about  307  feet.  The  whole  is 
built  of  hard  ftone.  The  walls  are  thick. 
The  prifon  grates  are  of  flout  iron  bars, 
fiteled  and  hardened.  The  height  of  the 
whole,  except  the  folitary  cells,  is  3  (lo- 
ries ;  the  lower  one  being  funk  3  feet  be- 
low thefurface,  is  10  feet  from  the  floor  to 
the  ceiling.  The  two  other  (lories  are  13^ 
feet  each,  between  the  floor  and  ceiling. 
The  building  is  covered  with  flate,  and 
in  the  centre, over  a  handfome  pediment, 
ia  an  elegant  cupola,  which  commands  a 
pleafmg  view  of  all  the  veiTels  pafCng  to 
and  from  the  city  through  the  Narrows, 
and  down  as  far  as  Sandy  Hook,  and  alfo 
for  fomeconfiderahle  didance  upHudfon's 
River.  The  other  public  buildings  in  the 
city  are,  3  houfes  for  public  worfliip  for 
the  Dutch  Rcfotmed  church,  5  Frefbyte- 


rian  churches,  4  Epifcopal  cburchea,  3 
for  O.rman  Lutherans  and  Calviaifb,  t 
Friei«ds'  mecting.houfes,  4  for  Baptifts,  j 
for  Mcthodifh,  1  for  Seeeden,  i  for  Uni< 
verfalins,  1  for  Moravian*,  1  Roman  Cath- 
olic church,  I  French  Proteflant  church, 
and  a  Jews'  fynngogue.  Belides  thefe  there 
is  the  governor's  houfe,  already  mention- 
ed, a  handfome  building,  the  college,  gaol, 
and  fevera)  other  buildings  of  lefs  note. 
The  city  is  accommodated  with  4  mar- 
kets in  diiFcrent  parts,  which  are  furnifli- 
ed  with  a  great  plenty  and  variety  of  pro- 
vifions  in  neat  and  excellent  order. 

Kind's  College,  in  the  city  of  N.  York, 
was  principally  founded  by  the  voluntary 
contributions  of  the  inhabitant*  of  the 
province,  afllfted  by  the  general  aflembly, 
and  the  corporation  of  Trinity  Church : 
In  the  year  1754,  a  royal  charter  (and 
grant  of  money)  was  obtained,  incorpo- 
rating a  number  of  gentlemen  therein' 
mentioned,  by  the  name  of  "  The  Gov- 
ernors of  the  College  of  the  province  of 
New  York,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in 
America ;"  and  granting  to  them  and 
their  fuccelTors  forever,  amongft  variou* 
other  rights  and  privileges,  the  power  of 
conferring  all  fuch  degreei  as  are  ufualljr 
conferred  by  either  of  the  £nglifli  univer- 
Tities.  By  the  charter  it  waa  provided 
that  the  ptcfident  (hall  always  be  a  mna^' 
ber  of  tlic  church  of  Englaao,  and  that  m 
form  of  prayer  colledkcd  from  the  litur- 
gy of  that  church,  with  a  particular  pray> 
er  for  the  college,  fhali  be  daily  ufed» 
morning  and  evening,  in  the  college  chap- 
el ;  at  the  fame  time,  no  teft  of  their  re- 
ligious nerfuafion  was  required  from  any 
of  the  fellows,  profeflbri  or  tutors;  and 
the  advantages  of  education  were  equally 
extended  to  (hidents  of  all  denominationt. 
The  building  (which  is  only  ^  of  the  in- 
tended ftru(Sure)  confifb  of  an  elegant 
(lone  edifice,  3  complete  (lories  high,.witlv 
4  (lair-cafes,  %z  apartments  in  each,  a 
chapel,  hall,  library,  mnfeum,.anatomieal 
theatre,  and  a  fchool  for  experimental  phi- 
lofophy.  The  college  is  fituated  6n  a  dry 
gravelly  foil,  about  150  yards  from  the 
bank  of  Hudfon's  River,  which  it  over- 
looks, commanding  a  mod  extenfive  and 
beautiful  profpedl.  Since  the  revolution, 
the  Icgiflature  pafTed  an  adt  condituting 
21  gentlemen  (ofwhom  the  governor  and 
lieutenant-governor,  for  the  time  being, 
are  members  eic  nffitns)  a  body  corporate 
and  politic,  by  the  name  and  dyle  of  "The 
Regents  of  the  Univerfity  of  the  State  of 
New  YorL"     They  arc  cntruftcd  with 

the 


NEW 


NEW 


the  cue  of  IIter«turc  in  |eiieral  In  the 
Stale,  And  have  powrr  to  grant  i  hartrm 
of  incorporation  for  cteOtini;  collcgei  arid 
academic*  thi  xighout  tlu  if/tte,  are  to 
vifit  ihcfe  inttitution*  a*  often  an  they 
(hall  think  proper,  and  report  their  ftate 
to  the  iegillature  once  a  year.  King's 
C*Dlltfge,  which  we  have  already  dcfcribed, 
it  now  called  Columbia  Ceihjre.  'i'hii  col- 
lege, by  an  »£k  of  the  icgillatiire,  palled 
In  the  fpring  of  1787,  was  put  under  the 
care  of  34  gentlemen,  who  arc  a  body 
corporate,  by  the  name  and  ftyle  of  "  Tlic 
Truftccs  of  Columbia  College  in  the  city 
of  New  York."  This  body  po<Ttf4  all  the 
powers  veiled  in  the  governoru  of  Kiit.^'s 
college,  before  the  revolution,  or  in  the 
regents  of  the  univerflty,  fince  the  revo- 
lution, fo  far  ■■  their  power  r{fpe«5ted 
this  inftitutiun.  No  regent  can  he  a  truf< 
tee  of  any  particular  college  or  ac^fdemy 
in  the  State.  The  regents  of  the  univer- 
fity  have  power  to  confer  the  higher  de- 
ffren,  and  them  only.  The  college  edi- 
See  hn  reeeived  no  addition  fince  the 
peaee,  though  the  erctSlton  of  a  hail  and 
i  wng  have  been  contemplated,  and 
fands  for  the  purpofe  granted  by  the  leg* 
{flature.  The  annual  revenue  arifing 
firom  the  eftate  belonging  to  the  college, 
«telufive  of  fome  bond*  which  are  not  at 
prefent  produdtive,  amounts  to  £i,S3S 
t^urrencv.  Columbia  College  confids  of 
2  faeultici ;  a  faculty  of  arts  and  a  facul- 
ty of  phyflc.  The  iirft  has  a  prefident 
and  7  profeflbrt,  and  the  fecond  a  dean 
and  7  profeTors.  The  (Indents  attending 
both  the  faculties  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1795,  amounted  to  140.  The  offi- 
cer* of  inftruiftion  and  immediate  govern- 
ment in  the  faculty  of  arts,  arc,  a  prefi- 
dent, profefTor  of  mathematics  and  natu- 
ral philofophy,  a  profeflbr  of  logic  and 
geography,  and  a  profeiTor  of  languages. 
To  thefc  have  lately  been  added  a  pro- 
feiTor of  chymidry  and  agriculture,  a  pro- 
feflbr of  oriental  languages,  a  profeflbr  of 
law,andaprofeflbr  of  thcFrench  language. 
In  the  faculty  of  phyfic,  the  dean  is  ledlur- 
er  on  clinical  medicine  in  the  N.York  hof- 
pital ;  and  there  are  the  profefl()r{hips  of 
botany,  of  anatomy,  of  the  obflctric  art, 
of  materia  medica,  of  the  inflitutes  of 
medicine,  of  furgery,  and  the  pra(StiLv  of 
phyfic.  Thefc  profeflbrs  aflbrd  the  ne- 
cenary  inflru&ion  in  the  healing  art. 
The  library  and  mufeum  were  deflroyed 
during  the  war.  Upwards  of  ,^800  (of 
monies  granted  by  the  Icgillature)  have 
been  lately  ezpctided  in  books  to  incrcafe 


the  library.  The  phitofophical  tppa-* 
ratkis  is  new  and  complete.  The  gov- 
crnment  of  the  city  (which  was  incor- 
porated in  1696)  it  now  in  the  hand*  of  a 
mrvi  or,  aldermen,  and  common  council. 
I  ht  city  ii  divided  into  7  wardt,  iu  each 
ot  whiih  there  i*  chotcn  anniiiilly  by  the 
people,  nn  alderman  and  an  ainilant,  who, 
togtiher  with  the  recorder,  are  appointed 
■tnnually  by  the  council  of  appointment. 
'1  lie  iniiyor's  court,  which  i*  held  from 
time  to  time  by  adjournntent,  is  in  high 
reputation  a*  a  court  of  law.  A  court 
of  fcflious  is  likewife  held  for  tlic  trial 
of  criminal  caufus.  The  fituatiou  of  the 
city  is  both  healthy  and  picafaut.  Sur- 
rounded on  nil  fides  by  water,  it  is  rcfrcfh- 
cd  with  cool  breezes  in  lummer,  and  the 
air  in  winter  is  more  temperate  than  ia 
other  places  under  the  Hinic  parallel. 
Thu  city  is  ifleemed  the  molt  eligible  fit- 
iiation  for  commerce  in  tht  United  States. 
It  command*  the  trade  of  one- half  Hew 
Jerfcy,  mod  of  that  of  Connecticut,  part 
of  that  of  Maflachufetts,  almoA  the  whole 
of  Vermont,  and  a  part  of  that  of  New 
Hampfhire,  lying  on  Connedlicut  River ; 
befide*  the  whole  fertile  interior  country, 
which  it  pcfietrated  by  one  of  the  larged 
rivers  in  America.  This  city  and  Balti* 
more,  it  ii  faid,  export  three-fourths  of 
the  produce  fent  from  the  U.  States.  Thia 
city  imports  mod  of  the  goods  confumcd 
between  a  line  of  30  mile*  £  of  Connedt- 
icut  River,  and  20  mile*  Wof  the  HudTon, 
which  is  130  mile*  ;  and  between  the 
ocean  and  the  confines  of  Canada,  about 
400  mile* ;  a  confidcrabic  portion  of 
which  is  the  bed  peopled  of  any  part  of 
of  the  U,  States ;  and  the  whole  territory 
contains  nearly  a  million  people,  or  one* 
fifth  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Union.  Be< 
fides,  fome  of  the  other  States  are  partially 
fupplicd  with  goods  from  N.  York.  But  in 
the  daple  commodity,  flour,  Pennfylvania 
and  Maryland  have  exceeded  it,  the  fuper> 
fine  flour  of  thofe  States  commanding  a 
higher  price  than  that  of  N.York ;  not  that 
the  quality  of  the  grain  is  worfe,  but  be- 
caufe  greater  attention  is  paid  in  thofe 
States  tothcinfpeiftion  and  manufadture  of 
that  article.  In  the  manufa<5lure  likewife 
of  iron,  paper,  cabinet  works,  &c.Pcnnfyl- 
vania  exceeds  not  only  N.  York,  but  all  ' 
her  fider  States.  In  times  of  peace,  how- 
ever, N.  York  will  command  more  ciMn- 
mercial  bufinefs  than  any  town  in  the  U. 
States.  In  time  of  war  it  will  be  infecure, 
without  a  marine  force ;  but  a  fmall  num- 
ber of  fliip*  will  be  able  to  defend  it  from 

liNr 


'  ;  I 


NEW 


N  I  A 


the  mod  formidable  attacks  by  fea.  A 
want  of  good  water  has  been  a  great  in- 
convenience to  the  citizens  ;  there  being 
few  wel!8  in  the  city.  Mofl  of  the  peo- 
ple were  till  lately  fupplied  every  clay 
with  frefh  vvater,  conveyed  to  their  doins 
in  Ciifks,  from  a  ptiinp  near  the  head  of 
Qneeii  ftrect,  which  receives  it  from  a 
fpring  ahuofl  a  mile  from  the  centre  of 
the  city.  Tliis  well  is  a!>out  ao  feet  deep, 
and  i  tcct  diameter.  The  average  quan- 
tity drawn  daily  from  this  remarkable 
well,  was  1  lo  ho;;flieads  of  130  gallons 
ea>.h.  In  fonie  hot  fummcr  days  ai6 
hogilieails  have  been  drawn  from  it ;  and 
what  Is  very  fnigular,  there  is  never  more 
or  Icii  than  about  3  feet  water  in  the 
Well.  The  v>  .ic-r  was  fold  commonly  at  3 
pence  a  hogihcad  at  the  pump.  The 
Manhattan  Company  now  fupply  or  have 
agreed  to  fupply  the  citizens  with  wa- 
ter by  pipes.  On  a  general  view  of  this 
city,  as  defcribed  40  years  ago,  and  in  its 
prefent  (late,  the  comparifon  is  flattering 
to  the  prefent  a^e ;  particularly  the  im- 
provements in  tafle,  elegance  of  manacrs, 
and  that  eafy  iinatrcin:ed  civility  and  po- 
litcnefs  which  form  the  happinefs  of  fo- 
cial  intercourfe.  The  number  of  inhab- 
itanU  in  the  city  and  county  of  N.  York 
in  1756,  was  io,88t;  1771,31,863;  1786, 
43,614;  1790,  33»»3i5  »8oo,  60,489 
There  is  no  bafon  for  the  reception  of 
■vcfleU,  but  the  road  where  they  lie  in 
Eaft  River,  which  is  protc<5lcd  from  the 
violence  of  the  fea  by  the  circumjacent 
iflands.  The  great  rapidity  of  the  tides 
in  the  n^irrow  channels  between  Long  Ifl- 
and  and  York  Ifland,  and  between  Long 
iHand  and  Staten  Idand,  increafcd  by  the 
water  of  Hudfon  jrnd  Eafl  rivers, prefer ve« 
the  clianntl  from  being  obftrutfled  by  ice; 
fo  that  navigation  is  always  open,  except 
a  few  diiys  when  the  weather  is  uncom- 
tnonly  Ct  vere.  The  entries  from  foreign 
ports  only  into  tliis  port  in  1795  were 
94T,  viz.  (hips,  r78 — brig«,309 — barq;ies, 
g — rno\vs,7 — fthooucrs,  i63-^floops,  170. 
"Works  of  defence  liave  br^n  crcifted  liere 
to  a  confidcralile  extent,  and  when  com- 
pleted on  the  original  plan,  will  alTord 
great  fecurity  to  the  city,  from  enemies' 
fliips.  N  York  city  is  95  miles  N  E  of 
Philadelphia,  117  H  \V  of  Hartford,  197 
NEof  Baltimore,  252  r^  VV  of  liofton, 
375  from  Portland,  in  Mainf,  373  from 
Richmond,  6io  from  Fayctteviltc,  913 
from  Charlcflown.r'.nd  1,020  from  .Savan- 
nah. N  lat.  40  4*  8,  W  long.  74  9  45. 
iVirw   J'ori,    an  Indian    town    of   the 


Creek  nation,  on  Tallapoore  river,  m 
Georgia  *,  and  fo  named  by  Col.  Ray,  » 
N.  York  BritiQi  loyalift. 

New  Tori  IJland,  on  which  the  city  of 
that  name  (lands,  is  about  15  miles  long, 
and  docs  not  exceed  two  in  any  part  in 
breadth.  It  is  joined  to  the  main  land 
by  a  bridge,  called  King's  Bridge,  xj  miici 
N  of  N.  York  city. 

Neiv  Yuri,  Albemarle  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  pofl;  office,  167  miles  from 
Wafliiiigton, 

N-ybe,  or  Nelva,  a  fertile  plain  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  idand  of  St.Domingo ;  bound- 
ed E  by  the  bay  and  river  of  its  name, 
on  the  W  by  the  tivcr  of  Dames,  and  the 
Pond  of  Henriquelle.  It  contains  about 
80  fquare  leagues,  abounds  with  game, 
and  is  a  chofen  fpot  for  ilamingoes,  pheaf- 
ants,  and  royal  or  crowned  peacocks. 
Thefe  lafl  have  a  more  delicate  flavour 
and  more  brilliant  plumage  than  the  pea- 
cocks of  Etuopc.  Nine  leagues  front  th«! 
W  hank  of  the  Neybe  is  the  town,  con-< 
taining  about  'ioo  houfes,  and,  can  turn 
out  300  men  fit  to  bear  arms.  This  town 
is  15  leagues  W  by  N  of  Azua,  and  x6 
from  the  point  where  the  line  of  demarca- 
tion cuts  Brackifh,  Pond.  This  territory 
produces  a  fort  of  plaifler,  talc,  and  folul 
fait.  The  natural  re-produdlioa  of  the  fall 
is  fo  rapid, that  a  pretty  large  hollow  is  ab- 
folutely  filled  up  again  in  the  courfe  of  a 
year.  The  river  might  be  rendered  navi- 
gable for  fmall  craft,  and  the  jjlain  is  able, 
to  afford  eligible  fituations  for  ijo  fugar 
plantations. 

Nii'gara  River  and  Fall'.  Niagara  River 
connedls  the  N  E  end  of  L.  Erie  with  L. 
Ontario,  and  is  about  30  miles  in  lengthy 
from  Fort  Erie  to  Niagara  Fort,  and  forms 
a  part  of  the  boundary  between  the  U*. 
States  and  U.  Canada.  It  receives  Chippe- 
way  or  Welland  River  from  the  W,  and 
Toncwanto  Creek  from  the  E,  and  cm- 
hofoms  Great  and  Navy  Iflands.  Fort 
.Sludier  (lands  on  the  E  fide  of  this  river, 
near  Navy  Ifland.  The  Falls  in  this  riv- 
er, are  oppofite  Fort  Sluflier,  about  7  or 
3  miles  S  of  L.  Ontario,  and  form  thi: 
[;rcateft  ciuiofity  which  this  or  any  other 
country  affords.  In  order  to  have  a  tol- 
erable idea  of  this  (lupendous  fall  of  wa- 
ter, it  will  be  nccciTary  to  conceive  that 
parr  of  the  country  in  which  Lake  Erie 
is  fituatcd  to  be  elevated  above  that 
which  contains  Lake  Ontario  about  300 
feet ;  the  (lope  which  fcparates  the  upper 
und  lower  country  is  generally  very  (ieep, 
and  in  many  places  aUnod  perpendicular : 


it  is  forme 
great  part 
Hope  may 
Ontario,  ni 
the  W  end 
redkion  is 
tario  and  1 
Niagara  ai 
which  it  b< 
wards  Sen 
the  countr 
araifl  of  N 
Genneffee. 
have  fuppo 
em  fide  of 
and  that  fr 
the  quantit 
which  it  f 
away  for  ai 
Erie,*  and 
perfon    car 
Down  this  c 
mofl  adonif 
makes  the 
is  conftanti; 
tion  of  the  i 
peA  imagir 
the  falls,  tl 
arreted,  an< 
lence.    The 
at  the  falls, 
this  vad  boe 
that  is  frequ 
ao  miles,  am 
40,  and  cvei 
tremulous  n 
fevcral  rods 
fog  is  conda 
in  which  rai 
when  the  fu 
in  the  winte 
bouring  tret 
duces  a  mofl 
ance :  this  1 
the  Falls  of 
that  the  wat 
the  chafm; 
the  cataiaiSl 
fay  only  13 
which  the  ' 
immediately 
273,  which 
of  fiji  miles. 
Rapids  abov 
flantly  hurri 

•  Gen.  Lit 
thrfe  falls  in  \ 
rrtation  of  the 
t»  b*  ff»  gouJj 


I» 


N  I  A 

it  it  formed  by  horizontal  Arataofftone, 
great  part  of  which  is  lime-ftone.  The 
flopc  may  be  traced  by  the  N  fid«  of  L, 
Ontario,  near  the  bay  of  Torento,  round 
the  W  end  of  the  Lake ;  thence  the  di- 
rcdtion  is  generally  £.  between  L.  On- 
tario and  L.  Erie  it  croiTes  the  (Irait  of 
Niagara  and  the  Gennefl'ee  River ;  after 
which  it  becomes  loft  in  the  country  to- 
vardn  Seneca  Lake.  It  is  to  this  flopie 
the  country  is  indebted  both  for  the  Cat- 
araifl  of  Niagara  and  the  great  Falls  of 
Genneflce.  The  Catara«St  of  Niagara,  fome 
have  fuppofcd,  was  formerly  at  the  north- 
ern fide  of  the  (lope  near  the  landing ; 
and  that  from  the  great  length  of  time, 
the  quantity  of  water,  and  the  diftance 
which  it  falls,  the  folid  (lone  is  worn 
away  for  about  7  miles  up  towards  Lake 
Erie,*  and  a  chafm  is  formed  which  no 
perfon  can  approach  without  terror. 
Down  this  chafm  the  water  rulhcs  with  a 
mod  adoniChing  noife  and  velocity,  after  it 
makes  the  great  pitch.  Here  the  fancy 
is  confbintly  engaged  in  the  contempla- 
tion of  the  mod  romantic  and  awful  prof- 
pedk  imaginable ;  when  the  eye  catches 
the  falls,  the  contemplation  is  indantly 
arrefted,  and  the  beholder  admires  in  fi- 
lence.  The  river  is  about  74%  yards  wide 
at  the  falls.  The  perpendicular  pitch  of 
this  vaft  body  of  water  produces  a  found 
that  is  frequently  heard  at  the  diftanceof 
aomilc«,  and  in  a  clear  day  and  fair  wind, 
40,  and  even  50  miles.  A  perceptible, 
tremulous  motion  in  the  earth  is  felt  for 
feveral  rods  round.  A  hcav)'  cloud  or 
fog  is  conQantiy  afcending  trcni  the  falls, 
in  which  rainbows  may  always  be  feen 
when  the  fun  (hincs.  This  fog  or  fpray, 
in  the  winter  fcafon,  falls  upon  the  neigh- 
bouring trees,  where  it  congeals,  and  pro- 
duces a  mod  beautiful  cryftaline  appear- 
ance :  this  remark  is  applicable  alio  to 
the  Falls  of  Genntflee.  It  is  conjcdlured 
that  the  warer  niuft  fall  at  leaft  65  feet  in 
the  chal'm;  the  perpendicular  pitch  at 
the  cataradl  is  150  feet ;  other  account<< 
fay  only  137  feet :  to  thcfe  add  58  fctt, 
which  the  water  falls  the  laft  half  mile 
imiTicdiately  above  the  falls,  and  we  h.ive 
27,^,  \vhich  the  water  falls  in  the  di'taiice 
of  y-^  mites.  Animals  fwimniing  near  the 
Rapids  above  the  Great  Cataracl  arc  iu- 
flantly  hurried  to  dcftrudtiou.    Jufl  bc- 

*  Gen.  Lincohf  tvbo  vi/ifej  ami  examined 
thrfe  falls  in  iy^^,fays,  *•  On  a  careful txam- 
Jnatian  of  the  ianh  of  tie  river,  tbire  appeari 
/•  bt  ttf  fjouii found^iion f«r ihii  ofinitn" 


N  r  e 

low  the  Great  Pitch,  the  water  «nd  fo»« 
may  be  fcen  puiTed  up  in  large  fpherical 
figures ;  they  burft  at  the  top,  and  pruj.CL't 
a  column  of  the  Ipray  to  a  prodigimis 
height,  and  then  fuhlidc,  and  are  fuccccd- 
cd  by  others  \yhich  burfl  in  liice  manner. 
This  appearance  is  moll  rtmArkable  about 
half  way  between  the  ill.itid  that  divides 
the  falls  and  the  weft  lidc  of  tlit  ftrait, 
where  the  largeft  column  ol  water  dc- 
fcends.  The  defcent  into  the  cliatin  of 
this  (lupendous  cataradl  is  very  difficult, 
on  account  of  the  great  height  ct  liie 
banks;  but  when  once  a  perfon  has  de- 
fcended,  he  may  go  up  to  the  foot  of  the 
Falls,  and  take  ihelter  beliind  the  <Xc- 
fcendiog  column  of  water,  between  that 
and  the  precipice,  where  there  is  fpacc 
fuiRcient  to  contain  a  number  of  people 
in  perfeA  fafety.an-'.  where  convtrfation 
may  be  held  without  interruption  from 
the  noife,  which  islefs  here  than  at  a  con- 
fiderablc  diftance.  On  Chriftmas  night, 
I795»  a  fevere  fhock  of  an  earthquake 
was  felt  here,  and  by  which  a  large  piece 
of  the  rock  that  forms  the  famous  cata- 
radl was  broken  ofF. 

Niagara,  a  fort  and  port  town  in  the 
State  of  N.  York,  fituatcd  on  the  E  fid« 
of  Niagara  River,  at  its  entrance  int(>  L. 
Ontario,  and  oppofite  to  Newark,  in  Can- 
ada. Niagara  Fort  is  a  moft  important 
pofl,  and  fecures  a  greater  number  of 
communications,  through  a  large  country, 
than  probably  any  other  pafs  in  interior 
America.  It  is  about  9  miles  bcldw  ti;c 
catarac'l,  80  N  W  of  Wiilianifourg  ou 
Gennellee  River,  .•jyo  N  \V  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  sSo  W  by  N  of  Bofton.  N. 
lat.  43  20,  W  long.  79.  The  fort  \vi» 
built  by  the  Frc.".ch  about  the  ye?.i  1725, 
and  was  dclivi.;cil  up  to  the  U,  State,<, 
according  to  the  treaty  of  1794,  by  the 
Britifli,  in  I7y6.  Although  it  is  a  degrctf 
N  of  ]3o(lf7i,  yet  the  feafon  h  quite  .»» 
mild  Jicre  as  at  th,n  town,  and  vcgetatiim 
quite  as  CKrIy  and  forward.  It  is  thoi.n>}u 
that  the  ctimHtc  meliorates  in  the  fan.^j 
latitude  as  one  proceeds  from  the  Atlan- 
tic wcftw.ird. 

X:ui>.irn,  LitlU;  or  Fort  Fluilicr,  nbovc 
the  (ircHt  Falls,  on  the  F.  (idc  oi  N-.aj'.ii.i 
River,  oppoiite  10  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Wclland.  S/nyib. 

NicarL'gna,  a  lake  in  the  province  of 
New  Spain,  i  j  7  leagues  in  circumference. 
Its  wcflern  part  is  not  more  tlun  aomilu 
from  the  S  W  coaft  of  Mexico.  It  fend* 
its  waters  E  to  the  ocean,  by  a  fpacious 
river  of  its  name,  which  divides  the  prov- 
ince 


f; 


1 


1  '' 

14' 


m 


Mil 


\i 


NIC 


NI  G 


inee  of  Nicaragua  from  Coda  Rica  This 
renders  the  towns  on  the  banks  of  the 
lake  of  coniiderable  importance,  particu- 
larly the  cities  of  Granada,  Leon,  and 
Nicaragua.  The  firft  is  on  the  S  fide  in 
lat.  IX  8  N,  and  lon^.  85  xx  W,  and  is  45 
niles  weftvvard  of  the  city  of  Nicaragua, 
that  (Vands  at  fome  difbince  S  from  the 
lake.  Leon  is  at  the  W  end  of  the  lake, 
and  in  lat.  la  N,  and  long.  87  W.  The 
lake  is  interfperfcd  with  feveral  idands, 
and  full  of  fifh,  but  infcfted  with  alliga- 
tors. Nicaragua  River  empties  into  the 
tet,  oppoGtc  to  the  iflaUd  of  Monglares, 
N  lat.  II  40,  W  long.  82-47. 

Nitat  agua,  a  maritime  province  of  Mex- 
ico, having  Honduras  on  the  N,  the  North 
Sea  on  the  E,  Cofta  Rieo  on  the  S  E,  and 
the  South  Sea  on  the  S  W.  It  is  about 
400  miles  long,  and  X20  broad.  I'he 
air  is  wholefome  and  temperate,  and  the 
foil  fertile,  producing  quantities  of  fugar, 
cochineal,  and  fine  chocolate.  This  is 
conGdered  as  the  garden  of  America ;  be- 
ing fo  pleafant  and  fruitful,  that  when 
the  Spaniards  firft  vi&ted  it,  they  called  it 
Mahomet's  Paradife. 

Nicbolat,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
laining  0,863  inhabitants. 

Nieiota/vilU,  the  county  town  of  the 
sboTi  CO.  iz  miles  S  E  of  Lexington.  It 
lias  a  court  houfe  and  a  few  dwelling 
lioufes. 

NieMat,  Ca/te  St.  the  N  ^  extrtmity  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W,  In- 
dies. It  is  2  leagues  W  of  the  town  of  its 
name,  more  commonly  called  The  Mole, 
46  leagues  N  £  by  N  of  Cape  Dame 
Marie,  and,  with  this  cape,  forms  the  en- 
trance  into  the  large  bay  called  the  Bite 
or  Bight  of  Leogane.    See  Tie  Mole, 

NicMis,  Fort  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
lies  6  leagues  S  S  £  of  Port  Cavallo.  It 
is  fafer  than  St.  John's  harbour,  but  af- 
fords neither  wood  nor  water. 

Nitbols'  Stream,  in  the  fame  town- 
fhip  (No.  4)  with  Great  IVoris,  enters  Pc- 
nobfcot  River  oppolite  Marfli's  Ifland, 
about  6  miles  below  the  Great  Falls,  and 
6  above  the  head  of  the  tide.  It  has 
large  iraAs  of  valuahle  meadow  and  in- 
terval land,  and  may  derive  great  advan- 
tages from  its  mill-feats. 

JMiclifiici,  an  Indian  town  on  the  S  E 
fide  of  'renncflee  River,  At  the  point  of  a 
large  bend,  alMut  36  miles  N  £  of  the 
Creek's  Crulling  Place.  Half  way  bt- 
twccn  thefc  lie*  the  Crow  Town,  on  the 
fame  iide  of  the  river. 

Nicker,  one  of  the  fmall  Virgin  Iflands, 


fituated  between  Anegada  aad  Virgfia 
Gorda,on  the  latter  of  which  it  is  depend- 
ent.   N  lat.  t8  30,  W  long.  65  5. 

Nicola,  or  Nicola  Town  Gut,  on  the  N  E 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Chriftopher's. 

Nicoltt  Ri^ir,  in  L.  Canada,  a  fouthem 
water  of  St.  Lawrence,  running  parallel 
with,  and  a  few  mil^  only  E  of  St.  Fran- 
cis River.  Its  banks  are  good  land,  and 
fettling  faft  by  emigrattts  from  New  Eng- 
land.    See  SbiptoH, 

Nieoja,  of  St.  Lueatr,  a  town  of  Cofta 
Rico,  in  the  kingdom  of  Mexico,  North 
America,  having  a  harbour  on  a  bay  of 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  10  aoN,  and 
long.  88  ro  W.  About  f  o  leagues  diftant 
is  the  bay  of  Salinas,  from  whence  the 
inhabitants  of  this  place  procure  and  fend 
to  Panama  thyurpic  ]\iitt  of  a  fhell-fiOi 
found  in  it,  R&des  fait,  honey,  maize, 
fowls  and  wheat ;  and  here  is  alfo  a  pearl 
fifhery.  The  town  is  inland,  but  fhips 
rfde  in  the  river  CipaBdos  %  leagues  td 
the  N  W  from  the  ifland  of  Chira,  to 
take  in  goods  front  it;  which  river  is 
navigable  f6r  large  periaguas  that  bring 
down  the  ^ods  to  the  fliips.  The  ifland 
of  Chira  affords  plenty  of  freflt  water  and 
provifions. 

NiSiau,  a  river  of  No7a  Scotia,  which 
waters  the  townfliip  of  Annapolis ;  on  it* 
banks  are  quantities  of  bog  and  mountain 
ore,  where  a  bloomery  has  been  credted. 

NicMifa,  Gulf  of,  is  on  the  E  coaft  of  the 
eountry  of  Honduras,  on  the  Spanifli 
Main,  having  Cape  Oracias-a-Dios  for  ita 
N  limit,  and  Cape  Blanco,  on  the  S; 
Catherine,  or  Providence,  is  due  £  from 
it. 

Niebe,  or  Nejbe,  a  bay  and  river  on  the 
S  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  The 
bay  is  in  N  lat.  18  3,  W  long.  73  46. 

Nitva  IJland,  lies  S  W  of  Mi(»"ke  Bay, 
and  on  the  N  £  fide  of  Hudfor  's  i^'traits. 

Nirua  Terra,  near  the  E  enc*  of  Hud- 
fou's  Straits,  in  N.  America,  ir  lat.  6a  4 
N,  and  long.  67  7  W,  and  has  high  water 
on  the  fpring  tide  days  at  50  min.  paft  9 
o'clock. 

Niganicbe,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton,  in  the  S  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Sc, 
Lawrence. 

Nigua,  a  riyer  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Domingo.  The  rivers  Nigua 
and  Jayna  are  not  very  far  apart ;  but 
as  they  advance  from  their  fprings,  they 
recede  from  each  other,  the  former  run- 
ning weftward  from  the  latter.  Between 
them  lies  an  extenfive  and  fertile  plain. 
The  (^uaatity  of  f    -  gold  that  was  dug 

from 


from  ita  ea 

and  other 

greater  ami 

all  the  Spai 

er.    Thefe 

ed  navigabi 

of  Nigua  < 

partly  free 

Ninety  Si 

upper  coui 

Laurens,  a] 

fee.    It  con 

inhabitants, 

fenators  to 

former  and 

and  I  mem 

confiderabh 

portatioo. 

it  was  form 

is  60  miles 

W  of  Char 

Georgia,  an 

May,   1781 

fieged  by  G 

fended  by 

Col.  Cruger, 

Nipegon, 
into  L.  Sup< 
a  tribe  of  1 
near  a  lake 
about  half  m 
Albany  Riv 
gon  is  a  bm 
enters  the  h 
from  the  to| 
It  is  very  na 
garter  fufpe 
Nipiftgbit 
of  Chaleur 
of  this  nam 
by  a  broad, 
^ipiJPtng  1 
connecSted  w 

Nipijfms. 
head  waters 
riors,  300. 

Nifao,  a  r 

of  the  ifland 

to  the  fea  o 

Nigua  Rivei 

Nifqueunia 

on  the  Moh 

and  Schenet^ 

of  the  focict 

Nittany  A 

between  the 

«f  Sufquehai 

Nivernois, 

Lake  Ontari 

NixoiUon, 


NIX 

from  its  eavitiei,  its  fugar,  cocoa,  indigo, 
and  other  plantation;,  paid  duties  to  a 
greater  amount  thaa  thofe  now  paid  by 
all  the  Spanifli  part  of  the  ifland  togeth> 
er.  Thefe  rivers  might  be  eafily  render- 
ed navigable.  The  parifh  and  fmall  town 
of  Nigua  contain  about  2,500  petfons, 
partly  free  people  of  colour. 

Ninety  Six,  formerly  a  diAriA  of  the 
upper  country  of  Edgefield,  Abbeville, 
Laurens,  and  Newbury  didriifts ;  which 
fee.  It  contained,  in  1790,  33,674  white 
inhabitants,  fent  i  a  reprefentatives  and  4 
fenators  to  tht  State  legiflature,  3  of  the 
former  and  i  of  the  latter  for  each  co. 
and  I  member  to  Congrefs.  It  produces 
confiderablc  quantities  of  tobacco  for  ex- 
portation. Chief  town  Cambridge,  or  as 
it  was  formerly  called,  Ninety  Six,  which 
is  60  miles  W  by  N  of  Columbia,  147  N 
W  of  Charlefton,  49  N  of  Augufta  in 
Georgia,  and  762  from  Philadelphia.  In 
May,  17  81,  this  to.wn  was  clofely  be- 
fieged  by  Gen.  Greene,  and  bravely  de- 
fended by  the  Britifli,  commanded  by 
Col.  Cruger.     See  South  Carelina. 

Nipegon,  a  large  river  which  empties 
into  L.  Superior,  from  the  N.  It  leads  to 
a  tribe  of  the  Chippewas,  who  inhabit 
Bear  a  lake  of  the  fame  name,  which  lies 
about  half  way  between  L.  Superior  and 
Albany  River.  Not  far  from  the  Nipe- 
gon  is  a  fmall  river,  which,  juft  before  it 
enters  the  lake,  has  a  perpendicular  fall, 
from  the  top  of  a  mountain  of  600  feet. 
It  is  very  narrow,  appears  like  a  white 
garter  fufpended  in  the  air. 

Nipifigbit  Bay.  A  fouthern  projedlion 
of  Chaleur  Bay  is  fo  called.  The  river 
of  this  name  falls  into  it  frohi  the  S  W, 
by  a  broad,  bay  like  mouth. 

Nipijftng  Lake  is  N  £  of  L.  Huron,  and 
connected  with  it  by  French  River. 

Nipijpns.  Indians  inhabiting  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  Ottawas  river.  War- 
riors, 300. 

Nifao,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  centre 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  falls  in- 
to the  fea  on  the  S  lide,  7  leagues  W  of 
Nigua  River. 

Nifqueunia,  or  Nefligiuna,  a  fettlcment 
on  the  Mohawk  River,  between  Albany 
and  Schene«Stady.  It  is  the  principal  feat 
of  the  focicty  called  Shatert. 

Nittany  Mountain,  in  Pcnnfylvania,  is 
between  the  Juniatta  and  the  W  branch 
«f  Sufquehannah  River. 

Nivernois,  a  large  bay  at  the  £  end  of 
Lake  Ontario. 

JfixontcH,  a  pnft  town  of  N.  Carolina, 


N  O  M 

and  capital  of  Pafquotank  co. ;  lies  Ott  si 
northern  water  of  Albemarle  Sound,  and 
contains  a  court-houfc,  gaol,  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes.  It  is  28  miles  N  £  of 
Edenton,  and  468  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Nobleborovgb,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  in  1788,  and  con- 
tains 804  inhabitants.  It  is  10  miles  S 
£  of  New  Caftle,  and  19%  N  £  of  Bof> 
ton. 

Nobleborough,  a  town  in  Herkcmcr  co. 
N.  York,  on.  the  head  waters  of  Canada 
Creek. 

Nobfquttjfit,  or  Nolfcvffet,  the  N  E  part 
of  Yarmouth,  in  Barnftable  co.  Mafiachu- 
fetts,  where  are  23  fait  works,  which 
make  nearly  500  bufliels  of  marine  fait 
yearly,  worth  75  cents  abufhel. 

Nociamixen,  a  townfliip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  has  846  inhabitants. 

Noddle  I  IJIand,  a  fmall,  pleafant  and  fer- 
tile ifland  in  Bofton  harbour,  Maflachuo 
fetts.  It  is  about  2  miles  E  N  £  of  the 
town,  on  the  Chelfea  fliore.  It  is  occa> 
pied  as  a  farm,  and  yields  large  quantltier 
of  excellent  hay. 

Nodway,  a  river,  or  rather  a  long  bay 
which  communicates  with  James'  Bay,  at 
the  S  £  extremity  of  Rupert's  River. 

Nogales.    See  fTalnut  Hilli. 

Noir,  or  Black  River,  in  Louifiana,  mnt 
fouthward,  and  joins  Rogue  or  Red  river  ; 
which  fee. 

Nair,  Cape,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Terra  del  Fuego,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat.  54  30,. 
W  long.  73  13. 

Noir,  Cape,  or  Black  Cape,  on  the  north- 
ern fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  7  league* 
W  N  W  of  Bonaventure. 

Noix,  IJle  au,  or  Nut  IJle,  a  fmall  ifle  of 
50  acres,  near  the  N  end  of  L.  Champlain, 
and  within  the  province  of  L.  Canada. 
Here  the  Britiili  had  a  garrifon  of  100 
men.  It  is  about  5  miles  N  N  £  of  the 
mouth  of  La  Cole  River,  20  N  of  Ifle  La 
Motte,  and  12  or  15  fouthward  of  St, 
John's. 

Nolacbuciy,  a  river  in  the  eaftern  part 
of  the  State  of  Tenneflce,  which  runs  W 
S  W  into  French  Broad  River,  about  26 
miles  from  Holdon  River.  Near  the 
banks  of  this  river  Greenville  College  i* 
eftablifhed. 

Nelin  Creek,  a  branch  of  Green  Rivet 
in  Kentucky.  The  land  iiere  is  of  an  in- 
ferior quality. 

Ncmani  Land  IJIand  lies  a  little  S  W  of ' 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  is  about  3  milc» 
long  and  %  broad.    It  belongs  to  Dukc'a 

ca 


N  0  0 

ih.  MafTachufotti.     N  lat.  41  15,  W  long. 
71  S- 

Nvmhre  de  Dhi,  a  port  to  the  S  S  E  of 
the  cape  to  the  caftward  of  Porto  Bcllo, 
on  the  Spanifh  Main,  at  the  didance  of 
itbout  7  leagues.  It  is  at  the  bottom  of  a 
large  deep  bay,  being  wide  to  the  E  fide 
ill  Ut.  9  43  N,  and  long.  78  35  W.  The 
{(lands  called  Baftimerttos  arc  iu  this  bay. 
L^rgc  veflcU  fcidom  frequent  this  part 
MOW,  although  there  is  from  5  tO  8  fathoms, 
and  cleati  ground.  Experience  pointed 
<;iit  that  they  were  in  danger  of  founder- 
i'lg  ai  anchor,  fuch  is  the  fiiry  with  which 
tlic  itd.  pours  into  the  bay.  Thofe  vefTels 
tiiat  now  vifit  It,  if  tlieir  bnfirtefs  require 
any  ftay,  prcTtr  ridi:\;  at  the  Baftimcntos, 
or  at  Porto  Btllo. 

N^mtre  de  Dioi,  hn  the  W  coafl:  of  Mex- 
ico, «;ii  tlie  N  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  large 
rnd  populous  tou-n,  a  litilc  lo  the  north- 
ward of  I  he  tJopic  of  Cancer,  and  20 
h-agitts  to  the  N  of  Guadalaxara.  N  lai. 
Aj  38,  W  long.  104. 

Niiitame  Laif,  in  N  America,  eitcnds 
from  lat.  60  about  50  luiles  >f-  Its  width 
is  abriut  if  miles  from  eaft  to  weft.  It 
ilbounds  with  fine  fiftl.  Hearne. 

Nimefuch,  d  river  of  Cumberland  co. 
Maine.  It  paffcs  to  the  fca  through  the 
town  of  Scarborough ;  and  receives  its 
name  from  its  extraordini-ry  freftiets. 

Nunefuch,  a  harbour  at  the  E  end  of  the 
iiland  of  Antigua.  The  foad  is  foul  and 
full  of  rocks ;  and  it  has  not  more  than  6 
or  8  feet  water,  except  in  one  place, 
which  is  very  difficult. 

Noori  Ptint,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  is 
the  N  point  of  the  bay  or  port  of  Coquim- 
bo  ;  the  other  is  called  Point  Tortugas. 

Noobeeva,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Klauds, 
faidto  be  the  parent  of  them  all,  fituated 
about  10  leagues  S  W  of  Ooahoona.  Capt. 
Roberts  named  it  Adams  ;  it  is  the  iame 
which  Capt,  Ingraham  called  Federal  JJl- 
tind.  The  lat.  of  the  body  of  the  iflaod  is 
S  j8  S,  and  nearly  in  the  fame  meridian 
with  Wooapo,  between  140  and  14O  10 
W  long,  from  Greenwich.  All  accounts 
of  the  natives  concurred,  fays  Capt.  Rob- 
erts, in  reprcfenting  it  as  populous  and 
fruitful,  and  to  have  a  large  bay  with 
good  anchorage. 

Noijtka.  or  Kin^  Geutgcs  Sound,  on  the 
N  W  coafl:  of  N.  America,  is  very  cxten- 
livc.  That  part  of  it  where  the  fl^ips  un- 
der Capt.  Cook  anchored,  lies  in  lat.  49 
?6  N,  and  Ion;;.  136  <5  2  W  from  Green- 
wich. Capt.  Cook  judged  the  found  to 
•cctipy  a  degree  r.ud  2  hilt  in  lat.  and  2 


Nbii 

of  long,  ezdufive  of  its  arms  and  branch^! 
unexplored.  The  whole  found  is  fur- 
rounded  by  hijh  land,  in  many  places 
broken  and  tugged,  and  in  general  eov> 
ered  with  wbod  to  the  very  top.  The 
natives  were  numerous  and  Were  in  pof- 
feflloil  of  iron  and  beads ;  which  proba- 
bly were  conveyed  to  thent  acrofs  the 
continent  from  Hudfon's  Bay.  They  are 
rather  below  the  middle  flze,  and  befmear 
their  bodies  wii  .  red  paint,  but  their  fa- 
ces are  bedaubed  with  various  colours. 
The  Strait  De  Fuca  encdmpaflcs  the  Urge 
clufler  of  iflands  among  whibh  this  found 
is  Htuatcd.  See  Fuca,  Pintari,  Wajbingtaii 
IJlandi,  and  Notth  Weft  Coifl.  It  was  for- 
mally taken  pofleffion  of  by  Lieut.  Pcarce 
of  the  BritiOi  navy,  in  1795,  in  the  name 
of  his  Britannic  Majcdy. 

Nord,  Rio  del,  or  Rio  Bravo.  Sec  Norti 
River,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Nsyfolk,  a  populous  maritime  county  of 
Muflachufetts,  lately  taken  from  the 
fouthcrn  part  of  Suffolk  co.  and  lies  to 
the  fouthward  around  the  town  and  har* 
boar  of  Boflon.  It  contains  20  town- 
fliipfi,  bf  which  Dedham  is  the  feat  of  juf- 
ticc.     Number  of  inhabitants,  17 ,3 16. 

Norfolk,  a  populous  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N  by  James'  River,  which  di- 
vides it  from  \Varwick.  It  contains  7,7^8 
free  inhabitants,  and  4,735  flaves. 

Norfolk,  a  pbrt  of  entry,  port  town,  and 
feat  of  jullice  in  the  above  co.  on  the  £ 
fide  of  Elizabeth  River,  immediately  be- 
low the  confluence  of  the  eaftern  branch. 
It  is  the  mod  confiderable  commercial 
town  in  Virginia.  The  channel  of  the 
river  is  from  ,^50  to  400  yards  wide,  and 
at  common  flood  tides  has  18  feet  watef 
up  to  the  town.  The  harbour  is  fafe  and! 
commodious,  and  large  enough  to  contain 
3C0  iliips.  It  was  burnt  on  the  iftof  Jan< 
1776,  by  the  Liverpool  man  of  war,  by 
order  of  the  Britilh  governor  Lord  Dun- 
mori  ;  and  the  lofb  amounted  to  £300,00* 
fterliiig.  It  now  contains  al>out  500 
dwelling  houfe.s,  a.  court-houfc,  gaol,  an 
Epifcopal  and  Methodift  church,  a  thea- 
tre, and  an  academy.  It  contains  4,22! 
free  inhabitants,  and  2,7154  flaves.  The 
town  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  icveral 
aldermen.  It  carries  on  a  briflc  trade  to 
the  VV.  Indies,  Europe,  and  the  different 
States,  and  conflitutts,  with  Portfmouth, 
which  ft.uids  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the 
river,  a  port  <  T  entry.  The  exports  for 
one  year,  cndingSept.  30th,  1794, amount- 
ed to  i,66o,7j2  dollars.  A  canal,  of  16 
miles  in  length,  is  now  cutting  from  the  N 

b.-iinck 


branch  of 

lina,  to  the 

abeth  Rivei 

Elizabeth  I 

Merchant  v( 

within  a  mil 

and  here  the 

.which  docs 

Morfolk  an< 

them.    It  i< 

mond,  54  fr< 

SuOblk,  and 

N  lat.  36  55 

,-.  NorfiUk,  a 

Conneijlicut 

the  Maflachi 

habitants.  . 

Nor/M  Cu 
ed  on  the  N 
and  the  rive: 
Erie,  until  it 
the  Orwell  Ri 
.N  16  degrees 
Thames,  and 
Until  it  meets 
CO.  of  York. 
,     Norman,  Ca 
foundland  Ifla 
rcnce,  and  th< 
nay  of  Mauco 
rol.  N  lat.  51 
water  at  full  1 
Norcnba  IJlt 
Pacific  Ocean, 
and  long.  32  ^ 
tecond  voyage 
but  did  not  fir 
Norridgetuoc 
CO.  on  Kcnneb 
tated  in  i>88, 
ante.    It  is  10 II 
iof  Augufla. 
name  flood 
Halifax,  where 
cend  it,  after 
to  the  N,  ant 
town  flood, 
under  Col.  H; 
Norriton  or  J\ 
in  Moutgomer 
ao  mile*  N  W 
bank  of  the  Sc 
i'ompaA  hoisft 
and  a  handfom 
preftrvation  of 
tory.     Ti»''s  to 
and  was  the  re 
philolopher  atit 
tiittenhauft.     In 
Wianfion  houfc, 
Voii,I. 


al 


i 


lei 


NOR 


NOR 


Wanch  of  Albemarle  Sound  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, to  the  waters  of  the  S  branch  of  Eliz- 
abeth  River.  It  will  communicate  with 
Elizabeth  River  9  miles  from  Norfolk. 
Merchant  veiTels  of  the  Urged  fize  may  go 
within  a  mite  from  the  moutbof  the  canal; 
and  here  the  water  being  frefli,  the  worm, 
.ivhich  doei  fo  much  damage  to  vefTelt  in 
)<orfolk  and  Portfmouth,  will  not  afTetft 
them.  It  i(  114  miles  £  S  £  of  Rich- 
mond, 54  i^rom  Williamfburg,  30  N  £  of 
SuflTolk,  and  389  S  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  36  SS,  W  long.  76  a8. 
,.  Norftik,  a  townlhip  in  Litchfield  co, 
Connei^icut,  l^  miles  N  of  Litcliiield  on 
the  Maflachufetts'  line.  It  hat  1749  in> 
habitants.  . 

Norfolk  C$u»ty,  in  U.  Canada,  Is  bound- 
ed  on  the  N  and  £  by  the  co.  of  Lincoln 
and  the  river  Thames,  on  the  W  by  L.  I 
Erie,  until  it  meets  the  Barbue,  (called  .' 
the  Orwell  River)  thclice  by  a  line  running 
.N  16  degrees  weft  until  it  interfedb  the 
Thames,  and  thence  up  the  faid  river 
Until  it  meets  the  N  W  boundary  of  the 
CO.  of  York.  Smyth. 

Norman,  Cape,  on  the  TV'  ccaft  of  Hc^' 
foundland  Ifland,  is  oh  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  the  W  entrance  of  the  harrow 
bay  of  Mauco,  20  leagues  from  Cape  Fer- 
rol.  N  lat.  51  39,  W.  long.  55  58.  High 
water  at  full  and  change  at  9  o'clock. 

JNoronba  Ifiand,  Ferdinaode,  ill  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  Uid  down  in  lat.  3  56  % 
and  long.  3  a  38  W.     Capt.  Cook,  in  his 
tecond  voyage^  looked  fbt  it  in  long.  32  j,  i 
but  did  not  nnd  it.  | 

JVbrWi^/xiM'f,  a  port  town  in  Kenncbcck  ' 
CO.  on  K«nnebcck  river,  Miiine,  incorpo- 
tated  in  1^88,  and  contains  6.';3  inhahit- 
ahtt.  It  is  10  miles  W  of  Canaan,  35  N  W 
iof  Augurta.  The  Indian  town  of  this 
name  flood  about  40  miles  above  Fore 
Halifax,  where  Kenncbcck  R,  as  you  af- 
cend  it,  after  taking  a  S  W  courfe,  turns 
to  the  N,  and  forms  a  poinc  where  the 
town  rtood.  )t  was  dcftroycd  by  a  party 
under  Col.  Harman  in  17  Z4. 

Norriton  or  Norrijlon^  the  principal  town 
in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfyivania,  ib  abovt 
KO  miles  N  W  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  N 
bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  having  about  20 
i.ompaA  houfet>  a  court  houfe  and  gaol, 
and  a  handlome  edifice  of  Aone  for  the 
preftrvation  of  records,  and  an  obfcrva- 
tory.  Th'R  town  has  9x2  inhabitants, 
and  was  the  rtlideiicc  of  that  celcbrAtcd 
plulnlbphet  aticl  philanthrupifl.Dr.  David 
kUtenbouft.  In  hib  Obferviitory,  ncnr  his 
m^nlion  houfe,  he  was  interred,  agrcca- 

Vou.  I.  i  Bub 


biy  to  his  requeft,  June,  1796.  Hin  tomb- 
rtone  contains  nothing  but  his  name  and 
the  finiple  record  of  the  days  and  year* 
of  his  birth  and  death.  "  Here,  (fays  the 
elegant  writer  of  his  eulogy.  Dr.  Rujl) 
fhall  the  philofuphcrs  of  future  ages  rcfort 
to  do  homage  to  his  tomb,  and  children 
yet  unlwrntliail  point  to  the  dome  whicb 
coven  it,  and  exulti^gly  fay,  "  There  liea 
our  RiUinUufc^ 

North   America   comprchecJs  all  tliat 
part  of  the  continent  of  America  which 
lies  K  of  the  irthmus  of  Darien,  extending 
N  and  iB  from  about  the  loth  dcg.  of  M 
lat.   to  the  K'ortii  Pole ;  and  E  and  W 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
between  the  57th  and  i68ih  deg.  of  W 
long,  from  Greenwich.    Beyond  the  70th 
degree  N  lat.  few  difcnveries  have  bccii 
made.    North  America  was  difcovered  ia 
1495,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  by  John 
Cabot,  a  Venetian ;  and  was  thtn  thicklr 
inhabited  by  Indians.     It  is  now  fuppofeil 
that  there  are  not  more  than  two  millione 
and  an  half  of  the  aborigines  in  N.  aud 
S.  America.     In  July,  1779,  Capt.  C'jok, 
and  fince   Capt.  Vancouver  and   many 
others,  have  explored  and  dcfcribed  the 
wcftern  tfoaft  of  N.  America.    The  formef 
proceeded  as  far  as  lat.  7 1,  when  he  came 
to  a  folld  body  of  ice  from  continent  to 
continent.      The   interior  country   hat 
been  explored   by  McfTrs.   Hearne  and 
Mackenzie.  The  former  went  northward 
to  the  Frozen  Ocean,at  the  moutb  of  Cnp« 
permine  River.    The  latter  embarked  at 
Fort  Chepcwyan  on  the  b  of  the  Lake 
ot  the  Hills,  in  lat.  58  40  N,  long,  no 
.^8  W,  in  June>  1789,  in  a  cinoe  of  bircii 
bark,  witii  10  alli)ciatcs,  3  of  whom  were 
in  another  canoe.     His  courfe  was  north- 
wtfterly    to    feck    the    Fro/.cn    Oci;an. 
Mountaiiu  .ind  vallies,  dreary  waftts  and 
\vidc;  iprcading  fvirefls,  lak-.a  and  rivers, 
fucceed  eacli  other  in  his   d';fcription». 
Very  fmall  hands  of  wandering  favigcs 
were   the   only    people    he    difcovcicd. 
After  leaving,  the  Lake  of  the  liiils,  he 
entered  the  blave  Uivcr,  liom  which  hr 
pa<1cd  to  the  Slave  Lnke,  a   larjrc  body 
of  irefli  water,  in  about  lat.  6t  >nd  62  N, 
and  long.  110  to  lao  W.    The  country 
round  wears  a  barren  afpecV.but  produces 
a  great  variety  of  beriici,  and  is  covered 
with  large  trees  of  fpi  uce-piiK'  and  white 
birch.  Where  thefc  are  deflroved, poplars 
fuccced,  though  none  were  Icen  before. 
From  this  lake   lie  cnttred  Mackenzie's 
River,  a  deep  and  fpaciovis  ftrcam.     On 
its  bankt  he  friund  cacampoicnts  of  Kuif- 

tcneaux 


i|  ,:»'    \  i{  I 

WW 


"NO  R. 


NOR 


,  tenfijix  Iii4inn)!.    This  wandering  tribe 
'  fprcad  over   a   vaft  txttnt   of  conntty 
^  'I'lieir  lai';^u;-.j).(^  ie  the  lame  js  that  of  the 
natives  on  tlu.  ^v.^tcrs  of  the  St.  Lawrcnct 
nnil  tlie  coafl  of  I.abi  .ulur.     They  arc  oi 
a  moderate  fixture,,  well  proportioned  and 
'  at^liye.  Their  drefs  i.".  fiir.i-.lccnur.t^nancf 
^open,  and  eyts  black.     'I'hclr  wOniCn  are 
""the  moll  comely  of  f..va.!>i.s,  and  not  inat- 
tentive to  their  own  ptrlons.  but  ftijl  pay 
more  altcntion  to  tlic  d(.cor;iiion  of  the 
'men;    Tliefc  people  are  afTablc,  indulgent 
'to  t!iclr  cliildrtn,  and  hofpitable  ti)  tirAn- 
■gcrs.     Challity   they  conridcr  not   as   a 
virtue  ;  they  ni^ke  ri'niporary  exchange* 
of  wives,  and  a  piolTer  of  th'.ui  to  (Gran- 
gers is  a  pirt  of  their  hcilpitality ;  inccfl 
and  bcflialiiy  are  not   uiiconmion.      Ai 
their  fnnerals  the  niournf.i-s  cut  olf  tliii"- 
hair,  I;;rer,iie   ih .ir   Ci':ih.  lil.icken   th-.ir 
faecs  ;  and  widows,  as  in  t'le  E  ifl,  I'onie 
titritsfacrifioc  thcr.iiclvts      Snickioi',  pre- 
cedes ail  matters   of  i-nporr.ini-e.      'i"hi.. 
lacrcd  rite  l-tsln  rdl  dilli.rcnces  between 
contendhig  pcifons;  it  is  never  violated. 
No  petH)!!   M';  y  join  in  this  folemn  ael:, 
who  has  coliabitcd  wltli  a  woman  witliin 
it4  hours — he  "is  unclean," 

After  proceeding  down  this  river  to 
!at.  69  1  N,  and  about  li.ng.  134  W,  he 
reached  tlie  tide  waters  of  the  Frozen 
Oecan;  but  in  the  middle  of  July  was  for- 
bidden to  proceed  any  further  by  cxten- 
fivc  fields  of  ice,  and  returned  to  Chepcw- 

?'an  Fort,  having  been  ablent  ro2  days, 
n  Oelober,  iy<)'i,  he  proceeded  on  a 
voyage  to  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  I'tom 
the' Lake  of  the  Hills  he  afcended  the 
Peace  River,  wliicli  in  tiic  driefl;  feafon  is 
a  qunrtcr  of  a  mile  in  breadth;  thel'oil 
on  eacli  fide  is  Ifvv  an  J  rich.  Like  oth- 
er unehriftianized  people,  the  Indinns  on 
this  river  praClife  poly;;aniy.  'I'he  wo- 
men arc  in  the  lowefi:  ft't,.  of  d(  bal'cment ; 
more  indecent  and  fdtiiy  ih'.n  the  men. 
The  females  perform  all  the  dnid.jery  al- 
Jotted  to  brutes  in  civilized  Ibeiety,  ex- 
cepting what  aid  they  receive  from  a  few 
final!  dr.gs.  While  the  niei»r.irry  notiiin.ir 
but  agunjhtirwivtsanddKUjjhters  folk  v 
withl'uch  opprefllve  burdens,  tli,it  if  tluy 
lay  thtni  down  thty  are  un.ildc  to  railc 
them  agnin.  This  help  rlie  men  will  not 
deign  to  lend  them  ;  they  'iftcn,  therefore, 
Jeanagiiinrta  tree  for  a  partial,  temporary 
relief.  TIkIc  pv;op'e  are  total  {Grangers  to 
the  molt  (anple  reincdic.Wn  time  of  (Ick- 
nefs.  At  their  I'MKrals,  among  other  ex- 
travagant tohi.:-;;  of  giicf,  the  females, 
Svf  the  dca-ih  of  a  favourite  I'vP.!,  or  huf- 


barid,  or  father,  fometimes  cut  olFa  Bftgf  r 
at  the  fir  ft  joint.  .Sonic  of  the  old  %vomci» 
have  not  3  whole  finger  on  cither  hand. 
The  property  of  the  pcrfon  dtccafcd  is 
all  deftroycd,  that  the  fight  of  things  con- 
nci'led  with  him,  may  not  renew  their 
gi  iff.  Thefe  favogcs  arc  great  gamellcrs, 
pnrfuing  the  bufincfs  fomctimcs  forafuc- 
cclljon  of  days  and  niglits. 

In  the  mountains  which  feparate  the 
waters  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans, 
are  fevcral  chafms,  winch  emit  fmokeand 
fire  \\ith  a  fulphurcoiu  fmell.  Findin:j 
the  ftrcams  of  thcwcft  dfd  not  tend  di- 
reiflly  to  rhe  fea,  Mr.  Mackenzie  proceed- 
ed by  land  for  a  confiderable  time,  finld- 
ing  in  general  a  tolerable  road  or  path 
made  by  the  favagcs.  As  he  advanced 
ne.irer  the  ocean,  the  fcttlcmentt  of  the 
natives  were  more  numerous  and  perma- 
nent ;  ihc  manner  of  living  more  com- 
tortablc,  the  (hue  of  foeiety  fomewhat  im- 
proved :  men  took  a  fliare  in  domeftic 
l,iboiirf!,  and  women  were  more  rtfpe<5ted. 
A  rchitei^urc  was  improved  ;  painting  and 
carving  had  made  fome  progrefs.  The 
timber  of  a  houfc  was  fecn  hewn  on  two 
fides;  tbecnd  of  the  ridge-pole  was  carved 
in  the  form  of  a  fnake's  head  ;  the  inlide  of 
feveralbuildings  were  decorated  withpain- 
ted  hieroglyphics.  In  fome  of  their  villages 
are  temples  fupportcd  by  pillars,  carved 
in  the  fhape  of  men.  Tncfe  are  painted 
black  and  red.  Their  waters  arc  (lorcd 
with  falmon,  and  they  hofpitahly  invite 
the  ftranger  to  fltare  in  their  plenty :  a 
variety  of  berries  enrich  the  feaft.  Cop- 
per, iron  and  brafs  arc  frequently  fecti 
near  the  lea,  which  the  natives,  had  pur- 
chafed  of  European  fltips.  The  foil  it 
good ;  alder  trees  arc  7^  ^cct  in  circum- 
ference and  40  feet  without  a  branch  ; 
cedars  are  24  feet  it»  circumference  and 
projiortionably  high.  Willows,  fprucc, 
l)ircii,  and  hemlock  are  common.  Their 
cauoes  of  cedar  carry  50  perfons.  In 
fome  inftances,  when  a  pcrfon  dies  he  ii 
buried  till  another  of  the  family  lliall  de- 
ceafe,  then  he  is  taken  up  and  burned, 
.  -d  the  othrr  perfon  laid  in  the  fame 
grave.  'J'hey  believe  in  a  good  and  evil 
Spirit,  and  have  fealbns  for  public  and 
private  worfliip.  Inlat.  52  21  33, and  Ion. 
i28  a  W.  Mr.  Mackenzie  reached  the 
grciU  Pacific  Ocean,  and  with  Vermillion 
infer ibcd  <m  the  fide  of  a  rock  by  the 
lb  ore — 
''  .'Ui\a;tilr  Maclcnaicfrcm  Canadt iy  lariJ, 

the  fivcr.iy-fccdmli'fjuly,  one  thaufanJ 
/tvinbundrtdand  ninety  tbrtc" 
■     '  V'  ■ .-  .  Tbi 


NOR 


NOR 


The  vafl  ItaA  of  country,  lyUig  on  the 
l>a(^ifiL-  Ocean,  and  N  W  of  the  U.  States, 
extending  m  far  N  as  the  couutry  is  hali- 
irablc,  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  various  na- 
tions and  tribes  ot' Indians.  The  bulian-) 
alfo  poflefs  Luge  tra«fU  of  country  within 
the, bpaiiilli,  American,  and  Uritilh  do- 
minions, 'i'hofe  parts  of  N.  America, 
not  inhabited  by  Indians,  belong  (ifwc 
include  Grcr.nlund)  to  Denmark,  Great 
Britain,  the  American  States,  and  S()ain. 
Spain  claims  the  Floridas,  New  Mexico 
and  Califcrnia.  Great  Britain  claims  all 
the  countty  inha!)ited  by  Europeans,  ly- 
ing N  and  £  of  the  U.  iitates,  except 
'Greenland,  which  belongs  to  Denmark, 
The  remaining  part,  including  Loulfiana, 
is  the  territory  of  the  U.  States.  The 
particular  provinces  and  Statci  arc  ix- 
hibited  in  the  following 

TABLE. 

Be- 
.ong 

f  c 

§  ^Weft  Greenland,      about 

^^ 

'New  Britain 

Upper  Canada        about 

Lower  Ctnada  do. 

Newfoundland  do. 


Countriii,  Prov- 

iiit't),  aiiU 

States. 


in/j,iNt- 


10,000 


3  1  Cape  Breton  Ifland   do. 


do, 


New  Brunfwick       ") 

Nova  Scotia        ">    j 

.St.  John's  Ifland  J     in 

1800 
do. 
do. 
do. 


unknown 

8o,coo 

150,000 

7,000 

I.QCO 


'Vermtmt  in 

New  Hampfliire 

Maflachufetts        "> 

Diftriii^  of  Maine  j 

Rhode  Ifland 

Coinietfticiit 

New  York 

New  Jerky 

Pennl'ylvauia. 

Delaware 

Masylaud 

Virj^inia 
S  i  Kentucky 
»>  I  Nortli  Carolina 

•South  Carolina 

Ccotjjia 

'renncfTee 

Ohio 


do. 

00. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

iHo. 

do. 

do, 

do. 

do. 

dt). 

d.\ 

do. 

do. 


35.000 

X723.    5.000 

154,465 
183,858 

4»».845 

^51,719 

69,17,1 

•.i57.C02 
586,050 

aii,i-l9 

6o2,j,j5 

64,-173 
34  y. ova 
8S6,i49 

230,i/3y 
478,10.1 

345  9-:'; 

io_-,6oa 
4'«.»59 


fEM  Florida 

I  Wtft  Morida 

.  •{  N(w  Mexico 


Wayne  C('initVjadiftjiicl:>  ,  , 

r^  • '  >do.  3, ■zoo 

Govtrniiunt  ^  -" 

Indiana  Territory,  N  W  7   1  / 

r /3i  •     T»-  S  do.  0,407 

of  (%(iio  River  j  '^    ' 

Miflifippi  Tcriit(jry       do.  8,84.: 

<  LouiUana,  lately  iiur-  )  „     ,  ... 

chafed  by  the  U.Statcs.  i  '^^ *' 'V"'-'-- 


uivknown 
do. 

3  ,  - — —  ;  d*>. 

o  I  Citilornia  '  do. 

•    (_  Mexico,  or  New  Spain  do. 

Kot t/jiiKip'cti^  :i  lari'c  I'.nevcn  county  of 
Ptnnfylvinia  ;  in  the  N  11  cnrner  of  the 
State, on  Dth'ware  River,  which  Rparate* 
it  from  N.  Jtrfcy  and  N.  York.  It  is  di- 
vided into  17  townfliips,  and  contains 
30,062  inhabitants. 

A'u/t/j.im/'icn,  a  townfliip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennlylv.ini.i,  has  943  inli,i!>it,ints. 

Norib,jni;tt(,n,  a  town  in  N(»ith;miptou 
CO.  Pcrmfylvaiiia,  on  tlic  S  W  bank  of 
Lehigh  Rivt  r,  5  or  6  niiies  S  W  of  Btth- 
Itheni.     It  W.is  573  inhabttants. 

Nortli.nnjttrin,  a  co.  of  Halifax  diftrldt, 
N.  Car4)lin,i,  bounded  N  by  the  State  of 
Virginia,  containing  12,331  inhabitants, 
including  6,206  floves. 

Noithtimhto:!,  a  maritime  co.  of  Virq;in- 
ia,  on  the  jioint  of  the  pcninfuLi,  wJiich 
forms  the  E  fide  ot  the  entrance  into 
Chcfapcak  Bay.  It  has  the  ocean  E,  and 
Accomack  county  on  the  N.  Its  l^mth- 
trn  extremity  is  Cape  Charles,  in  hit.  37 
11  N,  and  long.  75  57  W,  ofF  which  i.s 
the  fmall  ifland  called  Smith's  Ifland. 
Tiiis  county  contains  3,585  free  inhabit- 
ants, and  3,1/8  flaves.  The  lands  are  low 
and  fandy. 

Noitbitvil>ton  Ccttrl  Houfc,  in  the  above 
CO.  where  a  poi't  oiTice  is  kept,  is40n)ilc!« 
S  by  \V  of  Acccmack  court  hoiife,  43  N 
E  of  Norfolk,  and  239  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Ntirtl.aKifton,  a  refpedlable  pofl  town 
and  capitiil  (,f  Hampfl\ire  co.  Rlafl'achu- 
fetts,  fitUc'tc'.l  within  a  bend  of  Connct^i- 
cnt  river,  o;i  its  \V  (idc,  40  miles  N  of 
Hartford,  an  !  97  W  of  Bofton.  It  con- 
tains a  I'p  iciiiui  congregational  church,  a 
court  lioni'c,  g'<ot,p.nd  shoot  250dwel!ing- 
liciifts,  many  cX  whifh  are  hanurf):)ie 
ijiiililiiigs.  its  nie.'.dou's  arc  cxtcnlivc  and 
fertile-,  ;):'.d  it  carries  on  a  coiifultrahlc 
inlind  trailc.  This  townlliip  was  incor- 
porated in  1 0^5,  aiid  contains  2,190  in- 
h.'.bitaiits. 

N.'-ihampion^  a  townlhip  in  Burlington 
CO.  N.Jerfty,  which  contains  about  56,000 
aLTL-i,  halt  of  wliicli  is  under  improvR- 
mcnt,  the  other  hiUIi  niorHy  pine  barren. 
i'hc  tliicf  place  in  tiie  ti>v.'nl]iip  !•  called 
Mount  Holly,  It  contains  ai>out  150 
hoiifcs,  an  Epirco[)i<l  church,  a  Friend's 
meeting-houfc,  and  a  markct-liouli;.  It  is 
az  miles  from  'iVtnton,  and  20  from  Pliit- 
i'delphia.     Sec  /,/■(,«/.•;  I-LHy. 

Ntrtubiitbiigi:,  A  to'.vulliip  in  Worcsftcr 

"       C9. 


■i!|; 


m^A 


NOR 


NOR 


CO.  Maflichufetts,  forqierly  the  northera 
part  of  Weftbo;  nugh.  It  \vas  iiicorpi'ra- 
tfd  in  1760,  and  cotTAins  698  iulial>it;u)t8. 
It  i«  lo  miles  E  of  Worcefler,  and  36  \V 
pf  Bofton. 

tlortbii  ir/ge,  3  townfliip  ip  Worcefler 
CO.  Maflaelmfetts,  taken  from  Uxbridgc, 
which  bounds  it  on  tlie  S.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  17  72, and  contains  544  inhab- 
itants. '  Blackftone  River  runs  through 
thi<  town.  It  is  13  miles  S  by  E  of  Wor- 
ccft'  r,  and  45  S  W  of  BoQon. 

^T'.r/A  Co?r.'/';,,r,  one  of  tl\c  V.  Stntcs,  is 
botinded  N  by  Virginia  ;  K  by  the  Atlan- 
tic Occsn  ;  S  hy  S.  Carolina,  and  W  by 
the  State  of  Ttiinoflte.  Tt  lies  between 
25  50  and  .■;6  30  N  lat.  and  between  76 
I  and  83  8  \V  long,  being  about  450  miles 
in  length,  and  iSoin  breadtli,  containing 
about  34,000  fquare  miles.  The  diftritas 
of  this  State  are  clafTcd  in  3  divlfions, 
viz.  The  Eaf.crn  difliridts,  PJeriion,  Netv- 
terii  and  JVilmirgUM — the  Middle  diftndls, 
Fayeiteville,  HiUJhoroughy  and  Halifax— and 
the  U^rfsrn  diftri(5ts,  Morgan  and  Silljburyi. 
The  caftern  difl:ri<fls  arc  nn  tlic  fea-coaft, 
extending  from  the  Virginia  line  fouth- 
ward  to  S.  Carolina.  The  five  others 
cover  the  whole  State,  Wbf  the  maritime 
diftrirts;  and  the  greater  part  of  them  ex- 
tend acrofs  the  State  from  N  to  S.  Thefe 
diflriils  are  fiibdivideci  into  58  counties, 
which  contain  4/8,103  inhabitants,  of 
whonn  133,296  arc  fia^'cs.  The  chief  Wwr/ 
olN.Caroiina  are  Chowan  and  it?  branch- 
ff,  RoanoTtc,Tar,  Ne'is.arid  Cape  Fear  or 
Clarendon.  Mart  of  tbtff  and  the  fnialler 
rivers  have  '>.irs  at  their  motith.i ;  and 
the  coaft  furr:itl;cs  no  good  lisrhours  ex- 
ctpt  <pai>e  r.;i.r.  There  are  ircmarhabfc 
Jivamps  in  this  St'ite,  the  one  in  Curri- 
f.ick  CO.  the  other  on  the  line  between 
this  State  and  Virgin!;!.  Zcl  Cutriiuck 
County,  and  Difmal.  Thcn;r>il  re'.narkable 
rrmnds  .ire  All'citiaric,  Pamiieo  and  'Core 
Sound? — the  c;;^"*.f, I.ookoiitjHatteras  and 
Fear;  which  nre  d- rcrllud  under  their 
I'tipct'live  n.»mes.  Ncv.i)trn  is  the  lar- 
cjeft  tov.  n  in  the  St.ite  :  ilit  other  towns 
of  note  .ire  lul.nton,  V/il.iiiiigton,  Haii- 
fax,  Hilliborouph,  .^  )l^n:i:ry  and  Fayette- 
villi  ■  'each  rf  whlcU  h;'vc  been,  in  their 
r'ltn?,  the  ft'.-it  of  the  f-fner.-.!  aflcnibly 
Ral*igh,  fitiK'tcd  near  tlie  centre  of  the 
.Stiitc,' 1,1^'  i^.tely  been  cflaWillud  as  tlie 
jnttropc'is,  .ind  heie  the  tlti'verfity  of 
the  folate  i>  tflil)lini(.d.  '  N.  Carolina,  in 
itj:  whole  v.-'dih,  for  60  niilfs  from  the 
fea,  ii"  a  deiid  kvel.  A  KfC"t  proportion 
of  this  traft  lit&  in  forcd:..  and  is  baircn. 


On  the  banks  of  fome  of  the  t ivem,  par. 
ticularly  of  the  Roanoke,  the  land  is  fer- 
tile and  good.  IntcrTperfcd  through  the 
other  parts  "arc  glades  of  rich  Iwanip; 
and  ridgea  of  oal^Tand,  of  a  black,  fcitile 
foil.  Sixty  or  So  miles  from  the  fea,  th^ 
country  rifes  into  hills  and  mountains,  ^i 
in  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oat<  and  flax,  ^tow  well  in 
the  back  hilly  country.  Indian  corn  and 
pulfe  of  all  kinds,  in  all  parts.  Cotton 
and  hemp  are  alfo  confidenibly  cultivated 
here,  and  liiight  be  railed  in  much  great- 
er plenty.  The  cotton  is  phnted  ycarlv  .- 
The  ftalic.dics  with  the  froft.  Thfc'  libour 
o'f  one  man  will  produce  1000  pounds  iii 
the  feeds,  or  250  fit  for  manufadluring. 
The  labour  of  a  man  and  horfe  will  pro- 
duce 700  bufliels  of  Indian  corn  annually. 
Vines  flourilli  here,  and  promife  to  be  an 
article  of  profit.  The  wine  is  not  infe- 
rior to  Port.  A  great  proportion  of  the 
produce  of  the  back  country,  coiifilling 
of  tobacco,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &c.  is  car- 
ried to  market  in  S.  parolina  and  Virgin- 
The  fouthern  interior  counties  carry 


la 


their  produce  to  Charlcdon,  and  the 
northern  to  Petcrfburg,  in  Virginia.  The 
exports  from  the  lower  parts  of  the  State 
are  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  rofln,  Indian 
corn,  boards,  fcantling,  ftaves,  fliingles,' 
furs,  tobacco,  pork,  lard,  tallow,  bees-wax, 
myrtle-wax,  and  a  few  other  articles, 
amounting  in  the  year  ending  Sept.  30th, 
1791.  to  524,548  dollars  ;  in  1801,  lo 
659,390  dollars.  '  Their  trade  is  chiefly' 
with  the  Weft  Indies  and  the  liorthcrn 
States. '  In  the  flat  country  Hear  the  fta- 
coaft,  the  inhabitant's,  during  the  Aimmcr 
and  autumn;  are  fubjct5l  to  intermitting 
fevers,  which  often  prove  fatal,  as  bilious 
or  rif  rvoos  fymptoms  prevail.  The  weft- 
em  hiliy  parts  of  the  State  are  aS  healthy 
as  any  part  of  America,  That  country 
is  fertile,  full  of  fpring.";  and  rivulets  of 
pure  water.  Autumn  is  very  pleafant, 
both  in  regard  to  the  temperature  and 
ferenity  of  the  weather,  and  the  richritfs 
and  rnVicty  of  tF\e  vegetable  proditfkions, 
which  the  feafon  afl'ord.s.  The  winters  are 
fo  mild  in  fome  years,  that  autifmn  may 
be  faid  to  continue  till  fpririg.  Wheat 
hnivft  w  in  the  beginning  of  June,  and 
tint  of  Indian  corn  early  in  September. 
The  l.uge  natural  growth  of  the  plains, 
in  tlie  low  conntry,  is  .ilmoft  univerfally 
pitch  pine,  which  is  a  tall  handrome  tree, 
far  Uiperior  to  the  pitch-piiie  of  the  ror- 
tliern  States.  Thin  tret  may  be  called 
the  (liiplc  commodity  of  N.  Carolina.    It 

affoi  ds 


tffotAt  p! 
inds  of  1 
tute  at  lea 
State.     N 
and  red  < 
abound  w 
fatter  is  ai 
cattle  in  w 
Jn  the  mil 
which  diiF 
ers.    It  ne 
on  the  toi 
inay  be  fo 
the  tree,  a 
It  is  an  ev 
box- wood. 
rctJgiVirg 
faparilla,  ; 
foots.    Th 
lina  was  j 
JTcveral  iro 
furnaces  ii 
and  a  prop 
In  the  mat 
religions  at 
odift.    Th( 
which  havi 
40  years,  ai 
terians  fror 
ants  of  peo 
and  are  exc 
trines,  dtfcij 
of  Scotland 
diiftrious  p 
fcveral  flou 
per  part  o 
Quakers  h; 
den  in  Gu 
gations  at 
The  Methf 
r'ous  and  ini 
t)Iy  of  N.  C 
i»  law  incor 
fcach  diftriif 
of  N.  Car( 
Jiandfomc 
6f  thisfcmi 
in  Dec.  175 
tees,  to  en; 
ately  with 
Very  good  a 
er  in  Willii 
3  or  4  othe 
note.    Nor 
growfh. 
\i\xx.  about 
the  number 
It  is  now. 
State  in  the 
f  f  this  Stat 


NOR 


NOR 


alFordt  pitrh,  tar,  turpentine,  and  rartous 
Kinds  of  lumber,  which,  together,  con(li> 
tute  at  lead  one  half  of  the  exports  of  this 
State.     No  country  produces  finer  white 
and  red  oak  for  ftavea.      The  fwamps 
abound  withcyprefs  and  bay  trees.     The 
fatter  is  an  evergreen,  and  it  food  for  the 
cattle  in  winter.  The  Mifslctoe  is  common 
in  the  middle  country.     This  is  a  fhrub, 
which difFersin1cind,pcrhaps,from  all  oth- 
ers.   It  never  grows  out  of  the  earth,  hut 
on  the  tops  of  trees.    The  roots  (if  they 
imay  be  (o  called)  run  under  t1ie  bark  of 
ihe  tree,  and  incorporate  with  the  wood. 
tt  it  an  evergreen,  refembling  the  giirden 
box-wood.' '  In  many  parts  ate  found  gin- 
feifgl  Virginia  and  Seneca  fnake-ruot,  i'ar- 
faparilla,  and  other  medical'  plants  and 
roots.    The  late  war,  by  which  N.  Caro- 
lina was  greatly  injured,  put  a  (lop  to 
feveral  iron  works.    There  are  4  or  5 
furnaces  in  the  State,  that  arc  in  blafl, 
and  a  proportionable  number  of  forges. 
In  the  maritiaie  diflridlt  the  prevailing 
religions  are  the  Epifcopalian  and  Meth- 
odic.   The  wenern  parti  of  this  State, 
ivhich  have  been  fettled  within  the  lad 
40  years,  are  chiefly  inhabited  by  Prefby- 
tcrians  from  Pcnnfylvania,  the  defcend- 
antt  of  people  from  the  North  of  Ireland, 
and  are  exceedingly  attached  to  the  doc- 
trines, difcipline  and  ul'ages  of  the  church 
of  Scotland.    They  are  a  regular  and  iu- 
dudrious  people.     The  Moravians  have 
feveral  flourifliing  fettlements  in  the  up- 
per part  of  the  State.    The  Friends  or 
Quakers  have  a  fettlemcnt  in  New  Gar- 
den in  Guilford  co.  and  feveral  congre- 
gations at  Pcrquimins  and  Pafquotank. 
The  Method!  fts  and  Baptifls  arc  nume- 
rous and  incre.ifing.    The  General  Aflem- 
bly  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Dec.  17 Sj,  pafTcd 
ii  law  incorporating  4P  gentlemen,  5  from 
tach  diftri«5l,  as  truftees  of  the  Univcrhty 
of  N.  Carolina.  '  The"  State    has  given 
tinndfomc  donations  for  the  endowment 
6f  this  feminary.    The  General  Afllmbly, 
in  Dec.  1791,  loaned  ^Sfi^O  to  the  truf- 
tces,  to  enable  them  to  proceed  immedi- 
ately with  their   buildings.     There  is  a 
t^crygood  academy  at  Warrenton,  anoth- 
er in  WilliamfborouRh,  in  Granvill^,  and 
3  or  4  others  in  the  State,  of  confiderable 
note.    North  Carolina  hat  had  a  rapid 
growfh.     In  the  year  1710,  it  contained 
but  about  I2CO  fenfible  nicn.     In   1794, 
the  number  waseftimatcd  at  nho\xl(  jo.ooo, 
it   is  now,  in  point  of  numbers,  the  fifth 
State  in  the  Unirn.     By  the  conftitution 

fif  this  State,  which  was  tiitified  in  Dec. 


1796,  all  legillative  authority  is  verted  ii| 
two  diftin<fl  branches,  both  dependent  oq 
the  people,  via.  a  StHatc  and  Houfe  of 
Commojis,  which,  whcq  convened  for 
bufincfs,  are  rtylcd  tl.c  General  AlVcmbly. 
Thefenate  is  compofcil  of  rcprcfentatives, 
j  I  from  each  co.  choitn  :inii\ially  by  bal- 
ii  lot.  The  houl'e  of  conimuns  confiiu  of 
reprelcntative?  chofen  in  the  fame  way, 
a  for  each  county,  and  one  for  each  of 
the  towns  of  F.dc nton.Ncw  bcrn,  Wilming- 
ton, Salifbury,  Hilhboroiigh,  Halifax,  an4 
R-iyctteville.  The  hiftory  of  N.  Carolina 
is  lefs  known  tlian  that  of  any  other  of  the 
States.  From  the  befl  accounts  that  hilbrjr 
affords  the  firft  permanent  I'ettlement  iti 
N.  Carolina  was  made  about  the  year 
1710,  by  a  number  of  Palatines  Irom 
Germany,  who  had  been  reduced  to  cir- 
cumftances  of  great  indigence,  by  a  ca- 
lamitous war.  The  infant  colony  re- 
mained under  the  general  government  of 
S.  Carolina,  till  about  the  year  1729,  whea 
7  of  the  proprietor;,  for  a  valuable  con^ 
fideration,  verted  their  property  and  ju- 
rifdidlion  in  the  crown ;  and  the  colony 
was  ereifted  into  a  feparate  province,  by 
the  name  of  N.  Carolina,  and  its  prefent 
limits  ertablifhed  by  an  order  of  George  If. 

Nertb  Cafile,  a  townlhip  of  WcftChefter 
CO.  N.  York,  N  of  Mount  Pleafant,  and 
the  White  Plains  on  the  borders  of  Con- 
nedticut.   It  contains  1,168  inhabitants. 

North  Eaft,  a  fmail  river  which  empties 
in  at  the  head  of  Chefancak  Bay,  about  5 
miles  below  Charlertown;  only  noticeable 
for  the  quantity  of  herrings  caught  in  it. 

North  E,aji  To-wn,  in  Dutchefs  co.  New 
York,  about  90  miles  N  of  N.  York  city ; 
between  Rhynbuck  and  Connecticut  weft 
line.    It  contains  3,2J2  inhabitants. 

Nortli  Edifo  Inlet,  on  thecoallof  South 
Carolina,  is  ii  miles  from  Stono  Inlet, 
and  3  E  N  E  from  South  Edirto. 

North  End,  Matthcw'^county,  Virginia, 
Here  is  a  poll  oUkc,  185  miles  liom 
Walhington. 

Northern  Indians,  thofe  wandering  tribes 
which  inhabit  that  rtgion  of  N.America, 
which  lies  between  lat.  59  and  68  N,  be- 
ing 500  miles  wide,  bounded  E  by  Hud- 
fon's  Bay,  W  l.y  the  country  of  the  Ath- 
apufcow  Indians  ;  by  Churchill  R.  S,  and 
by  the  Dogribbed  and  Copper  Indians  N. 
In  their  perfons  they  arc  generally  above 
the  common  fizc,  rtroug  bttt  not  corpulent. 
Tliey  are  neither  atftive  not  lively  in  thtii* 
difpofitions.  They  have  very  low  fore- 
heads, fmall  eyes,  high  cheek  bones,  Ro- 
man nofct,  full  checki>,and  generally  long, 

bro^d 


'(• 


-.'  .       ■  ■' 


NOR 


NOR 


ibroiid  ch'ms.  They  have  3  or  4  parallel 
^rokcs  marked  buck  uu  each  ciic«k. 
They  arc  moroli,  covctcus  and  un^ifttc- 
fui-  Always  pleading  jnivcrty,  tliey  ari. 
xnaftcrt  of  dec«ptit)n.  Wh;n  ilicy  vifi: 
the  F.iiglilli  fat^urics.to  obtain  titcir  willi- 
,ci>,  they  will  groan,  ligh,  and  Ihtd  Uar», 
isiilct  to  be  lame,  biJncl,  bathe  one  check 
in  tear*,  while  tlic  other  txl.il)i»»  a  lignif- 
icant  (mile.  The  lead  rtlp  cl  renders 
them  intolerably  inib-eut.  'lliey  willdif- 
^uifc  their  pcrfnns,  chhufi.c  tlitir  ;i.iiu'f, 
and  luhorn  falfc  wiincilcs  to  evade  the 
pajment  of  an  honed  tltlii.  'jtill  they 
have  I'ome  gooel  cjualitles ;  being  niild, 
temperate  in  drinkiiig,  never  guiity  01 
riot  and  violence.  Their  marriage*  arc 
not  attcn('td  with  any  ceremony.  The 
«'omcn  liavc  noehoiec,  but  arc  betrothed 
by  their  parents  in  childhood.  Meu  40 
years  old  often  have  wive>  10  or  12.  A 
inan  has  as  many  wives  as  he  pleafes,  who 
perform  all  the  drudgery,  and  iiai  dell  la- 
bour. The  men  are  jealous,  and  divorces 
*re  common.  The  only  ceremony  for 
this  is  a  drubbing,  and  turning  the  woman 
out  of  doors.  There  are  certain  periods 
when  the  women  are  not  allowed  to 
dwell  in  the  fame  tent  with  fheir  hut- 
bands.  At  thofc  times  tlicy  .;:  t  ibliged 
to  build  a  fmall  hovel  for  tli  :mi'elves. 
The  women  fometimes  turn  this  cuftom 
to  tKcir  account  :  wlun  they  wifli  to 
leave  tlicir  hn{ban<^J,  ility  have  only,  as 
is  nccefiVry  at  thofc  periods,  to  creep  un- 
der the  eves  of  the  tent,  for  they  arc  not 
allowed  to  pafs  lhroiij;h  the  door.  Some- 
times d  woman  will  lo  leave  herhuibiotd 
for  4  or  5  d;iys,  tv;o  or  three  times  io  a 
tuonil/.  Deliciicy  on  the  part  of  the  huf- 
taiicl"  <'ori.M(Jsii!4iiiiricM.  At  thefe  periods, 
the  wunun  may  not  walk  on  the  ice  of  a 
river  or  lakr,  »\or  near  the  pi  ice  where 
the  men  arc  hunting  heaver,  nor  near  a 
tiding  net,  which  is  let,  nor  n»ay  they 
«at  the  head  of  any  anijnal,  nor  n:,Ty  thty 
walk  in  (jr  arrc^fs  tlic  track  where  the 
liead  of  a  deer,  iii(H;te,l)cavcr,  and  f(,vi.r- 
iil  other  animals  have  beta  drawn  cr  ear- 
ned. Many  of  thofc  ritople  boil  fhtir 
food  in  vellels  of  I.iich  biiik,  by  c«!iini!; 
in  hot  ftoncs,  ami  niteii  .'or  want  of  wiiiiti 
their  meat  and  iijh  are  eaten  raw.  Ma;- 
licc  ;'.nd  Mo. id  ate  arnonji  tiuirdaiu- 
The  water  and  wouds  luriiifli  their 
fupport ;  liib  and  ganic  ar.e  plenty.  When 
thtie  f.iil,  a  black,  hard  n.ofj  from  the 
rocks  is  a  fubflif.iue.  'I'i.is  is  boiled, 
and  affords  comfc.ri.'.hk-  nouiillinient. 
*i  heir  principal  direafts  arc  the  i'curvy. 


hi  the  (Uaits  which  unite  two  l.ikes,  thev 
mi"ht   often   unite  a  few   nets  and  fil 


gots, 
ties. 


I  confumption,  and  flux.  They  have  «• 
remedies,  but  the  tricks  of  their  conju* 
ri>ri>.  bupcrllitiou  covers  their  minds 
with  a  difmal  veil.  The  fird  f\f[\  cau]{bt 
in  a  new  net,  mull  be  bi oiled  whole,  uot 
a  joint  broken,  the  bones  burned  entire, 
or  the  net  would  not  be  worth  a  f.irthing. 

y 

a  lew  nets  ana  lu! 
t!ie  channel,  and  catch  every  fitli  that 
Ihouhipafs,  biiL  th':y  featter  them,  faying 
tiiat  o;»>:  net  would  be  jualous  of  anoth- 
er, and  not  a  iiih  would  be  taken.  When 
any  of  their  principal  Indians  die,  it  it 
believed  thi.y  arc  conjured  to  death.  So 
peuetr<ited  are  their  minds  with  the  pow- 
er of  nonjurors  that  only  a  threat  ha* 
bc:ii  known  actually  to  occaiion  death. 
For  u  iieur  friend  they  mourn  a  year. 
Th?  iifad  arc  left  on  the  ground  to  be 
de  .'OL  rtd  by  fowls  and  beaftt.  The  aged 
and  fiek,  who  cannot  travel,  are  left  with 
a  little  water  uud  provifions  to  die  alone. 
The  a^cd  arc  always  treated  with  ncg- 
ledl,  and  fed  with  tKc  meaned  food.  It 
has  ever  been  a  cullom  for  a  man  to 
wredle  for  the  woman  of  his  choice.  A 
weak  hufband  i*  at  thC  mercy  of  every 
neighbour  ftrongcr  than  himfelf  for  the 
poiTdinon  of  his  wife.  He  is  obliged  to 
accept  a  challenge,  and  if  thrown  mud 
refign  the  friend  of  his  life.  A  cuftom 
prevails  of  exchanging  a  night's  lodging 
with  each  others  wives.  This,  inflead  of 
being  eonfidercd  as  a  brutal  crime,  as  tha 
pure  molality  of  the  gofpel  teaches,  is  a 
leal  of  lading  fricndfliip  between  the  two 
families.  When  either  of  the  men  die, 
the  other  confidcrs  himfelf  bound  tofup- 
port  the  family  deprived  of  a  hulband 
and  father.  Two  or  three  fifters  arc  of- 
ten wives  to  the  fame  hufband.  Of  re- 
ligion they  fcem  more  dcftitutc  than  al- 
niofl  any  other  people.  Their  conjurors 
prettiid  to  convcrfc  with  fpirits,  but  nei- 
ther tliey  nor  the  people  have  any  juft 
ideas  of  morals  or  religion.  Nothing  but 
prefciit  ptrl<)nal,or  domenic  evils  diuuib 
their  minds.  Of  futurity  they  fecm  to 
have  no  idea.  To  indulge  their  own  paf- 
fidiis,  and  promote  their  own  interell  are 
their  only  objedts,  total  Arangers  to  tbc 
morality  of  Chriflians,  and  the  benevo- 
lence of  the  gofpel.  How  deiirable  it  is 
that  thd'c  dieaiy  abodes. 9f  pr'^ganif;!?! 
fl)Ou!d  be  cheered  with  the  glad  tidingt 
of  life  and  immortality.  But  of  this  the 
proipedi  is  very  remote,  their  wander- 
ing life,  their  want  of  that  fubordiuatiou 
which  is  common  ever  among  favages, 

anii 


tad  their 
ding  circu 
Ngithtr 
groups  of 
twern  the 
in  Ada,  a: 
ca.    Thef 
count  of  t 
counts  of 
thepi  may 
equality  r 
they  live 
manner,  ar 
illand  aj  : 
which  is  CO 
the  fame  fo 
difTerentin 
an  injury  0 
from  this  p 
inflexible  i 
violent  rcvi 
the  confeq 
prompts  th{ 
Nortbfield 
Vermont,  b 
Newbury,  i: 
It  has  ao4  i 
NortbJtiVif 
N  part  of  1 
on  the  E  fit 
miles  N  of  1 
of  Bofton. 
The  town  w 
fomc  years  ; 
The  inhabit 
but  it  was  f 
time.    In  17 
one  third  o: 
and  incorpo 
dale.    Fort 
of  this  town 
NurthficL', 
en.  N.Hanip! 
on  the  E  fid 
incoiporated 
inhabitant!!. 
NiiitlfKhl, 
Statcn  bland 
inhabitants. 
Nurlhfitd, 
Haven  CO.  C 
office,  10  mil 
Congregatioi 
North   Ha 
Hamplbirc, 
contain*    6j- 
Hampton,  an 
Noitb  ILv 
cut,  iltuated 
fide  of  fiaftl 


uft 

but 

Hib 

to 

paf- 

are 

tUc 

cvb- 

it  \t 

Jings 

the 

dcr- 

tiou 

gcs. 


NOR 

«fi4  tJiejr  preuHar  ftupidity,  are  forbid- 
ding clrcuniftancM.  Henme. 

Ntttbern  Archipelago  confifts  «>f  fcTcral 
groupt  of  illands,  which  arc  fitiiatcd  be- 
tween the  eaftcrn  coaft  «>f  K«mtfeh»tkB, 
in  Afia,  and  the  weftern  couft  of  Ameri- 
ca. Thtfc  iflands  arc  frequented  on  ac- 
count of  their  valuable  fur».  If  the  ac- 
counts of  navigators  who  have  ^  ilited 
then  may  be  credUed,  the  moft  p"rfet5t 
equality  reigns  among  thcfe  iflandcrs; 
they  live  in  the  primitive  patriarchal 
manner,  and  every  perfon  looks  uiMm  his 
ifland  a«  a  poflcirion,  the  property  of 
which  is  common  to  all  the  individuals  ol 
the  fame  fociety.  Tliey  feem  cold  aud  in- 
difFcrent  in  mod  of  their  actions  ;  but  let 
an  injury  or  even  a  fulpicion  ronfe  them 
from  this  phlegmatic  ftate,  they  become 
inflexible  and  furious,  taking  the  moft 
violent  revenge,  without  any  regard  to 
the  confcqueuees.  The  Icaft  affli<aion 
prompts  them  tofuicide. 

NortbfieUy  a  townfliip  in  Oraose  co. 
Vermont,  between  20  and  30  miles  W  of 
Newbury,  in  the  W  part  of  the  county. 
It  has  304  inhabitants. 

NortbJeHf,  a  plcafant  pofl;  town  itt  the 
N  part  of  Ha^pfliire  co.  Maffachufetto; 
on  the  E  fide  of  Conne<ain^Ri»er,  30 
miles  N  of  Northampton,  SAjW'  by  W 
of  Bofton.  It  contains  1 047nllHibitants, 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  16^3,  and 
fomc  years  after  defolated  by  the  Indiaus. 
The  inhabitants  returned  again  in  1685, 
hut  it  was  foon  after  deftroyed  a  fecond 
time.  In  1713  it  was  again  rebuilt,  and 
one  third  of  the  townfljip  was  taken  oflF, 
and  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Hinl- 
dalc.  Fort  Dummcr  was  in  the  vicinity 
of  this  town. 

NurthficU,  a  fmall  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N-Hainpdiire,  tr^ken  from  Canterbury, 
on  the  E  fide  of  Merrimack  River,  and 
incorporated  in  1780.  It  contains  915 
inhabitants. 

Naithfu'lil,  a  townfhip  in  Richmond  co. 
Statcn  illand,  N.  York,  containing  1,387 
intiabit.ints. 

Nurtbfitd,  a  parifli  of  Branford,  New 
Haven  CO.  Coniieiflicut,  where  is  a  port 
office,  10  miles  E  of  N.  Haven.  Here  is  a 
Congregational  and  an  Epiicopal  church. 

North  Hairptm,  a  towilllltp  of  New 
Hamplbirc,  in  Rockingham  co.  which 
oont»in»  653  inhabitants,  taken  from 
H.impton,  and  incorporated  in  174'Z. 

Nuitb  riuven,  a  tcuvnfliip  of  Conneiili- 
cut,  iituated  in  New  Haven  co.  on  ilie  E 
fide  of  E:ift  River,  %  miles  N  by  IL  of  N. 


NOR 

Haven,  and  .5a  .S  by  W  of  HartT^  r*  1^ 
contains  1,1.57  inh;ibit;(ncs.  It  was  kttled 
in  1660  by  ,^5  men,  piiucipally  from.S,iy- 
br«>ok.  This  tuvu  \t  the  binh-place  of 
that  learned,  pious,  .'.tul  excellent  man, 
Dr.  Ezra  Stjl«s,  late  prelident  of  Yale 
College. 

North  Mfmf'ftjrl^A  townfliip  ui  Queen's 
CO.  Long  lfl.iml,  N.  York  ;  boundtrt  eaft« 
eriy  by  Oyfter  Biy,  northerly  by  the 
Sound,  and  S  by  S.  Hempftead.  It  rou- 
taius  2413  inhabitant',  of  whom  ,■.)  jite 
(laves.  In  179ft,  a.?*  of  the  inhaivi  ;iiti 
were  qualilitd  e!c(flor«.  The  fail  is  but 
indifltrent. 

Nrtb  HuHiiijttin,  a  townfliip  In  WrftJi 
morciand  CO.  Pcnnlylvania.  It  has  1,484 
inhabitants. 

North  Ijhn!,  on  the  coif\  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, lies  ou  the  N  fide  of  Winyr.h  Hjrb'n:  r. 
Northlitteil  L,iif,  ill  N.  America,  is  .•■.b otiP 
t6o  miles  R  of  the  head  of  Chclkrfi(.!il 
Inlet ;  is  fuil  of  illauds,  and  about  80  mile* 
long,  and  25  broad. 

North  Kiiigjioivn,  a  town  in  WtfliingJ 
ton  CO.  Rhode  Ifland,  which  carries  on  a 
confidcrablc  trade  in  thefiflicries,  btfide* 
fome  to  the  Wcfl  Indies.  Its  harbour  \« 
called  Wickford,  on  the  W  fldeot  Nsrri- 
ganfet  Bay,  oppofitc  the  N  end  of  Canon- 
icut  Ifland.  It  is  about  8  miles  N  W  of 
Newport,  and  aofoutherlyof  Providence* 
The  townfliip  contains  2,794  inhabitants; 
of  whom  39  are  flaves. 

North  Mtiuiitfirt,  one  of  the  ridn;e5  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which  cxten Jt 
through  Virginia  and  Pennlylv?ni,<. 
There  is  a  curious  fyphon  fountain  irt 
Virginia,  near  the  intcrl'e(fli.>n  of  Lord 
Fairfax'*  boundary  with  the  N.  Mouo- 
tain,  not  far  from  Brock's  Gap,  <in  t!ie 
ftrcam  of  which  is  a  j^rid-mill,  whicb 
grindj  2  buflieis  of  gr..;in  at  every  (lood 
of  the  fpring. 

Northport^  a  to\vnniip  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine  taken'  from  the  northerly  part  of 
Duck  Trap  PUi'tation,  and  incorporated 
in  1796,  h.'.ving  482  inhabitants. 

North  i?c/,ofFthc  irunct  of  St.  Domin- 
go,  ill  the  W,  Indies,  lies  in  iat.  20  33  N, 
and  lono.  69  12  W. 

North  River.  See  ILJf'm  fiivrr. 
Nrth  Rioer,  in  Mafrach'.iiV.tts,  for  itif 
fiic,  is  remark.Tblt  for  i^i  ■.!  nib  "!'  <'HtiT,f 
bfing  in  fonic  places  r-  n;'.'!c  than  40 or 
Sn  ttet  wide,  yet  vcflls  of  300  ton-,  artf 
built  at  Peinbroke, -iiid  flel«i.d  to  McilTd- 
chufetts  Bay,  i'8  miles  dillant,  n?  the  rivff 
ruus.  It  riics  iivlndi.m  Htad  Poiid,  in 
Pembroke,  and  luiis  a  .'"orytiilii  e  i  -.iHrlbJ 
_     ,,.   .   ,„      br;-.vtc» 


1  '  ( 1 

'III 


I 'A 


'  ,1  '> 


S*  M 


1 


■  1  ■' 

■  i'  ■.  ■ 


% 


N  O  K 

ilctwnn  ScituAtc  and  Marfliflcld.  The 
f  ivfr  it  iiaviffRUctor  hoati  to  the  flrft 
ifilll,  5  miles  from  it*  (uitrce.  Thence  to 
the  nearcft  wattri  which  run  into  Taun- 
ton Kivcr,  it  only  3  inilc-t.  A  canal 
to  ^oom^  the  watcri  oftliefe  two  riv- 
«r»,  which  cciininiinicate  with  Nartaganfet 
and  Maflachofctt*  Bi«yt,  would  be  of 
great  utility,  ai  it  would  fave  a  long  and 
danqeriim  navigation  round  Cape  Cud. 

A'tr/A  River,  a  very  copl'iderablc  river 
6f  Nrw  Mexico,  in  N.  Amrrica,  which 
rifin  in  the  N  part  of  it,  aud  diredU  it» 
rourfc  to, the  S  £  Mnd  eniptict  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  W  end,  in  about 
lat.  16  ra  N. 

,  Nertb  River,  a  liranch  of  Fluvanna 
lliver;  in  Virginia.  See  Catb  and  Calf 
Ptftiirt,  , 

North  Salem,  a  townfhip  in  Wed  Chef' 
ter  CO.  New  Yet  I:,  'oppolite  Ridgcficid  in 
ConnedVicut.  It  cuntaint  1,145  >(ihabi> 
tantt.    , 

North  Sea,  is  k  nar.ie  that  hai  been  giv> 
cn  by  fcograplicrt  to  varioua  parts  of  the 
occaitu,  where  they  happen,  to  waQi  the 
northern  parts  of  the  American  continent 
Or  illandf;  Thus,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
sod  the  Atlantic  Occap  farther  to  the  £, 
^om  their  waters  wafliing  the  N  coafl  of 
l^exicoor  New  Spain  in  N<  America,  and 
Terra  FIrma  in  .S.  America,  have  been 
^iflinguidied  by  this  name.  It  hat  alfo 
been  appdtd  to  the  fouthern  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Me:ilico,  in  particular  by  the 
Span!  iicU,  on  their  croIBn?  the  inhmus 
of  D^.ricii,  trom  the  N,to  the  S  cna({,  in 
opp'*Uionto  the  Pacific  Ocean,  to  which 
tnry  give  tilt  n.imc  of  the  South  Sea. 
The  Atlantic  Of'r;in  ilfoon  the  E  coaftof 
N.  America  hr.;.  Iccn  i'omttiines  called  the 
North  Sc'.'i  ;  w!ii.:h  uppcllAtioii  hat  alfo 
been  givtn  to  the  Frojicn  Ocean,  from  its 
bou:Kliiii»  N.  America  on  th;  north. 

I^'ortl)  Sow  J  Piintxt  the  prt.jecling  point 
6f  land  on  the  N  E  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Antigua,  ill  the  W.  Indies,  and  it  about 
S  S  U  from  Long  Idand. 

NortLumbcrlanJ,  .1  town  in  Orafton  co. 
New  Hampn^ire.  fituated  on  the  £  fide 
of  Conncdiicut  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Upper  Amonoofiick  It  was  ineor- 
porntecl  in  ^779,  and  contains  zcj  inhab- 
itants. 

N^rtlumhcrtand,  a  coUnty  of  'Pctinfyl- 
vati!  I,  howided  N  by  Incoming;  Sand 
W  by  Dauphin  and  Mifiiiu  counties.  It 
it  divickd  into  24  townfliips,  and  contains 
a; ,79;   inhabitant*.      Chitf  towhj  Sun> 


NOR 

Ntrtiumierfami,  •  floufintiilg  poft  towo 
in  the  above  couniy,  fituated  on  the  poii^t 
of  land  formed  by  the  jundUon  of  the  E 
and  W  branches  of  the  Sufquehanaah.  It 
it  laid  out  regularly,  and  containi  about 
itohoufes,  a  Prelbyicrian  church,  and 
an  academy.  As  the  country  increafea 
above,  this  will  become  a  place  of  impor- 
tance. It  it  %  milct  N  by  W  of  Sunbury, 
and  134  N  W  by  W  of  PhiladelDhia. 

NorthurrtLarUndf.i  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  ti  by  Chefapcak  Bay,  and  W  by 
Richmond.  It  contain*  3,900  free  in- 
habitantit,  ard  3,903  fl^vei.  T«h«  cburt- 
houfe,  where  a  pod  office  It  kept,  it  i» 
miles  from  Kinlale,  18  from  Lancader 
court  houfe,  86  from!  Frederickfburg, 
and  3 17  from  Philadelphia. 

Norlbumbirlaud.  County,  ill  U.  Canada,  i* 
bounded  011  the  E  by  the  county  of  Hail- 
ingi,  and  the  carrying  place  of  fhe  Pref- 
qu'  Ifle  de  Quinte ;  on  ^he  S  by  Lake  On- 
tario, until  it  mcett  the  wedernmoft  point 
of  Little  Bay ;  thence  by  a  line  running 
N  16  degrees  W,  until  it  meets  the  fouth- 
ern boundary  qf  a  tradb  of  laud  belonging 
to  the  Miflairag.-i  Indiant,  and  thence 
along  the  traA  parallel  to  L.  Ontario,  un- 
til it  meet*  the  northwenarnmod  bound- 
ary of  ttiJLjonnty  Of  Hading*.  The 
ccunt}^  oljHthumberlatid  eomprehcnd* 
»ii  the  ifl«MM)ear  to  it  in  L.  Ontario,  and 
the  bay  of  Quinte,  and  the  greater  parr 
of  it  front*  Lake  Ontario.  Smytb. 

North  ffalii,  a  toiya  of  Caroline  co; 
Virginia,  on  Pamunky  R.iver,  about  » 
miles  below  the  jun«Skioa  of  N  and  S  Anna 
branches. 

NoHb  iVeJI  Ceajl  of  America:  The 
country  on  the  N  wedcrn  part  of  the 
continent  of  America,  lying  on  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  i*  thus  denominated.  Ac- 
cording to  accounts  given  by  voyagers  tc 
this  coad,  the  vad  country  lying  upon  it, 
with  very  little  deviation,  has  tli^  ap- 
pearance of  one  continued  forcfty  being 
covered  with  pines  of  didcient  fpeciet, 
and  thefe  intermixed  with  alder,  birch, 
witch-hiiKel,  &c.  hcfidcs  various  kinds  of 
brufliwood ;  and  the  vallies  and  low 
grounds  adbrd  wild  currantg,goofeberriet^ 
rafpberries,  and  varioris  fJoxvering  dirubs. 
On  the  coaft  are  many  ift.mds,  fpacion* 
bays,  conim6(lious  harbours,  and  mouth* 
of  navigable  rivers  ;  among  the  former 
arc  Wafliington,  or  Queen  Charlotte'* 
l(1i>nd9, extending  fromN  lat.  51  42  to  54 
r8;  W  lon^.  from  Greenwich  129  54  to 
133  18.  Here  are  Nootka  Sound,  Admi- 
ralty Bay,  and  Port  Mulgravc,  Prince 

Wilbanr* 


low 

t'leti 

aha. 

ioiU 

utha 

mer 

ttc's 

054 

4   CO 

dnu- 

rince 


,  1  rimrl 

<. r  the  Ml*  \^et.\   C OAST  of  A>X  KK I  (  . \  >-^    t  li.'  .V."'  Y.-.x  -. 
Shewinq  (he    Pisctnrrn't    that  liuvf    hrrn  I 
tliu.1t'    fiarls. 


.i  Chart 

of  A>4KKI(  .\>^    til.-  MI.K.-ist    fOAST  of  AM.1 
isci^vri'-.^-    that  have    hrrn  I  a  My  made  in. 
t/io.\Y    /Jiirls. 

■ ■''{i/:i;.(;,/,//.,'.  /(.•  vr. 


,.  i  -  ■■i;^ 


'♦ 


a 


-m»>- 


William's  S 
ninfula  of 
rounding  ii 
Sound;  tvhi 
ring's    Strai 
by  numerou 
each  trfte  a 
and  governe 
differ  ffohi  < 
and  cufloms, 
It  is  impofEl 
grce  of  certa 
tants ;  hut  t 
xo,ooo,  from 
River,  an  ci 
The  natives  s 
ftature,  their  i 
general  flat  a 
bones  and  flat 
and    regular, 
lighter   than 
fome  of  their 
Both  fcxes  are 
felvcs  with  be 
generally  paii 
They  have  a  < 
tadinal  flit  in 
mouth  and  chi 
as  the  moutii,  i 
«f  bone,  wood 
in  it,  from  wh 
low  as  the  chii 
greater  unifor 
diflTcrcbt  tribes 
The  aperture  t 
chin,  feems  cor 
River  and  Prin 
the  wooden  or; 
worn  hv  the  % 
the  coart  from 
Charlotte's    If! 
wholly  fubfift 
Their  clothing 
imals  and  birds 
ty  manner,  and 
filth  and  indole 
civilized  nation 
liitherto,  has  b 
lives  for  furs  ;w 
for  pieces  of  iro 
and  other  triflir 
carried  to  Chin 
profit.  The  flcin 
'ea  otter,  racoon 
faHefs  maiimiot 
which  might  b( 
C"Pper,  oil,  fpai 
lies  of  falmon. 
1788,  there  had 
"'••coafl  9  veil 
Vol.  I, 


•Mm-r-'^- 


NOR 


NOR 


William's  Sound,  Cook's  River ;  the  pe- 
ninfula  of  Alalka,  and  the  iflands  fur- 
rounding  it,  Bridol  Bay,  and  Norton 
Sound ;  which  laft  lie  S  caftward  of  Bch- 
ring's  Straits.  The  coaft  is  inhabited 
by  numerous  but  fmail  tribes  of  Indians  ; 
each  tr^be  appearing  t*  be  independent, 
and  governed  by  its  own  chief.  They 
differ  frohi  each  other  in  their  language 
and  cudoms,  and  are  frequently  at  war. 
It  is  impoflible  to  afccrtain  with  any  de- 
gree of  certainty  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants ;  but  they  have  been  computed  at 
10,000,  from  Nontka  Sound  to  Cook's 
River,  an  extent  of  about  1,000  miles. 
The  natives  are  for  the  mo"'  part  fliort  in 
ftature,  their  faces,  men  and  women,  are  in 
general  flat  and  round,  with  high  cheek 
bones  and  flat  nofes,aud  their  teeth  white 
and  regular.  Their  complexions  are 
lighter  than  the  fouthern  Indians,  and 
fome  of  their  women  have  rafv  cheeks. 
Both  fexesare  fond  of  ornamenting  them- 
felvcs  with  beads  and  trinkets,  and  they 
generally  paint  their  hands  and  faces. 
They  have  a  cuflom  of  making  a  longi- 
tadinal  flit  in  the  under  lip,  between  the 
mouth  and  chin,  fome  of  them  as  large 
as  the  moutii,  in  which  they  wear  a  piece 
of  bone,  wood  or  ivory,  fitted  with  holes 
in  it,  from  which  they  fufpend  beads  as 
low  as  the  chin.  There  appears  to  be  a 
greater  uniformity  in  the  drefs  of  the 
difTcrebt  tribes,  thkn  in  their  ornaments. 
The  aperture  or  fecond  mouth,  above  the 
chin,  feems  confined  to  the  men  of  Cook's 
River  and  Prince  William's  Sound;  whilfl 
the  wooden  ornament  in  the  under  lip  is 
worn  bv  the  tvomen  only,  in  that  part  of 
the  coaft  from  Port  Mulgrave  to  Queen 
Charlotte's  Idands.  The  inhabitants 
wholly  fdbfift  by  fifliing  and  hunting. 
Their  clothing  is  made  of  the  fkins  of  an- 
imals and  birds.  They  live  in  a  very  dir- 
ty manner,  and  are  a  complete  pitflurc  of 
filth  and  indolence.  The  chief  objedl  of 
civilized  nations  in  navigating  this  coafl 
hitherto,  has  been  to  ttailicwith  the  na- 
tives for  furs ;  which  they  give  in  exchange 
for  pieces  nf  iron,  nails,  beads,  penknives, 
and  other  trifling  trinkets.  Thefe  furs  are 
carried  to  China,  and  difpofcd  of  to  great 
protit.  The  fkins  nbtained  are  thnfe  of  the 
lea  otter,  racoon,  pme  martin,  land  heaver, 
taritfs  maiiimot,  &c.  The  other  articles 
which  might  be  procured,  are  ginfeng, 
cnpper,  oil,  fpars,  &c.  with  great  quanti- 
ties of  falmon.  I'rom  1785  to  February, 
1788,  there  had  arrived  at  China  from 
tliis  coaft  9  vcliels  of  different  nations. 
Vol.  I.  C  c  c 


Six  of  thefe  had  furs,  fold  for  96,84a  dol- 
lars ;  a  French  fliips,  54,837  dolls,  and 
17,000  fkins  imported  by  the  Spaniard* 
unfold.  What  furs  the  Ruffians  procure 
is  not  known,  as  they  never  carry  them 
to  Canton.  In  lat.  5%  21  33  N,on  a  riv- 
er crowded  with  falmon,  are  fome  popu- 
lous villages,  who  have  made  fome  ad- 
vance towards  civilization.  Painting  and 
fculpturc  being  in  a  ftate  of  confidetdble 
improvement.  They  have  forms  of  wor- 
fhip  which  they  attend  at  ftated  periods 
in  a  public  manner.  Their  dead  they 
burn.  One  of  their  temples  is  50  feet  by 
45,  fupported  by  14  pillars  or  pofls,  8  or 
9  feet  high.  The  two  centre  polh  at 
each  end  are  'if  feet  diameter,  and  carved 
into  human  form,  fupporting  two  ridge 
poles  on  their  heads,  12  feet  from  the 
ground.  The  hands  of  one  are  placed 
on  his  knees,  as  if  he  fupported  the  rooC 
with  difliculty ;  the  other  flands  at  his 
eafc  with  his  hands  on  his  hips.  The  pofl;», 
poles, and  pillarsare  painted  red  and  black. 
Some  of  their  timber  for  building  is  hewn 
on  2  fides,  and  the  buildings  are  often  dec- 
orated with  hieroglyphic  paintings,  dt 
fanciful  carvings.  I  In .  confequeuce  of  ail 
expedition  undertaken  in  1787,  Capt.  Jt 
Kendrick,  of  the  fhip  Columbia,  while 
profecuting  aiv  advantageous  voyage  witfi 
the  natives  for  furs,  purchafed  of  them^ 
it  is  faid,  for  the  owners,  a  tra<n:  of  de^ 
lightful  country,  comprehending  four  de- 
grees of  latitude,  or  240  miles  fquare. 
The  deeds  are  faid  to  be  in  China,  and 
regiftered  in  the  office  of  the  American 
conful ;  the  agents  in  London  are  author- 
ifed  to  treat  with  any  gentlemen  or  ailb- 
ciation  for  the  purchafe  of  a  tradt  of  land 
no  where  exceeded  for  fertility  and  cli- 
mate, and  which  may  perhaps  by  a  pru- 
dent management  of  fome  wife  conflttu- 
tion,  become  of  the  utmoft  importance. 

Ntrtfj  H^ejl  River,  a  branch  of  Capfr 
Fear,  or  Clarendon  River,  in  N.  Carolina. 
It  is  formed  by  the  juntSlion  of  Haw  and 
Deep  Rivers ;  and  it  is  300  yards  wide 
at  Afliwood,  80  or  90  miles  above  the 
Capes ;  even  when  the  ftream  is  low,  and 
within  its  banks.  S^e  Cape  Fear  River, 
On  the  W  fide  of  this  river,  about  40 
miles  above  Afliwood,  in  the  banks  of  a 
creek,  j  or  6  feet  below  the  fandy  fur- 
face,  are  to  be  fecn  projevfling  out  many 
feet  in  length,  trunks  of  trees  entirely 
petrified. 

Nertb  IVefl  Territory,  is  divided  into 
Ohio  State,  Indiana  Territory,  and  Coun- 
ty of  Wayne  ;  which  ftc. 

Nnrtbwt 


i 


'!!  :fi 


nm 


NOR 


NOT 


Nutlwtod,  an  interior  and  elerated 
toWnfliip  in  Rockingham  co.  New  Hamp- 
fhire,  in  which,  and  on  it>  borders,  arc  a 
number  of  fmall  ponds,  whofe  waters  feed 
Pifcataqua  and  Suncook  Rivers.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1773 ;  contains  950  in- 
habitants, and  is  about  39  miles  N  W  of 
Portfmouth.  Cry  (lab  and  cryfialline 
ij>ars  are  found  here. 

North  Yarmouth,  a  poft  town  of  Maine, 
in  Cumberland  co.on  a  fmall  river  which 
falls  into  Cafco  Bay.  It  is  17  miles  W 
by  S  of  Brunfwick,  14  N  of  Portland,  and 
140  E  of  Bofton.  The  townfltip  is  exten- 
five,  was  incorporated  in  1713,  and  con- 
tains  z,6oo  inhabitants.  Cuflens  River 
divides  it  from  Freeport  on  the  N  £. 

Norton,  a  townOiip  of  Briftiol  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  33  miles  S  of  Bodoo.  It  was 
incorporated  in  17 11,  and  contains  1481 
inhabitants.  Theannualamountof  the  nail 
manufatfturc  here  is  not  lefs  than  300  tons. 
Thereis  alfo  a  manufadlureof  orhrewhich 
is  found  here,  Gmiiar  to  that  at  Taunton. 

Norton,  a  fettlement  on  the  N  £  coad 
of  Cape  Breton  Ifland. 

Norton't  Soumd,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  extends  from  Cape  Darby  on 
the  N  N  W  to  Cape  Denbigh,  or  Cape 
Stephen's  on  the  S  or  S  £.    N  lat.  64  50. 

Norivali,  a  pleafant  poft  town  in  Fair- 
field CO.  ConneiSticut,  on  the  N  fide  of 
Long  Ifland  Sound.  It  contains  a  Con- 
ftegational  and  Epifcopal  church,  which 
are  neat  edifices,  and  between  40  and  50 
compatSt  houfcs.  It  is  13  miles  W  by  S 
of  Fairfield,  34  S  W  by  W  of  New  Ha- 
ven and  54  N  E  of  N.  York.  The  town- 
fliip  is  fituated  in  a  fertile  wheat  country, 
and  was  fettled  in  1651.  Here  arc  iron- 
works and  a  number  of  mills.  It  lias  a 
fmall  trade  to  N.  York  and  the  W.  Indies, 
and  contains  5,146  inhabitants. 

Norway,  a  townfli![>  of  N.  York,  in 
Herkemcr  co.  incorporated  in  179a.  It 
contains  1.911  inhabiuuts. 

Nerwiy,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  incorporated  In  1797,  having 
609  inhibitauts. 

Nor^vicb,  a  confiderablc  townfliip  in 
Windfor  co.  Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of 
ConocAicut  River,  oppoCte  to  Dartmouth 
College.    It  contains  i  486  inhabitants. 

Nortvicl),  a  townfliip  in  Hamplliire  co. 
Maifachufetts,  74  miles  S  W  of  North- 
ampton, and  114  W  of  Boflon  ;  incorpo- 
rated in  1773,  and  contains  959  inhabi- 
tants. 

Nortvicb,  a  city  and  poft  town  of  Cou- 
a««5iicut,  and  of  the  fecvnd  rank  in  New 


London  co.  fituated  at  the  head  of  axVir 
gation  on  Thames  River,  14  miles  N  of 
New  London,  and  40  S  £  of  Hartford. 
This  commercial  city  has  a  rich  and  ex- 
tenfive  back  country;  and  avails  itfelf 
of  its  happy  fituation  on  a  navigable  riv- 
er, which  affords  a  great  number  of  con- 
venient feats  for  mills,  and  water  ma- 
chines of  all  kinds.  The  inhabitants  man- 
ufa(9iire  paper  of  many  kinds,  ftockingi, 
clocks  and  watches,  chaifes,  buttons,  ftonc 
and  earthen  ware,  oil,  chocolate,  wire, 
bells,  anchors,  and  all  kindsof  forge-work. 
The  city  contains  about  500  dwelling- 
houfes,  a  court-hoafc,  two  churches  for 
Congregationalifts,  and  one  for  Epifcopa- 
Hans,and  3476  inhabitants.  The  city  i* 
in  three  detached,  compadt  divifions,  viz. 
Chelfea,  at  the  landing,  the  Town,  and 
Bean  Hill;  in  the  latter  divifion  is  aa 
academy,  and  in  the  town  is  an  endowed 
fehool  The  courts  of  law  are  held  al- 
ternately at  New  London  and  Norwich. 
This  town  was  fettled  in  i66o,  by  ^s 
men,  principally  from  Saybrook.  It  it 
251  miles  N  £  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
41  34,  W  long,  7  a  49. 

Ntrivieb,  a  townfhip  in  Chenango  ca 
N.  York,  taken  from  the  towns  of  Jericho 
and  Union,  and  incorporated  in  1793. 
It  is  fettled  principally  by  people  fron 
Connedlicut;  is  bounded  foutherly  hj 
Oxford,  and  lies  55  miles  W  of  Cherrj 
Valley.     It  has  1,219  inhabitants. 

Nottvicb,  now  called  iVbitby y'm  Upper 
Canada,  on  the  N  fliore  of  L.  Ontario. 

Norwich  Totvnjhip,  in  Norfolk  co.  U. 
Canada,  £  of  and  adjoining  Dereham. 

Notch,  Thf,  a  pafs  in  the  wcftern  part 
of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New  Hamp- 
fliirc ;  the  narrowcft  part  of  which  is  but 
21  feet  wide,  between  two  perpendicular 
rock-i.  It  is  25  miles  from  the  Upper  Coos. 
From  the  height  above  it  a  brook  de- 
fcends,  and  meanders  through  a  meadow, 
formerly  a  beaver  pond.  It  isfurround- 
ed  by  rpcks,  which,  on  one  fide,  are  pei- 
pendicular,  and  on  the  others,  rife  in  an 
angle  of4  5  degrees,  a  ftrikingly  pidturel'que 
I'cene.  This  defile  was  known  to  the  In- 
dians, who  formerly  led  their  captives 
through  it  to  Canada ;  but  it  had  been 
forgotten  or  negle<5ted,  till  the  year  177 1, 
when  two  hunters  pafled  through  it. 
There  is  a  road  this  way  now  to  the  Up- 
per Coos. 

Notch,  Cape,  is  the  W  point  of  Goodluck 
Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat. 
Si  .13.  W  long.  74  34. 

Noitaway,  a  fmall  river  of  Virginia, 

vihkk 


"»<««■>>.•,  -'■'"miTn 


NOV 

vrhich  runs  E  by  S.and  receives  Black  Wa* 
ter  on  the  lineof  N.Carolina ;  thence  pur- 
fuiug  a  S  by  Wcourfe  of  about  lo  miles,  it 
joins  the  Mcherrin ;  the  confluent  dream 
then  aflumes  the  name  of  Chowan  River, 
and  emptio  into  Albemarle  Sunnd. 

Nottoway,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  Amelia,  from  which  it 
was  taken  in  tite  year  1788.  It  contains 
3,418  white,  and  5,983  black  people, 
(ee  Amelia. 

Nottingham,  a  pod  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  HampHiire,  13  miles  N  of  Exeter, 
and  24  N  W  of  Portfmouch.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1722,  and  contains  964  in- 
habitants. 

Nottingham,  Wifi,  a  poft  town  in  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  New  Hampihire,  Gtuated  on 
the  £  Tide  of  Merrimack  River ;  was  in- 
corporated in  1746,  and  contains  l,'J.fi^ 
inhabitants.  It  has  MafTachufetts  line 
for  its  fouthcrn  boundary,  which  divides 
it  from  Dracut,  and  is  about  45  miles  N 
N  W  of  Boflon. 

Nottingham,  Eaft  and  IVeJI,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania ;  the 
former  having  889,  and  the  latter  454 
inhabitants. 

Nottingham,  the  moft  northern  town  of 
Burlington  co.  N.  Jerfey,  on  the  £  hank 
of  Delaware  River,  between  Bordentown 
and  Trenton. 

Nottingham,  a  pod  town  in  Prince 
George's  co.  Maryland,  on  Patuxent  Riv- 
er, 16  miles  N  £  of  Pifcataway,  and  zo 
S  £  of  Wafliington. 

Nova  Scotia,  formerly  called  Niio  Scot- 
land, a  British  province  of  N.  America ; 
feparated  on  the  N  £  from  Cape  Breton 
Ifland,  by  the  Gut  of  Canfo ;  on  the  N  it 
has  a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
and  the  ftraits  of  Northumberland,  which 
divide  it  from  the  Ifland  of  St.  John's ; 
on  the  W  it  has  N.  Bruniwick  and  the 
Bay  of  Fundy ;  on  the  S  and  S  E  the  At- 
lantic t)cean.  Its  length  is  about  z^s 
miles  from  Cape  Sable  on  the  S  W  to 
Cape  Canfo  on  the  N  £.  Its  extreme 
breadth  is  88  miles;  but  between  the 
head  of  Hahfax  harbour  and  the  town  of 
Windfor,  at  the  head  of  the  S  £  arm  of 
the  Bafm  of  Minas  it  is  only  about  tz 
miles  broad.  It  contains  8,789,000  acres; 
of  which  3  millions  have  been  granted, 
and  a  millions  fettled  and  under  improve- 
ment. Nova  Scotia  is  accommodated 
with  many  fpacious  harbours,  bays,  and 
coves  of  fhelter,  equal  to  any  in  the 
world.  The  chief  of  thefe  are  Canfo, 
Ijalifitx,  uu  Chebui51:u  Bay,  ClicdabuiSlo, 


NOV 

Frederick,   George,  Torbay,  Charloffr, 
King's,  Barrington.Townfend,  St.  Mary's, 
Annapolis  Royal,  the  Balin  of  Minas,  the 
Bay  of  Fundy;  and  a  vad  number  of 
capes,  lakes,  and  rivers,  which  are  de- 
fcribed  under   their    refpetftivc  names. 
The  mod  remarkable  mountains  are  the 
Highland  of  Afpotagocn,  and  the  Ardoin 
Mountain.     The  fouthern  fliorcs  prefent 
to  the  eye  of  a  dranger  rather  an  un- 
favourable appearance,  being  in  general 
broken  and  dony  ;  but  the  innumerable 
iflands  alongits  coads, coves  and  harbours, 
though  generally  compofed  of  rocky  fub- 
danccs,  appear  defigned  by  nature  for 
the  drying  of  fiih,  being  covered  with 
materials  for  fidi  flakes  and  dages ;  and 
there  is  land  fufBcicnt  for  padures  and 
gardens,  to  ferve  the  purpofes  of  filh- 
ermea     As  you  advance  into  the  back 
country,  it  wears  a  more  prcmifing  ap- 
pearance ;  and  at  Cornwallis,  Windfor, 
Horton,  Annapolis,  Cumberland,  Cobe- 
quid,  Pidtou,  and  along  the  northern 
fliores  of  the  province,  there  are  eztenfive, 
well  improved  farms.    The  gradual  im- 
provements in  hufbandry,  which  has  been 
encouraged  by  the  laudable  edbrts  and 
fuccefsful  experiments  of  the  agricultural 
fociety,    lately  cftabliflied   here,  alTord 
fc^c  good  ground  to  expedt  that  N0V4 
Scotia  may  become  a  flonrifliing  colony. 
The  lands  in  general,  on  the  fea-coad,  the 
countv  of  Lunenburgh  excepted,  and  a 
few  hills  of  good  land,  are  rocky,  and  in- 
terfperfed    with    fwamps   and   barrens. 
The  growth  in  general  is  a  mixture  of 
fpruce,  hemlock,  pine,  fir,  beech,  and 
fome  rnck-maple,  which  furniih  an  inex- 
haudible  fupply  for  ihip-building  and 
other  purpofes.    The  coad  abounds  with 
fifh  of  various  kinds,  as  cod,  falmon,  mack- 
erel, herrings,  alewives,  trout,  &c.  and  l>e- 
iag  near  to  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland, 
(^ero,  and  Sable  Banks,  fiihcrics,  under 
proper    management     and    regulations, 
might  be  carried  on  with  certainty  of 
fucceis.     There  are  coal-mines  at  Cum- 
berland, and  on   the   £ad  River  which 
falls  into  Pidtou  harbour.    There  is  plen- 
ty of  bog  and  mountain  ore  in  Annapolis 
townfliip,  on  the  borders  of  Ni<3:,\u  Riv- 
er,  and  a   bloomery    is    eredled  there. 
Copper  has  been  found  at  Cape  DOr,oa 
the  N  fide  of  the  Balin  of  Minas.    The 
forts  in  this  province  arc  Fort  Edward, 
Cumberland, and  Cornwallis.    Nova  Sco- 
tia is  divided  into  8  counties,  viz.  Hant.s, 
Halifax,  King's,  Annapolis,  Cumberland, 
Sunbiiry.Ontrtu's.  and  Lunenburg.  I'hcfc 

arc 


m^ 


'I 

'I 


'i'i 


i  I  ■, 


:'.!f 


m 


N  U  E 


O  B  I 


arc  fubdlvided  into  above  40  townfliip3. 
Tht  whole  population  of  Nova  Scotia,  N. 
rrunfwick,  and  the  iflatids  adjoining  is 
edimated  at  about  50,000.  Tlic  amount 
of  imports  from  Great  Britain  to  thii 
country,  at  an  average  of  ^  years,  before 
the  new  fettlementi,  was  about  ^26,300. 
The  articles  eiportcd  in  exchange  are, 
timber  and  the  produce  of  the  fiHiery, 
nrhich  at  a  large  average  amounts  to 
£38.000.  Nova  Scotia  was  confirmed  to 
Great  Britain  in  1760.  Halifax  is  the 
metropolis.  See  New  Btunf-wicif  Canada, 
&c. 

NouvcUe,  La,  commonly  called  E^ft 
Nouvelle,  lies  on  the  northern  fide  of 
Chaleur  Bay.  It  is  a  fmall  river,  about 
4  leagues  from  Port  Daniel. 

Ntmille,  La  Grande,  Of  Wfjl  Nou-vilU, 
on  the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is 
above  one  league  from  Carleton,  where 
is  alfo  a  cuftom-houfe,  and  a  refpedtable 
mercantile  houfe. 

Nififiguit,  a  fmall  village  of  N.  Brunf- 
wick,  on  the  fouthern  fide  of  Chaleur 
Bay,  inhabited  by  Roman  Catholics; 
above  iz  leagues  W  of  Caraquit  Ifland  ; 
.between  which  and  Point  Mafanette,  are 
-the  capes  of  Poiquchaw.  At  this  village 
a  number  of  coafting  trader:  touch  during 
the  fiimmer,  where  they  purchafe  of  the 
inhabitants  cod  iifli  and  f.ilmon,  as  alfo 
feathers,  peltry,  and  fome  furs. 

Noxan,  or  Nuxontgn,  or  Nox  7#w/i,  a 
town  of  New  Caftle  co.  Delaware,  ai 
miles  N  of  Dover,  and  9  S  by  S  W  of  St. 
Gcorj^e's  Town. 

NuiUJ.r,  an  ifland  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
with  3  fmall  ones  N  of  it,  and  near  to  it, 
W  by  S  ot  Cape  Corienlcs,  on  the  coaft 
of  Mexico,  .ind  E  of  Roco  Portida.  N 
lat.  16  40,  W  loniT.  122  30. 

Nudvunk,  a  place  in  New  Britain,  the 
refort  of  Walruflcs  in  winter;  wiiii  the 
teeth  of  tiiefc  animals  the  Indians  heid 
their  d;irts.     Lat.  60  N. 

Nufjlra  Seit'.ra  dt  la  Pas,  an  epifcopal 
fee  and  town  of  Poru,  in  S.  America.  S 
lat.  17  10,  W  long  64. 

Ni'cflrit  Scnorn  de  l,i  I'ittorio,  a  town  of 
Me-xic-o.     N  lat.  i8,  W  long.  92  35. 

Kuevo  Ba^i',  a  bank  callcci  bi  tlu'  Brit- 
ifli  the  New  Bfar,  being  about  3a  leagues 
S  of  the  Vv'  tnd  of  the  iflaiul  ot  Jamaica, 
in  lat.  15  57  N.  It  has  a  key,  2  cables 
length  lonjT  « ml  j|  broad;  (tretching  E 
bv  N.  and  W  byS  Thr  Britilb  find  thii. 
ji  j^oOd  ftation  in  a  Spanilli  war,  as  moft 
fliips  tome  this  way  from  the  Spanifli 
.Main,  going  to  the  Havamiab.    , 


S, 

<•*- 


'■•sSfSft-:     .pflrif"."^ 


0. 


o. 


ACHATE  Harbour,  near  the  fouth 
point  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  io  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  N  W  of 
Otahcite.    6  lat.  16  55,  W  long.  151  44. 

0ahaLa,2i  river  of  Louifiana,whieh  emp- 
ties into  the  Miflifippi  fromtheN  W.irt  lat. 
39  10  N,  and  7  miles  Nof  Riviere  au  JSeuf. 
Oaieona,   oue  of  the    Ingraham   Ifles, 
whicli  is  faid  to  be  the  northernmoft  of  all 
thisclufier.    It  lies  about  10  leagues  N  £ 
of  Noohecva.     To  this  ifland  Capt.  Rob- 
erts gave  the  name  of  MaJ/atbu/eth,   Capt. 
Ingraham  had  before  called  it  IVaJhington. 
Uaitipiba  or  Aitefieia  Bay,  fituated  near 
theN  E  end  of  the  leflcr  pcninfula  of  the 
ifland  of  Otaheite,  has  good  anchorage  in 
II fathoms.    Slat.  17  46,  W  long.  149  14. 

Oai  Bay,  or  the  Devil'i  Head,  in  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  is  9  leagues  S  S  E  of  Moofe 
Ifland.  It  is  very  high  land,  and  may  be 
feen  at  10  or  11  leagues  difiancc.  • 

Oakfujktc.     See  Tallopoofe  River. 
Oalfujkles,  an  Indian  tribe  in  the  weft- 
em  parr  of  Georgia.    I'he  warrior  Mico, 
called  the  White  Lieutenant,  had  the  fole 
influence  over  4,000  gun-men. 

Oakham,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufetts  ;  15  miles  N  W  of  Worcof- 
ter,  and  6»  W  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  i76i,and  contains  801  inhabitants. 
Oak  Ifland,  a  long  narrow  ifland  on  the 
coafl  of  N.  Carolina,  which  with  Smith's 
llland  forms  the  S  W  channel  of  Cape  Fear 
River.     See  Bald  Head,  and  Capi  Fear, 

OaktMulget  River  is  the  fouthern  great 
branch  uf  the  beautiful  Alatamaha,  in 
Georgia.  At  the  Oakmulgee  Fields  it  is 
about  300  or  400  yards  wide.  Thefe 
rich  and  fertile  fields  arc  on  the  cafl  fide 
of  the  river,  above  the  confluence  of  the 
Oconee  with  this  river ;  thefe  two  branch- 
es arc  here  about  40  miles  apart.  Here 
are  wonderful  remains  of  the  power  and 
grandeur  of  the  ancients  of  this  part  of 
America,  confifling  of  the  ruins  of  a  capi- 
tal town  and  fettlement,  vaft  artificial 
hills,  terraces,  &c.  See  Alutamaba  River. 
Oatara,  a  fmall  woody  ifland  on  the  .S 
R  of  Ulietea  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean ; 
between  3  and  4  miles  from  which  to  the 
norlh-wcft  are  two  other  Imall  iflands  in 
the  fame  diret'tion  as  the  reef,  of  which 
they  arc  a  part. 

O/'id'sA'iver,  in  Tcnncflee,  runs  S  W  into 

Cumberland  R.  290  mile*  from  its  mouth, 

bythecoiirfeo;  the  lire ,'.m.  Thus  far  C«m- 

bfrland  R.  is  navij/able  for  large  veflels. 

Oiion,  a  navigable  river  of  Tenneflee, 

yhick 


O  C  R 

which  runs  S  W  into  the  Miffifippi,  44 
milei  fouthcrly  of  Reelfoot  Rivets.  It  i» 
70  yards  broad,  17  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Oiiftreo,  an  ifland  100  leagues  S  of  the 
Society  Iflands.  S  lat.  aa  40,  W  long, 
jjo  50.  It  contains  no  good  anchorage, 
and  the  inhabitants  are  averfe  to  the  in- 
trufion  of  (Irangers. 

Occea,  or  Ocoa,  a  bay  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  into  which  fall  the 
fmall  rivers  Sipicepy  and  Ocoa.  It  lies  £ 
of  Ntybe  or  Julienne  Bay,  and  is  bounded 
I'outh-caftward  by  Point  Salinat,  and  weft- 
ward  by  the  £  point  at  the  moutli  of 
Bya  River.  Spanilh  fliips  of  war  anchor 
in  this  bay.  Point  Salinas  is  2%  leagues 
W  of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 

Oeeoa,  a  bay  near  the  eaft  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  windward  pafTage, 
about  20  miles  eall  of  Guantanamo  Bay. 
Oiuebapfy,  or  Bear-Creek,  in  the  Miffi- 
fippi Territory,  empties  through  the  S 
W  bank  of  Tenneflee  River,  juft  below 
the  mufclc  (hoalr.  There  is  a  portage  of 
only  about  50  miles  from  this  creek  to  the 
navigable  waters  of  Mobile  River.  The 
mouth  of  this  creek  is  in  the  centre  of  a 
piece  of  ground,  the  diameter  of  which  is 
5  miles,  ceded  by  the  fouthern  Indians  to 
the  United  States  for  the  eftabli(liment  of 
trading  pods. 

Occoneacbea  IJlandt^  two  long  narrow  ifl- 
ands  at  the  head  of  Roanoke  River,  in 
Virginia,  juft  below  where  the  Staunton 
and  Dan  unite  and  form  that  river. 

Ocona  Pert,  on  the  coaft  cf  Peru,  on  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  xi  leagues  N  W  of 
Quiica,  and  a  bold  coaft,  and  14  leagues 
S  E  of  Attico. 

Oconee,  the  north  main  branch  of  Ala- 
tsmaha  River,  Georgia.  It  is,  in  many 
places,  250  yards  wide.  Its  banks  abound 
with  oak,  afli,  mulberry,  hickory,  black- 
walnut,  elm,  faflafras,  «fc.  ^ 

Oconee  Town  lies  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
river  of  its  name  in  Georgia ;  about  46 
miles  W  N  W  of  Golphingtor .  and  6a 
W  by  N  of  Augufta. 

Occojuan,  a  river  in  Virginia  which,  af- 
ter a  Ihort  courfc,  empties  into  Patow- 
mac  River,  at  Higli  Point,  5  miles  below 
Colchefter.  The  falls  in  this  river  fur- 
nifli  excellent  mill-feats. 

Ocrecock  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, leads  into  P.imlico  Sound,  and  cut 
of  it  into  Albemarle  Sound,  through 
which  all  vcflels  muft  pafs  that  arc  bound 
to  Edcnton,  Wafliington,  Bath,  or  New- 
hern.  It  lies  in  lat  35  10  N.  A  bar  of 
Hard  faud  crofl'es  the  inlet,  oa  which  is  14 


O  H  I 

ftet  water  at  low  tide.  The  land  on  the 
N  is  called  Ocrecuck,that  on  the  S  Porti- 
mouth.  Six  milts  within  the  bar,  there 
is  a  hard  faud  Ihoal  which  croflcs  the 
channel  called  the  Swafli.  On  each  fidc 
01  the  channel  are  dangerous  flioals,  fnme- 
timesdty.  Few  maTiners,howevtr,  well  ac- 
quainted with  theinlet.chnofetogo  in  with- 
out a  pilot ;  as  the  bar  often  fhifts  during 
their  abfence  on  a  voyage.  It  is  about  7^ 
leagues  S  W  ^  W  of  Cape  Hatteras. 

Ogiechee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  18  miles  S 
of  Savannah  River,  and  whofe  courfes  are 
nearly  parallel  witn  each  other.  It  rifes 
nearthe  Appalachianmountaius,  andemp- 
ties  into  the  fea  oppofite  the  N  end  of 
OITabaw  Ifland,  18  miles  S  of  Savannah. 
Louifville,  Lexington  and  Georgetown 
are  on  the  upper  part  of  this  rivtr. 

Oglethorpe,  a  county  of  Georgia  on  the 
N  fide  of  Alatamaha  River,  W  of  Liberty 
CO.  Fort  Telfair  is  in  the  S  E  corner  of 
this  county  on  the  Alatamaha.  It  con- 
tains 9,780  inhabitants,  of  whom  3,089 
are  flaves. 

Obamtneno,  a  fmall  but  good  harbour, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Socie- 
ty Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Cv-ean.  S  lat. 
i6  4?,  W  long.  151  38.  The  variation  of 
the  compafs in  i777,was  6  19  E. 

Ohamcne  Harbour,^  fine  bay  on  the  E  fide 
of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands.  It  paf- 
fes  in  by  a  channel  between  the  *  fmall  il!- 
ands  Toahoutu,  and  Whennuaia.  Within 
the  reef  it  forms  a  good  harbour,  from  25 
to  26  fathoms  water,  and  clear  ground. 

Oberurua,  a  large  bay  on  the  S  W  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  and  the  next  ha.rbour  to  the  north- 
ward from  Apotopoto  Bay.  There  is  av.- 
choragc  from  ao  to  aj  fathoms,  and  h.i'» 
the  advantage  of  frcfli  water.  The  brcaclj 
in  the  reef  which  opens  a  paflage  into 
this  harbour  is  one  fourth  of  a  mile  broad, 
ia  lat.  16  38  S,  and  !oii;j;.  151  30  W: 

Obeteroa,  one  of  the  Society  illsnds, 
which  is  about  1 1  miles  long  and  '''  !iro"d, 
inhabited  by  a  people  of  very  large  (tat- 
ure,  who  arc  rather  browntr  than  thofe 
of  the  ncighljouring  ill.mnls.  It  ha?  no 
good  harbour  or  anchorage.  Lat.  22  27 
S,  long.  I  jo  47. 

Obetuna,  a  harbour  on  t!ic  S  E  fide  of 
Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands. 

Ohevaboa,  an  ifland  in  the  Smitli  Pacific 
Ocean.     S  lat.  9  41,  W  lo:.?.  139  z. 

Ohio,  Stale  of,  lies  W  of  Pi  npfylvania, 
and  between  th<:  Chi-  P.iver  on  the  S, 
and  the  Lakfs  Mi<  higifn  nui  F.rie  on  the' 
N.    Its  prccife  boundaries  arc  as  follows, 

▼iz. 


.^i:  m 


)■'  ::!'r 


K 


r 


O  H  T 

>;«.  T.  by  tlie  northern  part  of  the  W  line 
of  Pcnnfylvania  ;  S  l>y  the  Ohio  River, 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami;  W 
by  a  line  drawn  due  N  from  the  mouth 
of  the  rlvtr  lafl  named  to  the  fouthern 
CTtrcmity  of  Lake  Michijjan  ;  N  by  an  E 
and  W  line  drawn  through  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  the  lake  juft  mentioned, 
faom  the  juterfedion  of  the  weftern  boun- 
dary line,  till  it  meets  the  northern  terri- 
torial line  of  the  U.  States,  in  Lake  Erie, 
and  followinf;  th;'t  line,  till  it  readies  the 
V!  line  of  Pcnnfylvania  ;  lying  between 
if)  and  42  N.  lat.  and  5  «5  and  4  ,l6  W, 
long,  from  Phil.idelpliiu.  This  State  was 
admitted  into  the  Union  by  adt  of  Con- 
fxvU  early  in  the  year  1803,  and  organi- 
sed March  3d  of  the  fame  year,  and  is. 
divided  into  17  counties,  viz. 


Coi>rtits. 
VV'alhington 
Hamilton 
Adams 
Jtffcrfon 
Rofs 

C.icrmont 
Trumbull 
Fairfield 
Bellmuut 
Gallia 
Scioto 
Franklin 
Colmnbiaoa 
Warren 
Butler 

Montgomery 
Greene 
The   number   of 


CliitJ  'Tovns. 

Marietta 

Cincinnati 

Mafneftjurgh 

Steubenville 

Chilicothe 

Williamlburgh 

Warren 

New  Lancafter 

Pultnej' 

Galliopolis 

Alexandria 

Franklinton 


inhabitants    in   this 
State, in  1800,  was  ^i,\-]<).    The  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  Mullcingum,  Hockhock-  j 
ing,  Scioto,  and  IJtcie  and  Great  Miami,  1 
'«hicb  fall  into  the  Ohio  ;  and  the  Grand  ! 
Miami  of  the  Lakes,  Sandutkyi  Huron,  ; 
and  Cayahoga,  which  empty  into  Lake  j 
Erie.    I'he  lands  on  thefe  rivers  are  in-  I 
terfperfed  with  all   the  variety  of  foil  j 
which  conduces  to  pieafautncfs  of  iitua-  j 
ciun,   and  lays  the   foundation    for  the 
wealth  of  an  agricultural  and  manufac- 
turing people.    Large  level  bottoms,  or 
natural  meadows,  from  20  to  jo  miles  in 
circuit,  arc  found  bordering;  the  rivers, 
and  variegating  the  country  in  the  inte- 
rior parts.     Thefe  afTord  as  rich  a  foil  as 
can  be  imagined,  and  may  be  reduced  to 
proper  cultivation  with  very  Iitt!«  labour. 
The  prevailing  growth  of  timber,  and  the 
fnore  ufcful  trees,  are  maple  or  fogar-trec, 
fycamore,  black   and  white    mulberry, 
bhck  and  white  walnut,  butternut,  clicf- 


O  H  I 

nut,  white,  black,  SpaniHi  and  chefnnt 
oaks,  hickory,  cherry,  buckwood  or  horfe 
rhcfnut,  honey-locuu,  elm,  cucumber  tree, 
gum  tree,  iron  wood,  afli,  afpin,  faiTafras, 
crab-apple  tree,  paupaw,  or  cufhird  ap- 
ple, a  variety  of  plum   trees,  nine  bark 
i'pice  and  leather  wood  bufhes.      White 
and  black  oak,  and  chefnut,  with  mod  of 
the  above  mentioned  timbers,  grow  large 
and  plenty  upon  the  high  grounds.  Both 
the   high  and   low  lands   prodicc   great 
quantities  of  natural  grapes  of  various 
kinds.     The  fugar  maple  is  the  mod  val- 
u.ible  tree,  for  an  inland  country.    The 
inhabitKnts  may  be  fupplied  with  a  fuf- 
licicncy  of  fiigar,   by  preferving  a  few 
trees  for  the  ufe  of  each  family.     A  tree 
will  yield   about  ten  pounds  of  fugar  a 
year,  and    the   labour  is  very   trifling. 
.Springs  of  excellent  water  abound  in  this 
territory ;  and  fmall  and  large  dreams, 
for  mills  and  other  purpofes,  are  atftually 
inierfperfed,  as  if  by  art,  that  there  be  no 
deficiency'in  any  of  the  conveniences  of 
life.    Very  little  waAe  land  it  to  be  found 
in   any  part   of  this  tradt  of  country. 
There  are  no  fwamps  but  fuch  as  may 
be  readily  drained,  and  made  into  arable 
and  meadow  land  ;  and  though  the  hills 
.ire  fnequcnt,  they  are  gentle,  and  fwell- 
ing,  no  where  high  or  incapable  of  tillage. 
They  arc  of  a  deep  rich  foil,  covered 
with  a  heavy  growth  of  timber,  and  well 
adapted  to  the  production  of  wheat,  rye, 
indigo,  tobacco,    &c.      The    hills    and 
mountains  itn  the  £  fide  of  the  Ohio  gen- 
erally increafe  iomagnitudeitilltheyunite 
with  the  Alleghany,  but  on  the  other  fide, 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  they  decrcafe  till  the 
country  becomes  almoft   a   dead   level. 
[EUicoit:\   The  communication    between 
this  country  and  the  fea,  will  principally 
be  in  the  3  following  dircAions  :   i.  The 
route  through  the  Scioto  and  Muikinguni 
to  Lake  Erie,  and  fo  to  the  river  Hudfon. 
2.  The  paifage  up  the  Ohio  and  Monon* 
gahela  to  the  portage  above  mentioned, 
which  leads  to  the  navigable  waters  of 
the  Patowmack.   This  portage  is  30  miles, 
and  will  probably  be  rendered  much  le(s 
by  the  execution  of  the  plans  now  on  foot 
for    opening    the  navigation    of    thofe 
waters.     3.    But  the  current  down  the 
Ohio    and    Miffifippi,    for    heavy   arti- 
cles that  fuit  the  Florida  and  Well  In- 
dia markets,  fuch  as  corn,  flour,  beef,  lum- 
ber, &c.  will  be  more  frequently  loaded 
than  any  dreams  on  earth.    Thcdiflance 
from  the  Scioto  to  the  Miflifippi,  is  8co 
miles ;  f»<^m  thcuce  to  tlie  fea,  is  9C0. 

This 


O  H  I 

This  whole  courfe  it  run  in  15  dayt.    Vcf- 
(clt  proper  for  the  Weft  India  trade  may 
be  advantagcoufly  built  on  the  Ohio,  and 
taken  with  a  cargo,  every  annual  rife  of 
the  water*,  down  to  New  Orleans,  or  to 
4he  Weft  India  Iflands.    The  experiment 
has   already   been    made    with   fucccfs.  ' 
[FMicott.]    Uo  country  it  better  ftockcd 
with  wild  game.    The  rivers  are  well 
fiorcd  with  fifli  of  various  kinds,  and  ma-  j 
ny  of  them  are  of  an  excellent  quality. 
They  arc  generally  large,  though  of  dif- 
ferent (izes ;    the  cat-fifli,  which  is  the  , 
largeft,  and  of  a  delicious  flavour,  weighs 
from  6  to  80  pounds.    'I'he  number  of 
•Id  forts,  found  in  this  weftern  country, 
are  the  admiration  of  the  curious,  and  a  ' 
Blatter  of  much  fpeculation.    They  are 
nioftly  of  an  oblong  form,  fituated  on 
ftrongiwell  cliofca  ground,  and  contigu- 
ous to  water.    When,  hy  whom,  and  for 
what  purpofe  thefe  were  thrown  up,  is  ' 
uncertain.    They  are  undoubtedly  very 
ancient,  as  there  is  not  the  lead  viftble 
difference  in  the  age  or  fize  of  the  timber  ! 
growing  on  or  within  thefe  forts,  and 
that  which  grows  without ;  and  the  old- 
eft  natives  have  loft  ull  tradition  refpe<ft-  ' 
iog  them.     By  an  ordinance  of  Congrefs,  { 
paired  on  the   13th  of  July,  1787,  this 
country,  including  the  Indiana  Territory, 
the  country  N  of  it,  and  Wayne  Tc ;  ito- 
ry  E  of  Lake  Michigan,  for  the  p'irpofes 
of  temporary  government,  waf.  ere^ed 
iato  one  diftridt,  fubje^,  hrvever,  to  a 
divifion,  when  circumn:;iucet  fhould  make 
it  rsperl'snt.     i'he  ordinance  of  Congrefs, 
•f  July  fjth  '87,articleith,  provided  that 
there  fliould  be  formed  in  this  territory, 
Bot  lefs  than  3,  nor  more  than  5  States ; 
and  that   the  boundaries  of  the  States 
ftiould  become  fixed  and  cftr.oliflied  as 
follows,  viz.  the  weftern  State  in  the  faid 
territory  to  be  bounded  on  the  Miftllip- 
pi,  the  Ohio  and  Wabafli  Rivers ;  a  di- 
redb  line  drawn  from  the  Wabafli  and 
Poft  Vincents  due  N  to  the  territorial 
line  between  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada, and  by  the  faid  territorial   line  to 
the  Lake  of  the  Woods  and  MifTifippi. 
The  middle  State  to  be  bounded  by  the 
faid  diredl  line,  the  Wabafli  from  Poft 
Vincents  to  the  Ohio  ;   by  the  Ohio  hy 
a  d\TeiSt  line  drawn  due  N  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Miami  to  the  faid  territorial 
line,  and  by  the  faid  territorial  line.    The 
eaftern  State  to  be  bounded  by  the  laft 
mentioned  diredk  line,  the  Ohio,  Pennfyl- 
vania,  and  the  faid  territorial  line :  Pro- 
vided however,  that  tUc  bttwadaries  of 


O  H  I 

tliefc  three  States  fliall  be  fubjtd  fo  faf 
to  be  alttred,  that  if  Congrtls  hcrealtcr 
flialt  find  it  exptriitnt,  tliey  flitll  have 
authority  to  form  one  or  two  .Statri,  in 
that  part  of  the  faid  territory  which  lie* 
N  of  an  £  and  W  line  drawn  throu,»,li  the 
foutherly  bend  or  txtrtnieof  Lake  Mich- 
igan ;  and  when  any  of  the  faid  St-ites 
ftiall  have  60,000  free  inhabitants  there- 
in, fuch  ftate  to  be  admitted  by  its  dele- 
gates into  the  Congrefs  of  the  United 
States,  on  an  equal  footing  with  tiie  orig- 
inal States  in  all  refpeds  whatever ;  and 
to  be  at  liberty  to  form  a  permanent  con- 
ftitution  and  State  government.  On  the 
3d  of  Auguft,  1795,  a  treaty  was  farmed 
at  Grenvillc,  between  Major  Gen.  An- 
thony Wayne,  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Chiefs  of  the  following 
tribes  of  Indians,  viz.  the  Wyandots,  Del- 
awares,  Shawanoes,  Ottawas,  Chippewat, 
Piitawatimcs,  Miamis,  Eel  River,  Weeas, 
Kickapoos,  Pian-Kafliaws  and  Kaflcaflcias. 
By  the  3d  articleof  this  treaty.the  Indians 
cede  to  the  United  States,  for  a  valuable 
conrideration.all  lands  lying  eaftwardand 
fuuthward  of  a  line  "  beginning  at  the 
mou^h  of  Cayahoga  River,  and  running 
the  ice  up  the  fame  to.the  portage  between 
that  and  the  Tufcarawas  branch  of  the 
Mufkingum ;  thence  down  that  branch 
to  the  eroffing  place  above  Fort  Law- 
rence ;  thence  wefterly  to  a  fork  of  that 
branch  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  run- 
ning into  the  Ohio,  where  commences  the 
portage  between  the  Miami  of  the  Ohio, 
and  St.  Mary's  River,  which  h  a  branch 
of  the  Miami  of  the  Lake  ;  thence  a  weft- 
erly courfe  to  FortRecovcry, which ftands 
on  a  branch  of  the  Wabafli,  tlien  fouth- 
wefterly  in  a  direct  line  to  the  Oiiio,  f» 
as  to  interfedt  that  river  oppofits  tiie 
mouth  of  Kentucky  or  Catawa  River." 
Sixteen  trades  of  land  of  6  and  1 1  miles 
fquare,  interi'pcrlcd  at  convenient  diftan- 
ces  in  the  liuiian  country,  were,  by  the 
fame  treaty,  ceded  to  the  United  States, 
for  the  convenience  of  keeping  up  a 
friendly  and  beneficial  intercourfe  be- 
tween the  parties.  The  United  States, 
on  their  part,  "  relinquifli  their  claims  to 
all  other  Indian  lands  northward  of  the 
river  Ohio,  caftward  of  the  Miflifippi, 
and  weftward  and  fouthward  of  the  GtCrfl 
Lakes  and  the  waters  uniting  them,  ac- 
cording to  the  boundary  line  agreed  on 
by  the  United  States  and  the  king  of 
Great  Britain,  in  the  treaty  of  peace  made 
between  them  in  the  year  178.1.  Cut 
from  this  relir.qmlliment,by  the  U.  States, 

rkc 


r. 


m 

M 

;  'L_,. 


',i 


^1 


il:b 


1 1 


O  H  I 

the  folIo\vin(»  tradlt  of  land  are  explicitly 
excepted  :   ift.  The  tracH:  of  150,000 acrci 
near  the  rapids  of  the  Ohio  river,  wliich 
has  been  afllgned  to  Geo.  Clarke,  tor  the 
ufe  of  himfL'lf  and  his  warriors.    2d.  The 
poftof  St.  Vincents  on  the  river  Wabafli, 
ana  the   lands    adjacent  ;  of  which   the 
Indian  title  has  been  extinguiflied.     3d. 
The  land  at  all  other  places  in  pofTcnion 
of  the  French   people  and  other  white 
fettlers  among   them,  of  which  the  In- 
dian title  has  been  extin^iOied,  as  men- 
tioned  in   il<e  third    article  ;  and   4th. 
The  port  of    "ort    MaiTac,  towards  the 
mouth  of  the   Ohio.     To  which  feveral 
parcels  of  land  fo  excepted,  the  faid  tribes 
relinquilh  all  the  title  and  claim  which 
they  or  any  of  them  may  have."     Goods 
to  the  value  of  10,000  dolls,  were  deliv- 
ered the  Indians  at  the   time  this   treaty 
was  made  ;  and  good*  to  the   amount  of 
9,500  dolls,  at  fird  cod  in  the  U.  States, 
are  to  be   delivered  .innually  to  the  In- 
dians at  fomc   convenient    pface   north- 
ward of  the  Ohio.    A  trade  has  been  o- 
pencd,  fince  this  treaty,  by  a  law  of  Con- 
jjrefs,  with   the  forcmentioned  tribes  of 
Indians,  611  a  liberal   footing,  which  has 
given  perinantncy  to  this  treaty,  and  fe- 
curity  to  the  frontier  inhabitantt. 

Oik,  a  mofl  beautiful  river,  feparatei 
Ohio  State  and  Indiana  Territory  from 
Kentucky  and  Virginia  on  the  S  E,  Its 
current  gentle,  waters  clear,  and  bof- 
om  fmooth  and  unbroken  by  rt)cks  and 
rapids,  a  finglc  inftancc  only  excepted. 
It  is  one  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  at  Fort 
Pitt ;  500  yards  at  the  mou  1  h  of  the  Great 
K.inh?.\vay;  j  200  yards  at  Louifville, 
and  at  the  Rapids  half  a  mile,  but  its  gen- 
eral breadthdoes  not  exceed  6coyards.  In 
fome  places  its  wHth  is  not  400,  and  in  one 
place  particularly,  far  below  the  Rapids, 
it  is  lefs  than  300.  Its  breadth,  in  no  one 
place  (except  at  I  he  Rapids)  exceeds  laoo 
y.Hd.< ;  and  at  its  junction  with  the 
Mifllfippi, neither  river  is  morethan  900 
vards  wide.  Its  length,  as  meafiired  ac- 
cording to  its  meanders  by  Capt.  Hutch- 

inj,  is  as  follows  ; 

From  Fort  Pitt  to 
Log's  Town 
Big  Beaver  Creek 
Liiilc  Beaver  Creek 
Velio w  Crtek 
Two  Creeks 
Long  Reach  ' 

End  Long  Reach 
Mnntinguni 
Liulc  Kaii'iawjy 


O  H  I 

Horkhocking 
Great  Kanhaway 
Guiandot 
Sandy  Creek 
Sioto  or  Scioto 
Little  Miami 
Licking  Creek 
Great  Miami 
Big  Bones 
Kentucky 
Rapids 
Low  Country 
Buffalo  River  ' 
Wabalh    •        '»^■■'  . 
Big  Cave 
Shawanee  River 
Cherokee  River 
MalTac 
Miflafippi  :. 


1^ 

43*     • 

481 
U6 

36 

3»4     ' 

441 

64. 
5^7*     ■ 

i3i 

XX' 

46 

Xigg 


In  common  winter  and  fp^ing  floods,  it 
affords  30  or  40  feet  water  to  Louifville; 
25  or  30  feet  to  La  Tarte's  Rapids ;  40 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhaway ; 
and  a  fufTiciency  at  all  times  for  light 
batteaux  and  canoes  to  Fort  Pitt.     The 
Rapids  are  in  lat.  38  8.    The  inundations 
of  this  river  begin  aboutthe  laftof  Miarch, 
and  fubride  in  July,  although  they  fre- 
quently happen  in  other  mottths;  fo  ihat 
boats  which  carry  300  barrels  of  flour 
from  the  Monongahela,  oc  Youhiogeny, 
above  Pittiburg,  have  fcldom  loiig  to  wait 
for  water.    £)uring  the  floods,  a  iirft  rate 
man-of-war  may  be  carried  from  Louif- 
ville to  New  Orleans',  if  the  fuddeii  turns 
of  the  river  and  the  flrcngth  of  its  cur- 
rent will  admit  a  fafe  fleerage.     It  is  the 
opinion  of  fome  well  informed  gentlemen, 
that  a  veflel  proparly  built  for  the  fea,  to 
draw  i»  feet  water,  when  loaded,  and 
carrying  from  la  to  1600  barrels  of  flour, 
may  be  more  eafily,  cheaply  and  fafely 
navigated  from  Pittfburg  to  the  fea,  than 
thole  now  in  ufe;   and  that  this  matter 
only  requires  one  man  of  capacity  and  en- 
tcrprife  to  afcertain  it.     A  veflel  intended 
t.)  be  rigged  as  a  brigantine,  fnow,  or 
fliip,  fliould  he  double-decked,  take  her 
maflg  on  deck,  and  be  rowed  to  the  Ib- 
berville,  below   which  are  no  iflands,  or 
to  New-Orleans,   witli  20  men,  fo  as  to 
afford  reliefs  of  10  and  10  in  the    night. 
Such  a  vefTel,  without    the  ufe   of  oars,  it 
is  fuppofed,  would  float  to  New-Orleans 
from  Pittfburgh  in  20   days.     The  Rap- 
ids at  Louifville  dtfccnd  about  10  feet  in 
the  clillance  of  a  mile  and   a  half.    The 
bed  ui  t!ie  river  is  a  folid  rock,  and  is  di- 
vided 


vidcd 

the  fuu 
wide,  t 
bed  of 
chancel 
water,  s 
carried 
for  batti 
the  yea 
foutJicrr 
for  conft 
Waters  ii 
or  3j  fee 
the  head 
the  foutJi 
Fort  Pitt 
branchin, 
l*'ghany. 
Oiio  A 
below    p 
miles  froi 
^ith  the  ] 
ed  by  a 
flietdi  aci 
fome  place 
the  main  b 
cr  is  low,  1 
f  ably  rcgi 
Jn  the  roc 
river  is  full 
"Ptible,  ar 
nculty  or  d 
Rapids  i« 
the  defcent 
found  to  1 
defecnding 
•nuch  from 
as  from  fui 
ntfs  of  the 
jille  commj 
ids. 

06,\  Th< 
'he  State  , 
Wafliington 
W  by  the] 

ffte  inhabij 

town,  Weftl 

06io,  a  cf 

^I2iinhabi| 

06io/>^^  a  CA 

'^^  Alatamal 

Georgia. 

Obiejii'mn 
',n  the  State! 
'i>n  ca.  ou  o| 
^f  Salt  Rive 

OLhpyh 
^rc  about  4(J 
vJ^ere  the  rl 


0  H  I 

Vidcd  by  an  iiland  into  two  brnnihcf, 
the  fouihcrn  of  whicli  i«  about  aooyar<i» 
wide,  hut  impaifablc  in  dry  fcaruni,  I'hc 
Led  u(  the  northern  branch  ii  worb  into 
channel*  by  the  coiillant  courfe  of  the 
water,  and  attrition  ot  the  pcbbie-ftnnes 
carried  on  with  that,  To  as  to  be  palTable 
for  batteaux  through  the  greater  part  of 
the  year.  Yet  it  i«  thouglit  that  the 
fouthern  arm  may  be  mofl  eaGly  opened 
forconnnnt  navij;ation.  The  rife  of  the 
Water*  in  thefe  Rapids  docs  not  exceed  30 
or  3j  ftct.  There  ii  a  fort  Htuatrd  ai 
the  head  of  the  Falls.  .  'i'he  ground  on 
the  fuutli  iide  rifck  very  gtadunlly.  At 
Fort  Pitt  the  rirer  Ohio  IoIm  it4  name, 
branching  into  the  Monongaliela  and  AU 
It'ghany. 

0/jh  kapidi  lie  in  ht.  30  S  N,  705  miles 
below  Pittlburg  to  the  S  W,  and  48'i 
miles  from  the  coiinuence  of  the  Ohio 
with  the  Millifippi.  They  arc  occa finn- 
ed by  a  ledge  of  iitne-flone  rocks  that 
ntet'.h  acrofk  the  bed  of  the  river.  In 
fome  places  the  fall  ia  perpendicular,  but 
the  main  body  of  the  Water,  when  the  riv- 
er is  low,  runs  along  a  channel  of  a  tol- 
erably regular  flnpe  which  has  been  worn 
in  the  rock.  In  the  faring,  when  the 
river  is  full,  the  rapids  are  fcar.:ely  per- 
ceptible, and  boats  defcend,  without  dif- 
ficulty or  danger.  The  fituation  of  the 
Rapids  is  truly  delightful.  In  levelling 
the  defcent  of  thefe  Rapids,  it  has  been 
found  to  be  zi^feet  in  two  miles.  In 
defcending  them,  the  danger  arifcs  sot  fo 
much  from  the  Iwiftnefs  of  the  currl-nt 
as  from  funkcn  rocks,  and  the  fhallow- 
ntfs  of  the  water.  The  town  of  Louif- 
ville  commands  a  grand  view  of  the  Rap- 
ids. 

Obl»^  The  north-wefternmoft  county  of 
the  State  of  Virginia,  bounded  E  by 
Wafliington  co.  in  Pennfylvania,  and  N 
W  by  the  river  Ohio,  which  divides  it 
from  the  State  of  Ohio.  It  contains  4483 
free  inhabitants,  and  £57  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Wtft  Libtrty. 

Obit,  a  coimty  of  Kentucky,  contains 
1121  inhabitants,  of  wham  x  ii  arc  flaves. 

Ohiope,  a  fmall  northern  trilnitary  (Ircam 
«f  Alatamaha  river,  in  Ojjiethorpc  co. 
Oeorgia. 

OA/c/iiVw'nq'o,  a  tradt  of  land  fo  called 
in  the  State  of  ''■•nt«cky,lituatcd  in  Nci- 
!'on  cii.  ou  Oliionvcr,  and  fouth-weflward 
«)f  Sriit  River. 

OLUpyU  Fills,  in  Yougliiogany  River, 
arc  about  ao  feet  perpendicular  lieiglif, 
vhere  the  river  is  8©  yards  wide.    Tiicy 

You  L  JJ  D  d 


OLD 

are  .^0  or  ^o  miles  from  the  mouth  cf 
this  river,  where  it  mingles  its  wattii 
with  the  Monongahela. 

O'ji'laLo;,  an  id/nd  in  the  i.  Pacitij 
Ocean.     S  lat.  9  .?5,Wliing.  1J9  6. 

Oil  Cre:i,  in  Allcghsny  to.  Pennfylva- 
nia,  iflucs  from  a  fpring,  on  tlie  top  (<f 
which  Ho^ts  an  oil,  fiiiiilar  to  that  c.tlt* 
ed  fiarbadoes  tar,  and  cmptlci  into  Alli* 
ghany  River.  It  is  found  in  fiich  quant)-> 
ties,  that  a  man  may  gather  fcvcr.il  ^m!- 
lons  ill  a  day.  The  troops  fent  to  jjii.trd 
the  Wcncrn  Pofts,  halted  at  this  fprinj, 
collfJftcd  fome  of  the  oil,  and  bathed 
their  jointi  with  it.  This  gave  then 
graat  relief  from  the  rheumatic  cor.i* 
plaints,  with  wlych  tliey  wcie  aflliiTlcd. 
The  waters,  of  which  tlic  troops  dr.inlc 
freely,  operated  as  a  gentle  cathartic. 

Oijftfns  Bay,\t  near  the  fouthcru  extrem- 
ity of  the  iiland  of  Barbadoes,  in  the  W. 
Indies.  It  is  formed  to  the  S  E  by  Ken- 
dal's Point,  The  bay  is  well  ucfendrd  by 
forts.  The  town  of  Oiftins  flands  on  this 
bay. 

Olammon  Strtatti^  (N.  B.  Olammon  me.^n« 
red  earth  or  paint,  which  is  fnuud  on  the 
banks  of  the  Aream)  riles  in  townfliijk 
N  .^8  of  the  Lottery  Lands,  is  about  xa 
miles  long,  and  enters  the  Penobfcot  oa 
its  E  ilde  in  townHiip  N  3,  oppoiltc. 

0!J  Cape  Prancoit  forms  the  N  point  of 
EcoflbifeorCofbcckB.iy,ontheN  EpartoC 
the  idand  of  St.  Domingo.  Ail  the  Freucli 
fliips  coming  from  Europe  or  the  Win<l« 
ward  Ulaiids,  and  bound  to  the  north  or 
weft  part  of  St.  Domingo  Ifland,  are  obi;  2;- 
ed  to  come  in  Sght  of  the  Cape  Samana, 
(near  17  league:;  S  E  by  E  of  tliis  cape  ) 
or  at  leaft  of  Old  Cape  Francois,  on  ac- 
count of  the  dangers  of  flioals  to  the  caic. 
It  is  about  five  leagues  caft  of  Cape  dc  la. 
Roche.  N  lat.  19  40  ^0,  W  long,  from 
Paris  74  »». 

Old  Fart  Bay  is  fituated  at  the  fouth 
end  of  the  Idaiid  of  St.  Lucia, in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  having  St.  Mary's  Iflaud  and  Baj 
to  the  cafl. 

Old  Fort  IJIa'ids,  in  Efqwimcaux  Bay,  oa 
the  coaft  oi  Labrador,  in  N.  America.  N 
lat,  5  J  i.\,  W  long.  ^7  48. 

Old  Hffrbour,  OH  the  fouth  coaft  of  tlic 
illaad  of  Jamaica  in  the  \V.  Indies,  is  tf» 
the  weft  ward  of  Port  Roy:il.  There  ara 
a  number  of  flinals  and  iilands  in  the  en- 
trance tt>  it.  Under  lonie  of  them  thcrfl 
is  fafe  riding,  in  from  [\i  to  ci^ht  fath- 
oni"!. 

Old  Mint  Cc.'i,  ill  New  Jerfcy,  emn- 
tis5  into   Utiaware  rivor,   a'i>oiit  4  inil«« 

btlyw 


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V: 


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below  Penn'ii  Neck,  and  ffparatei  the 
counties  of  Sairm  nnd  OloticcHcr. 

Old  Mtit'i  fort  liei  northward  of  I-im3 
River  in  Piru,  S  or  9  miUs  N  of  Cada 
vayllo  River. 

Old  Read,  a  town  and  hnrbniir  in  the 
idund  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  India*. 

Old  Road  Bay,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the 
Ifland  of  St.  Chriftophct**,  in  the  W'ttt- 
Indie*,  between  clmrch  Cut  W  and 
Bloody  Point  E.  There  ii  from  5  fo  ij 
fatlionis  near  the  fliorc,  and  the  lead  to- 
wards the  fort. 

Old  Road  Tow*,  on  this  l)ay,  lies  be- 
tv-cen  Bad  and  Black  Rivers,  aud  is  a  port 
of  entry. 

Old  Town,  or  Frank*!  Old  Toww,  on  Ju- 
niatta  River.    See  Franlf  own. 

Old  Town,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  on 
Staten-Ifland,  1 2  miles  S  W  of  N.York  city 

Old  Town,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  Mary- 
land, Alleghany  co.  in  lat.  39  30,  on  the 
K  bank  of  Patomac  river,  and  W  fide  of 
Saw  Mill  Run  ;  14  miles  S  E  of  Cum- 
berland, and  14a  W  by  N  of  Baltimore. 

Old  Town,  N.  Carolina,  near  Bruuf- 
wick. 

Old  Town,  a  fmall  town  of  Georgia,  on 
the  Ogeeche«i  River,  85  miles  N  W  by  W 
of  Savannah. 

OU  Town,  called  Indian  Old  Town,  is 
•n  one  of  ..he  54  iflands  refcrvcd  by  the 
Indians  for  their  ufe  in  Penobfcot.  The 
ifland  contains  about  200  acres  on  which 
is  their  church  and  village. 

Old  Town  Fallt,  or  Gnat  Folh,{o  called 
in  Penobfcot  River,  about  half  a  mile  be- 
low the  Indian  Village,  on  Old  Town 
Mand. 

Oleoul,  a  fmall  creek  which  empties  in- 
to the  eaft  branch  of  Sufquehannah,  5 
milcsNEof  the  mouth  of  Unadilda  River. 

Olinda,  the  chief  town  of  the  captain- 
Ihip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Brazil, S.Ameri- 
ca. It  is  fometimes  called  Ptrnambuco, 
mnd  has  a  good  harbour  iituatcd  north  of 
Cape  St.  Augufline,  and  fouth  of  Para- 
ibo.  It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  16  30, 
but  was  retaken  by  the  Portiiguefe.  S 
lat.  8  13,  W  long.  35  5. 

Olltros,  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is  6 
leagues  S  £  of  Quemada  Morro,  or  Hrad- 
land,  and  as  far  N  N  W  of  Porto  Caval- 
16.  It  is  little  frequented  on  account 
of  want  of  trade,  although  it  is  a  good 
harbour  in  cafe  of  fqualls  from  the  muun- 
tains,  or  from  Orong  currents  fetting 
vlown  from  the  fea. 

Omaguat,  a  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting 
tbc  baa]|»  of  tbc  river  Amazon,  and  con- 


verted to  Chriflianity  tn  th*  year  »6R(C, 
bv  Father  Fritz,  a  SpHnifli  miHionary. 
'1  hcv  flat  the  hind  and  fure  part  of  the 
heads  of  their  childn n,  which  gives  them 
a  monftrous  apnea  tance.  They  make  » 
j(ft  of  other  nations,.calling  them  calabafli 
heads. 

Omara,  a  river  en  the  coafl  of  Brazil, 
whufe  mouth  is  in  lat.  5  0  S,  and  long. 
36  O  W.     See  Copt  Rocque. 

Omafun,  a  jurildi(flion  in  the  diocefeof 
I.a  Paz,  in  Peru.  It  begins  almofl  at  the 
gates  of  the  city  of  la  Paz,  and  extends 
20  leagues,  being  Sounded  on  the  W  by 
the  famous  lake  of  Titi  Caca.  The  air  of 
this  jurifdi«Slion  is  fomewhat  cold,  fd  that 
it  produces  little  grain;  but  has  nume< 
rous  flocks  of  cattle  fed  in  its  paAures  ; 
there  isbefides,  a  very  advantageous  trade 
carried  on  in  another  jurifdiiflion  by  the 
Indians  living  on  the  borders  of  the  lake, 
who  are  remarkably  indudtious  in  im» 
proving  that  advantage. 

Otnee,  a  corrupt  name  for  Tht  Miami 
of  the  Lale ;  which  fee.  The  Miami 
towns  on  its  bank*  are  called  the  Omee 
Towns,  or  Au-Mi,  by  the  French  Ameri*- 
cans,  as  a  contradlion  of  Au  Miami. 

Omee  Town,  one  of  the  Miami  Town*, 
fituated  on  a  plcafant  point  formed  by  the 
jundlion  of  the  rivers  Miami  and  St.  Jo- 
fcph.  This  town  ftood  on  tlie  £  hank  of 
the  latter,  oppofite  the  mouth  of  St.  Ma- 
ry's River,  and  was  denroyed  in  Ocn> 
Harmar's  expedition,  in  1790. 

OmoaB,  a  fmall  fortified  town  in  the 
Spanifh  Main,  at  the  bottom  of  the  Bay 
of  Honduras,  on  the  S  fide,  and  is  within 
a  gulf  to  the  eaftward  of  Dolce  Gulf,  into 
which  the  river  of  its  name  comes  from 
the  fouthward.  It  has  a  good  harbour, 
which  is  open  to  the  N  W,  in  which  fliips 
of  any  burden  may  ride  in  perfect  fafety. 
The  Britifli  admiral,  Parker,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  people  of  Honduras, reduced 
the  flrong  fort,  which  is  fituated  on  the 
E  fide  of  the  river,  in  1779.  The  fpoil 
was  imnicnfc,  being  valued  at  3  million] 
of  dollars.  The  Spaniards  in  vain  offer- 
ed 300,000  dollars  as  a  ranfom  for  2jo 
quintals  of  quickiilver;  a  commodity  in- 
difpcnfably  neceflary  in  working  their 
gold  and  filver  mines. 

Omptmpanoofuci,  a  fliort,  furious  river  of 
Vermont,  which  empties  into  the  Connec- 
ticut at  Norwich,  cppofite  to  Dartmouth 
College.  Its  courfe  is  S  E,  its  breadth  not 
more  than  40  or  50  yards. 

OnJa.      See  Vincutt  de  la  Pazcs, 

Onatbycf  or  Oiieaicpf  an  iflaod  in  thr  ?, 

Pacific 


ONE 

^jcific  Ocean.    B.  Ut.  9  58,  \V  long.  13? 

Ovf/ivu',  on?  of  ihc  Sandwich  Iflandi, 
in  the  N<  Pacific  Oct^an,  called  »lCo  N't!- 
Ifiihit^v,  about  5  or  6  league*  to  the  wefl- 
Wiird  (>f  Acoui.  There  i*  anchoriigc  all 
»long  the  coafl  of  the  ifland.  It  producci 
plent/  of  yaiiu,  and  a  Tweet  root  called 
fee.     N  'at.  »i  50,  W  long.  160  15. 

0«riV(i, one  of  the  Six  Natinni  of  It\diani, 
containing  6z8  fouls,  who  inliAlijt  the 
country  S  of  Oticida  Lake,  called  the 
Qneida  RcfcrVtition.  Their  principal  viU 
\ige,  Kahnonwulohale,  it  about  ao  miles 
S  W  «)f  Whiteftowij.  Thefc  ltidiaij%  for 
a  number  of  years  pad,  have  been  i  nder 
the  paftoral  care  of  the  Rcv.iyf  r.  Kirkl»ad, 
who,  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjeant,  hnvi: 
Ixcn  chiefly  fiipported  in  their  milTion, 
by  the  focicty  eflabliflicd  in  Scotland  for 
promoting  Chrifliaa  knowledge.  This 
pation  receives  an  annuity  from  the  State 
of  Ne\r*york,  of  3,jja  clollars,  for  lands 
nurchafcd  of  them  in  1795,  and  an  annu- 
ity of  about  628  dollars  from  the  United 
States.  With  thefc  annuities,  (which  op- 
crate  %%  ?  difcouragenient  to  indiifity) 
together  with  the  corn,  beans  and  pota- 
toes raifed  by  the  (iauaws,  and  the  fif]i 
and  game  caught  by  the  mea,  afford  them 
a  barely  tolerable  rubfiftencc.  They  arc 
a  proiiu  nation,  and  affeA  to  defpife  their 
neighbours,  the  Stockhrldge  and  Brother- 
ton  Indiatis,  for  their  attention  to  agricul- 
ture ;  but  they  already  begin  to  feel  their 
dependence  on  them,  and  are  under  a  ne- 
cefllty  of  purchafing  provilions  of  them. 
The  nation  is  divided  into  three  tribes,  ur 
flans,  by  the  names  of  the  Wolf,  the  Bear, 
apd  the  Turtle,  They  have  their  name 
from  their  Pagan  Deity,  which  feme  few 
of  the  nation  Qill  worfliip,  and  which  it 
nothing  more  th<in  a  mifliapen,  rude,  cy- 
lindrical/7anir,of  about  lao  pounds  weight, 
in  their  language  called  Oneija,  which  llg> 
jiiifict  the  Upright  Stone.  Formerly  this 
Aone  was  placed  in  tlie  crotch  of  a  tree, 
and  then  the  nation  fuppofed  themfelves 
invincible.  Thefe  Indians  are  all  of  mix- 
ed blood  ;  there  hat  not  been  n/iure  One- 
ida for  feveral  years  pafl. 

OiteiJa  Lake  is  al>out  20  miles  W  of  Old 
Fort  Staawix,  State  of  N.  York,  and  is  be- 
tween %o  and  30  miles  long,  and  about  5 
miles  wide.  It  is  conneiEled  with  Lake 
Ontario  on  the  W  by  Ofwego  River,  and 
with  Fort  Stanwix  by  Wood  Creek,  j 

Oneiia,  a  county  of  N.  York,  bounded  j 
N  E  and  E  by  Hcrkemer  co.  S  E  by  Otfe- 
go  CO.  S.  by  Oneid)  Lake  and  Chenango  | 


O  N  0 


CO.  W  by  Lake  Ontario.  It  I4  well  m- 
tcrcd.  The  foil  it  fertile.  Inhabitants 
11,047. 

Qtiimick  Point  is  the  S  W  point  'of  the 
continent  of  North  America,  on  the  N  W 
coafV,  and  the  S  liinit  of  Hiiflol  Bay.  Pt 
is  8a  leagues  S  .S  W  of  Cape  Ncwcnham, 
or  the  N  point  oftli.it  extenlive  b.iy  ;  and 
in  lat.  54  30  N,  and  long.  163  30  W. 

0-Nimamiu,  a  liarhour  on  the  S  E  coafl 
of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Society  Ifland^t,  in 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  N  E  of  Oiietu- 
na  Harbour,  on  the  fame  co.nfl. 

Onion  Cjfc,  on  the  S  W  lleJc  of  New. 
fnundland  Ifland,  is  .ibont  4  Iragues  W  of 
Qiiirpon  Ifland.  or  the  northern  point  of 
that  extent'ivc  ffl.md. 

Onion  Rivir,  in  the  State  of  Vermont, 
formerly  called  Frnnh  Rlv.-r,  and  by  tlic 
Indians  IVinonJii,  rifcs  in  Cibot,  about  14 
miles  Wof  Connc<5\icnt  Uivcr,  and  is  nav- 
igable for  fmaU  veil'clj  5  miles  from  its 
mouth,  in  t,a\fc  Champlain,  between  the 
towiis' of  Burlington  and  ColchcOcr ;  and 
for  boats  between  its  feveral  falls.  It  is 
one  of  the  fi  Rftftrcams  in  Vermont,  and 
runs  through  a  mofl  fertile  country,  the 
produce  of  which  for  feveral  miles  on 
each  fide  of  the  river,  is  brought  down  t« 
the  lake  at  Burlington.  It  is  from  to  to 
30  rods  wide,  to  the  lower  falls,  and  15  ot 
20  rods,  40  milc4  from  its  mouth,  and  itt 
defcent  in  thisdillance  it  17a  feet,  which 
is  about  4  feet  to  tlic  mile.  Between  Bur- 
lington and  Colrhcftcr,  this  river  h.is  worn 
through  a  folid  ro^kof  lime  ftone,  wricU 
in  fome  time  of  remote  antiquity  mull  have 
formed  st  this  plnce  a  prodigious  catarav't. 
The  chafm  is  between  70  and  80  feet  in 
depth  at  low  water,  and  in  one  place  70 
feet  from  rock  to  riKk,  where  a  wooden 
bridge  is  thrown  acrofs.  At  Bolton  there 
is  a  chafm  of  the  fiime  kind,  but  fomewhat 
wider,  and  the  rock  is  at  leaft  130  feet 
in  height.  From  one  tide  feveral  rocks 
have  fallcji  acrofs  the  river,  in  fuch  a 
manner  as  to  form  a  natural  bridge  at 
low  water,  but  in  a  Itluation  to  be  an  ob- 
jeifl  of  curiofity  only.  It  was  al(jng  this 
river  that  the  Indians  formerly  travelled 
from  Canada,  when  they  made  their  at- 
tacks OB  the  frontier  fettlcments  on  Con* 
nedticut  River. 

Onjndago  Caflle,  on  the  Onondago  Ref- 
ervation  Lands,  N.  York,  is  aj  miles  S  \f 
of  Oneida  Caftle. 

Onondago,  or  SjU  J.nle.  in  the  State  of 

N.  York,  is  about  U  miles  ]on(>  and  a  mile 

broad,  and    feuds  its  waters  to  Seneca 

River,      Itt  fjiltucri  is    uccaQuucd    I'v 

^'     .■.  ■  ■•-liilt 


..  i 


m\ ,! 


-^i''.  !: 


t!i;! 


1 1, 


O  N  5 


G  N  Z 


f^lt  fpringi  a  few  rods  from  Its  brinks. 
Tliefe  fpring*  arc  capable  of  producing 
immcnfc  quantities  of  fait,  and  are  in  the 
bratc  Refcrvation,  and  a  great  benefit  to 
tlic  country,  every  part  of  which  is  fo 
united  by  lakes  and  rivers  as  to  render 
the  fupply  of  this  bulky  and  aecefTary 
;irtick  very  eafy.     Sec  Salina, 

Ononilagty  a  river  of  New  York,  which 
rifes  in  the  Oneida  Lake,  and  runs  weft- 
vardly  into  Lake  Ontario  at  Ofwega  It 
is  boatable  from  its  mouth  to  the  head 
of  the  lake,  74  miles,  except  a  Call  which 
uccaGons  a  portage  cf  ao  yards,  thence 
batteaux  go  up  Wood  Creek  almoft  to 
l^ort  Stanwix,  40  miles,  whence  there  is  a 
portage  of  a  mile  to  Mohawk  River, 
toward  the  head  of  this  river,  faimon  arc 
caught  in  great  numbers. 

VBBitdugo,  a  county  of  New  York  State, 
conllfting  of  military  lands  divided  into  9 
lownlhips.  The  county  is  bounded  W  by 
Ontario  co.  and  N  by  Lake  Ontario, 
the  Onondago  River,  and  Oneida  Lake. 
The  county  courts  arc  held  in  the  village 
of  Aurora,  in  the  townfhip  of  Scipio. 
'ihis  county  is  admirably  fituated  for  in- 
land navigation,  being  interfered  by  the 
two  navigable  rivers  Seneca  and  Ofwego, 
having  belides  five  lakes  and  a  nnmbcr  of 
creeks.  For  an  account  of  the  refervcd 
lands,  fee  Mililowy  Tvwnjhifi,  The  in- 
habitants are  7406, 

O/ienJijgo,  a  port  town  and  formerly 
the  chief  town  of  the  Six  Nations,  fitu> 
ated  in  a  very  plcafant  and  fruitful  coun- 
try, on  the  S  end  of  the  lake  of  the  name, 
and  connfted  of  5  fmall  towns  or  villages. 

Onondagoes,  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  live 
near  Onondago  Lake.  About  20  years 
lincc,  they  could  furnifli  260  warriors. 
In  17  79,  a  regiment  of  men  was  fcnt  from 
Albany,  by  Gen.  I.  Clinton,  who  furprifed 
the  town  of  this  tribe,  took  33  prifotiers, 
killed  nor  14, and  returned  without  the 
lofs  if  a  man*  A  pare  of  the  Indians 
were  then  ravaging  the  American  fron- 
tiers. This  nation,  which  now  conndk 
of  450  fouls,  receives  annually  from  the 
State  of  New  Yorlc,  a,000  dollars;  and 
from  the  United  States  about  450  dol- 
lars. 

Onjloiv,  a  maritime  county  of  Wilming- 
ton diftridl,  N.  Carolina,  W  of  Cape  Look- 
nut.  It  contains  5,474  inhabitants,  inclu- 
ding i,7J7  flavcs.  Chief  town,  Swanf- 
borough. 

Oijhiv,  a  townfliip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Halitax  co.  at  the  head  of  the  Balin  of 
Xiiuas,  3 J  miles  N  £  of  Wiadfor,  and  46 


N  liy  W  of  Halifax.  It  was  fettled  by 
emigrants  from  New  England. 

Onlatio,  one  of  that  grand  chain  of 
lakes  which  divide  the  United  States  from 
U.  Canada.  It  is  fituated  between  lat.  4.^ 
15  and  44  N,  and  long.  76  30  and  80  W. 
Us  form  is  nearly  elliptical ;  its  greateft 
length  is  from  S  W  to  N  E,  and  its  cir- 
cumference about  600  miles.  Thedivitlon 
line  between  the  State  of  New  York 
and  Canada,  on  the  N  paiTes  through 
this  lake,  and  leaves  within  the  United 
States  9,390,000  acres  of  the  water  of  L. 
Ontario,  according  to  the  calculation  of 
Mr.  (Tutchins.  It  abounds  with  fi{l\  of 
an  excellent  flavour,  among  which  are 
the  Ofwego  bafs,  weighing  3  or  4  pounds. 
Its  banks  in  many  places  are  fteep,  and 
the  fouthcrn  fhore  is  covered  principally 
with  beech  trees,  and  the  lands  appear 
good.  It  coromunicalCB  with  Lake  Eric 
by  the  river  Niagara.  Ic  receives  the 
waters  of  Genncflce  River  from  the  S,  and 
of  Onondago,  at  Fort  Ofwego,  from  the 
S  E,  by  which  it  communicates  through 
Oneida  Lake,  and  Wood  Creek,  with  the 
Mohawk  River.  On  the  N  £  this  lake 
difcharges  itfelf  into  the  river  CataraquI, 
(which  at  Montreal  takes  the  name  of  St. 
Lawrence)  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
is  aflcrted  that  thefe  lakes  fill  once  in  7 
years  ;  but  the  faA  is  doubted.  The  ifl- 
ands  aie  all  at  the  caftcrn  end,  the  chief 
of  which  are  Wolf,  Amhcrft,  Gage,  and 
Howe  Iflands. 

O/ilarig,  a  large,  fertile  county  of  New 
York,  bounded  N  by  the  lake  of  it^  name, 
W  by  the  Genncflce  River,  S  by  Steuben 
county.  It  is  well  watered  bv  Gcnntfl'eP 
R.  its  tributaries,  and  a  number  of  fnialt 
lakes.  Cauandarquaisthc  chief  town,  fit- 
uated at  the  N  W  corner  of  Canandarqua 
Lake,  ij  miles  W  of  Geneva,  and  30  NE 
of  Willianifljurg.  This  county  contains 
11,584  inhabitants,  ol  whom  57  are  flavcs. 

Ontario  County,  in  U.  CunadH,  confifls  of 
the  following  illandsr-^an  ifhnd  at  prcf- 
ent  known  by  the  name  of  Tonti,  (called 
Amherfl  Ifiand)  an  illand  known  by  the 
name  of  Iflc  au  Foret,  (called  Gage  ift- 
and)  an  ill.ind  known  by  the  name  of 
Grand  Ifle,  (called  Wolfe' Illand)  and  an 
ifland  known  by  the  name  of  Ifle  Couch- 
ois,  (called  Howe  Hland)  and  compre- 
hends all  the  iflanOii  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Garoqui,  to  the  cafternmoft  extrem- 
ity of  the  late  towniliip  of  Maryfb^rgh, 
calltd  Point  Ple.-^fant.  Smylb. 

Ontariu  fort,     fc;  0/-avgo. 

Oi,siitt,  a  cape  or  '^v\nt  «a  the  N  coaft 


•f  Brazil 

forming  t 

River;   tl 

fidcofthi 

«E  by  E 

Onaliijht 

tween  the 

chatka.     ' 

of  civility 

They  clotl 

in  the  fam. 

of  fowls,  i 

to  them,  il 

They  cat  r 

and  even  f 

formed  by 

kers,  tailoi 

alfo  make  n 

and  bcautii 

favagcs,  wit 

out  laws  Ol 

impiilfe  of  t 

ly  barter   t 

commoditic! 

harbours,  ti 

one  Is  a  hot 

but  fertile. 

Jong-  187  60 

Oprclon  Cr 

of  Patowmac 

Ojips,  a  V 

Pcnnfylvania 

Ogitago,  in 

"  a  port  ofiic 

ton. 

Or,  Cape  d' 
on  the  N  fit 
Some  fmall  p 
found  here. 

Ota  Cabeca . 
andof  Jamait 
Jfrong  fort  on 
^;  at  both  t 
age  for  large 

Oranai,  or  j 
Iflands  in  the  , 
from  Mowec. 
46  N,  and  bn' 

Orang',  Key, 

>n  the  Weft  In 

79  37. 

Orange,  a 

m.iica,  E  N  E 
Ije  within  land 
Town,  Alfo  a 
'^'me  ifland,  be 
I^orth  Ncgril  J 
Orange,  a  cat 
<^"'cr,  S  E  of  ( 
*0|  \Y  Jong.  JO 


O  R  A 


•f  Brazil,  oppoGte  to  Cape  St.  LaTrrcnce, 
forming  together  the  points  of  Laguariba 
River ;  the  latter  cape  being  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  river.  Tlie  river  is  to  leagues 
S  E  by  £  of  Buhia  Baxa. 

Onalujhka,  cr  Unahifiko,  an  ifland  be- 
t\veen  the  coafl  of  America  and  Kamf' 
cLatka.  The  inhabitants  have  a  degree 
of  civility  not  common  among  lavages. 
They  clothe  thcmfclve*  like  other  peopU 
in  the  fame  ftate  of  fociety,  with  the  iTcins 
of  fowls,  &c.  wearing  the  feathers  next 
to  them,  the  fkins  being  neatly  drelTcd. 
They  cat  raw  fi(h,  birds,  roots,  berries, 
and  even  fea-wccd.  All  fewing  is  per- 
formed by  the  females,  who  arc  fliocma- 
kers,  tailors,  and  boat  builders.  They 
alfo  make  m%ts  and  baflcetii  of  grafs,  flrong 
and  beautiful.  But  they  are  a  race  of 
favagcs,  without  religion  or  morals,  with- 
out laws  or  government,  following  the 
imptilfc  of  the  moment.  They  frequent- 
ly barter  their  children  and  wives  for 
commodities  needed.  It  has  fcvcral  good 
harbours,  two  burning  mountains,  near 
one  Is  a  hot  fpring.  The  land  is  rocky 
but  fertile.  Fifli  and  fowls  are  plenty  ; 
long.  187  60  W.lat.  53  29  N.     Alavur. 

Offcion  Creek,  fn  Virginia,  a  S  W  water 
of  Patowmac  River. 

Ofps,  3  village  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  6  miles  S  E  of  Bethlehem. 

Oguago,  in  Tioga  co.  New  York.  Here 
Is  a  poft  office,  407  milts  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Or,  Cape  iT,  in  Nova  Scotia,  is  fitu^ted 
on  the  N  fide  of  the  Bafm  of  Mina?. 
Some  fmall  pieces  of  coj)per  have  bctii 
found  here. 

Ota  Cabeca  Bay,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  in  the  Welt  Indies,  has  a 
ftrong  fort  on  the  E  fide,  and  Salt  Gut 
W;  at  both  thcfe  places  is  good  anclior- 
age  for  large  vefl'eis. 

Oranai,  or  Rano',  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Iflands  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  9  miles 
from  Mowee.  The  point  S  is  in  lat.  20 
46  N,  and  long.  >56  .^3  W. 

Orangs  Key,  one  of  the  B.ihama  Iflands 
in  the  Weft  Indies.  N  lat.  'i4  28,  W  long. 
79  ,17. 

Orange,  a  bay  on  the  N  E  ''oafl  of  Ja- 
Tn.iica,  E  N  E  of  the  high  mountnin,  a  lit- 
tle witliin  land,  uiuler  which  isCrawford's 
Town.  Alfo  a  bay  at  the  N  W  end  of  the 
lime  idand,  between  Green  Ifland  N  and 
North  Ncgril  harbour  S  or  S  W. 

Orange,  a  cape,  the  E  point  of  Oyapok 
River,  S  E  of  C?yttiiic  Uland,  N.  \iX.  <i 
JO,  W  long.  JO  JO. 


O  R  A 

OrMitgt  Key,  or  Cay,  a  fmall  ifland  in 
Orange  Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica. 

Orange,  a  county  of  Vermont,  which 
contains  i8,2.^S  inhabitants.  It  is  bound- 
ed W  by  part  of  Addifon  and  Chittenden 
counties,  and  E  by  Conncdicut  River. 
It  now  contains  so  townlbips.  The  coun- 
ty town,  Newbury,  and  ihe  townfliips  S 
of  it,  viz.  Bradford,  Fairlce  and  Thctford, 
front  Connedlicut  River.  It  is  high  land, 
and  fends  numerous  ftreams  in  oppofite 
dircdiions,  both  to  Conne<5licut  River  and 
to  Lake  Champlain. 

Orange, »  townfl\ipon  the  N  line  of  the 
above  county,  in  the  N  E  corner  of  which 
is  Knox's  Mountain,  It  has  33S  inhab- 
itants. 

Orange,  formerly  Cardigan,  a  townftip 
in  Grafton  co.  N,  Hampfliire,  which  gives 
rife  to  an  E  branch  t)f  Mafcomy  River. 
?t  was  incorporated  in  1789;  contains 
203  inhabitants ;  and  is  20  miles  £  of 
Dartmouth  College. 

Orange,  a  townfhip  of  Mafiachufctts, 
on  the  E  line  of  H^mpfhiqc  co.  on  Mil- 
ler's River,  75  mifes  N  W  by  W  of  Bofton. 
It  wa«  incorporated  in  1783, and  contains 
766  inhabitants. 

Orange,  a  mountainous  and  hilly  co.  of 
New  York,  bounded  N  by  Ulfter  co.  E  by 
Hudfon  R,  S  E  by  Rockland  co.  S  W  by 
N.  Jerfcy.  It  is  divided  int6  9  townfliips, 
of  which  Goflien  is  the  chief.  It  contains 
29,355  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,145  """c 
Haves.  In  this  county  are  raifcd  large 
quantities  of  excellent  butter,  which  is 
collected  at  Newburgh  and  New  Wind- 
for,  and  thence  tranfported  to  Ntw  York. 
^On  the  N  fide  of  the  mountains  in  this  co. 
is  a  very  valuable  tradl  called  the  Drotun- 
ed  Lands,  containing  about  40  or  50,000 
acres.  The  waters  which  defccnd  from 
the  furrounding  hilli<,  being  but  Hovvly 
difcharged  by  the  river  ilRiing  from  it, 
cover  thefe  vaft  meadows  every  winter, 
and  render  them  extremely  fertile;  but 
they  cxpofe  the  vicinity  to  iutermitteuts. 
Watlkill  Rivtr,  v.  hich  pall es  through  this 
tra<5t  and  empties  into  Hudron's  River,  i<, 
in  the  fpring,  ftortd  with  very  large  eels 
in  great  plenty.  The  bottom  of  this  riv- 
er is  a  broken  rock;  and  it  i*  fnppol'ed 
that  for  ^1,000  the  ch.<nnel  mi;2lit  be 
deepened  fo  as  to  dr.iin  olV  the  waters, 
and  thereby  redeem  irom  the  floods  » 
large  tratil  «)f  rich  land,  tor  gral's,  hemp, 
and  Indian  corn. 

Ot.tnge,  c.iiled  alfo  Ortingchle,  a  town 

cciiU'-iuitij  about 

tijjlity 


^ 


'  iu  Efltx  «.o.  N-  Jtrfty, 


f 


O  R  A 

ctghty  houfes,  a  Preflbytcriaa  churdi,  and 
a  flourilliing  academy,  an4  lies  N  W  of 
Kewark,  adjoining. 

Orange,  A  county  of  Hilliboroiigh  dif- 
tt'vSt,  N.  Carolira;  bounded  N  hy  Caf- 
well  CO.  S  by  Chatham,  £  by  Granville, 
undW  by  Guilford.  The  river*  Haw  and 
Enoe  in  this  county  have  lands  on  their 
bordeif.  It  contains  15,657  inhabitants, 
of  whom  3,3»7  aie  flaves.  Chief  town, 
HiUfborottgh. 

Orangt,  a  county  of  South  Cwolina,  in 
Orangeburg  didrid. 

Otange,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  by  Culpepper,  and  S  by  Albemarle. 
It  contains  6,207  free  inhabitants,  and 
5,'.t42  flaves.  The  court  hovfe  is  lituated 
20  miles  from  Culpepper  court  houfc,30 
from  Chariotteville,  and  373  from  Phila- 
delphia. The  county  is  55  miles  long, 
and  10  broad,  contaming  320,000  acres. 
Much  of  the  land  has  been  fo  long  culti- 
vated with  tobacco  and  Indian  corn,  that 
it  is  greatly  impoverifhed.  There  are  3 
JEpiTcopal  churches,  5  or  6  Baptift  and  i 
Prefbyterian  church  in  the  county.  At 
the  court  houfie  is  a  poft  office,  117  miles 
from  Waihington, 

Orangiburgy-i.  diflrii^  of  South C*roUna, 
bounded  S  W  by  Edido  River.  It  is  di- 
vided into  i  counties,  viz.  Lewifburg, 
Orange,  and  Lcxingtoa,  In  the  interior 
of  this  drOriifl  are  extenfive  forcft^?  of 
pine.  It  is  watered  by  the  N  and  S  branch- 
es of  the  EdiQo  River,  and  has  15,766  in- 
habitants, of  whom  5,356  ai£  flav£s.  iaae 
South  Carolina. 

Orangeburg,  a  poft  town  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  capital  of  the  above  diAri(n:,  is 
on  the  £  Ode  of  the  N  branch  of  Edifto 
River.  It  has  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and 
•bout  20  houfcs ;  77  miles  N  N  W  of 
CharlefVun,  40  foutherly  of  Columbia, 
and  721  from  Philadelphia. 

OrangetvwH,  ot  Greenlandf  a  plantation 
in  Cumb'erlaiid  co.  Maine,  N  W  of  Wa- 
terford.  One  branch  of  Songo  River  ri- 
fes  in  the  northern  part  of  this  plantation, 
within  about  3  miles  of  Amarifcoggin 
River,  where  there  is  a  pond,  two  miles 
long,  called  Songo  Pond ;  from  thence  the 
ftream  runs  fouthward.  It  is  very  diiG- 
cult  to  ciTedl  roads  through  this  mountain- 
ous country;  fome  of  the  mountains  af- 
fording precipices  200  feet  perpendicular. 
The  <ides  of  the  mountains  and  vallies 
are  fertile,  produce  good  crops,  and  in 
feme  inflances  afford  wild  onions  which 
rcfemble  thofc  that  are  cultivated.  Win- 
ter rye,  which  is  tlie  chief  produce,  has 


amounted  to  20  bufhels  an  acre.  The 
covntry  in  the  neighbourhood  iormorJy 
abounded  with  a  variety  of  game,  viz. 
mocfe,  deer,  bears,  beaver,  racoon,  fable, 
&c.  but  Tince  it  has  been  inhabited,  game 
has  become  fcarce ;  deer  are  eziirpACed 
from  the  vicinity;  fome  moofe  remain 
among  the  mountains,  and  a  few  beaver, 
that  aia  too  fagaciotu  to  be  taken  by 
the  mod  crafty  hunter.  Since  the  deer 
have  been  deftroyed,  the  waives  have 
wholly  left  this  part  of  the  country. 

Orangetcwn,  or  Tampan,  in  Orange  CO. 
New  York,  is  fituated  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  Tappan  Sea,  oppofitc  Phillipfburgh, 
and  about  27  miles  N  of  New  York  city. 
The  townihip  is  bounded  E  by  Hudfoa 
River,  and  S  by  the  State  of  New  Jerfcy. 
It  contained  in  1790,  X175  free  inhabi- 
tants, and  203  flaves. 

Orangetmvn,  in  Wafhlngtoa  CO.  Maine, 
is  19  miles  from  Machias. 

Orcbilla,  one  of  the  I^ceward  Iflauds  it 
the  W.  Indies,  iituated  near  the  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America  ;  between  the 
iflands  of  Tortuga  and  Rocai  15  or  16 
leagues  N  W  of  the  former,  and  6  or  7 
E  and  £  by  M  of  the  latter.  It  is  about 
8  leagues  long.  On  the  S  arid  S  W  Gdc, 
the  flrand  is  (lecp  and  bold,  fo  that  a  (hip 
may  lay  her  broad  fide  clofe  to  the  ihore : 
bat  the  ff  Cde  is  foul  and  rocky.  Here 
is  no  good  water,  nor  indeed  any  thing  elfe 
but  ffaelter  from  nor  therly  winds,  and  goat's 
flcfli.  It  is  divided  into  feveral  fmali  ifl- 
ands, feparated  from  each  other  by  fhal- 
low  canals.  N  iat.  11  52,  W  long.  65  15. 
Otdado  Rod,  near  the  coad  of  Peru,  is 
4  miles  S  by  E  of  Port  Callao.  N^ar 
it  are  fome  unaller  ones,  and  round  them 
from  9  to  16  fathoms  water. 

Oreabou,  or  Oreebou,  a  fmall  elevated  ifl- 
and,  cbie  to  the  N  fide  of  Oneeheow,  one 
of  the  Sandwich  Iflands ;  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  reef  of  coral  rocks.  It 
contains  about  4,000  inhabitants.  N  Iat. 
44  1,  W  lon^.  160  8. 

Oregon  Hiver.  See  Riiur  of  the  Wtjt. 
Orford,  a  pofl  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bi:  i  of  Connc<fli- 
cut  River,  about  i  <i  miles  N  of  Hanover, 
and  oppofite  to  Fairlce  in  Vermont.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1761,  ao.d  contains 
988  inhabitants.  The  foap  rock,  which 
has  the  property  of  fuller's  earth  in  cleanf- 
ing  cloth,  is  found  here ;  alfo  allum  ore, 
free  done  fit  for  building,  and  a  grey 
(lone,  in  great  demand  for  mill  fionci., 
reckoned  equal  in  quality  to  the  import- 
ed buir-ft«nc».  .V.., 

■    '         OrforJ^ 


kX 


Or/ora\ 
ef  the  Jar 
Sound  in 
Atlantic  < 
Or/ord, 
CanadS,  < 
ford,  N  an 
'avians;  i 
irie,  and 
northward 
Orfard^a. 
Afcot,  hav 
*as  a  con I 
another  in 
Orlatidj  a 
en  the  E  bs 
mouth,  Iiav 
Bobfcot  on 
E.    It  is  17 
Orphan  I/i 
teat  River,  < 
land  on  the 
It  contains  a 
tent  tillage  U 
Orinoio.     { 
Orifaba,  thi 
W,  vifible  6( 
volcanic  in  r 
*o  years.    TJ 
this  province. 
Orleans,  th( 
counties  of  v 
Mcmphrcmai 
Wn  part  of  it 
17  townfliips. 
fends  its  watei 
of  the  comp 
Black  Rivers  « 
"/gog;  the  1 
MifEfcoui,,  La 
rifing  here,  fa 
fhofe  of  Mulh 
into  Connedh'c 
Jnhabitants, 

Orleans,  a  pc 
WafTachufctts, 
PartofEaflham 
R  has  Harwich 
from  Bofbn. 
<■«  and  Mafla< 
meet  oppofi^te 
found  in  great 
JWade  an  artich 
♦houfand  barre 
'cl,  are  in  for 
'800,  there  we: 
this  town,  inhal 
*.095  fouls. 
Orleans,  IJl,  0, 

«f.  tawfciKc, 


■t-, . 


•he 
rly 

nz. 
;ilc, 
.me 
ted 
laia 
vtr, 
by 
leer 
lavc 


wttof 
;0  the 
or   16 
6  or? 
,  aboi»t 
V  Cidc, 
tafhtp 
fhore; 
1   Here 
ng  clfe 
dgoat'e 


O  RL 

Ot/ori,  Cafe,  the  ncrthwetVerhnioft  point 
of  the  large  ifland  to  the  W  of  Falkland's 
Sound  in  the  Falkland  Ifliinds,  in  the  S- 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  S 1  of  CapePercival. 
Or/ord,  tbi  tvwnjbip  of,  in  Snflfblk  co.  U. 
Canadtir  dfftinguiflicd  fometimcs  by  Or- 
ford,  N  and  S,  is  tht  rcfidtnct  of  the  Mo- 
f avians;  it  is  hounded  mi  the  S  by  Lake 
trie,  and  watered  by  the  Thames  to  the 
northwards  Smyih. 

Orfardy  a  to«nf|gp  *n  L.  Canada,  W  of 
Afcot,  having  iftdut  30  mhabitant!B.  It 
Itas  a  confidcrable  lake  in  the  N,.  and 
another  in  the  S  part  of  tiie  townfliip. 

Orlant/fa.  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
en  the  E  bank  of  Penobfcot  Sliver,  at  its 
mouth,  liaving  Buckflown  on  the  N,  Pe- 
nobfcot on  the  S,  and  Ellfworth  on  the 
£.    It  is  17  miles  N  of  Caftine. 

Orfban  I/land,  in  the  ffiOUlh  Of  PenOb- 
fcot  River,  oppofite  to  the  towns  of  Or- 
land  on  the  E,  and  ProfpeA  om  the  W. 
It  contains  about  10,000  acres  of  excel- 
lent  tillage  land. 

Orinoio.  See  Oyonvh  Kver, 
Orifaia,  the  higheft  mountain  of  Mezi> 
eo,  vifible  60  miles  diftant.  It  became 
volcanic  in  1545,  and  fo  continued  for 
7)0  years.  There  are  many  volcanoes  in 
this  province. 

Orleant,  the  middle  Of  the  3  northern 
counties  of  Vermont.  A  part  of  Lake 
Memphremagog  proje«!U  into  the  north- 
frn  part  of  it  from  Canad<t.  It  contains 
17  townfliips.  It  is  very  high  land,  and 
fends  its  waters  in  almoft  every  dircAion 
of  the  compafs.  Clyde,  Barton  and 
Black  Rivers  empty  into  Lake  Memphre- 
magog; the  waters  of  many  branches  of 
Miflifcoui,.  La  Mocllc,  and  Onion  Rivers, 
rifmg  here,  fall  into  Lake  Champlain; 
thofe  of  Mulhegan  and  PafunipPic  empty 
into  ConnedHcut  River.  It  contains  1,4  j  9 
inhabitants. 

Orlcant,  a  pod  town,  Barndable  county, 
MafTachufctts,  taken  from  the  foutherly 
part  ofEanham,and  incorporated  in  1797. 
It  has  Harwich  on  the  W,and  is  91  miles 
from  Bofh^n.  The  tides  from  Narragan- 
fet  and  MafTachufetts  Bays,  are  faid  to 
meet  oppodte  this  town.  Clams  are 
found  in  great  abundance  here,  and  are 
made  an  article  of  profitable  traffic.  A 
thoufand  barrels,  worth  fix  dollars  a  bar- 
rel, are  in  fome  years  faltcd  here.  In 
rSoo,  there  were  141  dwelling  houfes  in 
this  town,  inhabited  by  174  families,  and 
1,095  fouls. 

Orleans,  IJte  of,  is  Gtuated  in  the  river 
St,  Lawrence,   »  fmall  diftaace   below 


O  RO 

Quebec,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  ficJ'f- 
nels  of  its  foil.  It  lies  in  the  middle  d( 
the  river,  the  channel  upon  the  S  fide  rtf 
the  ifland,  the  N  fide  not  having  depth 
of  water  at  full  tide,  even  for  fliallops. 
The  S  W  end  of  the  ifland  is  called  Point 
Orleans.  The  eoaft  is  rotky  for  a  mile 
and  a  half  within  the  S  channel,  wlitrft 
there  is  a  careening  pl*ce  for  mejciwnt 
flilps.  Round  Point  Levi,  and  aloiVg  tlit 
S  E  fide  of  the  river,  the  ihorc  is' rocky, 
but  the  middle  of  the  bafon  is  entirely 
free.  ' 

Orleanst  2^nv.  See  New  Orteant  and 
LoHiJiana. 

Orleans,  Old  Fort,  is  (ftuated  on  the  \V 
bank  of  a  bend  of  MilTouri  River,  rrt 
Louifiana,  a  confidcrable  dfftance  from 
its  mouth. 

Orodada  Pina,  on  tire  coaft  of  Peru,  t% 
two  leagues  due  N  of  Lobos  de  Payta, 
and  two  S  by  W  of  Payta. 

Orotncoto,  a  river  of  New  Brorfwicfc, 
which  empties  into  St.  John's  River.  Bir 
this  paffagc  the  Tndians  have  a  communi- 
cation  with  PafTamaquoddy  Bay. 

Otondocls,  ati  Indian  tribe  who  live  near 
Trois  Rivieres,  and  could  furnifli  zoo 
warriors  about  30  years  ago. 

Oroneio,  or  Oranoque,  one  of  the  liirgcft 
rivers  of  8.  /\merica,  and  is  remarkable 
for  its  rifing  and  falling  once  a  year  only  J 
for  it  gradually  rifes  during  the  fpacc  oE 
5  months,  and  then  remains  one  month 
ftationary,  after  which  it  falls  for  5 
months,  and  in  that  flate  continues  for 
one  month  allb.  Thcfe  alternate  changes 
arc  regular,  and  even  invariable.  Per* 
haps  the  rifing  of  tlie  waters  of  the  river 
may  depend  on  the  rains  which  conftant« 
ly  fall  in  the  motintains  of  the  Andes> 
(where  the  river  has  its  fource)  every 
year  about  the  month  of  April ;  an<i 
though  the  height  of  the  flood  depends 
much  upon  breadth  or  extent  of  the  bed 
of  the  river,  yet  in  one  part  where  it  ia 
narrowcft,it  rifes  to  the  aflonifliing  height 
of  lao  feet.  The  mouth  of  the  river  i» 
S  by  E  of  the  Gulf  of  PSria,  in  lat.  8  30 
N,  and  long.  59  50  W,  and  oppofite  to  the 
Ifland  of  Trinidad.  It  is  large  and  iiavi» 
gable,  and  has  many  good  towns  on  itn 
banks,  that  are  chiefly  inhabited  by  the 
Spanifli,  and  is  joined  alfo  on  the  £  lide 
by  the  Lake  Calipa.  There  arc  two  oth- 
er iflands  at  its  mouth,  the  entrance  of 
which  is  alfo  f<)mcwli,it  dangerous,  as 
there  is  frequently  a  dreadful  confli<5t  be- 
tween the  tide  of  the  ocean  and  the  cur- 
rent of  ibc  livor,  that  mufl,  for  the  rea- 

£oa» 


''.':    '.^i' 


iilih  ■ 


il; 


ifT' 


I 


0  R  P 

ioai  alEgncd,  rometimes  run  very  rapid- 
ly. Ic  is  faid  the  river,  including  its 
\tindings,  takes  a  courfe  uf  1380  miles, 
and  prefcrvfs  the  freninefs  of  its  waters 
twelve  Itaguei  from  themnuth  of  that  vad 
and  deep  channel^  within  which  it  was 
confined.  It  may  be  confidered,  howev-, 
cr,  as  having  many  mouths,  which  arc 
formed  by  the  iflands  tliat  lie  before  its 
opeilj^g  towards  the  ocean  ;  yet  there  are 
only  t^o  that  are  contidcrcd  as  of  atiy 
iifc  for  the  purpofet  of  navigation.  Thefe 
are  the  channels  of  Sabariina  and  Coro- 
bana,  otherwifc  called  Caribbianai  'i'he 
iattcr  lies  in  a  S  by  W  diredlion,  and  is 
a)fo  divided  into  two  didindl  channels 
that  afterwards  meet  again  at  the  ifland 
of  Trinidad  in  the  mouth  of  the  Grand 
River.  But  pilots  pretend  to  fay,  that 
the  mouth  of  this  great  rivcf  begins  from 
the  river  Amugora,  reaching  from  thence 
to  the  river  Sabarima,  and  from  thence 
about  to  the  river  Caribbiana :  andfomc 
accounts  fbatc  its  mouths  to  be  40  in  num- 
ber, as  if  it  were  a  coilcdion  of  many 
rivers,  all  uniting  at  the  moi'.ih  of  the 
great  river,  and  afliding  to  convey  the 
main  Aream  of  that  river  into  the  ocean. 
The  weft  paiTage  or  channel  of  the  river 
Oronoko,  called  by  the  Spaniards  the 
Gulf  of  Paria,  lies  between  Cape  Salinas 
on  the  main  and  the  north-weft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Trinidad.  It  contains  fev- 
eral  ii1and«,  which  divide  the  ftream  of 
the  river  into  fevcral  branches,  particu- 
larly the  Great  Boco,  or  Mouth,  which  is 
the  eaftcrnmoft,  being  about  gun-lhot 
wide,  but  having  no  founding?,  with  300 
fathoms,  and  the  Little  Boco,  or  Mouth, 
vhich  is  the  wcftcrnmoft,  being  almoft  a« 
wide  as  the  other,  and  having  ground  at 
from  56  to  60  fathoms.  At  New  Cape 
Araya,  on  the  northward  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  arc  fait  pits,  which 
yield  the  fiueft  fait  in  the  world.  In  fome 
maps,  the  head- waters  are  called  Inirchia. 

Oranoio,  Little.     See  Mocomoco, 

Oronui  IJIaud,  in  Pcnobfcot  River,  at 
the  N  end  of  Mar(h's  Ifland. 

Oropefa,  a  town  in  the  jurifdiJlion  of 
La  Plata,  S.  America ;  fituated  60  miles 
N  W  of  that  city,  in  the  valley  of  Cocha- 
bamba,  on  a  fmall  rivulet  which  empties 
into  the  river  Guapay.  It  has  a  confid- 
eralile  trade  in  corn  and  fruits. 

Oroftfa,  a  town  of  S.  America,  m  Peru, 
fcated  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  750 
miles  from  Lima,  and  150  N  E  of  Potofi. 
£  l.'t.  i3,  W  long.  6.^  20. 

Qi-^kin's  Bark,  a/illipg  l^aRk  off  the  S 


O  3  A 

E  point  of  Chalcur's  Bay,  on  the  N  E  cc»aft 
of  New- Brunfwick,  ill  N.  America.  On 
it  is  from  75  to  30  fathoms  water. 

Orphan*!  Ifland^  in  Lake  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  lies  oIFthe  eaft  fliore  of  Maryf*- 
burgh,  and  near  to  it  in  Traverfe  Bay. 

OitingtoHy  a  town  in  Hancock  co. Maine, 
at  the  head  of  the  tide  on  the  eaft  fide  nf 
Pcnobfcot  River,  oppofite  the  towns  of 
Bangor  and  Hamden,  3  2  miles  northerly 
from  Caftine.     It  has  785  inhabitant!!. 

Orr/vilU,  Grainger  co.  Tcimeffee.  Here 
is  a  poft  office,  501  miles  ftom  Washing- 

tC.i. 

Orfoti't  IJlandf  in  t'enobfcot  River,  lies 
at  the  head  or  N  end  of  Marfli's  Ifland. 
It  contains  about  1000  acres.  (N.  D. 
This  ifland  and  Orano  take  their  names 
from  Indian  Chiefs  their  proprietors.) 

Orua,  or  Aruba,  the  moft  wefterly  of  the 
Caribbce  Iflands,  called  by  the  Spaniard* 
Les  Iflcs  de  Sottovento.  It  is  on  the  coaft 
of  the  Spanilli  Main.  N  lat.  i%  3,  W 
long.  69  3. 

0/-«r«,  a  jurifdidion  in  the  archbifliop- 
ric  of  La  Plata.  Its  capital  is  San  Phc- 
lipe  de  Auftria  de  Oruro,  30  leagues  from 
the  city  of  La  Plata. 

Orwel,  a  poft  town  of  Vermont,  the 
ncrth-wefternmoft  in  Rutland  co.  on  the 
E  fide  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  contains 
1376  inhabitants.  Mount  Independence 
ftands  In  this  townfliip  oppofite  Ticondc- 
roga.  Near  Mount  Independence  is  a 
chalybeate  fpring. 

Orwell  River,  U.  Canada,  rifes  in  a  long 
marih  towards  the  river  I'hames,  and 
tunning  foutherly  difcharges  itfelf  into 
Lake  Erie,  between  Landguard  and  the 
North  Foreland,  having  about  %\  feet  of 
water  011  its  bat.  There  is  water  enougli 
for  a  loaded  boat  to  go  three  miles  up 
this  river.  The  land  on  each  fide  in  ma- 
ny places  confifts  of  large  rich  flats,  ad- 
joining the  river,  which  appear  at  times 
to  have  been  overflowed  ;  and  on  the 
adjacent  highlands  is  a  deep  black  foil. 

Smyth, 

0/iiget,in  Indian  nation  who  inhabit  on 
the  river  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  riglit 
bank  of  the  Mifl^ouri,  about  80  leagues 
from  its  confluence  with  it.  They  num- 
ber aooo  warriors,  wh«)  live  in  two  fettle- 
ments  near  each  other.  They  are  of  a 
gig:^nt^c  ftature  and  well  prtiportionc  I, 
are  enemies  of  the  whites  and  of  all  other 
Inc  ian  nations,  and  commit  dcprcdatinnH 
fi  cm  the  Illinois  to  the  Arkanfas.  The 
tizde  of  this  nation  is  faid  to  be  uudfr 
sn  tsclufive  gr?Bt.      ri',7  arr  a  cruel  ;!i;-I 

fetociui:! 


leroc'ons  r 
other  Indh 

from  the  V 
MiUburj,  al 
"ppi. 

-    Ofgoode  7, 
^«f.  U.  Car 
on  the  eaft  f 
'«ij?  that  rivi 
Cpial/ruik 
Stormont  in 
fli'P  in  afcen 
The  Rapid  c 
front  of  this 
'ng    up  keep 
Weafure,  bccj 
fettled  ;  but  i 
'ally  pafs  bei 
fouth  i\-iwe^  i 
eft,  and  altogei 
inhabitants  of 
their  grain  \vi( 
Montreal   mar 
the  lumber  tra 
fafety  down  th 
which  pafs  Chi 
plain ;  it  being 
Quebec,  that    1 
St.  Lawrence  ai 
which    come    f 
I'here  is  howevi 
''ft  to  the  rafts 
fon  of  having  t{ 
Francis  and  St. 
oting  more   or 
trade.    But  as  tl 
IS  larger  than   c 
^ou's,  muft  be  pa 
Ynamplain  or  th 
"if  c  is  no  doub 
W.1I  find  its  way  , 
Some  fctrlers  hav 
J^mpt,  even  from 
^•nti ;  and  whe, 
V"y  fertile  counti 
the  Montreal  or 
''Tt  will  anfwer 
■•^quires  but  a  fc„ 
»nd  gr.-„-n  or  pot- 

^"yaimany^thci 
J     o/.-jWafma/l 

I  ";'"n,  having  the: 
J"t;ahonfe.     It  i,  ^^ 

r""i  '■"  hijjhiand; 
r-'«  no  anchoring  p 
[ords  landing  f„,^' 

r^'^^^Capt.WalJi, 
f y  the  natives. 


ml 


0  S  N 

leroc'ous  race,  hated  and  feared  hy  all  the 
other  Indiani.  !?'#"/<"'• 

Ofjge,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  runs 
from  the  W  into  the  right  banlc  of  the 
JVliirouri,  ahout  34  miles  from  the  Mifli- 
fippi. 

.  Ofgoode  Tntunjbip,  in  the  county  of  Dun- 
dflf,  U.  Canada,  is  the  fecond  townlhip 
vn  the  ead  fide  of  the  Radeau,  iti  afcend- 
inp  /hat  river. 

Gfiiabrui.k  Totunjhip,  in  the  connty  bf 
iSturmunt  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  4th  town- 
lljip  in  afcending  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
The  Rapid  called  the  Long  Saiilt,  lies  in 
front  of  this  townOiip  ;  the  boats  in  go- 
ing up  keep  the  north  fli<5re,  in  great 
Bjesfure,  bccaufe  the  foiith  Hiort  is  not 
fettled  ;  but  in  defcending  they  iinivcr- 
fally  pafs  between  the  illands  and  the 
fouth  flibre,  that  being  the  largeft,  deep- 
eft,  and  altogether  the  fafcft  paflage.  The 
inhabitants  of  late  years  have  taken  down 
their  grain  with  flfety,  on  rafts,  tc  the 
Montreal  markets.  Many  think  that 
the  lumber  trade  is  carried  oh  with  more 
fafety  down  thefe  Rapids,  than  by  thofe 
which  pafs  Chamhiy,  from  Lake  Cham- 
plain  ;  it  being  a  frequent  obfcrvation  at 
Quebec,  that  the  rafts  from  the  upper 
St.  Lawrence  are  left  ragged  than  thofe 
which  come  from  Lake  Champlain. 
There  is  however  fome  little  additional 
tiflc  to  tlie  rafts  from  U.  Canada,  by  rea- 
fon  of  having  to  pafs  the  fmall  lakes  St. 
Francis  and  St.  Louis  ;  all  broad  waters 
being  more  or  lefs  againft  the  rafting 
trade.  But  as  the  lake  St.  i'ierre,  which 
is  larger  than  cither  St.  Francis  or  St. 
Louis,  muft  be  pafled,  whether  from  Lake 
Champlain  or  the  Upper  St.  Lawrence, 
there  is  no  doubt  but  the  lumber  trade 
will  find  its  way  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Some  fettlers  have  already  made  the  at- 
tempt, even  from  the  head  of  the  Bay  of 
Quinti ;  and  when  the  produce  of  that 
very  fertile  country  fliall  be  exported  for 
the  Montreal  or  foreign  markets,  the 
raft  will  anfwer  a  double  purpofe  ;  it 
requires  but  a  few  hands  to  manage  it, 
and  grain  or  pot-afli  may  be  carried  as 
dry  as  in  any  other  way.  Smyth, 

■Ofiaburgy  a  fmall  iilnnd  in  the  S.  Pacific 
[Ojcan,  h.iving  the.appearancc  of  the  roof 
jofa  houfe.  It  is  about  4  leagues  in  cir- 
Icuit;  is  highland;  full  "f  cocoa-trees; 
|h;is  no  anchoring  place,  and  fcarcely  af- 
Ifurds  landing  for  a  boat.  It  was  dilcov- 
ered  by  Capt.  Wallis,  and  is  called  Mnitto 
Jiy  the  natives.     S  1«.   17   ja,  W  Jong. 

Vttt.  I.  S  E  e 


OSS 

Ofniflvrtt,  another  iHand  in  the  fain© 
fea,  difctivcred  by  Capt.  Carteret.  S  lit. 
22,  W  long.  I4t  34. 

0[n,ihurg  Hoifti  a  fettlement  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  in  N.  America  ; 
fitiiated  at  tlie  N  t  corner  of  Lake  St. 
Jofeph,  tzo  miles  W  by  S  of  Glouceder 
Houfe.     N  lat.  51,  W  long.  90  15. 

Oforiib,  an  inland  town  of  the  kingdom 
of  Chili,  on  the  N  bank  of  the  river  Bue- 
na  ;  41  miles  cafl  of  the  fea>coaft,  and 
45  S  E  of  Baldivia.  The  adjacent  coun- 
try is  unfruitftil,  but  very  rich  in  gold 
mines,  whicii  renders  the  place  very  pop- 
ulous.    S  lat.  40  30,  W  long.  7 1  JO. 

OJabatv  Sound  und  Ifland,  on  the  coafl 
-tjf  Georgia,  The  found  opens  between 
VVafTaw  Klandon  the  N  and  Olfabaw  Ifl- 
and  on  the  S,  and  leads  into  the  river 
Ogeechee; 

CJfapee,  dr  Ofafy,  a  pod  town,  moun* 
tain,  and  pond,  in  N.  Hampfhire,  Straf- 
ford CO.  near  the  E  line  of  the  State. 
The  town  was  incotpor'ated  in  1785,  and 
has  804  inhabitants.  The  lake  lies  N  C 
of  Winnipiferigee  Lake,  between  which 
and  OHapee  Lake  is'  Offapee  Mouatun,  It» 
waters  run  E,  and,  joined  by  South  Riv- 
er, form  Greai  OJfipei  River,  which  emp- 
ties into  Saco  River,  near  the  divilion  line 
between  York  and  Cumberland  counties, ' 
in  Maine,  between  Limerick  and  Gor- 
ham. 

Offnolian,  or  AJJcntbnyne  Indiant,  a  tribe 
found  about  the  fonrce  of  OiTnobian  or 
AfTencboyne  River,  far  Wof  Lake  Supe- 
rior.    They  are  faid  by  the   Moravian 
miilionaries  to   live   wholly   on    animal  • 
food,  or  at  leaft  to  confine  themfelves  to 
the  fpontaneous  productions  of  nature,  , 
giving  thofe  who  dig  the  ground  the  ap- 
pellation ofjlaves.    Bread  is  unknown  ru  ' 
them.      A    traveller,    who    lived    fome 
.-nonths  in  their  country,  offered  to  fome 
a  few  remnants  of  bread,  which   they 
chewed  and  fpit  out  again,  calling  it  rot-  ■ 
ten  wood.    Thele  Indians,  as  well  as  thofe 
numerous  nations  who  inhabit  the  coun- 
try from    Lake   Superior,   towards  the 
Sliining  Mountains,  are  great  admirers  of 
the  heft   hunting-horfes,    in    which   the    ' 
country  abounds.     The  horfes  prepared 
by  them  for  hunters,  have  large  holes  cut    ' 
auove  their  nat>iral  noftrils,  which  they    , 
lay  makes  them  longer  winded  than  oth- 
ers not  thus  prepared.     The  Oli'nobian*    ; 
have  no  permanent  place  of  abode,  but 
live  wholly  in  tents  made  of  buffaloeand 
otlicr  hides,  with  which  they  travel  fionx 
one  place  tj  aaether,  like  the  Arabs  ;   ' 

«nd 


\\M 


\  «■'■■! 


'11 


;.tH 


\^ 


II 


OTA 

auA  a'-  foon  as  llic  Food  for  tlicir  horfcs  i* 
tjptncicd,  they  remove,  and  j>itv.li  their 
tent*  in  another  fertile  fpot  •,  aiifl  to  on 
ront!nual)y,  fcarctly  ever  returning  to 
the  fame  Ipots  again. 

OJlico,  a  fmall  lake  in  OnoiuLigo  co.  N. 
Tfork,  partly  in  the  S  E  corn<fr  of  Mat-  I 
cclliis,  and  N  W  corner  of  the  towufliip 
N?f  Tully.  It  fends  its  waters  from  the  N 
end,  which  is  eight  miK s  S  wtftcrly  of 
Onaudago  Cattle,  by  a  ftrtam  i6  miles 
Jong,  to  Salt  Lake. 

0;1incs,  or  Cbarlff.oivn,  a  conCJerahIc 
town  in  the  ifl.md  of  Barbadors. 

Ofiucgatcbie,  Nnv,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
river  Sc.  Lawrence,  U,  Canada,  is  in  the 
townfliip  of  Augufta. 

Cfw:>ratcfjie  Hirjer,  runs  a  N  wcftcrly 
courfe  from  its  fource  into  St.  Lawrence 
CO.  N.  York;  it  then  bends  S,  and  then 
N  and  N  E  ahout  25  miles,  and  then  turns 
and  purfue*  a  weflcrly  courfe,  by  the 
northern  part  of  the  lake  of  its  name,  the 
waters  of  which  it  receives,  and  then  runs 
J  miles  N  W  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  The 
]ake  of  this  name  is  about  1 8  miles  long, 
faom  S  W  to  N  £,  and  fends  its  waters 
north- eaftward  into  the  river  of  its  name. 
It  is  about  10  miles  N  E  of  The  Tho>j- 
fand  Lakes,  near  the  entrance  into  Lake 
Ontario. 

q/kfrgatcluei,  an  Indian  tribe  reading 
at  Swagatchcy,on  the  river  Sr..La\vreiKe, 
in  Canada.  They  could  furnifli  about 
XOO  warriors,  30  years  ago. 

Ofuiego,  a  navigable  river  of  N.  York, 
which  conveys  the  waters  of  Oneida  and 
a  number  of  fmall  lakes,  into  Lake  Onta- 
rio. It  is  more  commonly  called  OnenJa' 
go.  i  which  fee. 

Ofu/ego,  a  fortrefa  fituated  on  the  E  fide 
ofithe  mouth  of  the  above  river,  and  S  E 
fide  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  lat.  43  40  N^and 
long.  75  43  W.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Britifli  from  the  French  in  1756,  and  con- 
£imed  to  thtm  by  the  peace  of  1763.  It 
was  delivered  up  to  the  United  btates 
July  14,1796.  It  is  about  150  or  j  60  miles 
£  by  N  ot  Niagara.     Here  ia  a  poll  ofiice. 

Ofivego  Creei,  Great,  in  the  CO.  of  Lin- 
coln, U. Canada,  runs  into  ihc  rivet  Wtl- 
land,  above  the  Little  Ofwego  Creek  near 
the  N  W  part  of  the  towuihip  ot  Wain- 
fleet, 

Otiriah,K  JMrifdi«Etion  in  the  province 
©f  Qiiito,  joined  on  tiie  S  to  that  of  San 
iVligiiel  de  Ibarra.  The  lands  are  laid 
out  in  plantations,  and  produce  great 
quantities  of  fugar.  The  Indian*  in  the 
,villaj;es,  ii»  atlo  tbofe  wbo  are  iiuJcpen* 


OTA 

dent,  manufa«5lure  great  variety  of  eirt- 
ton%  viz. carpets, pavilions  for  b«ds,qnilt« 
in  damafk  work,  wholly  of  cotton,  either 
white,  blue,  or  variegated  with  diiTcrenr 
colours;  all  which  are  highly  valued, 
both  in  the  province  of  Quito  and  Peru, 
where  they  are  dilpofed  of  to  great  ad- 
vantage. The  wheat  and  barley  here,  ir 
fo>rcd  like  Indian  corn,  in  little  holes,  a^ 
foot  diftant  from  cachother,  putting  5  or 
6  corns  into  each ;  and  they  generally 
reap  above  an  hundred  fold.  The  coun* 
try  U  remarkably  fertile,  and  targe  quao- 
titles  of  chcefe  vcmade. 

Otahulo,  the  principal  village  of  the 
above  jurifdiftion,  is  large  and  populous, 
and  is  faid  to  contain  xiS.ooo  or  20,000 
fouls.  Among  them  u  a  conflderable 
number  of  Spaniards. 

OtahayOnc  of  the  Society  Iflands  in  the 

^  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  whofc  north  end  i»  in 

lat.  16  a  fimth,.  and  long,  iji  10  weft. 

It  has  two  good  harbours.    See  Obamtnt 

and  Oherurua, 

Otahe'ite,  the  Santatia  of  Qiiiros,  whff 
fird  difcovercd  it  m  1606,  one  of  the  So- 
ciety Illands  in  the  South  Sea.  It  wat 
firft  vifited  by  Capt.  Wallis  in  1767,  and 
afterwards  by  Capt.  Cook  and  other  cir- 
cumnavigators. It  confiQs  of  %  peninfu- 
las,  which  are  connedled  by  a  low  neck 
of  land,  i^ut  %  miles  over ;  the  circum- 
ference of  both  peninfulas  is  fomewhat 
more  than  90.  miles.  The  whole  iiland 
is  furrounded  by  a  reef  of  coral  rocks, 
within,  which  the  fliore  forms  fcveral  ex- 
cellent bays  and  harbours,  where  there  is 
room-  and  depth  of  water  fot  any  number 
of  the  largeft  fhips.  The  face  of  the 
country,  except  that  part  of  it  which  bor- 
ders upon  the  fca,  is  very  uneven  ;  it 
rifcs  in  ridges  that  run  up  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  ifland,  and  there  form  moun- 
tains, that  may  be  fcen  at  the  diftance  of 
60  miles.  Between  thcfe  ridges  and  the 
fea  is  a  border  of  low  land  extending: 
along  all  the  coad,  except  iu  a  few  placet, 
where  the  ridgts  rife  dirtdlly  from  the 
fta.  This  border  is  of  diiTcrent  breadths, 
but  no  where  more  than  a  mile  and  a 
h.<lf.  There  arc  fcveral  rivers  which 
precipitate  their  waters  from  the  moun- 
tains. Not  the  lead  appearance  of  min- 
erals is  to  be  found.  The  ttones  fhew 
evident  tokens  of  having  been  burned. 
Traces  of  fire  arc  alfo  manilefl  in  tlie 
very  clay  upon  the  hilts.  It  may  there- 
fore not  unrcafenably  be  fuppoied,  that 
this  and  the  neighbouring  itiands  are  cir 
ther  Ihattcrcd  remain*  of  a  continent, 

-wkick 


which  we 

fuuk  by  t 

fire,  or  lu 

the  bed  0 

'    and  thro\ 

vhich  the 

except  ijpc 

is  cxtPcmci 

a  great  n, 

water,  5 

rious  kinu. 

'y   growth 

form  one  c 

of  tlie  ridg( 

burned  up 

not   withoi 

lands  betwc 

the  fea,  and 

lies,  are  the 

are  inhabitc 

lous.     Tlje 

or  towns,  hi 

border,  at  tl: 

from  each  i 

Srlt  difcovei 

were  the  o 

pigeons,  par 

oirds,  and  r; 

1'he  breed  ol 

proved  from 

hcns.jjeefe.p* 

«nd  flieep  h 

Bcafb  of  pre 

arc  none.   TJ 

bread-fruit,  c 

forts,  and  all « 

refembling  a: 

yams,  and  cc 

the  middle  fiz 

In  their  difpof 

and  generous, 


OTA 

which  were  left  behind  wlien  the  reft  vm 
funk  by  the  exptofion  of  a  fuhtcrraneous 
fire,  or  have  been  torn  from  rock*  uiuler 
the  bed  of  the  lea,  by  the  fximc  caufe, 
and  thrown  up  in  hcapi  to  an  hci°ht 
which  the  waters  never  reach.  'I'he  loil, 
except  upon  tlie  very  tops  of  the  ridges, 
is  cxtPcmely  rich  ?nd  fertile,  watered  by 
i  great  n/mbc  rivulets  of  excellent 

water,*  .oven..  h  fruit  trees  of  va- 
rious kiuu.,  fome  o  .lich  are  of  a  flate 
ly  growth  and  thick  foliage,  fo  as  to 
form  one  continued  wood  ;  even  tiie  tops 
of  the  ridges,  though  in  general  bare  and 
burned  up  by  the  fun,  arc  in  fome  parts 
not  without  their  produce.  Tiic  low 
lands  between  the  foot  of  the  ridges  and 
the  fea,  and  lomc  of  the  interjacent  val- 
lies,  arc  the  only  parts  of  the  ifland  that 
are  inhabited.  Here  indeed  it  is  popu- 
lous. The  houfee  do  not  forin  villages 
or  towns,  but  are  ranged  along  the  whole 
border,  at  the  diflance  of  aboul  50  yards 
from  each  other.  When  the  ifland  was 
firit  difcovered,  hogs,  dogs  and  poultry 
were  the  only  tame  animals ;  ducks, 
pigeons,  paroquets,  with  a  few  other 
birds,  and  rats,  the  only  wild  animals. 
I'he  breed  of  hogs  has  been  greatly  im- 
proved from  Europe-  Cats,  dogs,  goats, 
hens,  geefe,  peacocks,  ducks,  cattle,  horfes 
and  flietp  have  been  introduced  here. 
Beafts  of  prey,  or  noxious  reptiles,  there 
arc  pone.  The  vegetable  produAions  are 
bread-fruit,  cocoa-nuts,  banannas  of  13 
forts,  and  all  excellent ;  plantains ;  a  fruit 
refembling  an  apple ;  fweet  potatoes, 
yams,  and  cocoas.  The  people  exceed 
the  middle  fize  of  Europeans  in  ilature. 
In  their  difpofitions,  they  are  brave,  open, 
and  generous,  without  either  fufpicion  or 
treachery.  Except  a  few  traces  of  nat- 
ural cunning,  and  fome  traits  of  dilfimu- 
lation,  equally  artlcfs  and  inotTenlive, 
they  poflefs  the  mod  pcrfcdt  fimplicity 
of  charatSler.  Their  atftions  are  guided 
by  the  immediate  impuife  of  the  reign- 
ing paihon.  Their  palTions  are  tl;e  gen- 
uine eflPufions  of  the  heart,  which  they 
have  never  been  taught  to  difguife  or 
reprcfs,  and  are  therefore  depitSted  by 
the  Qronged  exprelFions  of  countenance 
and  gcfture.  Their  feelings  are  lively, 
hut  in  no  cafe  permanent :  they  are  af- 
fetJled  by  all  the  changes  of  the  pafling 
hour,  and  refledl  the  colour  of  the  time, 
however  frequently  it  may  vary.  Their 
vivacity  is  never  difturbed  by  anxiety  or 
care  ;  brought  to  the  brink  of  the  grave 
l«y  difsul'e,  or  when  pieparing  to  go  to 


O  T  C 

battle,  their  faces  are  unclouded  by  me!'* 
ancholy  or  fcrious  reflc<flion.  Their  lan» 
guage  IS  fof(  and  melodious ;  it  abounds 
witii  vowels,  and  is  caGly  pronounced. 
It  is  rich  in  beautiful  and  figurative  ex- 
prclljons,  and  admitfi  of  that  inverted  ar- 
rangement of  words,  which  diftinguifliCT 
the  ancient  fiom  niofl  modern  hingu^gi!a> 
It  is  fo  copious,  that  for  the  bread-fruit 
s  .  "ey  have  above  twenty  names. 
A,  (o  this,  that  befldeB  the  common  dia- 
lect, they  often  cxpoHulate  in  a  kind  of 
Clauza  or  recitative.  The  two  peninl°>i!as 
arc  but  one  kingdom.  The  number  of 
inhabitants,  in  1774,  was  cdimated  by 
Ciipt.  Cook  at  304,000.  The  power  and 
ftrength  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  iil- 
auds  lie  entirely  in  their  navies  ;  and  lU 
their  decilivc  battles  are  fought  on  the 
water.  Otaiicite  alone  is  fuppofed  able 
to  fend  out  1 7  ao  war  canoes,  and  68,coo 
able  men.  The  chief  of  each  diflriiit 
fiiperintends  the  equipping  of  the  (leet  in 
that  diftrict ;  but  (hey  mud  all  pufs  in 
review  before  the  king,  fo  that  he  know* 
the  (late  of  the  whole  belure  they  aiFcm- 
ble  to  go  on  fervice.  It  is  faid  that  when 
a  bone  is  fo  fltattercd  that  a  piece  is  mitr- 
ing, they  infert  a  piece  of  wood  between 
the  fra<5iurcd  ends,  which  heak  over  in  a 
few  days.  Women  arc  not  allowed  to  eat 
with  the  men.  The  man  is  at  full  liberty 
to  leave  his  wife  till  fhe  becomes  a  moth- 
er ;  then  he  may,  if  he  will,  deflroy  the 
child.  If  the  child  be  preferved  they 
feld(mi  part,  but  the  man  may  take  anoth- 
er wi'e.  Different  deities  are  worfliip- 
ped  in  dilTerent  parts  of  the  ifland.  If 
they  fee  others  more  profperou*  than 
thcmfelves,  they  adopt  their  gods  and  re- 
jedl  their  own.  They  believe  the  foul 
immortal,  but  have  not  dillindt  ideas  of 
rewards  and  punithments.  Though  they 
are  the  rood;  friendly  and  amiable  pagans 
in  the  world,  human  facrifices  are  com- 
mon. To  atone  for  their  fins,  they  mur- 
der their  neigjibours,  offer  them  to  their 
gods,  and  leave  their  bones  on  the  fand. 
i'he  London  Miffionary  Society,  in  the 
fpirit  of  clieir  Divine  Mafter,  have  fent  a 
number  of  miffionaries  to  this  ifland,  to 
St.  Chrilliana  and  Fongataboo.  Otaheite 
is  in  lat.  iB  S,  long.  150  W. 

Oiukootai,  a  fmall  itland  in  the  S.  Pao 
citic  Ocean,  4  leagues  from  Wateeoo,  and 
about  3  miles,  iu  circuit.  S  lat.  19  15, 
W  long.  158  23. 

Otcbier,  a  bay  on  the  N  coaft  of  S. 
America,  to  the  W  oi  the  river  Urano, 
and  i£  uf  Cape  CalUcro.      ^ 

Otcavattofaoi 


!.    ■>:' 


;-;   i 


■;    r 


1": 

It 

■  .  '^:  ■  . 

1 

•J^ii 

■''■''^  '■« 

'    mmR 

''^^B 

''■-  ^B 

m 

ja| 

H 

I 


0  T  T 

9ttavitneeea,  a  large  and  fpacinuA  har- 
bour and  bay  on  the  S  W  anil  of  the 
i/land  of  Bolabola,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
ands.     K  lat.  i6  30,  W  long.  T51  4  %. 

Otiafelrf,  a  town  in  Cuit.  i-miuI  co. 
^■TMinc,  E  i)f  Briilpetown.  A  flrcani  trcm 
5ojiRO  FoMd  pafl'cs  thiouph  tlie  wcflerly 
put  of  this  town,  on  its  way  10  Stliago. 
It  IS  v*;y  free  of  ragged  hills  and  moun- 
tains, i'he  greatcft  part  of  it  alTords  a 
growth  of  beech,  maple,  afli,  bafs,  and 
birch,  and  is  good  laud.  It  contains  450 
iDhahitanti. 

Otogimlei,  an  Indian  nation  in  the  IJ. 
"W.  Territory,  who  inhabit  betwttn  the 
Xake  of  the  Woods  and  MilEfippi  River. 
Warriors  300. 

O/07M,an' idandon  the  Wcoaft  of  New- 
Mexico,  in  theB«yof  Panama,  17  leagues 
S  of  the  city  of  that  name,  from  vhcnce 
it  is  fupplicd  with  provirioos.  M  lat.  7 
50,  NV  long.  81  10.   ■  ••      ■    . 

Otfegoy  a  cbunty  of  N.  Vork,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Mohawk  River.  It  has  Hcrlce- 
mer  co,  N,  Schoharie  £,  Delaware  S,  and 
Chenango  W.  The  h'  d 'waters  of  Suf- 
quehahnah,  and  thf*  okquago  branch 
of  Delaware,  iritetfeifi  is  county.  Here 
are  alfo  the  lakes  Ocfcgp  and  Caiiiadera- 
^1  which  fend  their  waters,  in  an  united 
:^eam,  to  the  Sufquchannah.'  It  has  1788 
inhabitants.  In  1791,  when  this  coUnty 
«vas  but  thinly  fettled,  as  ifnany  as  300 
chefts  of  maple  fugar  were  manufaiflured 
here,  40olbs.  each.  The  courts  are  held 
at  Cooperftown,  in  the'  townfliip  of  Ot- 
fego.  •   ■■  . 

~  OtftgOy  a  townfhip  and  lake,  in  the 
county  above  defcribed.  'The'  townfliip 
was  taken  from  Unadilla, and  incorporat- 
ed in  1796.  Qn  the  £  the  townfliip  en- 
clofesLakeOtfego,which  ftparatts  it  from 
Cherry  Valley.  This  lake  is  the  bead  of 
the  Sufquehanhah  Rivei*,  2ind  is  about  9 
tniles  long,  and  a  little  more  than  a  mile 
■wide.  The  lands  on  its  banks  are  Very 
good,  and  the  cultivation  of  it  eafy.  It 
contaiils  4,244  inhabitants.  '       ' 

OUaivas,  an  Indian  nation  who  inhabit 
the'E  fide  of  I/ake  Michigan,  21  miles 
from  Mich^llimackinack,  in  Wayne  coun- 
ty or  Territory.  Their  hunting  grounds 
lie  between  Lakes  Michigan  aiid  Huron. 
They  could  fnmifli  ano  warriors  30  years 
ago.  A  tribe  of  thefc  alfo  lived  near  St. 
Jofcph's,  and  had  ijo  warriors.  Anoth- 
er tribe  lived  with  the  Cliippewas,  on  Sa- 
guinam  Bay,  who  together  "could  raifc 
ico  warriors.  Two  oi  thcfe  tril)C8  lately 
ftofttle,  fignefi  the  treaty  of  peace  with 


O  U  A 

the  United  States,  at  Greenville,  Augult 
.?d,  179J.  In  confequcnce  of  land*  ceded 
bv  ihem  to  the  United  State;,  govern- 
ment !ias  .igreed  to  pay  them  in  goods, 
icno  di)l'ars  a  ye^r,  forever. 

Qttaiva,  or  Grand  Jii-vcr,  See  Grand Rivrr, 
Otirr  liny,  ou  the  S  coiifl   of  the  iflaiid 
of  NfiiToiindlaiid,  i3  betwefu  Bear  and 
Swift  Bays,  .nnd  near  C.ipc  Raye. 

Otter  Ctffi,  called  by  the  French  Rivieie 
a  Lottis,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which  rifcs 
in  Bio-nlf  y,  and  purfutng'a  ftorthern  di- 
re(fticii  about  90  milts,  empties  info  Lake 
Chainplain  at  Fen  ifburg;  and  in  its  courfc 
receives  about  15  fmall  tributary  flream«. 
In  it  are  large  fa'.l?  at  Rutland,  V'ttsford, 
Middlcbtiry,  ajid  Verjjennes.  Between 
the  falls  the  waier  is  deep  and  navigable 
for  the  largeft  boats."  Veflels  of  any  bur- 
den may  go  up  to  the  falls  at  Vergennesj, 
5  miles  from  its  nioufh.  The  head  of 
this  river  is  not  more  than  30  feet  ft-oni 
Batten  Kill,  which  luns  in  a  contrary  di- 
rection,'and  falls  into  Hudfon's  River. 
Its  mouth  is  3  miles  N  of  Bafon  Harbmir^ 

"  Otter  Creei,  a  fmall  dream  which  emp- 
ties into  Kentucky  River,  £  of  Boouf- 
borough.  -       ~  I      -    - 

'  Otters  UtaJ,  a  remarkable  high  rock, 
on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  Superior,  W  of 
the  river  Rouge,  Upper  Canada.       ' 

'  Otter  Stream^  a  branch  Of  Great  Work* 
River,  both  which  by  innc  molith  of  10 
rods,  unite  and  fall  into  Penobfcot  ou  its 
£  fide^  oppolite  Marfli  Ifland,  about  two 
niiles  beloW  the  Great  Falls,  aud  10  above 
the  head  of  the  tide.  '  ,•■■'■'■■  ^ 
'    Ouabajh.     See  IVaL^Jb  Ifhier. 

Ouais's  Bay  sad  Xivrr,  are  about  two 
leagues  round  the  N  point  of  the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton,  iu  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law-' 
rcncc. 

■  Otianaminthe,  a  French  parifli  and  vil- 
lage on  the  N  fide  of  the  illand  of  St, 
Domingo,  five  leagues  S  E  of  Fort  Dau- 
phin.   • 

Ouaguapienci^atv,  or  Elatifanoia,  or  Oter- 
fonole,  is  a  lake  or  rather  marfli,  between 
Flint  and  Oakmulgee  Rivers,  in  Georgia, 
faid  to  be  nearly  300  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence. In  wet  feafons  it  appears  like  an 
inland  fea,  and  has  feveral  large  iflands  of 
rich  land  ',  one  of  which  the  prefent  gen- 
eration of  Cicek  Indians  reprefent  as  the. 
moft  blifsfnl  fpot  on  earth.  They  fay 
it  is  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  race  of  In- 
dians, whole  women  are  incomparably 
beautiful.  They  tell  that  this  tcrrcflrial 
paradife  has  been  fttn  by  fome  cnterpri- 
ilnj  hunters,  when  in  purfuit  of  their 

ganir, 


fame,  wJ 

fwamps  a 

periJliing, 

k  coiiipai; 

they    call 

)cindly  ga\ 

had  with 

i'orn  cakes 

»ly  for  Ikft 

caufe  theii 

cruel  to  I 

that   thcfe 

I'cttlcments 

of  an  iflant 

all  their  ^n 

were  invoh 

iike  enchar 

cd  they  hac 

fly  hcfiire  i 

delufive  put 

ty  eflecled  ; 

ftory  concirr 

which  fccm! 

thatthcinha 

fugitive  fchi 

WJiocfcaped 

dctifiVc  bati 

Creeks,  (whc 

nearly  exter 

peopfc)  and  I 

and  fecure  fi 

conquerors. 

<illa,.  which  fa 

beautiful  littl 

into  th6  bay 

arc  faid,  by; 

this  lake.  "  '1 

are  yet  but  li 

Jymuch  lefs 

luppofcd." 

OuofiQto  Mo 
the  Laurel  M 
and  Virginia, 
^ide'af  the  G 
and  S  W.-^  T 
•flid  free-ftont 
rally  covered 
*y  of  timber, 
^vell  watered. 
■  Ouepa),i  tow 
ontheN.Pacifi 
Ouiard/ion,  a 
Indiana  Territi 
^al>al7i,  in   I 
58  W. '  This  v^ 
'I'hus  far  the  \ 
fi'lcs  from  ics 
Jig  three  feet  . 
been  difcovtrec 
^ii'Jiaus  4rc  t!ic 


•^ 


GUI 

fame,  who,  being   loft    in    inextricablr 
fwanips  and  bogs ,  and  on  the  point   of 
pcrilliinji;,  wtrt  uncxpecTlcdly  relieved  by 
k  coiiipanv  of  beautiful  women,  vvhuni 
they    call  DaughtcrH  of   the   Sun,   who 
)(iudly  gave  them  i'uch  provitions  a}  tliey 
had  with  them,  conPifting  of  fruit   and 
<!orn  caktt,  Hiid   then  enjoined  them  to 
fly  for  lafety  to  their  own  country,  be- 
caufe  their  hufliands  were  fierce  men,  and 
cruel  to  ftrangers.     They  further    fay, 
that  thcfe  hunters  had  a  view  of  their 
I'ettlcments,  fuuated  on  the  elevated  banks 
of  an  idaiid,  in  a  beautifil  lake;    but  in 
all  their  «:ndc»vour8  to  approach  it,  they 
were  involved  in  perpetual  labyrinths, and 
like  enchanted  land,  ftill  as  tbcy  imagin- 
ed they  hadjuft  gained  it,  it  leemed  to 
ily  beft)rc  them  ;  and  having  quitted  the 
deiufive  purluit,  they  with  much  difficul- 
ty cffecled  a  retreat.     They  tell  another 
ilory  concerning  this  fequeftered  country, 
which  fcems  not  improbable,  which  is, 
thatthcinhabitantsarethepofterityofthe 
fugitive  rctnnatjt  of  the  ahcient  Yumajcs, 
\vho  efcaped  maflacrc  after  a  bloody  and 
detifiVc  battle  betwiseii  them   and   the 
Creeks,  (who,  it  is  certain,' coiiquered  and 
nearly  exterminated  that  once  powerful 
people)  and  here  found  an  afylum,  remote 
and  fecure  from  the  fury  of  thcii'  proud 
conquerors.    The  rivers  St.  Mary  aild  Si- 
tilla,  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic,  and  the 
brautiTiil  little  St.  Juan,  which  empties 
into  th6  bay  of  Appa'achi  at  St.  Mark'b, 
arc  faid,  by  Barlram,  to  flow  from  this 
this  lake.  "  The  dimenfums  of  thisyi(>Mi9»;» 
are  yet  but  little  known,  but  arc  certain- 
ly much  Icfs  than  have  generally  been 
luppofcd."  '  Ellicntt. 

'  Ouafioio  Mountains  arc  fituated  N  W  of 
the  l^aurel  Mountains  in  North  Carolina 
and  Virginia.  They  are  50  or  60  miles 
Tvide'at  the  Gap,  and  450  in  length,  N  E 
and  S  W."  They  abound  in  c6al,"  lim'c 
iflid  free-ftont.  Their  fummits  are  gen- 
fally  cuvci-ed  with  good  foil,  and  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  and  the  interval  lands  are 
ivell  watered. 

'  0«f/Saj,  a  town  on  thecoaflof  CoftaRica, 
nn  the  N.PacificQcean,  and  S  of  Carthago. 
Ouiatdnon,  a  fmall  ftockaded  fort  in  the 
Indiana  Territory,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Waiialh,  in  lat.  40  38  N,  and  long.  87 
58  W.  This  was  formerly  a  French  poll. 
Thus  far  the  Wabafli  is  navigable,  412 
miles  from  its  mouth,  for  batteaux  dra vy- 
ing three  feet  water.  A  filvcf  mine  has 
been  difcovercd  here.  The  neighbouring 
l^diaiu  arc  t!xc  Kickapuos,  MulquitoUb, 


O  V  E 

PyankifliAvvs,  and  ^  principal  part  of  the 
Ouiatannt'.s.  U'hc  whole  of  thefe  triliei 
could  fumiih,  about  .^o  years  ago,  icoo 
warriors.  'I'he  fertility  of  foil,  and  divtr- 
fity  of  timber,  in  this  country  arc  the  ruine 
as  in  the  vicinity  of  Poft  .st.  Vinceiitles. 

Ouineojke,  Or  Steliarne  Hay,  on  tllcE  fide 
of  Lake  Chapplain,  lets  up  rouihcafteily 
through  the  tiiwn  of  Eurliugton  in  Ver- 
mont, into  the  northern  part  ol  ^hilburnc. 

Ouifcatiftnr^,  a  pas'igablc  fiver  of  the  N. 
W.  'i'crritory,  which  empties  into  the 
Minifippi  in  lat.  43  ."j^,  and  100(1.94  X; 
where 'are  villajjcs' of  the  Sack  and  Fux 
trihes  of  IndianSv  This  tivcr  has  a  com- 
munication with  Fox  River,  w|iich,  paf- 
ling  through  Winnebago  Lake,  enters  Pu- 
an  Bay  in  'LitiiLtt  Michigan.  JJetween  the 
two  rivers  there  is  a  pottage  of  only  three 
miles.  On  this  river  and  its  hi'ancluM 
refidc  the  Indians  of  its  name.  ^V^f  riPf*' 
300.     "■'    ' . 

Oltoul  Creek  empties  into  the  Snfqne- 
hannah  River,  in  the  townfliip  of  Sidney, 
Delaware  co.  New  York. 

Oufe,  (formerly  the  Grand  River)  rifts 
in  the  country  belonging  to  the  Chippe- 
wa and  MiiTalTaga  Iiidians,  and  running 
foutherly,  through  the  W  riding  of  the 
coinuy  of  Yx)rk,  crcfles  Dundas  Street, 
and  paflTiiij;  between  the  counties  of  Lin- 
coln and  Norfolk,  difcnibogues  itfelf  into 
Lake  Erie,  about  half  way  between  the. 
North  Foreland  and  Fort  Eric.  The  bar 
at  the  in\)uth  of  this  river  has  from  7  to' 
9  feet  water;  it  is  about  a  cable  and  a 
half  in  length  from  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er to  the  middle  of  the  bar.  It  is  naviga- 
ble many  miles  up  for  fmall  velTels,  and  a 
conliderable  diflance  for  boats.  About 
40  miles  up  this  river  is  the  Mohawk 
Village.  Tiie  Senec.^s,  Onondagocs,  Cav- 
ugas,  Augagas,  Delawares,  and  Miflafla- 
gas,  have  alio  villages  on  different  jjai  ts 
of  this  river  ;  exclufive  of  which  there  is 
a  numerous  flragjling  fettlement  of  In- 
dians from  the  vicinity  of  the  Mohawk 
V'llage.to  within  a  few  milts  of  the  m<iuth 
*)f  the  river.  Smyth. 

Outer  Buoy,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  lies  in 
lat.  <i\  38  is',  and  5  leagues  E  of  North 
Bluff. 

Outer  IJland^  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador, 
is  in  the  clufler  called  St.  Au^uftint's 
Square ; '  S  W  of  Sandy  Ifland. 

Outimat.s,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  the 
Territory  of  Wayne,  between  Lakes  Mi- 
chigan and  St.  Clair.     Warriors  200. 

Ovens  Mouth  Diy^  Maine,  S  of  Booth- 
bay,  Lincoln  county. 

PV«4 


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V. 


G  W  L 

Ovii',  4  port  town  of  N.  York,  in  Cay- 
vg<k  CO.  It  wa«  iiicur^iurHted  in  1794  ;  it 
ftparated  from  Milton  on  the  E  by  Cay- 
uga Lake,  and  comprehends  all  the  lands 
in  ihc  county  on  the  \V  fide  of  Seneca 
Lake.     It  iiai)  i,i6'j  iuhabitants, 

0tvafc9,  a  lake,  partly  in  the  towns  of 
Aurcliut  and  Scipio,  in  Onoudago  co.  N. 
York.  It  is  about  11  miles  long,  and  one 
broad,  and  rommunicatts  with  Seneca 
River  on  the  N  by  a  flreain  which  runs 
through  the  town  of  Brutqs,  The  high 
road  from  Kaat's  Kill  wcflward,  paflts 
towards  Cayuga  ferry,  near  the  N  end 
of  (he  lake. 

Owegt,  a  poA  town  in  Tioga  co.  New 
York,  on  tiie  N  W  bank  of  the  E  branch 
of  the  Sufquehannah,  ao  miU*  W  of  U- 
i)ion,  34  N  £  of  Athens,  at  Tioga  Point. 
It  contains  1,184  inhabitants. 

Oive^a  Crtei,  in  Tioga  co.  ferves  as  the 
E  boundary  of  the  towntliip  of  its  name. 
It  ha»f<iver.>t  fmail  branches  which  un^te 
and  empty  tlirough  the  N  bank  of  the  £ 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  lliver,abuuc  lii 
xnilcs  W  of  Chenango  River. 

Ouyattijla  Bay  and  Jiivtr,  on  the  coafl 
of  Efquimaux,  or  N  fliorc  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  is  to  the  wfpllwatd  of  Natch- 
c^uoin  River. 

'  Owl/arree,  a  harbour  on  th**  northern 
part  of  the  W  coaft  of  Houaheine,  one  of 
the  Society  Iflands,  aj  leagues  N  W  by 
W  of  Orahcite  Iflaud.  S  Tat.  16  44,  W 
long,  iji  8. 

Uiubybee,  one  of  the  largcft  of  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands,  is  about  500  miles  in  cir-  ' 
cumftrtncej  between  i8  jo  and  ao  16  \ 
N  lac.  and  between  203  48  and  aoj  7  £  ; 
long,  from  Greenwich.  The  extcnlive  ; 
mountain,  named  Mouna  Roa,  on  the  S 
E  part  of  the  idand,  is  i6,ozo  feet  high. 
It  confifls  of  three  peaks  which  a^e  per- 
petually covered  with  fnow,  though  with- 
in the  tropics,  that  aie  viGblc  40  leagues 
out  at  fca.  On  the  wefteiA  fide  is  the 
bay  of  Kara-kooi.  It  has  the  fame  pro- 
dutStions  at  the  Society  and  Friendly  Ifl- 
ands, and  about  150,000  inhabitants,  who 
are  naturally  mild,  friendly  and  hofpita- 
bic  to  Grangers.  The  fca  abounds  with 
a  great  variety  of  excellent  fifli.  The 
celebrated  navigator  Capt.  James  Cook, 
loft  his  life  here,  by  an  unfortunate  and 
momentary  jealoufy  of  the  natives.  The 
natives  of  this  ifland  have  made  a  for- 
ma! ceQlon  of  it  to  the  king  of  G.  Britain. 

Oivl'i  Head,  a  head  land  on  the  W  fide 
of  Pcnobfcot  Bay,  in  Maine.  It  has  a 
^oud  b:>rbour  on  the  larboaid  h^ad  as 


O  Y  S 

yon  go  to  th«  cadtvard.  Th<  harbour 
makes  with  a  deep  cove;  has  4  fathoms 
water,  and  a  muddy  bottom,  It  is  open 
to  the  E,  to  N,  and  E  N  E  winds ;  but  in 
all  ofhcr  wir.ds  you  are  fafe.  The  tide  of 
flood  fcts  tu  the  eaflward,  and  the  tide  of 
ebb  S  W  through  the  Mufcle  Ridges. 

Oxiowy  Grut,  a  bend  of  the  river  Con- 
nedlicut,  about  the  middle  of  the  town'* 
(hip  of  Newbury,  in  Vermont;  which 
fee.  It  contains  450  acres  of  th«  finely 
meadow  land  in  New  England. 

Qx/atd,  a  townfliip  in  WorcelVer  co. 
Maflachufetti.  It  contains  1,237  inhab* 
itants  (  is  ij  miles  fouthwardo(  Worccfi 
ter,  and  54  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Oi^ord,  a  village  in  Briftol  co,  Mafias 
chufctti ;  fee  Art*  Bedford. 

Oxford,  a  town  in  the  northern  part  oi 
Derby  in  ConnciSlicut,  17  miles  N  AVof 
N.  Haven,    It  has  1,400  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  a  pod  town  of  New  York,  iq 
Chenango  co.  between  Jericho  and  Nor- 
wich, It  was  incorporated  in  1793*  Hero 
is  an  incorporated  academy.  U  hat  lA^S 
inhabitants. 

Oxfurdi  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jcrfey,  in  SuF< 
fcs  CO..  on  the  E  bank  of  Delaware  River, 
15  or  ao  miles  N  Eof  Eafton  in  Peouf^U 
vania.  In  1790,  it  contained  1,90^  lOo 
habitants. 

Oxford,  a  townfliip  of  rennfylvania, 
Philadelphia  co.  having  1,518  inhabitants . 

Oxford  Toionfhip,  in  Grenvillc  co.  U, 
Canada,  lict  in  the  rear,  and  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  townfliipt  of  Edwardfburglx 
and  Augufta,,»od  it  watered  by  the  Ra.> 
deau. 

Qrford,  the  T»xvnfi,ip  «/",  upon  Thames,  in 
the  i/eflern  diOridt,  U.  Canada,  lies  to 
the  fouthward  of  I)undat  Street,  where 
the  wcftern  end  of  that  road  meets  tho 
Upper  Forks  of  the  river  Thames. 

Oxford,  a  town  in  N.  Hamplhire,  Graf- 
ton CO.  containing  98S  inhabitant^ 

Oxford,  Upper,  a  town  in  Chcfter  ca 
Pemifylvania,  having  6ao  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  Lo-wer,  a  town  in  the  above  co, 
having  527  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  a  port  of  entry,  on  the  eaflern 
fliore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot  co« 
Its  exports  in  1794,  amounted  to  6,956 
dollars.  It  is  13  miles  S  by  W  of  Eallou, 
and  about  48  S  £  of  Baltimore. 

Oxford,  a  fmall  port  town  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, 36  miles  from  Hilllboro\igh,  and  about 
416  from  Philadelphia. 

U-(/ier  Boy,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  fit* 
uate-d  in  Queen's  co.  Long  Ifland,  extend., 
ing  flora  tke  Sound  Sj  to  the  Atlantic 

Oceaa, 


^ 


O  Z  A 

Ccean,  ami  inchulcji  Llord's   Nrck,  or  I 
Quftn'i  Villiij'c,  an«l  Hog  litand.     It  con-  . 
tains  4,548   inhabitants;   of  whom  134 
are  flavcs.  i 

Oyfler  Buy,  a  harboiir  for  fmall  vefTcIs, 
in  the  S  W  limits  of  tlie  townof  B^rnOa- 
ble,  M-iiTarhufrttB ;  tvhich  fee.  It  affords 
excellent  <iyfter» ;  henct  its  name. 

OyPer  Beds,  in  Delaware  Bay,  lie  oppo- 
flte  Nantiixrt  Bay. 

Ojftir  tuiiit,  on  the  cnaA  of  S.  Carolina, 
where  the  water  doe*  not  ehb  till  an  hour 
and  a  half  after  it  begins  to  ebb  at  the 
bar  of  Alhley  River,  near  Charlefton.  It 
is  bed  to  go  an  hour  and  an  half  before 
high  water. 

0;jlPtr  Pond,  a  part  of  the  waters  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  which  fet  up  wedward 
into  Long  Ifland,  N.  York,  between  the 
north-eaKcrnmofl:  point  of  the  ifland  calU 
cd  Oyftcr  Pond  Point,  and  Gardner's  Ifl- 
and. Off  the  point  are  two  fmall  iflcs, 
one  of  which  is  called  Plum  Ifland. 

Oj(fter  River,  a  W  branch  of  Pifcataqua 
River,  in  New  Hampfl\irc;  i.hich  fee. 
Durham  (lands  on  its  S  fide,  near  its  janc> 
tk>n  with  the  main  (beam  at  Kelton's  Point. 
O-yoH^-^vongeyi,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at 
Johtifon's  Landing  Place,  about  4  miles 
cadward  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Osama,  one  of  the  largeft  rivers  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
and  on  which  the  city  of  St.  Dormingn  is 
fituated.  It  is  navigable  9  or  10  leagues 
from  S  to  N.  One  may  judge  of  the  enor- 
mous volume  of  w.iter  which  the  conflu- 
ent dream  of  Habella  and  Ozama  fends 
to  the  fea,  by  the  red  colour  it  gives  it  in 
the  time  of  the  floods,  and  which  is  per- 
ceivable as  far  as  the  eye  can  didinguilli. 
There  is  a  rock  at  the  mouth,  which  pre- 
vents the  entrance  of  vcffels  drav.inir 
more  than  18  or  30  feet  of  water.  The 
river  for  a  leagiK  is  24  feet  deep ;  and 
its  banks  are  20  feet  perpendicular,  but 
N  of  the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to  4 
feet.  This  real  natural  bafon  has  a  bot- 
tom of  mud  or  foft  fand,  with  a  number 
of  careening  places.  It  fcldom  overflows 
its  banks,  except  in  very  extraordinary 
inundations.  The  road  before  he  nouth 
of  the  Ozama  is  very  indifTcrent,  and  lic;« 
expofed  from  W  S  W  to  E.  It  is  impof- 
Cble  to  anchor  in  it  in  the  time  of  the  S 
wiuds,  and  the  N  winds  drive  the  vcf- 
fels from  their  moorings  out  into  the 
fea,  which  here  runs  extremely  high 
See  Domingo  City.  The  mouth  of  the 
river  is  in  lat.  i'&  18  N,  and  long,  from 


f  \c 


p. 


.>». 


/  A  BIO,  St.  a  lake  in  the  jiirifdiiftioB, 
of  Ofabalo,  in  the  province  ct  Quito,  5 
leagues  in  length,  and  aliout  half  a  league 
in  breadth.  The  hike  ii  every  where 
furrounded  with  a  fpccicf  of  ruiiies  call- 
ed Totoral,  among  which  are  vaft  num- 
bers of  wild  gecle  and  galarcttci.  It! 
waters  empty  into  the  Rio  Blanco. 

Pa/ilo,  St.  a  village  on  the  above  lake, 
inhabited  principally  by  Indians. 

Pailo,  Si.  a  town  on  the  S  coaft  of  the 
inhmus  of  Darien,  in  the  province  of  Ve- 
ragu:i,  S.  America. 

Pa6o,  the  Micmac  name  of  a  river,  on 
the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about 
6  leagues  from  Grande  Riviere,  W  N  W 
of  Cape  Defpair. 

Pjc<ijet,a  province  of  S. America,  which 
is  rich  in  filver  mines,  though  they  are 
not  much  worked.  Here  are  alfo  inine< 
of  talc,  called  Jafpes  Blancos  de  Vcren- 
guela,  on  account  of  their  tranlparcnt 
whitcncfs.  In  this  province  are  an  abun- 
dance of  emeralds. 

Pai.amoret,  a  diftriiH:  of  Vitxi,  in  South 
America.  The  air  is  temperate,  and  the 
earth  abounds  in  gold. 

Pacamoret,  an  Indian  nation  on  the 
banks  of  Amazon  River. 

Pacayita,  a  volcano  in  Gitatlmala.  In 
1773,  the  lava  which  ifl*ued  from  it  dcf- 
troyed  tlie  city  of  St.  ]*go,  which  wa# 
iituated  in  the  valley  of  Pauchoi. 

Paelacama,  or  Pachamac,  a  famous,  fruit- 
ful, and  pleafant  valley  in  Peru,  4  leagues 
from  Lima,  formerly' beautified  with  a 
magnificent  temple  built  by  the  Inras, 
and  dedicated  to  the  Creator  of  the  Uni- 
vcrfe.  Ihe  Peruvians  had  in  it  fevtral 
idols ;  but  they  had  fo  gre;it  a  reverence 
for  God,  whom  they  called  /'rttAuvawjcthat 
they  offered  him  what  they  cftetmed  moft 
precious,  and  durfl:  not  look  upon  him  j 
lb  that  their  kings  and  pritfts  tuteredhis 
temple  with  their  b,'ck«  towards  his  altar, 
and  came  out  a^ain  without  daring  to 
turn  about.  The  ruins  of  this  fuperb 
flruaurc,  fays  Joyct,  do  yet  demonfVrate 
its  fotmer  magnificence  ^\\\  greatnef*., 
Such  immenft  ire.ifurcH  lud  been  laid  up 
in  it,  that  Ferdinand  Pi/.arro  found  to 
the  value  of  9CC,ooc  f?icai3  in  it;  al- 
though 400  Indians  h.id  taken  away  as ■ 
much  as  they  could  carry  ;  and  the  Span- 
illi  foldiers  pillaged  it  before  he  eanic. 
The  cruel  Spaniards  tortiite.i  the  natives, 
but  could  not  exrra<51;  a  dilccrcty  of  the 
hidden  treaf'ure.  ' 

Pithc^i, 


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P  A  I 

Pafh,i,  the  mod  nortlurly  of  the  iflaiuli 
♦  allid  the  Pearl  or  fting'n  lllandu,  ail  low 
bikI  woody,  and  about  ii  leagues  from 
I'mianu.  Within  a  league  of  this  ilTand 
there  is  anchorage  in  17  fathrms. 

Pa:li(qui,  a  fine  but  fmall  idand  on  the 
S  W  (ide  of  the  hay  ot"  Panama,  on  the 
coafl  of  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  and  one  of 
the  beautiful  if1and:«  within  the  fcmici^cu- 
lar  hay  from  Pananin  to  Point  Mala. 
Thefc  iflandi  yield  wood,  water,  fruit, 
fowU,  hogs,  &c.  and  afTurd  excellent  har- 
bour for  Hiipping. 

Ptchuco,  a  town  of  Mexico  famous  for 
the  filver  mines  in  its  vicinity.  It  is 
laid  that  within  10  miles  there  are  1000 
of  them.  It  lies  60  miles  from  the  city 
of  Mexico. 

Pacific  OcMit,  called  iii  the  French 
charts  Mar  del  Zur,  or  South  Sea,  a  pro- 
<li;;ious  ocean,  dividing  America  from 
ATm.  It  is  about  lo.ooo  miles  in  breadth, 
and  li,coo  in  length. 

PutiersfielJ,  a  towndiip  of  New  Hanip- 
fhirc,  Chefliirc  co,  E  of  Kerne,  on  the 
head  branches  of  Afhuclot  River.  It  is 
&6  miles  W  of  Portfmouth,  and  contains 
977  inhabitants. 

Patmote,  a  bay  on  the  E  C\dc  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Martiuiro,  between  Vauclin  Bay 
Oil  the  N,  and  Fere  Ance  or  Creek  on 
the  S. 

Paialet,  a  fmall  river  of  .S.  CaroHna, 
i^hith  rifes  in  the  White  Or  k.  Mountains, 
and  unites  with  Broad  River,  .10  miles 
above  Tygcr  River,  and  14  S  of  the  N, 
Carolina  line.  Its  coiirfc  is  about  S  £, 
and  on  it  are  the  cclei>ratcd  Pacolet 
Springs,  17  milts  above  its  confluence 
with  Broad  River. 

PaJoucas,  a  weftern  bmrch  of  MifTouri 
River.  The  tril)c  f>f  Indians  of  this  uamc 
arc  fait!  by  fome  to  be  of  Welch  origin. 
Panel's  Pert,  a  fmall  harbour  within 
the  ^reat  found  in  the  Bahama  Illandii, 
and  in  the  molt  eaflerly  part  of  the  found. 
Pagui/a,  or  Paqv:fa,  on  the  W  fide  of  S. 
America,  in  lat.  ai  5J  S,  and  10  leigucs 
N  of  the  harbour  of  Cobij;*,  in  the  buy 
of  Atacama.  Haguey  de  Paguifa,  or  the 
■watering  place  of  Paguifa,  is  15  leagues 
from  Cobija.  The  whole  roaft  between 
is  high,  mount,"»inous  and  rocky,  in  a  di- 
rection of  north-north  eafl. 

Pa!''t"i  Prf},  a  townlliip  in  Steuben  co. 
N.  Y'  rk,  on  'rio;;.i  Rivt  r,  bttween.  Batli 
«nd  Newtown ;  40  milts  N  W  by  W  ol 
Tioga  Point,  or  Athens,  S  E  of  Wiiiiainf- 
bur^.  A  pcf>  oltirc  is  kept  here,  and  it 
h«i26t  iabAbitauts. 


PAL 

Ptmttd  Ritk  it  on  French  Proid  Riref* 
by  which  the  line  runs  between  Virginia 
and  TenncfTec. 

Painiir'i  Hartiur,  on  the  W  coaft  of 

Cape  Breton.    N  lat.  46  m  W  long.  f>  t  i(>. 

PainvilU,  in  Amelia  ro.  Virginia.   Here 

is  a  port  office,  197  miles  from  Wafliington. 

I'altii,     See  Puyla. 

■  Piijiiia,  Ptijatei,  01"  Paxfirns,  iflaiids  on 

the  Coaft  of  Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 

Theft  arc  1  or  4   rotks,  the  largcft  of 

»hieh  is  called  Pajaro  Ninno,  or  Paxaro 

Ninno,  and  %  miles  N  W  by  N  from  the 

fouthcrnmoft  point  of  the  Main,  or  Point 

Tortugat,  that  clufes  the   ^urt   of  Co> 

(juimbo. 

Pojatoi,  Ltt,  or  IJlanJi'f  EirJi,  a  cluf* 
ttr  of  fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  of  Chili, 
8  leagues  N  N  W  of  the  Bay  ot  Coquim> 
bo,  and  7  S  S  F.  of  the  harbour  of  Uuaf-. 
CO.  Tlie  il}and  of  Chorus  is  4  miles  N 
of  thtfe  iflands. 

Paijntiit,  the  feat  of  M>ifjjfi>it,  the  fa- 
mous Indian  Chief,  was  fitiutcd  on  Na* 
malkrt  River,  which  emptier  into  Narra- 
ganfet  Bay. 

Palatine,  a  poft  town  in  MohtgomerT 
CO.  N,  York,  on  the  N  fide  of  Mohawlc 
River,  and  W  of  Caghnawaga.  It  con- 
tains 3,517  inhabitants.  Tnc  compa<fl 
part  of  it  ftands  on  the  Iwnk  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  contains  a  Reformed  Dutch 
church,  and  to  or  30  houfes  ;  ^6  mile* 
above  Schenciftady. 

Pallif.-t't  IJlands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
are  between  15  and  16  degrees  of  S  lat. 
and  from  146  to  147  dtgrees  of  W  long. 
From  lat.  14  to  20  S,  and  long  138  to  150 
W,  the  ocean  is  ftrewed  with  low,  half- 
overflowed  idands,  which  renders  it  ne^ 
ccilary  for  navigators  to  proceed  with 
much  caution. 

Palmn,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma^jomilei 
N  W  of  St.  Fe  de  Bagota.  N  iXt.  4  30, 
W  long.  7  3  40. 

Piilmus,  a  large  river  on  the  W  coaft  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  whofe  mouth  is  in 
lat.  15  N,  and  long.  98  36  W.  Some  of 
Its  branches  run  in  .i  courfe  almoft  di- 
rcdlly  eaft  from  the  mountains  to  ths 
eartward  of  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Pii.'mtr,  a  towtifliip  in  Haiiipdiire  co. 
Mafl";!chufftts.  8;  miles  W  by  S  of  Eof- 
i(in,  on  the  S  fiJe  of  CIiick.i]i*-t  River, 
,v\d  bounded  caflward  by  Wi ftcrn,  in 
VVorciftcr  cf.  An  a<^  palicd  in  lall  fcf- 
fiou,  I/96,  to  iui'o!  [mriiti;  a  (oritty  to 
make  a  tui  i)pik(.-r<i.i<i  b'-'tween  theft  t"0  , 
towns.  It  was  itic  rpiTattd  in  lysz, 
and  contains  lo^'j  h.iuliiutiti,. 
«  Ptimer't 


Day,  whi 

forms  W.I 

of  U'nrrei 

Piilmnji 

ticular  has 

''nd  long,  1 

flruation  fr 

10,  all  kno 

It  afTordi  r 

but  if  the 

that  if  paffi 

»r-«tk,  may 

"ttic,  cocc 

du(fliont  ot 

ifland  is  not 

f nee  ;  nor  i 

feet  above  t 

Piilmeltv,  I 

hay  fo  called 

Hnd  of  St.  CI 

'•"he  fliore  is 

the  hay AI 

ofthcirtand< 
Bay  on  the  \ 
Palmifie  Po 
W  part  of  th( 
leagues  K  of  i 
Palmyra,  a  ] 
of  entry  agd 
Tciineflee,  coi 
Jaw  of  the  L 
^797.     Itftaa 
berland  River 
•'■  Red  River. 
PalumtHQt,  ft 
Pf"i  .1  miles  V 
They  have  fro 
round  them. 

^"lir.,  Nnt; 

of  Hiidfoji '«  R  i 
ahout  20  miles 
.1»Nef  Goihe; 
"  contains  32 
,>o8  flaves. 

""mbamacca, 
province  of  Oui 
«f  the  eaftern  C( 
Pjvtiico  S>.und, 
olma,  is  a  kind  o 
'<?  '«   ao  miles 
"iilf!'  in  Ifiijth. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  I 
''.'/'^''"'■'^•'"'Iha: 
•yfy  covered  witi 
I.iroiigfu|,i5|„„ 

"y  "-hich  l,oat.s  n 

'"'tUs  the  only  o 

"'  ''iirden  \nto  t 

"'"1  Ntwlif^j,.     I 

Vox.,  f. 


/"" 


r  A  M 

fjlmni  PIv.r,  a  wAtr.r  of  Narr:\ganfct 
Bay,  which,  with  another  fmdl  river, 
form*  W.trren  River,  oppofitc  the  town 
of  Warren. 

PiilmftJloM't  Tjhnd,  of  whicli  one  in  pnr- 
tirul.ir  has  been  fu  namrd,  '\*  in  lat.  i8  S, 
and  long.  i6a  J7  W,  and  ii  the  ftcond  in 
firuation  frinn  the  8  E  of  a  group  of  9  or 
10,  all  IcnowD  hy  the  fame  ;;eneral  niime. 
It  afford*  neither  anchora;;;  nor  water  ; 
but  if  the  weather  i«  moderate,  a  fhip 
that  it  pafling  the  S.  PMcific  Ocean  in  this 
traik,  may  be  fupplied  with  grafi  for 
cattle,  cocoa-nuts,  Afh,  and  other  pro- 
duiflions  of  tiie  ifland.  The  principal 
ifland  is  not  atiove  a  mile  in  circiinifir- 
ence  ;  nor  ii  it  rlevatcd  more  than  three 
feet  above  the  furfaceof  the  Tea. 

Palmettv,  the  mart  eafterly  point  of  the 
bay  fo  called,  on  the  S  W  roaft  of  the  ill- 
and  of  St.  Chriflopher's,  in  the  W.  Indies. 
The  fliore  is  rocky,  and  a  fort  prutetfl.* 
the  bay. — Alfo,  the  moft  northerly  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica ;  liaving  Manatee 
Bay  on  the  W,  and  Ifland  Bay  on  the  E. 

Patmift  Point,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  N 
W  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  ;  j 
lcaj|;ues  K  of  Port  de  Pais. 

Palmyra,  a  port  town,  and  the  only  port 
of  entry  agd  delivery  in  the  State  of 
Tenneflee,  conftitiited  a  port  of  entry  by 
law  of  the  United  States,  January  31, 
1797.  It  (lands  on  the  S  hank  of  Ciim< 
berland  River,  1  a  miles  below  the  mouth 
•f  Red  River, 

Palominet,  fmsll  iflandi  en  the  cn.ifl  of 
Peru,  .^  miles  well  of  St.i.a'vn  iire  Ifland. 
They  have  from  13  to  i8  fathom*  wattr 
round  them. 

P'il:r„  N'li;  a  townfliipon  the  W  fide 
of  Hudfoji's  Rivrr,  in  Ulftcr  00.  N.  Yvk. 
about  20  miles  N  W  of  Newbur.i;h,  imd 
.^*  N  of  Oolhen,  oppofite  Poughkeepfie. 
It  contains  3255  inhabitants,  includin 
,p8  flaves. 

Pamliamacca,  a  lofty  mountain  i;>  the 
province  of  Quito,  being  uitc  of  the  pikes 
of  the  caflern  Cordilleras. 

Pjmlico  S'.unif,  on  tl\e  '^  coaft  of  N.  Car- 
olina, in  a  kind  of  lake  f>r  inland  fea,  from 
m  to  20  miles  broad,  and  nearly  100 
inile«  in  Iriqth.  It  U  feparattd  from  the 
Atlantic  6cean,  in  its  whole  length,  by  a 
III  .ich  of  fand  h.irdly  a  mile  wide,  gener- 
ally covered  with  fmall  trees  or  bullies, 
r.'irongh  this  bankHrc  fevcral  Imall  inlets, 
by  which  lioats  may  pafs ;  but  Ocrecock 
biltt  is  the  only  onethat  will  admit  veflelf 
of  burden  into  the  diftrirts  of  Edcntrn 
.ii'l  Ntwlifi;ji.    This'lnli-t  is  in  lat.  35  10 

Vor..  r.  r  r  J;  ' 


PAN 

N,  and  opens  between  Ofccork  Ifl.iml 
and  Core  B-ink.  Thiii  round  rommuui- 
caiCH  with  Core  and  Allitm.irb:  SoUkiN  ; 
and  receives  Pamlico  or  T.ir  Rivtr,  th-: 
river  News,  brfidts  other  fni,(ll  ftitam*. 
See  Ocrtci.i,  Cipc  N.iIUkti,  f<.c. 

Pamfelunii,  a  town  of  N.'W  (Jranada,  in 
S.  Americ.T.  In  it^  viciuity  are  ;old  imiirs. 
N  lat.  6  30,  W  Ion;;  71'  30,  It  is  ito 
miles  from  Santa  I'e,  and  200  fro'^i  M  11  i- 
caibo, 

Piimimly,  the  ancient  name  of  Yot!; 
River,  in  Virginia;  but  t-  i*  nnnic  it  now 
cor'  letl  to  the  I'oulbetn  'jruub,  toin^rd 
by  the  conibicnce  c  the  N.  oid  ^-i.  .Anna. 
This  and  the  north"  r.n  br,ino!>,  IVfattipo- 
ny,  unite  au.  fornt  "\  ork  River,  jii(*  be- 
low tli'  town  of  '^.-  La  W.ur 

Pam,  ox  Puna,  .111  ifland  f  '  thcco.il\of 
Peru,  7  leagues  E  N  F.  oi  ■,  nta  Clara, 
and  as  far  fium  Cuay.\  j.-i'  At  J'oiiii 
.Arena,  which  is  the  VV  point,  all  lb  \ 
bound  farther  i.  v,  Uiayaijuil  ll^iy  .•  ';j 
for  pilots,  .18  th'  re  is  ;'>io«l  anchor.v4eov(.r 
againft  thi;  niid-.icof  the  town,  in  5  fath- 
oms, and  a  foft  (Vizy  ground. 

Panato,  a  biimiirg  mountain  on  the  AV 
coafVof  N.  Mtxico 

Panadou,  or  Mfrnid»u,  a  bay  on  the  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  near  the  S  part 
of  the  Gulf  of  S  .  Lawrence. 

Panama  is  the  capital  of  Terra  Firnia 
Proper,  >'^.  America,  on  a  capacious  bay 
of  its  n.*rie,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  Iflhmiii 
of  Panama  or  Darien,  oppofite  to  Port<» 
Bcllo,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  IfUimus.  It  is 
the  great  receptacle  of  the  vart  tpiantitie* 
of  gold  and  lilvcr,  with  other  ric!>  njer- 
f  "^  "i(l(7yci"iom  all  parts  of  Peru  and  Chili. 
"'!'•  iiey  are  lodged  in  ftore-boufti",  till 
the  proper  feafon  arrives  to  tranfport 
them  to  Europe.  The  harbour  of  Pana- 
'na  is  formed  in  its  road  by  the  flielter  of 
ieveral  iflands,  where  fliips  lie  very  fafe, 
at  about  2^  or  3  leagues  diftant  from  the 
city.  The  tides  arc  regular,  and  it  is  high 
water  at  the  full  and  change  at  3  o'clock.' 
The  water  rii'cs  and  falls  confiderably  ; 
fo  that  the  Ibore,  lying  on  a  gentle  flopr, 
iii  at  low  water  left  dry  to  a  j>re,it  dif- 
t;oirc.  Pearls  arc  foinid  here  in  fnch 
plenty,  that  there  are  few  perfiMis  of 
property  near  Panama,  who  do  ntit  r:;»- 
ploy  ail,  or  at  Icaft  part  of  their  \\A:-i>  n\ 
this  fiHiery,  The  ncf»roes  who  fi'li  I'or 
pearls  niuft  be  both  expert  fwimnur^,  anil 
capable  of  holding  their  breath  a  long 
tinij-,  the  work  being  performed  at  the 
bottom  of  the  fea.  Tbii  city  is  a  bilb- 
op'.'  fcf,  w!(ofe  bilTiop  is  the  primate  or' 

Tetja 


i. 


M: 


.!    .  :   .. 

^:'i 

5w 

::J,  i 

'  ''^^ 

,m 

fl 


PAN 


PAR 


m 


Terra  Firtna.  It  was  built  by  the  Span- 
hrds,  vvliu,  in  ijai,  conftituted  it  a  city, 
with  the  ufual  privileges.  In  1670  it 
was  taken,  fHcked  and  burnt  by  John 
Morgan,  an  Englifli  adventurer.  The 
new  town  was  built  in  a  more  convenient 
Situation,  about  a  league  and  a  half  from 
the  former.  !n  1737,  this  new  town  was 
almod  entirely  deftroyed  by  an  acciden- 
tal fire.  It  is  furroundcd  with  a  ftone 
Wall  and  other  fortifications,  and  the  pub- 
lic buildings  are  very  haitdfome.  N  lat. 
8  57  48,  W  long,  ii  s  I4»  Sec  Cbagre 
JRiver. 

Panama,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,  of 
which  the  city  above  mcntinncd  is  the 
capital.  This  province  is  called  by  mofb 
writers  Terra  Fhmj  Profer,  It  contains 
3  cities,  12  villages,  and  a  great  number 
of  tancbtrlft  or  affcmblages  of  Indian 
huts ;  thefe  are  fituated  in  fmall  plains 
along  the  fliorc,  the  reft  of  the  country 
being  covered  with  enormous  and  craggy 
barren  and  uninhabited  mountains.  It 
has  feveral  gold  mines  ;  but  the  pearl 
fifliery  afibrds  a  more  certain  profit,  and 
•t  the  fame  time  is  acquired  with  much 
greater  eafe. 

Panamatih^  on  the  coad  of  Surrinam, 
in  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  is  £  S  £  of 
Demarara,  in  lat.  about  6  N,  and  long. 
j6  26  W. 

Faiiamtuce,  a  harbour  or  bay  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil.     See  Pcmambun. 

Pannillo,  an  eminence  near  Quito, 
which  fupplies  that:  city  with  excellent 
water. 

Panh,»  tribe  of  Indians,  120  miles 
firom  the  mouth  of  the  River  Platte,  or 
Shallow  River,  a  wcftern  branch  of  the 
Miifouri,  with  whofe  ftream  it  mingles 
its  waters  600  milts  from  the  Miirifippi, 
up  the  Miflburi.  This  tribe  numbers 
700  warriors,  in  four  neighbouring  vil- 
lages. They  hunt  but  little,  and  have 
but  few  fire•art4^s.  They  are  often  at 
wnr  with  the  Spai.iatds  in  the  vicinity  of 
St.  Fe,  near  wWch  u^  their  place  of  abode. 

y.fer/o,:. 

Pan/t,  dt  la,  a  branch  of  Wabalb  Riv- 
er, in  the  Indiana  Territory. 

Paitton,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co.Ver- 
Sioat,  on  the  £  fide  of  Lakr  Champlain, 
between  Addifon  >r.vi  Ferrifburg,  and 
about  87  miles  N  of  Btnnington.  It  con- 
I9ins  364  inhabitants. 

Pamico,  or  GuaJlUa,  a  province  of  N. 
America,   in  New-Sp:iin,  bcundcd  E  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W  by  the  prov 
iaccs  of    Mcchoacaa  uad   New-Bifcay. 


The  tropic  of  Cancer  divides  this  proT^- 
ince.  It  is  about  55  leagues  each  way. 
The  part  neareft  to  Mexico  is  much  the 
bed  and  riched,  abounding  with  provi- 
fions,  and  having  fome  veins  of  gold,  and 
mines  of  fait.  Other  parts  are  wretched- 
ly  poor  and  barren. 

Panueo,  the  capital  of  the  above  men- 
tioned province,  is  the  fee  of  a  bifliop, 
and  (lands  upon  a  river  of  its  own  name, 
17  leagues  from  its  mouth,  on  the  W  fliore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  60  N  W  of 
the  city  of  Mexico.  The  river  is  nav- 
igable for  large  (hips  a  great  way  above 
the  city  ;  but  the  harbour  has  a  bar,  fo 
that  no  (liips  of  burden  can  enter  it.  M 
latr  23  50,  W  long.  99  50. 

Papagayc,  a  gulf  on  the  North  Pacifie 
Ocean,  and  on  the  W  fide  of  the  lAhmus 
of  Nicaragua,  a  fmall  diftance  from  the 
weAern  parts  of  the  lake  of  Nicaragua, 
and  in  lat.  about  ix  15  N. 

Pafaloafain,  the  largcft  river  of  Guaxa- 
ea,  in  N.  Spain,  called  alfo  Alvarada.  It 
rifes  in  the  mountains  Zoncoliucan,  and, 
being  enlarged  by  the  accedion  of  lefler 
rivers,  falls  mto  the  N.  Pacific  OceatL 

Papinacboh,  a  bay  on  the  N  (hore  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  5  leagues  8  W  of 
St.  Margaret's  River.  An  Indian  nation 
of  the  fame  name  inhabit  the  country  S 
of  Piretibbe  Lake  in  L.  Canada. 

Pnppa  Ford,  on  Clinch  River,  is  la  miles 
from  Emery's  River,  and  10  from  Camp- 
bell's Station,  near  HolAon. 

Papps,  Tbe,  two  remarkable  hills  on  the 
top  of  a  high  mountain,  on  the  N  (bore 
of  Lake  Superior,  U.  Canada,  a  little  B 
of  Shanguanoe. 

Papuda  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and 
on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  5  leagues  N  of 
the  (hoa's  of  Quintcro,  and  4  from  Pott 
Liga.  The  water  is  very  deep,  but  the 
anchorage  is  good,  and  the  entrance  fafe. 

Para,  the  mod  northern  of  j  colonies 
or  governments.  Para,  Maragnon,  Mat- 
to-Groflb,  Goyas,  and  St.  Paul,  in  S. 
.America,  at  which  places  the  Indiatii 
have  been  united  in  117  villages,  over 
which  a  white  man  prefides  with  defpotic 
fway.  The  government  of  Para  comprc  , 
hends  that  portion  of  Guiana  which  be- 
longs to  the  Portuguefe,  the  moft  baireiv 
and  unwhulclomc  country  in  all  thcfe  re- 
gions. 

Para  IJiand  is  One  of  the  range  of  inl- 
ands to  the  S  E  of  Sypomba,  and  E  of  the 
Amazon.  Thefe  illands  form  the  greii 
river  or  bay  of  Para. 

Pw9  Rtytr%  or  Bay,  near  the  N  \V  par: 


PAR 


PAR 


,h 


«f  the  coad  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  hai 
a  town  of  its  name  at  the  mouth  of  it, 
with  a  large  furt  and  a  platform  of  can- 
non at  the  vvater'i  edge,  commanding  the 
road.  Above  this  is  the  cafUc  fcated  on 
a  liigh  rock,furrotinded  by  a  (trong  (lone 
wall  that  is  alfo  mounted  with  cannon. 
The  road  within  the  mouth  of  the  river 
h  good,  having  clean  ground,  and  fccur> 
cd  by  high  land  on  both  fides.  The 
raouth  of  the  river  is  about  6  milts  broad 
at  the  town  ;  and  fltips  maiy  ride  in  tj 
fathoms,  within  a  cable's  length  of  the 
ihore,  and  in  lo  fathoms  clofe  under  the 
fort.  This  harbour  is  much  frequented 
for  all  kinds  of  provifions  which  abound 
here.  Tobacco  is  rariied  from  this  to 
Pernambuco,  to  be  fbipped  for  Europe. 
The  river  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Paraca,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  40 
leagues  S  £  by  S  of  the  |)ort  of  Callao. 
Ships  receive  flieltcr  here,  when  driven 
out  of  the  harbour  of  Cangallan  or  San- 
gallan,  which  is  3  leagues  S  £  of  Carette 
idand,  and  N  N  W  of  the  ifland  of  I.nbos. 

Faradife,  a  townfhip  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  York  co.  has  1175  inhabitants. 

Paraili.    See  PlaU  Forme. 

Paraguay,  a  country  of  S.  America, 
claimed  by  Spam,  about  x,5CX3  miles  in 
length,  and  1,000  in  breadth.  It  lies  \x' 
twcen  i«  and  37  S  lat.  and  l^etweea  50 
and  75  W  long,  hounded  N  by  Amazo- 
nia, S  by  Patagonia,  £  by  Brazil,  and  W 
by  Peru  and  Chili.  It  is  divided  into 
the  foUowing  provinces,  viz.  Paraguay, 
Parana,  Guira,  Uragua,  Tucuman,  and 
Rio  de  la  Plata.  Befides  a  vad  number 
of  fmali  jitvers  tvhich  water  this  country, 
there  is  the  grand  river  La  Plata,  which 
deferves  a  particular  defcription.  A 
Modenefe  Jefuit,  by  the  name  of  P.  Cat- 
tanco,  who  failed  up  this  river,  fpeaks  in 
the  following  language  concerning  it  : 
"  While  I  refided  in  Europe,  and  read  in 
books  of  hiftory  and  geograi>liy  that  the 
river  I. a  Plata  was  ijo  miles  in  breadth, 
I  conAdercd  it  as  an  ex.iggeration,  be- 
caufe  in  this  hemisphere  we  have  no  ex- 
ample of  fuch  vaft  rivers.  When  I  ap- 
proached it)  month,  I  had  the  mod  vehe- 
ment deiire  toafcertain  the  breadth  with 
my  own  eyes,  and  I  have  found  the  mat- 
ter to  be  cxadlly  as  it  was  reprefentcd. 
This  I  deduce  particularly  from  one  cir- 
cumftancc  :  when  we  took  our  departure 
from  Monte  Vicdo,  a  fort  fituated  more 
than  100  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
et, and  where  its  breadth  is  confidcrably 
^iminiOied,  wc  failed  a  complete  day  be- 


fore we  difcovcrcd  the  land  on  the  oppo- 
fite  bank  of  the  river ;  and  x^hen  wc  wcr* 
in  tlie  middle  of  the  channel  we  could 
not  difcovL-r  land  on  cither  fide,  and  faw 
nothing  but  the  flvy  and  w.iter,  as  if  \\t 
had  Ikcd  in  fonie  great  ocean.  Indeed 
we  iliould  have  l-iVtn  it  to  be  Tea,  if  the 
frcfli  water  of  the  river,  which  was  tur- 
bid like  the  Po,  had  not  fatisfied  us  that 
it  was  a  river."  From  the  fituation  of  this 
country,  foine  parts  of  it  mud  be  exticmc- 
ly  hot,  from  the  almod  vertical  influence 
of  the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  while  other  pirts 
mud  be  ple^ant  and  delightful.  But 
the  heat  is  in  feme  mcafure  abated  by  the 
gentle  breezes  which  generally  begia 
about  9  or  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and 
continue  the  greatcd  part  of  the  day. 
Some  parts  of  the  country  arc  very  moun- 
tainous  ;  but  in  many  others,  you  iind  cx« 
tenfive  and  beautiful  plains,  where  the 
foil  is  very  rich,  produring  cotton,  to« 
bacco,  and  the  valuable  herb  ctlied  Par> 
aguay,  together  with  a  variety  of  fruits. 
There  are  alfo  prodigioully  rich  padures, 
in  which  are  bred  fuch  herds  of  cattle, 
that  it  is  faid,  the  hides  are  the  only  part 
exported,  while  the  flefli  is  left  to  be  de- 
voured by  the  ravenous  beads  of  the 
wildcrnefs.  Paraguay  fends  annually  in* 
to  the  kingdom  of  Peru  as  many  as  1,500 
or  «,ooo  mules.  They  travel  over  dre.iry 
deferts  for  the  didance  of  80c  or  900 
leagues.  The  province  of  Tucuman  fur- 
niflies  to  Potofi,  annually,  16  or  18,000 
oxen,  and  4,000  or  5,000  horfes,  brought 
forth  and  reared  upon  its  own  territory. 
Buenos  Ayres  is  the  capital  of  this 
country.  Its  fituation  on  the  river  La 
Plata  is  healthy  and  picafant,  and  the  air 
temperate.  It  is  regularly  built  :  the 
number  of  inhabicantti  is  about  30^00. 
One  fide  of  the  town  is  defended  by  a  for- 
trcfs  with  a  garrifon  of  600  or  700  men. 
I'hc  town  dands  180  miles  from  the  fea. 
The  acccfs  to  the  town  up  the  river  it 
very  difficult.  From  the  bed  informa- 
tion that  can  bo  obtained,  there  are  not 
more  than  100,000  fouls  in  this  country, 
including  Spaniards,  Indians,  negroes, 
and  the  mixed  blood,  or  Cieolcs.  The 
Spaniards  exhibit  much  the  fame  charac- 
ter here,  as  in  the  other  kingdoms  al- 
ready defer ibtd.  'i  i>c  Spaniar  Jk  fu  d  dif- 
covcrcd this  counrry  in  the  year  15 15, 
■•'.nd  founded  the  town  <if  Buenos  Ayres  in 
1535.  Mod  of  the  eouutry  is  dill  inhab- 
ited by  the  native  Indians.  'Hie  Jcfuits 
have  been  indtfatlg.ible  in  their  endeav- 
uui  s  to  convert  the  Indians  to  the  belief 

of 


!lli 


,!  , 


1  ,■ 


,  ^   ■  1 


:  ! 


V  A  R 


V  A  R 


i 
■i 


K  m 


■|i;' 


1'^ 


of  tlicir  religion,  and  to  introduce  among 
them  the  arts  of  civilized  life,  and  have 
net  with  I'urpriliiig  fucccfs.  It  is  faid 
ti)at  above  340,000  families,  fevtral  ycais 
ago,  were  fubjcA  to  the  Jefuits,  living  in 
obedience,  and  an  awe  bordering  on  ad- 
oration, yet  procured  without  any  vio- 
lence or  conftraiut.  In  1767,  the  JefuiA 
•were  fent  out  of  America,  by  royal  au- 
thority, and  their  fubjcifls  were  put  upon 
the  lame  footing  with  the  reft  of  the 
country. 

Paraguay,  a  large  river  of  S.  America, 
which  falls  into  the  river  t^a  I'lata  that 
forms  the  foiitherii  boundary  of  Brazil. 
At  the  cliftance  of  100  leagues  from  the 
ft«,  where  this  and  Parana  River  fall  into 
the  channel,  it  is  at  leaft  to  leagues  over. 

Poraiba,  or  Fataybn,  the  moft  northern 
province  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  lying 
l>ctween  Rio  Orande  N,  and  the  river 
Tamarack  S,  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  E,  and 
i'iguares  W.  It  belongs  to  the  Portu- 
guefe.  3nd  abounds  in  fugar-<anes,  Bra- 
zil-wood, cattle,tobacco,  cotton  &c.  This 
diftricl  wfts  given  by  John  III.  of  Portu- 
gal, to  the  hiftorian  De  Bartos,  but  he 
neglcAed  the  peopling  of  it.  Some  vag- 
abonds went  over  in  1560,  and  in  1591 
were  fubdued  by  the  French,  who  were 
foon  obliged  to  evacuate  it.  Philip  III, 
caufed  a  city  to  he  built  upon  this  royal 
domain,  which  is  at  prelent  knpwn  by 
the  name  of  Notre  Dome  de  Neves, 

Paraiha,  the  metropolis  of  the  above 
province  or  raptainfliip,'  on  the  ^S  hank 
Of  a  river  of  its  name,  3  leagues  from  the 
fea ;  according  to  others,  10  Ic.ii'ue.i ;  the 
river  being  naviy  ible  for  fliips  loaded 
with  £00  or  700  hhds.  of  fugar  a  confid- 
etabl6  diftaiice  .ibove  the  city.  The 
Dutch  captured  it  iu  i6;,r ;  but  the  Por- 
tiivjutle  rctdok  it  foon  after.  It  has  mHuy 
Aaiclv  houfcs  decorated  with  marble  pil- 
lars, together  with  large  warchoufcs  and 
magazines  belonging  to  the  merchants. 
The  mouth  of  the  river  is  well  fortified. 
S  lat.  6  JO,  W  long.  49  :i2f 

Paramubiro,  corruptly  call«d  Paramari' 
fr^,  the  chief  town  offiurrinam,  contain- 
ing about  400  houfcts,(in  the  bank  of  Sur- 
rinam  River,  in  a  pkalant  but  unhealthy 
Situation.  The  houfcs  are  of  wood,  tol- 
trably  convenient, ercifled  on  foundations 
of  European  bricks.  Its  port  is  5  leagues 
from  the  (c.i,  and  has  every  conveiiience. 
It  is  the  rendezvous  of  all  liic  fliips  from 
the  mother  ccuntiy,  which  come  hither 
to  receive  the  produce  of  the  colony. 

i^j/tf'ij,  a  pruviucc  iu  the  £  diviCun  of 


Paraguay,  South  America.    Chief  towc, 
St.  Ann. 

Pjrerij  a  lake  of  Chili,  South  America. 

Patatee,  a  bay  on  the  S  W  Gdc  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  S  £  of  Banifter  Bay. 

Parduba,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
10  leagues  W  N  W  of  Brandihi  Bay. 

Parbam  Toion  and  Harbour,  on  the  N 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  Weft 
Indies.  The  harbour  is  defended  by  By- 
ram  Fort,  at  Barnacle  Point,  on  the  W 
fide,  and  farther  up  by  another  fort  on 
the  E  fide.  The  town  is  regularly  built, 
and  lies  at  the  head  of  the  hatbour,  and 
in  St.  Peter's  parifli. 

Pario,  or  Ne%u  Anialufia,  a  country  of 
Terra  Firma,  bounded  on  tlie  N  by  the 
N  Sea,  and  S  by  Guiana.  The  fea-euaft  i« 
moflly  inhabited,  ou  which  there  arc  Sev- 
eral towns. 

Porta,  a  jurifdii^ion  in  the  abp.  of  La 
Plata,  in  South  America,  beiginuing  70 
leagues  N  W  of  that  city,  and  extending 
about  40  leagues.  It  has  fome  filver 
mines ;  and  the  cheefe  made  here  is  muck 
eflecmed,  and  fent  all  over  Peru. 

Par'm,  Gulf  of ,  a  firait  lying  between 
the  NW  part  of  New  Andalufia,  and  the 
S  Ihore  of  the  ifland  of  Tiinidad.  N  lat. 
9  1 2,  W  long.  6i  5. 

Parillt,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Santa. 

Porina,  a  point  N  W  of  the  harbour  of 
Payta,on  the  coaft  of  Peru.  The  country 
within  the  point  is  high  and  mountainous. 
Between  Payta  and  it  is  a  lurgc  bay.Jiav- 
ing  Aiuals.  The  land  i$  low,  and  ionic 
white  hills  ail  the  way. 

Purina  Cocas,  a  jurifdidlion  in  the  dio- 
ccfe  of  Giiamanga,  in  the  auditnc:  of  Li- 
ma, beginning  about  ao  leagues  fouth  id 
the  city  of  Guamauga,  and  extending 
*have  ,25  leagnts.  It  has  excellent  pal- 
turcs,  grain  and  fruits.  The  min<is  of  lil- 
vcr:,and  gold  are  more  produdtive  than 
formerly,  and  thefc  form  the  chief  branch 
oi' its  commerce. 

Paris,  a  thriving  pod  toivn  of  excellent 
land  in  N  York,  Oneida  county,  it  is  S 
W  of  Whiteftown  6  miles  from  which  it 
was  taken,  and  incorporated  in  1791.  1' 
contained,  by  the  State  cenfus  of  1796, 
3,459,  and  in  i^oo,  4,721  inhabitants. 
Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Vau> 
Han  ilton  Oneida  academy  is  fituato.!  in 
tills  town,  in  Clinton  pai-ifh,  where  is  aliu 
a  Conj>reg>4lion.il  church ;  and  niatks 
of  rapid  progrels  iu  improvements  and 
we.ilth  are  vilible. 

Paris,  the  county  town  of  Bourbon  en. 
Kentucky,  i8  miles  W  E  of  Ltxinijtun. 


It  has  a  ( 
rian  cliui 
are  in  th 
cipally  01 
iog,  pleai 

Paris, 

iia  pufto 

P^risfi 

The  nortf 

ifeoggin  ri 

xiing  abou 

pafUg  thr( 

the  Great 

kabi^ants. 

Pans,  a 

Carolina. 

Parlcr's 

CO.  Maine, 

Kennebeck 

Jeremyfqua 

which  divi( 

It  derive  it 

purchafed  i 

a  part  of  ii 

It  is   in   th 

which  fee. 

Purler  Ri 
suid  running 
ley,  it  paffes 
ct   Ponds,  J 
flream  whici 
the  S  pariflj 
twcenBradf< 
Crane  Pond 
fi-efti  River, 
rufliing  over 
the,  tide  half 
i«g  houfe ;  t 
after  wander 
«he  marllies, 
Ijy  a  mouth 
wdth.     It  is 
lias  depth  o 
coafting  ve/le 
but  is  obftrui 
«»  abo,ut  t«i> 
port  road  frc 
'^'I'ich  ii  870 
J'OI  ted  byfoli, 

"  was  built  i'l 
'(■fc,  oearByfi 

Pjrramire, 

tne  Atlantic 
coaft  of  Nortl 

Purr's  P(,ij,t 
Moon  Bay,  „i 
"f  St.  Cluiiio 
^  'j^  coaft  her ( 


PAR 


PAS 


It  lias  a  court  houfe  aad  gaol,  a  Prcfbytc> 
run  cliurcb,  and  feVLral  valuable  niillt> 
are  in  the  vicinity.  The  houl'es  arc  prin- 
cipally of  brick  and  (lone.  It  ib  a  thriv- 
iog,  pleafant  town,  of  377  inhabitants. 

Faiis,  in  Loudon  co.  Virginia.  Here 
ii  a  puftofiice,  59  miles  from  WaH^ington. 

Parhfi  town  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine. 
The  northerly  branch  of  the  Little  Amar- 
ifcoggin  rii'es  in  this  townfliip,  and  run- 
ning about  8  miles  on  in  uedcily  i'lde, 
pii<1(6  through  Hebron  and  Poland  into 
the  Great  Amarilcoggin.  It  has  844  in- 
kabi^ants. 

Far  it,  an  iHaud  on  the  co^d  of  South 
Carolina. 

Pjrkers  IJland,  or  Rujhihe^attym  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  is  formed  by  fitie  waters  of 
Keunebeck  River  W,  by  the  Tea  S,  by 
Jeremyfquam  Bay  E,  and  by  a  f:i\,iil  ftrait, 
which  divides  it  from  Atoufeag  illand  N. 
It  derive'  it*  name  from  John  Parker,  who 
purchafed  it  of  the  natives  in  i6jo ;  and 
a  part  of  it  ftill  remains  to  his  poderiiy. 
It  is  in  the  towulhip  ol  Gicrgetti-wu ; 
which  fee. 

Parker  River,  takes  its  rife  in  Boxford, 
and  running  E  into  the  W  parilh  of  Row- 
ley, it  pafTes  through  Rock  and  Pantuck- 
et  Ponds,  and  receiving  from  the  S  a 
fiream  which  comes  from  Elders  Pond  in 
the  S  parifli  of  Boxford,  it  turns  N  be- 
tween Bradford  and  ByiieldtpafTcsthrough 
Crane  Pond,  thence  it  takes  the  name  of 
Frefh  River,  and  running  E  fevcral  miles, 
rufliing  over  a  number  ui  falls,  it  meets 
the,  tide  half  a  mile  M  of  Byfield  meet- 
ing houfe ;  thence  it  is  called  Parker,  and 
after  wandering  a  dozen  miles  through 
the  marflics,  ic  enters  Plum  llland  Sound 
by  a  mouth  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
width.  It  is  rich  in  a  variety  of  filh,  and 
has  depth  of  water  to  be  navigable  for 
coafting  veflcls  to  the  head  of  the  tide, 
but  is  obtlrudted  by  two  bridges.  One 
it  abo^t  twu  nulcs  from  its  mouth  on  the 
pud  road  from  Bodqn  to  the  eaflward, 
which  is  870  feet  long,  and  a6  wide,  fup- 
poi'ted  byfoli,d piers  and  8  wouden  arches: 
it  was  btiilt  in  1758.  I'he  other  i:>  much 
Icfh,  near  Byfield  academy. 

Pjnum're,  one  of  the  fmall  iflands  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  line  the  taft 
coaft  of  Nurihampton  co.  Vlr^iiiict. 

Put-  Town,  in  Nova  oci'ti;;. 

Puff't  Point,  is  the  S  E  point  nf  Half 
Moon  Buy,  on  the  N  E  fiiic  of  the  illand 
of  St.  Chiiltophcr's,  in  the  Weft  Indies. 
Jlic  coafl  here  in  rocky. 

Piif.ii'KiU,   a  pyft  tg\v)i   iji 'Yor'i  cc. 


Maine,  on  the  New  HAnipfhire  line,  be- 
tween Great  and  Little  OlFapcc  Rivcr«; 
and  is  itS  miles  N  of  BoOdn.  It  \\»y>  ia- 
corptir^ttd  in  i/Sj,  and  contains  i.jjo 
tuhabitaate. 

Partin'o,  a  fmall  ifland,  under  the  high 
hill  of  St. Martin,  in  the  S  Wpart  of  Cum- 
ptachy  Gulf.  It  lies  in  the  fiir\v,iy  acrnfs 
the  bay  from  Caps:  Catoche  td  Wr.i  Cruz. 

Pji IriJgi/ifU,  a  tiAvnflup  ot  Mn'Tachu- 
fstis,  in  Berklhirc  co.  7.6  miles  W  N  W  cf 
Northampton.  It  contains  1,361  iiiii.ih- 
itants. 

Pufijgouta,  a  river  of  thcMiirini)pi  Ter- 
ritory, which  purines  a  S  by  n  rourfi; 
throii^Ii  Vt'.  Florida,  now  pnrt  of  I/mili- 
ana,  and  tmptie.i  into  the  Gulf  of  Mt.Xico 
by  fevcral  nioutlis,  which  togctlier  occu- 
py a  fpace  of  3  or  4  miles ;  which  is  one 
continued  bed  of  oyftcr  fliells,  uii'.'i  vti"; 
flioal  water.  Tlic  weflerninoft  [>fanth 
has  4  fett  water,  and  is  the  deepeft.  Af- 
ter crofluig  the  bar,  there  is  from  3  to  6 
fathoms  water  for  a  great  dift.ince,  and 
the  river  is  faid  to  be  navigable  more 
than  150  miles.  •  The  foil  on  this  river, 
like  that  on  all  the  others  th«t  paf» 
through  Georgia  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
grows  better  as  you  advance  towards  its 
Iburce. 

Pafcataqua.  or  Pifcataqua,  is  the  only 
large  river,  whofc  whole  courle  is  in  Nevr 
Hampfliirc.  Its  head  is  a  pond  in  the  N 
E  corner  of  the  town  of  Wakefield,  and 
its  general  courfe  thence  to  the  fca  is  S  S 
E  about  40  miles.  It  divides  N.  Hamp- 
fliirc from  York  co.  M^ine,  and  is  called 
Salmon  Fall  River,  from  its  head  to  the 
h)wer  falls  at  Berwick,  where  it  allumcs 
the  name  of  Newichawannock,  which  it 
bears  till  it  meets  with  Ct)checho  River; 
which  comes  from  Dover,  when  both  run 
together  in  one  channel  to  Hilton's  Point, 
where  the  weftern  brand  1  meets  it ;  fron» 
this  junction  to  the  fea,  the  river  is  fo  rap- 
id that  it  never  freezes;  the  dilliincc  is  7 
miles,  and  the  courfe  generally  from  S  to 
S  E.  The  weftcfn  branch  is'tirmed  by 
Swamfcot  P^i\er,  which  comes  from  Exe- 
ter, W'iiinicot  River,  whic.''  comes  thro" 
Greenland,  and  Lamprey  Kivtr,  which 
divides  Newmarket  from  iXirliHai;  thel.? 
empty  ii, to  a  hiy,  4  miles  wirl-.  called 
tilt  Great  Bay.  The  water,  in  itb  lurthcr 
progrels,  is  cwirfracled  into  a  IciTvr  bay, 
and  then  it  receives  Oyfter  Rivet,  which 
runs  tluouj;!)  Durham,  and  B^ck  River, 
which  comes  iVoni  Dover,  and  at  length 
mcct-v  \;\A\  the-  niAin  ftream  at  HiitonV 
Puior,     TIk  Tide  liftfli  into  all  thcfc  bay», 

and 


•   1  '  I 


;>,v    '  '   H 


iUi 


■'M 


PAS 


PAS 


and  branches  as  far  as  the  lower  falU  in 
each  river,  and  forms  8  mod  rapid  cur- 
rent, efpecialty  at  the  feafons  of  the  frcfli- 
ct9,  when  the  ebb  continues  about  two 
hours  longer  than  the  flood ;  and  were  it 
not  fur  the  numerous  eddies,  formed  by 
the  indentings  of  the  fhore,  the  ferries 
would  then  be  impafTable.  At  the  lower 
falls  in  the  fcveral  branches  of  the  river, 
arc  laRf^ing  places,  whence  lumber  and 
other  country  produce  is  tranfported, 
and  vt^Tcls  or  boat»  from  below  difcbarge 
their  lading ;  fo  that  in  each  river  there 
is  a  convenient  trading  place,  not  more 
than  iz  or  ij  miles  from  Portfmoutb, 
with  which  there  is  conAant  communica- 
tion by  every  tide.  Thus  the  river,  from 
its  form,  aud  the  iltuation  of  its  branches, 
is  extremely  favourable  to  the  purpofcs 
of  navigation  and  commerce.  A  light- 
houfe,  with  a  Cngic  light,  (lands  at  the 
entrance  of  Pifcataqua  harbour,  in  lat. 
43  4  N,  and  long.  70  41. 

Fa^ay a,  iiurifdlAion  in  the  archbifli- 
opriek  of  La  Plata,  about  40  leagues  to 
the  S  of  the  city  of  that  name.  It  is 
mountainous,  but  abounds  in  grain,  pulfe, 
and  'fruif;. 

Fafquotani,  a  couuty  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Edenton  diftriifl,  N  of  Albemarle  Sound. 
It  contains  5,037  inhabitants,  including 
J, 593  Haves.  At  Pafquotank  in  this  ca 
is  a  pod  office,  308  miles  from  Wafhlng- 
too. 

FafquetoHi,  a  fmall  river  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, which  rifes  in  the  Great  Difmal  Swamp, 
and,  palling  by  Hertford,  falls  into  Albe- 
inarlc  Sound. 

Pjjfaduniiag,  a  cnnliderablc  branch  of 
Penobfcot  River  nn  its  £  fide.  It  mean- 
ders through  4  fownfliips,  lately  furvey- 
ed,  and  about  to  be  fettled.  This  river 
it  the  route  by  which  the  Indians  had  an 
inland  communication  with  the  Schooduck 
Lakes,  and  other  waters  which  flow  into 
PafTamaquoddy  Bay  by  a  fliort  pottage. 

Piifiigofawaukeag,  the  Indian  name  of  a 
fmall  iiream,  which  runs  through  the 
town  of  Belfa(l,Maine,into  Penobfcot  Bay. 
Fajkatauquisy  a  large  branch  of  Penob- 
fcot River,  on  its  W  fide.  It  waters  more 
than  50  miles,  and  receives  iAmediatily 
10  other  dreams  which  alfo  receive  as 
many  other  fmall  tributaries,  and  as  ma- 
ny more  ponds  fpread  over  about  30 
townlhips  of  6  miles  fquart,  lately  fur- 
veycd,  and  progrefling  in  cultivation. 

Fajagf  Fott,  a  fmall  town  of  i!»c  ifland 
af  Jamaica,  fituated  in  the  mad  between 
Foit  Royal  and  Spanifli  Town,  7  uilei 
Fan 


S  E  of  the  latter,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Co« 
bre  River,  where  is  a  fort  with  xo  or  is 
guns.  It  has  a  briflc  trade,  and  contains 
about  00  houfcs,  the  grcatcd  parf  of 
them  1.  ufes  of  cntcriainmenT. 

Fajf^  e  JJland  lies  acrofs  the  mouth  of 
the  riv  -  Cobeca,  near  the  N  W  part  of 
the  ifl.i  1  of  Porto  Rica  The  harbour 
for  Ihip    is  at  the  £  end  of  the  ifland. 

Fajfag  I/landi,  Great  and  Little,  two  of 
the  Virg  » Iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  near 
the  £  e:  i  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  RicOb 
N  lat.  18  ao,W  long.  64  5. 

fojoge  Foiitt,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel* 
Ian,  lies  at  the  W  end  of  Royal  Reach, 
and  J  leagues  W  N  W  of  Fortcfcue's  Bay. 
Slat.j3  4^,Wlong.73  40. 

Faffaik,  or  Fafaici,  it  a  very  crooked 
river.  It  rifes  in  a  large  i'wamp  in  Morris 
CO.  N.  Jerfey,and  its  courfe  is  from  W  N  W 
to  £  S  £, until  it  mingles  with  the  HaCkin- 
fac  at  the  head  of  Newark  Bav  It  is  navi> 
gable  about  xo  miles,  and  is  330  yards 
wide  at  the  ferry.  The  cataradfc,  or  Grtat 
Falls,  in  this  river,  is  one  of  the  greateft 
natural  curiofiticsinthe  State.  The  riv« 
er  is  about  40  yards  wide,  and  moves  in 
a  flow,  gentle  current,  until  coming  with- 
in a  ihort  diflance  of  a  deep  dett  in  a 
rock,  which  crofles  the  channel,  it  de- 
fcends  and  falls  above  70  feet  perpendic- 
ular, in  one  eritire  flicei,  prefenting  4 
mod  beautiful  and  tremendous  fccnc. 
I'he  new  manufadhiring  t»wn  of  Patter- 
fon  is  creAcd  on  the  Great  Falls  of  this 
river ;  and  its  banks  are  adorned  with 
many  elegant  country  feats.  It  abounds 
with  fifh  of  various  kinds.  There  is  a 
bridge  joo  feet  long,  over  this  river,  oa 
the  uoft  toad  ftom  Philadelphia,  to  New 
York. 

Faffomaquoddy,  a  bay  and  river,  near 
which  is  the  diviflon  line  between  the 
Britifl)  province  of  N.  Brunfwickand  the 
U.  States  of  America.  The  ifland  of  Campo 
Bello,  in  the  N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  at  the 
middle  or  WpalTage  of  the  bay,  in  lat.  44 
50  N,  and  long.  66  46  W.  The  dlftancc 
from  Crofs  Ifle,  Machias,  to  W.  Pafllama- 
quoddy  Head,  L  9  leagues  N  £  by  £ ; 
and  from  the  Head  over  the  bar  to  Al- 
len's Hie  N  N  W  »  leagues.  When  you 
come  from  the  S  W,  and  are  bound  into 
Wed  Paflamaquoddy,  you  mud  give  the 
Seal  Rocks  a  birth  of  three  quarters  of  a 
mile  before  you  haul  in  from  the  harbour, 
as  there  is  a  whirlpool  to  the  eadward  uf 
them.  The  bay  is  about  a  league  from 
this  point.  It  is  high  water  here  at  full 
and  change  of  the  moon,  about  the  fame 
'  *       time 


time  at  a 
which  f 
called  b] 
dick;  bi 
Etchemii 
nobfcot  1 
*ween  th 
Airto  3ni, 
quoddy  F 
Fajfami. 
dcTcribed 
at  the  mo 
this  fide  S 
Cce  iu  the 
and  378  > 
Fajp2ma^ 
Inhabit  nt; 

36  N. 

FafumfJ: 

nint  a  fout 

Connedticu 

Mile  Falls, 

PoJJyuttk, 

CO.  Pcnnfyh 

•^■J^o,  or 

^ayaa  in 

long.  76  ss- 

Fatttgoa,  a 

which  entei 

Janeira. 

Fatagonhf] 
tie  known,  ej 
lat.  being  1  ic 
300  broad,  1' 
The  E  coad 
good  harbou 
of  the  bed. 
a  principal  tr 
«  no  timber  i 
parts  contain 
numerous  flo 
Patapfco^A\ 
*hich  emptie 
peak  Bay;  it, 
J*<»'nt,  and  B< 
Jaft  is  in  lat.  j 
<o.  Pennfylva 
S  courfe  till  i 
about  8  miles 
turns  eadwar 
into  a  broad  li 
It  is  about  30 
fore  it  cominu 
*hich  dand^  tl 
Baltimore.  Th( 
'us  River,  fron 
".  rtfcmbling 
fahlcforveflel 
I'eU's  Point  at 


PAT 

time  at  at  Boftnn.  There  are  three  rivcra 
which  fall  into  this  bay  ;  the  largcfl  is 
called  by  the  modern  Indians,  the  Scoo* 
dick;  but  by  De  Mens  t  '  Champlaine 
Etchemins.  Its  main  fourcc  is  near  Pe- 
nobfcot  River,  and  the  carrying  pUce  be- 
tween the  ttvo  rivers  it  but  3  miles.  See 
Nrui  Brun/wieL  The  mouth  of  PafTama- 
quoddy  River  has  35  fathoms  water. 

PaffamaguoiUy  Poji  Offictt  ou  the  above 
defcribed  bay,  is  kept  at  a  little  village 
at  the  mouth  of  Cobfcook  River,  17  miles 
this  fide  Brewer's,  the  eaftemmoft  pofl  of- 
fice iu  the  U.  States,  ao  N  E  of  Machias, 
and  378  N  £  of  Bodon. 

Pajfamaquaddittt  a  tribe  of  Indians  who 
Inhabit  near  the  bay  of  their  name. 

Pajfo  Magno,  a  iiver  of  Florida,  in  lat. 
36  N. 

Paffumfjicl,  a  fmall  river  of  Vermont, 
runt  a  fouthern  courfe,  and  empties  into 
Connedlicut  River,  below  the  Fifteen 
Mile  Falls,  in  the  town  of  Barnct. 

Paffyunk,  a  townihip  iu  Philadelphia 

CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  having  884  inhabiunts. 

Pafiot  or  St.  Juan  dt  Pajlo,   a  town  of 

Popayan  in  &  America.    N  lat.  i  50,  W 

long.  76  55. 

Patagaa,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
which  enters  the  ocean  S  W  of  Rio 
Janeira. 

Patagonia,  a  country  of  S.  America,  lit- 
tle known,  extending  from  35  to  near  54  S 
lat.  being  1  xoo  miles  long,  and  upwards  of 
300  broad,  lying  S  of  Chili  and  Paraguay. 
The  E  coaft  is  generally  low,  but  has  few 
good  harbours ;  that  of  St.  Julian  is  one 
of  the  beft.  It  is  fo  called  from  Patagont, 
a  principal  tribe  of  its  inhabitants.  There 
is  no  timber  in  the  S  parts,  though  the  N 
parts  contain  an  immenfe  quantity,  and 
numerous  flocks  of  cattle. 

Poftf^ycs,  a  navigable  river  of  Maryland, 
which  empties  from  the  N  W  into  Chela- 
peak  Bay ;  its  mouth  being  formed  by  N. 
Point,  and  Bodkin  Point  on  the  S,  which 
laft  is  in  lat.  39  8  30  N.  It  rifes  in  York 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  and  purfues  a  S  and  S 
E  courfe  till  it  reaches  Elkridge  Landing, 
about  8  miles  S  W  of  Ualtimore  ;  it  there 
turns  eadwardly  over  falls,  and  widens 
into  a  broad  bay  like  ftream  to  its  mouth. 
It  is  about  30  or  40  yards  wide  jud  be- 
fore it  communicates  with  the  balon  on 
which  ftand^  the  large  commercial  town  of 
Baltimore.  The  firftdifcoverer  called  it  Bo- 
lus River,  from  the  red  earth  found  near 
it,  rcfembliiig  bole  ammoniac.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  vefftis  drawing  18  feet  water  to 
fr'eU'i  Point  at  Baltimore ;  but  the  falls  a 


PAT 

little  above  Elkridge  lianding,  prevents 
the  navigation  farther. 

Patavirca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurif- 
diiftion  of  Santa,  or  Guarmty,  confiftinj; 
of  about  60  houfes.  It  lies  on  the  road 
leading  from  Paita  to  Lima,  67  miles  N 
of  that  city.  About  three  quartets  of  .1 
league  from  this  town,  and  nc^r  tlic 
fca-coaft,  are  ftill  remaining  fomc  luige 
walls  of  unbutnt  bricks,  being  the  ruins 
of  a  palace  of  one  of  the  Indi.m  prin- 
ces. Its  Atuation  correfponds  with  the 
tradition;  having  on  one  fide,  a  molt 
fertile  and  delightful  country,  and  on  the 
other,  the  refrcfliing  profptil  of  the  fca. 

Pdtaz,  a  jurifdii^ion  in  the  diocefe  of 
Truxillo,  in  S.  Ametica.  It  is  fituated 
among  the  mountains,  and  has  a  variety 
of  produdis,  of  which  gold  is  the  chief. 

Patehucn,  or  PatiodJ,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
in  N.  America,  having  a  (liver  mine  in  its 
vicinity.     N  lat.  ai,  W  long  99  58. 

Patience,  an  iiland  in  Narraganfct  Bay, 
Rhode  Ifland,  and  lies  a  mile  S  £  of  War- 
wick Neck.  It  is  about  two  miles  long, 
and  one  broad.  . 

Patoiomaci,  a  large   and  noble  river 
which  rifes  by  two  branches,  the  north- 
ern and  the  fouthern,  which  originate  in 
and  near  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  anit 
fotms,  through  its  whole  courfe,  part  of 
the  boundary  between  the  States  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Maryland.     Its  courfe  is  N  K  to 
Fort  Cumberland, thence  turning  to  the  F,  it 
receives  Conecocheague  Creek  from  Penn- 
fylvania ;  then  puruiing  a  S  £  courfe,  it 
receives  the  Shenandoah  from. the  S  W; 
after  this  it  runs  a  S  E  and  S  courfe,  till 
itre.nches  Maryland  Point;  thence  to  its 
mouth  it  runs  S  E.     In  its  courfe  it  re- 
ceives fcveral  conCdcrable  (Ireams,  which 
are  defcribed  under  their  refpetftiveheads. 
The  didance  from  the  Capes  of  Virginia 
to  the  terminition  of  the  tide  water  iu 
this  river  is  above  300  miles ;  and  navi- 
gable for  fliips  of  the  greatcft  burden, 
nearly  that  diftance.      From  thence   thi» 
river,  obrtru<Sled    by   f(;ar    conllderable 
falls,  extends   through  a  vaft  tract  of  in- 
hahited  country  tow.(rds  its  lource.     V.-.n- 
ly  in  the  year   1785,   the  Icgiilatiires  oi, 
Virginia  ai;d  Maryhmd  pafled  ailTsto  en- 
courage opening  ihe   nnvigation  of  tJii* 
river.     It  was  eftiniated  that  the  expenlur 
of  the  works   vould  amount  to  ;CjO,acO' 
ftcrlinij,  and   io   years    were  allowed  fof 
their  completion.  TJie  falls  above  George- 
town are   now   pafiaiile  in  bf^ats.     This 
noble  river  pafTcs   by  many   fiouriniiiig 
towns;  the  chief  of  uhicli  arc  Slicpherd- 

ftoViO, 


'    W:\} 


mv 


HTf4 


1 

M 

9f 

r\ 


m 


r\ 


!'*■      I'  ' 


PAT 


P  A  U 


ftown,  Georgetown,  Wafliington  City,  Al- 
exHndria.Ntw  Marlborough,  and  Charlef- 
town,  or  Port  Tobacco.  It  is  7 1  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth ;  4J  at  Nomony  Bay  ; 
3  at  Aquia ;  i^  at  Hallooing  Point ;  and 
li  at  Alexandria.  It»  foundings  arc  7 
fritlioins  at  the  mouth ;  5  at  St.  Oeorge's 
llland  ;  /\^  at  Lower  Matchodic  ;  J  at 
Swan's  Point,  and  thence  up  to  Alexan- 
dria. The  tides  in  the  river  are  not  very 
Aroiig,  excepting  after  great  rains,  when 
til';  tbb  is  pretty  ftrong  ;  then  there  is  lit- 
ilf  or  no  flood,  atid  there  is  never  more 
tiwin  4  or  5  hour'siloud.exccpt  with  long 
and  (Irong  S  winds,  tti  order  to  form 
jiift  ooiictptiousof  this  inland  navigation, 
it  would  be  requifitc  to  notice  the  long 
rivera  vvhich  empty  into  the  Patowmnck, 
and  furvey  the  geographical  polition  of 
the  wcftern  waters.  The  diflance  of 
the  waters  •  of  the  Ohio  to  Patow- 
mack,  will  be  from  ffuen  to  forty  miles, 
according  to  the  trcuhle  which  will  be 
taken  to  approach  the  two  navig.itions. 
The  upper  part  of  this  river,  until  it  paf- 
Ics  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  called,  in  Fry  and 
Jeffetfon's  map,  d  ongtfonto. 

Patrici,  a  county  of  Virginia,  contain- 
ing 6,68»  free,  and  647  black  people.  At 
the  court  houfeis  a  port  office,  2Si  miles 
from  Walhington. 

Patrick' tt  St.  a  fmnll  town,  the  chief 
of  Camden  co.  Georgia,  lituated  on  Great 
Satilla  River,  about  32  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  the  fame  diflance  northwed- 
«rly  of  the  town  of  St.  Mary's. 

PatriJgefieU,     See  PartriJgcfteU. 

Paitfnjhurg,  a  fmall  town  in  Botetourt 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  upon  James'  River, 
on  the  great  road,  %6  miles  from  Lexing- 
ton, II  from  Fincaflie. 

Patter/on,  a  town  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  called  fn  in  honour  of  the  governor 
of  the  State  cf  that  name,  and  now  one 
of  the  jtidgcs  of  the  Supreme  Federal 
Court.  It  was  eftabliflicd  in  CDnfequcncc 
of  an  a<5l  of  the  Icgiflature  of  R  Jerfty, 
in  1791,  incorporating  a  manufadluring 
company  with  peculiar  privileges.  Its  fit- 
uation,on  the  Great  Falls  of  PalTaic  Riv- 
er, is  healthy  and  agreeable.  It  now  con- 
tains about  50  dwelling  huufcs,  indepen- 
dent of  thofe  appropriated  for  the  ma- 
chinery; audit  is  certainly  one  of  the 
mod  convenient  fituaticns  for  a  manufac- 
tnring  t«)wn,  of  any  on  the  continent. 
This  company  was  incorporattd  to  en- 
courage all  kinds  of  maiiufaifturei,  and 
the  fun»  of  500,00c  dollars  was  foonfuh- 
fcribed  ;  but  for  want  of  ■-xptrlcncc,  and 


a  proper  knowledgenfthebunnefs,mtir!i 
was  expended  to  little  purpofe  ;  and  they 
were  at  laft  reduced  to  the  nccefllty  of 
having  recourfc  to  a  lottery  to  afllfl  them 
in  carrying  their  plan  into  execution.  It 
is  19  miles  N  £  of  Morri(h>wn,  10  N  of 
Newark.    N  lat.  40  12,  W  long.  74  57. 

Patueiet,  a  fmall  village  about  4  milen 
N  E  of  Providence  a  bufy  place  of  con- 
fiderable  trade,  and  where  manufa<n:ures 
of  fcveral  kinds  are  carried  oh  with  fpir- 
it.  Through  this  village  runs  Patucket, 
or  Pawtucket  River,  which  empties  into 
Seekhonk  River  at  this  place.  The  river 
Patucket,  called  more  northerly  Black- 
ftone's  River,  has  a  beautiful  fall  of  wa- 
ter, dirc(5lly  over  which  a  bridge  has 
been  built  on  the  line,  which  divides  the 
Commonwealth  of  MafTachufetts  from  the 
State  of  Rhode-Idand  ;  diflant  about  40 
milts  S  by  W  of  Bofton.  The  confluent 
ftrcam  empties  into  Providence  River 
about  a  mile  below  Weyboflett,  or  the 
Great  Bridge.  The  fall,ia  its  whole  length, 
is  upwards  ot  fifty  feet ;  and  the  water 
pafles  through  feveral  chafms  in  a  rock, 
which,  extending  diametrically  ftcrofs 
the  bed  of  the  flream,  ferves  as  a  dam  to 
the  water.  Several  mills  have  been  erect- 
ed upon  thefe  falls ;  and  the  fpouts  and 
channels  which  have  been  conflruillcd  to 
condu<5b  the  ftreams  to  their  refpe<5live 
wheels,  and  the  bridge,  have  taken  very 
much  from  the  beauty,  and  grandeur  of 
the  fccne ;  which  would  otherwife  have 
bccnindcfcribablycharmingandromantic. 

Patuxent,  or  Patuxet,  a  navigable  river 
of  Maryland,  which  rifes  near  the  fource 
of  Patapfco  River,  and  empties  into  the 
W  fide  ofChefapeak  Bay  between  Drurn 
and  Hog  Ifland  Points,  15  or  so  miles  N 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Patowmac.  It  ad- 
mits veflcls  of  ijo  tons  to  Nottingham, 
nearly  46  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  of 
boatH  to  Queen  Anne,  tl  miles  higher. 
Patuxent  is  as  remarkable  a  river  as  any 
in  the  bay,  having  very  high  land  on  its 
north  flde,  with  red  banks  or  cliffs.  When 
you  double  Drum  Point,  you  come  too  in 
•i-|  and  3  fathoms  water,  where  you  will 
be  fecurc  from  all  winds. 

Pjucar-Co//a,  a  jurlfdidlion  in  tJic  biflv 
oprick  of  La  Paz,  in  S.  America,  border 
ing  on  Chiicutto.  It  is  fituuted  in  the 
mountain?,  and  abonnds  in  cattle.  Tlie 
air  is  here  very  cold.  The  filvcr  mine 
called  Laycacota,  was  formerly  fo  ridi, 
that  the  metal  was  often  cut  out  witii  .1 
chifltl ;  but  the  waters  having  overflow- 
ed the  works,  it  Is  abandoned. 

Paueartiirii, 


jPamar 

fcefe  of  C 

fruitful,  i 

Pauiati 

into    Sfor 

part  of  t 

iitrticut  a 

Paul',  1 

■ivcr  St.  1 

>ow   Cape 

rnuuntaiiis 

minatcfro 

Paul'i    } 

Newfound 

'«"«•  57  5.1 
Pjul',  IJ, 
between  N 
iflands.     It 
of  North  C 
47  13,  W  I 
Puul,St. 
in  the  captj 
a  kind  of  ai 
poftd  of  th( 
However,  tH 
the  king  of 
by  inacceflih 
*fts.     S  lat. 
Pt"!,  St.  a 
ated  at  the 
head  branchi 
.    Paui,  St.  th 
Iflahds,  in  th 
Jca.    In  the 
where,  if  nee 
careening  rtii 
P'«l\  St.  i 
S.  Carolina,  c 
of  whom  638, 
Pau/ing/luu-i 
liutchefs  CO.  1 
tern  bnundah 
South  and  El 
contains  4269 
are  flavcs. 
Piulin't  Kilt 
Pau/Jhurfrh,  A 
Grafton  co.  > 
waters  of  Amoi 
vvhich  pallet  A 
Pilulus  Ifoei, 
on  the  weft  bai 
file  N.  York  cit 
yards  wide.     ., 
perhaps  more  i 
ynited  States. 
J"  the  late  war. 
"'tcnfe,  thar  th< 
''wc  was  praclid 
non.  ^ 

Vol.  I. 


p  A  i; 

S^atftartiimlo,  a  jnrifdiiTVion  of  the  dJo- 
fcefc  of  Cufco,  in  S.  America.  It  i^  very 
fruitful,  and  lies  80  leagues  K  of  Cnfco. 

Pauiatuck,  a  fmall  river  which  empties 
5nto  Sf.on'njjtoiV  harbour,  and  forms  a 
part  of  the  ciivifion  line  between  Con- 
ni.Oticut  and  Khode-Illand. 

Paiil't  Buy,  St.  on  the  N  W  ihore  of  the 
■ivcr  St.  Lawrenccj  is  about  6  leajjuts  be- 
iow  (lape  Torment,  where  a  ebon  of 
mountains  of  400  leagues  in  length  tcr-- 
minatefrom  the  weftvvard. 

Paul't  Bay,  St.  on  the  N  W  ccift  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  N  lat.4950,  W 
tons.  57  in. 

PjuI's  IJhnii,  St.  an  illand  in  the  ftrait 
between  Newfoundland  and  Cape  Breton 
Wanda.  It  is  abqut  15  mile*  north-eaft 
of  North  Capej  in  Cape  Breton.  N  lat. 
47  i3»  W  lonjr.  60  a. 

pjul,  St.  A  town  of  Brazil,  3.  America, 
in  the  captainChip  of  St.  Vincent.  It  is 
a  kind  of  an  independent  republic,  com- 
poftd  Of  the  banditti  of  fcveral  nations. 
However,  they  pay  a  tribute  of  g'oid  to 
the  king  of  Portugal.  It  is  fiirroimded 
by  inacceflible  mountains  and  thick  for- 
iflls.     S  lat.  ^3  »i,  W  long.  45  52. 

Pavl,  St.  a  town  of  New-jy/Iexico,  fitu- 
ated  at  the  confluence  of  the  two  niain 
head  biranches  of  the  Rio  Bravo. 

Paul,  St,  the  moft  foutherly  of  the  Pearl 
idands.  In  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  S.  Amer- 
ica. In  the  N  fide  is  a  l.afe  channel ; 
Tvhere,  if  necelFary,  there  isi  a  place  for 
careening  flilps. 

Paul's,  St.  a  parifh  in  Colleton  dinri<5t, 
S.  Carolina,  containing  7 14  4  inhabitants, 
of  whom  6383  are  flavcs. 

Paulinglloivn;  or  P.itvl!ng,  a  towtifliip  in 
butchefs  CO  N.  Yorkj  lying  on  the  wef- 
tern  boundary  of  ConneiSticiit,  and  lias 
South  and  Eaft  Town  on  rile  fouth.  It 
contains  4269  inhabitants,  of  whom  3.1 
are  flaves. 

Paulin'j  Kill.    See  Suffx  CO.  Nerv  J'tfcy. 

Piiuljhurgh,  an  uninhabiteci  townlliip  in 
Grafton  co.  N..^Hampfliire,  on  the  head 
waters  of  Amoiioofiirk  River.,and  through 
Which  pafli:'*  Androfco|;g!n  Rivc!\ 

Paulut  Huoi,  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jerfey,  is 
on  the  weft  bank  of  Hudfon  River,  oppo- 
lite  N.  York  eity,  where  the  river  is  2.000 
yards  wide.  Here  is  a  ferry,  which  is 
perhaps  more  ufed  than  any  tuhcr  in  the 
United  States,  'i'his  was  a  lortilied  port 
in  the  late  war.  In  1780  the  froft  was  fu 
intenfe,  that  the  paiVagc  acr^fs  the  river 
here  was  praCticdble  for  the  ht  avieft  can- 
non. ,^„       .V 

V«t.  I.  f.  o  2 


PAY 

Pawltt,2  townfli'p  in  Rutland  co.  VeN 
moot,  having  1938  inhabitants.  It  ftanda 
on  the  N.  York  line,  hHs  Wells  N,  .^nd 
Rupert  S,  and  is  wattrr cl  by  Pawlet  Riv- 
er, which  joins  Wood  C/ctk  and  the  con- 
fluent (Ircani, falls  into  .'•oinh  Bay  a:  Fid- 
dler's Elbow.  Hayftack  Mountain  is  in 
this  towndiip. 

pjiviucket ,  Falls,  ill  Merrimack  Riv'er^ 
are  in  the  townfliip  of  Draciit. 

Patvitixtt,  a  village  in  the  townfliip  of 
Cran(h)n,  Providence  co.  Rhodc-lfland. 

Paxaros,  an  ilUnd  on  the  coafl  of  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  N  lat. 
30  t8,  W  long,  izo  45. 

Paxtim,  Upper,  Lnivrt,atlA  MitMf,  three 
tnwnlhips  in  Diiuphin  co.  Pennfylvania  } 
the  firft  has  2274,  the  fecond727,  and  the 
third,  including  Swctara,  320!?  inhabit* 
ants. 

Pjxton,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachnfetts, 
Worcefter  co.  8  miles  weft  of  Woreefter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1765^ and  contatn* 
582  iiihabitants. 

Payjiin,  a  fmall  town  in  the  jurifdiclion 
of  Truxillo,  in  Peru,  8  leagues  S  of  St. 
Pedro. 

Paynrfiiiltr,  a  town  in  Trumbull  co. 
.State  of  Ohio,  on  Lake  Erie,  neur  the 
mouth  of  Grand  River.  It  had,  in  t3o2, 
about  ijo  inhabitants. 

Payraha,  a  town  and  captainfliip  in  th» 
northern  divilion  of  Brazil. 

P,iyta;  or  Puitii,  a  fmall  fea-port  of  Qui- 
to on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  with  an  excellent 
harbour,  ti  leagues  north  of  the  iilaiid 
calltd  Lohos  dc  Payta.  Ships  from  Ac- 
apulco,  Sonlonnate,  Rea'cijo,  and  Pana- 
ma tO.CallaojCan  Only  toiu-h  aiidrcfrcfhi 
here  ;  and  the  ltni;rii  of  their  voy.^^es,  by 
reafon  of  rhe  winds  being  moll  of  the 
year  agaihfl:  rlu-ni,  occ.-iiions  the  port  t<> 
be  very  much  frequented.  Yet  fo  parch- 
ed is  the  fnuarion  of  Payta,  that  it  afFord* 
little  helidrs  iifli,  a  few  goats  and  frcfli 
water  ;  their  chief  provilions  being  fur- 
niflicd  by  Colan  ;ind  Piiira,  the  one  3» 
Old  the  other  14  leagues  diflant.  The 
bay  is  de'.'ended  by  a  fort,  and  it  is  fo  lit- 
uated  th?.t  e .  en  mulkets  alone  cm  hinder 
hosts  from  landing,  being  under  a  pretty 
hi^h  lull,  on  tlie  fumrnit  of  which  ia 
anotlier  fort,  that  command.s  the  towa 
and  lower  fort.  It  h;"d  only  ,1  I'o.'-r  with 
8  gun':,  when  CommixU^re  Anfim  took  it 
in  1741.  He  burnt  tlie  town,  in  which 
was  merchandize  to  the  value  of  a  million 
and  a  half  of  doll.ir?,  becaulc  the  gover- 
nor refufcd  to  raiifoni  it.  The  pUmf'sf 
in    dollatt>    and     plate,    amounted     to 

;C  30,000 


■^it 


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1 

H'' 

'■■■ 

fS .-' 

'<! 

' , '  f '  ■' 

\ 

m 

y 

PEA 


PEA 


I  1 


ii 


/I  ^rt.CTc  ftcilinp.  tt  wa*  plundered  aiitl 
biiriu  l>y  Capt.  CAVcndilh,  tit  15H7,  und 
l)y  ^iforgt  Spilbcrj^  in  1615.  'I  r.trr  is 
anchorxc^c  in  10^  I'alhning  about  a  mile 
and  a  halt'  from  the  «own.  S  lat.  5  t.?, 
W  long.  80  .^5. 

J*<'z,  L<i,  a  I'mall  jiirifdio>ion  of  thr  an- 
diriK-e  1)1'  C'h.ircas,  in  I'tru,  S.  Amcrita. 
It  i»  rituatcU  in  tlie  mountains,  one  <>! 
which,  called  lilimani.rontnint.in  all  hu- 
man probiUiiliiy,  ininifiirc  riches;  tor  a 
crag  »)f  it  bciiij;  brokrn  off  foinc  yearn 
liiKc  hy  a  flafh  of  lightning,  luth  a  i{\mi\' 
tity  of  golil  \\;\s  found  ninonj"  the  fraj; 
ru!U<,  that  it  was  fold  for  foinf  time  at 
l.;\  Pal  for  tij'ht  piece*  of  tip.ht  ptr 
ounce.  I^ut  the  fummit  of  thik  mountain 
bfin^  pmutiially  covircd  with  ice  and 
fnow,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  open 
x  mine. 

PiiK,  Li3,  a  city  of  Peru,  and  capital  of 
the  above  jurildirtion,  is  K  of  the  lake 
Titiaca,  on  the  fide  of  a  valley,  among 
the  breaches  of  the  mount  lins,  through 
tvhich  a  pretty  large  river  flows.  In 
freiliCkS,  the  current  of  the  river  forces 
along  h«i;4e  nudes  of  rocks,  with  fonic 
jjraitu  of  potd.  In  the  year  i7.;o,  an  In- 
dian, while  wafhing  his  tltt  in  the  river, 
found  a  lump  of  gold  of  fuch  a  ii-ic,  that 
the  Marquis  do  C.dkl  Fuerte  gave  1  z,ooo 
pieces  of  eight  for  it,  ami  fcnt  it  to  Spain 
as  a  prcfent  worthy  the  curioOty  of  his 
fovereign.  This  city  contains  bdidcs  the 
cathedral, many  publicrdiilces.and  about 
ao,coo  inhabitants.  It  is  lilo  miles  N  of 
La  Plata,  and  3J0  S  li  of  Cufco.  S  lat. 
xjT  59,  W  long.  64  so.  j 

Pjzara,  a  cape  of  N.  America,  on  the  ; 
AV  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  California,  to- 
wards the  S  end  of  it,  in  about  lat.  34  N,.; 
and  long.  1  ij  ^^^ 

Pence  River,  a  large  river  of  N.  Ameri- 
ca,which  runs  northeafttrly  into  the  Lake 
e>f  the  Hills.  In  the  drie^  I'eafon  it  is  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  wide.  The  lands  on 
this  river  are  inhabited  by  the  Beaver 
and  Rocky  Mountain  Indians.  Like  all 
people Junacquiiinted  with  the  gol'pcl,  they 
are  a  barbarous,  wicked  race  of  bcinj;s. 
Polygamy  is  pra(5lifed,  and  the  women 
are  in  the  lowed  ftate  of  dtbafement.  At 
their  funerals,  among  other  extravagant 
tokens  of  forrow,  the  women,  if  the  dc- 
ceafed  be  a  favourite  fon  or  hulband,  cut 
off  a  finger  at  the  firft  joint.  Some  of  the 
old  women  have  not  a  whole  finger  left. 
The  men  think  it  below  their  dignity  to 
fliow  any  mark  of  grief.  Thefe  creatures 
are  great  gamefkrs,  pi:rfuing  the  bufi- 


ne(»  romrtimea  forffvrr.4ld»y»  aacf nigf»«. 
rhcir  habitations  are  formed  by  fettinj^ 
up  a  number  «>t  polc^,  uiiiicd  at  the  top, 
exji.mdcd  at  the  bottom  in  a  ciicle  of  n. 
or  t.c  feet  dianuttr,  I'litfe  are  covered 
with  drrfl'cd  Ikinii  fcwed  together.  Thi» 
and  other  drudperici  ar»  performed  by 
the  women,  while  the  men  lit  finoking  at 
their  rafe. 

Pmci,  nn  ifland  rn  the  eoaft  of  Nova- 
Scoli.t,Sof  Mirachi  Point. 

P.j^h  IfjiiJ,  it  iitiiatid  in  Lake  .St 
Clair,  U.  Canada,  abtmt  7  miles  higher 
lip  than  Dctroit.iicarlyoppoiitc  to  where 
the  (ir.ttui  Marais  eummunicates  with 
that  lakr.  It  contains  from  60  to  lou 
acres  of  land,  fit  for  tillage,  the  other 
part^  being  meadow  and  marili.  There 
is  little  wood  on  this  iiland  ;  it  is  not  im- 
proved. Siriyth. 

Pej^'nm,  a  poft  town  ill  Caledonia  co, 
Vermont,  lies  W  of  Barnet  on  C<)nnc<!:U- 
cut  River.     Tt  contains  873  inhabitant*. 

Pralt  of  Ottir  are  thought  to  be  the 
hi^,hc(lpart  of  the  Uhie  Kidge,er  perhaps 
any  other  in  N.  America.  Mcafuring 
from  their  bale,  the  hcij»ht  i»  4.000  feet. 

Peaplf  a  fmalt  ifle  or  fhoal  in  the  W.  la- 
dies, lat.  14  53  N,  and  long.  79  13W. 

Piurl,  an  illnnd  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
towards  the  mouth  of  the  MilBTippi,  a 
few  leagues  from  Dauphin  Mand ;  about 
6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  4  in  breadth. 

Piatt  IJlandsy  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
called  alfo  King  Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  t  %  le.igues  from  the  city  of  Pana- 
ma. They  are  low,  a.;'!  produce  wood, 
water, tVuit,fowli  and  hogs;  afford  good 
harbours  for  fliipt^  Th«  northern mofbia 
named  Pachea;  thcrouthcrnmoOSt.Paurs. 
N  lat.  7  10,  VV  long.  81  45. 

Prart,  ^  river  which  rifcs  in  the  Chac- 
taw  country,  in  the  W  part  of  the  MilFi- 
lippi  Territory,  ha»  a  fuutherly  courfe  to 
the  OnM  of  Mexico^  and  is  navigable  up- 
wards of  150  mites.  Its  principal  mouths 
are  near  the  entrance  at  the  £  end  of  the 
Rcgolets,  through  which  i.s  the  paflage  t» 
Lake  Ponchartrain.  It  lus  7  feet  at  its 
entrance,  and  deep  water  afterwards.  In 
1769,  there  were  fumefettlcmentsonthi» 
river,  where  they  raifed  tobacco,  indigo, 
cotton,  rice,  Indian  corn,  and  all  forts  of 
vegetables.  The  land  produces  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  fit  for  pipe  and  hoglhead 
(laves,  mafh,  yards,  and  all  kindi  of  plank 
for  fliip-building, 

Pearns  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Antigua,  and  the  W  fide  of  Muf- 
keto  Cove.    Off  it  are  the  Five  IHands. 

Peck-walktt, 


JPniv 
•ow  caj] 
Ara,  in  ^ 

PtUrtf 

Appalac 
where  i( 
Carolina 
And   reC( 
Creek,  L 
joiniithe 
town.    1 
accefTion 
Oeorgftoi 
which,  ah 
rates  wieli 
boats  of  6 
A</«,  /. 
N.  Caeolit 
I'edce  in  i 
the  ocean. 
Pe>/ra  Si 
from  Jat.  t 
79  9  to  7f 
Ped,ai  P 
leagues  £  £ 
I'land,  and 
point  on  th 
W  of  Brant 
Pedrjs,   a 
PuiMa  det 
tremity  of  i 
Pedro,  St. 
X'anibeyque 
houfes,  mofi 
lies.     7t   is 
mayo,  whicl 
very  fertile. 
»o  leagues 
»T  49.  W  )oi 
A</f  o,  5/. 
in  the  S.  Pac 
tives  OnatfiD 
cuit,  and  'lie 
end  of  La 
long.  ij8  30, 

'He  S  fide  of 
flueucc  of  th; 
1'hc  united  ft 
>nd  falls  into 
California. 

^dt^  Point, 

'he  ifland  of 

Point  to  this  u 

ahout  1 1  leagi 

M  leajjuc*  froi 

ernmoft  Pedro 

Ptdre,  Zittle 

Ume  ifland,  Ik 

withiQ  4  xitea 


p  E  r> 

Pickwatktti  an  ancient  Indian  village, 
BOW  called  b'ryeburgli,  60  inilct  from  die 
icii,  in  M-jiue. 

PtJuf  Grtat,  a  rircr  which  rifcs.in  tia- 
A|>pAlachian  A/lotiiit>iin«,  in  N.  Carolina, 
where  it  ia  cuilcd  Yadkin  River.  In  S, 
Carolina  it  takes  the  name  of  I'cdce  ; 
and  receiving  the  waters  of  I^yochc's 
Creek,  Little  Pcdec,  and  Black  Kivcr,  it 
joins  the  Wakkamaw  River,  near  Gcnrj^f- 
town.  Thefe  united  llreams,  with  the 
acccfTion  of  a  tinall  creek  on  wliii'h 
Georxctowa  ftaudu,  form  Winyaw  Bay, 
which,  ahout  14  milen  below,  cnBimi>ai- 
raic*  with  ihc  ocean.  It  h  navi;>able  fur 
boats  of  60  uv  70  tons  about  aoo  miles. 

PfUtt,  LUt/e,  rifcs  in  fcvcral  branches  in 
N.  Oaroliaa,  and  unites  with  the  Orrat 
I'cdee  in  S.  Carolina  alraut  32  mile*  from 
the  ocean. 

Peifra  ShoaU,  in  the  W.  Indies,  extend 
from  lat.  17  ao  to  30  N,  and  from  long. 
79  9  to  7<t  17  W. 

J*e>/rai  Paint,  on  tlic  cnad  of  Brazil,  is  7 
leagues  £  S  £  from  the  Arait  of  St.  John's 
Illand,  and  75  fromCupe  North.  Alfo  a 
point  on  the  fame  coall  10  leagues  W  N 
W  of  Brandihi  Bay. 

Pedfjtt  a  river  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
Ptiuta  des  Pcdras,  at  the  fuuthcrn  ex- 
tremity of  Amaxon  Kivcr. 

Pedro,  St.  a  town  in  the  jurifdii'iion  of 


PEL 

fathoms  within  and  10 on  the  outer  cdj«c 
ol  it. 

P.Jro  Piihii,  Si.  on  the  toafl  of  Chili,  it 
8  lcai<uri  N  N  )•:  (>r  i'ditif  (Jl'.idar.and  14 
S  .S  VV  of  l,',t|ic  Calcia.  J'uit  Si.  P.iJru  u 
roiiti;;>,ui>(i!i  to  thi-.  pniiit. 

PtJio  Poll,  St.  Ik  i»  \\  cii  the  Idand  of 
St.  Catherine,  and  on  ilic  h  V.  coal!  ot  Bra- 
zil, at  the  entrance  ot  the  livci  l.a  I'l.ita. 

PeJru  Jiivtr,  .'it.  runs  W  10  tlio  Gulf  «f 
Mexico.  Its  mouth  iii  in  about  lat.  2.1  N, 
and  l()nj>  98  VV. 

PceJt'i'Kill,  a  fmall  liulk  town  in  W. 
Chcftcrcd.  N  York,  oil  tlu.  !•.  liilcuf  Uud- 
fon  Kivtr,  and  N  lidc-  ol  ilic  ctctk  vi  its 
name,  5  miii.i  I'rnin  iti  mouth.  It  is  zo 
miles  S  ot  Fiili-Kill  and  50  N  of  N.  Yolk. 
In  the  v.i)ittr  of  1780,  V,t\\.  Wall^injtou 
encamped  on  the  ilron^  grounds  in  ihii* 
vicinity. 

Piling,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  New- 
liampfbirc,  containing;  8.(  inhabitantii. 

Pcgvinoa,  a  N  VV  biamh  of  Pairiik 
River,  in  N.  Jerfcy,  which  nfts  in  .Su/Tei: 
CO.  The  town  ot  its  name  lies  bttwrcu 
it  and  Kockaway,  another  branch  S  of 
this  river,  N  W  of  Murtinnwn. 

Peiiffcat,  or  Pfjipjhcni^  Valli,  in  Andfof- 
coggin  River,     ycc  KmniLeci  Riiier,  &c. 

Pejefifiat,  W  Pr^y'^l-ea^,  A  townfllip  in 
Cumberland  co.  Maine,  adjoininj^  Poljnd, 
Durban),   &.c.   on  the   wofttrlv   bank  of 


)  I 


I.ambcyque,  in   Peru,   conliftinj;  of  130   ,  Great  .'iineril'ko;;gen  River,  about  thirty 
houfes,  modly  inhabited  by  Indian  faini-  |    miles  N  of  PorcIan<l 


lies.  It  is  waflied  by  the  river  Pacaf- 
mayn,  which  rcjiders  the  country  round 
very  fertile.  It  is  feated  near  the  S.  Sea, 
ao  leagues  from  l.ambeyque.  S  lat.  7 
»5  49,  W  long.  78  ao  15. 

J'iJro,  St.  one  of  the  Martjucfas  Ifl-inds, 
in  the  i<.  Pacific  Ocean,  called  by  the  na- 
tives Onattyn  ;  it  is  about  3  leagues  in  cir- 
<uit,  and  lies  S  4^  leagues  from  the  K 
end  of  La  Dominica.  S  lat  9  58,  W 
lonfr.  Ij8  30. 

PfJro,  St,  a  town  of  New-Mexico,  on 
the  S  hdc  of  Coral  River,  near  the  con- 
fluence of  that  river  with^  the  Colorado. 
I'hc  imited  flream  runs  a  fliorl  way  S, 
and  falls  into  the  N  part  of  the  Uuif  of 
California. 

Mfi/»(>  Point,  Orrat,  is  on  the  S  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  From  Portland 
Point  to  this  point  the  courfe  is  W  by  N 
about  1 1  leagues.  About  5  ^  £,  diftaucc 
14  leagues  from  Point  Pedro,  lies  the  eaft- 
ernmoft  Pedro  Key. 

Pedro,  LUtle  Paint,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the 
(ame  illand,  Ues  £  of  Great  Pedro  Point, 
irithia  a,  jQxoal  {urtly  4tj  ;  but  lias  5 


Pi/i  Puini,  or  f/'jint  au  Pie)  U.  Canada, 
now  called  the  South  Torcland,  extcjid- 
\w'i^  into  Lake  £ric,  between  Lnndguard 
and  tbc  mouth  of  DtCruit  Uiver,  is  noted 
for  btiog  a  good  place-  to  winter  cattle  at, 
on  accimnt  of  the  lullics  which  abound 
there.  Smyth. 

Ptltfon,  3  name  fomctinics  applied  to 
Clinch  Ri-utr  ;   v>hicli  fee. 

Pelham,  a  townflvip  of  MalT^rhufctts, 
Hampfliire  CO.  la  miles  N  E  of  North- 
ampton, and  85  VV  of  Boflon.  It  w^s  in- 
corporated in  174a,  and  contains  1144 
inhabitants. 

Peiiiam,ii  pcifl  town  of  Rockinghmn  co. 
N.  Himpfliirc,  on  the  tj  .State  liiu.',  wbieh 
fcparatcs  it  from  Diacut  in  Millathu- 
fftts.  It  lies  on  tbc  E  iidc  of  Beaver 
River,  30  miles  S  VV  of  Iixeter,  and  j6 
N  of  Bofton.  It  wafi  iiii-'orporatcd  in 
1746,  .tnd  contains  918  inhabitants. 

Pelbam,  a  townfhip  of  VVeft-Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  hounded  S  and  E  by  the  .Sound, 
N  including  New-City,  H.irt,  and  Ap- 
plefby'i  Ulandi.  It  cuataius  943  inhab- 
itants. 

Ptllam 


I  ' ' 


n  '). 


P  E  M 

fetham  Toxvit/tif',  Lincoln  co.  I).  Cana- 
da, lit^s  10  tlic  S  (it'Iouth.  and  is  watcied 
by  t^-e  Chippewa  or  Wtlland.        Smyib. 

PJican,Grfat,  an  illand  I'l  mile  loni^.md 
Very  ri.urri»v,  E  of  the  Bay  of  Mobile  in 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  concave  fide  i> 
towards  the  E  end  of  Daupliin  Ifland. 
Hawk'»  Eay  lies  between  tlafc  two  id- 
•nds.  Littie  Ptlidin  TJlaiiJ  is  a  I'm.dl  fand 
key,  S  E  of  Ore  It  Pelican.  h»  E  curve 
mcctii  a  large  0  ''>al  extending  front  Mo- 
bile Point. 

Pelican  IJljiidt,  on  th<;  S  C(iaft  of  the  ifl- 
and'of  Jamaica,  :ire  fituated  otf  the  point 
io  called,  VV  of  Port-Royal  harhour. 

PiUcan,  3  fmnll  iddod  at  tiie  £>  W  point 
pf  the  iHand  of  Antigua. 

Pfiican  Koi-ls  lift  in  Runaway  Bay,  on 
theWfjdc  ot  the  Ifland  of  Antigua,  to- 
•wards  the  N  W.  They  lie  updcr  water, 
and  arc  very  dangerous.. 

Pelican  Shoals,  fmall  patches  of  fand- 
t>anks  about  h.ilf  a  mile  from  the  f1\urc 
pf  the  S  W  coaft  of  Barbadoes  Ifland. 

Pemaguiiif  a  bay  on  the  ie^-coafl  of  IJn- 
coin  CO.  Maine.  It  lies  £  of  ShecpCcot 
River,  and  contains  a  number  of  [flands, 
biany  of  which  are  under.  cul|.ivation. 

Pcmaquid  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
above  bay,  lies  a  miles  E  of  Booth  Bay, 
and  about  4  leagues  N  W  of  Mcnhegan 
ifland.     N  lat.  44  .5,  W  long.  A9. 

Ptmagen,  ,1  rettlenient  of  Maine,  7  miles 
from  St.  Denis,  or  Denys  River,  and  i^ 
from  Moofe  Inland. 

PittLtokt,  a  lownfliip  of  MafTachufctts, 
Plymouthcp.  30  inil^s  S  by  E  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1712,  and  contains 
3943  inhabitants.  It  lies  18  miles  tmm 
the  mouth  of  North  River  ;  and  vefFels 
of  300  tons  have  been  built  here.  See 
JVeW/6  Hiver. 

Pcmbrulc,  the  Suncooi  of  the  Indians,  a 
townfhip  pf  N  Hampfliire,  in  Rocking- 
ham  CO.  on  tlu-  E  iide  of  Mrriimack  Riv- 
er, oppoute  Concord.  It  lies  upon  two 
jmall  rivers,  Bowcook,aiid  Suncook, 
which  run  a  S  by  W  conrle  into  Merri- 
mack River.  In  1728, it  was  fettled  and 
called  Ziei^eiueU's  Tuiun.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1759,  and  contains  982  iniiab.it- 
ants. 

Pemi'rtivajfet,  a  river  of  Ncw-Hamp- 
fliire,  wiiich  fprings  from  the  eaftern  pjrt 
of  the  ridge  called  the  Height  of  Land. 
Moofc-hillock  Mountain  gives  it  one 
branch  ;  another  comes  from  the  S  W 
extremity  of  the  White  Mountains,  and 
-.a  third  comes  from  the  townfliip  of  Fran- 
'coiiia.    Its  length  is  about  50  miicb ;  its 


PEN 

courfe  j?enerally  Ti,  and  it  rcceivf*  fioin 
bothndtsa  nuuiberol  dreams.  Winijii- 
feii^;ti'  Rivir  comes  from  the  lake  of  th:H 
n;uiie,  :«nd  unites  it>i  waters  with  the 
rcmigcwalltt  at  the  lower  end  of  San- 
hurutown.  From  this  jun(tbon,  the  cun> 
(luent  ffrcain  bears  the  n^me  of  M<rri- 
niack,  to  the  fea.     .See  Mrtriaaci. 

Pi-milrloH,  a  county  of  Virginia,  l)OUud- 
cd  N  VV  by  Randolph,  and  S  by  Rock- 
iiij>ham  counties;  watered  by  the  S 
branch  of  Patowniack.  It  rnntaiits  3,^54 
free  inha'jitants,  and  Xi4  llaves.  Chief 
town,  Frankford. 

Pindletoii,  a  diftriifl  of  S.  Carolina,  011 
Keowcc  and  Savannah  Rivers.  It  con- 
tains 20,050  inhabitants,  of  whom  2,104 
are  llaves.  The  court  houfe  in  this  dif- 
tritSt.  where  n  a  pod  office,  is  ^^  mile* 
N  N  E  of  Franklin  couit  houft  ii^  Geor- 
gia, and  5a  W  of  Cambridge. 

PendlttoB,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  co\u 
taining  1,573  people,  of  whom  439  arc 
flaves.    At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. 

Penguin,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
about  10  milc>  N  E  of  the  coaft  of  New-' 
fouadland.  It  has  this  name  irum  the 
multitude  of  birds  of  that  name  which 
frequent  it.     N  lat.  50  .?,  W  long.  50  30. 

There  is  alfo  anifland  of  the  fame  name, 
on  the  coaft  of  Pat.igonia,  in  the  S.  At- 
lantic Ocean,  3  leagues  S  E  of  Port  De- 
lire.  It  is  an  uninhabited  rock,  hi>>h  at 
the  eiids  and  low  in  the  middle,  and  is 
the  largeft  and  outermoft  ol  a  number  of 
fmall  ilies  or  rocks,  and  is  about  a  muf- 
ket-fhot  from  the  main  land.  It  abounds 
in  an  extraordiuHry  manner,  with  pen- 
guins and  feal.s.  It  is  three  fourths  of  a 
mile  in  length,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth 
from  E  to  W. 

Pftini  Rr^'cts,  two  cliifters  of  iflands  in 
the  broadeft  and  S  W^  part  of  Hudfoii* 
Bay,  N.  America  ;  diftingulflicd  by  the 
names  of  E.  and  W  Penh's. 

Pennington,  or  Pcnnytutun,^  pleaCant  and 

flourifliing  village  in  Hunterdon  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  9  mil<s  W  of  Princeton,  and  .56 
N  £  by  N  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
church  for  public  worlhip,  atid  about  40 
Iioufes.     Here  i.s  a  poft  office. 

Pcnn,  firi,  ftands  at  the  mouth  of  a 
fmall  creek,  on  the  VV  fide  of  Delaware 
River,  in  Northampton  co.  about  ai  miles 
N  of  the  town  of  Eafton,  and  near  70  N  ot" 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  40  $(),  W  U-ng.  75 
1 3.  The  road  frnm  Philadelphia  to  Tio- 
ga Point,  pafTcs  through  the  opening  in 
the  Blue  Mountains,  called  Wind  Caf, 
about  9  miles  >>  W  of  this  fcrt, 

'  Sinn.^ 


Pfn,  t 
M  o«  tlie 
polite  to  I 

Piitn'i, 
Sulquehai 

Prnu/l/er 

Pcnntvlva 
able  iAue  1 
flone,call< 
iquaiuity  < 
tain  as  to  1 
rods  from 
are  below 
miles.  Bel 
empty  tl.rt 
to  the  Sufij 

Prntjhoro 

fame  counts 

PenitJauTy 

nia,  in    Bu 

Delaware  B 

the  celebra 

himfelf.     H 

planted  gar 

with  mquy  1 

provcments, 

Ptnn,  Ne, 

(ies  pn  Old  ] 

«f  the   boui 

Olouccflcr  C( 

l>y  N  of  Sal. 

ware,  and  % 

Penn't  Nee 

'•ngs  of  cue 

I'ilc  and  a  h 

Jerfey,  on  h 


r  ?N 


PEN 


v\d  in 

tr  of 

muf- 

bounds 

pt;n- 

of  a, 

eadlh 


nt  and 
c«).  N. 
and  .s6 
itaiiiB  a 
lOUt  40 

ih  of  a 

II  mile* 
70  Not 
*.ng.  75 
to  Tio- 
ning  in 
nd  Gapt 


PtMH,  Port,  in  Ncw-CijWc  C(i.  Delaware, 
4»  4IU  tlie  W  b.uiV  of  Po)awatc  River,  op- 
police  to  Rtoly  in4uc1. 

Pcnn't,  a  townHiip  .Of  IVniifylvania,  on 
Sur<]utl)ai)nali  Rivi!r«lt<fvin};  a.^or;  inktU. 

Pei»i/lt,ri)uj<h,  Wrft't  ill  Cumlieriand  to. 
Pcnntvlvania.  Intlilii  town  is  a  remark- 
able ifrue  of  water  from  a  ridge  of  iiiut- 
ftone, called  "  The  Big  Spring.'  Sudi  1 
quantity  of  water  flows  from  the  toun 
tiiin  M  to  carry  a  mill  hii>lt  only  tlurty 
rods  from  the  fourte.  Five  otlier  millb 
are  below  on  the  fame  ftr(.;tin,  within  4 
iniles.  Lcluw  the  lower  mill  the  w.itcrs 
empty  through  Conidogwinnct  Creek,  in- 
to the  Sufqiiehaunah. 

Pi-nrJiorckgLf  £ajl,  a  townfhlp  in  the 
fame  county. 

Ptnx/aury,  a  fmall  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  in  Bucl^'s  co.  on  a  fmall  creek  of 
Delaware  River.  It  W43  a  manor  which 
the  celebrated  Mr.  Penn  refcrved  for 
himftlf.  Here  he  built  a  houfe,  and 
planted  garment  an;l  orchards;  which, 
with  mqiiy  additia;\al  buildings  and  im- 
prov^mentii,  dill  continue. 

Ptnn't  Kni,  in  Salem  co.  New-Jerfey, 
lies  9n  Qld  Man's  Creek,  which  is  p.4rt 
of  the  boundary  between  Salem  and 
Olouccftcr  counties.  It  is  ti  miles  N  Ji 
by  N  of  Salem.  3!^  miles  from  the  Pcla- 
ware,  and  f  bclnw  Swedtlhorough. 

Penn'i  Neei,  the  u:mic  of  a  range  of 
i.:nyR  of  cjcellcnt  foil,  fituated  about  a 
Piilc  and  a  h^lf  S  E  oi  Princeton  in  JiJ. 
Jcrfey,  on  »  point  of  land  formed  by 
Millftone  River  and  Stony  JJroole.  It 
derived  its  name  from  the  celc!>ratid  Ug- 
itivitcr,  William  Psnq,  who  toi iii.rly  own- 
ed th>«  tradt. 

PAnnfyhaniu,  one  of  the  United  Stales 
of  ^nuericH,.  is  fituated  between  39  43  and 
41-Nilat.  and  between  7448  and  80  8  W 
long. I,  bciit^i^  in  len<^th  about  288,  miles, 
and  in  breadth  156.  It  is  bounded  E  by 
Delaware  Rivi  r,  which  fcparates  it  from 
New  Jerfcy  ;  U  I'y  New  York  and  J.akc 
Erie,  where  there  is  a  good  port;  W  by 
the  State  of  Ohio,  and  a  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  S.  by  a  part  of  Virginia,  Mary- 
land, and  Delaware.  The  St!i(e,  (ex- 
cept the  pur.chafe  mentioned  below) 
lies  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram.  The 
notthweft  eorner  of  tUis  State,  containing 
aoout  aoi  000  acres,  WiM  p.urchaled  of 
('ongrefs  by  this  State.  Pennfylvania 
fv'ntains  44.900  fquare  miles,  and  is  di- 
vided into  ,15  counties,  viz.  Philadelphia, 
Chefter,  DLlawarc,  Bucks,  Montgomery, 
|krl(;3,LancaIler  Dayplun,  Northampton; 


Fti">-i 


I.U7,trne,  York,  Cumlicrland,  Niir»h\irn» 
lierl.md,  lrAiik:;ii,  Ikdford.  Huntm.'^d'.n, 
Miiiliii,  W(itnii'rt!.(iKl,  Soincif«t.  r.iytttc, 
Wrtfliiii^toii,Alicgh,iiiy,I.yr()'i\iii^,OrceH, 
VV.iync,  /Vilair.i.  lU  iitre,  lifitver,  Lutlcr, 
Merrer,  Crawfirrd,  I.rit,  \V.irreii, Venan- 
go, and  Ariiilhoii,*,'.  Ihelc  .<re  fubdivid* 
ed  into  towplliips,  not  bv  .inv  fpcci.it  law 
ot  rhe  legiil.iturc,  but  <in  anplieatiun  of  4 
..  licient  niiniber  of  the  ciiizens,  in  any 
ntijjhbourh'.iod,  to  the  judges  ot  the  court 
of  cmninon  pleas  and  general  <iu,'.it<.r  fef- 
lions  of  the  county.  In  each  tiiwiifliip 
the  citizens  h.«vt  the  privilege  nt  .^n't.n- 
bling  once  a  year,  to  choofe  two  overlttrs 
of  the  poor,  two  aliciVors,  a  collector  of 
taxes,  two  i'lipcrvifors  of  the  ro<uli*,  and  a 
condalvie,  The  number  of  inhabitants, 
according  to  the  cenlus  of  1790,  wm» 
434>373i '"chiding  .•5,737  llave-i;  iniSoo, 
6oj,54j,  including  1,706  flaves.  There 
are  iix  contiderable  rivera,  which,  with 
their  numerous  branches,  peninfuUte  the 
whole  State,  viz.  the  Delaware,  Schuyl- 
kill, Sufquehannah,  Yougbiogany,  M»* 
nongahela,  Alleghany,  and  Juniatta.  The 
b:<y  and  river  Delaware  are  navigable  up 
to  the  Great  or  Lower  Falls  at  Trenton, 
155  miles  frmn  the  fca,  and  a  (hip  of  the 
line  can  afcend  to  fbiLtJil/ihru,  the  me- 
tropolis, i20  miles  from  the  lea,  by  the 
thip  channel  of  the  Delaware.  A  ccnfid- 
eral.le  part  of  the  Si.itc  may  be  called 
mcuntainous;  particularly  the  conntiea 
of  Bedford.  Huiiiingdon,  Cumberhiid, 
p-.irt  of  Franklin,  D.aiphin,  and  part  of 
Buck's  and  Northampton, ll)r(>uy,h  which 
pafs,  under  various  nnnits,  the  numerous 
ridges  and  Ipius  which  eollee^ively  form 
the  Great  Range  of  /itU^iany  Alountains. 
The  principal  iicli.cj  h(  re  are  tJic  Kitta- 
tinny,  or  Blue  Moiciitaiiis,  wliicli  pafs  N 
,)[  Nazareth,  i'l  Nin  thanipton  eo.  p.iid  piir- 
I'ue  a  S  W  couile,  acrofs  the  Lehigh^ 
through  Dauphin  co.  jiift  above  Harrif. 
liurg,  theucc  on  the  VV  lide  of  the  Sulque- 
liannah, through  Cumberland  and  Frank- 
lin comities.  Back  of  thefe,  and  nearly 
parallel  with  them,  are  Peter's,  Tufcaro- 
ra,  and  Nel'eopeck  M(untains,  on  the  E 
lidt  of  the  Sufqiiehanii;ih  ;  apd  on  theW 
S.liarenian's  Hills,  Sideling  Hills,  R^'gged., 
Great  W'arrior.s,  Evits  and  Wills  Moun- 
tains;  then  the  Great  Alleghany  Ridge  ; 
\\  of  this  are  the  Chcinut  Ridges.  Be- 
tween Juniatta  and  the  W  branch  of  th« 
Sulquchannah  are  Jack's, Tufly'.s,  Nitting, 
and  Bald  Eagle  Mountains.  Ihc  vale* 
between  thefe  mountains  are  generally  of 
a  rich,  black  i'ul;  fuited  to  the  various 


'  ;  ■i.,-l-3.{ 


1 


■''■'    In 


PEN 


PEN 


If 
1  i 


\\i 


ltin(1)nff;rttin:indgraft.  Some  of  the  inoun« 
taini  will  .idmit  cultivation  almoft  to  their 
tnpn.  The  other  parti  of  the  State  are 
grntrally  Icvil,  of  agreeably  variegated 
v/ith  hilU  and  valiif^.  The  foil  of  Pcnn- 
I'ylvania  ii  of  various  kinds ;  in  runic 
pirti  it  is  hjtrren,  hut  a  great  proportion 
of  the  State  in  pood  land  ;  and  no  inron- 
fidfralile  part  of  it  is  very  good.    The 


I  miitic  tafte,  and  arc  thought  to  Tiave  equal 
j  medicinal  virtue  to  the  fmall  Virginia 
Inakc-ruot.  The  /lamtwem  t»iuilii>Jii ,  or 
rcd-herried  elder,  it  found  here.  Ainoi:^ 
the  Indiann  it  is  called  fevcr^buHi ;  and  4 
decotf^ion  of  its  wood  and  buds  is  highly 
efleemed  by  them.  It  would  be  endkli 
to  dclcribc  the  beautiful  lflowering(hrub«, 
and  ufeful  as  sMo  ornamental  plants  in 


Franklin.    The  richer  that  i» 
i^   lietwctn   Allcj;hany  River 


■^     If 


rirhcft  traOt  that  it  is  fr.ttlcd,  is  L.incafter  j:  this  Stttc.     Orapes  of  fcvcral  forts  arc 
«o.  and  the  valley  thronjh  Cumberland,  |l  common  :  the  late  kind,  when  mellowed 

by  ftoft,  make,  with  the  addition  of  fiigar, 
j»()od    wine.     The  apples,  pears,  plums, 
and  pruchcs  arc  jjootl.     At  prrlcnt,  the 
cultivation  of  the  vine   is  modi  in  vogue 
in  Pennfylvania,  and  good  wine  hasbern 
already  made.     Iron  ore  alwnmds  in  tiiis 
State  .  copper,  lead,  and  allum  appear  in 
fome  places.    Limeftone  ia  common,  as 
alfo  fevcral  kinds  of  marble.     In  the  mid- 
dle and  weftcni  country  is  abundaiKrc  of 
coal.     At  the  \»aA  of  tnc  weflern  branrh 
of  Sufquehami:ih  is  an  estenfive   lied, 
which  ftretches  over  the  coimtry  fouth- 
weClwardly,  To  at  to  be  found  ia  the  grcat< 
eft  plenty  about  Pittfburg.    There  are 
airo  confiderable  bodies  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  the  Schuylkill  and  Lehij^h ;  and 
at  Wyoming  there  is  a  bed  open,  which 
gives  very  intenfe  heat.     Ufeful  quadru- 
peds, in  the  rtcw  diftriiSl*,  arc  deer,  iq 
great  ntimbers,  beavers,  otters,  ratoooj, 
and  martini.     BuflPalues  rarely  crofs  the 
Ohto,  and  tiks  ftJdom  advam:c  from  the 
N.     Panthers,  wild  cats,  bears,  foies  and 
wolves  are  not  rare;    the  laft  du  mod 
mifchicf,  efpecially  in  the  winter;    but 
the  fur  and  (kins  of  all  are  valuable.    In 
the  thick  fcttlements,  rabbits  andfquir- 
rels  are  frequent ;  alfo  minks  and  muflc- 
rats  in  marfhcs;  partridges  are  yet  iiii- 
merons.though  the  late  hard  winters  have 
dcftroycd  many,  and  wild  turkies  in  the 
new  fcttlememt;    pheafants  and  groiife 
arc  become  fcarce ;  pigeons,  ducks  and 
wild  gcefe  are  generally  found  in  plenty 
in  their  proper  feafons.     Here  are  X  gtcn 
number  of  Gnging  birds,  as  many  migrate 
to  this  State  from  N  and  S  in  certain 
feafons.    Trouts  arc  common  in  the  riv« 
ulets,  in  length  feldom  above  a  foot.     In 
the  eaflefn  rivers,  the  principal  fifli  arc 
rode  and  fheep's  head,  with  Oiad  and 
herring,  which,  in  the  fpting,  come  up 
from  the  fea  in  great  (hoals.     'I'hcfe  are 
not  found  in  the  weftern  waters,  which 
are  faid  to  have  their  own  valuable  kinds, 
efpecially  a  fpecies  of  cat-filh,  weighing 
from  50  to  100  pounds;    yellow  perch 
and  pike  «fe  ^Ifo  in  t,bem  mucU  larijcr 

aud 


York  and 
unftttkd, 

and  Lake  Erie,  in  the  northweft  part  of  j 
the  State,  and  in  the  country  on  the  h«  adt  ' 
of  the  eaftern  branches  of  the  Alleghany, 
y^nnfvlvania  inclndcfi  the  greater  part  of  | 
the  kinds  of  trees,  ftiruhs,  and   plants,  | 
that  grow  within  the  U.  Stato.    Oaks,  of  | 
fevcral  fpccits,  form   the    bulk  of  the  | 
woods.      Hickory  and  walnut   make    a 
greater  proportion  than  in  the  northern 
States.     Safiafras,  mulberry,   tulip   tree,  I 
and  cedar,  are  comiaon  and  grow  to  per-  1 
fcdlion,     The  mo'^nniia  glauca,  at  fwanip  | 
faflafras,  is  found  in  low  grounds ;    the  ' 
iwig?  nnd  roots  are  ufcd  both  in  bath 
and  dccoAion  for  removing    the  rhtu- 
riatifm.     The  maj^nnlin  acuminata,  or  cu- 
eumher  tree,  grows  very  tall  about  the 
WcRern  mountains.     The  mcg—.lin  ttific-to' 
la,  or    iiimbrclla  tree,  is  found  in  fome 
parts    16  or  ao  feet  hi^h.     The  bark 
fmooth,  and  the  leaves  fometimcs  exceed 
Ij  or  15  inches  in  length,  and  .5  or  6  in 
breadth,  terminating  in  a  point  at  each 
irxtremity.    The  leaves  are  placed  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches,  in  a  circular  form, 
refenibling  an  umbrella ;  hence  the  name. 
The  bark  of  the  tulip  tree  is  cfteemed  a 
tolerable  fubftitute  for  the  Peruvian  bark; 
but  the  ctriius  foriria,  or  dogwood,  which 
is  frequent  in  the  State,  is  preferred.     Bc- 
iidesmany  othervaluabletrcts  and  flirubs, 
are  the  feveral  fpecies  of  maple :  of  thefe 
the  fcarlet  flowered  and  fugar  maple  are 
the  moft  ufeful ;  they  are  common  in  the 
Northern  and  wcftern  parts  of  the  State, 
and  are  larger  than  the   other  fpecies, 
growing  from  50  to  60  feet  high,  and 
yield  abundwuce  pf  lap  for  the  making  of 
iiigar.     The  a(h-lcavcd  tooth-ach  tree,  is  ' 
found  here  and  in  Maryland.     The  bark 
and  capfales  have  an  acrid  tafte,  and  are 
ufcd  in  relieving  the  tooth-ach,  whence 
it  has  got  its  name.     The  (hrubby  bith- 
•wort  grows  near  Fort  Pitt.    It  thrives  in 
the  (hade,  in  a  rich  foil ;  grows  about  30 
feet  high,  and  fends  cflF  many  twining 
Vranflhcs.    The  roots  have  a  lively  aro- 1 


and  more 
fylvania  i 
•winj  cnti 
weftcf  n  ro 
mies,  prioi 
Lancafler, 
thence  Co 
Hirning  iJk 
channel  in 
iitate,  the  g 
of  Pcnnfyb 
bufy  in   ci 
road  is  cut 
fnuthward 
empties  iiirc 
"ah.    Anof 
dun  town,  01 
niatta,  W  3( 
gable  brand 
pike  road  li.- 
I'hiladelphis 
the  diftance  I 
and  another 
phia  and  Gi 
to  the  Tuipe 
kill,  a  canal 
dertakcn,  an< 
au  incorporai 
"  400,000  dc 
tJjc  Schuyllu, 
tiiii  fliall  bp  ei 
will  be  in  a  I 
open  to  Phili 
•he  Tioga,  an 
«i>e  Sufquehar 
*5.ooo,ooo  of 
•he  general  c{ 
»  about  S  £, 
of  Chefapeak 
See  Tioga  Rivi 
•hcprcfent  pi 
eonvcniently  i 
other  of  its  fia 
8'eatly  facilita 
"nds.    A  fligl, 
•yivania  will  b< 
Mated  for  inlan 
•lone  fo  much 
that  although  P 
•rediftant  froi 
wiles,  there  is  c 
«"  of  the  State 
'«tiice  the  Ian 
nuie  tenths.     Ii 
<«»tion  to  Pittf 
ment.may  be  uf 
'o'"tlic  whole 
fiy  thefe  routes 
proportion  of  tli 
••''«  "ffftern  wat 


X 


ft 


!»E  » 


Hnd  more  nunifrmu.   The  S  fide  of  Penn* 
(ylvaniA  ii  the  bed  fettled  throuj^hcut, 
•wing  entirely  to  the  cii cumft^iKe  of  the 
weQcrn  ro.id  hnving  been  run  by  the  ar> 
miei,  prior  to  i76}t  through  the  tnwiu  of 
Laneafler,   Carlitle    and    Bcdl'ord,    and 
thence  (o  Pittfburg.    For  the  purpofc  of 
turning  the  tide  uffcttleri  from  thii  old 
channel  into  the  unfcttlcd  pirtt  u*  the 
t»tatc,  the  government  and  landed  intcrtU 
of  Pcnnfylvania  have  been,  and  are  ftill, 
bufy  in   cutting  convenient   roadi.     A 
road  is  cut  from  tiie  mouth  of  the  Tioga, 
fnuthward  to  the  mouth  of  Loyal,  which 
emptiet  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquchan- 
nah.     Anoihcr  road  i«  cut  from  Hunting- 
don town,  on  Frank's  Town  branch  of  Ju- 
niatta,  \7  30  miles  to  Cuncniagli,  u  navi- 
gable branch  of  th?  Alleghany.     A  turn- 
pike road  ha*  l>ern  lately  completed  fiom 
Philadelphia  to  Lancaner.which  fhortcnk 
the  diftance  between  thcl'e  places  8  miles ; 
and  another  is  made  between  Philadel- 
phia and  Germantown.     From  Swetara 
to  the  Tulpchoken  branch  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill, a  canal  and  lock  navigation  is  un 
dertaken,  and  the  works  commenced,  by 
»u  incorporated  company,  whofs  capital 
ii  400,000  dollan.    Thik  leads  through 
the  Schuylkill  to  Philadelphia.     When 
this  (hall  tue  ciFcifted,  which  it  is  expedted 
will  be  in  a  few  years,  a  palfage  will  be 
open  to  Philadelphia  from  the  Juniatta, 
the  Tioga,  and  the  E  and  W  branches  of 
the  Sufquehannah,  which  water  at  lead 
15,000,000  of  acres.    From  this  juniflinn, 
the  general  courfe  of  the  Sufquehannah 
is  about  S  £,  until  it  falls  into  the  head 
of  Chefapeak  Bay  at  Havre  de  Grace. 
See  Tiaga  Rivtr.    On  the  completion  of 
the  prefent  plans,  the  Stale  will  be  as 
conveniently  incerfed^d  by  roads  as  any 
other  of  its  fize  in  the  Union,  which  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  fcttlemcnt  of  its  new 
lands.    A  flight  view  of  the  map  of  Pcnn- 
f7lvania  will  be(t  fliew  how  finely  it  is  lit- 
uatcd  for  inland  navigation.     Mature  has 
done  fo  much  for  inland  land  carriage, 
that  although  Philadelphia  and  Lake  Eric 
are  diAant  from  each  other  above  300 
miles,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  riv- 
ers of  the  State  may  be  fo  improved,  as  to 
reduce  the  land  carriage  between  them 
nine  tenths.     In   the  fame  way  the  nav- 
igation to  Pittlburg,  after  due  improvc- 
mcnt,may  be  nfcd  indeadof  land  carriage 
for  the  whole  diflancc  except  23  miles. 
BjT  thefc  routes  it  it  dear,  that  a  large 
proporti/on  of  the  foreign  articles  uftd  on 
•lit  Wffttro  wateis  muft  be  tranfpoi.'ied, 


FEN 

and  their  furs,  fkins,  ginfeng,  hemp,  f!ai, 
put  ad),  and  other  commodities  brought 
to  Philad^lphia.  Pcnnfylvania  hat  the 
various  kinds  of  ^raini  &c.  common 
to  the  neighbouring  States,  but  wheal 
is  the  principal  grain  of  very  gen- 
eral cultivation.  The  mnnufa^uret  of 
this  State  are  of  numerous  kindt.  Iron 
works  are  of  lonj;  ftand!ni%  and  their  pr<»- 
dudls  incrcafti  in  quantity,  and  improve 
in  quality.  The  furnaces,  ftvcr.il  years 
ago,  were  ift,  and  the  forges  37.  'I'lure 
were  18  rolling  and  Hitting  milln,  which 
cut  and  rolled  1500  tonsi  a  ytar.  Tin- 
forges,  if  properly  conducted,  inrinufac* 
ture  each  170  ton*  of  liar  iron  .1  year — 
total  6,290  tons.  Rf  fides  p'g*  cafl  at  ihc 
furn.'icefi,  there  .ire  pots,  kcttils,  pans, 
ovens,  litdles,  'oiigs,  Ihovels,  andir«!n.«, 
plough-irons,  fpndc,  hoc,  fliett-iron, 
hoops  ;  iron  ami  (tcil  work  for  pital'uic 
and  working carriu^^es;  nails,  bolts,  Ipikcs; 
various  iron-work  for  fliips,  mills  and 
buildings,  cannon  balls,  and  fome  miifk- 
ets  ;  fcyth'S,, Tickles,  axi.i>,driiwing-kiiivi>, 
fome  faws  and  pl.mes,  and  other  tool". 
The  other  extcniive  manufactures  are  nu- 
merous, vis.  thofe  of  leather,  flcins,  and 
fur,  wood,  paperf  gunpowder,  bricka, 
earthen  ware,  copptr,  had,  tin  ware, 
pewter,  cotton,  fngar,  molafli:?,  tobacco, 
&c.  &c.  There  arc  upwards  of  5Z  paper 
mills  in  the  State ;  and  their  annual  pror 
A\xA  iit  computed  at  25,000  dolls.  Since 
the  year  1770,  25  giinjwwdcr  mills  have 
been  crcdtcd.  There  are  about  300,000 
wool  and  fnr  h.tts  manufaclurfd  atmually 
in  the  State ;  nearly  one  half  of  wliicli  are 
of  fur.  In  the  inanufadlurc  of  iron,  p-'per, 
picafure  carriages,  and  cabinet  work, 
Pcnnfylvania  txiceds  not  jmly  New  York, 
but  all  her  fifter  States.  Much  cotton  is 
worked  up  in  families;  and  imported 
linen  is  now  printed,  in  an  incrcafinj;  de- 
gree. The  n\anufa>5lurc4  of  Pcimfylva- 
nia  have  greatly  incrt^fed  wiiliiii  a  few 
years,  as  well  by  mafler  wcrkm'n  Mid 
joutneymfn  fiom  abroad,  as  by  tlie  'kill 
and  indurtry  of  the  natives.  .Some  pcr- 
fone  havt  bctJiiii  toprcfs  oil  from  hickory 
nuts.  1  he  McfTrs.  VIarnii>.IIi  of  Phila- 
delphia, have  commenced  the  niMking  of 
Glauber  f^It,!fal  animoniac,  and  vol-itile 
falts;  they  alre.idv  Cupply  the  wljolc  U- 
nion  witii  the  lirft  article,  atHl  export  a 
part  of  the  others.  A  mill  of  Ruml'ny's 
(the  improvement  of  Barker's)  j»car  tlj.tt 
city,  grindsij^y-r'tcr,  flour,  chocpl/tc, 
Inuff,  liair-'powdvr,  and  .TmlV'l"^ ;  ,fl><^"' 
chocoLice  jjtitij  j»f^fsj^ai}^,fnt»  tob.icc<» 

•  "  ■  for 


|i' 


i' 


HI 


PEN 

for    'lipwing  and  frrloaking ;    and  boltl 
tiicr.i.     The  watcr-'n'orks  near  the  falls  of 
Trrnton,  which  (jrind  };rain,  roll  and  Hit 
iron,  and  pound  plailier  of  Paris,  exhibit 
greit   mcclianirm.     Card    maniifac^lorics 
arc  htely  fct   up.     The   hand  machiues 
for    cardini;    anrl    fpinniiig    cotton  have 
been  introduced  and  Improved.  Sir  Rich- 
ard Arkwrij^hi's  famous  water  riiill   for 
fpiiiniii^  cotiun  yarn  has  hren  obtained  ; 
alfo  the  niscliiniTy  to  flivcr,  tovc,  and 
fpia  flax  and  licnip   into  tlirtad,  ft  for 
linen  of  tliirty  cuts  tothf  pound  ;  which 
will  alio  ftrvc  fi  r  the  roving  and  fpinning 
eonibed  vool  into  worftcd  yarn.     Screws 
Jtor  paper  inMIs  are  now  cit  fi-om  folid 
caft  iron.     Lrnitcrns  for  light  houfts  arc 
'made  by  Mr.  Wheeler  of  Philadelphia; 
who  alfo  ciecut;'s  work,  for  fugar  mills 
in  the  Wtft  Indies:  during  the  war  he 
made  cannon  from  wrought  iron.     The 
commerce  of  Pennfylvania  with  the  eaft- 
crn  and  fouth<'-';;  States,  is  in  ^reat  part, 
an  exchangi.'  ci  flaple  commodities.  Wheat 
flour  and  bar  iron  are  expoired  to  New 
England  for  whale  oil  and  bone,  fperma- 
ccti,  feal  iTcins,  nwckerel,  cod  lilb   and 
falmon,  Rhode  lil.ind  and    Connedlicut 
cheefc- ;  to  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
for  live  oak,  cedar,  cotton,  rice,  and  indi- 
go; lo  North  Carolina  for  tar,  pitch,  tur- 
pentine, and  lumber.     Much  of  the  trade 
with  the  fouthern  States  arifcs  from  the 
fuperiority  of  Pennfylvania  in  manufact- 
ures and  commerce.    Great  q[uantities  of 
deer  ikins.  with  thofe  of  otters,  racoons, 
foxf-s,  mufk  rats,  and  beavers,  are  import- 
ed from  the  back  country.    Virginia  lends 
agitat  deal  of  wheat,  and   unmanufac- 
tured tobacco.     In   return,  fire  receives 
many    articles    of    clothing,     furniture, 
farming  utcnnis,  tquipa^^e;  Ibme  Eafl  In- 
dia and  European  goods ;  and  even  Weft 
India  produce  ;  of  all  thefe,  more  or  lefs, 
according  to  the  local  improvement  and 
fituation.     Hats,  faddlery,  fliocs,  windfor 
chairs,  Carriages,  bewn  ftones,  iron  cart- 
ings for  domeftic  ufe,  wheel  tire,  fpadcst 
hoes,  axes,  paper,  hooks,  tin  ware,  and 
bruflies,  conftitute  a  great  proportion  of 
the  exports  to  the  forfthWard.      Nume- 
rous droves  of  lean  cattle  come  from  the 
weftern  parts  of  thefe  States,  where  they 
have   a  wide  rang*?,  but  want  meadow. 
Virginia  fends  coal,fl)me  lead,  and  peach 
hrandy.    This   liquor  aKb  comes   from 
Maryland;    but  from  both  in  quantity 
Vciy'fmall,  contidering  it«  iraliie,  and  the 
facility  of  rttifiing  the  fruit,    Thecaftern 
flwre  of  Mav^lmd  fcada  lo  Philadelphia 


ptn 


^'  cbhnderabie  quantities  of  wheat,  rtnfl  ih- 
dim  corn  :  from  the  wellern   comes  the 
kite-foot  tobacco.     The  tradt  with  New 
York  depends  chiefly  ori  the  flud>uatiori 
of  the  market.     American  and  foreign 
goods,  of  th»  fame  kinds^  are  carried  be- 
tween the  two  capita^  cities,  as  tliert  pri- 
CCS  fall  and  rife.     Albany  peas  and  craw 
filb  are,  howeverj  articles  in  regular  de- 
mand  from  New   York;     Great   part  of 
Nd'.v  Jeriey  and  Delaware  State  have,  a< 
neighbours,  much  int<-rcourfc  with  Penn- 
fylvania.    The  firft  fupports  in  a  great 
meafurc  the  mai-ket  of  Philadelphia,  fur- 
niihes  rye  meal,  much  Indian  cofn  and 
lumber,  and  fomc  iron  bloomery  :  t'le 
other  fends  great  quantities  of  excclleni 
flour  from  the  mills  of  Brandywinc,  lum- 
ber fronvthe  diftricl  on  the  bay,  and  fu 
cattle  from  the  pafturcs   adjoining  Dela- 
ware.    Many  of  thefe,  and  of  thofe  fat- 
tened in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia,  arc 
brought  from  the  S ;  and  alfo  from   the 
banks  of  Hudfon  and  COrtntaiciit  Riv- 
ers, as  far  as  Vermoht  and  Maflacbufetts. 
The  Commerce  of  Pennfylvania,  in  the 
W,  is  by  the  Ohio  \vith  l-ouifian,<,«nd  by 
the  lakes  with   the   Britifh   dominions; 
and  both  ways  with  the   Indian  tribes. 
At  prefcnt  nearly  the  whole  fortigrt  toni- 
merce  h  carried  on  by  the  port  of  Phila- 
delphia.    Its  diftance  fro*i  the  fca,  and 
its  cloffng  by  ice  in  the  winter,  are  dif- 
advantages ;  but  the  firft  is  leflened  by 
improved  pilotage:  the  other  by  the  con- 
(Irudrion  Of  the  piers  below,  and  by  thi* 
occafional  thaws  which  permit  ■i'cficis  tC 
clear  their  way  during  the  winter.     Irt 
common  feafons  the  nsvigation  is  o'^ftruc'l- 
ed  fix  weeks ;  a  flvorter  pet  if  '  is  as  prob- 
able as  a  longer;  though  i     ft>me  hard 
winters,  loads  of  wood  have  palled  the' 
river,  near  the  city,  in  the  firft  days  of 
March.     The  amount   of  exports   from 
this  State,  m  i8or,was  1-2,677,475  doll?. 
The    inhabitants  are  principally  the  de- 
fcendants  of  Englifli,  Irifli  and  Oct  mans, 
with  fomc  Scotch,  Welch,  Swede.?,  and  i 
few  Diitck.     There  are  many  of  the  IrilTi 
and  Germans  who  emigrated  wiien  young 
or  middle  aged.     The  Friends  and  Fpifj 
copalians  are  chiefly  of  Englilh  extrac- 
tion, and  compofe  about  one  third  of  the 
inhahitantii.    They  live  chiefly  in  the  me- 
tropolis, and  in  the  counties  of  Chefter, 
Philadelphia,   Bucks    and   Montgomery. 
ThehifharemoftlyPrcfliyteriansbutloRir 
ate    Roman    Catholics ;    their    anceftors 
came  from  the  N  of  Ireland,  which  wai 
latterly  fettled  from  Scotland ;  hence  they 

hravs 


iiaVe  bee 

ito  denote 

habit  the 

iMid  are 

pofe  aboi 

of  Pennfj 

reus  in  tn 

the  count 

«rjr,  Bucl 

and  Nort 

laft,  and 

They  con! 

wioft  numc 

ed  Church 

Mennonifti 

who  are  a 

«rc  all  difti 

<nduflry,an 

,cept  theM 

who  ai  s  Gt 

of  emigrant 

meroui.    A 

the  national 

lonu,  religio 

«!'  thefe,  « 

«hara«5ler. 

*n  the  State, 

Prcibytcrian 

'German  JLuti 

Je",  S4f  Epi 

Komaa  Cathi 

»"»•  8,  Mod 

UniverfaKftg, 

^'"».  3  or  4, 

the  whole  am 

'"'y,  humam 

fe  numerou! 

'•  an  univcrllt 

'egei  at  Carlif 

*on.   The  Epi, 

St  Yorktown 

fo  academies  a 

^  Waflu'ngton 

«■  places;  the 

t'ons  from  tJjc 

contributions  t 

«ture  have  alf 

the  public  land 

United  Brethr 

academies  at  B( 

*'«  beft  eftablif 

»»p«  ia  Ameri( 

tne  metropolis, 

^ftcr,  the  Jarg 

St«e«,  Carliflef 

Je^'em,  Reading 

J^^'fliington,  &c 

Jy  the  celebrate 

"»e  famous  Adn 

»e  favourable  ta 
Voi.  I. 


1?  E  N 


P£  K 


«aVe  been  fom«tim«  called  Scotch  Irifli, 
ko  denote  their  double  dcfcent.  Tliey  in- 
habit  the  weftern  and  frontier  counties, 
Mid  are  uumerous.  The  Germans  cuin- 
pofe  about  one  qHartcr  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Pennfylvania.  They  are  moft  nume- 
rous in  the  N  parts  of  the  metropolis,  and 
the  counties  of  Philadelphia,  Montgom- 
ery, Bucks,  Oauphin,  liancafier,  York, 
and  Northampton ;  moftly  in  the  four 
laf^i  and  are  fpreadtng  in  other  parts. 
They  confift  of  Lutherans  (who  are  the 
moO  numerous  (eA)  Catviniftsor  Reform- 
ed Uhurch,  Moravians,  Romau  Catholics, 
Mennonifts,  Tunkers,  and  Zwingfeltere, 
who  are  a  fpecies  of  Qiiakcrs.  Thcfe 
«rc  all  diftinguiflied  for  their  temperance, 
«ndu(try,  and  economy.  The  Baptids,  ex- 
^cept  the  Mennonids  and  1'unker  Baptifts, 
who  ai ;  Germans,  are  chiefly  defceudcd 
of  emigrants  from  Wjiles,  and  arc  not  nu- 
Dierouii.  A  proportionate  aflcmblage  of 
the  national  prejudices,  tlie  maunerj,  cuf- 
toms,  religions  xrnd  political  fentiments  of 
■II  tbefe,  will  form  the  Pennfylvanian 
charadlef.  The  number  of  congregations 
in  the  State,  in  about  the  year  1790  was, 
Prefbyterians,  ib,  Ge- man  Ckltrinifts,  84, 
'Cierman  Lutherans,  84,  Friends  or  Qua- 
kers, 54,  Epifcopalians,  a6,  Baptiftn,  15, 
koman  Catholics,  I'l,  Scotch  Prefbyteri- 
ans, 8,  Moravians,  8,  Free  Quakers,  i, 
tJniverfalifts,  I,  Covenanters,  1,  Mctho- 
difts,  3  or  4,  and  a  Jcwilli  Synagogue ; 
the  whole  amounting  to  384.  The  lite- 
rary, humane,  and  othei  ufeful  foctctics, 
are  numerous  in  Pennfylvania.  There 
is  an  uaivcrCty  .it  Pbiladelphia,  and  col- 
leges at  Carlille,  Lancafier,  and  Wa/hing- 
(on.  The  Epifcopaliansbave  an  academy 
at  Yorktown  in  York  ca  There  are  al> 
fo academies  at  Germantowa.at  Pictlburg, 
at  Wafliington,  at  Allen's  Town,  and  oth- 
er places ;  thcfe  are  endowed  by  dona- 
tions f^om  the  legiHature,  and  by  liberal 
contributions  of  individuals.  Tne  Icgif- 
iature  have  alfo  referved  60,000  acres  of 
the  public  lands  for  public  fchools.  The 
tJnited  Brethren,  or  Moravians,  have 
Academies  at  Bethlehem  and  Nazareth  on 
the  bed  cIlabliAiment  of  any  fchools  per- 
liaps  in  America.  Bcfides  Fhihdelphia, 
the  metropolis,  (he  chief  towns  are,  Lan- 
caller,  the  larged  inland  town  qf  the  U. 
States,  Carlifle,  Pittfburg)  Sunbury,  Beth- 
lehem, Reading,  Yorktown,  Harrifhtirg, 
Wafliington,  &c.  Thin  Slate  was  fettled 
by  the  celebrated  William  Penn,  fon  of 
the  famous  Admiral  Penni  in  i68a.  By 
the  favourable  tarrav  whicii  Mr.  Penn  of- 
Voi.  1.  Huh 


fered  to  the  fettlcrs,  and  an  unlimited  tot' 
cration  of  all  religious  denominations,  the 
population  of  the  province  was  extremely 
rapid.  The  proprietaries,  after  the  rev- 
olution, accepted  of  ;^  130,000  from  the 
legiiiature,  in  lieu  of  all  quit  rents.  They, 
however,  ftill  poflefs  in  Pennfylvania  ma- 
ny large  traAs  of  excellent  land.  The 
prcfent  conditution  of  this  State  was  rat- 
ified June  I'ith,  1794.  A  convention, to 
amend  the  conflitutiou,  may  be  called 
where  a  majority  cf  the  people  fliall  lig- 
nify  tlieir  wl.li  for  it.  I'he  expenfc  of 
the  government  of  this  State  amounts  to 
£32,iSo  annually.  See  Pbiladilfihia,  for 
an  account  o*'  the  cltports  and  imports  of 
the  State,  &c. 

Feanytown,     See  Pennington. 

PiHci/cot,  a  hay  on  the  coaft  of  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  and  called  Nuromkga  by  the 
firft  difcoverer,  is  about  1 6  leagues  wide 
from  Naikeag  Point  and  Burnt  Coat  Tfl- 
and,  ou  the  ea(t  to  the  point  on  which 
ThomaAowa  dands,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
bay*  The  chief  iflands  it  entlofes  are 
Fox,  Haut,  Long  and  Deer  lilands ;  bc- 
fides a  number  of  fraall  ifles,  rocks  and 
ledges.  Through  .this  bay  to  the  tnouth 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  the  wellcrn  chan- 
nel goes  up  by  a  he^d  bnd  on  the  W  call- 
ed Owl'a  Head,  and  between  LoAg  Idanift 
on  the  W,  and  Cape  Roller  on  the  E  to 
Bagaducc  Point.  The  caftern  channel  is 
between  Hautlll.Mid  on  the  W,  and  Burnt 
Coat  iHand  on  the  E,aud  through  a  reach, 
called  Long  Reach,  formed  by  the  fliore* 
of  NalTceag,  or  Sedwick,  on  the  !E  or  N 
E,  and  Deer  Iftanas  on  the  W  or  S  W 
till  it  unites  with  the  other  channel,  be- 
tween Point  RoAcr  and  Long  Ifland.  Oli 
a  fine  peninfuU  on  the  H  fide  of  the  bay, 
the  Britilh  built  a  fort  &nd  made  a  fettle- 
ment  which  is  now  the  tlvire  town  of  the 
county  of  Hancock,  ?nd  is  a  commodious 
place  for  the  lumber  trade.  Haut  Idand, 
or  Ifle  of  Holt,  lies  in  hit.  44  33  N,  and 
long.  68  10  W,  and  is  the  fouthcrnmoft 
of  the  large  ifles. 

Penuhfctiy  the  noble  river  which  emp« 
ties  its  waters  into  the  above  defcribe4 
bay,  is  the  moll  conHderable  in  the  Dil'i 
tridl  of  Maine,  and  riles  by  two  branches 
in  the  high  l.mds.  Between  the  fourcc 
of  the  W  fork,  and  its  junclion  with  the 
E,  is  Moofehcad  Lake,  30  or  40  miJes 
long,  and  15  wide.  The  eaAern  brancJ* 
palies  through  fevcr.il  fmallcr  lakes. 
From  the  Forks,  as  they  are  called,  the 
Pcnobfcot  Indians  pals  to  Canada,  up 
either  branch,  priucipally  the  W,  tbc 


I'  ■■   «^^' 


PEN 


PEN 


iburce  of  which,  they  taj,  i»  not  more 
than  ao  miles  from  the  waters  which 
empty  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  At  the 
Forks  is  a  remarkable  high  mountain. 
From  thence  down  to  Indian  Old  Town, 
fituated  on  an  ifl^nd  in  this  rjvcr,  is  ahnut 
63  miles,  40  of  which  the  water  flows  in 
a  flill  fmooth  ftrcam,  and  in  the  whole 
diftance  there  are  no  falls  to  interrupt 
the  paflage  of  boats.  In  thi*  diftanre  tht 
river  wideno  and  embraces  a  great  num- 
ber of  1  Hands.  About  60  rods  below  In- 
dian OW  Town  are  the  Great  Falls, 
where  is  a  carry ifig-plac^  of  about  ao 
ruds ;  thence  12  niiles  to  t'l'-r  head  of  the 
tide  there  are  no  ^^Hs  to  ol)ftru<5t  boats. 
Veflels  of  30  tons  cc-ine  within  a  rr.ile  of 
the  head  c»f  the  tide.  Thence  35  miles 
to  the  head  of  the  bay,  to  the  fcitc  of 
Old  Fort  Powqal,  the  river  flows  in  a 
pretty  ftraight  courfti  and  is  eafiiy  navi- 
gated. Palling  by  MiiabagaJufe  on  the 
E  7  miles,  and  OwlVHead  ao  miles  fur- 
ther, on  the  W,  you  cuter  the  ocean.  It 
is  high  water  hrre,  at  full  and  change, 
45  minutes  pad:  10.  At  the  entrance  of 
the  river  is  to  fathoms  water.  The  In- 
dians .  have  a  communication  from  this 
river  to  Scoodick  River  by  a  portage  of 
3  miles.  This  river  was  the  weftcrn  lini-  ! 
it  of  Nova-Scotia  or  Acadia,  by  the  trea-  j 
ty  of  Utrecht.  There  arc,  within  about  > 
so  miles,  more  than  60  iflands  great  and  [ 
fmall,  making  in  the  whole  about  la.ooo  \ 
acres  (fee  Marfli's  Idand.)  Fifty-four  of 
thefe  the  Indians  have  rcfetved  to  their  , 
own  ufe. 

Pinohfcot,*  a  poll  town  of  Maine,  on  , 
the  £  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name  in  lat. 
'44  24  N,  3  miles  N  by  W  of  Blue-Hill, 
141  N  W  of  Portland,  and  262  N  by  E 
of  Bodon.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  car- 
ries on  a  fmall  trade  in  fifli  ajid  lumber. 
The  exports  in  1794,  ending  Sept.  30, 
amounted  to 5,825  dollars.  In  Teb.  1796,  ' 
it  was  divided  irto  two  towns  ;•  the  one 
retaining  the  name  Penobfcot,  having 
5)35  ishabitants,  tiie  other  named  Caf- 
tine,  which  ice.  \ 

Ptnolfcott,  a  fmall  tribe  of  Indians  who 
live  in  Indian  Old  I'own,  on  h.n  ifiaiid  in  . 
Penobfcot  Rivtr.  Tliey  avc^  that  they  ' 
have  poflefled  the  iil.md,  on  which  their  ■ 
town  fl.inds,  500  veais.  It  (lands  juft  ' 
above  tli<c  Grt;!t  Fails,  and  conlifts  of  j 
r^ibout  joo  acres  of  land,  .Sec  Indian  Old  I 
fZcw/i      I'l  A  former  war,  this  tribe  lof> 

*  7bis  r^f/iti/jirin  eff/liei  to  tlit  Utun  at  it 
Jfatd  lt/»fi  in  iinj/ita,  in  1796.  1 


their  lands ;  but  at  the  commencement  0? 
the  laft  (var,  the  Provincial  Congrefs  for- 
bade  any  pcrfon  fettling  on  the  lands 
from  the  head  of  the  tide  en  Penobfcot 
River,  included  in  lines  drawn  fix  milet 
from  the  river  on  each  fide  ;  that  is,  a 
tradl  la  miles  wide,  intcrfe<Sled  by  the 
middle  of  the  riTcr.  They,  however, 
confider  that  they  have  a  right  to  hunt 
and  fifli  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Bay 
of  Penobfrof  extends.  This  was  their 
original  ri;i^it,  in  oppofition  to  any  other 
tribe,  and  they  now  enjoy  it. 

Penfaecla  Harbour  and  Town.    The  Har- 
bour is  on   the   N  ihore  of  the   Gulf  of 
Mexico,  II  leagBcs  E  of  Port  Lc*ris,  and 
Mobile,  and  158  W  of  the  illands  of  Tor- 
tuga.     It  is  a  beautiful   body  of  water, 
fpariouo,  and  fafe  from  all  winds,  and  ha» 
4  fathoms  water  at  its  cntraiice,  deepeu- 
ing  gradually  to  7  or  8.     The  bar  lies  ii« 
lat.  30  Tj*  N,  and  long.  87    14  W,  and 
admits  of  veflels  drawinjj  no  more  thsn 
11  feet  water.     The  town  of  Penfacola 
the  capital  of  W.  Florida,  lying  along  the 
l>each  of  the  bay,  is  of  an  obTong  form, 
healthy  and  delightfully  fituated,  and  is 
about  a  mile  in  length,  and  a  quarter  of?. 
mile  in  breadth.   While  in'poflcifrion  of  the 
BritiHi  it  contained  feveral  hundred  hab- 
itations ;  and  many  of  the  public  buildings 
and  houfes  were  fpacious  and  elegant,    The 
governor's  palace  is  a  large  ftone  build- 
ing, ornamented  with  a  tower,  built  by 
the  Spauiards.     Since  this  place  has  been 
in  pofleAion  of  the  Spaniards  it  has  been 
on  the  decline.    The  exports  from  this 
town,  confiding  of  flcins,  logwood,  dying- 
ftuffand  filver  dollars,  amounted,  while 
in  the  iwfleflion  of  the  Britifli,  to £63,000 
annually.    The  average  value  of  imports, 
for  three  years,  from  Great-Britain,  wa» 
;£97,ooo.     The  town  and  fort  of  Pcnfa- 
cola  furrendercd  to  the  arms  of  Spain,  m 
the  year  1781,  and  with  them  the  who!« 
province.     The  old  fortifications  ftoodou 
fomc  fand  hills  back  rr  :he  city,  too  di(- 
tant  to  yield  any  fubfhintiaJ  protedlion. 
The  entrance  into  the   bay   is  defended 
by  a  fmall  fort  on  the  W  end  of  Rolc'i 
IlLind,  and  a  battery  on  the  main  land 
nearly  oppofite.     This  harbour,  and  oth- 
ers on  this  coaO,  are  infefted  with  worms, 
in  fuch    degree  as  to  ruin  vcfieU  in  two 
months,  if  care  be  not  taken  to  prevent  it. 
[Hyttbins  &  Ellitui:.]     Efcambia  or  Coe- 

nccul'. 

•  Lat.  30  i?,   X,  Urg.  87    17    IV  ^nm 
Critniuii.1),  £ilicolt> 


;ticcuh  River  U  the  larg^d  ftream  wliich 
falls  into  Penfacola  Say.  It  admits  fUal- 
Jops  fome  miles  up,  and  buats  upwards 
.of  50  miles.      See   Caenecub,  appendix. 

Pentceojl,  an  illand  in  the  Arelipc/ago  of 
tie  Great  Cyclddet,  which  fee.  It  waa  dii- 
covcred  by  Bouganville,  May  az,  1768, 
and  named  from  the  day,  being  the  day 
of  Pentccoft,  It  is  two  leagues  diftant 
£rom  Aurora  Ifland,  which  is  in  15  8  S 
lat.  and  165  58  £  lung,  from  Paris. 

Penyco,  a  province  of  Mexico;  fcparat- 
cd  from  that  of  Angeles,  or  Tlafcala,  on 
the  N  by  Tufpa  River. 

Pipchidiacbub,  a  point  or  head  land  on 
tbe  S  fliore  of  the  Great  Bay  of  Chaleuts. 
near  the  N  JE  extremity  of  the  provinct 
of  New-Brunfwick. 

Ptpin,  a  lake,  or  rather  a  dilatation  of 
the  river  Miflifippi,  where  it  receives  the 
river  Chippcway  from  the  N  E  in  lat,  44 
_f  N,  and  long  93  42  W,  below  the  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony. 

Pf^relly  a  townflilp  of  Maflachufctts, 
^n  ilt«  fc  branch  of  Nafliaway  River,  and 
•M  the  JM  line  of  Middlefex  co.  It  joins 
Grpton  on  the  8  E,  and  is  40  miles  N  by 
W  of  Bofton.  U  was  incorporated  in 
I753>^i*d  cuntain*  1^98  inhabitants. 

Ptpptreil'orough,  a  townfliip  in  York  CO. 
Maine,  on  the  N  £  fidt  ot  Saco  River, 
near  the  mouth,  and  which  fepsratcs  it 
from  Biddeford  to  the  S.  A  bank  by  the 
name  «>f  S4C0  Bank  vkm*  eftabliflied  lierc 
in  J 803.  !t  m  ab-iut  n  miles  S  W  of 
Pcrtlat>d,  4«id  loy  N  of  Bofton.  It  h  .ij 
incorporated  in  177a,  and  contains  it.-i 
inhabitants 

Pfpifig'ji/itbt^  now  called  Netv-Catiyit, 
is  about  _i  leagues  from  Pafpibiac,  un  the 
north  fide  of  Chalcur  Bay. 

Pefftguiacb  Paint,  on  the  northern  fv't 
of  Chalcur  Bay,  no»v  called  Pufpdiiac  Poiui, 
is  about  3  leagues  W  N  W  of  £aft  Nou- 
vitle.  it  is  a  barren  plain  that  is  nearly 
a  league  in  length.  A  very  «xtcn(ive 
jifliery  is  carried  on  here,  for  I'uch  a  fmaU 
place. 

Pipyi  lllandi,  the  fame  with  Falkland 
iflands,  lie  in  lat.  47  S,  8  leagues  E  of 
Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coafl  cf  Patag(mia. 
\x.  is  commodious  for  taking  in  wood  and 
water,  and  provided  with  9  harbour  ca» 
pable  of  holding  looo  fail  of  fliips  ; 
abounding  with  fowls  aod  great  plenty 
of  fllll. 

Ptquanaci,  a  townfliip  of  Morris  co.  N, 
Jerfcy  ;  feparated  from  Bergen  co.  N  by 
jPejunnock  River. 

Pt^amiHi  Punt  a^d  Rl^tr.    The  river 


PER 

is  a  fmall  ftream  which  runs  S  through 
the  towns  of  Huntington  and  Stratford  in 
Fairfield  co.  Connetfticut,  and  empties  in. 
to  a  bay  in  the  Sound  where  vcfi'cis  ni.^y 
anchor.  The  point  forms  the  weflcrn 
extremity  of  the  bay,  near  which  arc  Ibme 
rocks  ;  from  tlicnct  the  outer  bar  ex- 
tends N  by  N  E.  The  point  is  j  miles 
S  W  of  Stratford  River. 

PiqueJ'igeha<igum,ox  Be,ir  L'lh,  the  foure* 
of  A  river  of  the  fame  n.Tnic  which  i j  the 
norlh-ealkrly  branch  «)f  ivlaggakadawa. 
River.  The  lake  is  of  an  irrcgjilar  form, 
about  3  miles  long  and  %  wide. 

P^ramus,  or  Pframct,  in  Bergen  co.  N, 
Jerlty,  lies  on  thc.point  of  lanel  formed  by 
the  branches  of  Saddle  River,  a  N  branch 
of  PafTaik  ;  about  18  milts  N  of  Bergen, 
10  W  of  Tappan,  and  ai  N  W  by  N 
of  N.  York. 

Pcrcfe,  VJfi,  a  fr.i;  b.  but  remarkable 
illand  on  tbe  W  lidc  ^f  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawtence,  being  a  perpendicular  rock, 
pierced  with  two  natural  arches,  through 
wliich  the  fea  flov»s.  One  of  thefc  arch- 
es 13  fufliciently  high  to  admit  a  large 
boat  to  pafs  freely  through  it.  It  is  15 
miles  fouth  of  Cape  Gafpte.  k  is  aflert- 
ed  that  it  was  formerly  iyincd  to  Mount 
Job,  which  lies  oppofite  to  it  on  the  con- 
tinent, 

PerelpttPiy,  a  village  in  Morris  co.  N. 
ferfey,  on  a  branch  of  .PafTaik  River,  anj. 
',  i)  •'.z%  N  of  Morriflown. 

/  v'v,  an  extenfive  townfiilp  in  Graf- 
toi.  v.;  N.  Hampfliirc,  watered  by  tl)e 
fevtr.v'  brunches  of  Upper  AmonouJl'uck 
Ri'.  r,  vnmued  Why  Nortimniberland, 
<  u  Conncclicut  River.  It  was  incorpo- 
Vii.cd  ill  I'TA.  aneJ  contaios  148  iuhab- 
iiints. 

Pira'i {o',it\.-tT  an''  oay  on  thecoaflof 
Weft-Horida.  The  inoutli  of  the  river 
is  aoout  10  leagues  r.ward  of  Mobile 
Point,  and  4  wcft-,i-anl  uf  the  bar  of  Pen- 
facola.  The  ei;  raruc  is  narrow,  with  « 
bar  of  fix  feet,  ta;  '.erwarels  it  widens 
coniiderably.  'I  i..*  was  formerly  the 
boundary  between  Florida  and  Louifu* 
na,  dividing  ti.e  1  rench  and  SpHnifli  do- 
minions, and  i.^  ni  v  coniidered  as  the 
caflern  boundary  of  Louiliaua,  as  late<- 
ly  ctdtd  to  thr  IJ-jitcd  States.  The 
river  Orttches  in  nii  place  N  E,  where  ic 
goes  within  a  mile  oi'tht  great  lagoon  \V 
of  the  entrance  of  Penfacula  harbour. 

Hutcbint, 

Peril  IJlaml  or  Conf.ant'vn  Peres,  on  the 
coaft  of  Chili,  S.  Amerit„.  It  is  oppofite 
to  Port  Coral.    Ou  tluii  illand  it  a  fort 

calkil 


in 


Pin 


■I'/f 


I 


I 


I! 


PER 

t*.ied  Maaferg,  and  en  the  back  of  the 
ifland  there  is  an  entrance  fpr  boats  into 
the  harbour  of  Baldivia. 

Pirica,  three  iHands  in  the  bay  of  Pa- 
irama,  S.  America,  which  give  fliclter  to 
fliips  out  of  the  command  of  the  town  of 
fanama. 

Feiltat  IJIantti^  on  the  Spanifli  Main, 
coaft  of  S.  America,  3  leagues  W  of  Cu- 
mana  Bay. 

Piriins,  Port,  Hc3  on  the  S  \V  of  Wafli- 
jngton's  Ide,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America.     See  M'^gces  Sound. 

PerUnfcniiitlr  in  Amelia  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  port  oflice  19*  milss  from 
Wafliington. 

Perlican,  Old,  an  indlfFtrent  fhip  toad 
■with  rocky  grcund  on  the  E  coaft  01  New- 
foundland Iliand,  Z  leagues  S  W  by  S  of 
Sreak  Heart  Point.  Khcrwick  is  the 
Dame  of  its  N  point. 

Perlican,  New,  a  noted  harbour  on  the 
E  coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,8  leagues 
W  S  W  of  Old  Perlican,  and  5  leagues 
from  Random  Head.  It  has  a  wide  and 
fafe  entrance,  and  fliips  may  ride  in  it 
landlocked  from  all  winds  in  from  10  to 
5  fathoms  water, 

Pernambtiee,  a  captainship  in  the  N  di- 
Tifion  of  Brazil.     Chief  town  Olinda. 

Pernamhuco,  or  Phftnamiucrt,  ollierwife 
called  Panambnco,  a  place  of  contiderable 
trade  on  the  F.  coaft  of  Brazil,  having  a 
bay  or  harbour  of  the  fame  name,  be- 
tween Paraib-''  on  the  N,  and  Cape  St, 
Auguftine  o«  tiic  S,  in  lat,  8  S,  and  long. 
3J  W,  Provifions  and  other  articles  ate 
brought  hitlier  from  Para,  and  from 
hence  great  quantities  of  tobacco  arc 
fent  to  Etfropc, 

Ptrnambuco,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
ail,  S.  America,  S  of  Tamcrica  Ifland,  It 
is  blocked  up  with  fand  ;  and  fhips  enter 
it  from  the  N,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Receif  harbour,  3  leagues  from  it.  S  lat. 
%  30,  W  leng,  35  7. 

Ptrpttua,  Cirf',  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America.  N  lat.  44  6,  W  long.  134 
S.    Variation  of  the  cojnpafs  in  the  year 

1779. »7  50  E. 

PerquimtHs,  a  co.  of  Edenton  diftriA, 
N.  Carolina,  bonndcd  W  by  Chowan  co. 
and  E  by  Pafquot.mk,  from  which  laft  it 
is  feparated  by  the  river  Palquotank,  a 
water  of  Albtnurlc  Sound.  It  contains 
5,609  inhabitants,  of  whwm  1,980  are 
fiaves, 

Ptrfon,  a  CO,  in  Hillftxirough  diftrid, 
N.  Carolina,  The  court  houfe,  where  a 
po(l  ofBce  is  kept,  is  a6  miles  N  of  Hillf- 


PER 

borough,  and  34  H  of  Cafwell  New  Cottrt- 
Houfe,  It  contains  6,40  inhabitants]^ 
zfiii  ate  flavcs. 

Pertb-Amioy,  a  city  of  N,  Jerfey,  pleaf.| 
antly  fituated  in  Middlefez  co.  nt  the 
head  of  Rariton  Bay,  an4  ftands  on  a 
neck  of  land  included  between  Rariton 
River  and  Arthur  Kull  Sound.  Its  fcite- 
is  high  and  healthy.  It  lies  open  to  San- 
dy-Hook, and  has  one  of  the  bcft  har- 
bours on  the  continent,  VcfTcls  from  fea 
may  enter  it  in  one  tide,  in  almoft  any 
weather.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town  ;  but  although  it  is  admirably  fitti- 
atcd  for  trade,  and  the  Icgiflature  has 
given  every  encourageniem  to  induce 
merchants  to  fettle  here,  it  is  far  from 
being  in  a  flourilhing  ftate.  It  contains 
about  (,o  houfcs,  and  carries  on  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies,  Its  exports  for 
a  year,  ending  30th  Sept.  1794,  were  to 
the  vahie  of  58,159  dollars.  It  is  ^g 
nsilcs  S  W  of  N.  York,  and  74  N  E  of 
Philadelphia,  N  lat,  40  $$»  W  long.  74 
SO. 

Pint,  a  port  town  of  N.  York,  in  Clin- 
ton CO.  OH  the  W  iide  af  Lake  Cliamplain, 
It  was  taken  from  the  towns  of  Piattf' 
buT<.;  and  Willfburg,  and  incorporated  in 
1792,  It  is  an  excellent  tradl  of  land., 
and  fettling  faft.  It  has  1,347  inhabit-, 
ants, 

Peru,  a  diftricl  of  S,  America,  about 
1800  miles  in  length,  and  about  500  in 
breadth ,  bounded  \V  by  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean  ;  E  by  the  Cordillera  dc  los  An- 
des, or  Mountains  of  Andes,  which  fep- 
arate  it  from  the  country  of  Amaxoni;* 
and  Paraguay  ;  N  by  Terra  Pirma,  from 
which  it  i«  divided  by  the  equator  ;  au4 
the  25th  degree  of  S  latitude  feparatcs  it 
f.'om  Chili  and  La  Plata  on  the  S,  It 
lies  between  60  and  8r  W  long,  and  i* 
fubdivided  into  the  prowoce»  of  Quito, 
Lima,  and  Los  Charcos,  The  chief  towns 
are  Quito,  PaytH,  Lima  Gufco,  Potofi 
and  Porco.  From  the  t^'iation  of  this 
country,  which  is  within  the  torrid  zone, 
it  is  natural  to  siippofc  that  it  would  be 
almoft  uninhabitable  ;  but  the  Andes 
Mountains  being  on  the  one  fide,  and  the 
9.  Sea  on  the  other,  it  is  not  io  hot  as 
tropical  countries  in  general  art  ;  and  in 
fome  parts  it  is  difagreeably  cold.  In 
one  part  are  mo'jntains  of  a  ftupcndous 
height  and  magnitude,  having  their  fum- 
mils  covered  with  fnow  ;  on  the  other, 
more  than  16  volcanoes  flaming  vithin, 
while  their  I'ummits,  chafms  and  aper- 
tures arc  involved  in  ice.     Tkc  plain* 

ari 


ftn  temp 

dot;  and 

tion  of  the 

lioih  we  fn 

pT  tcmperai 

of  heat  and 

in  fome  pla 

fe£t  is  fupp 

■ight,  and  i 

table  creati( 

prodigious 

ttorms  of  th 

inland  parts 

the  rivers,  tl 

but  along  t 

fand,     Vaft 

ported  by  tli 

they  took  p 

thcle  are  no^ 

wild  and  ar 

country  pro< 

climate  and 

The  culture  « 

cotton,  which 

has  not  been  r 

barley,  caflav; 

plive  and  vin< 

has  thriven  i 

have  degenera 

come  extremel 

parts  of  Peru  i 

thofeoffilvers 

try,  particular 

Potofi.    Natur 

ity  of  niankint 

flobe,  fuch  rie 
'befc  famous 
difcovered  in  t 
Ber:  An  India 
following  fome 
h  up  the  hill  ( 
«"ggy  part  of 
enable  him  to 
flirub,  which  c 
laid  open  a  ma 
fome  time  kept 
revealed  it  to  I 
^aufe  he  wou 
method  of  refi; 
Spaniard  his  m 
with  the  difcov? 
th?  mine  in  154 
«•"  1638  thefe  n 
*<*  3951619,000  ] 
about  4,»55,ooo 
about  20  or  25  ! 
La  Plata.     TJie  1 
for  a  conflderabh 
^"ren  and  delar 
*fte,  jjlapt  nor  ht 


^  E  R. 


PER 


$vc  temp*  .c  beaches  and  Tallies  | 

bot ;  and  ,  according  to  the  difpofi-  ' 

tion  of  the  .uuntry,  its  high  or  Inw  fitua-  , 
tioi*,  we  f  nd  all  the  variety  of  gradations 
pf  temperature  between  the  two  extremes 
of  heat  and  cold.     It  is  remarkable,  tliat  \ 
in  fome  places  it  never  rains,  which  de-  i 
feA  is  fupplied  by  a  dew  that  falls  every  j 
night,  and  fufficiently  rcfreflies  the  vegc-  ; 
table  creation  ;  but  in  Quito  they  have  [ 
prodigious  rains,  attended    by  d.-<.<jdfiil  | 
ftorms  of  thunder  and  lii^htning.    In  the  i 
inland  parts  of  Peru,  and  by  the  banks  of  i 
the  rivers,  the  foi!  is  ufualiy  very  fertile;  ' 
but  along  the  fca-coaft,  it  is  a  barr-n  I 
fand.    Vaft  numbers  of  cattle  were  im-  j 
ported  by  the  Spaniards  into  Peru,  when  I 
they  took  poireffion   of  that   country  ; 
thcie  are  now  fo  increafed,  that  they  run  j 
wild  and  arc  hunted  like  game.    This  j 
country  produces  fruits  peculiar  to  the  i 
climate  and  moll  of  tiiofe  in  £>irope.  i 
The  culture  of  maize,  of  pimento  and  of  j 
cotton,  which  was  found  ellabliflied  there, ; 
has  not  been  negle<fted;  and  that  of  wheat,  ; 
barley,  cafl'ava,  potatoes,  lugar,  and  of  the  | 
olive  and  vine  is  attended  to.    The  goat  { 
has  thriven  very  well ;  but  the  fliecp  | 
have  degenerated,  and  their  wool  is  be- ; 
come  extremely  coarfe.    In  the  northern 
parts  of  Peru  are  feveral  gold  mints ;  bv  t 
thofe  of  filver  are  found  ail  over  the  coun-  i 
try,  particularly  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Potofi.    Nature  never  offered  to  tiie  avid- 
ity of  mankind,  in  any  country  on  the 
?lobe,  fuch  rich  mines  as  thofe  of  Potofi.  | 
"befc  famous  mines  were  accidentally  j 
difcovcred  in  the  year  1545,  in  this  man-  | 
ner :  An  Indian,  named  Hualpa,  one  day  i 
jfollowing  fome  deer,  which  made  dire<fl-  | 
iy  up  the  hill  of  Potoli,  came  to  a  ftecp  I 
craggy  part  of  the  hill,  and  the  better  to 
enable  him  to  climb  up,  laid  hold  of  a 
flirub,  which  came  up  by  the  roots,  and 
hid  open  a  mafs  of  lilver  ore.     He  for 
iibme  time  kept  it  a  fecret,  but  afterwards 
revealed  it  to  his  friend  Guanca,  who, 
^caufe  he  would  not  difcovcr  to  him  the  I 
method  of  refining   it,  acquainted   the 
Spaniard  his  maft^r,    named    Valaroel,  I 
with  the  difcovcry.     Valaroel  regifiered  j 
ths  mine  in  1545  ;  and  from  that  time  ( 
till  1638  thefe  mines  of  Potofi  had  yield-  i 
*d  395,619,000  pieces  of  eight,  which  is  , 
about  4j»j5,ooo  pieces  a  year.     Potofi  is 
about  20  or  25  league?  tro.\  the  city  of  i 
La  Plata.    I'he  hill,  and  <ii'o  rhe  country  , 
for  a  €Onfiderable  diftanre  ; mnd,  is  quite  ; 
barren  and  del'art,  and  produce?  neither 
Kee,  y;la|it  nor  herb,  fu  that  the  ishabit-  ! 


ants  of  Potofi,  which  is  fituated  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill,  on  the  S  fide,  arc  obliged 
to  procure  all  the  neceflarics  of  life  from 
Peru.  Thefe  mines  begin  to  decreafc, 
and  others  rife  in  reputation.  It  is  impof- 
fible  to  afcertain  with  any  degree  of  prc- 
cifion  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  Peru. 
The  city  of  Lima  is  faid  to  contain  54,000 ; 
Guagaquill,  40,000;  Potofi,  25,000  ;  La 
Pas,  ao.oco,  and  Cufco,  36,000.  Among 
all  the  inhabitants  of  Peru,  pride  and  !»• 
zinefs  are  faid  to  be  the  moft  predo'ni- 
nant  pillions.  Avarice  may  like  wife  b« 
attributed  to  fome  of  them  with  a  great 
deal  of  propriety.  There  is  very  little 
commei  ^e  in  this  fine  countrv,  except  iii 
the  cities  and  large  towns,  which  are  dc- 
fcribed  under  their  refpeiltive  names. 
The  chief  manufaiflures  are  carried  on 
by  the  Indians  ;  thefe  oonfifl  chietly  of 
leather,  woollen  and  cotton  fluffs,  and 
earthen  ware ;  in  the  fabrication  of 
which,  they  arc  faid  to  be  peculiarly  in- 
genious. The  Indians  and  negrcies  aie 
forbidden,  nnder  the  fcvereft  penahic"*,  to 
intermarry  ;  for  divifiun  between  thrfe 
two  clafles,  is  the,  great  inftrument,  in 
which  the  Spaniards  truft  for  the  prefer- 
vation  of  the  colonies.  Peru  is  govern- 
ed by  a  viceroy,  who  is  abfolutc  ;  but  it 
being  impoflible  for  him  to  fuperintend 
the  whole  extent  of  his  government,  he 
delegates  a  part  of  his  authority  to  the 
feveral  audiences  and  courts,  cftabliflicd 
at  different  places  throughout  his  territo- 
ries. At  Lima  there  is  a  treafury  f  ourt 
for  receiving  a  fifth  of  the  mine?,  and  cer- 
tain taxes  paid  by  the  Indians,  \/hich  bi:- 
long  to  the  king  of  bpain.  There  arc 
certain  waters  in  this  country,  which  in 
their  courfe  turn  into  ftonc ;  and  foun- 
tains of  liquid  matter,  called  cnppry,  r.^- 
fcmbling  pitch  and  tar,  and  ulcd  by  Icj- 
mcn  for  the  fame  pnrpofe.  On  the  coslln 
of  Guagaqnill  and  Guatimala  are  found 
a  certain  fpecies  of  fnaiis,  which  yi(  Id 
the  purpie  dye  fo  ccli'nrated  by  the  an- 
cients, and  which  the  moderns  have  fiii>- 
pofcd  to  have  been  loff.  The  Ihcll  th,4t 
contains  them  ii  fixed  to  rucks,  watered 
by  the  fca.  It  is  of  the  fize  of  a  larj^r. 
nut.  Various  methods  are  ufcd  to  (\- 
tradl  tUe  purple  matter  from  the  animul. 
I  There  is  no  colour  that  can  be  compan-nl 
j  to  thi:-,  either  in  luflrc  or  permanrnii-. 
Here  is  .Kb  found  a  new  fulittancc  calltU 
the  PUtina,  and  which  may  be  coolidtr- 
ed  as  an  figtii  metal.  In  its  native  (i-tsc 
it  is  mixed  with  gold  and  iron,  and  tliis 
at  Jiifl  giyc  rlfir  ic  a  j'af^iition  t\\M  it  w^g 

sucliiijg 


■5  , 


4     f 


■     K 


.'ia# 


M: 


I 


ir, 


11 


'% 


m 


PET 

nothing  more  than  a  combination  of  there 
two  metals ;  but  late  experiments  of  ehym- 
i(h  fully  prove,  that  it  is  a  pure  and  Sim- 
ple metal,  with  properties  peculiar  to  it- 
feir.  It  cannot  be  afFedcd  by  any  fim- 
plc  acid,  or  by  any  known  foivcnt,  ex- 
ccpt  the  aqua  regia  ;  it  will  not  tarnifli 
in  the  air,  neither  will  it  rufl ;  it  unites 
to  the  fixednefs  of  gold,  and  to  the  prop- 
erty it  has  of  not  being  fufceptible  of  de- 
nru<ftion,  a  hardnefs  almod  equal  to  that 
of  iron,  and  a  much  greater  diffitulty  of 
fuiion.  It  is  of  an  intermediate  colour, 
between  that  of  iron  and  filvcr ;  it  can 
he  forged  and  extended  into  thin  plates ; 
and  when  dilTolved  in  aqua  regia,  it  mny 
be  made  to  afi'timc,  by  prtcipitatio:*  an 
infinite  divcrfity  of  colours  ;  and  Cuuut 
^ilby  has  fuccceded  in  varying  thcfe 
precipitates  fo  much,  that  he  has  a  pic- 
ture painted,  in  the  colouring  of  which 
there  is  fcarce  any  thing  but  platina 
made  ufe  of,  L'pon  the  whole,  from  ron- 
fidering  the  adv:  itagesof  the  plat'm.i,we 
cannot  but  conclude  that  thi^  metal  de- 
ferves,  at  leaf!,  from  its  fupcriority  to  all 
others,  to  fhate  the  title  of  king  of  met- 
als, of  which  gold  has  To  long  been  in  pof- 
feflion.  The  Peruvian  bark,  fo  famous 
at  prefent  for  curing  intermittent  fevers, 
is  likewife  found  here.  The  tree  from 
which  it  is  taken  grows  upon  the  Hope 
of  mountains,  and  is  about  the  iise  of  a 
common  «herry-tree.  '  It  is  diflinguiflied 
into  three  kinds  ;  the  red,  yellow,  and 
the  white ;  but  tlie  red  is  found  to  be 
the  beft  and  moft  efficacious.  The  Jefu- 
its  carried  this  bark  to  Rome  as  early  as 
1639;  but  the  natives  are  fuppofed  to 
have  been  acquainted  w*th  its  medicinal 
qualities  many  ages  before. 

Peruvlani,  the  aboriginal  inhabitar.tsof 
Peru,  in  S,  America,  who  were  the  moft 
civ'Iizcd  of  any  Indians  on  the  continent. 

}  ■•fumji>it,  a  river  of  Cumberland  co. 
J*y1yme,  al'out  ao  miles  in  0  winding  courfe 
it  carries  offthe  furplus  water  of  Sthacook 
I*<>n  J  into  the  fca  in  Portland  bay. 

Petagucl,  a  territory  of  S.  America,  in 
Brazil,  bounded  N  by  Dele ;  E  by  the  S. 
Atlai-iic  Oeean  ;  S  by  the  captainHiip  of 
Rio  Grande ;  and  W  by  Tupuy.  It  con- 
tains mines  of  filver. 

Pitafa^  pnc  of  tlic  pleafanteft  towns  of 
Guatimala,  in  New  Spain,  fituuted  at  t!ic 
weftcrn  extremity  of  the  valley  of  Mexi- 
co, 25  miles  S  E  of  Guatimala.  There  is 
a  rich  fugar  plantation  in  its  viciuity. 

P*tatventaias,an  Indian  nation  former- 
]y  in  alliance  with  the  Horons. 


PET 

Piter's  Saui,  St.  a  large  fiiliing  greund 
off  the  S  end  of  Newfoundland  llland, 
and  extends  from  Cape  Ra«r  to  St.  Peter's 
Ifland,  oppoCte  Placentia,  St.  Mary  and 
TrcpaiTy  Bays.  It  is  lat.  i^  in  breadtii 
on  the  W  fide.  jFrom  St.  Peter's  llland 
it  decreafes  as  it  approaches  Race  Point. 
It  lies  W  of  the  Great  Uank,  and  has  on 
the  S  at  a  coufiderable  diftance,  Green  and 
Whale  Banks,  which  are  among  the  fmall- 
eft  on  the  coaK.  It  has  45  to  30  fathoms 
water  on  it. 

Pcur't  Bay,  St.  on  the  S  coafl:  of  Cape 
Breton  iHaod,  having  St.  Peter's  llland  at' 
its  mouth. 

Pctct's  Fort,  St.  on  the  ifland  of  Marti- 
nico,  in  the  Weft  ladies.  N  lat.  14  44, 
W  long.  61  41. 

P.'tir't  Harbour,  St.  on  the  N  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  about  8  leagues  W  of  E.  Point. 

Peter't  Haven,  St.  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Labrador,  lies  round  the  S  £  point  of  Sa> 
del  Bay.     N  lat.  56  30,  W  long.  60  42. 

fetn't  IJlanii,  a  fmall  ille  on  the  W  coaft 
of  St.  John's  liland,  near  to,  and  N  by  W 
of  Governor's  llland,  in  the  narrowcl^ 
part  of  the  Strait  between  New  firunf- 
wick  and  St.  John's  Illan<J. 

Petit  t  Tfland,  St.  or  1$/.  Pierrtt,  on  the 
S  coaft  of  Newfoundland  Kland,  lies  S  S 
W  of  the  S  E  point  of  Fortune  Bay,  and 
near  to,  and  S  E  of  the  S  point  of  Mique- 
lon  Ifland.    N  lat.  46  46,  W  long.  56  17. 

Peters,  St.  one  of  the  Virgin  lllcs,  in  the 
Weft  Indies,  dependant  on  Virgin  Gorda. 

Pettr';  St.  a  harbour  at  the  W  end  of 
Sydney  or  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is  a  very 
commodious  place  for  carrying  ou  the 
fifliery. 

Peier*s,  St.  a  town  at  the  fouthcrn  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Breton  Ifland.  It  ftand* 
on  an  ifthmus  about  half  a  mile  bruad, 
which  feparates  tbe  harbour  of  St.  Peter 
from  the  great  lake  of  that  name,  alfo 
called  Lake  Labrador.  U  is  about  10 
miles  N  E  of  Point  Touloufe.  To  this 
harbour  vcflels  of  the  greateft  burden  cau 
come  with  fafety.  Before  the  AmcricAn 
revolution,  a  great  fiflrery  was  carried  on 
here. 

Peter,  Lake  Sl  a  pari  of  St.  Lawrence 
River,  into  which  empty  from  the  S  and 
E  Sortl  River  from  L»kc  Champlain,  tlie 
river  St.  Francis,  and  Ibme  fmallcr  rivers, 
from  the  N  W.  The  Maiquinonge,  Oma- 
chis,  &c.  enter  the  lake.  The  centre  of 
the  lake  h  68  miles  above  Quebec,  and 
105  N  E  of  Kinjftonj  at  the  tiiouth  ot 
Lake  Ontaiioi 

Peter' r 


Pstfr's 

M  Sufquc 

«nd  Harri 

P*Urs, 

rador,  abc 

ficliflc,  in 

Peter,  Si 

bottom  df 

branches  f 

The  bar  at 

admits  fmi 

from  %l  to 

food  aneht 

Peter's,  S 

Beaufort  di 

Peter's,  S 

the  northwi 

River,  whi( 

N,  and  lonj 

places  name 

Peters,  nu 

fylvania,  ha' 

Peteritrcki 

•»«h  CO.  N. 

fated  in  176 

itanii.     It  is 

•nouth,  x8  \ 

Keene.    In  t 

hie  grift  milJi 

mills  and  cloi 

Peter/hiirg,  j 

Rcnflelacr  w 

incorporated 

habitant  J. 

.   ^l*"'jP"trg,i 

«"  Vork  CO. 

^•"v'.        It     CO, 

ehurch,  aad 

miles  S  W  of 

'«gton,  and  i 

Pcterjiurg,  ; 

♦ituated  in  W( 

Kentucky   Rj 

^-"iiigton,  nn 

It  has  a  loliac 

"welling  Inuift 

P'teijiurg,  a 

»  place  of  eoni 

•'e  CO,  r,n  th« 

River,  juQ  bcl< 

•  o«  Hii  hmoii 

hniifts,   iiicgu) 

fourch,  court  ( 

MsfoHi   haJl   i 

'here  arc  are  fc* 

"o><-<  of  dry   g 

*"«l  tomn^iodio 

town  is  a  corno 

'fttvillagcofBlH 

'•^-  audPtt^vha 


PMri  Mi,Utttain,  in  PennfylvaBU,  Ilei 
M  Sufquehanoah  River,  between  Halifax 
•nd  Harrilburg,  in  Dauphin  county. 

PtUri,  St.  a  river  on  tlie  coad  of  Lab- 
rador, about  4  iMgues  from  the  illand  of 
Beliflc,  in  the  ftraits  of  that  name. 

Ptter,  St.  and  St.  Pault  a  river  at  the 
bottom  df  the  gulf  of  Camptachy.  Its 
branches  form  an  ifland  called  l'abi\fco. 
The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  eaAem  branch 
admits  fmall  v^els.  At  flood  there  is 
from  %\  to  5  fathoms  water,  and  very 
good  anchorage  within  the  bar. 

Fetert,  St.  a  parffli  of  S.  CaroUna,in 
Beaufort  diQri<£t 

Pettr't,  St.  a  river  of  Louifiana,  one  of 
the  northwedern  branches  of  Miflilippi 
River,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  about  45  6 
N,  and  long.  94  »a  W.— JV.  B.  For  other 
places  named  Peter  or  Peter's,  fee  Phrrt. 

Pttert,  a  townflitp  of  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  having  1,749  inhabitants. 

Ptteritrougb,  a  pod  town  in  Hillfbor- 
•ugh  CO.  N.  Hampfhire.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1760,  and  contains  1,333  inhab- 
itants. It  is  73  miles  W  by  8  of  Portf- 
mouth,  x8  wefteriy  of  Amharft,  16  E  of 
Keene.  In  this  town  are  the  mod  Valua- 
ble grid  mills,  faw  mills,  oil  mills,  paper 
mills  and  clothiers'  mills  in  the  State. 

Peterjhurgt  a  townfliip  of  New  York,  in 
Renffelaer  to.  E  of  the  village  of  Troy, 
incorporated  in  1793.  It  has  4,3  2»  in- 
habitants. 

Peterjburg,  a  port  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
ia  York  co.  a  miles  N  of  the  Mi*ryland 
line.  It  contains  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  about  80  houfes.  It  is  25 
miles  S  W  of  Yorktown,  59  N  of  Wafli- 
Jngton,  and  113  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Peterjburg,  a  fmall  town  of  Kentucky, 
fituated  in  Woodford  co.  on  the  E  fide  of 
Kentucky  River,  19  miles  W  S  W  of 
I.exiiigfon,  nnd  IJ  8  S  E  of  Frankfort. 
U  has  a  loliacro  wure  houlV,  und  a  few 
dwelling  hdulls, 

Pcteijiurg,  a  f  oft  town  of  Virginia,  aixl 
a  pkicG  of  confldrralilr  li4tU,  In  Diiwvtd 
«lic  CO,  r)U  the  H  K  bank  of  Appanwtox 
River,  juQ  below  the  falls,  about  15  milts 
S  of  Hii  Innond.  It  contains  about  400 
honfts,  iiicgularly  built,  an  cpifcopal 
church,  court  lioufe  and  gaol.  The  Free 
Msfon'i  hall  is  a  handfome  building ; 
there  are  are  Pe'vcral  tobacco  ware  houfes, 
ftores  of  dry  got>ds,  and  fome  few  ntat 
and  tomrriodions  dwelling  houfes.  Thin 
town  is  a  corporation,  and  ct>n»prchcnd» 
the  villagcof  B!andford,in  Pi  ince  George's 
•■0.  and  PtfwhaiaK  it\  Chc(l«rft-li  co.  on 


:^  E  T 

the  oppoQte  iide  of  the  river.  It  contain- 
ed in  1790,  4,828  inhabitants,  including 
1,265  flaves.  The  fituation  of  the  town 
is  low  and  rather  unhealthy.  From  the 
infpetStor's  books  it  appears,  that  on  an 
average  for  the  to  years  preceding  1796, 
the  quantity  received  here  has  confider- 
ably  exceeded  aopoo  hhds.  per  annum ; 
and  for  the  lad  three  years  the  quantity 
of  flour  made  in  this  town  and  within  an 
hundred  yards  of  it,  has  exceeded  38,000 
b.irrels ;  at  other  mills  within  a  few  mile* 
16,000  barrels  per  annum ;  to  this  add 
the  flour  made  at  the  feveral  country 
mills,  ^nd  brought  to  this  place  for  falc, 
the  whole  quantity  may  fafcly  be  dated 
to  exceed  60,000  barrels  per  annum. 
The  whole  exports  of  this  town,  valued 
at  the  ufual  peace  prices,  amount  to 
1,389,300  dolls,  befldes  the  value  of  peach 
and  apple  brandy,  whilkcy,  &c.  not  in- 
cluded. The  Indian  princcfs,  Pocahon* 
tas,  the  daughter  of  king  Powhatan,  fron* 
whom  defcended  the  Randolph  and  Bow- 
ling families,  formerly  relidcd  at  this 
place.  It  is  80  miles  W  by  N  of  Norfolk, 
159  S  by  W  of  Alexandria,  and  303  S  W 
by  S  of  Philadclpliia.  N  lat.  37  14,  W 
long.  78  8. 

Pfttrjiurg,  a  very  dourifliing  pod  town 
of  Georgia,  in  Elbert  co.  in  a  plcafant 
and  healthful  fituation,  en  the  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  Broid 
with  Savannah  River.  Several  refpc<Sta- 
ble  merchants  are  fettled  in  this  town.  It 
is  15  miles  fiom  Elherton,  io  N  by  E  of 
Wafliington,  50  above  Ai^guda,  7,^  N  of 
Louifvifie,  and  836  from  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  33  46,  W  long.  81  yi. 

Pdtrfiam,  a  pleaCint  pod  town  in  Wor- 
cefler  co.  Maflachnfetts,  formerly  called 
bv  the  Indians  Nkhcu-aig  t  28  miles  N 
W  of  Worccder,  and  66  W  of  Bofton. 
Swift  River,  a  branch  ot  Chick^pec  Riv- 
er, paflcs  thro\ijih  this  town.  The  foil  ig 
rich,  Hud  here  arc  large  and  cxcellcut 
oiilurdi.     luhabitints  1794- 

Pttit  Anfe,  a  villaoe  on  the  1*  fide  of 
the  irtand  of  St.  Domingo,  2h  leagues  S 
ot"  Cipe  Francois. 

Pitti  Coat,  a  pod  8  nr  V  miles  up  the 
MilTouri,  where  i.^  »  fiuall  garrifon,  and 
A  circumjacent  militia  ot  about  80. 

PfiiiitJkii,  a  river  which  falls  into  an 
arm  ol  t!ie  Bay  of  Fundy,  railed  Ohcg- 
neclo  Channel.  The  Uicli<ns  have  a 
communication  from  the  head  of  it  with 
St.  Jolm's  River,  by  a  portage  aciofs  to 
the  head  of  Kcnntbecfn'.?. 

Pitit-G>«/rc,  »r  the  LittU  W/Zirffnol,  m 

Mii&rippi 


4.V;| 


PET 


Pitt 


Ati/TifippL  Rircr,  is  .'^i  mileit  from  Fort 
Kofalie.and  4  mile*  from  Bayou k  Pierre, 
•r  Stony  River. 

Pttit-Guava,  or  Goave,  »  juriftliifUon, 
town,  and  bay,  on  the  N  coaft  of  the  S. 
pcninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite  of 
lieogane.  The  jurifdidlion  contains  five 
parilhes,  and  is  the  unhealthieft  place  in 
the  colony,  the  inhabitants  being  con- 
ftantly  fubjcdk  to  fevers,  occaftoned  by 
the  badnefs  of  the  waters.  Its  depen- 
dencies, however,  are  heahhy,  and  are 
remarkable  for  the  culture  of  cofTee.  Its 
exports  from  January  t,  1789,  to  Decem- 
ber 31,  of  the  fame  year,  where  97,090  lb. 
■white  fugar — 655,187  lb<  brown  fugar — 
207,865  lb.  cofTee— 50,053  ll)w  cotton,  and 
aio  lb.  indiga  The  value  of  duties  on 
exportation  of  the  above,  was  4,ti7  dol- 
lars 97  cents.  The  town  lies  on  the  £ 
fide  of  the  bay,  af  leagues  weftward  of 
Grand  Guave,  and  Z4i  W  by  S  of  Port- 
au-Prince.  N  lat.  18  27,  W  long,  from 
Paris  75  14.  Some  writers  call  the  great 
bay,  which  is  commonly  called  the  Bay, 
Bight,  or  Bite  of  Leogane,  by  the  name 
of  Petit  Guaves. 

Petit  Port,  on  the  W  fide  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland  towards  the  S  end,  is  about  sh 
leagues  N  of  Cape  Ray,  and  one  S  of  An- 
guillc  Cape.    N  lat.  47  5*  30,  W  long. 

Petit  Pert,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  other- 
tttrift  called  Portete,  Of  Little  Port,  lies  a 
fliort  way  N  of  the  equator,  and  about  5 
leagues  S  £  within  the  b>)y  fiom  Cape 
Francis  to  Cape  Paflado  on  the  S  by  VT. 
There  U  anchorage  in  5  fathoms,  and 
plenty  of  fredi  water  nenr  the  head  land, 
whicb  is  high.  It  i«  ntre  Jary  to  found, 
en  account  of  the  Cind-haulcs,  called  the 
Portetes. 

Petit  Terre  Jfland,  near  IXTcada,  Weft- 
Indies.     N  lat.  16  14,  W  long,  61  n. 

Petite  Riviere,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
clofc  to  the  Spanifli  divifion  line  i\  leagues 
N  by  N  W  ot  Varette»,  and  feparated 
Uom  it  by  tlie  river  Artibonite  ;  ten 
Icatfucs  E  iiv  N  of  St.  Marc,  and  as  far 
14  W  of  Mi'reb^lais.     N  l;tt.  19  8. 

Petit  Trou,  is  en  th^  N  lide  «f  the  S 
peninfiila  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  point  ol 
land  which  forms  the  K  liJc  of  the  en- 
trance into  the  li.iy  of  Baradaires  :  4' 
leagues  W  of  Atilc  a  Veau,  and  1 9  L  ol 
Jeremie. 

Petit  Trou,  a  fmall  cove  on  the  S  fide 
•,i  titc  i^ivA  of  Ui.  I'tJinin^o,  S  by  W 


of  the  mouth  of  Neybe  River,  sdd  about 
5  leagues  N  £  of  Beate  Ifland.  Small 
barks  come  to  this  place  from  St.  Domin- 
go city,  to  fetch  the  meat,  lard,  and  fowlt 
derived  from  the  chafe. 

Peilgnottiiig,  a  river  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
whieh  empties  into  Lake  Erie,  from  the 
S,  near  Huron  River. 

PeyttHjiurg,  the  chief  town  of  Halifat 
CO.  Virginia,  having  a  court  houfe  and  5 
or  6  other  houfes,  tnree  of  which  are  or- 
dinaries or  taverns.    Here  is  a  poll  office. 

Pbilps,  a  townfhipl  in  Ontario  co.  New 
York,  N  of  Geneva,  on  Canandartiua 
Creek.  It  has  1,097  inhabitants,  llie 
village  of  Lyons  is  in  this  townfliip,  which 
fee. 

PbHadelpbta,  a  townfhip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  15  miles  E  of  Orwell,  having 
113  inhabitants. 

Pbiladelpbiai  a  populous  and  highly  cul- 
tivated CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded  W 
by  Delaware  co.  N  W  by  Montgomery ; 
N  B  by  Poquafin  Creek,  which  feparates 
it  from  Buck's  co.  and  S  and  S  £  by  the 
river  Delaware,  which  divides  it  from  the 
State  of  New  Jerfey.  It  contains  about 
89,600  acres,  and  is  divided  into  18  town- 
fhips,  and  contains  81,009  inhabitants. 
On  the  banks  of  Schuylkill,  in  this  co.  is 
ain  excellent  quarry  of  marble,from  which 
the  nooc-cutters  of  Philad^hia  ate  fup- 
plicd. 

Pbiladelphia,  the  metropolis  of  Pennfyl- 
vania, is  fituated  in  the  county  to  which 
it  gives  name,  on  the  weftern  bank  of  the 
river  Delaware*  which  is  here  a  mile 
broad.  It  lies  in  lat.  39  56  54  N,  and  long. 
75  8  45  W  from  London  ;  diftant  about 
no  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by 
the  courfc  of  the  bay  and  river,  aud 
about  s$  or  60  in  a  S  £  diretEtion.  A 
74  gun  fhip  can  come  up  to  this  city ; 
ilaops  go  35  miles  farther  to  Tren- 
ton ;  and  boats  that  carry  8  or  9  tons  can 
go  100  miles  farther  up  the  Delaware. 
It  was  laid  out  by  William  Peun,  the  firft 
proprietary  and  founder  of  the  province, 
in  the  year  1683,  and  fettled  by  a  colony 
from  England,  which  arrived  ia  that  and 
the  preceding  years,  and  was  increafed 
by  a  conAant  and  regular  influx  of  for- 
eigners, to  fo  great  a  degree,  that  iu  left 
than  a  century,  and  within  the  life  time  of 
the  firft  pci  Ion  born  within  it  of  European 
l^ai  ents,  it  was  computed  to  contain  6,000 
iioufci!,  and  40,000  inhabitants,  in  the 
city  and  fuburbs.  The  ground  plot  of 
tijt  city  \i  ail  oblong  Iquare,  abaut  one 
ruile  N  aud  i  aud  twu  fi  and  W,  lying  in 

the 


the  narrow 

«he  Dc/aw 

S  mild  ill 

flucnce. 

ilcmciit,     I 

Jroiits  on  ti 

provi-a  for 

navlji;ition, 

cjcrtntl  erac 

til  tKev  vvoi 

exieiidiivr  f 

found  that  1 

fiifli<  icat   1(1 

Tile  biiildiii 

txccedijijr  _^ 

and  ill  tlic'i 

reach  a  mile 

c'ty  is   inter 

fti"eet«,  croOii 

Of  tlicic  thir 

extcndtrd    fr( 

Schuylkill;  t( 

"ini;  N  atul  S 

cept   Hi,(.||    ft 

trees  firit  tour 

arrival  in  the  c 

Mulberry,  Cli, 

and  Cedar;  v 

hoiiudarv  of  t 

ning  N  'and  S 

their  numerica 

ware  River;   F 

and  fo  on  to  7 

numerical    ord 

front,   and    ht; 

fnmc  order,  as  P 

flreet,    !><,tween 

ftrcet,  is  liroHd 

Y^ng  the  widcf 

Der  of  fqiures  i 

i^^;  but  as  fev( 

lately  been  inte 

their  number  no 

frvcr'al  of  tljefe  , 

'^"cs  and  alleys. 

^^'rf«--;  High  lire 

«'id  the  other  (h 

50  feet    wide. 

P;<ved  with  neat 

niAed  with  conn 

Jothatthellreets; 

clean  and  neat. 

)eady  nicntiotied 

""f  laid  iUvfn   ,', 

)^ater,  Dodc,  Ch 

Water  ftrcet  i,  01, 

''."d.  from  xh^li, 

»'e  Dock,  to  Pi, 

^''''rre  of  the  Dda 
«'ia  Front   flrct 
VjL.  I. 


ennfyl- 

wliich 

of  the 
mile 
long. 

about 

an,  by 
aud 
.    A 
city ; 
Tien- 

ons  can 

lawarc. 

thefirft 

ovincei 
colony 

A  at  and 
creafed 
of  for- 
:  in  kf» 
time  of 
iropeati 
n  6,000 
ill  the 
plot  of 
lUt  one 

llyinR '" 
f'     tie 


?  H  1 

iUe  narrowcfl  p.irt  of  the  ifth'.nin  between 
the  Delaware  *n(l  Scfiuylkill  rivers,  about 
5  mile*  ia  a  ri;;lit    line  a'lovc   their  con- 
fluence.     Ill  tlic  bc(»ini)in^  of  this  fct- 
tlemeiit,     It     \\m     cxijct'lcd     tliat     the 
lioiits  on  both  rivcr<  w^u!  i   be  firft  im- 
proved for  the  convenience  of  trade  and 
navit^ation,  mid  I  bit  the  bu'ldingi  vvduld 
cxrtncl  jjradujlly  in  the  rear  of  tach,  un- 
til tliev  would  meet  and  f<irm  one  cinvii, 
exiendin,';  from  P.  lo  W.     But  it  was  foiui 
found  that  the  Uc.lA^v.trc  (root  was  alone 
fufliiicilt   lor   qiMVH   and   landintj  places 
The  biiildin;;s  ii'xv  oeciipy   a    r;ia' e  noc 
txcce'linj;    t,  mile-;  in  length  frum  N  to  ."i, 
and  ill  tin-  rnon:  i-xtemlid   [lart   do    not 
reach  a  mile  tr.im   the  Delaware.     Th^' 
city  is   intcrfcCted  by  a  grcai  iiijnihi.T  of 
fli-ect«,  crnfTni;^  t-ieh  other  at  ri^jhr  aii.t;'^'! 
Of  thcl't  there  were  orisjinally   '),  which 
extended    from    the    Delaw.irc    to    the 
Schuylkill ;  thcfe  wrre  crofTed  by  25,  run- 
iiini»  N  and  S.     The  E  and  VV  fireefs  ex- 
cept  Hi_nli    flrcet,   are  named   aft^r   the 
trees  fiirll  found  by  the  colony  on  theit 
arrival  in  the  country,  viz.  Vine.  SalFifras, 
Mulberry,  Chefnut,  Walnut, Spruce, Fine, 
and  Cedar ;  which   lad  is  the  fouchcm 
boundary  of  the  city.     The  I'irteis  run- 
ning  N  and  S  receive  their  names  from 
their  numerical  order,  beginning  at  Dela- 
ware River;   Fr<mt   is  fir/i,  then  S^rom/, 
and  fo  on  to  Thirtiexth  (Ireet,  whence  the 
numerical    order  ccafen  from    Delaware 
front,  and   begins  at  Schuylkill  in   the 
fame  order, as  Firft,  Second,  &c  to  Eighth 
ftreet,   bit  ween   which   and   Thirteenth 
flreet,  is  Broad  ftreet,  fo  named  from  its 
being  the  widcft  in  the  city,      'i'he  nu.11- 
ber  of  fquares  in   tile  original  plan  was 
ii?4;  but  as  feveral  of  the  fquares  have 
lately  been  intcrfeiflcd    by   new    ftreets, 
their  number  now  amounts  to  ,^04  ;  and 
frvcral  of  thcfe  are  again  interfeifitcd   by 
l:4nes  and  alleys.     Broad  flreet  is  113  I'ei.t 
wide;  High  llrcet   loo;  Mullierry,  60; 
^lul  the  other  (krtets  in  the  original  plan 
50  feet   wide.     Moft  of  the  city  is  wt!| 
paved  with  neat  foot  path*  of  liritk,  fur- 
nilhed  with  common  fewers  and  v>utters; 
lb  that  the  (tree!  s  a  re,  in  {general,  ke;U  very  \\ 
clean  and   neat,     fiefides  tht    flrtcts   al-  ♦! 
feady  mentioned,  there  are  fev(fi:il  others  li 
not  laid   down   in   the   orij^in.il   plan,  as  !! 
VVatcr,  Dock,  Cherry,  Penn,    I'runc,  &c.  ij 
Water  flreet  is  only  30  feet  wide,  and  tx    i| 
t(;nd«  from  th;;  Northern  Liberties  arrofs    I 
die  Dock,  to  Pine  Itreet,  pvrallel  to  iht  j| 
CDtirfe  of  the  Delaware,   and  between   it  j| 
and  Front  ftreet.      The    (pace  occi.ipii.d  ■! 
VjL.  I.  U  j 


PHI 


I  by  it  w.13  intended,  in  the  crig'n.il  plan, 
I  to  ferve  only  as  a  cart  way  to  ^.ccommo- 
I  date  the  wharves  and  ftores,  fo  that  the 
I  river  (hould   be   open   to  the  vifv  froTi 
Froiit  (Ireet.     It   is  now  built  wi'li  lofty 
houfe.;  (except  a  very  lew  va:ancie«  here 
and  rh' re)    throti^hoiir   the  while  front, 
and  roin;noJious   uharvrs   are  extruded 
iiro  tlie  river,  at  which  the  lii-yell   ihips 
ihat  iile  the  port  cm   I'e  in  falciy,  to  re- 
ceive and   dil.-harj^':    their  cary/iej ;  and 
ire  dcfeiidcd  iroiu  the  ice,  in  winter,  by 
the  pitrs,   in:ide  of  logs,  txtviiding  into 
the  river,  fnnk  withflrne,  and  llihJ  with 
earth,  Co   m  to    be    e-'pi  i"y  fi'  iii    with  the 
Mniii  land.     Dock  flr(.-t   was  to'-incrlv  a 
Iwanip,    with     a    fniall    flrcain    runiiiiiu 
thr'Migh  llie  middle  of  it.     It    i*   from  y  j 
to  103  fet.t    widv.',   and    v.  iuds  north  well- 
ward  in  a  fcrpentinf  track,  through  fev- 
eral flrtets.     It   is   planted   im   e  cch  lidc 
witli  a  row   of  l.,onil-.ardi'   poplars,   and 
promifesto  be  oneof  the  pit  ilantcllftreets 
i-i  the  citv.     N)   lefs   tlim   661  lamps  of 
two  liranches  cacli,  dilpofcd  at  c.mveni- 
ent  ditt  inc.s,  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  are 
lighted  every  night,  and  are  eflim.sted  to 
coivfiiine  annually, -ncarlv  9,')0o  gallon. 
of  oil.     The  houfes  in  the  city  and  fiio- 
urii.s,  arc  ,';encrally  of  brick,  three  noric4 
high,  in  a  plain  neat  llylc,  ^^ithout  mueii 
dil"pl;!y  of  ornament.     Tiie  general  height 
of  the  ground  on  which  tlic  city  (t  inds,  is 
ncarlv  40  feet  above  the  Delav^'arr  ;    but 
fomc  of  the  ftreets  are  confiueratily  loWer, 
particularly  Water  ftreet ;  Itn'eral  fti)re8 
in  which,  have  fometimes  received  much 
damage  when   the  river   h.ippciie.l  to  be 
railed  bv  a  high  flojd,  and  a  fliuug  S  E 
wind.     Here   arc    %^    places    for    publie 
worlhip,  viz,  5  for  I'ricnd"  or  Quakers,  6 
for  tt\e  Prefbyterians  rikI  St'cetur>,  3  tor 
E|)ifcopa!«ans,  3  for  Roni.m  Catiiolics,  4 
for  (Ji;rnian  .Lutheran.s,  z  for  MLtnoJiIfts, 
I  for  (j'-nnan   Calvinifts,   i    for   Swcdiiu 
I/ithevaui,  whiLhisthcoldertcbiirohin  the 
eity,  I  for  the  Moravians,    I    ior   iviptifts, 
I  ti)r  Africins.  aiul  a  Jewnb  (Vnigogue. 
Ihc  inft  l*reft>yterian  church   is  limllud 
with  a  degree  of  elegance  that  >'.'ou!d  do 
h  mour  to  any  city  in  Europe.     The  roof 
I-,  lupprirted  in  fro'U  by  6  r.illu  i,  liuilhcd 
1:1  tht  (Jorinthian  ord^.r  ;   bir  as  ii  ft^ndj 
in  an  ohr^ure  place, on  the  H  lictf;  of  Mar- 
ket ftr-ct,  it  Is  feen  to  ilir^i'i'ant.ijre.      The 
L;e'"'inn    Lutheran    (hiire.'v,    wiiich    was 
built  not  many  ytari  linre,  wis  unfortu- 
n  ixtly  I'uint  in  ilu-  winter  ol  t/of.     The 
new  building  is  loS  feet   hv   48  ;  and  ii 
one  of  the  haujrwiacd  churcbe*  in  the  U. 

States. 


m  * 


.    Ill r 


!       1 


'ih- 


,r  u 


PHI 


P  H  I 


If 

LV    if- 


Staiet.  Mr.  D.  Tantbcrger,  a  tnemb*r 
of  the  Society  of  the  United  Brethren, 
at  Lctiz,  <>  m.M  of  extraordinary  mcchitn- 
ical  genius,  completed  and  cre«5itd  a  large 
orgnn  for  tliis  church,  but  it  receivid 
much  injury  vlicn  tlic  roof  and  infide  ot 
the  building  were  confuincl,  before  the 
pipe*  could  be  dilcngaj^cd.  Chrift  Ciiurrh 
ftandu  on  the  VV  fide  ot  Second  ftrc<  t,  be- 
tween High  and  Mulberry  ftreMs.  It  in 
an  old  Gothic  flrudlure,  and  is  ornament- 
ed with  a  handfomc  ftecpic,  aiid  furnith- 
ed  with  u  chime  of  bells.  Ihe  F.pifcopai 
churches  are  furniflicd  each  with  an  or- 
gan, as  are  the  German,  and  two  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  churches.  The  African 
church  Is  a  large,  neat  building.  Ft  is 
fupplied  with  a  negro  clergyman,  who 
has  been  lately  or<1aincd  by  the  bitliop. 
They  are  of  the  Epifcopalian  order.  The 
•thcr  public  buildings  arc  a  Prtfbytcrian 
church  in  Arch  flrtet,  at  the  corner  of 
Mulberry  and  Third  ftrcct,a  State  houfe 
and  offices,  a  ci^y  courc  houfes,  a  county 
court  houfe,  an  tmiverfity,  the  pliilofoph- 
ical  focietvV  hali,  a  public  library,  an 
faofpital,  difpcnfaty,an  almshoufe,  a  gad, 
3  incorporated  banks,  2  dramatic  thea- 
tres, a  medical  theatre,  a  labaratory,  an 
amphithcHtrc,3  brick  market  houfei,  and 
one  which  is  to  be  erected  in  Front  ftreet, 
in  the  Northern  Liberties,  a  fifli  market, 
a  houfe  of  correction,  and  a  powder  mag- 
azine which  contains  often  upwards  of 
50,000  quarter  eafks  of  gunpowder.  Two 
fteam  engine  houfes  have  lately  been 
creAed  for  fupplying  the  city  with  whdc- 
fome  water  from  the  Schuylkill.  One  of 
thefc  is  a  handfomc  marble  building,  the 
bafe  of  which  is  fquare,  and  the  lupcr- 
ftrudlure  circular.  It  (lands  in  the  cen- 
tre of  High  and  Broad  ftreets,  txacflly  up- 
on the  point  of  interfcdlion,  and  is  fur- 
rounded  by  a  large  circular  inclofure, 
which  is  platted  with  trees.  This  build- 
ing commands  a  view  of  Highftrcct  in  its 
whole  extent  from  river  to  rivet,  and  is 
itfcif  a  handfomc  objedl,  as  feen  from  va- 
rious parts  of  the  city.  The  ftate  houfe 
ftands  on  the  S  fide  of  Chefnut  ftreet,  be- 
tween Fifth  and  Sixth  (Ireets,  and  was 
ere<H:ed  about  the  year  I'JJ  ;  and,  con- 
fidering  the  infancy  of  the  colony,  the  ar- 
chitecture is  much  admired.  The  IVate 
houfe  garden  occupies  a  whole  fquare  ; 
k  is  a  imall  neat  place,  ornamented  with 
feveral  rows  of  trees  and  gravel  walks, 
and  inclofedby  Abigh  brick  wall  on  three 
fides, and  the  (late  houfe,  &c.  on  the  other. 
P«ttersfield,  formerly  a   public  burying 


groutid,  U  now  converted  Into  j  pubHc 
walk,  and  planted  with  rows  of  I.ombar- 
il'   poplar*  on  each  fide.    When  the  trees 
hrc  >niwn,  rnd  the  ground  levelled,  it 
ul!i  jc  one  o(   'he  moft  pleafant  promt - 
nadtii  ill  the  vi>  nity.     In  the  N  £  corner 
of  the  yard,  adjoining  the  left  wing  of  the 
flate  houfe,  is  the  town  hall  or  new  court 
houfe;  S  of  which  is  the  ph'lofophical 
hall.     Mr.    Feal   keeps  his  mufeum,  by 
fjMiial  pcrmifl'ion  of  the  legillatiire,  in 
the  body  of  the  /late   houfe.     It  is   the 
largell  rolfeiflion   of  natural  curiofitirn 
that  is  to  be  found  in  America.     In  it  arc 
400  fperics  of  birds,  feme  living  animab, 
&c.    Oppofite  the  philofophical   hall  is 
y  the  Philadelphia  library  y  thefeadd  much 
E  ^  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  fquare. 
'rThe  Philadelphia  library  originated  with 
Dr.  Franklin,  and  was  incorporated  in 
174',,  lince  which  time  the  collcdlion  of 
books  has  been  greatly  augmented.    At 
prefent,  it  contains  upwards  of  i2,oot 
volumes,  bcfides  a  mufeum  and  a  valua- 
ble philofophical  apparatus.     It   is  open 
every  day  in  the  week,  except  Sunday; 
and  any  pcrfon  who  his  an   inclination 
or  tafle  for  reading,  may  here  indulge  or 
improve  either  to  great  advantage.     The 
library  is  furniflied  with  tables  and  feats ; 
and  a  (Irangcr,  withoatany  introdudlion, 
may  csil   for  any  book  he  wants,  and  fit 
down  and  perufe  it  as  long  as  he  pleafcs. 
Thofe  who  prefer  their  chambers  to  read 
in,  may  receive  books  out  of  the  library, 
by  leaving  a  depo{ir„  as  fecurity  for  the 
return  of  them,  and  paying  a  mwlerAtr 
fum  for  the  ufe  of  them.     The  proprii 
tors   amount   to  feveral  hundreds,  and 
each  fobfcriber  pays  ten  (hillings  annu- 
ally, for  defraying  eapeofes   and  making 
new  additions*     To  the  IHirary  is  annex- 
ed 3  rare  and  valttable  colleiflion  of  bodks, 
the  bequeft  of  James  Logan,  Efq.  to  tht 
public.    The  building  belonging  to  tht 
Library  Company  is  remarkably  elega«t. 
and  has  a  fine  appearance.     In  front  k 
the  buildingyin  a  niche  over  the  door,  11 
a  handfome  ftatue  of  Dr.  Franklin,  the  (lo- 
nation  of  William  Bingham,  Efq.  to  tht 
company.     It  is  of  white  marble,  was  ex- 
ecuted in  Italy,  and  is  faid  to  have  cuft 
£s°°-    "^^^  public  gaol  (lands  in  tht 
next  fquare,  S  of  the  (late  houfe  yard.    It  j 
is  a  hollow   fquare,  100  feet   in  from, 
built  of  (lone,  three  (lories  high.     All  thr  | 
apartments  are  arched  with  (lone,  as  *  | 
precaution  againd  (ire ;  and  it  is  the  lar- 
ged,  Itrongcd,  and  neatcd  building  of  liif  | 
kind  in  the  United  States.    I'o  the  i><j< 


ii  annexed 
^tp  the  ; 
(lie  debtor 
lately  add( 
of  iriiniual 
cd  by  [ioiK 
High  drcti 
in  the  worl 


PHI 


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ii  iDnrxcd  a  work  houfir,  with  jrardi  to 
lu:cp  tlie  I'cxci  apart,  and  criminaU  from 
iLk:  dcbiots.  Thcrt?  arc  alio  apuitmcnts 
latily  added  for  the  I'oiitary  ciMifinemcnt 
()t° criminals.  'I'hc  whulcislccurcly  inclur> 
cd  l>y  Oone  walls.  The  market  houfe  in 
High  Arcct,  is  perhaps  exceeded  hy  none 
•n  the  world,  in  the  abundance,  ncatncls 
and  variety  of  provifion*,  wiiich  are  ex- 
pjfcd  fur  fale  every  Wtdntfday  and  Sat- 
utday.  Butchers'  meat  and  vcgetaMes 
may  be  liad  any  other  day,  except  Sun- 
day. It  extends  from  Front  in  Koiiti 
(Ircct,  and  is  fuppurtcd  by  300  pilln 
On  the  W  ftde  of  Second  llrect,  a  lictl^ 
above  Walnut  ftrcet  is,  the  new  bank  < 
Pcnnfylvania,  lately  cre«^td  under  thv. 
lupcrintendance  of  Mr.  Latrobe.  It  is 
a  large  and  rcmarkablv  nenc  and  elegant 
luarblc  edi/ice  of  the  lonick  order,  i)uilt 
alter  the  model  of  the  ancient  temple  of 
Minerva  in  Greece.  The  eaftern  and 
wettern  fronts  arc  adorned  with  two  lofty 
colonnades  of  folid  marble.  The  new  the- 
atrein  Chcfnut  Arcct,near  the  ftatc  houfc, 
is  large  and  convenient.  It  was  finiflud 
in  I79J.  Further  W,  is  a  fpacious  build- 
iogiintendedfor  the  accommodationof  the 
Prcfidcnt  of  the  U.  States,  but  Anee  the  re- 
moval of  t  he  fc.tt  of  go  vernment ,  it  h  as  been 
purchafed  by  the  Uuiverfiiy  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania. This  feminary  was  formed  by  the 
union  of  two  literary  inftituticns,  which 
had  prcvioully  exiAed  a  conliderabic  time 
in  Philadelphia,  one  dcfignated  by  the 
above  name  ;  tlic  other,  by  that  of  the 
college,  academy  and  charitable  fehools 
of  Philadelphia.  They  now  conftitute  a 
itfpt«5>ablel'eminary,incotporatedini79i. 
Tiie  philofophical  apparatus,  which  w<is 
lieforc  very  complete,  has  been  lately  in- 
creafed  to  the  valne  of  fcvcral  hundred 
pounds.  The  funds  of  the  univerfity  pro- 
duce annually  a  revenue  of  about  ^^2,365. 
The  aggregate  number  of  (ludeuts,  in  the 
feveral  fehools,  is,  on  an  average,  about 
,;ic.  Aud  the  number  ufually  admitted 
to  degrees  in  each  year,  about  aj.  The 
Friends'  acadeniy  and  Young  Ladies' 
academy  are  alio  refpedlable  aud  ufeful 
c'fliblifhments.  The  chief  literary  and 
humane  Ibcieties  are  the  American  phi- 
lofophical fociety ;  the  college  of  phyfi- 
cians ;  the  fociety  for  promoting  political 
inquiries ;  the  Pcnnfylvania  hofpital ;  the 
Philadelphia  difpenfary ;  the  Pcnnfylva- 
nia locicty  for  the  abolition  of  (lavery ; 
ihe  fociety  for  alleviating  the  miferies  of 
[MiCons ;  the  Pennfylvania  fociety  for  the 
cucouragemcc;  of  aiamifa^tures  amd  ufe* 


ful  arti;  the  rhiladeiphia  fociety  for  the 
information  and  alUllance  of  immigrants, 
and  two  other  fcicietiis  of  the  fame  kind; 
one  for  the  relict  of  (ierman,  and  anotli- 
cr  for  the  relief  of  Irifli  iimnigranta;  and 
an  humane,  aji  a;;riru'rurai,  marine,  and 
various  charitubir  focictics,  Here  is  a 
Grand  l/xlge  of  Free  and  Accepted  Mt- 
fons.and  ti  luhordinatt  lodges.  Few  eitici 
in  the  wurld,  oftlie  ratuc-  pnpulation  and 
riches  as  Philadelphia,  ar<.  better  provi- 
ded with  ufeful  innilutions,  both  public 
and  private,  'i'here  arc  alA)  a  fufticient 
numlwr  of  academies  for  the  inflrut^ion  of 
ith  Icxcs.  Ainiofl  every  religious  fnei- 
.ty  has  one  or  more  fehoo! .  under  its  im- 
mediate direOlion,  where  children  belong- 
ing to  the  fociety  arc  tau;^ht  to  read  and 
write,  and  are  furnidicd  with  books  and 
(lati(Hiary  articles.  In  the  city  and  ful>- 
urbs  are  10  ropewalks  which  inanufac- 
rure  abotu  800  tons  of  hemp  annually — 1| 
breweries,  which  arc  faid  to  confume 
J0,ooo  buOiels  of  barley  yearly — 6  fugar 
houfes — 7  hair  powder  mauufafloriei  ia 
and  about  town— 3  rum  didillcries,  and 
I  rediifyijig  diftlllcry — j  card  manufac- 
tories. I'he  other  manufai^K>ries  are,  ij 
for  earthen  ware — 6  for  chocolate— 4  for 
muAard — 3  for  cut  nails,  and  one  for  pa- 
tent nails — I  for  ftcLl— i  for  aqua  fortit 
— one  for  fal  ammoniac  and  glauber  fait* 
— I  for  oil  colours — 11  for  brufhes— t 
fin-  buttons— one  for  Morocro  leather, 
and  one  for  parchment ;  befides  gun  ma- 
kers, copper  fmithti,  hatters,  tin  plate 
workers,  coach  makers,  cabinet  makers, 
and  a  variety  of  others.  The  public  mint, 
at  which  the  natinnal  money  is  coined,  is 
in  this  city.  The  great  number  of  paper 
mills  in  the  State  enable  the  printers  tA 
carry  on  their  bulincfs  more  extcnfively 
than  is  done  in  any  other  place  in  Amer- 
ica. There  are  31  printing  offices  in  this 
city ;  s  of  which  publifh  each  a  daily 
gazette ;  2  others  publifh  gazettes  twice 
a  week ;  one  of  thefe  is  in  the  French 
language ;  belidcs  4  weekly  papers,  one 
of  which  is  in  the  German  language. 
The  other  olfic'j  arc  employed  in  print- 
ing books,  pamphlets,  &c.  The  catalogue 
of  books  for  fale  in  this  city,  contains  up- 
\vards  of  300  fets  of  Philadclphiaeditioni, 
he  fides  a  greater  variety  of  maps  and 
charts  than  is  to  be  found  any  where  elfe 
in  America.  The  pleafure  carriages  with- 
in the  city  and  liberties,  according  to  enu- 
meration, are  as  follow,  viz.  two  wheeled 
carriages,  S53t  light  waggons,  80, coaches, 
X  37,  ptuctoni,  aa,  chariots,  35,  and  coach- 

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ecu,  33  ;  tlie  whole  atrounting  to  307  ft>ur- 
whttlcd  c.irtiages.  The  roads  arc  good, 
and  bt'coniing  I'ttter  ;  flage  coaches  per- 
form the  joufncy  from  this  city  to  Lan- 
cadcr  in  I'l  hours,  on  the  new  turnpike 
road :  the  diftancc  is  j8  miles.  Thi«  city 
is  governed  l>y  a  mayor,  recorder,  15  hI- 
dernicn,  and  ,jo  common  council  nitn  ; 
according  to  its  prtl'ent  charter,  granted 
in  the  year  1789.  The  mayor,  record<:r, 
8  aldermen,  and  16  common  council  men 
make  a  quorum  to  tr.-nlaifl  bufiocfs ;  tiuy 
have  full  power  to  conflitute  and  ord.iii 
laws  and  ordinances  for  thf  gftverning  of 
the  city  ;  {he  mayor,  recorder, and  alder- 
men arc  jufticcs  of  the  peace,  and  jufHces 
of  oyer  and  terminer.  They  hold  a  court 
four  times  a  year,  to  take  cognizance  of 
all  crirres  and  mifdemeanors  committed 
within  the  city ;  two  aldermen,  appointed 
by  the  mayor  and  recorder,  hold  a  court 
on  the  forenoon  of  Monday  and  Thurf- 
day  of  every  week,  to  judge  of  all  matter.^ 
which  are  cogniznble  before  a  juftice  •>f 
the  peace.  The  trade  of  Pcnnfylvania  is 
principally  carried  on  from  this  city,  and 
there  are  few  commercial  ports  in  the' 
world,  where  fliips  from  Philadelphia 
may  not  be  found  in  fomc  feafon  of  the 
year.  The  number  of  yeflcls  which  en- 
tered this  port  in  1786,  was  910;  in  '87, 
870  ;  in  '88, 851 ;  in  '93,  1,414.  Pf  which 
477  were  fliips;  in  '95,  I,6i0,  viz.  fhips, 
158;  barks  and  fnows,  a6;  brigs,  450; 
fchooner8,5o6;  Hoops,  48c.  Clearances, 
1,789.  It  is  not  mentioned  how  many  of 
thefe  were  coafting  vcfltls.  The  number 
of  vefl'els  built  in  1795,  was  31,  of  which 
«3  were  fliips  and  brigs.  In  the  year  '92, 
Philadelphia  fliipped  440,000  barreU  of 
flour  and  middlings;  in  1794,  30O.751, 
The  value  of  the  exports  from  the  State 
in  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1791,  was 
3436,092  dolls.  58  cents ;  '92,  .:<,820,6fta 
dolls.  ;  '93,  6,918,836  D.;  *94,  6,642  f  9'' 
D.;  '95,11,518,2600.  The  fitkncfs  in 
the  autumn  of  1793,  and  the  embargo  in 
the  fpring  following,  interrupted  the  com- 
merce of  Philadelphia  for  nearly  five 
months.  The  exifting  war  has  occatioutd 
fome  txtranrdinary  articks  in  the  expor- 
tation of  late  J  coffee,  &c.  have  been  car- 
ried to  Philadelphia,  and  from  thcnrc  to 
Hambuig.  as  neutral  ports.  The  envi- 
rons of  the  city  are  very  plcafant,  and 
finely  cultivated.  In  the  northward  are 
Kcnlington,  near  the  fuhurbs  on  Dela- 
ware, noted  for  ibip  building;  German 
town,  a  populous,'  neat  village  with  2 
prrmanchurchcb ;  and  Frankfort,  anoth- 


er pretty  village,  both  within  7  miles.  b»>^ 
fides  many  country  feats.  In  the  fouth  !( 
Darby,  a  fmall,  plealaut  borough,  above 
7  miles  diflant ;  and  on  Sdiiiylkill,  4  miles 
fr»m  the  city,  the  bofanical  garden  of 
MefTrs.  Bartrams.  In  the  W,  on  the  lame 
river,  1 8  acres  of  ground  have  been  lately 
deftined  for  a  public  botaiiical  garden. 
According  to  a  liflpublilhrd  of  the  births 
and  deaths  in  the  fcver:4l  religious  foeic- 
I'ts  of  Philadelphia,  it  appears  that  from 
Augutl  T,  1792.  to  Augull  I,  179J,  the 
l>irths  atu(iuiit(d  to  2,51 1,  and  »he  deaths 
to  1497.  In  the  year  1793, Philadelphia 
was  vifited  with  a  fevcrc  feourge,  thi- 
yellow  fever,  which  raged  with  uncom- 
mon violciu-e  for  above  3  months,  and  in 
that  fliort  fpacc  fwcpt  off  nearly  5,000 
inhabitant!).  The  humane  eiTortH  of  a 
committee  of  health,  appointed  by  the 
eiti/.cns,  were  highly  indruniental  in  di- 
minifliing  the  calamity.  A  few  weeks 
after  this  diforder  ceafed  to  rage,  the  tratle 
of  the  city  wa«  reflored  in  a  manner  in- 
credible to  any  but  eye  witncfics.  It  is 
an  honourable  proof  of  the  humane  at- 
tention paid  to  the  prifuners  in  this  city, 
that  of  4,060  debtors,  and  4,000  crimin- 
als, who  were  confined  in  Philadelphia 
gaol  between  the  28th  of  Sept.  1780,  and 
the  5th  of  St  pt.  1790,  only  twelve  died  a 
natural  death.  In  1794,  there  were  9,000 
houfts  in  this  city,  and  400  which 
were  building.  The  number  of  inhabi- 
tants within  the  city  in  1800,  was  41,220. 
The  fulnirb.^  and  county  contained  39,789. 
Of  all  thefe  only  85  were  in  llavery. 
Philadelphia  is  728  miles  S  W  of  PafTa- 
maquoddy,  the  caftcrnmoft  part  of  the 
fea  coaft  of  the  United  States ;  347  S  W 
of  Bofton ;  22a  S  W  of  Hartf«)td  ;  95  S 
W  of  New  York ;  io»  N  JJ  of  Baltimore ; 
144  N  £  cf  Wafliington,  and  925  N  U  hy 
N  of  Savannah  in  Georgia.  Sec  Fiitnfyl- 
vania,  for  an  account  of  fcverai  other 
particulars  relating  to  this  city. 

Philip,  a  large  illand  in  Lake  Superior, 
in  the  United  States,  the  fame  as  Pliilip- 
peauK ;  which  fee. 

Philip'i,  Si.  a  parifh  of  Charlcflon  dif- 
r!i*t,  South  Carolina. 

Pbilip,  St,  a  fort  which  commands  the 
entrance  of  Maranhdu  harbiiiir,  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil. 

Pbillp,  St.  a  point  within  the  harbour 
of  Port  Royal,  South  Carolina. 

Pbilippraux  JJle,  in  the  £  W  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, U.  Canada,  lies  to  tlic  ibuthwarJ 
of  Kle  Roy.il,  and  between  it  aQd  Kiaoan 
Point,  on  Uic  S  fhorc.     '       '. 

'"  fLilif/ta", 


PI  c 

PlUiffienu,  a  bay  on  the  N  fliorc  of  the 
CM\f  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the  Straits  of 
BeliOe,  And  partly  formed  by  iflandH 
which  pr<ijc(^  S  on  its  £  part,  and  extend 
towardft  the  W.  The  £  part  of  the  bay 
lies  in  lat.  51  ao  N,  and  long.  S5  4©  W. 

Philippinn,  1  fiiiall  town  of  the  province 
of  Giiatimala,  in  New  Spain,  on  «  bay  of 
the  l<rorth  Pacific  Oceao.  N  lat  iz  50, 
W  long.  91  .30. 

Phil  pjkurjir,  a  town  of  New  Jcrfey,  in 
Sullex  CO.  on  the  E  bank  of  the  Delaware, 
oppolite  i*a(lon  in  Penni'yiyania.  It  i» 
41  miicH  N  W  of  Trenton. 

Pbilifi/burg,  or  Pbilipfteiun,  a  towndiip  in 
Dutchefs  c«).  N.  York,on  the  E  fide  of  Hud- 
fon  River,  19  miles  above  New  York,  near 
the  S  end  of  Tappan  Bay.  It  contains 
2,754  inhabitantit,  In  this  towoHiip  is  a 
iilTer  mine,  which  yields  virgin  filver. 

Pbiilpi  AcjJtmy.  See  AnJtvtr  and  Ex- 
fter. 
■  Pbilopolis,  a  fettlemcnt  in  I.userne  co. 
Penufylvania,  i  a  or  14  miles  W  of  Mount 
Ararat,  and  at  the  head  of  the  weftcrii 
branch  of  Tunkhanock  Creek,  about  45 
miles  S  E  of  Atiicn*,  or  Tioga  Point.  N 
lat.  41  40,  W  Jong.  75  .33. 

Piankatunt,  a  fmall  river  of  Virginia, 
which  empties  £  into  Chefapeak  Bay,  op- 
pofite  Gwiit's  Illandi  It  is  navig,ihie  8 
miles  for  fmall  icraft. 

Piankajbatoty  or  Pyankijtat,  Vtrmiltant 
and  Mafeontinii  are  tribes*  of  Indians  in  ■ 
tiic  Indiana  Territ(»ry,  who  rcfidc  on  the 
Wabaih  and  h*  branches,  and  IlHnois 
River.  Thefs  with  the  Kiclkapoot,  Mufr 
jtilMt  and  Ouktiamni,  could  together  fur-  , 
niih  abo.ut  1000  warriors,  30  years  ago. 

Piara,  On  the  cOaA  of  S.  America,  lies 
IJ  or  14  league*  from  Payta,  in  lat.  7  N,  ' 
and  is  the  llrll  town  of  any  note.  A  riv-  ! 
er  which  wa(l»cs  it,  falls  into  the  bay  of  ; 
Chiroper ;  but  as  it  abounds  with  llioaU,  , 
it  is  ?ittfe  frequented.  i 

Pic,  Rkrcr  du,  empties  into  Lake  Supc-  1 
rior,  In  lat.  48  56  n,  and  long.  89  41   6. 
The  Grand  Portage  is  in  lat.  48  41  6. 

Pic  de  I'Etoil,  /c,  or  Pic  de  I'AlverJi,  as  it 
is  named  in  Boug.tnville's  map,  a  fmall 
high  ifl.md,  fliape J  like  a  lugnr-loaf,  ly- 
ing a  little  to  the  northward,  and  In  fight 
of  AiirorK  IflHnd  ;  difcovertd  by  the  fore- 
nanr^^d  navigator  in  May,  1768. 

Pica,  a  harbour  on' the  coaft  of  Peru, 
where  there  is  liigb  and  (teep  land  ;  ra 
leagues  N  of  Lnr.i  River,  and  <■  S  of  Ta- 
rapicii,  or  .is  it  is  called  by  Btitilh  fca- 
rien,  C^7riipou:h.t. 

Pleura,  £»  large  province  of  S.  Atnetica, 


PIC 

in  New-Granada  ;  bounded  on  the  R  l.y 
the  ADde.s. 

Picavec,  Invlian  town^  in  \.\\c  Iniuu.t. 
Territory,  ou  Great  Miami  River,  7.v 
niiies  fi  m  its  mnuth,  where  it  is  only  ,V3 
yards  broad,  although  n;ivigaLle  lor  iojd- 
cd  bitteaux  50  mlltK  higlier. 

Piiien/vitlr,  in  Pendleton  ro.  S.  Cai dli- 
na.     Here  i»  4  pod  utlke  59 1  miit.s  fioni  . 
Wafliington. 

/'ii.itrinj  a  county  of  the  MilTilippi 
territory,  cc.ntarniug  »'^io  uitialiiiai)c.>,of 
whom  7»8  are  (l-ives. 

Pi,,Jkernig  'Tutvrjbif,  \n  tlw:  Jv  riding  of 
the  CO.  of  Ynrk,  U.  Can.ula,  is  bctwit..* 
W'.'iitby  and Scai  boroiieli,  auil  trouts  i^.iUe 
Ontario.  I'hc  river  Ntti  ruiii  iuio  i..ik';  ■ 
Ontario  thr<iu)>h  this  lowulhip.  Here 
is  an  t.xcclltnt  falnion  aud  ftnrjron  iiiL'.'. 
ry,  at  a  rivtr  called  iJuflin's  Ctt^k.,  wIl.u 
is  generally  open,  juicl  lar,^e  einiii,\ii  u.' 
receive  boats  at  pioU  rt»l<<i.a  ut  tlic  yo.ii. 

l^nylL. 

PickerfgUCs  Ceve,  is    witl.iii  Clinltui;is. 
Sound,  on  the  S  coall  of  'i  nr.4  del  i'm.- 
go.at  the  Stxtrtmiiy  of  S.  Amcri'-a. 

Pichrfaiii's  JJla.v.l,  is  off  Cape  bif.ttj- 
pointmcnt,  in  S.  Georgia,  in  theS.  <Vtlii.- 
tic  Ocean.    S  lat. 54  42,  W  louj.;.  ,50  /y. 

PidcrfvilU,  the  clild'  town  ot  W.«ni- 
ington  diAridl,  in  S.  Caroliuit.  tc  con- 
tains a  court  houfc.  gao!,  8  or  ic  lioul'c, 
and  a  difbllcry.  k  is  771  milt...  li\nii 
Philadelphia. 

Piitlotd,  A  fort  on  the  rivcr  ^t.  JoLn,  iu 
E.  JFIyrida,  37  miles  from  at.  f\u;jUltiac, 
and  3  from  Poopoa  Fort. 

Picitlit  Point,  on  the  N  fiiic  of  the  ill- 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  forn'"-*  tlie  W  Ivuiiii- 
diiry  of  the  bay  whicli  Icti  u.t  t>»  <-'.i|ie 
Francois.  In  time  of  wiu,  ilii|>$  li.r, i, 
often  been  t^iken  under  tin.  eaiiituii  oi 
Picolet. 

Picofi.  or  Pifo'ia,  nuiniu.iiiis  on  the 
conftof  I'r.rii,  which  I'crv"  to  diriCt  in.ii- 
iners.  They  arc  hi^'.h  hills  wiihin  Uiu , 
extending  about  7  le.igue*,  Ijctwecii  C'o  • 
laat'hc  River,  and  SaLngu  llhiud  ;  .iiul 
lie  S  of  the  equator. 

Pic.  Rrvicrt.  uu,  ill  U.  C'niiida,  emi'ties 
into  Lake  .Superior,  on  the  N  liilc,  \v'  i.i' 
Beaver  Greek.  Ou  tliis  rivii  dvvilliii;t- 
ny  Indians,  called  i)y  other  ualious,  '•'il.c 
Men  of  the  Land." 

■  PiSlok,  a  fniall  ilk,  river,  bay,  and  fet- 
tlcttitnt,  in  the  N  £  part  of  Nova-.Scoiio, 
»nd  on  the  S  lidc  c.l  the  Straits  of  North- 
umberland, at  the  .S  (xtrcinitv  of  the 
<5iiif  of  St.  Lawrence.  'Ihc  ifland  lit»  in 
the  narroiveft  part  of  the  Itrnit,  a  little 

W.l', 


■m 
''•'/  [ft 


y 


I! 


.PIE 

-way  N  W  of  the  inouth  of  the  river  vf  its 
name;  8  miles  S  of  licnr  Cove  in  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  Juhn's,  aud  j  8  £  of  the  mouth 
of  Bay  Vcrte.  'i'he  bay  or  harbour  of 
this  name  fttms  to  he  of  cnnitdterable  ex- 
tent. £>ift  River,  which  (alls  into  Piiftou 
harbour,  fuppltc*  th«  country  with  coals, 
from  the  miucs  on  it6  bunks ;  (|)c  ftreami 
of  Ic(s  uctc  which  empty  into  the  bay, 
arc  St.  Mary's,  Antigonifh,  IJverpool, 
Turkct,  Mufqiiidebnit,  and  SilChou  Riv- 
ers. The  fcttiemcnt  of  Pidlou  is  fertile, 
populous,  anil  incicallng  in  impnrtanct. 
A  good  road  is  cut,  cleared,  and  bridged 
CO  Halifax,  68  miles  diftant  S  by  W. 
This  fettkmcnt  is  now  called  Tii>miutb  y 
which  fee. 

Pieteet  1/laiid.  The  main  channel  of 
lAfrataqua  River,  in  N.  Hampfliirc,  lies 
between  Pierce's  and  Slavey's  Ifland ;  on 
each  of  which  batteries  of  cannon  were 
planted,  and  entrenchments  formed  in 
1775.  The  ftream  here  is  very  contraA- 
cd ;  the  tide  rapid;  the  water  deep,  and 
the  ihoTC  bold  and  rocky  on  each  fide  : 
fo  that  in  the  fevered  winters  the  river 
is  never  frozen. 

K*T*,  an  ifland  in  Illinois  River,  about 
47  miles  above  the  Piorias  wintering. 
gronnd.  A  j^cbi,  or  arrow-done  is  ob- 
tained by  the  hidians  from  a  high  hill  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  river,  near  the  above 
ifland;  with  this  (ione  the  natives  make 
their  gnn-ffints,  and  point  their  arrows. 
Above  this  iiland  3re  rich  aud  fertile 
meadows,  on  the  £  fide  of  the  river,  and 
continnc  fevcral  miles. 

Pittmtmt^  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfltire,  on  the  £  bank  of  Connecti- 
cut Rivet,  6  miles  S  of  Haverhill,  uud  5 
N  of  Orford.  It  was  incorporated  in 
17&4, and  contains  670  inhabitants. 

fium^^amis,  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit the  N  W  bauks  of  Lake  St.  John, 
in  L.  Canada. 

PittrtfSt.  a  fmall  defert  iflard  near 
the  cuaft  vf  Newfoundland,  which  is  only 
fit  for  curing  and  drying  fidi.  N  lat.  46 
«7,  W  long.  5 J  57.  It  was  ceded  to  the 
French  by  the  peace  of  1763. 

Atntj  St-  the  firft  town  built  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  on  a  round  bay  on 
the  W  coaft  of  th:  ifland,  5  leagues  S  of 
Fort  Royal.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  the  refi* 
dence  vif  merchants,  and  the  centre  of 
bufiitels.  It  has  been  4  times  burnt,  yet 
ir  contains  at  prcfcnt  about  a.ooo  houfes. 
The  anchorage  ground  is  along  the  fea- 
Ade  on  the  Arand,  but  is  very  unhealthy. 
Another  port  of  the  town  is  fcpatatcd  I 


P  I  L 


from  it  by  .n  river,  and  the  houfet  arc 
built  on  a  low  hill,  which  is  called  the 
fort,  from  a  fmall  fortrefs  which  defends 
the  road,  which  is  commodious  for  load- 
ing and  unloading  fliips,  and  is  likewife 
eaiy  of  accefs;  but  in  the  rainy  fcafon  the 
Hiipping  take  fhciter  at  Fort  Royal,  the 
capital  of  the  ifland. 

FUrre,  St.  a  river  in  Louifiana  wliick 
empties  into  the  Miflifippi,  from  the  W, 
about  10  miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony. It  pafles  through  a  mod  delight- 
ful country,  abounding  with  many  of  the 
necelTarien  of  life,  which  grow  fpontanc- 
oufly.  Wild  rice  is  found  here  in  great 
abundance,  trees  bending  under  loads  of 
fruit,  fuch  as  plums,  grapes,  and  apples. 
The  meadows  are  covered  with  hops,  and 
many  other  vegetables ;  while  the  ground 
is  flored  with  ufcful  roots,  as  angelica, 
fpikcnard,  and  ground-nuts  as  large  as 
hens'  eggs.  On  its  £  fide,  about  ao  miles 
from  i:3  mouth,  is  a  coal-mine.— —A^.  B. 
For  ether  places  named  Pierre,  fee  PeUr. 

Pigtoti,  the  name  of  two  S  W  branches 
of  French  Broad  River,  in  TenneflTee. 
The  mouth  of  Little  Pigeon  is  about  2j 
miles  from  the  confluence  of  French 
Broad  with  Holflon  River,  and  about  3 
below  the  mouth  of  Nolachucky.  Big 
Pigeon  falls  into  the  French  Broad  9 
miles  above  Little  Pigeon  River.  They 
both  rife  in  the  Great  Iron  Mountains. 

Pgeon,  a  hill  on  Cape  Ann,  Maflachu- 
fctt!.    See  AgamtHtlcitt. 

Pigton,  a  fmall  ifland,  whofc  ftrong  for- 
tifications command  and  fecnrc  fate  and 
good  anchorage  in  Port  Royal  Bay,  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico. 

PUelaad,  a  townfliip  in  Chefler  co. 
Pennfylvania.     It  has  916  inhabitants. 

Pilayay  a  jurifditSbon  of  La  Plata,  S. 
America.  See  Pa/fa^a,  its  nioft  common 
name. 

PilJras,  St.  on  the  E  fliore  of  the  Gulf 
of  Campeachy,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
NIat.  21  4,  W  long.  9035. 

PUgcrruh,  or  Pilgrim'i  Reft,  was  a  Mo- 
ravian fettlemtnt  of  Chriflian  Indians,  oa 
thefcite  of  a  forfaken  town  of  the  Otta- 
was  ;  on  the  bank  of  a  river,  ao  miles  N 
W  of  Cayahoga,  in  the  State  of  Ohio, 
near  Lake  Erie,  aud  140  miles  N  W  of 
Pitifl)urg. 

PUgrim's  Jfloni,  on  the  S  caftcm  (hore 
of  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  below  the 
Ifland  de  Coudres. 

Pillar y  Capty  at  the  W  cud  of  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  6  leagues  N  of  Cape  Defca- 
da.    S  lat.  J  »  4Ji  W  long.  ^%  40. 


Couitiy,  h 

PlUto, 

gy  rocks 

of  Cape 

anehorag 

andS  W 

this  plact 

Pilot-1 

Bear  the 

whieh   fa 

Lewiftowi 

Henlopen 

Pimtnty 

coafl  oft 

St.  Domir 

teaux,  bet 

fording  vr^ 

is  call<;d  ^ 

is  nearly  ei 

Plnat  IJ 

Honduras, 

Pinat  Pi 

ma  Bay. 

The  port  0 

W  coafl  ol 

the  point ; 

Quemada, ; 

The  coafl,  i 

Coriente8,a 

*he  name. 

PinebitKf, 
America, 
this  mount 
equator,  to 
•nder  the  ft 
before  fun-r 
PSncimey, ; 
Carolina. 

^ineinty,  f 

per  country 

into  the  difli 

and  Spartan 

the  number  c 

Pincineyvii 

na,  and  capii 

S  W  tide  of 

o'Pacolet.    1 

houfc,  a  gaol 

h.«  75  miles 

Lincolntown, 

fsom  Philade 

Pine,  Capt, 

•f  Newfound 

W  of  Cape  R 

J3  aa 

PiniCreeiyXx 
fylvania,  a  wa 
fnehannah  Ri 
■»'es  wcftwar 


P  I  N 


P  I  O 


putt  Mtuiaaln^  cr  Ararat.  Sec  Surry 
County,  N.  Carolina. 

PiUto,  or  Saliiui  del  Pi/ofo,  upright  crag- 
gy rock*  on  tlie  W  coaft  of  Mexico,  S  E 
of  Cape  Corientes,  where  there  in  good 
anchorage, and  flieltcr  from  N  W  and  W 
and  S  W  winds.  There  arc  fait-pits  near 
this  place. 

Pilot-Ttw»f  in  SuflVx  co.  Delaware,  lies 
sear  the  mouth  of  Cool  Spring  Creek, 
whith  faili  into  Delawiire  Bay,  near 
Lewillown,  and  6  mile*  N  W  of  Cape 
Henlopeo. 

PimeHt,  Port  a,  a  village  on  the  S  W 
coaft  of  the  S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of 
St.  Domingo,  4^  leagues  N  W  of  Les  Co- 
teaux,  between  which  are  two  coves  af- 
fording fnchorage ;  that  neareftCoteaux, 
is  called  Anfe  a  Damaffin.  Port  Piment 
is  nearly  eight  leagues  £  by  S  of  Tiburon. 
Pinai  IJjnd,  on  the  co-tu  of  the  Gulf  of 
Honduras,  is  Gtuated  oiF  TrivigUlo  Bay. 
Pinat  Point,  the  eaftern  point  of  Pana> 
ma  Bay.  N  lat.  6  15,  W  long.  80  30. 
The  port  of  thif>  name  is  on  the  i'ame  S 
W  coaft  of  the  Ifthmus  of  D;irien,  nenr 
the  point;  ii  leagues  N  by  W  of  Port 
Quemada,  and  7  from  Cape  Garachina. 
The  coaft,  all  the  way  routh^rard,  to  Cape 
Corienles,  abounds  with  pine  trees ;  hence 
the  name. 

Pmebhta,  one  of  the  Cordilleras  in  S. 
America.  M.  Bdugier  found  the  cold  of 
this  mountain,  immediately  under  the 
equator,  to  extend  from  7  to  9  degrees 
under  the  freeaing  point  every  morning 
before  fun-rife. 

Ptnciney,  an  illand  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina. 

Pineimty,  formerly  a  diftriA  of  the  up- 
per country  of  S.  Carolina,,  now  divided 
into  the  diftri«Jhof  York,  Cliefter,  Union, 
and  Spartanburgh  ;  which  fee  ;  and  for 
the  number  of  inhabitants  fee  S.  Carolina. 
Pincintyvilte,  a  pnft  town  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, and  capital  of  Union  didridt,  on  the 
S  W  fide  of  Broad  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Pacolet.  It  contains  a  handfomc  court 
houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a  few  compatSt  houfe». 
It  is  75  miles  N  W  of  Columbia,  56  from 
Lincolntown,  in  N.  Carolina,  and  716 
fcom  Philadelphia. 

Pint,  Capt,  on'  the  S  coaft  of  the  Ifland 
•f  Newfoundland,  is  about  eight  leagues 
W  of  Cape  Race.  N  lat.  46  4  i,  W  long. 
53  20. 

PintCreekf'in  Northumlierlaud  co.Penn- 
fylvania,a  water  of  the  W  branch  of  Sui- 
^aehannah  River.  Its  mouth  is  aliout  11 
■liln  weftward  of  Lycoinio;;  Creek,  and 


40  N  W  of  the  town  of  Northumherland. 

Pints,  a  fmnll  ifl«<nd  on  the  N  coaft  «# 
Terra  Firma.S.  America,  about  41  leagues 
E  of  Pnrtn  Bcllo,  and  form«  a  good  har- 
bour, with  two  other  fmall  iflands,  and 
the  main  land.  N  lat.  9  11,  W  long.  80 
15.  The  Xlver  of  Pinet  is  5  mile*  fiwn 
the  above  nnmed  harbour,  and  37  eaft- 
erly  of  Allabrolies  River.  Its  mouth  ha* 
6  feet  water,  but  within  there  it  3  fath- 
oms a  confiderable  way  up. 

Pinrs,  Puiez,  or  Pinni, »  fmall  Uninhab- 
ited ifland,  feparated  from  the  S  W  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  by  a  deep  ftrait. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  15  broad, 
and  afibrdsguod  pafturagc.  It  is 6  leagues 
from  the  main,  but  the  channel  is  impaf- 
fable,  by  reafon  of  ftioals  and  rocks.  N 
lat.  21  30,  W  long,  8 J  aj. 

Pinnamaqnam,  a  fmall  flrcam  in  WaOi- 
ington  CO,  Maine.  This  ftreamgiTcs  its 
name  to  a  new  ftttlenient. 

Pintard's  Sound,  o:\  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  fets  up  in  an  caftcin  dire«£Han, 
having  in  it  many  imall  ilhuds.  Its 
mouthi  extends  from  Cape  Scorr,  oa  the 
fouthern  fide,  in  lat.  50  56, and  kmg.  ia8 
57  W  to  Point  Difappointmcnt,  in  lat. 
J  2  5,  and  long.  T  28  50  W.  Itcammnai- 
cates  with  the  Straits  de  Fnca  :  and  thus 
the  lantis  on  both  fult- s  of  Nootka  Sosnd^ 
from  Cape  Scott  to  Berkley's  Sound, (op- 
pofite  Cape  Flattery,  on  the  eafiem  fide 
of  the  Straits  de  Fuca)  are  called  by  Capt. 
Ingraham,  Quadras  Ifles. 

PiniMuo  River,  a  large  branch  of  the 
Chata  Uche,  the  upper  part  uf  Appala- 
chicola  River. 

Pitrias  Port  and  Vlllagi,  OH,  in  the  NL 
W.  Territory,  on  the  weflera  fliorc  <if 
Illinois  River,  and  at  the  fouthcm  end  of 
Illinois  Lake  ;  a (O  mile*  from  l^fiffitippi 
River,  and  ,^0  below  the  Craws  Meadows 
River.  Tl>e  lummit  on  which  the  ftock- 
adcd  <ort  ft'iod,  comm»ndi  a  fine  pruf- 
pciJl  of  the  country  to  the  cafcward,  .•^nd 
up  the  Idke,  to  the  point  where  the  river 
comes  in  at  the  N  end ;  to  the  weftw;<r<l 
are  luge  meadows*  In  the  lake  (which 
is  only  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  19^  miles 
in  leif^th,  aiul  3  in  breadth)  is  great  plen- 
ty of  iiih,  and  in  particular^  fturgcon  and 
picannau.  The  country  weftward  it  low 
and  very  level,  and  full  of  lV».imps,  fimie 
a  milr  wide,  tiortlercd  with  tine  meadows, 
and  in  fonie  pl.ices  the  hiijb  Uiid  comes 
tci  the  river  in  points,  or  narrow  necks. 
Here  is  abundance  of  cherry,  plum,  and 
otiier  fruit  tircn.  The  Indians  at  .♦'• 
j  treaty  of  tiriCiivilic,   ia   1755,  ccd-'-'^^ 


'i 


III 


':■: ; ':  k 


t  i'' 


■  *■  I  H 


:'.  I'. 


ii    -ii 


1(1 


?  I  s 

<4»e  TTnitcd  St«te<  a  traift  of  ti  itiJIm 
fquarc  at  this  fort.  N  lat.  40  5,(,  W  long. 
tjt  iz  .30. 

Piot;ui  IViirtcrin^  C^«tf/»/,  a  traiTrorl.inil 
in  the  Indiana  Territory,  0:1  the  S  E  litl.r 
rtf  Illinois  River,  !>I:<oiit  40  miles  iihovc, 
wnd  N  E  ot  the  (^reat  Cave,  on  the  Milfi- 
fippi,  oppofitt  tiir  moutli  of  rlic  1Vfitl">iii-i, 
unci  a;    below   tlie   Kland  of  Si.  Picrr*?. 
iMmut  a  t]!iai  ter  of  a  mile  from  the  river, 
on  the  t.tlltrn  fule  of  it,  i'*  ^  me^tfow  of 
niHtiy  miles   loiv^,  and  5  or  6  hroad.     Tn 
this  m'.,\dow  are  many  fmall  Inke^,  com- 
fniinic.iting  withtach  other, and  hy  whiclr 
there  arc  paifagcs  for  fmall  hoats  or  ca-  ; 
noes  ;  ,\nd  one  leads  tn  the  Iliinoit  River.  | 
Fioiiij^an  Indian  nAtion  of  the  Indiana  ; 
Territory,  who,  with  the  Mitchigamias,  ' 
rouKl  furnifli  300  warriors,  ;{0  years  aj^o. 
'I'li'.y  inhabit  near  the  fcttlements  in  the  ; 
Tilinois  country.     A  tribe  of  this  nar-a 
inhabit  a  village  on  the  Miffidppi,  a  mUe 
above  Fort   Chartres.     It  could  furnifli, 
about  the  fame  period,  170  warriurx  of 
the    Pioriis    and    Mitchigamias.      Thty 
are  idle  and  debauched.* 

Piraugy,  a  river  of  Bnizil,  S.  America, 
S  S  E  of  Rio  Grande  and  Point  Negro. 

Pifia,  a  iiandfomc  town  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Lima  in  Peru,  with  a  good  h'lr- 
bour  and  fpacious  road.      The  country  , 
round  it  is   fertile,  and  it  fends  to  the 
neighbouring  fettlements    <inantiti,  s    of 
frnitand  wine.     It  formerly  flood  aq  lar. 
tcr  of  a  league  farther  to  the  S,bnt  being  ■ 
dcftroyed  by  an  earthquake,  in  i68z,  it  • 
■was   removed    to   its   preftnt    frfuation, ' 
sbont  half  a  mile  from  the  fca.     It  is  140  ' 
miles  S  of  Lima.    S  lat.  14,  W  long.  73  35.  i 
Pifcadoret,  or  Fi/beit,  two  great    rocks  ■  1 
«n  the  coaft  of  Pent,  in  lat.  1648  S,  near  ;j 
the   broken    gap    between   Attico    and  ,\ 
Ocona.  I  j 

PifcaJortt,  rocks  abore  the  town  of  Cat-  I 
lao,  in  Peru,  5  leagues  N  N  W  of  Callao 
Port.     They  are  6  in  number  ;  the  l.irg 
eft  is  weft  of  the  port  t)f  Ancon  de  Rlioda.s, 
and  3  leagues  S  E  of  Chaucai  Port. 
P/fcataijua,     See  P,rfi:afaij!iii. 
Pifcataqua Head.   See5V/f  Coii«/v,  Maine. 
Pifcataqua,  the  ancient  name  i.<    lands  ; 
in  Maine,  fuppofed  to  comprehL-iid  the  ; 
lands  in  Kittery  and  Berwick.  ; 

Pif-<itaivay,z  townfliip  of  N.  Jet  fey,  in  i 
Middlefex  co.  on  Rarifon  River,  6  miles  | 
from  its  mouth.     It  had,  in   1790,  7,2<St  ! 
inhabitants.     It  is  35  miles  N  F.  of  Ntw  j 
^Brunfwick,  and  14   S   W  of  Eii/.ihctli-  j 

fide*'""-  i 

^^ff(^fcataiuay,  %  fmall  pod  t»wn  o  iPniice  J 


P  I  T 

I  George's  co.  Maryland,  on  the  creek  of* 
I  its  name  which  runs  W  into  Patow- 
mac  River,  oppofite  Mount  Vernon  in 
Virginia,  and  14  miles  S  of  Wafliington. 
The  town  is  16  miles  S  W  of  Upper  Marl- 
borough, 16  N  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  67 
S  \V  hy  S  of  Baltimore. 

P'fn,  a  noted  harbour  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  in  the  province  of  Los  Reyes,  fix 
leagues  from  the  port  of  Chtnca;  Lorin 
Chinca  lying  half  way  between  them. 
The  road  is  fafc  and  capacious  enough 
to  hold  tiie  navy  of  Sp.iin.  The  town  is 
inhabited  by  about  300  fartilien,  moft  of 
them  meftizoes,  mulattoe»',  and  negroes ; 
the  whites  being  much  the  fmallcft  num- 
ber. It  has  3  churche.4,  and  a  chapel  for 
Indians ;  liei  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
fca,  and  133  miles  S  of  Lima.  The  ruins 
of  the  ancient  town  of  Pifca,  are  ftill  viii- 
ble,  extending  from  the  fea  fliore  to  the 
New  town.  It  was  dcftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake and  inundation,  on  Oilu  19th,  1680. 
Tlicfea,  at  that  time,  retired  half  a  league, 
and  returned  with  fuch  fury,  that  it  over- 
flowed almoft  as  much  land  beyond  its 
bounds      S  lat.  13  36,  W  long.  76  is. 

Pifi-PAy  a  hay  on  the  S  fln>rc  of  the 
Straits  of  Magellan,  in  the  Long  Reach, 
8  leagues  W  by  N  of  Cape  Notch.  S  lat. 
SI    14,  W  Iqng.  75  li. 

Pijtnlet,  a  large  bay  at  the  N  point  of 
NewfouDdland,fetting  up  from  the  Straits 
of  Belifle.  Its  weftcrn  fide  is  funned  by 
Cape  Norman,  and  its  cafteru  point  by 
Burnt  Cape  ;  3  leagues  apart. 

Pitcairni  IJland,  \\\  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  %  in  breadth. 
It  has  neither  river  nor  harbour ;  but  has 
feme  mountains  which  may  be  feen  15 
leagues  ofF  to  the  S  £.  All  the  S  fide  is 
lined  with  rocks.  S  lat.  4j  »,  W  long. 
^H  It.  The  variation  of  the  needle  off 
this  illand,  in  I767,was  a  46  £.' 

Piton  Point,  Crrtf/.thc  S  W  point  of  the 
iriand  of  St.  Lucia,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and 
the  moft  wefterly  point  of  the  ifland.  It 
is  on  a  peninfula,  the  northern  part,  of 
which  is  called  Point  Chimatclrirb 

P'lUy  a  county  in  Ncwbern  diftri<ffc,  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  £  by  Beaufort,  and 
S  W  by  Glafgow.  It  contains  8,910  in- 
habitants, including  2,792  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Greenville. 

/•'«,  Fort,  formerly  fort  du  ^efiic.    See 

Pit'Jlurtr. 

I'iujborough,  or  Pitijhur^,  the  capital  of 
Chatham  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  lUuated  on  a 
liling  ground,  and  contains  a  court  houfc, 
gaol,  and  about   40  or  (O  houfes.     Tlie 

conntrjr 


Ocean, 
breadth. 

but  has 

feen  IS 
Tide  i( 

W  long, 
leedle  off 


n. 


,ftri<ft,  N. 
^fort,  and 
,910  in- 
Chief 


8 


•fnc. 


See 


■capital  of 
latcd  on  * 
lirt  houfci 

tes.    Tlie 
counttjf 


,P  I  T 

country  in  its  environs  is  rich  ai<d  well 
cultivated  ;  and  ib  mucli  refortcd  Co  from 
the  maritime  ptrta  of  the  tilMc  in  the 
iiclcly  months.  The  Hickory  Moun- 
tain is  not  far  diflant,  and  the  nir  and 
water  here  are  as  pure  a  any  in  the 
world.  It  is  a6  miles  S  W  of  Hilllbor- 
oiigh,  36  W  of  Raleigh,  and  54  N  W  of 
Fayettcvilie, 

Pitijhurg,  a  port  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.  fltnatcd  on  a 
beautiful  plain  running  to  a  point.  The 
Alleghany,  which  is  a  beautiful  clear 
flrcam,  on  the  N,  and  the  Monongahcia, 
which  is  a  muddy  flccam,  on  tiic  S,  unit- 
ing below  where  Fort  du  Qiitfne  flood, 
form  the  majcRic  Ohio  ;  which  Is  there  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  wide ;  x,i88  jt\i!es  frjim 
its  confluence  with  the  MilTlrippJ,  and  500 
above  Liaertone,  in  Kentucky.  This 
town  was  hid  out  on  Pcnn's  pl?.n,  in  the 
year  1765,  on  the  eaflcrn  bank  of  the 
Monongihela,  about  aoo  yards  from  Fort 
du  Quefnc,  which  was  taken  from  the 
FrencR,  by  the  Britifli,  in  1760,  and  who 
changed  its  name  to  Fort  Pitt,  in  honour 
of  the  late  Karl  of  Chatham.  It  contains 
between  aooand  300  houfcs,  a  gaol,  court- 
Iioufe,  Prcfbyterian  church,  a  church  for 
German  Lutherans,  an  academy,  ^  brew- 
cries,  and  a  dilliilery.  It  has  been  lately 
fortified,  and  a  party  of  troops  flatloned 
in  it.  The  hills  on  the  Monongahela  fide 
are  very  high, extend  down  the  Ohio,  and 
abotnid  with  coals.  Before  the  revolu- 
tion, one  of  thefe  coal  hilts,  it  is  faid,  took 
fire^md  continued  burning  8  years ;  when 
it  was  efTedrually  eitinguiibcd  by  part  of 
the  hill  giving  way  and  filling  up  the  cra- 
ter. On  the  back  fide  of  the  town,  from 
Grant's  Hill,  (fo  called  from  hia  army's 
being  here  cut  to  pieces  by  the  Indians) 
there  is  a  beautiful  profptfi^  of  the  two 
rivers,  wafting  along  their  feparatc  ftrcanis 
till  they  meet  and  join  at  the  point  of  the 
town.  On  every  fide,'  hills  covered  with 
trees,  appear  to  add  fimplicity  and  beauty 
to  the  fcene.  At  the  diftance  of  too  miles 
up  the  Alleghany  b  a  fmall  creek,  which, 
in  fonie  places,  boils  or  bubbles  forth, 
like  the  waters  of  Hell  Gate,  in  N.  York 
State,  from  which  proceeds  an  oily  fuh- 
flance,  deemed  by  the  people  of  this  t<vm- 
try,  Angularly  beneficial,  and  an  infallible 
cure  for  weakncfs  in  the  ftomach,  for 
rheumatic  pains,  for  fore  hteafh  in  wo- 
men, bruifes,  &c.  The  oil  is  srathered  by 
the  country  people  and  Indians,  who  boil 
it,  and  bring  it  to  Pittfbuxg  tor  fa!e ;  and 

V«i,  I.  K  K  k 


PIT 

there  is  fcir-rely  a  flnc;Ie  inhahit.jnt  wh> 
dots  not  poilefs  a  bottle  of  it,  <nc|  iii  able 
to  recount  its  many  virtues,  and  its  many 
cures,  'I'he  navi;;.iiion  ol  !!if  Ohic;,  in  .1 
dry  feat)n,  is  rallu  r  irnubltfonie  from 
Pitifturi^  f;>  the  Mir^o  Tou'i:,  about  75 
miles;  !)Ut  iVom  thcnctUo  (he  Miflilippi 
there  is  always  water  cn-nn^li  fcr  h.irijcs 
Ciirrying  fnim  lOO  to  'loo  tons  bur  Jen, 
fui  h  as  are  uled  on  the  river  Thames,  be- 
tween London  and  Oxford,  vi?;.  from  rro 
to  lio feet  keel,  16  to  18  in  brciJth.rQur 
feet  in  depth,  and  whin  lorukd,  dr-'winj' 
about  .•J  ft>;t  water.  Duririg  t!ic  fciioii 
of  the  llooiij  in  the  fpring,  vtf^'tU  of  ico 
or  'ZOO  tors  burden  may  ^o  from  Plttl- 
bi;rg  to  the  fc.x  with  fafcty,  in  16  or  17 
diivs,  although  the  diflancc  is  upwnrds  of 
a,ooo  miles.  It  is  1 78  miles  W  by  N  of 
Carlillc  :  .■^03  in  the  fame  diret?lioii  frnri 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  40  3144,  W  lonij. 
808. 

Pittfjurg  Tcxvnfiip,  in  Ftontinac  co.  I/. 
Canada,  adjoins  to  Kinj)flon,  hence  weft- 
ward  it  opens  into  Lake  Ontario, 

PittsfiAd,  a  picafant  port  town  of  Maf- 
faehiifctts,  in  Berkfliirc  co.  6  milts  N  of 
Lenox,  38  W  of  Northampton,  140  W  of 
Bofton,  and  40  N  E  of  Albany.  Thi# 
townfliip,  and  thofe  N  and  S  of  it,  on  the 
banks  of  Ho'jfatonie  River,  arc  ir.  a  rich 
vale,  from  i  to  7  miles  wide.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  17 6 T,  and  contains  2,261 
inhabitants.  The  place  of  worfliipis  a 
very  liandVome  edifice,  with  a  bell  and 
cupola,  from  whiwh  there  is  a  charming 
ptofpeifl. 

PittifclJ,  a  townflnp  of  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  I-Limpniire,  incorporated  in  1782, 
and  contains  987  inhabitants.  It  was 
Mkcn  frcjTi  Cliich£flcr,onSuncook  River, 
N  E  of  Concord. 

Fit!.<f-lff,  the  northearternmofl  town- 
fliip of  Uutland  co.  Vermont,  containiuR 
164  inhabitants.  It  lias  Chittcndtii  S  W, 
and  Philadeijniia  IJ  W. 

PittsfcU,  a  town  in  Otfcjjo  co.  N,  York, 
la  milts  \V  S  Wof  Coopcfftowii. 

P'tttsford,  a  townfliip  i-f  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  having  1,413  iiilirliitarrs. 

Ptft's  IJhmi,  ontheN  W  roaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  near  tJic  ni:un  Ijiid,  about 
lulf  way  from  Dixon's  Entrance  to  Prince 
Willi  im's  .Si)ij;V(l,  auJ  between  Crof* 
Sonrid  and  Port  Br.nks. 

Pittqiio'ttrr,  an  ludi  in  fcttleincnt  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  at  tlie  vumtli  of  Hiiruu 
River,  v.'hich  tmpti«-j  into  Like  Eri,-. 

iu  6a!tiv>  CO.   New  Jerfev. 
Here 


Pittfjtrove, 


m 


4    r 


1- 


■It.  '  „„ 


■;ir. 


i-  ^  f 


P  L  A 


J»  L  A 


Rrre  is  a  pofl  ofilcc,  171  milei  from 
Wafliington. 

Pittjion,  a  pod  town,  Kenncbeck  co. 
Main^  on  Kcnncbeck  River,  5  miles  be> 
low  Ha  Howell  Hook,  aa  N  by  W  of  Wif- 
caiTet,  70  N  by  E  of  Portland,  187  N  by 

'  £  of  BoAon,  and  547  from  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  1408  inhabitantst    The  wed- 

:  cm  part  called  Ctbefey  or  Cthijfte^  has  an 

\  Spifcopal  church,  with  an  annual  income 
of  a8  guineas,  given  by  Dr.  Gardiner  for 
the  fupport  of  an  epifcopal  minider.  The 
W  part  of  this  town  i»  called  Gardintr, 
incorporated  in  1803. 

PittJIimin,  a  pod  town  of  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,on  the  W  head  waters  of  Rar- 
iton  River,  10  miles  E  by  N  of  Alexan- 
dria on  Delaware  River,  32  N  of  Tr''.nton, 
and  j8  N  N  E  of  Philadelphia. 

Pittjlo-wny  a  townfltip  of  RenfTetaer  co. 
N.  York,  bounded  S  by  RenfTelaerwyck 
and  Stephentown,  and  N  by  Schadlcokc 
and  Cambridge.  It  contains  3483  in- 
habitants. 

Pittflo-wn,  a  pofl  town  in  Luzerne-  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Pitt/ylvania,  SL  county  of  Virginiai  be- 
tween the  Blue  Ridge,  and  the  tide  wa- 
ters; bounded  S  by  N.  Carolina,  and  N 
by  Campbell  CO.  It  contains  ia,697  in- 
habitants. At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft 
.office,  300  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Piura,  the  capital  of  a  jurifdii^on  of 
the  fame  name  in  Beru,  and  was  the  firft 
Spaniih  fcttlcment  in  that  country; 
founded  in  153 li  by  Don  Frajjcifco  Pi- 
zarro,  who  alfo  built  the  fird  church  in 
it.  It  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants. 
The  lioufes  are  generally  of  one  dory, 
built  of  unburnt  bricks,  or  of  a  kind  uf 
cane,  called  quincas^  THe  climate  i&  hot 
and  dry.    S  lat.  i  i  r;  W  long.  80  5. 

Plaeentia  Bay,  on  the  S  ccad  of  New- 
foundland,opensbetwcenChapeau-Rouge 
Point  W,  and  Cape  St:  Mary's  on  the  £ 
I5i  leagues  apart ;  lying  between  lat.  46 
53  30,  and  47  54  N,  and  between  long.  54 
I,  and  SS  **  3°  ^^'  ''  •*  ^'•'''7  fpacious, 
has  feveral  idands  towards  its  liead,  and 
forms  a  good  harbour  for  fliips ;  and  is 
frequented  by  fuch  veiTels  as  are  bound 
either  into  the  gulf  or  river  of  St.  Law- 
rence. The  port  town  which  gives  name 
to  the  bay  h  on  the  eaftern  dinre ;  67 
league*  to  the  E  of  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton ;  40  miles  W  by  S  of  St.  John's, 
and  in  hit.  47  15  N,  and  long.  55  13  W. 
The  harbour  is  fo  very  capacious,  that 
150  fail  of  diips  may  lie  in  fccurity,  and 

'  Tin  fifli  at  quietly  as  in  any  riv«r.    The 


entrance  into  it  is  by  a  narrow  channel  ; 
which  will  admit  hut  one  (liip  nt  a  time. 
Sixty  fail  of  fliips  can  conveniently  dry 
their  fidi  on  the  Great  Strand,  vhich  lies 
between  1  deep  hills,  and  is  about  3  miles 
lonjr.  One  of  the  hilts  is  feparated  from 
the  ilrand,  by  a  fmall  brook  which  runt 
out  of  the  channel,  and  forms  a  fort  of 
lake,  called  the  Little  Bay,  in  which  arc 
caught  great  quantities  of  falmon.  The 
inhabitants  dry  their  fifli  on  what  i»  call- 
ed the  Little  Strand.  The  French  had 
formerly  a  fort  called  St.  Louis,  fituated 
on  a  ridge  of  dangerous  rocks,  which 
contra(!ts  the  entrance  into  the  harbour. 
This  ridge  mud  be  left  on  the  darboard, 
going  in. 

Plain  Ju  Nord,  a  town  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  at  theS  E  cor- 
ner of  Bay  de  I'Acul,  and  ou  the  road 
from  Cape  Francois  to  Port  de  Paix,  five 
leagues  W  by  S  of  the  Cape,  and  13  S  £ 
by  E  of  Port  dc  Paix. 

Plainfield,  formerly  St.  Andrnvt,  a  town' 
fhip  in  Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  100  milet 
N  E  from  Bennington.  It  contains  256 
inhabitants. 

Plainfitld,  a  townfliip'Of  Hampfliire  co. 
MafTacnufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1785,  and  contains  797  inhabitants,  i.%i 
milet  W  of  Bodon. 

Plainfeld,  a  towndiip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  X1I57  inhabitants. 

Plalnfield,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  Chefhire  co.  N.  Hampdiire,  on  the  | 
E  bank  of  Connedticut  River,  which  ftp- 
aratcs  it  from  Hartland  in  Vermont.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  contains 
i>435  inhabitants. 

Plainfeld,  a  pod  town  in  the  S  E  part 
of  Windham  co.  Comiedticut,  on  the  ca(l 
fide  of  Quinabaug  River,  which  divide!) 
it  from  Brooklyn  and  Canterbury.  It  is 
in  general  a  ricli  foil,  under  good  cultiva- 
tion, well  watered  by  the  Quinaibaug  and 
Moofup  Rivers,  and  many  brooks  and 
rivulets.  It  has  a  congregational  meeting- 
houfcs,  an  academy,  with  three  handfome 
buildings  appropriated  to  its  ufe.  Tli: 
town  was  fettled  in  1689,  principally  b;» 
people  from  Chelmsford  in  MafTachufetts. 
It  is  14  miles  N  E  from  Norwich,  30  W 
from  Providence,  40  E  from  Hartford,  14 
E  from  Windham,  414  N  E  from  Wafli- 
ington, and  contains  1,619  inhabitand. 
The  marks  of  an  Indian  burying  place 
arc  vi(ij>le  a  few  rods  N  £  from  the  prei- 
ent  burying  ground. 

Plaifance,  a  town  on  the  middle  of  the 
neck'  of  the  N  peninTula  of  St.  Domingo ; 


annci  ; 
I  time. 
;ly  dry 
ich  litt 
3  milt» 
d  ftoni 
:h  runt 
fort  of 
tich  ari; 
I.    The 
i»  call- 
ch  had 
iituatcd 
,  which 
larbour. 
arboardi 

bl  fide  ot 
;  S  E  cor- 
ihe  road 
Paix,  five 
d  13SE 

I,  a  town- 
100  milei 
tains  256 

pfliirc  coi 
crated  in 
tants,  iJS 

thampton 

habitantt. 

S  W  cor- 
,  on  the 
ilch  ftp- 

nnont.  U 
coutaini 


ire, 


)n 


E  part 
the  eaft 
divides 


ury. 


It  ii 


ad  cultiva- 

ibaug  and 

ooks  and 

1  meeting- 

handfome 

ufe.  Tl'= 
'cipally  by 
Fachufctts. 

ich,  30 "" 

tford,  U 

lorn  Wafli- 

habitant!. 

iug  place 
the  prei- 

jldle  of  tlic 

)omingo; 

11 


P  L  A 

la  Icagiicn  S  W  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7 
N  of  La  Gonavei). 

Plaiiiluin  GarJen  Hlvir,  at  the  E  end  of 
the  idand  of  Jamaica,  and  N  I)y  W  <.f 
Point  Morant.  There  is  a  liind  ol  bay 
at  its  niuuth  ;  and  00  it,  wiihin  Ijud,  is 
the  town  of  Bath. 

Phjlorv,  or  Pliiifow,  a  townfliip  in  the 
S  E  part  of  Rockingham  cu.  New  Hainp- 
iliire,  fcparated  from  I-Iaverhill  iH  Mafia- 
chufetts,  (of  which  it  was  formerly  a 
|)art)  by  the  fouthern  State  line.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1749,  and  contains  459 
inhabitants;  a  or  14  miles  S  W  of  Exe- 
ter. 

Phim  Cays  or  Keyt,  a  large  fandbank 
•from  10  to  14  leagues  N  of  the  N  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  nearly 
10  leagues  in  lengthi  at  W  ny  N,  and  from 
'i  to  6  miles  in  oreadth.  'i'he  E  end  is 
•nearly  due  N  of  Old  Cape  Jrancois. 

Plata,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Quito, 
in  Peru,  4  or  5  leagues  W  N  W  from  Cape 
St.  Lorenzo,  and  in  lat.  i  10  S.  It  is  4 
miles  long  and  i^  broad,  and  affords  lit- 
tle elfe  than  grafs  and  fmall  trees.  The 
anchoring  places  are  on  the  ead  fide  near 
the  middTe  of  the  ifland. 

Plata,  River  de  la,  is  one  of  the  largeft 
rivers  on  this  globe,  and  falls  into  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean  between  Capes  St.  An- 
thony foutiiward,  and  St.  Mary  on  the 
northward,  which  are  about  150  miles 
apart.  It  acquires  this  name  after  the 
jundtipD  of  the  Parana  and  Paraguay, 
and  feparates  firaail  from  the  Deictt 
Coafl.  Its  navigation,  although  very 
cxtenflve,  is  rather  dangerous,  on  ac- 
count of  the  numberof  fandy  iflands  and 
rocks  in  its  channeli  which  are  perhaps 
diiTicuIt  toavoid,by  reafon  of  the  currents 
and  different  fets  of  th«  tide,  wjiich  they 
produce.  For  thefe  and  other  reafons, 
^ips  feldom  enter  this  river,  ualcfs  urged 
by  neceffity;  efpccially  as  there  are  m my 
hays,  harbours,  and  ports  on  the  coaft 
where  vefTeU  can  find  good  and  fafe  an- 
chorage. The  water  is  fwcet,  clears  the 
lungs,  and  is  faid  to  be  a  fpccific  agaiuft 
rheums  and  dcfluxions ;  but  is  of  a  petri- 
fying quality.  See  Paraguay,  for  a  more 
particular  account.  '  Cape  St.  Anthony 
is  in  jai.  36  3a  S,  and  long.  56  34  W. 

Plata,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  Arherica,  in 
the  province  of  Charcas,  built  in  1539. 
It  (lands  on  a  fmall  phiin,  environed  hy 
eminences,  which  defend  it  from  all 
winds.  The  air  in  fummer  is  very  mild; 
aor  is  there  any  confiderable  difrerence 
*l»)ro.u^hptit  the  year,  except  in  the  winter 


P  L  A 

months,  viz.  May,  June,  and  July,  when 
tempefli  of  thunder  and  lightning  and 
rain  ;ire  frequent ;  but  all  the  other  parts 
of  the  year  the  air  is  fercne.  The  houfes 
have  delightful  gardens  planted  with  Eu- 
."opcan  fruit  tree.'*,  but  water  is  very 
f.arct  in  the  city.  It  has  a  large  and  ele- 
gant cathedral,  adorned  with  paintings 
and  gildings,  a  church  for  Indians,  an 
hofpital,  and /i  nunneries ;  and  contains 
about  14,000  inhabitants.  Here  are  alfo 
an  univerlity  and  a  colleges,  in  which 
Ictflures  on  all  the  fcienecs  are  read.  In 
its  vicinity  are  mines  of  filver  in  the 
mountain  of  Porco.;  whicli  have  been 
ncgleifled  fincc  thofe  of .Pottfi  were  dif- 
covered.  It  is  feattd  on  the  river  (il  Chini- 
do,  500  miles  S  E  of  Cufco.  S  lac.  1916, 
W  long.  63  40.  The  jurifdidlion  of  this 
name  is  200  leagues  in  length,  and  too 
in  breadth,  extending  on  each  lidi.-  of  the 
famous  river  La  Plata.  In  winter  the 
nights  are  eoUi,  but  the  days  moderately 
warm.  The  froft  is  neither  violent  nor 
lafling,  and  the  fnows  ace  very  inconfid- 
erahle. 

Piatt,  Monte  ie,  a  mountainous  fcttle- 
ment  near  the  centre  of  the  ifland  cf  St. 
Domingo,  towards  its  eaflern  extremity, 
15  leagues  N  of  the  mouth  of  Macoriz 
River,  and  j6  to  the  N  E  of  the  city  of 
St.  Dominga  It  ^vas  formerly  a  flourifli- 
ing  place,  and  called  a  city ;  but  the  whole 
parifli  does  not  now  cont.iin  aljorc  600 
fouls.  Two  leagues  N  E  of  it  is  the 
wretched  fettlemcnt  of  Boy  a,  to  which 
the  cacique  Henri  retired,  with  the  fmall 
remnant  of  Indians,  when  the  cruelties  of 
the  Spauiardti,  in  • .  -.  >  rign  of  Charles  V. 
had  driven  him  to  »  i-.volt.  There  does 
not  now  exifl  one  puce  defcendant  of 
their  race. 

Plats,  Point,  the  N  point  of  the  entrance 
into  Port  Dauphin,  on  the  E  coaft  of  the 
Ifland  of  Cape  Breton. 

Plate,  Port  lie,  en  the  N  coafl  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, is  overjpokcd  by  a  vhite  moun- 
tain, and  lies  22  leagues  \V  of  Old  Cnpe 
Francois.  It  has  3  fathoms  water  at  its 
entrance,  but  diminilhcs  within ;  and  is 
but  an  indifferent  harbour.  The  bottom 
is  in  fome  pares  fliarp  rocks,  capable  of 
cutting  the  cables.  A  vefTel  muft,')n  enter- 
ing, keep  very  clofe  to  the  point  of  the 
breaker, nearthe  eafiern  fort ;  whenin,fiic 
anchors  in  the  middle  of  the  port.  The 
cartou  of  Pott  de  Plate  abounds  in  mines 
of  gold,  filver  and  copper.  There  are  al- 
fo  mines  of  plaftcr.  It  is  unhealthy,  from 
the  cuftom  which  the  inhabitants  hare 

of 


I- 
'ti. 


'    ;•. 


n 


) ' 


P  L  E 

of  drintinj  thir  wjiicr  of  a  ravin.  It  ha« 
a  hundtomr  cLurch  and  uliuut  .:  500  in- 
h<ibitant>. 

Pliitt,  Foimi,  La,  a  town  on  the  S  fiJe 
nf  the  N  pcninlul.i  of  St,  l>oiiiin);o,  13 
Jtapu^.i  S  L  hy  S  of  tlic  Mole.  N  lat.  19 
-6,  W  loiij;.  fioni  I'liriB,  75  40. 

Platte,  or  Sli.i/.'niu  Rivr,  a  wtrtcm 
branch  of  the  Miruuiri,:cmarl:ab!e  lor  its 
quickfaiids  and  l>Hd  na>'it;4iion.  On  tl\is 
river,  ntar  its  con'hiciuc  wiil»  the  Mif 
Imiri,  dwells  the  ntition  of  the  Uf/iloiioj, 
comoionly  called  O.'n,  conlifling  of  about 
ICO  \v?.rriors,  amon:;  wliuni  aif  ij  or  jo 
of  the  ^'!ilIinlrics,  who  took  rifiigc  among 
them  nlidvit  the  year  177".        Jc//l>fon. 

Ploi:e.  L(i,  a  IiimII  river  of  Vermont 
v'hich  f.ill9  into  Luke  Champlaia  at  Shel- 
burnc. 

Piitform,  a  hay  on  the  N  coaft  of  tlic 
ilKmJ  of  J.imaic.i. 

Pluiijhur^h,  a  port  town  in  Clinton  co. 
New  York,  on  the  W  nri.trgin  of  L.  C^hnni- 
plain,  about  300  inilci  N«>f  N  York  city, 
piid  nearly  that  diftancc  S  of  Queluc. 
J'jom  the  S  part  of  the  to.vn  the  moun- 
tains (rend  away  \^  iilc  froni  the  lake,  and 
Itjvc  a  ch;irming  travel  of  txtcllent  land, 
of  a  rich  h)am,  well  watered,  and  about 
an  equal  proportion  fuit^Me  for  meadow 
and  for  tilbjc.  Tiie  land  rifes  in  a  gen- 
tle afcent  for  fever .\1  niilen  from  the  lake, 
of  which  every  farm  will  have  a  delightfiji 
view.  Here  are  a  houfe  for  public  wor- 
ship, a  comt  houfc  •'nd  jjaol.  Tlie  court 
of  common  pleas  and  'jieneral  ftOions  of 
the  peace  (it  here  twice  a  year;  they 
have  iutiz.019  (if  .<lmoft  every  kind  among 
them,  and  furnifli  among  thtBifelvts  all 
the  niatci  inU  for  l)uilding,  glafs  excepted. 
Polite  circles  nay  )itr«;  he  found,  and  the 
gentt^il  traveller  may  be  tnteriained  with 
the  luxuries  of  a  fe.i-pott,  a  tunc  on  the 
h.irpi'ichord,  and  a  philofophicril  ctinvcr- 
fation.     It  contains  1,400  iiihabiiants. 

Pliiy  Gtitn, cr  Pufuucgan,  in  U.Canada, 
lies  near  the  N  Ihorc  of  Winnipc;^  Lake, 
in  lat.  5.i  5.?,  and  lonp.  97  54. 

Pl-ap,t  Point,  a  N  E  head  land  in 
Meiry  Meeting  Bay,  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

PLofant  Pi/!nt,  a  fertile  and  pleafantly 
fituat.d  point  of  land,  ou  the  weftern 
bank  of  the  Palfamaquoddy  River,  about 
jj  niiles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  4  above  Moofc  Idand.  On  this  point 
refide  the  reniaina  of  the  P.ifTantnquoddy 
tribe  of  Indians,  confiding  of  about  40c  in 
number,  and  thought  to  he  on  the  decline. 
They  have  a  Roman  Catholic  Prieft,  who 
e^niiniritrs  the  oidinanccs,  and  lately  a 


P  I.  IT 

r(fp,.il.ible  III  (ting  houfe,  with  a  b<"IJ, 
ht»btun  erii'-.d,  at  the  expcnfe  of  the 
State.  They  arc  entirely  nnarquaintcd 
wiih  the  aits  uf  agriculture, their  employ, 
mciit  in  the  fuminer  being  that  of  filhing, 
.ind  llii'oriiig  porpoifcs,  whofi.  oil  they 
cx:rai5l,  and  fell  to  the  Amerie;ins  for  the 
ule  ijf  lamps,  and  in  winter  th  it  of  hunt- 
ing. Tlity  have  foinc  iiUas  of  moral  oh- 
lic.ritinn,  though  not  remarkable  for  their 
h  ineOy  or  fidelity,  and  appear  to  he  in- 
clined rather  to  adopt  the  vicious  th.in 
the  virtuous  cx.jmples  of  their  ci"ilized 
ne!_HliI>our6.  The  women  are  graceful 
and  delicstein  their  manners, and  moded 
in  tlic'r  drefo.  7'be  men  ute  fullcn  and  un- 
fociable.  During  the  revolutionary  war, 
their  friendfliip  v»as  cultivated  by  the  U. 
Stites,to  which  they  rendered  aeoniider- 
able  fervicc,  by  preventing  the  depreda- 
tions of  the  enemy  upon  our  frontier!. 

PAvfant  Paint,  the  caftern  boundary  of 
the  mouth  of  Hawk's,  or  Sandwich  River, 
in  the  harbour  of  ChcbuiSo. 

PItaftint  River,  a  fm.ill  vill  igc  where  is 
a  port  office  pii  the  fe.i  eoaft  of  Wan>iiig- 
ton  CO.  Maine,  and  at  the  head  of  N.ura. 
gu.igus  Bay  ;  l6  miles  N  E  of  Goldfbot- 
tmgh,  and  3Z  W  by  S  pf  Machias. 

P/fiM  Rivtr,  the  northern  head  water 
of  Illinois  River.  It  interlocks  with  Chi- 
cago River,  a  water  of  Lake  Michigan, 
Flirty  miles  from  its  lource  is  the  place 
called  Hid  in<*nd;  a6  niilei  farther  it 
paflcs  through  Dupage  Lake  ;  and  5  miles 
below  the  lake,  it  joins  'i'heakiki  River, 
which  romes from  the eaflwatd.  Thcnot 
the  united  dream  alTumes  the  name  «if  Il- 
linois, The  land  between  thefe  branclus 
is  rich,  and  intermiicd  with  fwanips  and 
ponds. 

Pludemtn,  a  town  of  fome  trade,  in 
Somerfet  co.  New  Jerfey,  28  miles  N  of 
Princeton.andabout  jSSWcf  Brunfwick. 
It  derived  itH  fingular  name  from  an  old 
Irifliman,  noted  for  his  addrefs  in  takh^ 
ill  people. 

Plue,  or  Rriity  Laie,  lies  W  by  N  of  L. 
.•lupcrior,  and  E  by  S  of  the  Lake  of  tht; 
Woods,  in  Upper  Canada.  The  N;ir- 
rows  nie  in  N  lat.  -  - 
Fort  Lac  la  PIuc 
Illand  Portage 
At  the  Barrier  -^  ■• 
Long.  95  S  30  W. 

P/um  If.ind,  on  the  coafl  of  MaflachU" 
fetts,  is  about  9  iniies  long,  and  half  a 
mile  broad,  extending  from  the  entrance 
of  Ipfwich  River  S,  nearly  a  N  courfe  to 
I  the  mouth  cf  Merrimacic  PJvcr,  and  h 

Icparat?(i 


49 

4 

48 

3J 

49 

50 

7 

31 

50 

7 

5t 

feparated 

row   foun 

which  is  t 

water.     It 

fanii    bluv 

crowned  ■ 

plum.     Tf 

and  25  fc 

|tounri  it 

race  wai  v« 

the  tide,  ci 

foil,  over  ; 

■ny  other  i 

beneath  be; 

tlic  buneliei 


trade,  in 

liles  Nof 

lunfwick. 

an  old 

in  ttiUc 

N  of  L. 

ce  of  tlK 
the   Niir- 
3      * 
35     49 

7     3' 
7    31 

laflaclui- 

Id  hulf  * 

1  entranct 
Icourfe  to 
|r,  and  i< 

fcnara«4 


PLY 

fcparnted  from  the  mstin  land  by  a  nar- 
row found,  called  Plum  llland  River, 
which  it  tordaWc  in  fcveral  pl.icrri  at  low 
vatcr.  It  counft*  for  the  mo(^  part  of 
fand  blown  into  tudicrouj  heaps,  <tnd 
crowned  with  bu(he»  bcarinf;  the  bear h 
plum.  Thtfe  hrnps  of  fand  arc  lo,  15 
and  «5  feet  high.  On  examining  the 
Ctound  it  apptarn  that  formerly  the  fiir- 
facc  wa«  very  level,  but  a  few  teet  above 
the  tide,  covered  with  a  fliallow,  black 
foil,  over  a  bed  of  fanfl.  As  winda  or 
any  other  caufe  broke  the  foil,  the  f.iiid 
beneath  bc;;an  to  be  blown,  and  lodge  in 
the  bunches  of  plum  buflics.  Thcfc  {tiu){- 
gling  for  life,  grew  and  rofc  higher  and 
higher  ;  and  the  fand  condantly  accumu 
lating,  produced  the  prefrnt  appearances. 
In  many  places  the  black  foil  i!>  now  viliblc 
at  the  bale  of  the  pfle,  whence  the  roots  of 
the  buflics  at  the  top  proceed.  There  is  a 
valuable  property  of  fait  marfh,  and  at 
the  3  end  of  the  ifland,  arc  a  or  3  good 
farms.  On  the  N  end  fland  the  light 
houfes,  and  the  remains  of  a  wooden  lort, 
built  during  the  war,  for  the  defence  of 
the  harbour.  On  the  fea  fhorc  of  this 
ifland,  and  on  Salifljury  beach,  the  Mer- 
rimack Humane  Society  have  eredVcd  fcv* 
eral  fmall  houfes,  furniOied  with  fuel  and 
other  conveniences,  for  the  relief  of  mari- 
ners who  may  be  fhipwrccked  on  this 
coaft.  The  N  end  lies  in  lat.  43  4  N,  and 
long,  70  47  W.     See  Nctvbury  Port. 

Plumh  Ifland,  on  the  N  £  ccad  of  Long 
Ifland,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, is  annexed 
to  Southhold  in  Suffield  co.  It  contains 
about  800  acres,  and  fupports  7  families  It 
isfertile.and  produces  wheat,  corn, butter, 
cheefe,  and  wqoI.  It  is  three  fourths  of 
a  mile  from  the  eaflern  point  of  South- 
hold.  This  ifland,  with  the  fandy  point 
of  Gardner's  bland,  form  the  entrance  of 
Gardner's  Bay. 

Plumb  Point,  Grtat,  on  the  S  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  forms  the  S  £  limit 
of  the  peninfnia  of  Port  Royal,  which 
flielters  the  harbour  of  Kingfton.  LitUe 
Plumb  Point  lies  weftward  of  the  former, 
towards  the  town  of  Port  Royal,  on  the  S 
fide  of  the  pepinfula. 

Plumficad,  a  poft  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
fituated  on  the  VV  fide  of  Delaware  Rjver, 
36  miles  N  of  Philadelphia,  and  13  S  by 
VV  of  Alexandria,  in  New  Jerfey. 

Plymouth.,  a  mat  itime  county  in  the  eaft- 
ern  part  of  the  State  of  Mafliachufctts, 
having  Maflachufetts  Bay  to  the  N  E, 
Briftol  CO.  S  \\',  Barnftable  co.  S  E,  and 
Noifolk  CO,  N  \V,     It  contains  30,073  in- 


L-para 


P  I.  Y 

habitants,  and  is  fubdicided  into  i  ?  t.Avn- 
fliip'.  of  which  I'lynuuith  i»  ihc  tliitl". 
Within  the  fo'iniics  of  iMvmcntli  aiid 
Hrillol,  there  wcie,  in  1796,  in  cperiitirn, 
14  blafl  and  6  air  furnacci,  ar>  lor^cJ,  7 
Hitting  and  rolling  inilK,  InfuU-^  a  num. 
l)er  of  triphammer  flxipi,  and  .in  almoin 
incredible  number  of  niiil-lhopn,  .'ud  oih* 
ifH  for  common  finitlury.  Tluic  J'lir- 
iijicfs,  fiipplied  from  the  iieij  lil>ouriii;» 
mints,  produce  annu.«l!y  from  i.^co  to 
1, 800  tons  of  iron  ware.  'I'ht  f  ifjjet,  011 
an  aver.igr?,  manufai.*lure  more  th.in  i,c.-,> 
tons  annually,  and  the  llirtiu;;  and  ru>i- 
ing  mills  at  leaft  1,500  tons.  'I'he  vjii- 
nus  nianufatSturcs  of  thtic  mills  have 
given  rile  to  m.my  othf.r  i>t.lU(.'hc^  in  iion 
,ind  fttel,  viz.  cut  and  h.immcred  nail'', 
loadcs  and  Ibovels,  card  teeth,  f;iw«, 
fcythts,  metal  buttons,  cunnoii  balls, bclln 
fire  arms,  &c.  In  thefe  cnuntits  are  alio 
juanufav^liirtd  hand-bellows,  comb.s.llirc't- 
iron  for  the  tin  manufaiiXure,  wire,  lin- 
feed  oil,  fnufl',  (lone  and  earthen  ware. 
The  iron-works,  called  the  Icderal  Fur- 
nace,are7  miles  from  Plymouth  harbour. 
Plymoutb,thc  capital  of  the  above  coun- 
ty, is  42  miles  S  from  Bofton ;  a  poft  town 
and  port  of  entry;  bounded  northerly  by 
Kingfton,  and  a  line  txtending  ncrofs  the 
harbour  to  the  Gurnet  ;  we  fieri  y  by  Car- 
ver ;  foutherly  by  fVarebam  and  Sandivhb, 
and  eafterly  by  the  fea.  The  townfliip  ii 
extenlive,  containing  more  than  80  fqnare 
miles.  It  is  about  16  milts  in  length,  and 
more  than  5  in  brerulth.  The  nutnber 
of  inhabitants,  by  the  ccnfiis  of  1791, 
was  2,995.  'i'he  Town,  or  principal  let- 
tlement,  which  contains  mote  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  inhabitant?,  is  on  the  north- 
eafterly  part  of  the  townlliip,  near  a 
ftream  callcl  the  Torvn  h'rrjot,  which  flows 
from  a  laijje  pond,  bearing  the  name  of 
Billin^ton  Sej.  One  main  llrtet  croflcs  the 
flream,  :md  is  interftCTed  by  three  crofs 
ftreets,  extending  to  the  lliot  c  :  nnotlicr 
ftreet  nM).-.  wcfttrly  on  the  nortli  tide  of 
the  brook.  Tlic  town  is  conipat.?lly  built, 
and  contains  about  ioo  riwciling-liouics, 
(the  greater  part  of  which  are  on  the 
nottl\  fide  of  the  To.vn  Brook)  .i  b.ind- 
fome  n-eeting  houfe,  court  hiuife,  and 
gaol.  There  are  two  prctinO-ts  ;  (me  in- 
cludes the  town,  and  tli^  illftri^l  of  [\i.hbs' 
Hole,  and  Ed  River  ;  t!v,  othtr  is  at  M'f- 
vmfnt  Ponds,  a  villasjc  lying  about  7  niiics 
S  from  the  town,  beyond  tie  hi;^!!  lan'U 
of  Monunent.  Tlie  foil  near  the  co.-ill  is 
generally  good  ;  tin-  rc'ld-ic  of  tiic  tnwn- 
fliip  is  barren,  and  notwithltar.din;  tiic 

aiiti>iuiiy 


i 


ii\ 

y,v- 


'1'-i 


^  ^* 


■  lii;  i'J 


-     '  f 


ni  I 


PLY 

tintlquity  of  the  ftttlemcnt,  i«  yet  a  forcft. 
'J'lic  wood  is  principally  pine,  thousli 
there  arc  nuny  traAi  cnvrrcd  witli  oalc. 
'i'iic  hi<(bour  u  CAnucious,  hut  fltallow, 
anil  iH  tormed  by  a  long  and  uarrow  nrck 
(jf  land,  called  Salibeu/t  BtatL,  extending 
fdiithcrly  from  Marflifield,  and  ttrmiia- 
tiii;;  Ht  the  Gumrt  Head,  and  by  a  fmaller 
h(.acli  within,  running  in  an  oppofite  i\- 
rcLtiDU,  and  coniiet^ed  with  the  main 
liiiul  iii'iir  Eel  River,  abmit  3  miles  from 
the  town,  There  >a  a  light  noufc  on  the 
Curnrt,  and  on  Sultitn/e  Mtaib  it  placed 
(<nc  of  the  hnts  rrtLlid  and  maintained 
hy  the  Humane  Society  of  Mufiachufettt, 
for  the  reception  and  relief  of  (liipwieck* 
ed  mariners.  There  ii  a  breach  in  the 
inner  beach,  which  expofes  the  On'pjping, 
even  at  the  wharvei,  d|tring  an  eafterly 
florm. 

The  principal  Iwrinefa  of  tbe  lo«m  ia 
the  €«J  fficry,  in  which  are  employed 
2,000  tons  of  (hipping,  and  about  300 
men  annually.  There  arc  a  few  coafting 
veflels  belonging  to  the  place,  and  %  brigs ; 
nnd  10  or  12  fchuonera,  employed  in  for- 
eign trade.  Many  of  the  finiing  vcflVIs 
make  Toyages  to  the  fouthem  Sutes,  ia 
the  winter  feafou.  The  exports,  which, 
at  the  commencemcot  of  llie  prefcnt  fed- 
eral government,  were  very  inconfiilcra- 
t>le,  not  exceeding  8,oco  or  ^fioo  dollars 
annually,  are  now  refpedtablc.  In  1795, 
they  exceeded  70/}co  dollari,and  in  1796, 
they  amounted  to  near  130^00  dollars. 
Formerly  the  produce  of  the  fi(hery  was 
fold  at  Bodun,  or  Salem  ;  it  is  now  almoft 
wholly  exported  fromthe  town,  and  eoni- 
tidcralnle  quantities  of  fifli  Ivave  been  l«to 
ly  purchafed  at  Boflun,  and  exported 
from  Plymouth.  The  proceeds  of  the 
foreign  voyages  are  generally  conveyed 
to  Bofton  for  a  market. 

The  lofles  and  fufieriogs  of  the  Inhab- 
itants of  Plymouth,  during  the  war  for 
independence,  were  extreme.  Their  veC- 
lels  were  almoft  all  captured  or  left.  The 
fnen  who  ufed  to  be  employed  in  them, 
were  difperfed  in  the  fea  and  land  fervice, 
in  which  many  of  them  loft  their  lives; 
4  great  number  of  widows  and  orphans 
were  left  deftitutc ;  bulinefs  languiflied  ; 
4)Oufes,  ftores,  and  wharves  went  to  de- 
cay, and  a  {general  appearance  of  poverty 
and  deprcflion  prevailed.  A  few  years 
of  peace  and  good  government  have  re>- 
verl'cd  this  melancholy  ftate  of  things. 
A  young,  induftrious,  and  enterprizing 
s-ace  of  feamcn  has  fuccecded  to  thofe 
vk  ho  are  gone ;  bufincfs  has  revived ;  the 


PLY 

navigHtion  and  fonuncrcf  of  lh«;  \>hte 
arc  more  rcfpi«!l.ih!c  thin  nt  aiiv  lormtr 
pcri^id  i  llic  iioulit  :iic  in  g'joil  n[n\r, 
many  new  ones  arc  creeled,  and  a  fpitJt 
ot'cntcrprift  tni  improvinicrnt  i»  appar- 
ent. An  aesdcmy  is  contemplated:  .1 
valuable  tlittitiv  tnill,  and  other  ivp;kk, 
arecrctSlcd  on  the  low  n  BriH>k.  A  n.ig(', 
which  goes  twice  a  week  to  Cuflon,  ii 
well  fuppoited;  and  an  aquedudl  for 
bringing  Ireili  water  to  the  houfts  of  the 
inhabitants  is  more  than  half  cuaiplcted. 
The  tuwnOiip  abouuds  with  ponds  aud 
ftrcams.  More  than  ico  ponds  appear 
on  the  map  lately  taken  by  a  committed 
of  the  town,  and  iranfmitted  to  the  Sec- 
retary's oflice.  fi/Uingto/i  Sea  is  about  z 
miles  from  the  town,  and  covers  near  300 
acres.  From  the  ftream  flowing  from  th'm 
pond,  the  aqueduct  will  he  fupplicd, 
£»iiib  Pond  is  much  larger.  Further  S  it 
Hal/  Way  Fond  and  Zwjf  Pond.  Near 
Sandwich  line  is  the  Gnat  Httriug  Pond, 
To  9>llington  Sea,  Halfway  Pond,  and 
the  Great  Herring  Pond,  afewives  refort 
in  their  feafon  in  great  abundance.  Tlie 
Criat  Htrriwg  Pond  hat  been  contemplat- 
ed as  a  refervoir  for  the  proj,e(Sted  canal 
^crofe  t)te  ifihmus  between  Buxxard  and 
Barnfiabl*  Bays.  Many  of  the  pondt 
abound  with  white  and  red  perch,  pike, 
and  ether  frcfh  water  fifh ;  and  in  the 
numerous  brooks  which  run  into  the  fea 
in  different  parts  of  the  townfhip,  are 
found  excellent  trout,  Thefe  ponds  and 
ftreams  are  often  the  fcenct  of  amufe* 
nient  for  parties  of  both  fexet,  ia  the  iumi 
mer  feafon. 

At  the  village  of  Monument  Pondt  and 
Eel  River,  and  in  fome  other  parts  of  tl)e 
townfhip,  many  of  the  inhabitants  are 
farmers.  In  the  Town,  the  gardens  are 
numerous  and  well  cultivated,  and  when 
aided  by  the  aquedutSl,  will  be  produd- 
ive  equal  to  the  wants  of  the  inhabitants. 

The  fituation  of  the  town  is  pleafant 
and  healthful.  The  eafterly  winds  of  the 
Spring,  however,  are  diftrcfting  to  per- 
fons  of  tender  habits,  aiid  are  uncomfort- 
able even  to  the  robuft.  The  market  is 
not  regularly  fupplied.  Fuel,  fifli,  poul- 
try, and  wild  fowl  are  plentiful  and  cheap- 
er, perhaps,  than  in  any  other  fea-  port  of 
the  lize.  The  people  are  fober,  friendly, 
and  induftrious.  It  is  the  £rft  fettlemcirf 
in  ^cw-£nglaitd,  and  is  peopled,  princi- 
pally, by  the  defcendants  pf  the  ancicDt 
ftock.  But  few  foreigners  are  among 
them.  The  roek  on  which  their  forefath- 
ers firft  Undcdi  trai  coi^v^cd,  in  i*  74i 
-  ._  -      ,  frow 


frtmk  the 

of  the  to 

will  not  i 

'ng  to  Ca 

■t  Cfamfii 

the  town 

days,  vh 

a««c»id  th( 

fit  and  rej 

and  pudd 

them.    A 

fame  road, 

fovered  w 

pine  knott, 

dians  at  th 

'ndent  ufa 

certain. 

The  chei 

'uel,  and  th 

are  to  be  fc 

«bly  render 

conriderabic 

■leflic  mano 

al  there,    t 

•t  prefcnt  < 

""P'tal  of  th 

citi  lo  whici 

fofomtotht 
profit. 

'n  the  thn 

Mportt  were 

Second 

Third  d 

Fourth  I 

ta  the  firft 

dollars.    Thii 

duced  hy  th, 

<hc  deprcdati< 

'ontiherce  of  1 

^l^mouti,  a 

■eclicut,.contJ 

^ymeiitb,  a  | 

Oraftoa  co.  N. 

of  Baker't  K\v 

ftlls  into  the 

*iles  N  of  Co 

*Jputh,  and  4, 

The  townfliip  \ 

Wd  contains  74 

Plymntb,  a  tc 

oagoco.  lately 

J-  Watfon,  Ef 

New  England. 

""'cs  S  F  of  Ge 

«''v»ty  on  the  E 

commands  a  ch.i 

''f 'he  whole  lali 

•ne  tnwnHiip  of 

tnrmerly  called  , 


are 


in  i774i 


frmt  the  fhore  to  a  r4(ure  in  the  crntre  ] 
of  the  town.    The  ftntimental  traveller  t 
%ill  not  fail  to  view  it ;  iiitd  if  he  it  pafT-  ; 
Ing  to  Cttpr  Coil,  he  will  {Mufc  h  moment 
•t  CtamptKHift  ftnJ,  about  7   miles  from  j 
the  town,  tvlurt*  the  propic  In  ancient  , 
day*,  vhcn  tr.iv'clling  from  the  Cape  to  1 
attend  the  courts  of  H!}rmotiih,  ufcd  to 
lit  and  rrMle  (hcmfclve*  with  the  cfami 
■nd  pudding  which  they  brought  tvith 
them.    A  few  mites  further  fouth,  on  the 
fame  road,  are  tUefmri/iit  roelt,  which  arc  ' 
covered  with  the  dry  iimlw  of  rree^  and 
pine  knot!,  heaped  upon  (hem  by  the  In- 
dians ai  they  paf*  by,  in  ohfcrvance  of  an  ; 
ancient  ufage,  the  origin  uf  which  i«  un-  , 
ceitain.  I 

The  cheapncfa  of  Wvttig,  the  plenty  of  I 
fuel,  and  the  convenient  tnill-feat*  which  ' 
are  to  be  found  m  Plymouth,  will  prob-  | 
ably  render  It,  at  fome  future  period,  a  ^ 
conridcrable  m^nnfatfturin);  town.  Do- 
■leftic  manaf3<flurei  are  now  very  gcucr- 
al  there,  fifliery  and  foreign  commerce  [ 
at  nrefbnt  engage  ahnoft  all  the  adlivc  ! 
Mpttat  of  the  Iowa  ;  but  the  contiagen-  ; 
ciea  to  which  they  are  cxpofed  may  lead  I 
ro  fome  otter  Ibarcea  of  cmpfoymeot  and  j 
profit.  I 

In  'the  three  lafl  quarters  of  I796»  the  \ 
Mportt  were  as  follows :  j 

Second  quarter,  56,143  doHs. 

Third  ditto,  36,634 

Fourth  ditto,  36,006  ! 

In  the  firft  quarter  of  the  prefcnt  year,  ' 
(1797)  they  amounted  only  to  11466 
dollars.    T^iis  diminution  has  been  pro-  . 
duced  by  the  apprchenfions  excited  by 
(he  depredations  t^f  the  French  Oa  the  . 
eomrherce  of  the  United  States.  ' 

Phmoutb,  a  town  in  Litchfield  en.  Con-  ' 
MedticUt,.  containing  1791  inhabitants.  1 
Ffymoiitt,  a  polt,  and  half  diire  town  in  j 
Oraflon  eo.  N.  Hanipfliire,  at  the  mouth  ' 
of  Baker's  River,  on  its  S  fide,  where  it  ] 
falls  into  the  river  PemigewalTet ;  45 
tnilei  N  of  Concord,  71  N  W  of  Portf-  : 
inouth,  and  445  N  £  of  Philadelphia.  | 
The  townflitp  was  incorporated  iu  1763, ' 
aad  contains  743  intubitant:), 

Plymouth,  a  town  of  N.  York,  in  Onon 
dago  CO.  lately  laid  out  and  named  by  ! 
S.  Watfon,  £fq.  a  native  of  Plymouth,  { 
New  England.    The  town  lies  about  i% 
miles  S  F  of  Geneva,  on  a  beautiful  de- 
clivity on  the  E  fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  and 
commands  a  ch.uminj;  and  cxtenfivc  view 
of  the  whole  lake.    I'he  town  plat  is  in 
•he  townihip  of  Romulus,  on  the  fpot 
Jormcrly  called  AffU  Tvuu,  aud  wa»  the 


P  O  G 

head  quarters  of  the  Seneca  Tndiiin«,  nhn 
were  coiii](i'ri.d  and  difprrfcd  l»v  (J^n. 
ikillivan,  in  his  wcftcrn  txpeditidH  in 
1779.  The  fituation  i*  hcrflthidl  and 
plcafimt,  well  watt  rt;d  by  copioui  liviinj 
IprinRs ;  upwardi  of  ao  boufm  wiro  ImiU 
here  in  1796.  Tl)f  new  Sritc  ro.iel  in- 
tcTfr<fl«  this  town ;  and  here  is  a  ftrry 
acrors  the  lalcc  to  ancihcr  thriviiiji  town 
on  »he  oppofitc  fide. 

PtymoHtb  Company  t  Pttl.-nt,  fic.  !t>  1640, 
Antifai  Jhlti  &  Co,  pure  hadd  of  the  «  nl . 
ony  of  New-Plymouth,  and  of  tli-  In- 
dians, for  ^^400  ftcrlins,  paid  iu  if,(ij,  A 
traiSlofland,  in  the  diftridl  of  Maine,  tx- 
tending,  on  the  fca-coxG;,  IJ  miles  on  each 
fide  the  month  of  Kennebec  River,  and 
up  faid  river,  tlie  r«inc  width,  to  n  plMce 
called  IVeJtrunJtU,  lifustcd  on  the  li  fide 
of  the  river,  where  it  bends  weftwuid  to- 
wards Norridgwalk.  A  grcMt  part  of  this 
vahtabie  tratfl  has  hctn  fold  «iu'  fettled. 
The  Plymouth  Companv,  whicit  K\\\  I'x- 
ifti,  have  yet  in  poifTcrfron  coufidcrabic 
portions  of  the  original  purchalc. 

Plym»ulb^  the  nume  of  two  townfliips 
in  Pcnnfylvanta,  the  one  in  Luxcrnc  ro. 
the  other  in  that  of  Montgomery.  'I'hc 
farmer  has  746,  the  latter  57 -z  inh  .bit  int>, 

Plymtuti,  a  imall  poft  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, on  the  S  ftde  of  Roanoke  River, 
about  5  miles  above  A1l>eniarle  Sound. 
It  is  a3  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Edenton,  and 
463  from  Philadelphia 

Plymmttb,  a  fcttlement  on  the  S  pcnin- 
fala  of  St  Domingo,  and  in  the  depen- 
dence of  Jercmic. 

Phmciuili'Toivn,  in  tl)'"  in;«nd  of  Toba- 
go, [a  the  W.  Indies.  N  iat.  10  10,  W 
long.  60  3  a. 

Piymouili,  formerly  .Saltafli,  a  townfldp 
in  Windfor  co.  Vermont,  13  miks  W  of 
Windfnr,  containing  106  inhabitants. 

Plywfiton,  a  lownfliip  in  Plymouth  co. 
Maffachufctts,  45  miles  S  E  of  Bofton.  It 
contains  881  inhabitants. 

Poeahontat,  A  town  in  Clieflerf;<Id  cc. 
Virginia,  within  the  jurifdidlion  of  Pcttrf- 
burg  in  Dinwiddie  co.  It  probably  de- 
rives its  name  from  the  famous  princef* 
Pocahontas,  the  daughter  of  king  fow- 
hatan. 

Poclrehejko,  a  river  of  New-Britain,  N. 
America. 

Puoimoie,  an  eaftcrn  water  of  Clicfa- 
pcak  Bp.y,  naviti;ible  a  few  mi!e«. 

Pncolatigc,  a  "village  of  S.  Carolina,  T5 
miles  from  Combaiite  Ferry,  and  67  from 
Cbarledon. 

/»*j<r,  Cafe,  thc   N  V.  point  of  Chaba- 

li'.'.iddick 


f 


V   f  i 


'l^ 


!  ■  41 
I  ;   t 


i 


P  O  J 


PON 


I  qiufldick  Mand,  near  Martha's  Vineyard, 
JVIafr.iciiulctts.  From  Holmes's  Hole  ti> 
this  cnpe  the  courCe  is  S  E  by  E,  3J 
leagues  diftant.  In  the  chiinir!  between 
them  there  are  ii  and  ii  fath  :.!«  water. 
N  lat.  41  »5,  W  long,  from  Grctnwich 
70  »a. 

Point,  a  townfliip  of  Nnrilnim'seriand 
CO.  Ptnnfylvania.  It  has  875  inhabitants. 
Point  A'-detian,  the  S  W  point  of  Bol- 
ton harbour.  N  lat,  44  30,  W  long.  70  54. 
Puini-au-Fcr,  a  place  near  the  head  or 
northern  p^rt  of  Lake  Clumplain,  within 
the  limits  of  tlic  United  States.  It  was 
d(.Jivcred  up  by  the  Britifli  in  1796. 

Point  Ic  Pft,  the  eaftern  limit  of  PnfTa- 
jnacjiioddy  Bay,  on   the  coaft  of  New- 
^Brunfwick. 

Puinie  dis  PJ(res,  a  capc  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  ill.ind  of  St.  Domingo,  4  leagues  \V 
of  the  mouth  of  Pedernalts  River. 

Point  yuJitb,  in  the  townfliip  of  South- 
Kingftown,  is  the  3  extremity  of  the  weft- 
f  rn  fhore  of  Narraganfct  Bay  ia  Rhode- 
Illand.  It  is  9  miles  S  S  W  of  Newport. 
14  lat.  41  14,  W  long.  71  a8. 

Point  Pcire,  in  the  illand  of  Guadaloupe, 
has  (Irong  fortificaiions,and  lies  about  ao 
miles  from  Fort  Louis. 

Point  Pleafant,  an  iudifTcrent  village  on 
the  £  bank  of  the  Ohio,  juft  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhawa.  Near 
thid  place  was  fought  ihs  memo,  -^blc  bat- 
rh;  bftwccn  a  detachment  of  Virginia 
miritia,  und'^r  Col.  Lewis,  and  the  Shaw- 
anec  and  Delaware  Indians.  After  a 
!on<»  and  dubious  confliiSt,  the  Virginians 
remained  mafters  of  the  field.      EUlcott. 

Point  St.  George,  a  point  of  land  extend- 
iflg  into  the  ocean  on  the  weftern  coaft 
of  Amtric'i,  in  lat.  41  46  N,  long.  130  3 
W.  This  point  forms  a  bay  on  each  fide, 
and  terminates  in  a  fandy  beach.  Sev- 
eral funkcn  rocks  and  numerous  break- 
ers extend  to  t!)e  fouthward  of  the  point : 
to  tlie  weftuard  arc  four  rock  illand.'., 
called  Dragon  Rocks,  whicii  completely 
guard  the  bay  on  the  N  Ode  of  the  point 
from  the  .S  and  S  W  winds.  The  country 
back  is  mountaiuous  and  barren. 

Viiiicou-oer. 
Pujtruhtccv!,  called  by  the  Spaniards 
Vokan  de  Oiizaba,  a  cJchratcd  moun- 
tain in  Mexico,  or  New- Spain,  which  be- 
gan to  fend  forth  fmokc  in  iS\Si  ''"fl  con- 
liuued  to  do  fo  for  20  years;  but  tor  twt) 
<<niiirics  p^ft,  there  has  not  been  ob- 
f» tvliI  the  I'lnaUcll  H^mi  of  burniivj.  The 
luoniitain,  wliirh  is  of  a  conic;il  ligurc,  is 
iht  li'^'irll  1.4nd  ia  Mexico,  and  is  dcf- 


cried  by  fcamen  who  arc  ftecring  that 
way,  at  the  diflaucc  of  jo  leagues  ;  and 
is  higher  tlian  the  Peak  of  TentrifE.'.  its 
top  is  always  covered  witii  foow,  and  its 
border  adorned  with  lar^e  Ci:(iar3,  piiie, 
and  other  trees  of  vahvtbic  \vUvjd,  which 
make  the  profpcrt  of  it  eveiy  vuy  bean. 
tiful.  It  is  90  miles  E  of  the  city  or  Mex- 
ico. 

Poionca,  a  mountain  in  iCoftii«r:.pton 
CO.  Pcnnfylvauia,  a»  miles  N  W  ol  ••.-d- 
ton. 

Poland,  a  poft  town  in  Cumbcrlani^  ;<). 
Maine,  30  miles  N  of  PoitLtud.  k  ]■:% 
i.iiS  inhabitants.  The  Liitle  Am,:.;.- 
koggin  River  runs  through  thi.s  town,  ■■  i 
divi<les  it  in  nearly  equal  halves.  e 
chain  of  pouds.  called  the  '•'  Rwige  Poa,.'^," 
in  this  town,  flow  into  the  laitle  AiiiMrif- 
koggin,  about  5  miles  from  its  confluenee 
with  the  Great  Amariikoggin.  r'hc 
northern  part  of  this  town  is  now  Mmof. 
PoUiflcs  JJlanJ,  a  fmill  rocky  illand, 
about  80  or  100  rods  iu  circumference, 
at  the  northern  entrance  of  the  High 
Lands  in  Hudfon  Riv^r ;  remarkable  on- 
ly as  the  place  where  failors  require  a 
treat  of  perfons  who  have  never  before 
paiTcd  the  river. 

PvmalaSa^'A  village  in  the  jurifditflion  of 
the  town  of  Guafuntos,  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  famous  for  the  ruins  of  a  fortrert 
built  by  the  Incas,  or  aucient  emperors  of 
Peru. 

Pomfrct,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  contaiuliig  1,106  inhabitants. 
It  is  II  miles  W  of  the  ferry  on  Connedli- 
cut  River,  in  the  town  of  Hartford,  aud 
64  N  E  of  Bennington. 

Ponfict,  a  pod  town  of  Connedlicut,!ii 
Windham  co.  It  is  40  milts  E  by  N  ot' 
Hartford,  66  .^  W  of  Bofton,  and  464  N 
£  of  Philadelphia  ;  and  contains  a  Coif 
gregatiunal  church.  It  is  an  excellent 
townllnip  ;  the  houfes  ate  handfome,  and 
the  farms  well  cultivated.  It  was  firft 
fettled  in  xdZit  by  emigrants  from  Rox- 
bury.  It  was  part  of  the ,  Majhamo^utt 
purchafc,  and  in  17 13  it  wascre(5led  into 
a  townfliip.  Quinabaug  River  feparatc* 
it  from  Killingly  on  the  eaft.  Inhabit- 
ants i,Soa. 

PomptoHy  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jerfey,  lio« 
on  Ringwood,  a  branch  of  Pailaik  River, 
abo4it  23  miles  N  W  of  N.  York  city. 

Pomfsy,  a  poft  town  in  Onondago  ca 
N.  York,  incorporated  in  1794.  It  ii:i» 
j,3'52  inhabitants. 

P(jiif.on.     See  EdjJIo  Rivir,  S.  Carolina. 
PviiU^ai  trjiii,  a  lake  of  \V.  Floruia,  on 


the  fartei 

tiful  fliec 

R  with  tl 

Miffifippi 

pas  and  II 

"I'les  long 

with  man 

places  h  ai 

«)unt  of  I 

beach  h 

fockle  fljci 

fuffieicot  u 

adjacent  co 

j*  from  IS  ( 

ing  creeks  I 

Tangipaho, 

Chefun«a«, ; 

tile  ifland  . 

mouth  of  wl 

Bayou  k  of  S( 

*^e  fame  fid 

*ho  formeri' 

Jhis  Jake,  chi* 

making  pitch 

raifing  ftock, 

yery  favoural 

Ptnteharirdi 
fxot,  8  by  W  ( 
W  of  Hocguai 

fonttjue,  or 
roaft  of  Mexi 
f ape  Corientci 
«le  Valdcras. 
»nd»of  its  nan 
"lerc  are  aifo 
I'onteqne,  ao  k 
Matanchel. 

Po»r  Galley,  j 
galley  between 
Mountains. 

Poojtau  Laii, 
miles  long,  and 
contains  4  or 
^hich  lias  90  ; 
*•»"»  .1  miles  1( 
«««u  River,  whi 
'hrough  J  of  th 
f^,  and  falU  j, 
''de.  oppofit€  M; 
P*ouff,tmfuci,  a 
[uns  a  foutherJ}. 
I  '-"nnce^icut  Riv 
^■I'net,   near   th< 
""le  falls.     It   Js 
h«edforthcqu« 
f'""  it  produces. 

y«tUd  20  miles 
'""'nfliip,  in  ,^^ 

'•t.  I. 


•.pton 


by  N  I'i 
id  464  w 
ins  a  Coii- 

excellc-nt 
Ifome,  and 

was  firft 
from  Rox 
[ajhamogiitt 
Uaed  into 

feparatcj 

Inhahi^- 

|erfey,  li«' 
Talk  Rivu', 
Ik  city. 
])udago  CO. 

L.  It  iv.>» 

ICarolina. 

L'loiida,  0" 


POO 

the  faftcrn  divtlion  of  Loutfiana,  a  beuU' 
tiful  flieet  of  water,  which  c»inm<inicatcs 
fi  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W  with 
Milfifippi  River,  through  Lake  Maure- 
pas  and  Ibberville  River.  It  is  about  40 
miles  long,  and  24  broad.  It  is  furroundcd 
with  marfhes.  and  the  landing  in  many 
placet  is  attended  witli  difficulty,  on  ac< 
count  of  mud.  Towards  the  E  end,  the 
beach  h  compofcd  of  large  bodies  of 
rockle  fliells,  h-on)  which  lime  is  made 
fufficient  to  fupply  New-Orleans  and  the 
adjacent  country.  Tlie  water  of  the  lake 
is  from  la  to  (8  feet  deep.  The  follow- 
ing creeks  fall  into  it  on  the  N  fide,  viz. 
Tangipaho,  and  Le  Comble,  4  feet  deep  ; 
Chefundta,  7  ;  and  Oonfouca,  6;  and  from 
the  $fland  of  Orleans,  Tigalioc,  at  the 
mouth  of  which  was  a  fmall  poll.  The 
Bayouk  of  St.  John  alfu  communicates  on 
the  fame  fide.  The  French  inhabitants, 
who  formerly  refided  on  the  N  fide  of 
this  lake,  chiefly  employed  themfelves  in 
making  pitch,  tar,  and  turpentine,  and 
failing  ftock,  for  which  the  country  is 
very  favourable.    See  Afaurt/iat. 

HuUbiHt  &  ElUcoH, 

PontcbartraU,  an  illand  in  Lake  Supe- 
rior, S  by  W  of  Maurepai  liland,  and  N 
W  of  Hocquart  Ifland. 

Ptia*  di  jDio.    See  Ateyajue. 

PoHltfue,  or  Pantique,  a  point  on  the  W 
roaft  of  Mexico,  10  leagues  N  by  £  of 
Cape  Corientes,  between  which  is  the  bay 
lie  Valderas.  W  of  it  are  two  fmall  ifl- 
»nds  of  its  name,  a  league  from  the  main. 
There  are  alfo  rocks,  called  the  Rocks  of 
Ponteqite,  20  leagues  S  W  of  the  port  of 
Matanchel. 

Poor  FalUy,  a  Very  long  and  narrow 
valley  between  Slanlcy  Valley  and  Clinch 
Mountains. 

Poofiau  Lake,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine,  9 
miles  long,  and  from  t  to  4  wide,  and 
contains  4  or  5  idands ;  the  Urged  of 
which  has  90  acres.  By  an  outlet  of 
about  3  miles  long,  it  empties  into  Poo- 
fliau  River,  which  runs  about  15  miles 
through  3  of  the  newly  iurvcyed  town- 
lliipt,  and  filiri  into  Penobfcot  on  the  W 
fide,  oppofitc  Marlh's  Itland. 

Ptoufntmfuck,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
runs  a  foutherly  courfe,  and  talh  into 
Connecticut  River  in  the  townfliip  of 
Biirnet,  near  the  Lower  bar  of  the  15 
mile  falls.  It  is  ico  yardn  wide,  and 
noted  for  the  qutniity  and  quality  of  fal- 
pmn  it  produces.  On  this  river,  which 
i»  fettltd  ao  miles  up,  arc  foin:  of  the  bcft 
townHiips  in  the  State. 

V«u.  I  L  J.  I 


P  O  R 

Pol>a  MaJre,  a  town  of  S.  Anicrici*,  iu 
Terra  Firma,  5c  miles  E  of  Carthagtna. 
Nlat.  10  13,  Wloiig.  74  3*. 

Popayan,  a  province  of  S.  America,  in 
Ntw-Gninada,  about  400  mi':s  in  kngth 
and  300  in  breadth.  Th<  ccuiitiy  isuii- 
hcilthy,  hut  vaft  quantities  of  gold  are 
found  iu  it.  It  i«  fllil  moftly  iu  poillilion 
of  tlic  native  AniericaUH. 

Popayan,  the  Capital  of  the  al>ovc  prov- 
ince, and  a  bifliop't,  fct,  inlubitcdchitilr 
by  Creoles.  It  is  %io  miles  N  E  of  (^1- 
to,  and  contains  lo.coo  fouls. 

Pfplar  Spring,  in  the  N  W  p.irt  of  Ann 
Arundel  co.  Maryland,  near  a  brook,  3 
miles  S  of  the  W  branch  of  Patnpfco  Riy. 
er,  on  the  high  road  from  Daltimore  to 
Frederickftown,  about  27  miles  Wot  Bal- 
timore, and  41  N  W  of  Ann.-if>oIis. 

PcpUn,  a  townfliip  of  N.  HMmpfliire,  in 
Rockingham  co.  12  miles  W  of  Exeter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  17<;4,  and  contains 
408  inhabitants. 

Poquie  CliouJie,  a  low  flat  point  between 
the  gilt  of  Chcpagan  and  the  viilnge  of 
Caraf  uet,on  the  fouthern  fide  of  Chalcur 
Bay.  It  is  about  4  leagues  diftant  from 
the  gut,  in  a  S  W  direiftion.  The  ifland 
of  Caraquct,  at  the  fame  diflance  from 
the  gut,  lies  in  a  W  direcElion  from  the 
main.  The  village  is  about  3  leagues  in 
extent ;  its  plantations,  &c.  has  a  church, 
and  a  number  of  inhabitants,  all  Roman 
Catholics.  The  oyiler  and  cud  fiflieries 
are  carried  on  here. 

Porcat,  or  Ifland  of  H»9s,  Wei  E  of  St. 
Sebaftian's  Ifland,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil^ 
and  40  miles  E  of  the  Bay  of  Saints. 

Piiteas,  Morra  dtt  or  Itog^t  Strand,  on 
the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mexico,  is  N  of  Point 
Higuerra,  the  S  W  point  of  the  pcniafula 
which  forms  the  Bay  of  Panan^a.  From 
tlience  fliips  ufuallytake  their  departure, 
to  yo  S  for  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

Poteo,  a  jurifdidlion  of  S.  America,  iu 
the  province  of  Charcos,  beginning  at  the 
VV  end  of  the  town  of  Potofi,  about  a.( 
leagues  from  the  city  of  La  Plata,  and 
ixttr^ding  about  20  leagues. 

Ptirco,  a  town  in  the  above  jurifdirtion; 
W  >f  the  mines  of  Potull.  S  lai.  19  40, 
VV  long>  64  50. 

Pur.upim,  Capt.     See  B'o',trnrJo-:un, 

Potpo.fc,  Cap.;  on  the  coaft  of  York  co. 
Maine,  is  7  leagues  N  by  F.  of  (';ipc  Ned- 
dock,  and  5  S  "W  of  Wood  li'and.  It  is 
known  by  the  highlands  of  Ivenncbunk, 
which  lit  to  the  N  W  of  it.  A  vcfTcl  that 
draws  10  feet  warer  will  In;  .i^ioiind  at 
lg\T  watur  iu  t4ic  bat  hour  hue.     It  is  fo 

natifjw. 


I 


v- 


.^ 


FOR 


) 


,.rfftrrov,  that  a  vefTal  cannot  tiirb  rcund  ; 
^  is  within  loo  yards  of  the  fca,  and  fecure 
from  all  winds,  whether  you  have  an- 
chor or  not. 

Portagey  le  Grand,  on  Lake  Superior,  in 
U.  Canada,  leads  from  the  N  £  of  that 
lake  to  a  chain  of  fmaller  lakes,  on  the 
communication  to  the  northwcftern  trad* 
ing  ports. 

Pifrtage,  Point,  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
Brunfwick,  and  in  the  S  W  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  forms  the  N  limit 
of  Miramichi  Bay,  as  Point  Ecoumenac 
does  the  S. 

Port  Amber/,  a  bay  on  the  S  E  coaft  of 
Kova-Scotia,  S  W  of  Port  Rofeway,  and 
.17  miles  N  E  of  Cape  Sable. 

PoYt  Angel,  a  harbour  on  the  W  coaft 

of  Mexico,  about  half  way  between  St. 

Pbdro  and  Compoftclla.     It  is  a  broad 

and  open  bay,  liaving  good  anchorage, 

'  but  bad  landing.    N  lat.  13  3»,  W  long. 

97  4. 

Port  Antihh,  in  the  N  E  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  Ires  W  by  N  of  the  N 
£  point ;  having  Fort  George  and  Davy 
Ifland  on  the  W,  and  Wood's  Ifland  £. 
It  is  capable  of  holding  a  large  fleet ;  and 
if  it  trere  fortified  and  accommodated 
for  refitting  fhips  of  war,  would  be  of 
great  importance,  as  it  is  only  36  leagnes 
W  of  Cape  Tiburon  in  St,  Domingo,  and 
Opens  direcStly  into  the  Windward  Paf- 
fage.  The  town  of  Titchfield  lies  on  this 
bay. 

Porta  Maria,  in  the  N  £  part  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  is  S  £  from  Gallina  Point. 

Porta  Pert,  on  the  N  W  fide  of  the  ifl- 
ind  of  Newfoundland ;  the  S  entrance  in- 
to which  is  10  or  12  leagues  from  Cape 
St.  Gtorge. 

Port  au  Prince,  a  jurifdidton  and  fca- 
port,  at  the  head  of  the  Great  Bay  or 
.  Bight  of  Leogane,  in  the  W  part  of  St. 
Domiiigo.  The  town,  which  is  feated  on 
the  head  of  the  bay,  is  the  feat  of  the 
French  government  in  time  of  peace,  and 
a  place  of  confiderable  trade.  Though 
Angularly  favoured  with  the  £  winds,  it 
was  ipng  the  tomb  of  the  unhappy  Euro- 
peans, in  confcquence  of  the  diificultjr  of 
obtaining  good  water.  B^  the  exertions 
of  M.  de  Marbois,  who  reuded  here  about 
5  years,  in  conftrudting  fountains,  public 
fcafons,  and  airy  prifons,  the  place  has  be- 
come far  more  healthy  and  delirable. 
The  jurifdidbion  contains  6  pariflies,  and 
its  exports  from  Jan.  r,  1789,  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  as  follow :  2497 ,351 
Ij^  wbit«  lugar;  44,7t6,}}6  lbs.  brown 


P  0  R 

fugar  ;  17,829,434  lbs.  cofltce  ;  1,878,999 
lbs.  cotton ;  i37.95»  lbs. indigo ;  otticr  ar- 
ticles, as  hides,  molaiTcs,  fpirits,  &e.  to  the 
value  of  8,a48J  livres.  The  total  value 
of  dutiA  en  the  above  articles  on  expor- 
tation was  189,945  dolls.  46  cants.  Thi» 
fine  town  was  nearly  burnt  down  by  the 
revolting  negroes,  in  Nov.  and  Dec.  1791. 
It  is  only  fit  for  a  fliipping  place  for  the 
product  of  the  adjacent  country,  and  for 
that  of  the  rich  plains  of  the  Cat  de  Sac 
to  the  northward.  The  ifland  of  Oonave 
to  the  weftward  would  enable  a  fquadron 
to  block  up  the  port.  The  line  of  com- 
munication between  Port  au  Prince  and 
the  town  of  St.  Domingo,  is  by  the  {Mnds, 
and  through  the  towns  of  Neybe,  Azua, 
Bani,  &c. ;  the  diftance  from  Port  aa 
Prince  to  St.  Dominj^  city  being  69 
leagues  E  by  S.  To  fliorten  this  way  a 
little,  and  particularly  '  to  render  it  lefs 
difagreeablc,  one  may  orofs  tlie  Brackifh 
Pond  in  a  canoe..  Port  au  Prince  is  7 
leagues  E  by  N  of  the  town  of  Leogane, 
and  about  50  8  by  Z.  as  the  voad  runsi 
from  Port  de  Paii.  N  lat.  18  34,  W  long, 
from  Paris  74  45. 

Pott  Bapjk^,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  S  E  of  Pitt's  Iftind,  and  N 
W  of  Pbint  Bukarelli. 

Port  Cabanmiion  the  N  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  (hiba,  lies  E  by  M  of  Bahia  Hondu, 
and  W  of  Port  Mariel. 

Port  Dauphin,  a  bay  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton,  about  18  leagues  S  by  Wot' 
Cape Rayein  Newfoundland. 

Port  A  Frantoit,  a  harbour  on  the  N  TV 
coaft  of  N.  America^lat.  58  37  N,  long. 
139  50  W.  In  the  vicinity  aro  feverat 
tribes  of  favages.  Their  women  fpin  and 
weave  the  hair  of  animals  into  decent 
cloth ;  hats  and  bafkets  of  reeds  are  form- 
ed with  fkill.  The  men  forge  iron,  fafli* 
ion  copper,  and  make  tolerable  engrav- 
ings of  men  and  animals  in  wood  and 
ftone.  They  inlay  boxes  with  mother  of 
pearl.  A  dagger,  a  wooden  lance,  ftiarp- 
ened  and  hardened  in  the  fire,  or  pointed 
with  iron ;  a  bow  and  arrows  tipped  with 
copper,  are  the  ufual  weapons.  Their 
canoes  are  30  f .  .  long,  4  broad,  6  deep, 
covered'  with  feai-flcins.  They  are  excef* 
fively  prone  to  gaming  ;  it  gives  them  a 
fad|  melancholy  appearance.  Their  mu- 
fie  is  melodious,  but  plaintive.  Vegeta- 
tion here  is  rapid,  and  feveral  kinds  of 
ufcful  vegetables  and  berries  grow  fpnn- 
taneoufly.  Pines  are  18  feet  round,  and 
14^  feet  high.  Trout,  falmon,  and  ihell' 
fifli  are  abundant  in.  thck  ftreams  aud 

b»y« 


PO  R 


PO  R 


8.99* 
er  at- 
Lothc 
value 
ixpor- 
Thi» 
hy  the 

,  I79»- 
or  the 
ind  for 
deSac 
}onave 
aadron 
:»t  corn- 
see  and 
!  ponds, 
;,  Anua, 
Port  aa 
ting  69 
)  way  » 
cr  it  lefa 
Brackilh 

ince  «»  7 
Leoganci 
yni  runsi 
,,Wlong. 


bayi.  They  file  down  their  teeth  level 
with  their  gutn»-  They  burn  their  dead, 
excepting  the  head,  which  is  wrapped  in 
ikips,  placed  in  a  kind  of  bo^^,  and  fuf- 
peudcd  on  poles.  Their  morals  are  fi)f- 
iiciently  abominable  to  endear  thein  to 
modern  iali4el<<  They  are  n\oii  filthy 
and  difguding,  never  wafliiiig  the  vefl'el, 
which  4nfwer»  for  kettle,  diOi  and  plate. 
They  {how  no  fympathy  for  otliers  in 
^iftrefs.  They  will  rob  their  bed  friends. 
They  fccm  to  worfhip  the  fun.  Their 
women  offering  theinf^lves  to  failors,  pre- 
fer the  open  fliore  to  the  concealment  of 
tlicforefK  bo  degraded  it  fallen  manwhere 
be  ip  nu|.  again  exalted  by  the  gofpel ;  fo 
>bru(al  wh&re  he  is  not  iuftruded  by  the 
prophet  of  Bcthleh^n*  Fancouver, 

Port  dt  Faix,  ajuiifdidlion  and  feaport 
on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
towards  the  weftem  end,  and  oppoiite 
the  ifland  of  Tortue,  4  leagues  diftant. 
The  jurilditHuon  contains  7  pariOiesj  the 
exports  from  which,  from  Jap.  i,  1789  to 
Pec.  3  ^ ,  of  the  f Anie  year,  were  a^  follow : 
331,900  lbs.  white  fugar ;  JiStSO'^  ^hs. 
brown  fygar ;  I,957,6i^lb8.  coffee ;  3.ii»54 
lbs.  cotton ;  :^9,i3t  lbs.  indigo.  The  du- 
ties qn  exportation  of  the  above  amount- 
ed to  9407  dollar^  60  ccntr-  It  is  30 
MgUfs  N  of  St.  MarH,  17  E  by  N  of  the 
^Wt  and  igi  wefiward  of  Cape  Fran- 
cpis.  B^lat.X954,Wlong.froinP8ri«7Jia. 
P«rt  dt  la  Clujdier»,on  the  S  coaft  of  St. 
^omiiigo,  )ies  at  the  ea^m  entrance  of 
the  ^Ay  of  dcoa,  which  is  18  leagues  W 
iity,  S  of  the  city  of  St  Domiqgo.  This 
port  is  large,  open,  and  deep  ^noy^h  to 
«^t  veiielsilof  4ny  burden. 

Pitrt  Deftre,  a  harbour  on  the  E  coaft 
of  Patagonia,  S.  America,  where  v^flfls 
fuineUm^i  touch  in  their  paflage  to  the 
S.  Sea.  It  is  itbout  150  miles  N  E  of  Port 
St.  Julian.    S  lat.  47  6,  W  long.  64  24. 

^ort  du  Frik  <, »  |own  on  the  northern 
coaft  pf  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  having  a  good 
haxi)04r<  The  town  Qands  in  a  large 
neadow,  where  th?  Spaniards  feed  nu- 
iQcrous  herds  of  cattle. 

Pfft  ^mitt,  «n  the  N  coad  of  one  of 
tho  Falkland  Ifles,  and  towards  the  "W 
eod  of  that  coaft  It  is  one  of  the  moft 
cktenlive  and  commodious  harbours  in 
the  world ;  lb  that  it  has  been  afferted 
that  the  whole  navy  uf  Great-Britain 
laight  ride  fe^urely  m  it.  Commodore 
Byron  difcovered  this  excellent  harbour 
)p  177^,  on  being  lent  to  take  poffefllon 
uf  the  illands  for  the  Britifli  government. 
fart  Slis^ttlb,  Cumbctliind  co.  N.  Jer- 


fey.    Here  is  a  pod  office  ao6tniIetfroiA 
Wafhington. 

Forttr,  a  lake  of  Nova-Scotia,  which 
empties  itfcif  into  the  ocean,  5  leagues 
eaiVivard  of  Halifax.  It  is  15  miles  in 
length,  and  half  a  mile  in  width,  with 
iHands  in  it, 

Pcrttrfield,  a  fmall  fettlemcnt  in  York 
CO.  Maine.     It  has  27  2  inhabitants. 

Foriero,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  empties 
intp  tlic  fea  at  the  city  of  Baldivia. 

Fort  Jufiifn,  or  Fort  St.  Julian,  a  har- 
bour on  the  E  coafl  of  Patagonia,  in  S. 
America,  1  jo  miles  S  by  W  of  Port  De- 
fire.  It  has  a  free  and  open  entrance, 
and  fait  is  fouqd  near  it.  The  continent 
is  not  above  iQO  leagues  broad  here,  lie- 
fides  fait  ponds,  here  are  plenty  of  wild 
cattle,  horfes,  Peruvian  flieep,  and  wild 
dogs  i  but  the  water  is  bad.  S  luc.  49^  10, 
W  long.  68  44- 

Furtland,  a  pofttown  and  port  pf  entry, 
in  Cumberland  co.  Maine.  It  is  the  lath- 
ed town  in  Maine,  and  is  fuuated  on  a 
promontory  in  Cafcp  Bj  y,  and  was  for- 
merly a  part  of  Faln^outh.  It  is  jo  miles 
S  by  W  of  Wjfcaflet,*nd  ;  23  from  Boftoa. 
In  July,  1786,  this  part  of  the  town,  be- 
ing the  npft  populous  and  mercantile, 
and  fituated  on  the  harbour^  together 
with  the  illaitds  which  belong  to  Fal- 
mouth, was  incorporated  by  the  pame  of 
Portland.  It  has  a  moft  e?ccellci>t,  fafe, 
and  capacious  Ivitbour,  which  is  fcldom 
or  never  completely  frozc^  over.  It  Is 
ne^r  the  main  ocean,  apd  is  cafy  of  a;- 
cefs.  The  inhabitapts  carry  on  a  confid- 
erablc  foreign  trade,  build  mips,  and  are 
largely  concerned  in  the  filhcry.  It  is 
one  of  the  molt  thrivine  commercial 
tpwns  in  the  Commonwestlth  of  MaHii- 
chufetts.  Here  are  two  banks,  by  the 
p^mes  of  PortL-tnd  and  Maine  iQanks.  It 
is  contemplated  to  complete,  t^  road,  al- 
ready in  fnrwardnefs,  from  D^oviUc,  in 
Vermont,  through  Bath,  in  N.  Hampfliirc, 
and  under  the  northerly  (idc  of  Moofi;- 
hillock  Mountain,  and  tiiepcc  to  this 
town.  The  dlftance  from  Bath  is  jiboui/- 
100  mil^s.  This  road  will  in  time,  prob- 
ably, turn  the  trade  of  all  thiti  northern 
country  to  Portland*  Although  three- 
fourths  af  it  was  laid  in  afhe^  by  ^|)v 
Britifii  fleet  in  (775*  it  hasfince  Ixen' en- 
tirely rebuilt,  and  contains  3,704  iuhab- 
itants.  Among  its  public  buildings  are 
3  churches,  2  for  Congregntionalifts,  and 
I  for  £pif(opalian3,  and  a  han^omc 
court  houre.  A  light  hoiife  was  crcdtcil 
in  1790,  on  a  point  of  land  calUd  Fort- 
land 


;  \\ 


MM 


'Jli 


* 


*:'i; 


■  Vi 

■  ■■  t. 


^1 

■  i.  1 


P  0  R 

had  Head,  «t  the  entrance  of  the  htN 
bour.  It  is  a  Aone  edifice,  ^  z  feet  high, 
ciciuflve  of  the  lantern,  and  (tands  in 
l^'-  43  39*  N,  and  long.  69  51  W.  The 
following  directions  are  to  be  obferved 
in  coming  into  (he  harbour.  Bring  the 
light  to  l^ar  N  N  W,  then  run  for  It.ai- 
Ijwing  a  fmall  dilUnce  on  the  larboard 
hand ;  and  when  abread  of  the  fame, 
then  r«n  N  by  W.  This  rourfe  will  give 
good  anchorage  from  half  a  mile  to  a 
mile  and  a  half.  No  variation  of  the 
( ompafs  is  allowed,  The  works  tretfled 
'"  1795^  for  the  defence  of  Portland,con- 
fift  of  a  fort,  a  citadel,  a  battery  for  10 
pieces  of  cannon,  an  artilltry-ftore,  a 
gnard-houfr,  an  air  fqrnace  for  heating 
Slot,  and  a  covered  way  from  the  fort  to 
the  battery. 

PittUnd  Head,  in  Cafcn  Bay,  Maine, 
the  promontory  00  which  the  light  houfe 
above  defcTibed  (lands.  From  the  light 
houfe  to  Alden's  Ledge,  is  4  leagues  S  S 
£.  High  water  in  Portland  harbour,  at 
full  and  change,  45  minutes  after  10 
o'clock.    Sec  Ptrtland. 

Portland  Point,  on  the  S  coad  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Jamaica,  and  the  mod  foutherly 
land  in  it,  lie»  iq  lat.  17  48  ^,  and  long. 
V  4»  W, 

PortlocVt  HarSrur,  on  the  N  W  coaft 
of  N.  America,  lias  a  narrow  entrance. 
The  middle  of  the  entrance  lies  in  lat.  ^7 
43  30,  and  long.  156  41  3<^  W. 

Pott  Marfuii,  a  harbour  on  the  coaA 
of  Mexico,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  3 
miles  £  of  Acapulco,  where  Ihips  from 
feru  frequently  land  their  contraba^id 
£ocds.     N  lat.  17  47,  W  long.  io»  z6. 

Porto  Bellof  a  feaport  town  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, having  a  good  harbour  on  the  nor- 
thern iide  of  the  Ifthmus  of  Parien,  in 
the  province  of  Terra  Firma  Proper, 
nearly  oppofitc  to  Panama  on  the  fouth- 
crn  fide  of  the  iflhrnus.  ft  is  Qtuated  cicfe 
to  the  fea,  on  the  declivity  of  a  mountain 
■which  furrounds  the  whole  harbour.  It 
^bounds  with  reptiles  in  the  rainy  feafon, 
und  at  all  times  is  very  unhealthy;  and 
is  chiefly  inhabited  by  people  of  colour, 
and  negroes.  It  was  taken  by  Admiral 
Vernon  in  1741,  who  demoliflied  the 
fortifications,  N  lat.  9  34  35,  W  long,  8i 
tit.  As  this  town  may  probably  foon  be- 
come a  bone  of  contention,  and  perhaps 
change  its  mailers,  the  following  account 
of  it,  which  not  long  fince  appeared  in  a 
l^ojidon  paper,  may  he  acceptable.  "This 

•  Otbtr  accounts  fj^  44  %. 


?  O  R 

town,  fo  thinly  inhabited  by  reafon  of  in 
noxious  air,  the  fcarcity  of  provifions, 
and  the  barrennefs  of  its  foil,  becomes,  at 
the  time  of  the  galleons,  one  of  the  mofl: 
populous  places  in  all  S.  America.  Its 
Ittuation  on  the  ifthmus  betwixt  the  S  and 
N  fea,  the  goodneff  of  its  harbour,  and 
its  fmall  dilUnce  from  Panama,  have  giv« 
en  it  the  preference  for  the  rendezvous 
of  the  joint  commerce  of  Spain  and  Peru, 
at  its  fair. 

On  advice  being  received  at  Carthage'^ 
na,  that  the  Peru  fleet  has  unloaded  at 
Panama,  the  galleons  make  the  bed  of 
their  way  to  Porto  BeNo,  in  order  to 
avoid  the  didempcrs  which  have  their 
fourre  froin  idlenefs.  The  concourfe  of 
people,  on  this  occalioQ,  is  fo  great  as  to 
raife  the  rent  of  lodging  to  an  exceffive 
degree ;  a  middling  chamber,  with  a  clofi 
et,  lets,  during  the  fair,  for  a  thoufand 
crowns,  aad  fome  large  houfes  for  four, 
Qve,  or  fix  thoufand. 

The  (hips  are  no  fooner  moored  in  the 
harbour,  than  the  fird  work  is,  tu  cre<fl, 
in  the  fquare,  a  ten^,  made  of  the  ibip's 
fails,  for  receiving  its  cargo ;  at  which 
the  proprietors  of  the  goods  are  prefent, 
in  ordef  to  find  the  bales,  by  the  marks 
which  didinguifli  them.  Thefip  bales  are 
drawn  on  dedgec,  to  their  rcfpedlive  pla- 
ces, hy  the  crew  of  every  (hip,  and  the 
money  given  them  is  propprtionably  di'- 
vided.  Whild  the  feamen  and  European 
traders  are  thus  employed,  the  land  it 
covered  with  droves  of  mules  from  Pa- 
'i)ama,  each  drove  confiding  of  above 
an  hundred,  loaded  with  che(h  of  gold 
and  filver,  on  account  of  the  merchanii 
of  Peru.  Some  unload  them  at  the  ex- 
change, others  in  the  middle  of  the  fquare; 
yet,  amidd  the  hurry  and  confufion  of 
Aich  crowds,  no  theft,  lofs  or  didurbanrr, 
is  ever  known.  He  who  has  feen  this 
place  during  the  t'umpt  muerfoy  or  dead 
time,foIitary,poor,and  a  perpetual  filence 
reigning  every  where,  the  harbour  quite 
empty,  and  every  place  wearing  a  mel- 
ancholy afpe<St,  tnud  be  filled  with  aftoii- 
iflimcnt  at  the  fudden  change,  to  fee  the  | 
budling  multitudes,  every  houfe  crowded, 
the  fquare  and  drcets  encumbered  with  I 
bales  and  cheds  of  gold  and  filver  of  all  | 
kinds:  the  harbour  full  of  iliips  and  ve^ 
fels,  fome  bringing,  by  the  way  of  Rio  I 
de  Chape,  the  goods  of  Peru,  as  cacao, f 
quinquina,  or  Jcfuits' bark,  Vienna  woo', I 
and  hezoar  done?;  others  coming  fromf 
Carthagena,  loaded  with  provifions;  and! 
thus  a  iuot,  at  all  other  tim(s  dett^ed  !c'\ 

m 


its  dcleti 

pie  of 

world,  a 

confider; 

the  whol 

The  fl 

•nerchani 

prcfident 

comes  un 

purpofe  t 

ties  repaii 

the  galltc 

comniodoi 

tna(thefo 

aof,  and  tl 

prices  of  tJ 

ire  fettled 

adjufted  in 

coutradls  : 

that  every 

t/Jem  in  th( 

fraud  is  pr< 

faies,  as  likt 

are  tranfatf 

Spain  and  V 

begins  to  dil 

ilh  brokers 

money,  and  1 

the  goods  thi 

called  chatas 

Chagre,    Aii 

|o  ends. 

Formerly 
particular  tii 
fuch  a  fickly  j 
health  of  the 
tranfmitted  a 
not  lad  above 
that  in  whic 
chor  in  the  hj 
'pace  of  time 
agree  in  their 
be  allowed  to 
country  tp  P 
commodore  o 
'tembark  thcj 
gcna;  otherwi 
pet  wccn  them 
and  ratified  by 
dcr  is  to  fend 
count,  beyond 
contrary,  thofc 
•nittanccs  to  Sc 
there. 

Whild  the  M 
'end  an  annual 
"if",  flic  ulcd  t( 
^a'go  on  her  o, 
nrft  to  touch  at 
Wga|qne\vasm 


n  of  in 
vifinnti 
imes,  at 
\c  mod 
ca.  lt« 
it  S  and 
ur,  and 
avc  giv» 
dezvout 
id  Peru, 

larthage* 
ni<ded  at 
•  bcft  of 
order  to 
^vc  their 
courfc  of 
real  as  to 

exceffrve 
ith  a  clofi 

thoufand 
I  for  four, 

)red  in  th? 
I,  to  «rc<ft, 
the  fliip's 
at  which 
ft  prefcnt, 
the  mark* 
fe  bales  are 
pcAive  pla- 
ip,  and  the 
ionably  dit- 
d  Europcai; 
he  land  i« 
es  from  Pa- 
g  of  above 
efts  of  gold 
merchantt 
at  the  ex- 
fthefquare; 
confufion  of 
diftprbancr, 
as  feen  tbi* 
r/o,  or  dead 
ctual  lilence 
irbowr  quite 
aring  a  mel- 
with  aftou- 
.,  to  fee  the 
_afe  crowded, 
nbered  with 
filver  of  all 
lip  and  vc('  I 
way  of  R""  I 
u,  as  cacao,  I 
Vienna  woo'iF 
;oming  it»^[ 
vifions;  audi 
dctefted  fo'l 

m 


FOR 

its  dcleterioui  qualities,  becomes  th«  (U    ' 
pie  of  the  riches  of  the  old  and  new 
world,  and  the  fcene  of  one  of  the  mnft 
confidcriible  branches  of  commerce  on 
the  whole  earth. 

The  fliips  being  unloaded,  and  the 
merchants  of  Peru,  together  with  the 
prcfident  of  Panama,  arrived,  the  fair 
comet  under  deliberation ;  and  for  this 
purpofe  the  deputies  of  the  feverai  par- 
ties repair  on  board  the  commodore  of 
the  galleons,  where,  in  prefence  of  the 
commodore,  and  the  prcfident  of  Pana- 
ma (the  former,  as  patron  of  the  Europe- 
anf,  and  the  latter,  of  the  Peruvians)  the 
prices  of  the  feveral  kinds  of  mcrchandife 
are  fettled;  and  all  preliminaries  being 
adjufted  in  three  or  four  meeting*,  the 
coutraAs  are  figncd  and  made  public, 
that  every  one  may  conformi  himfelf  to 
t|)em  in  the  fa|e  of  his  efFetfts.  Thus  all 
fraud  is  precluded.  The  purchafes  and 
fales,  as  likewife  the  exchanges  of  money, 
arc  tranfa<Sted  by  brokers,  both  from 
Spain  and  Peru.  After  this,  every  one 
begins  to  difpofe  of  his  goods ;  the  Span- 
ifli  brokers  embarking  their  chefts  of 
money,  and  thofe  of  Peru  fending  away 
the  goods  they  have  purchafed,  in  vefiefs 
called  chatas  and  bongos,  up  the  river 
Chagre,  And  thus  the  fair  of  Porto  Bel- 
le ends. 

Formerly  this  fair  was  limited  to  no 
particular  time;  but  as  a  long  (lay,  in 
fuch  a  fickly  place,  extremely  afletSted  the 
health  of  the  traders,  his  Catholic  m<ijefty 
tranfmitted  an  order,  that  the  fair  fliould 
not  laft  above  forty  days,  reckoning  from 
that  in  which  the  fliips  came  to  an  an- 
chor in  the  harbour  ;  and  that,  if  in  this 
fpace  of  time  the  merchants  could  not 
agree  in  their  rates,  thofe  of  Spain  ihould 
be  allowed  to  c<irry  their  goods  up  the 
country  tp  Peru ;  and  accordingly  the 
commodore  of  the  galleons  has  orders  to 
recmbark  them,  and  return  to  Cartha- 
gena ;  otherwife,  by  virtue  of  a  compadl 
Between  the  merchants  of  both  kingdoms, 
and  ratified  by  the  king,  no  Spanifli  tra- 
der is  to  fend  his  goods,  on  his  own  ac- 
count, beyond  Porto  Bellp  :  and,  on  the 
coutrary,  thofe  of  Peru  cannot  fend  re- 
mittances to  Spain,  for  purchailng  goods 
there. 

Whilft  the  Englifli  were  permitted  to 
fend  an  annual  fiiip,  called  aavto  Je  ptr- 
miffo,  flie  ufcd  to  bring  to  the  fair  a  l.trge 
targo  on  her  own  aceount,  never  failing 
firft  to  touch  at  Jamaica,  fo  that  her  load-  1 1 
iflg  a|un?  \v?s  inof?  <han  half  qf  aU  thofe  |j 


P  0  R  ^ 

brought  by  the  g.nlleon!»;  for,  bcHdes  thpt 
her  burthen  fo  far  exceeded  500  Spanilii 
tons,  that  it  was  even  more  than  900, 
flie  had  no  provifjons,  wnter,  or  other 
things,  which  fill  a  great  part  of  the  hole-; 
Ihe  indeed  took  them  in  nt  Jamaica,  from 
whence  the  was  attended  by  five  «»r  fix 
fnialkr  veflels,  loaded  with  gmids,  which, 
when  arrived  near  Porto  BtHo,  were  put 
on  board  her,  and  the  proviiions  removed 
into  the  tenders  ;  by  which  aitifire  the 
fingle  fliip  was  mule  to  carry  mure  th;4n 
five  or  fix  of  the  largcit  galleons.  1  his 
nation  having  a  free  trade,  and  felliiij; 
cheaper  than  the  Spaniards,  that  indul- 
gence was  of  infinite  detriment  to  tiic 
commerce  of  Spain. 

In  the  dead  time,  all  the  trade  flirrinj 
here  confifls  in  provituins  from  Cartha- 
gena;  and  cacao  and  quinquina,  down 
the  river  Ch.igre  :  the  tormtr  13  Cdrricd 
in  fmall  vcflcis  to  Vera  Cruz,  and  the 
quinquina  either  depofitcd  in  ware  ht»u- 
fes,  or  put  on  board  fliips,  which,  with 
permiilion,  come  from  Spain  to  Nacara- 
qua,  and  Honduras ;  thefe  fliips  alfo  take 
in  cacao.  Some  fmall  vefTcis  likewife 
come  from  the  iflands  of  Cuba,  La  Trin- 
idad and  St.  Domingo,  Tvith  cacao  and 
rum. 

Frefli  water  pours  down  in  (Ireama 
from  the  mountains,  fome  riinning  with- 
out the  town,  and  others  crolling  it. 
Thefe  waters  are  very  light  and  digeflive, 
and  in  thofe  who  are  heft  ufed  to  them, 
good  to  create  an  appetite ;  qualities, 
which  in  other  countries  would  be  very 
valuable  ;  but  are  here  pernicious.  '(  his 
country  fecnis  fo  curfed  by  nature,  that 
what  is  in  itfcif  good  becomes  here  dc- 
ftrudive.  For  doubtlefs,  this  water  in 
too  fine  and  a(Sive  for  the  ftomachs  of 
the  inhabitaiUH  ;  and  thus  produces  dv- 
fentaries,  the  lift  ftage  of  all  othir  dil- 
tempers,  aud  which  the  patient  very  fel- 
doin  fuivives.  Thefe  rivulets,  in  thtir 
defcent  from  the  mountains,  form  little 
rcfervoirs  or  ponds,  whofe  coolnefs  is  in- 
trtafcd  by  the  fhade  of  tile  trees,  and  in 
thefe  all  the  inhaliitants  of  the  town 
bathe  themlelvrs  conftantly  every  day^t 
II  in  the  morning;  and  the  £uropeaii« 
fail  not  to  follow  an  example  fo  pleaianc 
and  rcmducive  to  hcalili. 

Ai  thefe  forefts  almoft  Iwrder  on  the 
houfcs  of  the  town,  the  tigers  oiteii  make 
incurfioiis  into  tlie  ftrects  during  ttir 
night,  carrying  oil' fowls,  lioos,  and  otiitr 
domeftic  creatures ;  and  lonictinus  evcu 
boys  have  failtit  a  prey  to  them ;  and,  it 


V 


«t?M 


''% 


% 


/  *  !»  0  R 

ij  certain,  that  ravenous  beads  which  pno- 
vide  tlitmrelves  with  food  in  this  manner, 
«ire  afterwards  known  to  dcfpife  what 
the  fond  aObrds;  and,  that  after  tafting 
human  deCli,  they  (liglit  that  of  hearts. 
Bcfidcs  the  fnarcs  ufually  laid  for  them, 
the  Negroes  and  Mulatt(>e8,who  fell  wood 
in  the  foreds  of  the  mountains,  arc  very 
dexterous  ia  encountering  the  tiger;  and 
Ibmc,  even  on  account  of  the  flcndcr  re- 
ward, fceic  them  in  their  retreats.  The 
arms  in  this  combat,  feemingiyfo  danger- 
ous, are  only  a  lance,  of  a  or  3  yards  in 
length,  made  of  very  ftrong  wood,  with 
the  point  of  the  fame  hardened  in  the  fire, 
and  a  kind  of  fcimetar,  about  3  quarters  of 
a  yard  in  kngth.  Thus  armed,  they  ftay 
till  the  creature  makes  an  aflkult  on  the 
left  arn>,  whicli  holds  the  lance,  and  is 
wrapped  np  in  a  ihort  clokc  of  baize. 
Sometimes  the  tiger,  aware  of  the  danger, 
fcems  to  decline  the  combat ;  but  his  an- 
tagonifl:  provokes  htm  with  a  flight  touch 
oi  [he  lance,  in  order,  while  he  is  defend- 
ing himfeif,  to  Rrike  a  furc  blow ;  for  as 
foon  as  the  creature  feels  the  lance,  he 
grafps  it  with.  r,ne.  of  his  paws  and  with 
the  ether  ftrikeij  at  the  arm  which  holds 
it.  Then  it  is  th^s  the  perfon  nimbly 
aims  a  blo'A-  T.-.tfi  ]ii6  fcimctac,  which  he 
kept  confcalt'd  I'ith  the  other  hand,  and 
hamftrings  th-  creature,  whkh  immedi- 
ately draws  b^ick  enraged,  but/eiurns  to 
the  charge ;  when  receiving  adother  foch 
ftroke,  he  is  totally  deprived  of  his  moft 
dangerous  weapons,  and  rendered  inca- 
pable of  moving.  After  which  the  perfon 
kills  him  at  his  leifure,  and  ftrippmg  off 
the  fkin,  cutting  off  the  head,  and  the 
fore  and  hind'  feet,  returns  to  the  town, 
difplaying  thcfe  as  the  trophies  of  his 
riftory." 

Perto  Catello,  a  maritime  town  of  the 
Caraccas,  in  Terra  Firma,  South. America, 
6  leagues  from  Leon ;  chiefly  inhabited 
by  flftiermen,  failurs,  audfad^ors, 

Porto  Cavalto,  a  fea  port  town  in  Terra 
Firma,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Caraccas.  The 
Britifli  loft  many  men  here,  in  an  unfile- 
<efsful  attack  by  fea  and  land,  iu  1743. 
N  iat.  10  20,  W  long.  64  30. 

Porto  del  Pri»'.iptf  a  fcaport  on  the  N 
coafl  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  300  miles  S 
£  of  the  Havannah,  and  186  N  W  of 
Baracoa.  It  was  formerly  a  large  and 
rich  town,  but  being  taken  by  Capt. 
Morgan,  with  his  buccaneers,  after  a  (lout 
refinance,  it  never  recovered  itfclf.  Near 
it  are  feveral  fprings  of  bitumen. 

Potto  £ii9,  one  of  the  Antille  Iflaads,  j, 


P  0  R 

in  th«  %V.  Indies,  bcIoii<{ing  to  the  Span- 
iards, about  iconiiliii  lo>ig,i<nd  4obr(iad, 
and  contains  abo'tt  3,aco  ii^uare  miles. 
It  is  ao  leagues  £  S  £  of  thu  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo.  The  Iand»  iire  beautifully  di- 
vcrfified  with  wood.s,  vailics,  and  plains, 
and  are  very  fruitful,  yielding  the  fame 
produce  as  tiic  other  iflands.  I'he  ifland 
is  well  wateied  by  fprings  and  rivers,  liiu 
is  unhealthy  in  the  rainy  feafons.  Gold^ 
which  firfl  induced  the  Spaniards  to  ftt- 
tie  here,  is  ao  longer  found  in  any  cnn> 
(iderabic  quantity.  In  1778,  this  ifland 
contained  80,660  inhabitants,  of  whom 
only  6,530  were  Haves.  There  were  thtn 
recKoncd  upon  the  ifland,  77,384  head 
of  horned  cattle  }  "i-iA^S  horfcs  ;  1,515 
mules;  49,058  head  of  fmall  cattle ;  5,861 
plantations,  yielding  1,737  quintals  of  fu- 
gar;  1,163  quintals  of  cotton;  190:56 
quintals  of  rice ;  1 5,1 1 6  quintals  of  maize ; 
7,458  quintals  of  tobacco,  and  9,860  quin- 
tals ofmolafTcs. 

Porto  Jlico,  Of  St.  yuan  Jc  Porta  Rico, 
the  capital  town  of^the  ifland  of  its  name, 
flands  on  a  finall  ifland,  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Porto.  Rico,  to  which  it  is 
joined  by  a  caufeway,  citcnding  acrofs 
the  harbour,  which  is  very  fpacious,  and 
where  the  largeft  veflTels  may  lie  in  the 
utmoft  fecurity.  It  is  large  and  well 
built,  and  is  the  fee  of  a  bifhop;  and  the 
forts  and  batteries  are  fo  well  fituated 
and  flrong,  as  to  render  it  almoft  inaecef* 
fible  to  an  enemy.  It  was,  however,  ta- 
ken by  Sir  Francis  Prake,  and  afterwards 
by  the  carl  of  Cumberland.  It  is  bc^cr 
inhabited  than  mod  of  the  Spanifh  towns, 
being  the  centre  of  the  contraband  trade 
carried  on  by  the  Britiih  and  French, 
with  the  king  of  Spain's  fubjcAs.  In 
1615,  the  Dutch  took  and  plundered  this 
city;  bttt  could  nut  retain  it.  M  Iat.  it 
ao,  W  long.  6i  35.* 

Porto  Santo,  an  ifland  on  the  coad  of 
Peru,  a  league  W  N  W  of  the  port  and 
city  of  Santo  or  Santa,  nearly  oppofite  thp 
port  of  Ferol,  a  league  diftant  N,  and  9 
N  W  of  Guanape  Uland. 

Porto  Satto,  a  port  fituated  in  the  mouth 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  on  the  coafl  of 
Peru,N  N  £  of  Point  Ferol,  and  6  leagues 
S  £  of  Cape  de  Chao  or  Chau,  and  in 
Iat.  8  47  S. 

Port  Paix.    See  Port  an  Paix. 

Porto  StgurOf  a  captainfhip  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  bounded  £  by 
the  government  of  Rio  dos  Hilios  {  N  by 
the  •Soutii  Atlantic  Ocean  $  S  by  Spirits 
Sdnto,  and  W  by  the  country  of  the  Tu- 

picli 


pick  Indi« 

Porto  S, 

captainflii 

mouth  of 

inhabited 

Jong.  38  5c 

Pott  A 

Delaware, 

River,  and 

on  the  £  b 

tains  about 

miles  belofi 

Jtftdy  Ifland 

Ptrt  gey, 

Carolina,  IS 

on  the  W  b 

•ong,andal 

the  pleafimt 

•xcellent  hi 

the  largeft  < 

*f  agues  N  E 

the  mouth  ol 

.".Wlong.S 

it  is  high  w« 

*tr  paft  8  o'c 

J'trt  Royml 

tafoli,  Reytt, 

.  f<'rt  Roial, 

the  S  bank  « 

Caroline  co. 

plan,  and  c< 

which  make  j 

«g  built  of  b 

viz.  for  Epifc 

Methodifb. 

erickiburg,  an 

N  Iat.  38  ,j,  \ 

J'ort  Soyat^ 

•f  Jamaica,  fo 

fxaya,  once  a  ] 

and  importanc 

teduced  by  re| 

•feets,  a  few  L 

It  contains,  hoi 

for  heaving  dm 

£>'P»,  the  nav 

fof.a  'cgiment 

cations  are  kep 

vie  in  ftrcngth, 

fffi  in  the  Br 

eellence  of  the 

were  lb  allurin 

the  town  had  b 

dtftroyed,  (firft 

the  9th  of  June 

»re,  10  years  afl 

ncane  in  178a, 

''td)  that  the 

'ailed  upon  to 

'I'ot.    After  this 


P  O  R 

pick  Indtant.   The  country  is  very  fertile. 

P»rt9  Segur;  the  capital  of  the  above 
captainfhip,  is  on  the  top  of  a  rock,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  on  the  fea  coaft,  and 
inhabited  by  Portoguere.  S  lat.  17,  W 
long.  38  50. 

Poit  Am,  a  town  of  Newcaftle  co. 
Delaware,  on  the  W  ihore  of  Delaware 
River,  and  fcparatcd  from  Reedy  Ifland 
on  the  £  by  a  narrow  channel.  It  con- 
tains about  30  or  40  houfei,  and  lie^  50 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  See  Penn  and 
Xetdy  Ifland, 

Port  Siyal,  aa  iflaad  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  is  feparated  from  the  main  land 
on  the  W  by  Broad  River.  It  is  1 1  miles 
long,  and  about  i  broad,  and  on  it  (lands 
the  pleafant  town  of  Beaufort.  It  has  an 
excellent  harbour,  fufGcient  to  contain 
the  largell  fleet  in  the  world.  It  h  fix 
leagues  N  E  ^  E  of  Tybee  light  houfe,  at 
the  mouth  of  Savanaali  River.  N  lat.  3;* 
I3,W  long.  8054.  At  Pott  R»yat Entrance 
it  it  high  water  at  full  and  change  a  quar- 
ter paft  8  o'clock. 

Port  Roytdt  in  Nova  S«oti«.  See  An- 
lufotu  JieyaL 

Pert  Jttyal,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia,  on 
the  S  baok  of  Rappahannock  River,  in 
Caroline  co.  It  is  laiA  out  on  a  regular 
plan,  and  contains  about  zoo  honfes 
wMeh  make  a  handfome  appearance,  be- 
ing built  of  brick.  Here  are  3  churches, 
viz.  for  Epifcepalians,  PreftytCrians  and 
Methodifts.  It  is  »t  miles  S  £  of  Fred- 
erickiburg,  and  930  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

NIat.  38i3<WloBg.  77  34. 

Port  R^ah  on  the  S  fide  of  the  iftand 
«f  Jamaica,  formerly  called  Punta  de  Ca- 
fmiy*,  once  a  place  of  the  greateft  wealth 
and  importance  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  now 
reduced  by  repeated  calamities  to  three 
ftreets,  a  few  lanes,  and  about  aoo  houfes. 
It  contains,  howtvcr,the  royal  navy  yard, 
for  heaving  down,  and  refitting  the  King's 
ihips,  the  naval  hofpitai,  and  barracks 
for  a  regiment  of  foldiers.  The  fortifi- 
cations are  kept  in  excellent  order,  and 
vie  in  (Irength,  it  is  faid,  with  any  fort- 
refs  in  the  Brttifli  dominions.  The  ex- 
cellence of  the  harltour,  and  its  tituation, 
were  fo  alluring,  that  it  was  not  until 
the  town  had  been  tiiree  times  entirely 
deftroycd,  (firftby  a  terrible  earthquake, 
the  9th  of  June,  169a ;  then  by  a  great 
fire,  10  years  after,  and  laftly,  by  a  hur- 
ricane in  178s,  the  mod  terrible  on  rec- 
ord) that  the  inhabitants  could  be  pre- 
vailed upon  to  relinquifli  this  ill-fated 
ipot.    After  this  lad  calamity,  they  re- 


FOR 

folvtd  to  remove  to  thr  oppofitf  fulc  of 
the  Bay,  where  they  built  Khg/',i;  now 
the  capital  of  the  KlAiid.  In  tin;  harbouc 
of  Port  Royal,  vcflcl;*  of  700  tons  can  lie 
clofe  along  fliore.  N  lat.  18,  \V  long. 
7645. 

Port  Royal,  a  town  nnd  harlv,)ur  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinito,  Wt  t  int'.ies ;  which, 
with  St.  Peter's,  are  the  chief  i»iaccs  of 
the  ifland.     N  lat.   14  36,  W  lonj;.  61  9, 

Port  R^jal,  in  the  ifland  ut  Ocalicite. 

Pert  Royjly  au  idand  and  hAri>o«r  in 
the  S  W  part  of  the  duit"  of  Mexico,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Campe.^chy. 
The  harbour  is  18  leagues  S  W  by  S 
Cbampetan ;  and  the  iHand,  3  miles  long 
and  z  broad,  lies  W  of  the  harbnar. 

Port  St.  yobn,  a  fmall  town  in  tht  prov- 
ioce  of  Nicaragua,  in  New  Spain,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  on  tlie  Narth  Pacific 
Ocean.  The  harbour  is  fafe  and  capa- 
cious, and  IS  the  feaport  of  the  city  of 
Leon,  30  miles  to  the  S  £.  N  lat.  xa  10, 
W  long.  87  38. 

Pertjfmoutb,  the  metropolis  of  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  and  the  largeft  town  in  the  Sutc* 
and  its  only  fca-port,  is  fitnated  about  % 
miles  from  the  fea,  en  the  S  fide  of  PiC 
cataqua  River.  It  is  the  half-fliire  town 
of  Rockingham  co.  and  its  harbour  is  one 
of  the  fineft  on  the  continent,  having  a 
fufficient  depth  of  water  for  vcldeis  of 
any  burden.  It  is  defended  againft  fhirms 
by  the  adjacent  land,  in  fuch  a  maoiier, 
as  that  Ihips  may  fccurely  ride  there  in 
any  feafon  of  the  year  ;  nor  is  it  ever 
frozen,  by  reafon  of  the  f^reugih  of  the 
current,  and  narrownefs  of  the  chaoncL 
Bcfides,  the  harbour  is  fo  well  fortified 
by  nature,  that  very  little  art  will  be 
neccfTary  to  render  it  impregnable.  Its 
vicinity  to  the  fea  renders  it  very  con- 
venient for  naval  trade  A  light  houfe, 
with  a  iingle  light,  (lands  on  Ncwcatde 
Ifland,  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour, 
in  lat.  43  J  N,  and  long.  70  4 1  W.  Ships 
of  war  "have  been  built  here  ;  among 
others,  the  America,  of  74  guns,  leuncl>- 
cd  November,  1781,  and  prefentcd  to  the 
king  <:f  France,  by  the  Congrcfs  of 
the  United  States.  Portfmouth  coatainit 
j,339  inliabitants,  three  CongrcgadQn«l 
churches,  t  Epifcopal  church,  t  for  Uni- 
verfalifts,  a  State-houfe,  4  fchonl-houl- 
es,  a  work-houfc,  and  4  banks.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  ,'»n,  1794, 
amounted  to  the  value  of  153,865  dol- 
lars. A  fettlement  was  begun  here  in 
i6»3,  by  Captain  Mafon  and  other  mer- 
ehanti»  among  whom  Sir  F.  Gorge*  had 

a  Oiarc. 


*  f  mx 


•^1 


tt 


fi. 


■  j< 


ii 


M 


P  O  R 

a  fliarr.  They  dcligncd  to  carry  on  the  ' 
lifliery,  to  make  fait,  trade  with  the  na*  '. 
fives,  and  prepare  and  collcdl  lumber. 
A*  agriculture  was  only  a  fecnndary  oh- 
jedl,  the  fettlcment  failed.  The  town 
was  incorporated  in  1633.  '^  '*  lomtlet 
S  W  of  York,  %%  N  of  Ncwbury-Port, 
and  65  N  N  E  of  Bodon. 

Portfmoytb,  a  townfliip  of  good  land  on 
the  N  end  of  Rhode-Illand,  Newport  co. 
containing  1684  inhahitantt,  on  the  road 
from  Newport  to  Briftol. 

portfmoutbf  a  fmall  fea-port  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  in  Carterv't  co.  on  the  N  end  of  \ 
Core  Dank,  near  Ocrecock  Inlet.    Its  chief 
inhabitants  are  fifliermen  and  pilots. 

Port/mouth,  a  pod  town,  pieafant,  flour- 
ifliing,  and  regularly  built,  in  Norfolk  co. 
Virginia,  on  the  W  fide  of  Elizabeth  Riv> 
er,  oppofite  to  and  a  tnile  diflant  from 
Norfolk ;  both  which  conditute  but  one 
port  of  entry.  It  contained,  in  1790, 
about  300  houfes,  and  1 701  inhabitants, 
including  616  flavei.  It  is  11 1  miien  E 
by  S  of  Peterfburg,  and  333  from  Wafh- 
ington.    See  No^oit. 

Pert/mautb,  a  town  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
on  Prince  Rupert's  Bay,  between  the  fait* 
works  and  the  coaft. 

Port  Tobacco,  a  pod  town  of  Maryland, 
and  capital  of  Charles  co.  fituated  a  little 
above  the  confluence  of  two  fmall  ftreams 
which  form  the  creek  of  its  name,  which 
empties  through  the  N  bank  of  the  Pa- 
towmac,  at  Thomas's  Point,  about  four 
miles  below  the  town.  It  contains  about 
80  houfes,  and  a  large  Epifcopal  church, 
not  in  good  repair,  and  a  ware>houfe  for 
the  infpeiStion  of  tobacco.  In  the  vicini- 
ty are  the  celebrated  cold  waters  of 
Mount  Mifery.  It  is  52  miles  S  W  of 
Annapolis,  83  S  S  W  of  Baltimore,  and 
34  from  Wafliington. 

Portugal  Point.  See  Tortue. 
Pottugueft  America,  or  Brazil,  lies  be- 
tween the  equator  and  the  35th  degree 
of  8  lat.  andjbctween  35  and  60  W  long. 
On  the  coad  kre  three  fmall  iflands,  where 
ihips  touch  far  provifions  on  their  voy- 
age to  the  S.  Seas,  viz.  Fernanda,  St.  Bar- 
bare,  and  St.Catberiittj.  See  Brazil.  Since 
the  difcovery  of  the  mines  of  Brazil,  that 
is,  within  the  laft  70  or  80  years,  Portu- 
gal hits  drawn  from  Brazil  «,400  millions 
of  livres,  or  100  millions  of  pounds  fter- 
ling.  Or.TKles  thcfe  large  fums  of  money, 
ilie  receives  from  Brazil  large  quantities 
of  cocoa,  fugar,  rice,  train-oil,  wha!e- 
huoc,  cufTcc,  and  niedicinal  druj>«. 


P  0  u 

Ptiapeugt,  Middlefcx  co.  ConnedVicut. 
Here  is  a  poft  office  368  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Potato*,  a  bay  on  the  S  coad  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Chridopher's,  W.  Indies. 

Potofi,  a  town  in  Peru,  in  the  archbifli- 
opric  of  Plata  and  province  of  Ixm  Char- 
cot, 75  milei  S  E  of  the  city  of  La  Plata. 
The  famous  mountain  of  this  name  is 
known  all  over  the  commercial  world, 
for  the  immcnfe  quantities  of  fllver  it 
hat  produced.  The  mines  in  its  vicinity 
are  now  much  czhauded,  although  dill 
very  rich  ;  and  the  town,  which  once 
contained  90,000  inhabitants,  Spaniardi 
and  Indians,  (of  which  the  latter  com- 
pofed  ibout  four-fifths)  does  not  now 
contain  above  25,000,  according  to  Rub- 
ertfon,  but  Holms  cdireates  them  at 
100,000.  The  principal  mines  are  in 
the  northern  part  of  tne  mountain,  and 
their  dire<£tion  it  from  N  to  S.  The  mod 
intelligent  people  of  Peru  have  obferved 
that  this  is  the  general  diredlion  of  the 
richeft  mines.  The  fields  round  Potoli 
are  cold,  barren,  and  bear  little  elfethan 
oatt,  which  feldom  ripen,  but  are  cut  up 
and  given  for  forage  in  the  blade  ;  and 
provifions  are  brought  here  from  the 
neighlx)uring  provinces.  Lat.  ax  S,  long. 
77  W. 

Pottort,  a  townOiip  of  Centre  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  Sufquehannah  River,  has 
1 170  tnhAtitants. 

PottwfloviHy  in  Huntington  ca  N.  Jer- 
fey,  is  aoout  5  miles  E  of  Lebanon,  and 
about  21  N  W  of  New-Brunfwick. 

Pottfgrove,  a  pod  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
on  the  N  bank  of  Schuylkill  River,  17 
miles  S  E  of  Reading,  and  37  N  W  of 
Philadelphia. 

Pougbtrepjie,  a  pod  town  and  capital  of 
Dutchefsco.  N.  York,  delightfully  fituated 
a  mile  from  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon's  River, 
and  contains  a  number  of  neat  dwelling!),' 
a  court  houfe,  a  church  for  Prefbytcrians, 
one  for  Epifcop^lians,  and  an  academy. 
Here  is  alfo  a  printing  office.  It  is  about 
28  miles  N  W  of  Danbury,  in  Conne<fbicut, 
84  N  of  New  York  city,  and  8i  S  of  Al- 
bany. The  towniliip  is  bounded  S  by 
Wappinger's  Kill,  or  Creek,  and  W  by 
Hudfon  River,  It  contains  3,246  inhab- 
itants. 

Pouhney,  a  fmall  river  of  Vermont, 
which  falls  into  Ead  Biy.  In  1783,  the 
river  burft  through  its  bank,  near  the 
place  where  it  teceives  Cadleton  River, 
and  formed  a  new  channel,  leaving  itt 
former  bci' .  dry. 

Pmltntji 


pod  towii 
•dWby] 
joins  Skec 
tains  1,69, 

coadof  Si 
N^i/Tatt,  or 
PoundrU 
•».  N.  Yorl 
Conncclicu 
*»/  Bedforc 
•fltr., 

Povtlt't 

Cjinch  Rive 
"•lies  N  £  ol 
navi«»bl9  in 
.H'ttvfli'i  y 
C^bcrJand 
wand  90  mi 

tfltlg  wide. 

•wtw^ien  Viro 
"9*JQn^unifo 
*^h  and  rid, 
"^'iPWofthi 
"•"y/ttonga 

,''?^« '»  good  i 
'ubfious.     Grai 

?S5p:^flce  parr 
fords  many  elet 
•"^/•ful  r„ads 
Vwrie,  of.  flo„ 

forWdiag;,, 

»*jeofij  outlet  fo 
nl'sP-- 


n'> 


K  Jer- 


n'»  River, 
IweUing!))' 
Lytcrians, 
]jcadcmy. 
18  about 
Uc<Skicut, 
T  S  of  Ai- 
ded Sby 
Ld  W  by 
l6  inhab' 

termor  ti 

•783.  the 

I  near  the 

jn  Ri-'cr' 

tafing  i" 


P  o  w 

.  Puiltiiiy,  a  cnn&dcrable  and  flouridiing 
poft  town  in  Rutland  en.  Vermont,  bound- 
ed W  by  Hampton  in  N.  York,  which  ad- 
joint Skeeniboroiigh  on  the  W.  It  con- 
tains 1(694  inhabitrtiits. 

.PcMmttniit  or  Pu'iaron,  a  x'*^tr  on  the 
cnafl,of  Surriiiam,  whore  £  point  is  Cape 
NftlTau,  or  Cape  Dino^^c. 

Ptundrhhe,  a  townlliip  in  Wed  Cheflcr 
CO.  N.  York,  bounded  S  hy  the  btau-  of 
Cunnc<5kicut,  ^>ind  N  by  .Satcn;i,  and  W 
by  Bedfurid.  It  coatainst  I,a6j  inhabit;, 
afltr.; 

/•««>///*/  Cree]t,  in  Tenncflce,  rifcs  in 
Powdl'a  ,Mouu(riin,  runs  S  W,  and  cuteri 
Clinch  River,  .through  iCR  N  bank ;  38 
mites  N  E  of  Knoxville.  It  is  iaid  to  be 
navigably  in  boats  100  miles. 

■J^etveU'i  ^a'^^.lies  lietwecn'^owcH  and 
C^bcrland  Mountains,  and  U  between 
Soand  90  miles  in  length,  and  from  10 
tq;x8  wide.  It  is  almoft  equally  divided 
between  Virginia  and  Icnnfflee.  It  js 
notonp  uniform  level;  huf  ilicJudes^me 
kiiohs  and  ridges.  It  is  however  a  ploaf-. 
aptpm  of  the  country.  Thf  foil  ^gcn- 
ertny.Acong  and  ea(y  to  ctfltivatp.  Some 
pA^^<^^"it  are  of  the  firll  .quality.  jT^c 
w^^er  is  good  and  plenty,  and  thp  air  fa- 
luorious..  Grafs,  grain,  CQrn,  flajKi  hemp, 
fc4i|(.j^-eeii,  &c,  do  well  in  it ;  and  t^^c 
Xyt^ffffc  pari  produces  cotton.  It^^f;,; 
fords  .niany  elegant  profpedls,  admits  t/f 
heM)|iful  roads,  is  furniflied  with  good 
quarries  of.  flpne.  as  well  as, good  timber 
for  Winding;  and  pofreflcs  a.  ,very  adya^-, 
laeeb|is  outlet  for  boats,  by  meaps  of  Po^- 
«ll;s,Riyer,  which  alfo  is  «;eU  Aocked,w|th 
£fli.  About  the  mididic  of  th^  V4,lley;^,', 
a  natural  bridge  over  a  fmall , creek  for^it 
tdbyj  regular  arches,  50  feet  long,.  ,40' 
high,  and  io  wide.  In  that  part  of  this 
«lley  which  is  in  Tenneflec,  Anderfon  co. 
is  a.pofl  office  550  miles  from  WaHiingtoii. 

fiivibntaa,  the  ancient  name  of  Jitmcs 
River,  in  Virjrinia. 

Paxt(bfttan,  a  count/of  Virginia,  bound- 
tdlJ  by  James  River,  which  feparates  it 
from  Goochland,  and  S  by  Aniciia  cu.  It 
hu  its  name  in  honour  of  the  fa,mnus  In- 
dian king,  the  father  of  Pocahontas.  It 
I  tontains  2,738  free  inhabirants,  and  50JI 
flavts.  The  amrt  baufi  in  the  above  coun- 
j  ty,  where  is  a  poft  office,  is  1 7  miles  from 
I  Cartcrfviile,  and  310  from  Philadelphia. 

PotiiHtfl,  4  flourifliiiig  townlliip  in  the 
IS  W  corner  of  VeroMmt,,  Bennington  co. 
Y>  i'f  the  town  of  Bennington.  It  contains 
hfijir  inhabitants.  Mount Uelchcf^  ayor- 
tiun  of  whidk  \*  within  Uie  town  pf  row- 

Vql,  I,  M  M  qa 


PRE       - 

nal,  ftands  partly  in  3  of  the  Slates,  tia. 
N.  York,  Vermont,  and  Malfachufetts. 
Mount  Anthony,  alfo,  one  of  the  moft 
remarkable  mountains  in  Vermont,  lies 
between  this  and  Bennington.  Hogfack 
River  winds  beautifully  thiough  the  S 
part  n{  this  town. 

fiott'i^a.'fjerovgfj,  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  on, 
tht  E  fide  of  Kennebeck  River,, now  Wif- 
calliit ;  which  fee. 

Paiuotu,  a  fmall  river  of  E.f.x  co.  Maf-, 
fachulettfi,  which  rifi»  in  Kingflon  in,N. 
Hanipfliire.  In  its  courfc  it  paHeii  over 
fevcral  falls.,  on  which  arc  mills  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  and  empties  into  Meriimac): 
River,  7  miles  from  the  fta,  between  the 
towns  of  Salifbury  and  Amclbury,  con- 
nei^ed  by  a  convenient  bridge,  with  a 
draw.acrof))  (he  river.  It  is  navigable  a 
mile  from  its  mouth,  and  many  veuclj  afc 
built  on  its  banks. 

Puyah,  a  town  of  N.  America,  on  the 
W  fide  of  Black  River,  in  the  province  of 
Honduras,  about  no  miles  WN;'V^q{ 
Secklong,  and  55  S  of  Cape  Camerp^ ^ 
which  forms  the  N  poiut  of  the  entrance 
of  the  river  in  the  Sea  of  Honduras.       ■  [ 

Prairie  dt  Rocber,  La,  or  Tbe  R»tk  Mtad- 
etvii  a  fcttkmcnt  in  the  Indiana  Territo^" 
ry,  on  the  £  fide  of  the  Miffiiippi,  on  a' 
Dream  which  empties  into  the  Mi/rit'ippi, 
IX  miles  to  the  S.     It  is  ij  miles  .N  \V  of, 
Kafkaflcias  village,  and  5  N  Eibyti,pt* 
Fort  Chartrcs.     About  J30  years  'ago  \t 
contained  tod  white  inhabitants,  ai)4i  S^^'i 
uc'toes.  ■      ,    . 

Praitit,L0,  a  .populous  little  vi||age, 
with  narrow  dirty  ftrcets, ,f>n  thc'riye^^ 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada, .;  8*  VvipfN*f! 
St,  John,  and  j  S  VVof  Mdht^'pHl, .'  '^^'  ,,'jr 
'  t'laf.in,  Part,"\^  on 'the    Jf'  h.Uf'j^f  Jhp. 
lands  cf  the  .'^rfacides,  in  S  1a,t.  ^  ijj^*. 
long,  from  Paris  155  3a  ;.dirc6'vered  and 
entered  by  M.  dc  Su'tville,  OcV..'iz,  17,60,  ,• 
The  illands  which  form  this  port  arc  pbv-, 
trcd  with  trees,,'  and  at,  high  .water  are  . 
partly  overflowed.  .  Tjiic   artful   iiati[yc(' 
eutrippcd  fome  of  jSurvillc's  niep  '.irf- an' 
ambufcader'O  confcquertcc  of  which _  10'. 
or  40  of  the  lavages  were  killed.'  "^^c^ 
iniiabitaiits  of  thcfp  iflands  :irein'c^fieral 
of  the  negro  kind,,  with  black  woolly  1 
hair,  flat  nnfcs,  and  thick'lips.    "      .  ,' 

.Piefque  IJle  M>ij<»,^f  the  St.  ]i,awref>c^),'! 
U.  Cai.iada.'is  in."f^/)nt  nf.the  townfliip'Qt 
MatiMs,  above  Point  Iirquois. 

Prcfijue  IJle,  in  the  river  >3t.  Lawrehc^" 
U.  CanMda,  is  in  Ed waidJburgh,  nearly, 
oppotite  to  Hofpital  Uland,  and  abgv^' 
i^m'mte  au'Gailope. 


■!t: 


I 


P  R  I 


f  R  I 


Pfi/fii*  l/te,  a  fmall  ptuiHrnla,  nn  thr 
S  £  flioie  of  Lake  Erie,  H  of  luu;;  Pciiit, 
on  the  oppofitcfide  of  tke  lake ;  15  mi'es 
from  Hprt  Bcauf,  4dA  60  N  by  W  uf  Ve- 
nango, on  Alleghany  Rivir.  The  garri- 
tba  II  upon  a  very  coinmandiiij;  I'put,  jiiil 
oppufite  the  mtrance  of  the  hay.  I'he 
nvnn  commcncct  30  yard*  W  of  the  old 
fiHuMh  fort,  leaving  a  vacancy  of  600 
yi^rdf  for  a  military  parade  and  nuhlic 
w^lk.  The  town,  which  is  now  building, 
will  extend  neatly  j  tnileii  along  the  lake, 
aad  I  mite  buck.  It  kias  the  bcft  Hacbutir 
rfQ  the  S  fide  of  the  f.ike,  and  bidi  fair  to 
be  a  place  of  importance,  h  lie<  in  Ut, 
ahour  4  a  10  N-  Here  it  a  poft  bficc  386 
inii<i  from  Wadiington. 

PrtficM,  a  villajre  on  the  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  ia  Xentucky^  juA  below  tb«  Salt 
Work*. 

fttfitiC$  taliim.    See  Camfbilti. 

Jh*/luit  a  tbwn  In  N.  London  <tA.  Csn- 
nedticHt»4  or  8  milcR  Eof  Norwichrfrom 
which  it  i»  divided  by  Sbetucket  River. 
The  townihip  waa  incoi^ratcd  In  1687, 
and  contain*  3440  inhtibitant*i  who  ate 
chiefly  firmer*.  Here  arp  two  Gongrc- 
gitional  ChuKhet,  and  a  ^cietv  •(  Sepa- 
ratift*.  "  L 

'  fttjlm/ktit.  Sec  Pefi.  wtftut  and  Cafeo  Riiy. 
'.  frim*  'Annty.  a  maritinx  co.  of  Vir- 
Sihii,  It  i*  bevnded  W  by  Norfblk  co. 
^■^'m  Carolina,  N  b]r  the  Chefaptak 
UiJy.  It  is  30  miles  lon^,  29  broad,  con- 
tiining  5,385  wliiti,  and  3,574  black  in« 
h^mits. 

'  Prilktfi  Ann,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
m  the  E  (bore  of  Chefatwak  Bay,  in 
SoAilfrfet  ,eo.  on  thti  £  lid^  0/ Moi^okiu 
River,  tf.  miles  S  t,  '^f  Ballipiorc,  and 
I'jjS^S  by  IV  of  Pk;iai(f:lphia,  It  (contains 
•0out  »oo  inhabitants^ 

jtrindt  SdwarJ,  a  connty  of  Virgiata, 
1>IJtween>  ihc  Blue  Kidge  ani^  the  tidc- 
wii^tent.  k  contains  5,041  free' inhabit*^ 
ants,  ini  5/yti  flavei>  Hampden  SjA- 
iiiEy'Ciolie|>e  is  in  this  cpiinty.  The  btuld- 
iii|'ii  3  ttorics  high,  an^  large  enough  to 
•ccpinftodate  60  fiUdenis.  The  court 
hoUie,  At*  which,  is  a  poft  office,  is  28 
n^es  from  Gnmbertaud  cuuxt  huufe,  50 
frvm  Lynchburg,  and  35S  from  Phila- 
delphia.^ The  principal  rivers  are  BiiiTa- 
lAe,Jl9rie'iry,and  liuhi.  I'hcToil  in  the  aiid^ 
(lie  and' on  the  N  (Ide,  bordering  on  the 
Appamattoz,  is  of  a  goo<i  ({aallty  ;:  the 
Wand  S  part  is  lefs  f<:rtile.  In  li^is  coun- 
ty are  3  tpifcoprJ,  3  Pr^(bytcr>an^  3 
Baptid,  and  i  MethoJin:  church. 

Jirimt  £JwaiJ  County  is  buundcd  S  by 


LaVr  Oiitwrio,  W  by  the  carrying  plaee, 
on  the  inhmus  of  the  Prefque  Hie  de 
(^linte,  M  by  tbe  Bay  of  <>uint^,  and  E' 
from  l^>iiit  Pleafint  to  Potiit  Traverff, 
by  its  i'cveral  Ihnrcs  and  bavK,  includ- 
ing the  late  townfliips  of  AiWeliafbuigh, 
SopMaibitrgh  and  Maryfturgh.  It  torn- 
prekcud*  all  the  ifland*  iw  Lake  Ontario, 
and  thcBay  ef  Q^int^  near  ro  it,    Smyth. 

Princt  Eivjard't  IJItu  See  WefiiiiptHi  IJht, 

frinet  frtdirUi,  a  pariih  in  Ctorge- 
town  diftridl,  3.  Carolina, 

Prince  Prttliriei,  the  chief  tewn  of  Cal. 
ve»t  ca  Maryland  ;  3  miles  foutherly  of 
Huntingtowu^  nad  6  N  E  of  Benedict. 

Prinet  Getrge,  a  parifli  Of  Georgetown 
diftridl,  S.  CaroliiM. 

Ptine*  Ctnm,  a  couHty  of  yirgSnia, 
bounded    N   by  James    Rivef,    wlitch 
wafhes  it  about  35  miles.    The  nr^dium 
breadth  i*  »6mile*.    It  contains  3,045 
free  inhabitants,  and  4,380  flave»  I'here 
are  j  Xpircnpal  churches  in  the  eounty, 
one  hieetlag  IM*  Friend*,   an^  fcvera^ 
Methodift  meeting*.    The  BaptiOi  have 
occafional  mcetingSyand  to  •bis  UA  the 
nefroe*  feem  particularly  atuched.    It 
i*  a  fruitftfi  tbnntiy, '  and  abonnd*  witfi 
wheat,,  corn,'  flax,  eottun,  and  toba^ca 
CottOB  here  is  )ii  annual  plant ;  and  ia- 
fummftr,  araft  of  the  inhabitant*  appear 
in  Outer  {[aVment*  of  their  own  manofac- 
tnre.    The  timber  confi^  of  oakf  of  va. 
riouS' kinds,  and  of  a  good  quality,  fuff- 
cicnt  to  build  a  fdi^ifiid.ible  navy,  aind 
within  a  cnniknieiU  dillanre  of  naviea- 
tiop.     It  hsi*  all  the  diflcrcnt  fpecict 
kl^ewii  in  tfl^  ^aftem  States,  and  othert 
viThkb  do  not  cfow  there.    Here  is  alfo 
abundance    of    wild   grapes,    flowering 
(hr^b*,  farfapiarilla,  fiukc-root,  and  gin- 
fcng.     Apples  are  inferior  in  fpit^it  und 
tafte  to  thofe  in  the  eafVern  States ;  hut 
peaches  have  a  flavour  unkno-A-n  there.. 
The  almond  and  fig  grow  berv  ib  the  open 
air.     Iminenfe  (Quantities  of  purkand  ba- 
co]>  arc  cured  here,  and  form  Th<*  princi- 
pal food  of  the  inhabitaiiti>.    V'cal  h  ex- 
cellent ;  mutton  indifTercnt ;  poultry  ci 
every  kind  in  pcrfcdlion  and  in  abun- 
dance.   The  winters  Sire  fliqrt  and  ^eu- 
erally  pleafant  ;  and  thp  country  caimot 
be  conlidered  unhealthy.    " 

Prinee  Ctarge,  a  couuty  of  Marybnd, 
on  the  W  fliure  o<  C'helaptuk  Bay,  be- 
tween Patowmac  and  Patuxet  Riveri>,  and 
is  watered  by  numerous  crtrck&  which  j 
etnpty  into  thofe  rivets.  The  eaftirr 
corner  of  the  territory  of  Coli^mbia,  bor- 
ders Upon  the  W  part  of  this  couuty.  It 

containi 


AT'Wtt** 

J).t9X 

Prrni 
being  tf 
tincnr  n 
it  of  Be 

Amvicj 

.«'i'r  «l? 
ch»iiQe| 

.46,  W  k, 

Pfiiiif 

<o  the  Bri 

iChurchUI 


^•:; 


ttace, 
Ic  dc 
iiid  E' 
•crft, 
iclud- 

:  lO"*' 
itiirto, 
mytb. 

itorge- 

9f  Cal- 

erly  of 

didi 

■getown 

vrhtch 
medium 

\%  3.045' 
.  Thire 
•  cRunty, 
b  fevtrtV 
lifts  hkve 

eked.  It 
iftd*  with 
t  tobacco^ 
t ;  and  iA' 

kts  »pp«' 
manuftc- 

ifc»  of  va. 
ility.Iuffi* 
lavy,  and 
jf  navi^i- 
tit  fpeciei 
tnd  othcrt 
;rc  is  alf» 
floweriitg 
:,  and  gin- 
fpirit  and 
Itatt*  -,  Viut 
wn  there- 
lb  the  open 
rWaod  ba- 
by princi- 
Veal  i»  ev- 
poultry  lil 
in  aliun- 
and  sen- 
iiry  cauu'Jl 

Ik  Bay,  be- 

|RiT<:ri.,a«d 

Ttcks  wl»i«'' 

ijinbia,bor- 
Icouuty.  1' 


^mttaWHi  %\A%$  inhabitant,  of  whom  ' 
14,1 9X  are  flavcit. 

ff /■»#»  ^  H^mlnf  Ctfie,  is  rcmatltaTile  for 
being  the  mod  wederly  point  of  the  con* 
tincnt  of  N.  America,  and  the  cafl/:rntiin> 
jt  of  Bchring'a  Straits,  between  ACt»  and 
America ;  the  two  .contioeAU  being  here 
niiljr  about  34  milea  api^rt  The  mid 
chiiMoel  nas  :io  fachoipa  water.  N  lat.  65 
46,  W  long.  i4^  fg. 

Pilmt  */  IVaIti,  fort,  io  New  North 
.WaIci,  N  America,  a  fadtory  belonging 
H.0  the  hrititb  Hudfon'i  Bay  Compitny,  on 
Churchill  River.    Th«  mean  jhe-it  berc 

I.eaft  beat        —45 
Gre'ittft  he.U       ij 
ft  lies  iQ  iat.  $%  47  30  N,  and  long.  p4  7 

'  Princt  »/W>ilfi  J/linJ,ia  the  S.  Pacrfic 
X)cean,  is  about  ao  leagues  long,  and  W 
io  S,  diAant  48  leagues  from  Otahci,te,  or 
King  Geui|;e's  Vtstiyi.  .S  lat.  iSt  and  W 
long,  ijt  5j  at  the  W  ctid.  The  varia- 
tion of  the  ae(;dte  in  1766,  was  5  i^o  & 

i»r»/»«  JHuperii  B,iy,  00  t^C  N  W  COaft 
:0f  the  iiland  of  Doininica^  one  of  the  Ca- 
;ribbee  Iflaads,  where  thete  is  excellent 
Aelter  froi^  the  winds.  It  is  deep,  capa- 
cious ani)  fandy,  and  ii  the  principal  bay 
in  the  iflaod.  It  is  of  great  advantage  in 
time  of  a  war  with  Fraace,  ai  a  fleet  may 
hue  intercept  all  the  W.  India  trade.  On 
.this  bay  is^tuated  the  new  town  of  Portf- 
faouth,  N  of  wliic^  is  a  cape  called  Prince 
Rupert's  Head. 

frwct^t  JBay,  on  the  S  fide  of  Staten  Ul> 
and,  N.  Yorlc 

PrincetM,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts, 
Worceller  co.  15  miles  N  by  W  of  Wor- 
cefter,  and  52  W  by  N  of  Lofton.  The 
townfliip  contains  19,000  acrea  of  elevat- 
ed, hilly,  but  ftrong  a^d  rich  land,  adapt- 
ed to  grafs  and  grain.  Exccfllent  beef, 
butter  and  cbeefe,  are  iti  principi|I  ma- 
dudiona.  The  manfioh-houfe  and  fartn 
of  his  Honor  the  late  Lieut.  Governor 
Cill,  ooje  of  the  moft  elegant  4tuations, 
and  fine)^  farms  in  the  Commonwealth,  is 
in  this  towfi,  and  adds  much  to  its  orpa- 
meiit  and  wealth.  A  handfome  Congre- 
gationar  church,  on  a  high  hill,  cpm- 
nands  a  muft  ettcn^ve  and  rich  pWpedl 
of  the  furrounding  country.  Wachufett 
Mountain,  the  moft  noted  it)  the  State,  is 
in  the  N  part  of  the  townfhtp.    Here,  as 

Bmany  other  towns,  if  4  vaiUabli:  focial 
,  Mary.    Princeton  wii  incorporated  in 
f759f  tnd  contains  1041  inhabitants. 
^rimtan,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jerfty,  (it- 


P  R  I 

natetl  partly  in  Middlefnt,  and  partly  in 
SoMeri'i  t  counties.  N4<n»u  Hall  College, 
an  inflimtion  which  has  produced  a  ^reit 
iHimbcr  of  eminint  fchulars,  is  Very  pleaf* 
antly  fuiiaCed  in  the  cumpa«!t  part  of  this 
to>*n.  Here  are  about  86  dwelling* 
houl'cs,  and  a  brick  Prefbytr.rian  church, 
rhe  collc^  cdiflce  is  a  handfome  floi« 
huildinf;,  of  180  feet  by  54,  four  ftori(« 
high,  and  (l^nds  as  an  elevated  antf 
healthful  fpot,  and  corimands  an  citen- 
live  and  delightful  protpcia.  The  tOah- 
mhinent,  v>  «79<.  £onfitted  of  a  preG- 
dent,  wiiu  is  alfo  profeiTor  of  moral  phi- 
lofrtphv,  theology,  natural  and  revealed  ; 
hiftory,  and  eUtquence  ;  a  profel!br  of 
mathematics,  natural  philofophy,  and 
aftronomy ;  a  profeflbr  of  chymitlry, 
which  I'ubjedt  is  treated  in  reference  to 
agri<rvl.tur/^  and  manufatSlures,  as  well  as 
medicine :  befides  thefc,  two  tutors  have 
the  irvftrudtion  of  the  two  lowed  claflVs. 
The  choice  of  the  clafTical  books,  and  the 
arrangen^ept  <rf  .tjie  fevetaA  <branche»  of 
education,  of  t>!ie  \f€tuTt»,  and  of  other 
littriM-y  f xercrftrs,  are  fucb,  as  to  give  the 
Hudcnts  t];>e  bed  opportunity  fer  tm* 
provement,  in  the  wBole  J^ncyrlopedia 
of  icience.  'I'hc  number  of  fliidchtf  is 
from  70  to  90,  befides  the  graitatnair 
fcbool.  I'he  annual  incuinc  of  the  col- 
lege «  prefent,  by  the'  fees  of  the  flu- 
dents,  and  otherwife,  ii  about  ^lOoo 
currency  a  year.  It  has,  befidss,  fimdt 
in  pofltj^on,  thrmigj^  the  extraordinary 
liberality  of  Mr.  Jamea  Leflie.of  N.  Vorlt, 
and  Mra.  Eflhcr  Richards,  pf  iRahway,  to 
the  amount  of  10,000  dolls.  fCr  the  c'dii- 
cation  of  poor  and  pious  j'Ou(J>  for  the 
miniflry  of  ti|>e  gofpct ;  arid  the  reVerfioh 
of  an  cftate  in  Philadelphia  for  tl)e  fame 
purpctfe,  <?f  between  £106  sw.d  jCSOO.pcr 
auuum,  a  legacy  of  tlie  Ute  Mr.  Hugh 
Hodge,  a  man  of  eminent  piety,  which  is 
to  come  to  the  college  at  tjjie  death  of  a 
very  worthy  and  aged  widow.  The  col- 
lege library  was  alino^  wholly  deftroyed 
during  rhe  )ate  -war ;  ap<i  again,  in  the 
luring  of  i8oa,  ^hcn  the  college  waa 
burnt  by  dc&go  of  accident,  ^ut  by  the 
liberal  donations  of  gentlemen  in  the 
cities  and  principal  towns  in  the  United 
States,  the  lollege  has  been  rebuilt,  and 
a  new  library  colledlcd.  Before  the  war* 
this  college  was  furnilhcd  «vith  8  philo^ 
fophical  apparatus,  worth  j^JOQ,  whieh 
(except  the  elegant  orrery  conQrndifcd  bj 
Mr.  Kittenhoufe)  was  almofl  entirely  de- 
flroyed  by  the  Britifli  army  in  the  late 
war.    Pnnceton  is  i  *  miles  N  £  of  Tren* 

>0B» 


•*     -1 


lii 


■n 


U 


m 


n 


PRO 


PRO 


ton,  l1  S  W  of  Brunrwick,  j.^  8  W  of 
N.  Yutk, Md  4>  N  H  of  Philtdclphi*.  N 
Ut.  40  »a  1*1  W  long.  74  34  4J. 

Prinuhn.  a  fmall  poll  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, J  iiiiie*  from  Murfr(cburough|<nd 
is  Iron)  H'lifa*- 

Priit;t  U^iUiam,  A  county  of  Virginia, 
^houoUtd  W  by  Farquin,  inU  S  by  IM- 
tomsc  Riv^r,  which  dividei  it  from  Ma- 
ryland. It  cnncaiiu  7iJI7  free  inhabit- 
|U)tt»4ud5^i6  llaves. 

Frinci  IViUiam.  »  pari(h  in  Scaufort 
4i(lrit<l,  8.  Carolina. 

iViV  IViUiam'i  Solid,  on  the  N  W 
Coaft  of  N.  America,  licit  £  of  the  niouth 
of  Cuuk't  River.  At  it»  nioutli  ate  three 
IHanda,  Mout.-i)>ue,  Rofc.aqd  {Cay.  It  was 
jud^td  by  Captain  Cook  to  otrupy  a  dc- 

tiree  .^nd  a  half  of  iatitace,  anu  two  of 
ongitude,  excluftvcly  of  itt  arms  and 
liranch^,  which  were  not  explored, 

fra.    Sec  JPoiitt  U  Pro. 

frt^f^t  a  pod  town  of  Maine,  late 
part  of  Frankfort,  ii  opiHifite  Buckftown, 
on  PcDobfcot  River,  |^  milct  below  Or- 
rington,  and  7  36  from  Waflungton. 

Pr^fcfi  fiafbour,  on  the  S  coiill  of  Ko- 
Ta-8cotia,  bat  Cape  Sambro  and  Ifland 
.radward,  and  >•  9  leagues  ^  £  of  St,  Mar- 
yatet'a  Bay. 

i'roj^f^.HV//,  Fairfax  CO,  Virginia.  Here 
U  a,po(l  ofiice  14  mile*  from  Wjilhington. 

Pft^iAnct,  a  river  which  falls  into  Nar> 
ragitofef  Ba^r  on  the  W  fide  of  Rhode- 
Ifla&d.  It  rifea  by  feveral  branches,  part 
of  which  conte  from  Maffachufetti.  It  it 
navigable  as  far  as  Providence  for  /liips 
of  900  tons,  30  miles  from  the  fea.  It  af- 
fords fine  fifb,  oyftcrs  and  lobfters. 

PtvfidiHet,  a  county  of  Rhode- Ifland 
State,  bounded  by  Maflachufetts  N  and 
E,  by  Connedkicut  W,  and  Kent  eo.  S. 
]t  contains  9  townfhips,  and  25,854  in- 
]iahitants.  Scituate  is  fampus  for  its  »• 
celleiit  cannon  foundery. 

PrtvidiMd,  the  chief  town  of  the  above 
CO.  fituated  30  miles  N  by  W  from  New- 
port, and  35  from  the  fea,  at  the  head  of 
navigation  of  Narraganfet  Biiy,  on  |)nth 
Tidies  of  Providence  River,  the  two  parts 
of  the  town  beiuff  cpnnedlcd.  by  a  bridge 
a6o  feet  long  ano  ^%  wide,  It  is  the  old^ 
«(l  town  in  tne  State,  having  been  fettled 
by  R^ger  Williams  and  his  company  in 
1636;  and  lies  in  lat.  41  49  N,  and  long. 
ji  %i  Vr,  44  miles  S  bj^  W  of  Bofton,  and 
491  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  Ships  of  almud 
^iny  fisC)  fail  up  apd  down  the  channel, 
-which  is  marked  out  by  (btkes,  credkcd 
mt.||MB(s  of  fkoals  and'iiedt  lying  in  the 


river,  fo  that  a  flrangcr  may  enme  up  t* 
the  town  without  a  pilot.  A  fhip  of  9  ^a 
loui,  Cur  the  EaR  India  trade,  was  built  in 
this  tlm^,  and  lilted  for  fea.  In  1764, 
there  were  belonging  to  the  county  of 
Providence  54  fail  of  veflels,  eontainir;; 
4.,lJio  tuns,  in  I790,thcrr  were  ^fj  vtl- 
fclH,  containing  11,94)  (<>"*•  f'bis  tr>TM> 
fufTered  much  by  (he  liulian  war  of  167,,-, 
when  a  nunolKr  of  it*  inhabit^iut  rt- 
moved  to  Rhode  IHand  for  flicker.  In 
the  late  war,  the  cafe  was  reverfed  ;  ma- 
ny of  the  inhabitants  of  that  iHand  rc> 
iiiovid  to  Provide'rce.  The  public  biiilj^- 
tng%  :tre  an  cleaant  meeting  houfe  fur 
liaptil^),  80  feet  fquare,  with  1  lofty  y.ncl 
bcautilul  (tccple,  and  a  large  bcU  chQ  *t 
the  Hope  i'urnacc  in  Scituate  ;  a  mectinj 
houfe  for  Friends  or  Quakers ;  three  for 
Congrcgationalifts,  one  «t  which,  Utcty 
«re«fled,  is  the  mofl  elegant,  perhapit,  iit 
the  United  States;  an  EpiCcopal  church; 
a  handfo|ne  court  houfe,  70  feet  by  40,  in 
which  is  depofited  a  library  for  the  ufe 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  couiir 
try;  a  workhoufe,  a  market  houfe,  80 
feet  long  |ipd  40  wide,  and  a  brick  fchool- 
houfci  in  which  four  fchools  are  kept. 
Rhode  Iflai^d  college  is  eftabliflicd  at 
Providence.  The  elegant  building  crctfl- 
ed  fQr  its  accommodation,  is  (ituated  on 
a  hill  to  the  £  of  the  town  ;  and  while 
its  elevated  fituation  renders  it  dclightrul, 
by  commfinding  an  cxtenlive,  variegated 
profpedl,  it  furniflies  it  with  a  pure,  fa- 
lubriQus  air.  The  edifice  is  of  brick,  four 
(lories  high,  150  feet  long,  and  46  «^'i<Ifi 
with  a  nrojedlion  of  so  feet  each  fulr. 
It  has  48  rooms  for  fludents,  and  8  i^trgcr 
ones  for  public  ufes.  The  roof  is  flaicd. 
It  is  a  floorifliing  feminary,  and  contains 
upwards  of  60  ftudents.  It  has  a  library 
containing  between  4  and  3000  volumes, 
and  a  valuable  philofophical  apparatus, 
llie  hopfcs  in  this  town  are  generally 
built  of  wood,  though  there  are  fome 
brick  buildings  which  arc  large  and  elc- 
gapt.  At  a  convenient  diHance  from  thir 
town,  an  bofpital  for  the  fmall-pux  and 
other  difeafe.s  hits  been  ercftcd-  Th(-rc 
are  twp  fpermaceti  works,  a  numlier  or 
diftilleries,  fugar  houfes.and  other  manu- 
fatflories.  Several  forts  were  ereiTicd  in 
aiid  near  the  town  during  the  war,  which, 
however,  are  not  kept  in  repair.  It  hat 
an  eztepfive  trade  with  MaHachufctts, 
Connc^icut,  and  part  of  Vcrqiont ;  with 
ihe W.Indies, with  liu'rope,aiid  lately  with 
th,e  ^Indies  and  China.  Several  bank; 
have alfo  heeo  eftablillicd  here,  and  a  cor- 


IM  manu 

iiaiids ;  wi 

hr  fpinoiii 

R.  Arkwr 

Pifwtuckct 

and  is  the 

'M.    The 

^^ft.  30,  »; 

<<4.1,373  d( 

haiiitants, « 

Ptovidne 

Ifland,  in  P; 

of  Providei 

State  of  Ma 

tiicket  Rive 

tants.     Paw 

4  miles  N 

Wa%  furmerlj 

ProviJiHtt, 

Saratoga  co. 

corporated  11 

itants. 

in  Ociaware 
PioviJenct, 
CO.  Pennfylvi 
aats. 

Prtiiidince. 
and  the  fecon 
being  about  3! 
breadth.     N  i 
pa".  77  »|. 
<»,  and  if  freq 
*»r'.    Chief  t( 
Prtviihiiee,   , 
f  he  coafl  of  H 
4  broad.    ]t  h 
air,  and  plenty 
eaCljr  fortiiicd. 
funtinent  by  a 
are  neitljcr  ferj 
tijec     hf.  lat.  ij 
Piovioct,  an 
6  miles  below  I 
to  the  main  Ian 
PtovIhci  Ton 
PfCkpcCod,  |n 
[««8.  3   miles  1 
harbour,  whi</)» 
State,  opens  to 
depth  of  water  f 
the  fiirft  port  « 
when  they  came 
(n  i6jo.     It  has 
decaying  Aate  m 
Mt  and  contains 
«ole  dependence 
fy.  in  which  tl 
30  fail,  gieat  m 
y^els,  ^  1 7  JO, 


PRO 

t*k  manufaAory,  which  employ*  loo 
iuiidt;  with  whtc)i  U  connc>5lc-d'a  ititll 
for  fpinainf{  cnttup,  on  the  iuihIcI  of  Sir 
^.  Arl(wr(ght*i  mill.  I(  i<  cre<!lriJ  >< 
i'ifW'lurket  Falls,  iii  Nqi  "h  ProviHtiKc, 
and  is  the  ^rti  of  the  kinU  imiit  in  Amer- 
ic4.  The  «y|M)ru  for  one  yc«r,  rnding 
Sept.  JO,  f794,  amounted  to  the  vjlue  of 
^A^,V^  (lolUri,  It  contains  7,6|4  in* 
haliiirtnts,  all  free. 

ProviJtiiei,  North,  a  fownfliip  of  Rhode 
in^nd,  in  Providence  co.  N  o*  thetox^ii 
of  Providence,  and  feparatcd  from  the 
^cate  of  Maflachufetti  on  the  E  \\y  P.iw- 
tiickct  River.  It  rontains  1,067  inhalii- 
tiints.  Pawtucket  Falls,  in  this  town,  arc 
^  miles  N  of  Providence.  I'hiv  town 
wa«  formerly  a  part  of  Providence. 

Prtvidintt,  a  townlhip  of  N.  York,  in 
Saratofi^a  co.  taken  ffom  Oaiway.  and  in- 
corporated  in  1796.  It  haa  1,8^8  inhab- 
itants. 

Prt^iJaiict^  Ufftr  fknd  £§wir,  towofhips 
in  DclawHrc  co.  Pennfvlvania. 

Pitvii/ence,  a  townHiip  in  Montgomery 
CO,  Pennfylvaoia.  It  has  ij4<{  iuhabit- 
aats. 

Pravideiiee,  One  of  the  Bahama  Illanda, 
and  the  fecond  in  fixe  of  thofe  fo  called  ; 
being  about  36  milfis  in  length  and  16  in 
hreadth.  N  lat.  ^4  48,  W  long,  at  its  E 
part,  77  l|.  It  waa  formerly  called  Aia- 
«»,  and  is  frequently  naiped  JVirw  Provi- 
ifanrr.    Chief  town,  Naflau.^ 

PnviMiiet,  ap  uninhabited  ifland  on 
the  coal)  of  Honduras,  1 1  miles  Iqng  and 
4  broad.  ]t  has  a  fertile  foil,  wholcfome 
)lir,  and  picntv  of  water,  and  might  bf 
jtafily  fortified-  It  ■■  fcparated  from  the 
(lontinent  by  a  narrow  chani^el.  Here 
ate  neitJ)er  ferpents  nor  yenomoqs  rep- 
tiles.   N  lat.  13  a6,  W  long.  80  a5- 

Piovinct,  an  ifland  in  Delaware  River, 
6  miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  is  joined 
to  the  niain  land  by  a  dam. 

ProvtHo  Town  ii  iituated  on  the  hoo]c 
pf  Cape  Cod,  |n  Barnflahle  co.  M.nllaehu- 
fctts,  3  miles  N  W  of  Race  Point.  Its 
harbour,  whi(/h  is  one  of  the  beft  in  the 
State,  opens  |o  the  fouthward,  and  has 
ilcipth  of  water  for  any  fliips.  This  was 
the  firti  port  entered  b^  the  Engiiih 
when  they  came  to  fcttlf;  in  N.  England, 
jn  1 620.  It  haa  been  in  a  thriving  and 
decaying  Aate  many  times.  It  is  oow  riiV 
inj;,and  contains  %\%  inhabitatitt,  whofe 
loie  depcjndence  is  upon  the  cod  fifli- 
pry,  in  which  they  employ  more  than 
30  fait,  gieat  and  fmill.  Ten  of  their 
y^ek,  ^  '79?»  toolc  It, 000  quintals  of 


Pt7  E 

cod-fiil).  The  fifliing  vcflcU  go  to  New- 
fi'undland,  the  coaff  of  Labrador,  miil 
cluliur  Bay,  and  bring  home  annually 
about  3J,0C0  quintals  of  filh,  cftiniait.l 
•t  .1 J  dollars  per  quintal.  Three  hundrcu 
1.1CU  and  boys  are  employed  in  thu  btili- 
nefs.  They  Hfd  fo  i»pcrt  and  fuciifT* 
ful,  that  they  had  not  loll  •  vcfTtl  or  « 
man  in  the  Lulinefs,  from  the  clofc  ol'thj: 
war  till  1790.  Here  arc  90  (lores  lor 
fifli,  J  for  fmuking  herring;  aJfo  136 
dwelling  hoiil'cs,  and  1  windmill*,  one  i<t 
which  goes  with  f!ier»  inl'idc,  and  H(>|>c'irs 
tike  a  lofty  tpwcr.  Here  is  ,i  free  malon's 
hall.iu  the  lower  (lory  of  which  are  two 
fclinol  rooms.  The  liouits  nrc  nnc  Oory 
high,  and  fct  u|)  on  pilrx,  tlut  the  driving 
fands  may  pals  under  them ;  othei  wile 
thcv  would  be  buried  in  laiul.  'Hay 
raife  nothing  from  their  lands,  hut  are 
wholly  dependent  on  Bolton,  and  the 
towns  jn  the  vicinity,  for  every  vc^tt,4l>ir 
produtflion.  There  are  but  two  horlct 
and  two  yokes  of  oxen  kept  in  the 
town.  Tht y  have  about  .?o  cows,  w  hicU 
feed  ill  the  fprin^  upau  hiach  grrifii, 
which  grows  at  iii(erv.ils  upon  the  (liort;.^ 
and  in  lupim^r  they  teed  in  the  funken 
ponds  and  mardiy  places  that  are  fouiiil 
between  the  fand-liilU.  Hert  the  cows 
are  feen  wading,  an(|  ^vcn  rwimming, 
plunging  their  heads  imp  the  wetter  up 
to  their  horns,  picking  a  fcanty  fubflfT- 
ence  from  the  to(;ts  and  herb*,  produced 
in  the  water.  Tiiey  are  fed  in  tht  vvin- 
ter  on  fedgc,  cut  from  the  llats.  Hcie  \t 
A  port  office.  Lat.  4a  3  N,  long.  70  ')  W, 
I  ao  miles  front  Bodon  by  land 

P.fucrtou  a  fjapc  on  the  coaft  ot  N.«' 
.Spain,  in  tne  South  Sea. 

Prudtnce,  a  Ihiall  ill  ind,  nearly  an  l^r^'/> 
as  Canonnicut,  and  lies  N  ot  it,  in  Narr.>- 
ganfet  Bay.  \%  heUt\\gi  to  the  town  of 
Portfmouth,  in  Newport  co.  Rhode  I!l..u(i. 
The  N  end  is  nearly  oppofite  to  Briltol 
on  the  £  fide  of  the  liay. 

Puan,  ot  Cicen  J?jy,  has  communication 
eaAward  with  LaU  Alnlji^uti ,-  whlth  fct, 
alfo  Grttn  Bay. 

Puebla  Je  los  An^etoty  the  prcfent  capital 
of  the  province  of  Tlafcala,  or  I.os  Au^t- 
los.     See  Angeloi. 

Putblo  Nuevo,  or  Nrtvtonvit,  at  t'lc  bot- 
tom of  the  "uU  ot  Dolte,  on  the  \V  coaft 
of  Mexico.  It  is  7  leagues  N  by  W  ot 
Baia  Honda,  or  Deep  Bay.  The;  ill.ind 
of  this  nnme  is  oppofite  the  town  and 
mouth  of  the  river  ot  its  name,  in  tie 
bottom  of  Frcfh  Water  Bay,  in  lat.  about 
8  50  N,  and  long  8;;  zS  \\\ 

P..rrte. 


«»>  1 


n 


■t'5 


t.r 


-.PUR 

Puertty  the  Italian  pame  for  port, 
parries  of  this  dcfcriptron,  adopted  by 
fhe  Spaniard!  vijl  hp  found  under  Pmt 
or  P»»i». 

Putajii,  a  coHoty  of  Kentpcky,. contain- 
*(lg  3<31$<  ifihabitants,  of  whom  232  are 
f  aves.  At  the  court  lioufe  it  a  poft  of- 
fice, 663  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Puna,  an  ifland  near  the  ^izj  of  Guaya- 
quil, on  tbe  coafl  of  Peru,  ihoxit  19  or  14 
leagues  long,  from  £  to  W,  and  4  or  j 
broad.  There  is  an  Indian  town  of  the 
fame  nan^,  on  its  Slide,  having  about 
40  houfes,  and  a  fni.ill  church.  I'he 
houfes  all  fland  on  polls  10  or  1%  feet 
high,  with  ladders  on  the  outfule  to  go 
up  to  them.  From  the  ifland  Saiit^  Clara 
jl'  the  bay  of  Guayaquil  to  the  wcfterrimoft 
point  of  the  ifland,  called  Punta  Arena, 
It 7  leagues  E  N E.  S  tati 3  17, \V  long  81 6. 

Puttjo  Bay,  in  ipaft  f  torida.  See  Clat- 
iam  Bay. 

Punta  Pott,  one  of  the  large  batteries  or 
eaftlet,  and  the  fecond  in  order,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour  of  the  Havannah, 
in  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  It  is  alfo  called 
Mefa  de  Maria,  or  the  Virgin  Mary> 
Table. 

Punts,  and  Punta  J3rava,loyins  of  Mcf" 
ieo.    See  Atgeloi. 

punta  dt  Ptdratt  a  cape  on  the  N  W  ex* 
tremity  of  the  peninfula  o|  Yucatan,  in 
New  Spain. 

Punta  KJjbada,  the  S  E  point  of  St.  Do- 
mingo ;  65  leagues,  following  the  turnings 
of  the  coatt,  £  of  )|Tifao,  and  16  league* 
from  Pape  Raphael.  The  8  £  part  of 
the  ifland  coofitls  chiefly  of  extenfive,  rich 
jplain*. 

Pumla  Cerda,  a  peninfula  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  S  £  of  Ifle  dc  Pinoo, 
90  W  of  the  gulf  of  Xagua,  and  70  £  of 
Bohia  de  Corles. 

Punim  Negrillo,  the  weftcrn  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Putijication,  a  to^rn  of  New  Mexico,  14 
leagues  from  the  W  coad,  and  maintains 
•  fifhery  near  the  low  lands  of  Chametla. 

Pur^iurg,  a  handfome  town  of  S.  Car- 
olina, m  Beaufort  diflridt,  on  the  £  fide 
of  Savannah  River,  37  miles  from  the 
ocean,  and  ao  from  $avauna|i.  It  con- 
tains l)etween  40  and  50  dweilins  honfes, 
and  an  Epifcopal  church.  It  toolc  its  ninjie 
from  John  Peter  Pury,  a  Swifs,  whp  fet- 
tled a  colony  of  his  countrymen  here 
about  the  year  1735,  with  a  view  to  the 
culture  of  (ilk.  The  mulberry-trees  arc 
yet  (landing,  and  fome  attention  it  (till 
jiaid  to  the  maktug  of  filk. 


Putani)atamet,OT  Pout*otamiet,\nA\im  who 
inhabit  between  St.  Jofeph's  and  Detroit, 
and canfurninijikboutjoo warriors.  There 
are  two  tribes  of  ^his  name,  the  one  of 
thj?  yiyejr  St.  Jpfepb,  and  the  other  ot  Hii- 
roij.  They  were  lately  ho(hle ;  hut  at 
the  jreaty  of  Greeny! lie,  Augufl  3,  t795, 
they  ceded  lands  to  the  Uuitccl  Statu; 
who  in  return  paid  them  a  fum'ii>  hand, 
and  eiigaged  to  pay  them  in  goods  to  the 
value  of  1000  dollars  a  year  ^rcvcr. 

putney,  a  thriving  poft  town  in  Wind- 
han«  ,cp.  Vermont,  oh  the  W  fide  of  Con- 
nedicut  River,  S of  Wcftminftcr.  Inhab- 
itants  1,574. 

Pylfaatt,  an  ifland  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.'zi  22  S.  Its  grcateft  breadth  is  a 
quarter  of  a  league.  It  is  deep  ;  ou  itsE 
(idc  are  trees. 

9:. 

>luADR4S  JJles,  on  the  N  W  coa(t  q* 
N.  Amt^rica,  lie  between  Pintard's  Soun4 
and  the  Straits  de  Fuca.  Nootka  Sonne) 
lies  among  thcif;  iflands-  In  1792,  two 
•'<panifh  fchoonere^  and  his  Britannic  ma- 
jil^y'a  fliip  Pifcovery,  apd  brigantine 
Chatham,  pafTed  through  this  channel ; 
but  the  forqfier  fir  (I ;  hence  Capt.  Ingra- 
}iam  called  th£  ifles  by  the  pame  of  the 
^panifli  commatider. 

^attrto-wn,  a  poll  town  tt^  Bucks  co. 
Peiinfylvanja,  184  miJes  ftam  Waflbington. 

^amfeagan  pMtt  at  the  Iiea4  of  the 
tide  on  Kewichwinock  Rivcf,  which 
joins  Pifcataqua  River,  10  miles  from  iM 
fea.  The  natives  give  the  falls  this 
name,  becaufe  iG(h  were  there  taken 
with  nets.  At  thefe  falls  ^re  a  fei:  of  faw 
and  other  tnills ;  aitd  a  landing  place, 
where  great  quantities  of  lumber  is  rafted 
on  fcows.  Here  the  river  has  the  Engliflt 
name  of  Salmon  Falls  Kivcr,  from  the 
plenty  of  falmon  there  caught  In  the 
memory  of  people  who  lived  50  years 
aigo,  thefe  fifh  were  fo  pl^ty  as  to  be 
(truck  with  ^ars  on' the  rocks;  but 
none  now  alive  remember  to  have  fren 
any  there.  The  faw  mills  where  the  dam 
crofles  the  ftream  are  the  fure  dc(Iru£tion 
of  that  fpccics  of  fifli.  TomcotI,  or  froil- 
fi(h,  fmeltf  and  'alewivcs  abound  here. 
The  place  called  Salmon  Falls  is  covered 
with  ufefpl  mills.  Ahoye  theCe  we  meet 
with  tif^'Greaf  jEf^lls,  whcr/e  JTa^-mills  are 
continued  to  greaf  advantage.  Qn  m^any 
places  from  Quampeagan  to  the  pond, 
from  whence  it  iffucsi  are  mills  for  boardt 
and  corn. 

*«arry««, 


of  JDariei 
with  a  rx 
had  arriv 
they  had 
hy  the  Sp; 

^atlef 
cO.  Virgin 
^ehec, 
Canada,  h 
oated  at  tl 
I-awrehco 
Hiver,  atto 
h  built  ot 
Wiarbic  aiK 
divided  in 
is  a  fine  lea 
rn  the  yeai 
now  has  m< 
whom  arc 
fnpported  h 
nor's  prefer 
town  a  ga] 
lime  when  ( 
the  tide,  it  i 
»ock;  but  (i 
fnnk  fo  far, 
^ft^t,  an( 
built,  Which 
•hi^h  ftandi 
ipfet,  about ' 
tile  lower  t4^ 
/*r;a're  pf  f 
and  chiefly  h 
conveniently 
fortififtMions 
The  natural 
«»  d<;febce 
frp«n  fhe  riv< 
the  works  of 
Aipt  themftl 
injury  from  p 
»hefe  elevatcc 
n  defended  1 
«wo  baflions, 
spring  tides  ai 
'«e  of  the 

fc»ftioii,tothu_ 

•ttt  of  the  roc 

H»y;  andhig 

moft  regular 

»  which  the 

ftges  which  ._ 

j^een  thefe  w 

The  rock  whf 

Jhe  lower  towi 

wep  front,  a 

w^d,  jiloftg  th 

»wer  town  a 

"ftich  it  fomet 


ins«'hn 
Uetioit, 
.  There 
;  ©ne  of 
r  ol  Hii- 
;  but  at 

h  I795i 
States ; 
if)  hand, 
is  to  the 
iver. 
in  Wind- 
e  of  Con- 
,    Inhab> 

fie  Ocean, 
adth  is  a 
:  ou  itsE 


ff  coaft  Qf 
td'»  Soun4 
itka  Sonn4 
179a,  two 
tannic  ma- 
birigantine 
s  clunnel ; 
apt.  Ingra- 
ame  of  the 

J  Bucks  CO. 
V»(hington. 
lead  of  the 

W,'  ^hich 
its  from  >ine 
falls  this 
here  taken 
afcioffaw 

iding  placci 
"let  l»  laM 
the  EngUQi 
•,  from  the 
[ht.    In  the 

■d  50  y<»" 

ity  M  to  be 

tocks;   hut 

|o  havefcen 

lerethedaiii 

;deftraft»"n 
:od,or  froft' 
l)ound  here. 
Is  it  covered 
itfc  we  weet 

'  Qnrn,*ny 

the  pond, 

[is  for  boards 


^arepia,  i  ptace  fitnated  in  the  Gulf 
<»f  Daricn.  Here  Vafciijcs  Nuiitz  met 
with  a  r.o]onf  of  negroes ;  but  how  they 
had  arrived  in  that  region,  or  how  long 
thcjr  had  refided  in  it,  are  not  tecorded 
by  the  Spanifli  hifVorians. 

j^atteffUh,  a  port  town  in  Brnnfwick 
cO.  Virginia,  «04  rtiiles  from  Wafliington. 

^tbec,  the  ca]:it;<),  not  only  of  L6wer 
Canada,  bat  of  all  Brltifb  America,  is  Bt- 
uated  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  St, 
Lawrence  and  St.  Cbartes,  or  the  Little 
j^iver,  abobt  jap  miles  from  the  fea.    It 
is  built  bti  a  rock,  which  is  partly  of  ^ 
marblr  and  fJartly  of  flate.    The  town  is  ; 
divided  into  Vpftr  and  Lovter.    Near  it  | 
is  a  fine  lead  niine.    This  city  coutained,  i 
in  the  year  1784]  6471  inhabitants,  hut  I 
now  has  more  than  io/>oo,  two  <hMs  of  \ 
whom  are  French.     A  large  garHfon  is  | 
fupported  here^and  this,  with  the  ^ver-  i 
nor'f  prefence,  the  courts^  &c.  render  the 
town  a  gay  and  lively  place.     At  the 
lime  when  the  city  was  founded,  tn  1608, 
the  tide,  it  is  faid,  reached  the  foot  of  the 
lock;  but  (mcc  ttut  lime  the  river  has 
fnnk  fo  far,  that  a  large  fpot  of  grqiind  \\ 
l^ft^.  and  on  this  a  largt  fubilirb  is 
built,  which  is  ftyled  the  l^vitt  7ttvn, 
whiifh  ftands  at  ^he  foot  of  a  rocky  prec- 
ipkh,  about  48  feet  high.    The  hciufes  in  1 
the  lower  town,  (as  alio  thofe  in  the  Uf" 
ferjire  of  ftorc,  flroiig,  and  well  bmit,  i 
aad  chipffy  inhabited  by  n»erckants,  bcihg 
conveniently  near  their  btirmefs.    The 
fortifi^tions  are  ettcitiive  but  irregular. 
The  natural  fituation  of  the  town  renders 
its  diifetice  eJ^fy.•     If  attacked  by  fliips 
from  the  rivcir',  th«iir  guns  cannot  injure 
ihe^orks  of 'the  upper  town,  though  the 
fliip»  themrdves  would' be  liable  to  ^reat 
if^ury  from  the  cannon  and  bombs  from 
fhefe  elevated  ramparts.    The  lower  town 
is  defended  by  a  platform  flanked  with 
two  baflion»,  which  at  high  water  and 
fpring  tides  are  almoft  level  with  the  fur- 
face  of  the    water.    A  little  above  the 
baftiao,to  the  right,  is  a  half  balfion,  cut 
out  of  the  rock ;  a  little  higher  a  large  bat- 
Mty ;  and  higher  ftill  a  fqu.ire  fort,  the 
mou  regular  of  all  the  fortiiicatiuns,  and 
b  which  the  governor  rdides.    TKc  paf- 
fages  which  form  a  communicution  be- 
tween thefe  wotks  are  extremely  nig;;cd. 
The  rock  which  fcparates  the  upptr  fi  om 
the  lower  town,  extends,  with  a  bold  .hiuI 
ftetp  front,  a  conftdcrable  didance  wefl-  I 
ward,  along  the  river  St.  Lawrence.   Tlie  I 
Iftwer  town  n  well  fupplicd  with  water,  i 
which  is  fometimcs  fcarce  in  the  uppers 


qjJ  t 


town.  This  city  was  befiegcd  by  the 
Britifliiu  171 1,  without  fuccefs;  but  wa» 
taken  by  them,  in  Sept.  1754,  when  the 
brave  Gen.  Wolf,  who  commanded  the" 
army  of  btBegers,  loft  his  life.  In  Dec. 
»77i»  it  was  attacked  by  the  Americans- 
nnder  the  command  of  the  brave  Geo. 
Montgomery,  who  was  flain.and  his  army 
repulied.  N  lat.  46  48  y},  W  long.  72 
iz  6. 

^eechy,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which 
empties  mto  ConneAicut  River  at  Hart« 
land. 

^een  Anne,  i  pbft  town  of  Prince 
George  co.  Marylaiid,fituated  on  the  W 
fide  of  Patuxent  Riyer^  acrufs  which  is  a 
wooden  bridge.  The  town  is  fmallj  but 
is  laid  out  on  a  regular  plan,  at  the  foot 
of  a  hill.  Here  arc  a  few  ftore.^  and  two 
ware*houfes  for  the  infpeiflion  of  tobacco. 
It  is  aj  miles  £  N  E  cf  Wafliington,  13 
S  W  of  Annapoirs,  and  39  S  by  Wol 
Baltimore. 

^len  Anne*Sf  8  cou.nty  of  Maryland, 
bounded  W  by  Chefaneak  Bay,  and  N 
by  Kent  ca  It  contains  14 ,857  inhabit- 
ants, including  6,517  flavcs.  Chief  town, 
Centervitlc.  Kent  Illand  belongs  to  this 
county ;  14'  miles  in  length,  from  N  to  S, 
and  6^  in  breadth,  from  £  to  W.  It  is 
low,  but  fertile  land,  ar^d  its  eaftetn  fidr 
is  bordered  withfalt  marfli. 

9ueen  tbarhtU'i  IJIands,  on  the  N  W 
coali  of  North  Anierica,  extend  from  lar. 
51  4a  to  54  18  N,  and  from  loii^.  129 
54  to  i?3  18  Wfrom  Greenwich.  They 
are  turned  iVoJh'mgton  IJlei'  by  American 
navi!;:'torB, 

^tent,  the  middle  countv  of  I-ong  Iff. 
N.  York.  Lloyd's  Neck,  or  Queen's  Vil- 
lage, and  the  ilTands  called  thcTwo  Broth- 
ers and  Hallet's  Iflands,  are  ineluded  in 
tliis  rotinty.  It  is  about  30  milts  long,  and 
I  a  broad,  and  concnin!)  6  townl1ii|)A,  and 
16,893  inhnbitanrs, including  1,528  Ihves. 
Jamaica.  Newtown,  Hampftead,in  which 
It,  a  handfonie  court  houfe.and  Oyfter  Bay, 
are  the  principal  towns  in  this  county. 
The  county  court  houfe  is  8  miles  from 
J'-imaica,  lo  from  Jtricho,  and  JO  frum 
Ntw  York. 

^uetns,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  com- 
prehtnding  a  p.irt  of  tiic  Limis  on  the 
c.*pc,  on  the  S  iide'of  tlic  IVav  of  Fiiiuiv, 
Ttie  fcttlcincnts  are  as  lolli  \v-)  •.  Ar);y!e, 
oil  the  S  fide  of  the  Bay  of  l-'uiidv,  «  hcrt; 
;i  few  Scotch  anJ  ArrfdiaiH  itficlc  ;  nexf 
10  i!)is  is  Yarniuiitti,  fcttl.cl  chittly  by 
inii;;iants  from  New  liiifjitnil  ;  I],iriinu« 
ton,  within  the  ifland,  ciiltU  C';'n'/  S;ibie, 

fn(!(U 


'irr  m 


Wff 


fettled  originally  by  Quakers  from  Nan> 
rucket.  IkCdet  thefe  are  Port  Raifoir, 
fo  c;illcd  by  the  French,  and  originally 
fettled  by  the  North  Iridi ;  Liverpool  and 
Pprt  Ro/cway,  fettled  and  inhabited  by 
emigrants  from  New  England, 

.^tenjhury,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington 
ro.  N.  York,  bounded  eafterly  by  Wtft- 
ficld  and  Kingfbury.  It  contains  1435 
inhabitants.  Glen's  Falls  are  in  this 
town. 

-  .^eftjiovitif  in  Queen  Ann's  ca  Mary- 
hnd,  a  pod  town  on  the  H  fide  of  Cheder 
River,  o  miles  S  W  of  Centcrville,  nearly 
ao  E  of  Annapolis,  and  6j  from  Wafh* 
iogton. 

Suiiuftowut  in  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the 
\V'  hde  of  the  Straits  of  Niagara,  near  { 
Fort  Niagara,  and  7  miles  bclqw  the  falls.  I 
fc  is  at  the  head  of  navigation,  for  fliips ;  \ 
and  the  portage  o<;cfffione(^  by  the  falls  \ 
of  Niagara  .commences  Yutxt.  There  are  | 
huts  enough  here  to  receive  a  regiment.  < 
•^tfiie.  Fort  flu.    See  PJttJhurgL  \ 

i^lSi/etcwit,  a  village  in  Middlefez  co.  I 
N.  Jcrfey,  6  mildfe  N  of  New  Brunfwick. 
^iio,  an  idand  ip  ^l^e  n\outh  of  the 
bay  of  Panama.    It  is  uninhabited ;  but 
am)rds  wood  and  water  tofliipping. 

^iiea,  a  rich  valley  ip  Peru,  on  which 
(kands  the  ancient  city  of  Arequipa.    The 
port  of  Quitca  is  in  about  lat.  17  8  S,  lo  ^ 
Ir^ues  N  W  of  the  fntall  river  of  Xuly,  j! 
and  6  from  the  volcano  of  Arequipa.        l| 
^iiiata,  a  fmall  jurifdidkion  of  ciuli,  in  | 
South  America.  I; 

^i/ubuug^a  river  fonnerly called  Mi-  I 
trg,!!,,  which  rifes  in  Brimueld,  Matfa-  j  I 
chufetts,  and   is  joined    at   Oxford    byj! 
French  River,  which  has  its  fource  iu  Sut«  i ' 
ton,  Worcefter  ca     It  runs  a  foutherly 
<  (Hirfc,  ^nd empties  into  ShetiuWet, about 
,)  miles  above  Norwich  L;uidmg,  in  Con- 
necticut,    In  the  ia-a  pait  of  its  cuurfe 
it  furniflie*  many  good  mill  feats;  as  it 
advances,  the  intervals  in   many  places 
arc  wide,  and  of  a  mod  excellent  foil. 

^uincy,  a  poft  town  of  Maifachufctfs, 
ill  Norfolk  co.  taken  from  Braiiicree,   10 
tTiilcs  foutherly  of  Boftou.     It   h»s  1,081 
iii!i.ihitants.     The  principal  part  of  tl-o 
mli-ibitants  are  farmers;  but  large  lyiaii^ 
fitits  of  iljocs  and  bouts  are  maui^fiwikur-  , 
1.1   fcir  exporntion.     In  the  town  is  an  I 
rpifcopjl     and    Congre;;.'tii)iul    Lhurcli.  ; 
Here  refidc*  in  eafe  and  digpity  tlu:  vcii- 
tialile  clirifti.m  patriot  John  Alimt,  Lite, 
j^rcfu'ent  f)f  the  U.  St:itcs.     ^-.e  Vnimtrei', 

&uinff(tii^r,  or  E'tJ}  Riv«r,  in  Conncoli-  ; 
tut,  run*  a  i'nuthcrly  tourfe,  and  eni[);ic» 


Q^u  r 

into  the  N  E  comer  of  New  Haven  har- 
bour. 

^imjigamond,  Worufitr^  or  Long  PonJ, 
is  a  beautiful  piece  of  water  in  the  form 
of  a  crefcent, about  5  miles  in  length,  and 
from  60  to  100  rods  bread.    It  is  ntnated 
on  ibc  line  between  the  towns  of  Wor- 
cefter and  Shrewibury,  but  the  greater 
P^tt  of  it  is  in  the  latter.    It  is  interfper- 
fed'  with  a  numher  of  'illa^Si  one  of 
which  i*  upwards  of  loo  acres  in  extent. 
^iiiti.  Bay  tf.    This  bay,  which  may 
be  con&der«a  throughout  as  a  l^rbour,  is 
formed  by  a  large  peni«fula,con(iding  n^ 
the  townmips  of  Amcliafburgh,  Sophiaf- 
burgh,  Rud  Maryfturgh,  extending  ead- 
crly  from  an  iAhmus,  where  ,  there  is  a 
pottage  at  the  head,  or  W,  end  ,of  the 
bay,  to  Point  Pleafant,  the  eafiernmofl 
extremity  of  the  peninfula,  nppofue  to 
AmherA  Idand.    The  river  Xr?"*  emp- 
ties.into  thf:  head  of  the.bify,  W/e(lward  of 
the  pprtage,  and  fupplies  it  with  the  wa- 
ters of  the. Rice  Lake.    WcQwi^r^iof  the 
portage,  in  Lake  Ontario,  is  the  liarbpur 
of  ,Prefque  Ille  de  Qninte,  now  called 
New  Caiile.    This  pemnful^  ot  the;  three 
towpfliips,  called  the  county  of  Prince 
Edward,  extending  from  the  main  land 
like  an  arm,  hjdes  from  tlK-Lake  Ojatario, 
the  townfhips  of  Sidney,  Thurlow^  Adol- 
phiWtown,  and  Frederickiburgh,  which 
front  the  N  fide  of  the  bay.    The  river 
Trent  difcharging  itfelf  between  the  town< 
Iliips  ni^  Murray  and  Sidney,  finds  its  paf* 
fage  between  the  county  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward, and  the  town/liius  uu  the  N .  tide 
of  the  bay;  its  dream  is  increafc4  by  the. 
Appannee  River,  running  m  from  Cam- 
den, and  dividing  Richmond  from  Fred-;, 
ericklburgh,  joins  the  waters  of  the  bay 
near  John's  liland,  a  fmall  ifle  oppniite  to 
a  fettlemcnt  of  Mohawks,  fn  called  aft^r 
Capt  John,  a  Mohawk  chief,  who  rclld-. 
cd  thcfc,  and  who  with  fome  others, oi, 
that  natjon,  had  a  tratSb  «)f  l^nd  ,g\yjca-i 
them  by  the  king  of  Great  Britain,  of^ 
about  9  miles  in  front  ou  the.  t>ay,  and, 
about  12  miles  deep  :  prcfcrri.og  tnis  lltit- 
tion,  they  feparated  from  the  rtfl  of  tlteir.. 
nation,  who  were  fettled  (;fi,the  Grand 
River,  or  Qufe.     The  fertility  of  the  foil 
ahout  the  bay  of  Quinte  is  geucrully  at-  ; 
lowed.    The  land  is  rich, eatily  wrought, 
and  produces  feveral  crops  witlK?ut  ma- 
nure; aj  bufliejs  of  whe^t  are  often  pro-, 
ductd   from   an   acre.      TJic   ti-iubtr  ii* 
much  like  that  of  the  other  p<irts  of  the, 
province,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  ipapk,  &c. 
I'he  bay  is  narrow  throu J|uut,  oud  about 


PemI, 

form 
1,  and 
oatcd 

Wor. 
rcater 
;rfper- 
•ne  of 
extent. 
;h  may 
tow,  n 
i\ing  o^ 
ophiaf- 
ig  eaft- 
re  i»  a 

.of  the 
crnmoft 
)olUe  to 
m  cmp- 
tw^rd  oC 

the  wa- 
•^lof  iht 

Uarbpur 
IV  icaUetl 
the;  thiee 
of  Piipec 
nain  land 
:  Optario, 
jvfi  AdoU 

1,  which 

ihc  river 

thetown- 

dsitspaf* 

'rince  Ed- 

ic  N  fi«Je 

rom  Cam- 
.om  Fred.:, 
jfiht:  bay 

ppolVtc  to. 

lied  att(;r 

•ho  retd-. 

others,  oi, 
l^nd  siyFtti 

ItilAin,  im 

^ihUlittt- 
(tof  tUii,. 
^he  Grand 
[ui' the  foil 

jrally  a*- ; 

wroughtf 

[tlw'ut  ma- 

oftcn  V>ro- . 

tiiivbtr   '» 

irts  vi  the,, 

.apk.  ifec- 

rtud  about 

i9 


19  mile*  leng,  all  vhich  dift^nce  h  !• 
fjmvijj^Me  for  thofe  Imall  veflcU  whi^h 
arc  uftL-doQ  the  lalcfci.     An  app:«rcnt  tide 
li  frequently  noticed  in  the  bay  of  Qnio- 
jlj  not  difiiitHlar  to  thofe  obr«rvv:d  iji  toms 
<>f  the  upper...  lakes.    The  bay  abuundi 
with  wild  fowl,  and  iith  of  various  kind*. 
'4'he  rivet;  Trent  affords  »  falmoa  filhcry. 
iw  palling  from  the  head  of  th^  b.^y  of 
Qainti   into  Lake  Ontario,  ydit  croft  a 
very  (hort  sortage,  in  front  of  the  town- 
fltip  of  Marray,  being  the  ifthmut  )>e- 
tween  it  ^nd  the  pcninluU  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward.   At  the  end  of  the  porugiCraud 
before  you  enter  Lake  Ontar}o,is  a  fniall 
lake,  etceedin^ly  beautiful,  and  the  lano 
oa  its. bank*,  extremely   good:   to   the 
sorthwiar^  of  this. portage  it.  is  propofcd 
to  make  a  canal  to  connedV  the  waters  of 
ibe  bay.  with  thoid  of,  the  lake.    A  little 
to  the  weft  ward  of  tht  portage  aivd  pro- 
pofcd canaU  is  the  harbour  of  Newcaftle, 
f  fituatioi^  well  fuited  for  commerce  a'n4 
{>rote<£tion,  and  Sheltered  from  all  winds. 
j^  kuoll  on  the  peninfula  affords  .a  heal- 
thy (cite  for  the  town.  Smytb. 
..  ,^uite,  IJlt  <ky  in  Lake  Ontario,'U,  Can- 
ada, ,|iea  clofc  off  tht;  Xlior^  of  Ameliaf- 
Uurgh,  and.  oppofite  the  W  point  that 
makes  Sandy  fiay.  ,  ■•■             >      ;.  ^ 
-  ^ifinfianebi,  a  jurifdidtioii  in  the  dio- 
ceb  of  Cufco  in  Peru,'begi^ning  at  the  S 
gates  of  Quito,  and  ftretching.from'E  to  W^ 
^ut  %o  leagues.,  ,Thc  lands  of  this  jurif- 
(liAion  belong;  in  general,  to  the  gentry  of 
Cufco,  and  ^ro4uce.i  plenty  •€  wheat, 
maize  and  fruits.    Here  are  alTo  mann- 
if&Mtet  ot  b^ize    and   roarfe    woollen 
(tuffs.  ,  Part  vof  the  jurifdicftion  borders 
on  the  foreft«  inhabited  by  wild  Indians, 
4tid  profluces  gri^at  (juantities  of  coca,  an 
krb  greatly  ulcu  by  the  Inidlans  working 
in  the  piines.         i         ^     .    . .  .. 
,  ^itapabilla^  A  branch' of  thv  Swetata, 
which  falls   into   the   Sufquehannah   at 
|Middleton. 

$iii»e,  a  province  of  Peni,  in.  S.  Aracr- 
|ica,hi>ying  a  temperate  air^  occaConed 
[by  its  elevated  fuu^tion.  The  plain  of 
iQuito  may  be  con>iderr.d  a!>  the  b^'e  of 
|tl)C  Andes,  (ind  is  higl^cr  above  O'c  IVa 
Itlian  the  top  of  ths,  Pyrenees  in  Europe. 
\\  is  pruty  well  cultiv-it'cd,  smH  the  loViis 
ind  villages  are  p.opu'(ni>i ;  the  nunhwn 
^iiU  ahouiid  with  gold.  'I"Uc  proviuie 
V  about  400  miles  lung  and  ioo  broad. 
[Is chief  towns  arc  Quito  and  I'ayta. 

^''e,  cltief  town  in  ihc  aloivc  prov-  1 
ke,  it  next  to  Lima  in  population,  if  nut 
|i|)friar  ta  iu      Stfoic  liiv   it    ^o.itaidt  I 


:  .     ..•       R  A  C     ,     ..^^ 

-   .  ,    •  * 

35,000,  others  50,000  inhihitant(i.  It  il 
an  inland  city,  and  having  no  mines  in  '\ti 
neighbourhood,  is  chiefly  famous  for  its 
manufatiturcs  of  cotton,  we>ol,  and  flnx, 
which, fupply  thi;  kingdom  of  Peru.  S 
lat.  o  13,  W  long.  77  50.  It  was  fwallow» 
ed  up  by  an  earthquake,  April  34,  1755, 
and,  has  been  rebuilt. 

^iiiva,  a  province  of  California,  thinly 
inh,4bitcd,  and  but  little  known. 

$uixoi,  a  diflri<Sl  of  Peru,  S.  America. 

i^uodjylitjd.    See  Rjflport. 

^uontiijiooi  Pt/nJi,  the  head  of  Ccngea 
;  River.     Set  Hope  or  Barretjo-um', 

'  •  ■  R. 

£\A3LES,  T/leaux,{evcT»\  fmall  iflands 
at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Superior,  Uj>pcr- 
Canada,  and  at  the  £  end  of  it,  E  of. 
White  FilU  iiland,  and  pretty  clofe  to  the 
mai^tland.  ;> 

Sdblei,  ■  Pointe,  aux,,  in  Lake  Superior, 
'  oppqficc  Ifle  aut  Rabies,  the  fird  point  to 
the  tiorthward,  alter  you  enter  the  lake 
from  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 

Jta6y,  a  imall  townfhip  of  New  Hamp- 
fliire,  hi  Hillsborough  ca  about  65  miles 
,  W  by  S  of  Portfmouth,  and  47  N  W  of 
Botlon.  .It.  was  incorporated  in  1760, 
and  contained,  in  1790,  3)8  inhabitauw, 
The.name  has  been  fiace  changrd. 

.  Iiace<^  Cape,  the  S  E  point  of  Ncwfonndr 
land  Ifland,  in  the  North.  Atlantic  OcciUi',' 
4  Ici^ues  S  oT  Cape  Ballard.  N  lat.  46 
43,  W  long-  5»  49- .,  ,7'he  Virgin  Rocks, 
much  dreaded  by  mariners,  ate  about  xo 
leagujcs  to  the  S  £  of  Cape  Race. 

.  Kiice  Point,  (hi  N  W  extremity  of  C.jpe 
Cod, ;  Maflachufctts,  a  league  N  W  of 
Provincttown.  ^  When  within  a  mile  of 
this  point.,  with  a  fair  wind  bnd  tide  of 
flood,  your  courfe  to  liofton  is  N  W  by 
W,  diftancc  15  leagues.  ,A  number  of 
hufs  arc  crwflred  iiere.on  the  looft  r<<ndt 
t>y  thole  who  come  frorti  Provincctown 
to  iiili  .in  boats. 

.li.uLt  Rivit  has  itj  fource  near  that  of 
the  Hudfiin.  Hence  its  couife  is  N  S 
through  tjircc  conlideiubic  I  ikcs  about  40 
njiles,  thtiice  its  courfe  is  N  N  W  through 
mcadbws' which  have  no  timber,  tbcjice 
its  navigation  is  eond  for  30  niilcx,  after 
which,  in  .fO  niiks,  it  has  more  th»n  ao 
lapiJ;,  Hud  (ullh,.  tome,  ao,  fouic  40,  and 
out  150  tett.  Thf  river  here  is  ucner.iliy 
100  yirJs  broad,  but  in  one  place  it  is 
only  five  feet.  AI>out  30  ni.ik*  bf;fore  it 
eaters  ihe  Sc  JL.wrfUce,  it  is  a  gentk 
flrcaiH.  Jiuimuitd, 


O, 


R  A  L 


RAN 


I    1 


JiiJncr.  a  fmall,  pleafatif  town  of  Deh- 
jv^rc  CO.  I'cr.nfy'v'ania.  This  plaet  was 
pjiginally  c^lItU  Amftely  by  the  Dutch, 
wh'i  began  to  build  h.re.  ' 

Rad.iat,  a  town  of  S.  Carolina,  lo  niile»' 
t  W  of  Edinondfbury,  and  3a  N  E  of  Pu- 
lylburg. 

RagiTcJ  Harbour,  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, is  .1  part  cf  Catulina  Bay. 
Many  craggy  rocks  lie  about  the  entrance 
of  it,  both  within  and  witliout ;  fo  that 
it  is  very  dangerous  to  enter.  It  is  two 
leagues  northward  of  Catalina  harl>our. 
T'liet'e  is  good  water  at  the  head  of  the 
harbour.. 

Habviay.     See  Ratvay, 

Raimond,  a  c*^  on  the  ^  Hde  of  the 
S  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo;  %  leagues 
W  of  Point  Baynet  and  11  W  of  Cape 
IMarechaux.  It  has  the  cove  Petite  Anfc 
on  the  eall,  and  that  of  Brefilicre  on  the 
weft. 

Rain  Lake  Pes  to  the  weflward  of  the 
chain  of  lon<T  lakes  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Grand  Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  Upper 
Canada.  The  waters  ot  this  lake  are  lup- 
plicd  from  fources  near  to  the  wencra- 
iDcft  part  of  Lake  Superio.  ;  hut  are  car- 
ried by  a  circuitous  route  into  Hudfon 
Bay.  Smyth. 

RalnBap^  Tuwnjhlp,  in  Norfolk  co.  U. 
Canada,  is  the  firlb  townfliip  fronting  on 
Lake  Erie,  W  of  the  Grand  River  Lands, 

Raifin  IJlet,  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  Upper 
Canada. 

.  Raifins,  Riviere  aux,  U.  Canada,  runs 
through  the  tgwufliips  of  Ofnabruck  and 
Cornwall,  the  ladian  land  cppoiitc  to  St. 
lElegis  and  the  townfliip  of  Charlottef- 
burgh,  emptying  itfeif  into  Lake  St.  Fran- 
cis, near  the  S  W  angle  of  the  latter 
townfliip. 

Rttlelgb  To-wi>Jblp,  in  ?G):x  co.  U.  C^na- 
'da,  lies  W  of  Harwich  ;    the  Thames 
bounding  it  N,  and  Lake  Erie  S. 

.  Rolny  IJlaml  Rfvet,  a  fmall  river  of  thr 
Indiana  Territory  ;  having  a  northweft 
co'irfe,  and  empties  into  Illinois  River, 
about  half  way  between  the  Little  Rocks 
and  Illinois  Lake,  and  155  miles  from  the 
MiOiiippi.  It  is  15  yards  wide,  and  is 
navigable  o  miles  to  the  rocks. 

Rainy,  or  Lonf^  Laic,  lies  E  of  the  Lake 
of  the  Wood.-,  and  W  of  LHkc  Superior. 
It  is  faid  to  be  nearly  100  miles  long,  and 
in  no  part  above  20  miles  wide.  See 
Rain  Late. 

Raiti^l),  the  prcfcnt  feat  of  government 
o£»N.  Carolina,  fitudted  in  Wake  county, 
ihcat  10  mi\i;»  from  Wake  court  houTe. 


In  Dec.  I79r,  the  General  AflemMy  of 
the  State  appropriated  yTio.oco  toward 
ere<fling  public  buildingii,  and  named  it 
after  the  celebrated  Sir  Walter  Ralei;;;!i, 
under  whofe  direiSlion  the  firftfcttlement 
ill  N.  America  was  made  at  Roanoke  Ift- 
and,  iu  Albemirle  Sound.  Thd  (late 
hcufe,  a  large  handfome  building,  hat 
been  lately  ilnifhed,  and  cofl  j(]6,oco. 
Several  other  buildings  have  been  ercdl- 
ed.  and  a  number  of  dwelling  hoiifes. 
The  plan  is  regular,  the  ftrcets  interfer- 
ing each  other  at  right  angles.  Its  re- 
motenefs  from  navigation  is  a  great  dif- 
advantage.  It  is  61  miles  N  by  E  of  Fay- 
etteville,  14  7- from  Pctcrfburg  in  Vsrginiai 
and  448  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

RamaJa,  a  maritime  town  of  Granada, 
in  S.  America.  Near  it  is  a  copper  min& 
N  lat.  1 1  to,  W  long.  7  a  20. 

Ram/ay's  MHlt,  in  N.  Carolina,  are  fit- 
uated  at  the  confliience  of  Deep  with  the 
N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  River ;  about 
35  miles  S  W  of  Hillfborough,  and  55  f 
£  af  Guildford  court  houfe. 

Ranal,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands,  i» 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  N  of  Tahoorowa, 
and  N  W  of  Mowee  and  Owhyhee.  It 
has  al)Out  14,000  inhabitants.  It  aboucdt 
with  yams,  fweet  potatoes,  and  taro,  but 
has  ft^w  plaintains  or  breail-fruit  trees. 

Rancheira,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  it 
the  province  of  New  Granada.  N  bt. 
It  34,  W  long.  TV. 

Ranchent,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
New  Mexico,  in  lat.  7  14  N  It  is  near 
the  ifland  of  Quib*,  andf  affords  timber 
fit  for.mafls. 

Ranialphy  a  poft  town.of  MaflTachufettr, 
formed  of  the  S  precintSt  of  Craintree,  it 
Norfolk  CO.  in  the  year  1793.  It  is  15 
miles  S  by  £  of  Bofton.  The  inhabitanti 
are  i,oai  modly  farmers,  but  manufac- 
ture large  quantities  of  flioes  for  market. 

Randnlph,  a  county  of  HilUborough  dif- 
tri<a,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  N  E  by  Or- 
ange,.and  N  W  by  Guildfoul.    It  containi 
9,234  inhabitants,  including  607   (laves, 
Its  court  houie  is  585  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia.   The  greattft  part  of  the  people 
are  Quakers ;    the  other  denominations  I 
are   Prclbyterian?,.  Baptifh,  Methodifti, 
and  Univerfalifh.    Their  good  land  pro- 1 
duces  40  or  5c  buflicls  of  Indian  corn,nr  j 
ao  of  wheat  per  acre.     Chief  town,  A^- 
bat  iiu^h. 

RmJolpb,  a  connty  of  Virginia,  boundfi  I 
N  by  Monongalia,  and  S  by  Pendletnal 
It  has  1,741  inhabitants.  Cheat  Rivtr.l 
the  «a(l«rn  br^^ch  of  Monougahcla  Rivcr>[ 

rift)  I 


fiiii<  her< 

ilany  moi 

RanJtIp 

Vermont, 

on  Conne 

iiabitants. 

town  is  xvi 

■Kiver.    Jt 

/oj^S"  and 

iationaJ  nn 

itceple.    .It 

Rindulpi^ 

*|tfry,  COM 

,^uding  to; 

RaHd'jK,  a 

w.ojit,  W  of 

■or  diftri«a,  ti 
P"t  of  the 
'joundary  to 
M>e  French 
round  St.  Ra] 

W0U8,buttlK 

"Very  hot.    I 
fwved  as  a  ch 
(With  the  Fren 
«n«iutJ  or  d 
town  of  all  I 
«*«ues  S  W  o 
Wh  which  pa 
<*c-  The  town 
fontherly  of  Ca 
Pf  St.  Domingo 
Jicpbdel^Cape 
mtngo.is.theS 
"agues  diftant 
f-apc  Samana  o 
"  fituated  in  lat 
?'  3J  30  W  1 
Raphael.orCap, 
to  Pttnta  Efpadi 
JOo,  the  countn 
wcadth  nearly  \ 
^  **/*'".  a  tow 
I'eiHifylwaHia. 

Rapid  Attn,  a  i 

"'Ij'ch  joins  the  S 

milts  above  Fred 

^^Pid  Plat\  IJl, 

«?ce.  U.  Caiud. 

fl-'P  of  Matilda,  c 
'he  foil  is  good, 

«ft'ic  townfliip  0 

^H  River,  AM 

f^fpabannotk,  a 

''''■g'nia,  which  ri; 

,  «d  runs  about  13 

*.«nd  enters  into  ( 

.  Jndmill  and  Sti 


rachufettff 
aintrec,  i« 

It  is  15 
ihabitanti 
manut'ac- 
or  marlcit. 
irougU  Aif" 
E  hy  Or- 
It  contain* 
5o7  flavcs. 
rom  Pl'il*' 
the  people 
ominati*'"* 

[ctho(lift»i 
_  land  pro- 
lan corn, or  I 

L,bounaf'i| 
Ptnakton. 


RAP 

viu  lier«,  on  the  N  W  iidc  of  £hc  AWfg- 
iiany  mountains. 

RanJalpb,  a  pod  town  Jn  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  the  4th  town  W  ofThetford 
on  Connedlicut  PJver.  It  has  1,841  in- 
habitants. The  £  and  W  TuLe  of  the 
town  is  watered  by  a  branches  of  While 
Ki  f  er.  Jt  haa  a  large  bed  of  iron  ore,  2 
gorges  and  a  flitting  mill.  The  congre- 
gational meeting  houfe  is  large  and  has  a 
ileeple.    It  is  45  miles  froniRutland. 

Kjndulph,  a  county  of  the  Indiana  Ter- 
vitory,  containing  1,103  inhabitants,  in- 
.^uding  107  flaves. 

Hand'jttt,  a  townfliip  in  EfTcx  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Brui>fwiek. 

RapLaely  a  fertile  and  healthy  canton, 
or  diitritft,  the  weflernmofl:  iu  the  Spanifli 
.part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Dominga  Its 
Ixiundary  to  the  N  is  formed  in  ^art  of 
(he  French  parifli  <}onaivcs.  The  air 
round  St.  Raphael  is  very  cool  and  faiu- 
lirious,  but  tlie  towii,  which  is  in  a  hollow, 
is  very  hot.  It  has  a  little  garriibn,  which 
ferved  as  a  check  on  the  finuggling  trade 
9vith  the  French.  Atalaye^  (that  is^  the 
ccntiuel  or  difcowy)  the  weQernmoft 
town  of  all  the  Spanifli  colony,  is  %\ 
Ickgaes  S  W  of  the  town  of  St.  Raphael, 
both  which  parifhes  are  annexed  to  Hin- 
che.  The  town  of  St.  Raphael  is  10  leagues 
fontherly  of  Cape  Fxancuis,  and  72  N  W 
of  St.  Domingo  city,  as  the  coad  runs. 

RapbatlyCape  St.  at  the  £  end  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, ii.the  S  £  limit  of  Samana  Bay,  7^ 
itagues  dillant  in  that  dire<Slioa  from 
Cape  Samana  or  Cape  Rezon,  which  laft 
\i  fituated  in  lat.  19  15  40  N,  and  long. 
7'  33  30  W  from  Paris,  From  Cape 
Raphaeljor  Cape  of  the  Round  Mountain, 
to  Pdnta  £fpada,  the  S  £  point  of  the  ifl- 
and, the  country  is  level  16  leagues,  by  a 
breadth  nearly  ^qual. 

Sapbie,  a  townfliip  io  Lancafter  co. 
PcDofylvania. 

Rapid  Ann,  a  fmall  river  of  Virginia, 
which  joins  the  Rappahannock,  about  to 
Biilts  above  Frederickfburg. 

Rapid  Plat,  IJle  au,  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
fence,  U.  Canada,  iu  front  of  (he  town- 
fliip of  Matilda, contains  about  soo  acres. 
The  foil  is  ^ood,  and  lies  partly  in  front 
t>f  the  townfliip  of  Wiliiamfburgh. 

Rapid  Rivtr,  a  water  of  Hudfon  Bay, 

R'fppabannoik,  a  large  navigable  river  of 
Virginia,  wiiich  rifes  in  tlie  Blue  Ridge, 
Md  runs  about  130  miles  from  N  W  to  S 
£.ind  enters  into  C^iefapeak  Bay  between 
Windmill  and  Stingray  points.  It  wa- 
(M9tl|«  towns  of  Faiiaoutb,  Frodcrickf- 


R  A  W 

burn,  ?ott  Royal,  Leeds,  Tappahannocfc; 
and  Utbanna.  It  afTurds  4  fatlKinis  wa- 
ter to  Hubbs's  Hole,  and  a  from  thence 
to  Fredcrickfburg,  no  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  1^  leagues  from  OWin's  Ifl- 
anda,  and  6  northward  of  New  Point 
Comfort.  A  fingle  lump  of  gold  ore  has 
been  found  near  the  falls  of  this  river, 
which  yielded  17  dwt.of  gold,  of  extraor- 
dinary dudlility.  No  other  indication  of 
gold  lias  been  dii'covcred  in  its  neigh- 
bourhood. 

Rsfpo  Rappa,  a  bay  in  the  ifland  of 
Mowec,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands. 

Raritan  Rivcry'm  New  Jcrfcy,  is  formed 
by  two  conGderable  ftreams  called  the  N 
and  S  branches;  the  fource  of  the  one  is 
in  Morris  co.that  of  the  other  in  Hunter- 
don CO.  It  pafies  by  Brunfwick  and  Am- 
boy,  and  mingling  with  the  waters  of  the 
Arthur  Kull  Sound,  helps  to  form  the 
fine  harbour  of  Amboy.  At  Rariton 
Hills,  through  which  this  river  pafTes,  is: 
a  fniall  cafcade,  where  the  water  falls  15 
or  ao  feet,  very  romantically  between  % 
rocks.  Oppofite  to  Brunfwick,  the  river 
is  fo  iliallow,  that  it  is  fotdable  at  low  wa- 
ter for  horfes  and  carriages ;  but  a  little 
below  it  deepens  fo  faft,  that  a  ao  gun 
fliip  itinr  ride  fecurcly  at  any  time  of 
tide.  "Ilie  tide  rifes  fo  high,  that  large 
ihallops  ufed  to  pafs  a  mile  above  the 
fort ;  fo  that  it  was  no  uncommon  tiling 
to  fee  vtffcls  of  confiderable  burthen  rid- 
ing at  anchor,  and  a  number  of  large  riv- 
er craft  lying  abpve,  fome  dry,  and  oth- 
ers on  their  beam-cuds  fur  want  of  water, 
within  gun  lliot  of  each  other.  Copper 
ore  has  been  found  on  the  upper  part  of 
this  river ;  and  in  the  year  1754,  the  ore 
of  this  mine  fold  for  ^ht  Aetiiiig  per  ton. 
being  of  inferior  quality  to  that  on  Paf- 
faik  River. 

Rariton,  a  town  fituated  between  the 
mouth  of  the  N  branch  of  the  above  riv- 
cr,  and  Boundbrook,  5  miles  VV  N  VV  of 
Boundbrook,  and  12  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

JiatiU-Stj.'e  IJlandt  lie  at  the  wcftera 
end  of  Lake  Erie. 

Raviapjkitchwock,  a  fmall  wefljrly  branch 
of  Machias  River,  on  which  are  feveral 
mills,  near  which  are  the  meeting  huufc 
and  the  county  court  houfe,  in  the  tuwit 
of  Machias. 

Raivdon,  a  town  of  Nova  Scoti?.,  40 
miles  from  Hahfax,  containing  about  59 
or  60  houfes. 

RjtvdoH  7'otvnjhip,  in  the  county  of 
HaAiugs,  U.  Canadii,  lies  in  the  rear,  an4i 
N  of  Sidney. 


RAY 


RE  A 


Jfaiffy,  or  Br'idgitctun,  a  lively  coirmer- 
fial  vtltngc  of  Middlefex  co.  N  Jcrfey.  on 
Raway  River,  4  or  5  miles  S  W  of  £liz« 
ahetl)  I'own,  ^nd  75  from  Philadelphia. 
It  euntains  a  i'rcibyterian  church«  and 
,ab<nit  jO  or  60  houfis.  Here  is  a  pbl't 
pffice. 

J<a\moHd,  a  townfliip  in  Ilockinghpm  co. 
New  Hampfliire,  la  or  14  milts  wefterly 
of  Extter,  and  3a  from  Fortfmoiith.  )t 
^98  incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains 
808  inhabitants.  ■.■■■■<■■ 

Rayfxond,  or  Raywondtijtvn,  a  pofl  town 
in  Cumberland  CO.  Maine,  142  milea  N 
l4  £  of  Boflon,  and  coiitViitiS  ^/ss  iuhabit- 
anr.o.  A  flream  from  Songo  Fond,  after 
palling  through  part  of  Greenland,  Wa- 
tcrford  and  Otiofieid,  falls  into  tlie  H  £ 

Sart  of  Sebago  Lake  in  this  fettlement. 
he  land  is  generally  level,  ejctpt  one 
large  hill,  named  Rattlefnakc  hill,  from 
its  abounding  with  thofe  reptiks.  Here 
ktre  fomc  IVrclls  of  good  land,  but  the 
jgreater  part  of  the  gro>vt|i  is  pine  and 
!ivhite  oak,  and  the  land  i«  hard  to  fubdue. 
JRaynbum,  a  townfliip  of  Malfachufetts, 
BriAol  CO.  taken  fronv  Taunton,  and  in- 
rorporated  in  1731.  It  contain*  i,i8i 
inhabitants.  A  confiderahle  parf  of  the 
town  lies  upon  a  ciriular  bend  of  Taun- 
ton River,  which  ig  between  7  and  ^  rods 
Tridc,  ancl  afTords  great  plenty  of  herrings 
and  othjcr  fiOi,  but  (o  unfavourable  h  it, 
in  this  place,  to  feining  or  fifhing,  fhat 
the  exclufive  privilege  pf  iiibing-isanhu- 
ally  fold  for  tcfs  than  izfliillings;  ^nrhilfl 
the  fame  privilege,  in  Bridgewater  and 
Middleborough,  (towns  whieh  bound 
this,  the  former  on  the  £,  the  latter  on 
the  N)  is  annually  fold  for  ;£ 250.  Be 
JCdes  the  grear  river,  there  are  fev^ral 
ufeful  flreams;  upon  which  ntc  6  faw 
mills,  3  grift  milli^  a  fufnac<:,a  forge,  and 
jTulling  mill.  There  are  numerous  ponds 
in  this  townfhip,  of  whicli  Mippanigiirt 
or  Nippahonfet  is  2  miles  long,  and  i  iK 
breadth.  Here  alewives,  in  millions,  an- 
nually  refort  and  leave  their  fpawht.  An 
excellent  kind  of  iron  tire,  and  various 
kinds  of  fifb,  are  f(  und'  her^.  Befides 
the  ufual  bufmefs  of  hufba'ndry  and  me- 
chanics, numbers  ate  here  iemployed  in 
the  manufadlorics  of  bar-iron,  hollow 
■ware,  nails,  iron  for  vefTels,  iron  fhbvels, 
pot  afli,  fliingles,  &c.  The  firft  forge  fct 
up  in  America  was  introduced  into  this 
town  by  James  and  Henry  Leonard,  na> 
tives  of  England,  in  165 a.  This'forge 
was  fituated  oh  the  gVcftt  road,  and  is  ftill 
it  employ  by  the  fan>ily  cf  lieonarde  of 


the  6th  generation ;  a  family  rmarkal^le 
for  longevity,  promotion  to  public  vllnce\ 
and  a  kind  of  hereditary  attachment  td 
the  irrtn  niahufadtiird.  King  Philip's 
huuting-houfe  nudd  on  the  hnithern  fide 
of  Fp^uliiig  fciiJ,  which  is  I J  miles  front 
the  forpc.  'In  the  winfer  fcMfuki,  the  In- 
dian i^ionarch  refided  at  Mount  Hope, 
probably  for  the  benefit  cf  ^fh.  Philip 
and  the  Leonards  liVrd  on  fuch  good 
term*,  and  fuch  was  Philip's  frirndflilfi 
nnd  gcnerofity,  that  a^  ifoon  as  the  war 
broke  out  in  167 jf,  which  ended  in  the 
deatji  of  tlie  king  and  the  ruin  of  his  tribei 
lit;  gave  out  ftri«£t  orders  to  all  \Ai  Imlians; 
never  to  hurt  tlic  Leonards.  Before 
Philip's  war,  Fowling  Pond  wai  a  mil«» 
long,  and  |'tfia  of  a  mile  wide.  Now,  the 
water  is  alinoft  gone,  and  the  large  trad^ 
it  ouce  covered  i4  grown  up  to  a  thick 
fct  lVamp~of  cedar  and  pine.  The  foil 
of  this  pond  has  alfo  a  prolific  virtue  in 
generating  ore.  Copious  beds  of  ore,  iri 
this  part  of  Ihe  coiinriy.arc  ufually  found 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  pirtc  fwamps,  or 
near  to  foils  natural  to  the  growth  of 
pine  pr  cedar.  In  this  place  there  has 
been  almoft  an  inexh  audible  fund  of  ex- 
cellent ore,from  which  the  forge  has  been 
fupplied'antl  kept  going;  for  more  thaii 
Bo  years,  befides  grieat  qUantitits  carried 
to  other  works ;  arid  yet  here  ia'ore  dill: 
Though,  like  qther  thing*  in  ji  ftate  of 
yourii,  it  is  weak  anil  incapjible  of  being 
wrought  into  iron  of  the  befl  quillity. 

Hazoir,  Pint,  at  the  S  W  titrerorty  of 
the  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  arid  N  £  of 
Cape  Negro,         '  ' 

Razi.r  IJland  is  4  leagues  S  of  the  mouth 
of  Rio  Janeiro  Bay,  orSanta  Crii^  Pointj 
on  the  coaft  of  Brazil. 

Readftld,  a'poft  town  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Mainc>  %  miles  W  Of  Hallowell,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  E,  and  the  eaf^ern  brancit 
of  Aitd^ofcoggin  River  fcparates  it  frotri 
Sterling  on  the  W.  'it  is  N of  WinthropJ 
and  190  miles  N  £  of  Boftoa. 

Reading,  a  tow^ifhtp  of  Connedlicut, 
Fairfield  cp.  S  of  Danbury,  adjoining.  It 
has  1,492  inhabitants. 

Readint; ,  ?  large  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts, ;  -  Miiiuletcx  (:o.  la  milesN  of  BoP 
ton.  I*  was  iiicorpbrated  in  1644,  and 
contains  3,025  inhabitants.  Between  i 
and  306,000  pair  of  (hoes  are  annually 
manufa«ilurcd  in  this  towii  for  'exporta- 
tion. 

Reading,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  Wind- 
for  CO.  W  of  Wjndlvr,  adjoining.  It  con- 
tains i,isoiohabitints. 


,ca(>ital  o 
afed  on  fi 
40  miles  i 
anon,  (wl 
joins  the 
•with  thoil 
of  Philadi 
ton.    It  ii 

i aid  out,  t 
lans.'  It 
The  publi 
court  houf 
jnitinLuthc 
for  Calvin 
"  meeting , 
edifice  for 
rriiles  from 
hiburgh,  is 
and  io  feet 
iPious  flrtar 
An  txagger, 
peen  given 
heigf)bourh< 
fevcral  iron 
of  Berk's  ai 
f'rgM.  In  J 
"7  the  couni 
bridge  over 
on  the  high  1 
diftant  W  |jj 

Rtulmgtovi 
,don  CO.  New 
of  New  Bru 
«b»non. 

ReodTt  Say 
"ndofBarbad 
"ole  Tciwn  j 

^bouthalfan 
Ships  may  ani 
,*•«»»  fiithor 
9ore,anddcfc 
«;";  W,  which 

"  ^*-  »3  7.  VI. 

RiadJbnrougJ,^ 

CO.  Vermont,  4 

Reatego,   a  tO 

caragua,  New  j 
on  the  caflern  1 
»ear  its  mouth, 
fo  which  ft  ^tt 
3  churches,  and 
by  a  very  fi„e 
fickly.hyreafoi 

ft;  chief  trade  18 
NIat.  tz  ,7^  Iff 

■*««/,  a  barbt 
ff '»  the  ftrong 
? 'at.  8  10,  W  Jo 


Vv    J^^^ 


M  td 

nfide 

from 

ic  In- 

Ho\ie, 
Philiii 

ndfli'R 
ic  vat 
in  the 
» trtbf, 
niliavis; 
Before 
a  milt* 
[ow,  the 
ge  trai^ 
a  thick 
Ihe  fo\\ 
rinue  in 
if  ore,  i«i 
lly  found 
amps,  or 
rowth  of 
here  ha« 
nd  of  ex. 
:  has  beca 
nbre  thaii 
fcs  cafried 
i»oie  ftilt 
a  ftate  of 
e  of  being 
aiMty. 
tremity  of 
i  NE  of 

the  mouth 
ru^  Point; 

rebeck  co. 
gll,  which 
^rnbrancH 
|es  it  froni 
iTinthropi 


Inncdticut, 
fining. 


It 


iMaffachu- 
^^ofBof- 

||644.  ao4 

etwcen  i 

annually 

'cxpoita- 

pnt,  Wind- 
It  con- 


Mtat^'irg,  a  beautiful  pod  town,  and  the  ' 
f afiital  of  Bcrk'g  co.  Pennfylvania,  fitu- 
'ated  un  the  N  E  fide  of  Schuylkill  Rirer, 
'40  miles  S  W  of  Bethlehem,  a8  £  of  Leb- 
anon, (where  the  canal  commences  which 
joins  the  waters  of  the  S'wetara  Creek 
•with  thofe  of  Schuylkill  River)  54  N  W 
of  Philadelphia,  and  14$  from  Vi'^flung- 
'ton.     It  is  a  floiirilhing'town,  regularly 

iaid  out,  and  inhabited  chiefly  by  Ger- 
nnns.'  It  contains  about  600  houfes. 
The  public  buildings  are  a  ftone  gaol,  a 
court  houfe,  an  cicg.int  ch'itch  for  Ger- 
;niin  Lutherans,  ^rcdled  hi  1793,  a  church 
for  Calvinifl!!,  one  for  Roman  Catholics, 
a  meeting  hoUfc  for  Friends,  and  a  large 
edifice  for  the  public  offices.  About  10 
miles  from  this  town,  on  the  road  to  Har- 
rifburgh,  is  a  fpring  about  15  feet  deep, 
and  io  feet  acrofs,  from  which  ilTites  a  co- 
pious flrtamj  containing  fome  fine  trbut. 
An  exaggerated  account  of  this  fpring  has 
^een  given  by  fome  travellers.  In  th« 
heighbourhood  are  10  fulling  niilU  and 
feveral  irou  works.  '  In  the  whole  county 
of  Berk's  are  5  f|irnaces,  and  as  many 
forges.  In  Nov.  i79S,£ti,ooo  was  voted 
by  the  county  for  building  a  flone  arched 
bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  at  this  town, 
on  the  high  road  to  Harrifburg,  53  miles 
diftant  W  by  S. 

Readingtovjn^oe  RidJentvtvn,  in  Hunter- 
don CO.  New  Jerfey,  17  miles  N  W  by  W 
of  New  Bruofwick,  and  about  11  £  of 
Lebanon. 

Seoirt  Bay,  a  road  for  flilps  in  the  ifl- 
and  cf  fiarbadoes,about  half  way  between 
Hole  Town  aitd'  Speight^s  Town.  It  is 
kbout  hatf  a  mile  over,  but  more  jn  depth. 
Ships  may  anchor  !iere  in  fafety,  iii  from 
6  to  1}  fiithoms  watjcr,  the  ground  foft 
(^07e,  and  defended  from  all  winds,  except 
the  W,  which  blo^s  right  into  the*  bay, 
NIat.  13  7,Wlong.59  47. 

Rtatj/bvrougfi,  a  pofl  town  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vermont,  435  miles  from  Wafhington. 
JStialfgo,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Ni- 
caragua, New  Spain ;  fituated  on  a  plain, 
on  the  eaftern  bank  of  a  river  of  its  name, 
near  its  mouth,'  30  mjles  N  W  of  Leon, 
to  which  k  fervcs  is  a  harbour.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  an  hofpiital,  furrounded 
by  a  very  fine  garden  ;  but  the  place  is 
fickly,  by  reafon  df  neighbouring  fwanips. 
Its  chief  trade  is  in  pitch,  tar,  and  cotdage. 
NIat.  iz  17,  W  long.  87  36. 
'  Xeceif,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
and  is  the  ftrongeft  place  on  ail  that  coaft. 
plat.  8  to, W  long.  35  35. 
Mecovety,  Fort,  in  tjje  {ndiana  Territory, 


is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  the  'Wahaib 
River,  about  13  miles  from  Greenville, 
and  98  N  by  W  of  Cincinnati.  It  con- 
lifts  of  two  blork-houfts  an4  barrack^ 
with  curtains,  fufticicnt  for  60  men. 

Red,  a  river  in  Tenneflee,  a  water  Of 
Cumberland  River,  with  whidi  it  mingles 
at  the  N  bend,  about  a  utiles  N  W  of 
Clarkrville.  It  isboatablea  con^dcrable 
difiance.  ^ 

Rtd,  a  principal  branch  of  Kentucky 
River,  which  heads  arid  interlocks  with 
a  main  branch  of  Licking  River,  and  run^ 
a  S  W  cowrfe,  into  Kentucky  River,  about 
9  miles  above  Boonfboroygh.  It  is  60 
yards  wide  at  the  mouth. 

Rtd,  a  weftcrn  branc^  of  Miflilippi 
RiVer,  in  lat.  31  N.  Here,  it  is  faid,  FeT- 
diuando  de  Soto  ended  his  difcoveries  and 
died,  at  a  plac<i' called  Guacoyi,  May  11, 
1543.     Sec  Rouge  River,  and  Loui/iana. 

Red  Bank,  on  the  S  £  fide  of  Delaware 
River,  in  the  town  of  Woodbury,  in  Gluu- 
cefter  co.  N.  Jerfey.  The  fituation  Is  efe- 
valcjd,  and  the  fort  built'^here  during  the 
war,  ftood  ^,^00  yards  from  Fort  Illand, 
and  ahou^  7  miles  S  of  Philadelphia.  U 
coft  the  firitiiii  400  men,  killed  and 
wounded,  btfore  they  ,could  reduce  the 
g^rrifon  in  t777i   '     >    " 

Rid  Heei,  in  Dutchcfs  co.  New  York,  iti 
the  towufliip  of  B  hynebeck,  where  is  a 
poft  ot^qe,  on  the  £  bank  of  Hudfon  Riv- 
er, 21  miles  S  of  Hudfon,  and  116  N  of 
New  York." 

Redmidn,  a  rock  between  Montrerra([ 
and  Nevis,  Carribbee  Iflands.  It  is  about 
a  league  in  circuit.of  a  round  form  where 
is  neither  culture  nor  inhabitants.  N  lat. 
17  6,  W  long.  61  35. 

Reed/htreugh,  or  Read/htrougb,  the  S  Ji. 
townlnip  of  Bennington  co.  Vermont.  Tt 
contains  334  inhabitants. 

Reed/lotvn,  now  Strong,  late  Plantation 
No.  3,  W  fide  of  Kenncbeck  B.iver. 

Reedy  JJland,  in  Delaware  l^iver,  59 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  is  90  miles 
from  Bombay  Hook,  and  is  the  rendez- 
vous of  outward  bound  (hips  in  autumn 
and  fpring,  waiting  for  a  favourable  wind. 
The  courfc  from  this  tp  the  Hsi  is  S  S  E, 
fo  that  a  N  W  wind,  which  is  the  prevail- 
ing wind  in  thefe  feafons,  is  fair  fur  vef- 
fels  to  put  t)ut  to  fea.  There  is  a  fecure 
harbour  here,  at  I^ort  Penn,  where  piers 
have  been  eredted  by  the  State  of  Peiln- 
fylvania.  The  ifland  is  about  3  milea 
long,  and  not  more  than  one-fourth  of  % 
mile  wide.  It  was  formerly  banked  in; 
but  is  now  under  cultivation,  and  is  over- 

fl«wed 


!  n 


%% 


wh 


\  n^ 


i: 


R  E  e 


iicTKeA  in  high  tides.  There  it  n  rhAniel 
oil  each  fule  of  the  ifiand  ;  hut  vcil'eU, 
cfpccialiy  large  ones,  chuui'e  tu  keep  the 
taRcrn  iidc. 

\  jReedy  Rivir  Sbnal,  a  puft  town  in  (>reen* 
fcid  CO.  b.  Carolina,  jj 7  miles  fr.utn  Wafli- 
inginn. 

R'tl/oot,  a  fmali  navigable  river  of  Ten- 
ncli'ce,  which  cn;ptitT.  into  the  t iver  MilTi- 
iippi,  about  35  i)vtlcs  S  of  the  Ohio.  It 
u  30  yards  wide  7  miles  trotn  its  ntcuth. 
One  of  its  hranchca  riles  04  the  borders 
of  Kentucky. 

fticinjfe'.vn,  or  L.amfiown,  a  fioall  poft 
town  ol  Lancailer  co.  Pcnnfylvania,  on  a 
Areant  which  empties  into  Calico  Creek, 
a  water  of  Coneno^a,  tvhich  falls  into 
the  .Sufciuehannah.  It  contains  about  40 
hoHi'es,  and  is  16  miles  N  E  ofl.ancafteri 
and  62  N  W  by  N  of  Phiiadelphia. 

Megity  St.  a  village  of  U.  Canada,  oti  the 
St.  Lawrence,  half  a  mile  N  from  the  N  , 
liqe  of  the  United  States.  It  flands  on 
a  beautiftil,  elevated  plain  in  the  angle 
between  the  mouth  of  St.  Regis  River  and 
the  3t.  Lawrence;.  It  confifls  of  about  80 
houfes  of  hewn  logs,  iphabittd  by  about 
100  Indian  families.  I'iiey  are  of  the 
Caghnowaya  tribe,  and  have  lived  here 
Abbat  50  years.  They  are  peaceable, 
}iontft,aud  induftrious.  Foot  raees,  play, 
jng  at  ball,  dnd  dancing,  ate  their  divcr- 
ftous.  They  are  Roman  Catholics,  have 
a  handfomc  ftone  church,  with  a  fpire, 
|ind  generally  a  minider.  I'hcfe  Indians 
have  .^0,000  acres  of  land  rcfervcd  to 
them  foutb  of  the  vfflzgc.  I'hcy  keep  a 
great  number  of  horfes  and  cattle.  They 
jaife  plenty  of  corn  -on  the  ftrtile  rilairdB 
in  St.  Lawrence.  From  St.  Regis  there 
is  a  good  read  to  Piattfburg  on  Champlain. 
The  diflance  i;)  7  a  mile;*. 

Regis,  Sf.  a  river  uf  Canada,  which 
rifcs  from  lakes  ncjr  R;icket  River,  and 
enters  the  St.  Lawrence  at  the  viUsge  of 
the  fame  name. 

R^goltls,  the  name  of  the  paiTage  from 
tlie  noithern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
into  Lake  Pontchartrain,  which  has  com- 
munication, through  Matirepas  Lake  and 
the  Gut  of  Ihbcrville,  with  MiOiQppi 
River;  or  the  gcntral  name  of  the  illes 
in  the  inner  part  of  the  channel  into  that 
lake.  The  diftance  from  Lake  Pontchar- 
train through  the  Ucgolits  is  10  miles, 
nnd  between  3  and  400  yards  broad,  and 
lined  \vith  marllies  oa  each  fide.  On 
tile  S  fide  of  the  Rcgolets,  and  near  to  the 
entrance  from  the  gulf,  there  is  a  large 
pafli!i£e  into  the  Lake  Bor^nc,  or  Biiod 


Lalre ;  snd  by  lome  creeks  that  /all  inln 
it,  finall  craft  iiiav^oas  far  as  the  planta- 
tions on  the  MiHiiippi.aiid  there  is  a  paC- 
fagc  between  the  Lak'.s  Untgue  and  Pont- 
chartrain ;  but  tiljver  by  ihi»,  or  that  of 
tht  ilt-golcts,  6  and  fometimts  7  feet  i« 
the  decpcfl  water  through.  Near  the  en- 
trance at  the  eailend  ot  the  Rcgoietsand 
on  the  north  fide,  are  the  principal 
n>«uths  «f  Pearl  River.  From  the^ego- 
lets  to  the  Bay  of  St;,  Loui«  is  18  miles. 

Hutebim. 
X'totttl),  a  pod  town  of  M.-urachn(°etcs, 
in  Criftol  co.  on  a  branch  t)f  Providence 
River,  a  few  miles  from  Providence,  in 
Rhode-Lland,  40  miles  foutherly  from 
Budon.  It  was  called  Seeonitet  by  the  In- 
dians ;  was  incorporated  in  164J,  and 
containif  4,743  inhabitants. 

RriflerJitviH,  a  poft  towa  in  Baltimore 
CO.  Maryland,  10  miles  S  £  of  M>eftmiiv> 
fler,  nearly  t6  N  W  of  Baltimore,  and  6j 
from  Wafliington. 

Rsmtu,  Grand,  tl)ird  townfliip,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  lies  be- 
tween the  IDc  de  Trnis,  Qheaaux  ecartet 
and  tlie  main  land,  about  44  30  N  lat. 

R.itvyme't  jUifiour,  OH  the  £  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Iflaud,  is  about  »|  miles 
from  Cape  Race.  Its  entrance  is  rather 
dangerous,  but  it  is  i'  good  harbour  to 
fill)  in  ;  and  is  nmch  frequented  by  boats 
and  fhallops,  in  the  fifliing  feafon.  Half 
a  league  from  the  S  point  is  a  high  tock, 
(allctl  ReuoweV  Point,-  which  may  be 
fcen,  in  a  clear  day,  3  leagues  off. 

Rrnjitair,  a  county  Of  the  State  of  N- 
York,  bounded  M  by  Wafhington  co.  S 
by  Cohin»l>ia,  E  by  part  of  the  States  of 
Mafl'achufetts  and  Vermont,  and  W  by 
Hudiou  River.  It  contains  8  townflripa^ 
vie.  Troy,  Grecnbufli,  Schodack,  Stephen- 
town,  Petttiburgh,  Hofick,  Pittftown,  and 
Scha^coke.  There  are  30442  inhabit- 
ants. 

Rtnjfehtrwllt,  OF  fttitfehetwick,  a  town- 
Hiip  of  Albany  co.  New  York,  bounded 
S  by  Columbia  county,  and  W  by  Hudfun 
River.  In  1790,  it  contained  3.77 1  in- 
habitants; in  1796,  it  had  548  inhahitr 
ants  wh(}  were  elecftors.  In  this  town, 
nearly  oppofite  to  the  city  of  Albany,  is 
a  medicinal  fpring,  which  combines  moft 
of  the  valuable  properties  of  the  celebra- 
ted waters  of  Saratoga. 

Refolutim  Bay,  or  Madtt  de  Diet,  is  un- 
der the  higheft  land  on  the  W  lidc  of  St. 
Chriftina,  one  of  the   Marqutfas  Iflaaidt. 
S  lat.  9  5a,  W  loaj.  ?39  9. 
J!ii/Huii$n,  Ctftf  Bcac  tilt;  caftera  en- 

traaee 


tt^Ofe  6, 

W  long. 

Rtfolut 

fcn's  Stri 

Jiefalul 

fhe  Socic 

itcfolutio 

Revti\ 

Ocean,  ch 

Ion  CO.  Vi 

Ay,  Ca^ 

America,  1 

■i'hrec  Poll 

Crago. 

Braail,  m 
l^\o  Jancin 
Wo.    It  al 

RliHtifei 

Rhodcifla 

Vnited  Stai 

47  miles,  an 

•bout  i,.3oo 

N  and  E  by 

ftcbafetts ; 

^  by  Conn( 

prehend  wh 

frtvidtnct  Pi 

counties,  vi«. 

ington,  Brifti 

divided  •  into 

^•r««   inhat 

*avc8.    Narr 

»toNbctw 

«nd  W,  and  c 

•nds,  the  prir 

Wand,  Canon 

Hope,  Dyer's 

Wand  ii  the  ft 

*o  the  State. 

port,    Provide 

Warren,  and  E 

»hich  the  Stat 

between  lat.  4 

Iw'ecn  long.  71 

Greenwich  ;  b 

fwm  N  E  to  f 

on  an  average. 

townfliipj,   i»fc, 

Middlctown. 

world  exceeds  1 

«»fe,  and  lituat 

^%  ftite  it  was 

*den    of    Amc 

which  the  ravas 

ofbufinefs  have 

twecn  30,000  ai 

on  this   ifland, 

Oprfes.     The  St, 

iireiftiocj  by  riv 


R  H  df 


»?■ 


(f  »a(:e  a!  Hudfon'a  Stralti.    N  Ut.  6i  i^, 
W  lonj;.  65  16. 

Ri/olution  l/kiid,  at  the  E  end  <jf  Hud- 
fbn's  StruUR.    M  lat.  (n,  W  long.  65. 

&rf»luiion  Iflantl,  a  fmall  illand,  one  of 
fhe  Society  IMca ;  fo  called  from  the  Hiip 
RcfolutJon.     S  lat.  17  34,  W  long.  141  'i 5. 

Revtl't,  a  fmall  iiland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  clofe  to  the  £  coaft  of  Northamp* 
Ion  CO.  Virginia. 

Riy,  Capty  or  pMiit,  on  the  N  coaft  of  S. 
America,  i*  40  len^uet  W  l»y  N  of  Cape 
Three  Points,  and  is  N  by  E  of  Bocca  del  | 
Drago. 

Reyett  Angra  Jet,  on  the  S  £  coaft  of 
Brazil,  in  8.  America,  lies  weftward  of 
Itio  Janeiro,  and  53  leagurs  W  of  Cape 
frio.    It  afl%)rds  good  anchorage. 

Riintifci.     Sec  Ri'yynbtck. 

Rhode- fjhmi  is  one  of  the  fmalleft  of  the 
Vnited  States;  its  grcateft  length  being 
47  miles,  and  its  grcateft  breadth  37  ;  or 
about  ifioo  fquare  miles.  It  is.boundcd 
M  and  E  hy  the  CommonwcHlth  of  Maf- 
hchofetts  ;  S  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
W  by  ConneiSticut.  Thefe  limits  com- 
prehend what  is  called  Rinde-Mand  and 
JF^r»videne^  PlantaHimi  s  divided  mto  five 
eoimties,  vi«.  Newporr,Providence,Wafl)- 
ington,  Briftol,  and  Kent,  which  are  fuh- 
dividcd '  into  3a  town<1f ips,  containing 
i/),x%%  inhabitants,  of  whom  380  are 
iaves.  Narraganfiet  Bay  nvtkes  up  from 
t  to  N  between  the  mam  land  on  the  B 
•nd  W,  and  eroboforos  many  fertile  ill- 
trids,  the  principal  of  which  are  Rhode-  , 
Ifland,  Canoniticut,  Prudence,  Patience, 
Hope,  Dyer's,  nod  Hog  llliinh.  Block-  , 
Ifland  is  the  fouthernmoft^  land  hetonging 
10  the  State.  The  harbours  are  New-  | 
port,  Providener,  Wickford,  Patuxet,  j 
Warren,  and  Biiftol.  Rhode-Iflsnd,from  ] 
which  the  State  takes  half  its  ndme,  lies 
between  lat.  41  28, and  41  42  N,  and  be- 
tween long.  7»  17,  and  71  a?  W  from 
Greenwich  ;  being  about  15  miles  long 
fwm  N  E  to  S  W,  and  about  3J  broad, 
on  an  average.  It  is  divided  into  three 
town(hip»,  Newport,  Portfmouth,  and 
Middlctown.  Perhaps  no  iflanj  in  the 
world  exceeds  tlii*  i,n  point  of  foil,  cli- 
mate, and  tituation.  In  its  nioft  floariih- 
ing  ftate  it  was  called,  by  travellers,  the 
Eden  of  America.  But  the  change, 
which  the  ravages  of  war,  and  a  decrtafc 
ofbufinefs  have  cftetfVcd,  is  great.  Be- 
tween 30,000  and  40,000  fliecp  are  fed 
on  this  ifland,  befules  neat  cattle  and 
borfes.  The  State  is  inferfedted  iu  ^11 
4ire4bioci  by  rivers ;  tlic.  tkitf  vf  which 


RH  . 

■|  wWch  are  Providence  and  raiiiitoo  Riv- 
ers, which  f.ill  imo  NnrrHg.infet  Buy  ;  the 
former  on  the  weft,  the  laitct  on  the  call 
fide  of  Ithode-lflsnd.  Rhodc-ldind  is  aa 
healthy  a  country  a<  sny  in  Americii, 
The  winttrs.in  the  maritime  pirtaofthc 
State,  arc  milder  than  in  the  inlMinl  coun- 
try ;  the  air  being  fofrmcd  by  a  lea  va- 
pour, which  alfii  enriches  the  foil.  The 
iummer.*  arc  delightful,  efpecially  oti 
Rliodclffapd,  where  the  extreme  heat* 
which  picvciii  in  other  parts  of  America, 
;trc  allayed  by  coo> and  refrcHiing  breez- 
es from  the  fea.  The  rivers  and  bav* 
fwarm  with  fiili,  to  the  amount  of  more 
than  70  different  kinds;  the  m;'.rktt»  are 
alive  with  thtm>  Oyfti-rs,  loMkrs,  and 
other  fliell-ftrti  abound  in  N.irragarifet 
Bay.  Travellers  are  generally  agreed,, 
that  Newport  is  the  heft  fifli-market  in 
the  world.  This  State  produces  corn, 
rye,  batky,  oafs,  and  in  ftime  part.i  wheats 
fiifticient  for  htomecotifumption  ;  and  ^hc 
various  kinds  of  grafles,  fruits,  and  culiy 
nary  root*  and  plants  in  oreat  abun- 
dance, and  in  perfection ;  cycler  is  made 
for  exportation.  Thenorth-weftern  parti 
of  the  State  ate  but  thinly  inhabited,  atjtj 
are  rocky  and  barren.  The  tradl  of  land 
lying  between  Korth  and  South  Kingf- 
town  on  the  eaft,and  Connedticnt  on  the 
weft,  called  5&»»»jofi  country,  or  Purchafcy 
is  excellent  grazing  land,  and  is  inhabit- 
ed by  a  number  of  wealthy  farmers,  who 
raife  Ibme  of  the  fine  ft  neat  cattle  in  New- 
England,  weighing  from  1,600  to  1,80a 
weight.  They  keep  large  dairies,  and. 
make  butter  and  chetfe  of  the  bcft  quali- 
ty, and  in  large  quantities  for  exporta- 
tion. Iron  ore  is  found  is  great  plenty 
in  fevcral  parts  of  the  State.  The  iron- 
works on  Pdttutet  River,  1%  miles  from 
Providence,  are  fupplied  with  ore  from 
a  bed  <tf  miles  diftant,  which  lies  in  a  val- 
ley, through  which  runs  a  brook.  The 
brook  is  turned  into  a  new  channel,  and 
the  ore-pits  are  cleared  of  water  bv  « 
fteam  engine.  At  this  ore-bed  are  a  vas 
riety  of  ores,  curioos  ftones,  and  ochres, 
In  the  townllilp  of  Cumberland  is  a  cop- 
pci*  mine  mixed  with  iron,  ftronglv  im- 
pregnated with  load-ftonc,  of  which  fome 
large  pieies  have  l>een  found  in  the 
neighboiiihood.  No  method  has  yet 
been  difcovered  to  work  it  to  advantage. 
Abundance  of  limc-ftone  is  found  in  thi* 
State,  p.^rticularly  in  the  county  of  Prov- 
dence  ;  of  which  larpe  quantities  of  lime 
are  made  and  exported.  This  lime-ftune 
and  it  tlic  true 
■  «(;  BiarWe- 


\i  »i  diScreoc  roljuis^ 


•J,... 


% 


t§ 


.1  R  H  O 

marble  of  the  white,  plain,  and  variegtt- 
ed  kind.  It  takes  as  fine  a  poliih  as  any 
liuae  in  America.  There  are  fevcral 
mineral  fpring*  in  this  .State  ;  to  one  of 
which,  near  Providence,  many  people  re- 
port to  bathe,  and  drink  the  water.  New- 
port and  Providence  are  the  chief  towns 
of  this  State,  'i'he  barbarous  flave-tradc, 
4rhtch  was  a  foyrce  of  wealth  to  many  of 
the  people  in  Newport,  and  other  parts 
of  the  State,  ha»  happily  been  abolilhed. 
But.fiiice  (iermillion  has  been  again  giv- 
en by  law  to  import  flaves  from  Africa  to 
S.  Carolina,  it  ia  faid  this ,  inhunutn  traf- 
£c  is  reviving  again  in  this  State.,  the 
town  of  Briftol  carries  on  a  conGde^ble 
trade  to  Africa,  the  Wfft-Indies,  and.  to 
difierent  parts'  of  the  United.States.'  But 
|}y  far  the  greatcf^  part  of  the  commerce 
of  Rhode-IHand  i^  at  prefent' carried  on 
by  the  inhabitants  of  (he  fiburifhitig  town 
of  Providence,  which  had,  ia  Z791,  1^9 
^ail  of  veflcis,  coiltaining  11,942  tons. 
The  exports  frota  the  State  are  flax-feed, 
lumber,  horfes,  cattle,  beef,  porl^,  fifh, 
poultry,  onions,  butter,  cheeTe,  barley, 
grain,  fpirits,  cottpii  and  linen  goo^. 
The  imports  coiifid  of  European  and  W. 
fadia  goods,  aAd  ,lpgwopd  from' the  fia- 
of  Hbndurasl  tJpwards  of  600  Vjcfleh 
enter  and  clear  annually  at  the  different 
ports  in  this  State.  The  amoiint  of  ex- 
ports from  this  State  to  foreign  couiitties, 
ror  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1791,  was 
470,131  doII>.  9  cents ;  in  i'794,  6^8,084; 
in  1793,  616416;  in  1794,  954,573 ;  and 
in  1 801,  3,433  363  9oll<',  The  inhabit- 
ants of  this  State  ate  advaiibing  rapidly 
ip  maniifadurcs.,  A  cotton  mantofaiflory 
has  been  crctHed  at  Providence.  Jeans, 
fuflians,  denims,  thipkfets,'  velvets,  &c. 
&c.  are  here  manufacflured  and  fent  to 
the  foiithern  States.  La^ge  quantities  of 
linen  and  tciiv  cloth  are  made  indiffer- 
ent parts  of  this  8tate  fur  cXportatfon. 
But  the  moll  c(>nrider.tble  manufatStates 
in  this  State  ate  thofe  o(  iron  ;  fuch  as 
bar  and  fltcet  iron,  fleel,  nail-rods,^  and 
itails,  implements  of  hufbandry,  (loycs, 
potfsoind  other  houfehold  utenfils,the  iron 
work  of  niipping,  anchors,  bells,  &c.  &c. 
The  conllitution  <A  this  State  is  founded 
oil  the  charter  granted  by  Charles  II.  in 
1663 ;  and  the  frame  of,  govcrhmen,t  wafc 
not  eflentially  altered  by  tht  revolution, 
The  legiflatureof  the  St^ite  confidiof  two 
branches;  a  fcnate  or  upper  luiulc, com- 
pofcd  of  ten  members  be  fides  the  gover- 
nor and  deputy  governor,  called  in  the 
ClvuXct,  affijiantt ;  and  a  houfe  of  repre- 


It  hS 


•  '.J 
fentatives,  compored  of  deputies  from  tfiif 

feveral  towns. .  The  members  of  the  leg-j 
iflature  are  chofca  twice  a  year;    and* 
there  are  two  fcflions  of  this  body  an- 
iiually,  vie.  on  the  firft  Wednefday  in 
May,  and  the  UH  Wcdnefday  in  Odlober.' 
This  State  ^ts  tfrft  fettled  from  Maf- 
'rachufctt*.    sift.  Roger  WiUiama,.  a  iTiin- 
ifter,  who  camie   over  to  New  England 
in  163^,  was  charged  with  holding  ^\a- 
riety  of  errors,  and  on  that  account  w^s. 
banilhcd  from  MaiTachufi^tts.    Governur 
Winthrnpadvifed  him  to  purfue  his  courfii 
to  Nehiganfet,  or  Narraganfet  Bay,  which 
he  did,  and  fixed  himfetf  at  Secunk  or 
Seekhonk,   now    Relioboth.      But    that 
place  being  within  the  bounds  of  Ply- 
mouth colony,  Gov.  Winflow,'in  a  friend- 
ly mknAcr,  .itivifed  htm  to  remove  to  the 
other  fide  of  the  river,  where  the  land/ 
were  liot  tov.-red  by  any.  patent.    Air- 
cordrngly,  in  1436,  Mr..  Williams  and  4 
others  crolTed  Sedkhonk  River,  and  land-. 
ed  among  th(;  Indians,  by  whom  they, 
were  hofpifablj  I'eceiyed,  and  thus  laid| 
the  foundation.ofa  towtf,  irhich,  from  a 
fenfe  of  Gbd'f  merciful  providence  to 
him,  he  called  Ifrevldiiiet.'    Here  he  was 
foon  after  joiiMd'by  a  number  of  others  ; 
and,  though, they  were  fecured  fro^n  the; 
ludiaiuby  the  terror  of,  th<  Englifb,  yet, 
they,  for  a  cdhfiderabte  lim^,  fuflered 
much  from  fatigue  and  w'lnt.  ,  So  little, 
has  the  citri{  aitthoiity  to  do  with  religion' 
here,  that' no  con:radt  between  a  minif- 
ter  aiidafocicty  (unlefs  incorporated  fur 
that  putpofe)  is  of , any  force.    It  is  prob- 
ably fpr  thefe  reafons,  that  fo  many  dif- 
fereht  fedts  have-  ever  been  fotind  here  ; 
and  that  the  Sabbath  andv  all  religion; 
ioAitutions,  as  well  as  gfio(i|  morals,  have 
been  leis  regarded  in  this  th'an  in  any, 
other  of  the  New -England  States.     At 
,  Newport  there  is  a  flouriflijng  academy, 
under  the  diredtibn  of  a  re«ftor  and  tu- 
tors, who  teach  the  leatned  langi^iigeiii 
Englifli   gi'ammar,  geography,   &c.      A 
law  has   been .  made  cfbibKfhing  town 
fchbols  tiCi-ough  the  State,  but  was  found' 
unpopular,  and  rcp^aled^  .Within  a  few 
year:,  a  turnpiki!  road  has  .(>eeii  made 
from  Providence  to'  Coniieiflicut,  a  dil- 
tance  of  about  »b  miles  tbruu^' Johnl- 
ton,    Scituate  and  Coventry,  .t(x    meet 
the  turnpike  roads  from  Norwich,  I^^rt- 
tord  and  Ncw-Havcn.     The  road,  which 
wiis  very  rocky  and  difficult  to  pafs  with. 
cairiages,  is  now  rendered  tolerable.    For 
A  turnpike  however,  it  has  been  fhame- 
fully  ui^'.Li^ed  by  the  proprietors. 

SheJf  • 

^  Sij.  W  w  (whitbflioulj  be  W  w  w)  follows  inimediately  after  thisrkialf  fliect:' 


'^ 


ifiet/f  Tftand  lAahi  XT    r 
»749.  in  Beaver  Tail^TC';  "?  ^'''^''^  ''n 

5-rctBa/:n?,[t^„;"-«'-Na.a- 
^Jic  ground   the  iJ„i  V  i     ^     Ntwpojt. 
«n  i.  abou"  ,,  ^et  fh    ''""f'  "and,  up- 
'he  fca  at  hlih  £"r  T  "'^''"rf^.cc  Sf 
'Vhc  top  orotic  S,,7,7„  ^  fi'°""d 
which  is  a  Mllcrv/n7   •  l"^**  ^^^^'  ""ound 
'he  lantcrnfS; ;.     .*'"""  '''«  ^^^''d, 
»"d  8  feet  d£    '   H;i"h  w  ''^'  ^'Sh. 
W'd  chance  »-»   rT-    .      ^"  '*'^'"  "'  »ulj 

•heSw^:;;'ci':fr"T°'^-'"of 

N.  Carolina  °^^"P'=  ^ "' nver.  in 

Monde.    SeeJ?„„^,. 

fide  of  Hudfon'l  r-         '**'^"  *^°'  ""  'he  E 
N  of  N.  York  .?„     ^""ghkecpBc  ;  loj 

!"hHl,itant,  Of  S  X  '*""""'"'  *°'* 
"  bounded  S  by  c  JnTo^  .  TJ^'''  »' 
•nan.  A  Vcrv^cun'r.,  '  '"''  ^  ''^  B«k- 
Jatelydifeovcreda  .n."''""  *""  I'"" 
called  by  the  ind;fP"o'"  *''"'»«'". 
^«'^V^  cjj;  '"''''"'•    Scpafcot.      See 

Spattuae°edo^'fSa,r/''^''"  "^  ^"'^ 
g»a.  J  miles  from  Sr" 'I!  ^'*^'*'-''- 
g^od  harbour  S  i.  ^  '',!  r'''"*^  "  » 
'"fonof  marfl..    •  '*  """holcfomc    by 

«o  mile,  W  off  eo'"''i%^'^'°'"'y-    "  » 

»Sua.    Nlat.zV»c'w"lo^«''^''^^'"- 

«^ift-a,froSwhiSTht'.^r'"''°'"^ 
."  miles  to  lake  OnV.  •  *  P?"'S^  of 
"^^'^  by  the  river  t"'"  '.  "  ''"charges 
°^'hebV;47;J«ne..„toeheheld 

*'^^.  C^ron  H     /x/?""'  «'-c  held. 

JP<""t  ufed  to  be  omitr^"  •  ."  "'-"^^  "«■ 
^■'Pacen»-„g,y  S"^.^  '"  "«=  French 
r^  their  privilcW  Sn?  '''^'  .*''*^  ''"""ds 
I'd  from  hence^norH  "!•  *''"^''  '"^"d- 
(CapeBonavifb  """'^^^"'•'''  and  round  to 

I"  «»  bet,v«i  MnT  '^  anchorage  with- 
pile  Wood  °'""'  ''^^'-  a«d  Two 

\oi,  I  '*'^°  ^'^"'n  0"^go  townlhip,  and 
I  Wvr  ^ 


is:::"'' '"  '^''- '» »«« '^o^  ia 

ofSkh'n'i:  *[/anern„,oa  townftip 
«i  nas  113  inhabitantd 

«^d  iiandSW  by  c"n  "''"'!•''''""''- 
•■'■vcjs,  and  E  b/u'  f- "■"  '"""^  ^''^a^ 
divid;  «  fr^i:^^  ::-,  j-|  -'"cb 
counties.     It  contJin-J  •   ^  Clcrmonc 

'"habitant.  .  of  ;L '™      '°  '"i'"'  3<9io 
««d^4,ulia'ves     '^°'"''''^5»'^'^'-«''^'>"«--. 

inSSlouu^vT^'iP  °'  P^""'y'vanU, 

.^'v^w""diiriS"?r^t'"r^ 

taining  6007  in  , .  .^     .     S""'""*'  ^on- 
areflate.  ^'  '"''•''"'auts,  of  whom  303J 

-cHyt'lhe't'a"'^^  r"?^  «'■-"  ^- 
See  LS  "''"  •"  ^akcChamplaia. 

in1tfr;vtt'"?''^'-^'--''''«".d. 

'cagues  above  .h: »""'"'    '■>•"'"'    «» 
Montreal.      2.c     '  .    ^''''''r"'"'^'"  "♦' 

N  bank  of  the  rv^hl^,""'^''  ""  'hc 
with  the  river  S,'-         "'  '"  ^""'-'^'^" 

Wood  'nand.and'a" Sag'^^eV'^Stf'T 
Feu'  velFtls  put  in  h^r^^  «' Portland. 

There  is  a  Ai^kcriedg^sTSfT^nf?- 
from  the  N  E  enH  ,.f  .V  .„^''  a  mile 
only  flieu,  irfc;r^.v'  "''^j"^"''.  ^hich 
fred,  :  But  vou  n  Jh        '^'  "'"*'    '^'o"'* 

andlo„.69  3/w        *'"^''-43  5oN.  . 

W  by  S  of  Lenox,  Z'^^owZ'l  "J'^" 
Iron  ore  of  the  firft  o7,or  ,  Lofton, 
hut  as  it  lies  deep  It^Li?;- "  ^°""  ^  here, 
expenfe.  Ore  ^of  indi  r  '^  *  «"" 
found  in  many  place"  '^rK  ^"^'"^  '' 
lin^eftone,  coa^rirwSj.e  ^^.^^'f  '^'"^ 
marble.    Itwasinrm.       '    ^."'^     clouded    ' 


i 

flf ' 

py 

, 

Ebd 

r     ^'i 

r¥| 

f 

n' 

:    .f 

mi 

HP'I 

K 

is  J 

"  s 

^U 

5 /, 

V 


i»il1 


R  IC 

Winton  on  t!ie  Wby  \V.irU'«  rivrr,  a  branch 
ut  I'lkiiciitiuk  rivir.  It  in  itlimit  19  inilc» 
W  of  Ncvvpiirt,  iiiul  contiiiiu  Ij68  in- 
liiibitunt*. 

Kuhm-mJ,  :i  county  of  N.  Y»>rk,  coin- 
prcltciidiii^  iill  Stiitcii  lllaiui ;  which  lee. 

/f/V/j/M.»r/,  ii  coiinty  of  N.  Citrulina,  in 
Fayette  dilkriol,  hoiiiiileil  S,  hy  the  State 
of  IS.  (.'arulinu,  and  N,  by  Ahuire  co.  It 
uiiilaiiit  ,f6i.;  iiihitbitauti  liiL-Iiiilin}>  87.; 
llavt;^.  Chieftown.Rockiii^liain,  'I'liecourt 
hinile,  at  which  a  pofl  uirK-iii»lccpt,  is  10 
nilh's from  Aiifon  court  Itoiiie,  .s6 frum  Fay- 
iU«:vilie,and..;^i,)  front  l>iiilailel|)hia.  'I'he 
b  J'^  part  of  tJiecuunty  in  une  runtinucil 
plain,  covered  in  many  pt.tcCH  with  pincv  ; 
l)ut  mi)(U)  inhibited  by  Scotchnien.  Tlie 
iip^ter  part  of  the  cuuntv  lias  hill*  and 
vales.  In  tlie  middle  and  I',  part  uf  the 
comity  larj^c  tract.i  of  land  remain  wild. 
'I'iie  inhabitants  of  UichmuiHL  en.  arc 
I'relhyterians,  U.iptinH,  Methodiltii  and 
(jnakerH.  'I'heir  houles  are  Io^jh,  covered 
with  (labs.  In  i/y?,  tliere,  was  not  a  fin- 
idled  brick  or  ftoiie  iioule,  and  very  few 
frami'il  houfes  in  the  connty. 

Ji'.hi.^hihl,  a  county  of  Vir;;iiila,  bound- 
C'.LN  and  N  K  by  VS'edmorelaiul,  and  3- 
and  >S  W  by  Rappaitaimuck  river,  which 
fei»  irate*  it  from  Ivllex  co.  rhis.county 
;ind  WeUmoreland  contain  5918  frif..»nd 
7Jla6  black  inhabitants.  'Hie  court  lioiil'e, 
wl^ere  >i  pott  olilce  in  ke|>t,  u  273  miles 
froiiuiMiiladelphia. 

R'uhi/iouJ,  the  piefem  feat  of  goveru- 
niunt  of.  the  Stiilc -of  \'ir;;inia,  is  litnatcd. 
in  Henrico  cu.  on  the  N  lide  of  Jainei's 
river,  jni^iat  the-  loot  of  tlie  falls,  and  con- 
tains betu'cen  400  and  .;oo  huul'cs,  ami 
.•',44  free  and  2i.yj  I)lack  iulial>itants. 
Part  of  the  honles  are  built  on  tlie  niiirgin 
(if  the  river,  ronvwieirt. for  biilinefs;  the 
relb  arc  upon  a  hill  which  overlotiko  tliur 
lower  part  oftlic  town,  and  commands  an 
estentivc  piofpecl:  of  the  river  and  adja- 
cem  country.  'I'iic  new  houles  are  well 
built.  I'he  date  hoiil'o,  or  capitol,  is  on 
the  hill.  This  citv  likewlle  boaftiof  an 
flegaut  flatiic  of  the  illuflrion.^  \\'allun;;;' 
ton,  which  was  formed  at  I'aiis.  ;  'The 
lower  part  uf  the  town  is  divided  by.  a 
creek, over  which  is  a  convenient  bridge. 
A  bridge  bciwecn  ,;oo  and  400  yards  in 
leiijjth,  has  been  thrown  acrols  James's 
river,  at.  the  iiiut'of  the  i'alL  That  part 
front  Muncheftvr  tu  the  illaiid  is  Uuilt  on 
15  boats.  Frum  the  iJland  to  the  rocks 
was  formerly  a  floating  bridge  of  rafts  ; 
bii|t  the  cntcrpri ling -proprietor  has  now 
kuiU  it  ut  framed  iujj,  pie^s^  tilled  with 


R- 1  1> 

Rone*.  Froni  tlie  rucks  to  the  landing «t 
Kirhmund,  the  brid};c  is  continued  on 
framed  pierit  tilled  with  (tones.  This 
briilj^e  connects  the  city  with  Manrhef- 
tir  ;  audits  the  pafl'tn^ers  pay  toll,  it  pro- 
duces a  handfome  revenue  to  Col.  Mayo, 
who  is  the  I'olc  proprietor.  'I'he  public 
ImildinjM,  l)ellde  I  lie  Itatu  houle,  are  an 
Kpifcupal  churrh,  a  court  hinile,  ^mA, 
a  thcutre,  and  .<  tobacco  ware  lioiihs. 
At  the  W  end  of  thetown  arel'everal  mills, 
one  of  which  is  not  inferior  to  the  IT  >S. 
Ne.ir  tin;  milli.  is  a  diflillcry  and  brewery. 
The  falls  above  the  liridj^c  are  7  niilis  in 
lenjilh.  \  nublc  canal  is  cut  on  theN  lide  uf 
the  river,  which  terminates  in  a  baion  of 
about  two  acres,  in  the  town  of  Richmond. 
From  this  bafon  to  the  wharves  in  the  riv- 
er, will  be,  a  land  carriage  uf  about  a  mile. 
The  op<.nin<;  of  this  tunal  promiles  the 
addition  of  much  wealth  to  Riclimuiul. 
Vell'ulu  of  burden  lie  at  City  Point,  20 
miles  below,  to  which  the  };o(k1s  fiont 
Richmond  are  fent  down  in  boats.  It  is 
626  miles  from  lUillon,  ,^74  from  N.  York, 
1 76  from  UMtinuire,  27S  from  Fhiladel- 
piiia,  247  fr'im  Fayettcville,  497  fio:ii 
Clurledon,  aiul  66 j  from  .Sav«nniili.  N 
lilt.  3  7  40,  W  Ion.  7  7  JO. 

JiiihmonJ,  a  County  of  the  Upper  dif- 
tritil  of  Cieorjria,  in  which  is  fitniited  tli: 
city  of  AugufUu  It  is  feparatcd  from  S. 
Cai'ulina  on.  the.  K,  by  .Savanniih  river, 
and  contains  6  towns,  and  5473  inhabit- 
ants, of  whum  2691  are  Haves. 

liul>mn»J,;i  town  uf  the  illiiiid  of  St. 
Vincent's,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  featcd 
at  the  head  of  a  deep  bay,  on  the  wefterii 
liilc  of  the  illiind.  Chateaubelair  river 
runs  «m  the  I'outh  fule  of  the  ttiwn,  whicli 
gives  name  to  the  bay.  Another  river 
empties  into  the  bay  on  the  N  lide  of  the 
town. 

Ri.I.i.jioiiJ,  a  town  in  Chittenden  co.-Vcr- 
mont,  made  in  1794,  out  part  of  VMllif- 
toii  and  part  of  Jericho,  it  is  an  excellent 
tr.icl  of  land,  lying  on  both  Udes  of  Onion 
River.     It  contains  718  inhitbitaiits. 

li'.Jjiituiul  •Tviv.ijh'ip.,  ill  l.enox  co.  !'■ 
Caiiad.i,  lies  north  of  I'redericklhnigh,  in 
the  biiy  of  (juinte,  and  is  watered  in  front 
by  the  river  .Appennie. 

' RhL.iu  lU\Kr,  ill  the  eaftern  diftricl,  li. 
Canud.'i,  runs  Ibiiuwliat  piirallel  to  tin; 
river  l-'etit  Nation,  and  omjdes  itfelf  ini" 
the  (irand,  or  Ottawii  river  about  f,  mill' 
higher  up.  The  luiid  on  each  lide  »iftlm 
river  is  very  good  for  I'etthments  ..S'wj/'. 

.ff/./s;.  '■,/./,  a  poft  town  of  Ccmnciflicut.in 
Fairricld,co.  \q  miles  'i  W  of  Diiiibiirv,  :S 

iiW 


t  U'nf 

hi  tlic  .^ 
•'(  Kidg, 

Cin,  l„l>  :, 

the  III  II, 
till  Soiiii 
♦ind  of 
«nile«  in, 
hi'  /eeii  m 
Settled  in 

«ll.md  of 
hehind  wj 
*>'  the  ntai 

*hrou(»h  til 
<hc  fci'i  6  ni 

"f  Chcftiir< 
«'ic  Matrat 
^vtflerly  of 

^Cft    of     JJi; 

»768.  In  ,; 

«'4.?,  andii 

i\\k  townrtii 

water  of  di 

pickerel,  p,..|- 

">wrnflilp,  nn 

covered,  whi 

"'"aSpanifli 

water  of  tJii 

mack,  the  otl 

Newhiirvport 
»''c  left' as  1 
««'ntaining  \\ 
'aw  mill  g„,'„j 

Klfey,    lies 

i'riiiceton. 

Ji'ilumlhi,  a 
province  of  q 
«'wn  name. 
"fat*ures   »f 
"ft  of  the -pro, 
parts  of  it  arc 

''[''^•'-       Riobu 
^''.000  fouls. 

■*'»  liu.-nB,  in 

M  miles  eaftwa 

afliip  may  lit, 

.^  .n  8  or  9  fai 

."ft«P-     J:aflw 

"  ^^'Y  Harbour 

R'o  ('lanjf,  a 

irn  divilion  of 

'«  '"'gnares. 

^'0  (iranrif^  a  \ 


rivi'f. 
inhahii- 

.u\  oi  St. 

is    ICiltlll 

woftt-ni 
cliiir  riviT 

licr  rivtr 
fiilc  of  tliL- 
i.ftCivVcr- 
of  Willif- 
1  excellent 

ants. 


l)K    CO. 


V. 


[ilia  toll..- 

,  itltlf  iiii" 

jut  3  "'''^:' 
Ijdeoftlm 

Lnts  ..S'"0'':'' 
[ncaiciit,!!^ 

liiubi"-)''  '*; 


RIO 

>  W  of  Hartford,  51  N  E  of  Kinj»fl)rMj»«», 
in  tlir  Stale  of  N.  Vork.  The  lownthip 
i<l  Kiil^i'lifld  WMH  riillfd  liv  tlu<  liuli.iiH 
<„//,  /'ii-  .I'll, or  h\i\\\  \m\i\.  If  wril  anCwcrs 
tlic  III' iiie,  t'lir  ttu)ii);h  it  is  14  mi  lei  from 
tlic  Sound,  it  Mniiyds  Hgninl  protpcit  of  it, 
ttnd  of  l.iHi;;  llltitid.  Of  the  l.itter,  40 
inik-t  in  Icni^th  \*  vitihle,  und  vcfleU  m.iy 
Itc  foen  ill  tht'v  p»l^  tip  till-  Sound.  It  whh 
li'itled  in  1709,  and  \k\»  30.15  inhabir;)iits. 

Kii/ley,  A  titwnfliip  in  lH'l:Mvan'  co. 
I'cnnl'yivania. 

/(•/.•*  Ijhini,  near  the  N  W  part  of  the 
illanu  of  t'orto  Riro,  in  the  W.  Indies 
liL'liInd  wliieh  i*  the  principal  haibour 
of  the  main  illnnd. 

/?/'/«./(•,  a  river  of  l\rii,  wiiich  puflVn 
<l)rouifh  till-  city  of  Lima,  and  fullit  into 
4I1C  fca  6  miles  below  tli.'it  city. 

/{inift;,;  or  Kiiii^f,  a  town  in  t\\r  county 
of  Clicniirc,  N.  Hampfliire.  It  licv*  upon 
the  MalTachiU'ccts  line,  about  80  n\'\\cn 
wtrtcrly  «f  PortfnicHith,  and  70  ncirtli 
weft  of  lioftun.  Wai  incorporated  in 
1768.  bi  i775,it  cimtaincd  541,  in  1790, 
114,^,  and  in  1800, 1195  inhabitantji.  In 
lhi«  townniiparetbirtccQiiaturalponds  of 
water  of  difli-rrnt  iiren,  in  which  are 
pickerel,  p.  rch,  trout,  eels,  &c.  In  thin 
townfliip,  northerly,  in  m  mine  lately  dif- 
covered,  wliich  contains  a  Icinti  of  ochte 
of  a  .Spanifli  brown.  One  half  of  the 
water  of  this  town  run*  to  the  Merri- 
mack, the  other  to  Conncifkicut  river. 

Rin^  1/l.im/,  a  fm-^ll  illand  oppnAte 
Newlniryport,  to  the  eaftwjird,  lying  to 
the  left  as  you  go  out  tif  the  harlxiur, 
containing  12  or  15  houfcs,  a  grift  and 
(aw  mill  going  to  ducvy. 

Umbo's  Town,  in  HuntcrdoH  co.  New 
Jerfey,  lies  about  iS  mile*  N  W*  of 
Princeton. 

JHoLimIhi,  a  jurifdlininn  of  Peru,  in  tlie 
province  of  (^ito,  having  a  capital  of  its 
own  name.  The  prodnOlions  and  man- 
ufavlAures  of  this  province  excel  all  the 
rcfl  of  the -provinces  of  Peru.  Several 
parts  of  it  arc  fnll  of  ^nines  of  gold  and 
iilver.  Kiob'iniha  the  capital  contains 
J  8,000  fouls. 

Jiio  liu^-na,  in  thcidand  of  Jamaica, 'tics 
14  milen  caftward  of  Martha  Brae,  wbire 
a  fliip  may  lie,  bringing  the  point  N  N 
W  in  8  or  9  talhoms  water.  The  bank 
i«  fteep.  Kaftward  of  this,  4  or  5  miles 
is  Dry  Harbour. 

Jfio  (hanihy'A  captainfliip  in  tlie north- 
ern divilion  of  Uracil,  wliofe  chief  town 
'8  'I'ignart!*. 

Hio  (Jninfif,  a  large  river  of  Brazil,  from 


mo 

wliencf  the  iibovc  captainfliip  hii«  its 
name.  'I'hr  Portugutle  (ay  its  entraiie* 
is  ditlicult  and  daiv^erous,  though  wide 
and  deep  ennugii  lurtlier  in. 

/f/e  ('>./«./., a  river  of  Terra  Pirnu,  S. 
Ameriiit,  wliieli  rilts  mar  the  ct|uator, 
runs  eallward,aMd  lalln  into  the  N.  iita.bt- 
tween  Cirtliagena  and  St.  Martha.  Alio 
the  name  of  a  river  of  Itia/il,  which  falli 
into  the  lea  at  Natal  losl<eye>. 

Rii,  ,/,  /,/  Jl.i,/j.i,  a  town  and  pruviiicr 
in  the  N  divilion  of  Terra  lirma. 

/tio<ff  Fit.",  on  the  roaltol  lir«/.il,  lie* 
10  league.^  S  of  St.  Catherine. 

Nh  Je  1,1  hiVtIK     See  PI'ili  A'iv,-r. 

liin  </<■  h^'PPit*,il  a  pr«)vincc  in  the  S  div 
vrfion  of  ♦»>iri)(»iy  in  S.  ,\ii\trica.  'J  hii 
province  is'bJiiiiWkd  (mthe  N  W  by  lii- 
cuman  and  Uraod  Cbaco  ;  it  cxtttulh  K 
to  the  Straits  of  Magfillan,  cotrprihend- 
ing  a  great  part  of  the  country  V.  of 
thV  Cordillera-i  ;  and  on  the  i:  by  the  K. 
Atlantic  Ocean.  This  province  former- 
ly belonged  tr  I'aragu.iy,  but  was  divided 
from  it  in  ifjii,  and  crtitul  into  a  Up- 
araic  government  called  Rii?  cK;  la  Plata. 
This  part  of  the  confincui  v/a*  lirft  d.'- 
covered  ill  in6  by  Juan  Dia?;  dc  Soils. 
The  climate  i«  tempt-rate,  and  the  earuk 
cxtremely'fei'tile.producing  in  abund.tncc 
wheat,  and  all  otiur  grains,  vegetiibit* 
aiKl  fruits,  particul%irly  peaches  ol  a  very 
delicious  flavour,  v.-hicli  grow  wild,  and 
<hc  trees  of  which  alVord  likewil'c  the 
principal  p.irt  of  the  fml.     This  country 

well  watered  bv  diHcrent  rivers,  which 
all  vmpty  themlelvcs  into  the  great  river 
l,a  Plata,  one  of  the  four  largtft  rivers 
in  America.  The  capital  of  this  prov- 
ince is  the  Trinity  of  Duenos  Ayre.«, 
fonnded'by  Hon  Pedro  dj  Meiulo/a,  in 
the  ycav  15,^5  ;  it  was,  foon  after  its  lirft 
fettling,  twice  abandoned,  being  invadtd 
by  the  Tarres  .iiid  Charnas  Indians  ;  be- 
fore delivering  up  the  city,  the  inhabit- 
ants were,  reduced  to  the  extremity  of 
eating  human  flelli.     See  Jliunot  ylyi''. 

Kiu  ./•  J'li.-nuj,  A  harbour  or  ancbtiragc 
•ground  on  the  N  tide  of  the  illand  of  Cu- 
ba, S  \V  of  Ikhia  Honda. 

A'i"  '7/'""',  a  rich  and  populous  city  ot 
Urrizi^hivingnuiny  elcyant  churches aiul 
liandfome  buildings,  fituated  uitliin  ;i 
large  and  wide  Iiav,  in  lat.  *4  15  S,  and 
Ion.  4.^  30  W.  It  contains  about  2Go,cor) 
inliabitants,  and  is  a  place  of  conlidera- 
bie  trade.  The  ftreets  arc  well  pa\<  d, 
an  aqucdinfton  tlie  Roman  place  fupplie', 
the  city,  but  the  place  is  unhealthy,  k 
is  alio  called  St  Scbaftian. 

Ji'.V 


I    ■   'i;  h 


ROA 

' ' '  RltiRiaU  a  'iver  of  Brazil,  I'uniiing  al- 
«no(V  parallel  with  that  of  St.  Fr<incis,  di- 
viding t  .e  captainfhip  of  Sercgipc  from 
that  of  Todos  los  Santos,  and  empties  in- 
to the  otean  41  leagues  N  of  the  bay  of 
that  name. 

Rifpacanoe  Creei,  in  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, is  a  weftern  branch  of  Wabafli  riv- 
«r.  -The  Kickapec  Indian  town  lies  near 
it.  Its  mouth  is  zo  miles  above  the  Low- 
er Weau  towns* 

Ripton,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, %%  miles  £  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Riftigeucbe  River,  in  ii.  Canada,  rifcs  a 
little  eaftward  of  St.  Jolxn\s  river,  runs  S, 
then  E,  into  the  W  endvof  CHaleur  Bay 
by  a  broad  mouth.  Bicttveev  its  bend 
and  an  eaftern  branch  of  !ftt  John's  river 
h  a  fliort  portage.  It  receives  Matapc- 
diach  river,  and  a  number  of  fmaller 
ftreams  from  the  mouth.  It  is  navigable 
for  fliips  7  leagues  from  its  mouth,  and 
abounds  with  falmon  and  wild  fowl.  On 
its  N  bank,  near  its  roomb,  is  ^n  Indian 
village. 

Rivanna,  a  fmall  H  W  branch  of  James' 
river  in  Virginia,  whofe  headwaters  unite 
a  few  miles  N  of  Charlottefvillc,  and  emp- 
ty into  James'  river,  ab<iut  a  miles  above 
Elk  Ifland.  It  is  navigable  for  canoes 
and  battcaux  to  its  interfc(5lion  with  the 
S  W  mountains,  which  is  about  2^  miles  ; 
and  may  eafily  be  opened,  to  navigation 
through  thofe  mountains,  to  its  fork  above 
Charlottcfviile. 

River  bead,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in 
Suffolk  CO.  Long  I.  It  was  taken  from 
the  townfhip  of  Southold,  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1791,  and  has  1501  inhabitants. 

River  of  the  IVef,  in  the  W  part  of  N. 
America,  empties  into  the  ocean  in  about 
lat.  43  17  30  N,  and  Ion,  I23  30  W.  h 
is  little  known,  except  near  its  mouth. 

Riviere,  Grande,  in  L.  Canada,  empties 
into  the  ocean  through  the  northern 
fliorc  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  6  leagues  W 
N  W  of  Cape  Defpair.  Here  is  a  coiifid- 
erable  cod  fifliery. 

Roanoke  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, leads  into  Albemarle  Sound.  N  lat. 
35  j6,  W  Ion.  76  14. 

Roanokt  IJland,  is  on  the  S  Hde  of  Albe- 
marle Sound.  The  N  point  of  the  idaud 
is  about  7  miles  W  of  Roanoke  Inlet. 

Roanoie,  a  long  and  rapid  river,  is  form- 
ed by  a  principal  branches, Staunton  riv- 
er, which  rifesin  Virginia,  and  Dan  river, 
which  rifes  in  N.  Carolina.  The  low  lands 
on  this  river  arc  fubje«!l  to  inundations. 
It  is  navigable  only  fpr  fca  vcHcls  nearly 


ROC 

30  miles,  for  boat?  of  30  or  40  tons  to 
the  falls.  Above  the  falls  boats  of  5  tons 
afcend  about  aoo  miles.  It  empties  by 
fcveral  mouths  into  the  S  W  end  of  Al- 
bemarle Sound.  The  planters  on  the 
banks  of  this  river,  are  fuppofcd  to  be 
the  wealthicd  ii>  N.  Carolina.  The  low. 
er  part  of  this  river  was  formerly  called 
Mozattoe, 

•  Roanoie  River,Ltttle,  empties  into  StauOv 
ton  river  from  the  N,  about  rj  miles 
above  the  jun(Slioa  of  Pan  and  Staunton 
rivers. 

Roaring  River, St.  boatable  water  of  Ten - 
elTee  State,  which  runs  N  W  into  Cum- 
berland river,  iz  miles  S  Woif  the  mouth 
o,f  Obas  river. 

Rubcrdeau,.?i  fmall  fort  wbich'was  eredU 
cd  in  Bald  Eagle,  or  Sinking  Spring  Val- 
ley, in  Pennfylvania,  during  the  late  war. 
It  was  crei3ed  for  the  proteiSlion  of  thofe 
who  then  worked  at  the  lead  mines.  But 
che  Indian  war  raging  around  them,  they 
were  forced  to  abandon  the  cnterprifc. 
See  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 

Robert  Bay,  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, I'eparated  from  Spanifli  Bay 
by  a  very  narrow  neck  of  land ;  and 
about  E  N  £  4  miles  about  the  point 
from  Port  Grave. 

Robert  ^i>y,a  gulf  or  bay  of  the  ifland 
of  Martinico  in  the  W.  Indies, and  one  of 
the  £neft  natural  harbours  that  can  be 
imagined,  being  able  to  contain  the  larg- 
efl  fleet  with  fuch  convenience,  that  the 
Hiips  may  ride  near  enough  the  fliore  to 
reach  it  with  a  plank.  It  is  about  3 
leagues  in  depth,  and  is  formed  by  the 
Point  of  the  Ga\lepQS  on  the  ,W,  and  Point 
flpfe  on  the  £. 

Roiertfon's  County,  in  Tencflce,  in  Mero 
Diftricft,  is  bounded  N  by  Kentucky.  It 
is  watered  by  Cumberland  and  Red  riv- 
ers. It  contains  4380  inhabitants,  of 
yvbom  863  are  flaves. 

Robcfon,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Fayette  diftridt,  and  bounded  S  W  bv  the 
ftate  of  S.  Carolina.  It  contains  6606  in- 
habitants, including  960  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Lumberton. 

Robin  Hood^t  Bay,  on  the  £  coaft  of 
Newfoundland,  is  frequented  by  fmall 
yeflels,  as  they  can  iilb  here  to  advan- 
tage. It  is  not  far  from  Trinity  Harbour, 
and  near  to  Fox  Iflands. 

Roca  IJlands,  a  clufter  of  uninhabited 
iflands,  oiT  the  N  coad  of  Venezuela,  in 
Terra  Firma,  about  40  leagues  N  W  by 
W  of  Tortugas. 

R»ca  PartiJt,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  N. 

Pacific 


Taciiic  Gc 

from  the  i 

and  Ion.  i: 

Roche,  C. 

ifland  of  S 

W  of  Old 

Rocb,  Ri- 

Territory, 

empties  int' 

the  Iowa  R 

Rocher,  U 

on  Miffifipi 

where  Fort 

Rochejler, 

Vermont,  a 

Rochejler,  ; 

Plymouth  c( 

ton.    It  con 

Rochejler,  j 

Hampfliirc.c 

of  Pjfcataqu 

Portfmouth, 

ton.    It  was 

contains  364 

the  Court  of 

held  in  this  ti 

Rechejltr    7 

lake  St.  Clair, 

Hone. 

Rochejler,  a 
York,  extend 
It  is  about  la 
contains  4433 
Roci/iway,  a 
CO.  N.  Jerfey, 
of  its  name,  i> 
fown,  3j  S£( 
RoMrid^e,  s 
Virginia,  boui 
Py  James   rive 
Botetourt  co. 
'•sbitants,  and, 
Natural  Bridge 
IS  alfo  a  uftful  a 
ftudents,  libera 
Gen  Wafliingto 
^"fiington  Acau 
Jugton. 

.   RoeifiJh,si,}^ 

'0  Virginia,  at 

lomc  indifferent 

gated  with  red,  b 

a  lar^e  precipice, 

'gable  part  of  t 

"larble  has  ever 

Rociford,  a  po 

57.?  miles  from  ] 

RockbiU,  a  town 

7'vania. 

Rociin^ham,  on 


ROC 


R  OC 


}ns  to 

J  torn 

ies  by 

jf  Al- 

in  the 
to  be 

ic  low- 
called 

StauiH 
;  miles 
launtoa, 

of  Ten - 
o  C\im- 
e  mouth 

as  ercdb* 
ing  Val- 
late war. 
of  thofc 
ncs.  But 
em,  they 
iiterprifc. 

of  New- 
nifli  Bay 
md;  and 
;he   point 

the  iHand 
uid  one  of 
»t  can  be 
the  larg- 
that  the 
fliore  to 
about  3 
■d  by  the 
and  Point 

jn  Mero 
ucky.  U 
Red  rlv- 
)itant8,  ot 

rolina,  *>n 
W  by  the 
1 6666  in- 
s.    Chief 

coaft  of 
by  ftnall 
to  advan- 
Harbour, 

linhabitcd 

[ezuela,  in 

NWby 

in  the  N. 
Pacifi« 


Pacific  Ocean,  S  E  from  I. a  Mcfa,  mid  W  ; 
from  tlie  ille  I.a  Nublad.i ;  lat.  i6  35  N, 
and  Ion.  ia8  W. 

Rocbt,  Crpe  dt  la,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  about  5  kagtics 
\V  of  Old  C;>pc  Fnincois. 

Rocb,  R'lviirea  la,  a  river  of  the  N.  W. 
Territory,  which  runs  a  S  W  comic,  and 
empties  into  the  MilTifippi,  95  miles  above 
the  Iowa  Rapids. 

Rocber,  la  praire  du,  or  Roi:k  Mendoivs, 
on  MiiTifippi  river,  3  miles  below  thefpct 
where  Fort  Chartres  (lood. 

Rochefier,  a  townfliip  of  Wiijdfor  co, 
Vermont,  and  contains  524  inhubitants. 

Rucheftert  a  townfliip  of  MDAachufetts, 
Plymouth  co.  52  miles  fouthward  of  Bof- 
ton.     It  contains  2546  inhabitants. 

RoehrJUr,  a  townlltip  in  Stra^brd  co.N. 
Hampfliire.on  thpWiidcQf  the  N  branch 
of  Piicataqua  river,  22  miles  N  W  of 
Portfmouth,  and  40  S  hy  E  of  Middle- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1722,  and 
contains  2646  inhabitants.  Qae  term  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Picas  is  annually 
held  in  this  town. 

Rtcbtfltr  Toivnjhip,  U  Canada,  lies  on 
lake  St.  Clair,  between  Tilbury  and  JVlaid- 
Aonc.  Smytb. 

Rocie/ler,!i  townfliip  in  .  Ulfter  co.  N. 
York,  extending  W  ro  Delawar;:  river. 
It  is  about  12  miles  S  W  of  Efopus,  and 
contains  2423  inhabitants. 

Roctaway,  a  (imalt  poll  town  in  Morris 
CO.  N.  Jerfey,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  river 
of  itsnaipe,  ij  miles  Nby  Wqf  Morrif- 
town,  21  S  £  of  Newtpn. 

Roeiirid^t,  a  mountainous  county  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  AuguAa,  and  S 
hy  James  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Botetourt  co.  It  contains  7875  free  in- 
hiibitants,  and  1079  Daves.  The  famous 
Natural  Bridge  it  in  this  county.  Here 
is  alfo  a  ufeful  academy  of  from  ao  to  40 
lludents,  liberally  endowed  by  the  late 
Gen  Wafliington,  and  called,  after  him, 
Wajhin^ton  Atmdemy.  Chief  town,  Lex- 
ington. 

Rod  fijh,  a  N  W  branch  of  James  river, 
in  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is 
fomc  indifTcrent  marble,  generally  varie- 
gated with  red,  blue,  and  purple.  It  forms 
alar^e  precipice,  which  hangs  over  a  nav- 
igable part  of  the  river.  None  of  the 
marble  has  ever  yet  been  worked. 

Rcciford,  a  port  town  of  N.  Cafolina, 
57.^  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Rodbiil,  a  townfliip  of  Buck's  Co.  Pena- 
fylvania. 

Rociinviam,  one  of  tlic  j  counties  into 


which  t1»e  flute  of  N.  ILimpnilre  isdividt 
td.  It  lita  (Ml  tlu  S  I',  p.irt  ot  the  lUfe  ; 
having  tlie  Atlaiitc  Ocean  on  the  S  F,, 
thv"  coi'.aty  of  ltillfbi>rouj,li  on  the  W, 
StrnfTord  on  tlic  N,  and  tin.- Hate  ot  iViaf- 
lAcluiiVits  on  the  S.  It  is  ;i!)<>ut  60  miles 
loug,  and  y^  Uroad.  Ic  embraces  the  on- 
ly icTport  anil  moft  of  the  commercial 
ti)\yns  in  tlic  flute.  It  contains  4,6  town- 
fliips,  and  45,427  inhabitants.  Chief 
towns,  Portlmoutli,  !•  ictcr,  and  Concord. 

Roc.iini;bam,tht  N  I',  towiilnip  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  io  on  the  W  bank  of 
Connecticut  river,  which  ftparruis  it 
from  Walpolc.in  N.  Hanipfliii;e.  It  con- 
tains 1684  inhabitants. 

Rociinorham,  a  county  of  Sidifhury  dif- 
trii'^,  N.  Carolina,  liimndtd  E  by  Cafwdl, 
and  W  by  Stokes.  On  tiit  I'anks  ot  the 
Dan,  which  waters  this  county,  are  large 
traiSts  of  fertile  Ipw  land.  A  Itirnace  an4 
forge  hive  been  ereiSltd  on  Troublefomc 
Creek.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  many  part* 
of  the  county.  It  contains  827  7  inhabit'^ 
ants,  includiijg  163.I  Havc!,. 

Roelingbam,th^  chipf  town  of  Richmon4 
CO.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  feated  on  an  emi- 
nence, about  6  miles  £  of  Great  Pedce 
river,  and  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  a  few  dwelling  houfcs.  It  is  74 
miles  froi^  liillfborough,  40  from  Betha- 
nia,  and  J36  from  Philadelphia. 

Roditi^bitm, -A  mountainous  co.; of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded' N  by  iihenandoah,  and  S 
by  Augufla.  It  contains  9322  .free  in» 
habitants,  and  1052  flaves. 

Rodingbam,  ufually  called  Rock  town. 
(Harrifoiiburgh  is  its  legal  name,)  a  po(t 
town  and  the  feat  of  ttu:  courts  of  the 
above  county,  is  fituated  on  a  branch  of 
Shenandoah  river,  and  contains  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about.  30  houfes^  It  in 
108  miles  E  by  N  of  the  Sweet  Springs, 
25  N  W  by  N  of  Staunton,  ja  S  W  of 
Straiburgli,  in'  Pcimfylvauia,  and  262  SI 
W  of  Philadelphia. 

Rodlaiidin^,  a  military  pod  on  the  Oco« 
nee  river,  Georgia. 

Rockland,  a  county  iu  N.  York,  on  the 
W  fide  of  Hudfon  river.  It  was  feparat- 
cd  from  Orange  county,  an<l  is  now  the 
fouthcrnmoft  county  in  the  State,  on 
that  tide  xhe  river,  bounded  by  N.  Jerfey, 
S  VV,  Orange  county  N  W,  Hudfou's  riv- 
er F..    It  has  6353  inhabitants. 

Rody  Mtadoius,  called  by  the  FrencI^ 
La  Praire  du  Rochtr,  in  the  Indiana  Terri-* 
tory,  onthcE  fide  of  the  Millifippi,  i* 
miles  N  of  Kalkafltias,  ajid  3  S  of  Fort 
Chartrcs.      About  ao  years  ago,  it  con- 

^ine<l 


■  .<■• 


1  ■  we 


i  J.i 


^OG 


ROM 


«&ined  100  white  inhabitants,  and  So  ne- 
groes. 

Jtochemirko,  I-incoln  co.  Maine,  now  Jay. 

Raclonkama,  a  pond  of  about  a  mile  in 
circHmfcrence,  in  the  centre  of  Long  Ifl- 
ttiid,  N.  York,  between  Smithtown  and 
Ittip.  It  is  continually  ebbing  aud  (low- 
ing; rifing  graduivJIy  for  feveral  years, 
until  it  has  arrived  to  a  certain  height  ; 
antl  then  falling  nwre  rapidly  to  it8  loweft 
bed. 

Rocky  IJland,  in  the  tIvct  Detroit  U. 
Canada,  Ires  (m  the  !•!  iide  of  GrofFe  Illc, 
and  clofc  to  it  ;  tiiis  iOand  is  a  rock,  flw 
ftone  of  which  i»  valuable  for  building  or 
for  lime.  The  rock  i»  in  flrata,  lying 
pretty  regnlar.  'J'herc  is  no  wood  on 
thi»  iiland.  Smyth. 

Rocky  Point,  <m  the  S  fliore  of  I.aVe 
£rte,  lies  80  milo«  from  the  itay  of  Saiul- 
uiky, 

RncSy,  a  fnwtH  river  «f  N.  Carolina, 
which  empties  into  Yadkin  river. 

Roiliy  mtuitt,  or  Frantlln  Court  Hoiifi:,  in 
Virginia,  where  is  a  port  office,  *.^  miles 
frotn  Martinlburg,  40  from  1-iborty,  and 
13,7  from  Philadelphia. 

Raciy  Mount,  «n  the  CatJ»bau  river,  in 
the  lower  part«f  Clicttcr  co.  S.  Carolina, 
one  of  the  Inrgeft  Hlhing  places  in  the 
fonthvrn  Statcfc.  It  is  faid,  that  with  a 
hand  net,  a  man  fontetimes  catches  zo,or 
%i,oo&OMid  in  a  day. 

R9*iy  River,  m  the  Iwliana  Territory, 
fUUiato  tlkc  E  fide  of  JVIillilippi  river, 
about  70  miles  Wlow  tl)«  mouth  of 
Jbline  rifer.  A  lead  mine  extends  fporn 
the  mouth  of  this  river  on  the  banks  of 
the  NfiiKltppi,  more  than  100  miles  up- 
ward*. 

RntoGraiide,  an  ifland  ^n  the  corafi  of 
theSpanifli  Main,  in  the  W.  Indies.  N 
lafc  ii  5,W  l«n.  67  .19. 

RoJiuy,  Point,  OB  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
Amelrica,  is  the  N  point  of  Norton  Sound. 
Sledge  Idand  is  S  K  j^  £  of  it  4  leagues, 
Itctwecn  wMch  and  the  ctmtinent  is  an- 
chorage in  7  fathoms.  This  point  has 
itj  name  iii  honor  of  the  celebrated  Ad- 
miral, Lord  Rodney.  N  lat.  64  30,  W 
Ion.  166  3. 

ReJrigufs  K<y,  on  the  coaft  of  Florida, 
a  pretty  large  maii_^rovc  ifland,  one  of 
t^\e  Tortuga's,  lying  ofT  Key  Largo, 
and  btars  from  'J  avtrnits'  Key  N  N  E 
^  E  5  miles.  The  roots  of  the  trees  arc 
always  overflowed.  N  lat.  25,  Wlon.  81 17. 

Ratlmci  TJlanJ,  at  the  eaftern  extremity 
mH  Lake  Ontario.     Sec  Forejl  Jjlmd. 

Rn^irs'  SotiJ,  I'o  called  from  the  pirfon 


under  whofe  diredl:ion  it  was  madf,  in 
1790.  It  leads  through  Clinton  ro.  in 
N.  York  flatc  into  Canada  ;  and  is  much 
ufcd  in  winter,  when  palling  the  lakes  ij 
often  dungcroun,  and  alwavs  uncomloic- 
able. 

^oo-zvyi/Z/r,  the  chief  town  of  Hawkiir, 
CO.  TencHcc,  is  handfomely  fituutcd  in 
Cartcr'e  valley,  with  a  prolptt^t  pliafinj^ly 
variegated  by  foine  round  hills  at  a  clil- 
tancc.  It  contains  about  in  dwelling 
luiufes,  fome  public  buildings,  ftorcs,  &:>■. 
It  lias  a  nunilKT  of  [xrrenial  Ipriiigs,  and 
oni  above  the  level  of  tke  llrecrs.  '\'i,r 
road  from  Knoxvilie  to  Pliiladilphia.6;{ 
I  miles,  paflcs  by  Rogerfville, Rofs's  lur- 
naoc,  Abingdon,  Englilh's  I'erry,  on  New 
River, Big  LickiPcytonflmrg,  Rockbridge, 
Lexington, Staunton, N.  Market, Vniclitl- 
ter,  FrcdcrickH)Wr>,  York,  and  Lanrafti.1. 

RaLtnil's  Table,  on  the  maiii  land  of  tli; 
E  coaft  of  the  diftritft  of  tiafpee  in  L. 
Canada,  and  the  W  part  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  I^awrencr,  is  a  flat  mountain,  which 
Ihews  itfetf  offtofcaward;  appears  above 
feveral  others,  and  fcrves  to  find  out  Hie 
Pe'reee,  or  I'ierred  iiland,  15  nnlcs  from 
Cape  Gafpec.  The  ijlaiul  of  Bouavcntu- 
ra  is  3  miles  beyond  it. 

R-ollIng  JFoii,  a  main  Ibnthem  brancli  of 
Salt  river,  in  Kentucky.  The  towns  of 
Lydra  and  Bcalibnrg  ftand  on  this  river. 

Riimnn,  Ciifir,  on  the  coaft  of  S»  Caroli- 
na. F'roin  hence  to  Charlefton  light 
houfe  the  courfe  isW  S  W  ^  W  ai  league*, 
N  kit.  33  J,  W  Ion.  79  30. 

Roman,  Capr,  on  the  coaft  »f  Florida,  i« 
ao^  leagues  N  tV  by  N  of  Cape  Sable. 
the  S  W  point  of  the  peninfula  uf  Florida. 

Roman,  Cape,  on  the  N  COaft  of  "^t'crra 
Firma,  fs  the  N  point  of  the  pentnfuh 
which  is  tlie  £  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Ve- 
nezuela. Near  it  on  the  N  are  a  number 
of  rocks,  and  due  N  of  it  is  the  iiland  nf 
Orua,  or  Aruba,  belonging  to  the  Uutch, 
8  or  9  leagues  diftanu 

Rtmann,  or  Romano  Cayo,  a  fmall  iiland 
ofF  the  N  fliore  of  the  iiland  of  Cuba.  It 
is  long  and  narrow,  and  at  the  caftern  ei- 
trcinity  of  that  cluftcr  of  illcs  called  the 
King's  Garden. 

Romt;  a  port  town  of  N.  York,  Oneida 
CO.  on  Mohawk  river,  8  miles  A\'  ot 
Wliiteftown,  and  376  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia, having  1479  inhabitants.  'I'lii* 
townfliip  was  taken  from  Steuben,  aiul 
incorporated  in  1796.  Fort  Stanwix,  ciiH- 
ed  alio  New  Fort  Schuyler,  is  in  tin 
town. 

Rcmnfy,  the  chief  town  of  Mamplhin' 


•o.Virgiiiii 

tioul'cit,  a  h 

X-'iol.     It  is 

of  the  S  W 

.^o  mile.H  W 

by  N  of  M( 

Town,  in  A 

ii  a  poft  to 

of  Philadclj 

Romupjck, 

Jcrlcy,  on 

miles' N  of  1 

Romulus, 
York  ftate,  ( 
and  Cayuga 
the  ferry  at 
its  N  part, 
and  has  with 
lliipsof  Juni 
ol  tliclitnds  r 
of  Indians,  ) 
X02J  inhabit 

R'liuh;  otR 

adincs,dcpcn 

aJa,  in  the  \\ 

way  between 

Grenada,  abo 

contain.'s  abou 

whic/i   arc  w 

and  the  cnltiv 

Ropt  Juriy 

tiiwu   of  No 

luiles  S  \V  by  ' 

poft  road  to  ] 

tip   from   Loi 

Millftone  Poii 

'n  Auguft,  17, 

^^a8  built  aero 

Millftone   Poi 

feet  deep,     Tl 

vutU  a  Hiding! 

Raqiti',  Cipe, 
W  of  Cape  St, 
'•'"•  .17  30. 

Ro/j^Acune.  ii 

I^NE  iEof 

point  of  the  i/la 

R'fi,  or  St  , 

tliA.'  coaft  of  \\\ 

30  miles  N  E, 

•'"lad.     'J'lic  h: 

8  feet  water,  w 

there  is   16  or  i 

"11  the  main  la 

'"•ten  this  bay  ; 

•he  W,  is  (roni 

h  is  generally  i 

prudueing,  in    i 

aild  live  oak.     '1 

»^l"  the  bay  is 


ROS 


R03 


•i).VirgiiiiH,  contains  about  70  dwelling 
liuul'eii,  a  brick  cuurt  houlc  and  a  (lone 
^aol.  It  is  lituatcd  un  the  wcftern  bank 
«)t  the  S  W  branch  of  Patowmac  riytr, 
^o  miles  VV  by  N  ot  Winchtfter,  15  N  L 
by  Nof  MoorlicUh,  and  18  S  W  of  Old 
Town,  in  Allegliany  co.  Pennfylvania.  It 
ii  a  pofl  town,  and  is  242  miles  W  by  S 
uf  Philadelphia. 

Romopjckf  a  village  in  Bergen  co.  M. 
Jcri'ey,  on  Roniopuck  river,  13  or  ao 
miles  N  of  Pattt'i'lon. 

Jioiiiuliit,  a  military  towndiip  in-'  N: 
York  ftate,  Cayuga  co.  bctweto  Seneca 
and  CayugA  Lakes.  The  high  road  to 
the  ferry  at  C.iyuga  Lake,  runt  through 
its  N  part.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 794 ; 
and  has  within  its  jitrilditilion  the  town- 
ibipsof  Junusand  Galen,  and  that  part 
ol  the  lands  rifcrved  to  the  Cayuga  nation 
of  Indians,  VV  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has 
1025  inhabitants. 

H'wiL;  or  RL-on.le  ^/jh</,  one  of  the  Gren- 
adines, dependent  on  the  iJland  of  Gren- 
ada, in  the  \V.  Indies,  fituatcd  ab(>ut  mid- 
way between  Cariacou  and  the  N  end  of 
Grenada,  about  4  leagues  fronji  each.  It 
containis  about  5C0  acres  of  excellent  laud, 
uhich  are  wholly  applied  to  paflurage, 
and  the  cidtivation  of  cotton. 

Rupe  /'Wry,  a  ferry  acrofs  a  bay  in  the 
town  of  New  London,  Conncilicut  ;  4 
luiles  S  \V  by  W  of  N.  Loudon  city,  on  the 
pod  road  to  New  Haven,  The  bay  lets 
up  from  Long  Illand  Sound,  between 
Millftone  Point  and  Black  Point  in  Lvme. 
In  Auguft,  17<;^),  a  bridge,  500  feet  long, 
\\M  built  acrofs  this  ferry,  2  miles  above 
AlillOonc  Point,  where  the  water  is  18 
feet  deep.  The  bridge  is  24  feel  broad, 
«uth  a  liidingdraw, 

Roijiif,  C.ipe,  on  the  coad  of  Brazil,  N 
W  of  Cape  St.  AuguftJne,  S  laX.  6  jo,  W 
lun.  .37  30. 

Ro/j,ji  ca(>e  in  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo, 
F.  N  E  ^  l-;  of  Cape  Dame  Marie,  the  W 
puintof  the  illand, didant  about.  7  leagues. 

R'/.i,  or  Si  A'yi'i  an  txtenlive  bay  on 
tlie  coall  of  W.  ilorida,  flrciching  alxnit 
30  miles  N  £,  and  is  from  4  to  6  miles 
broad.  'I'lie  bar  before  it  has  only  7  or 
8  feet  water,  w  here  deepcft ;  but  within 
there  is  16  or  17,  as  far  as  the  Red  BluIT 
(111  the  main  land.  The  pcninfula  be- 
tween this  bay  and  that  of  Pcnfacola,  on 
the  \V,  is  from  i  to  3  or  4  miles  broad. 
It  is  generally  a  very  poor,  fandy  foil, 
producing,  in  Ibme  places,  large  pines 
aild  live  oak.  The  largell  river  that  falls 
Uitu  the  b:iy  is  ChaCU  liitCchii,  or  f^^A 


river,  which  runs  from  the  N  F.  and  entcr# 
the  eancrn  extremity  01  the  bay  througlT 
ieveral  mouths,  but  fo  llioal  that  only  a< 
Imallboat  Or  canoe  can  pals  them.  Mr> 
Hutchins  afcmded  it  about  25  league»T 
where  he  found  a  fmall  party  uf  the 
CouiTac  Indians. 

R*fa,  or  Ro/e  I/ljiiJ,  extcndii  along  the 
mouth  of  the  above  bay,  and  h>  about  /o 
miles  long,  and  no  where  above  half  a 
mile  broad.  'I'hc  channel  at  the  E  end 
of  the  ifland  is  lb  choaked  up'  with  a  large 
iTioali  in  fonic  places' dry,  that  the  deep- 
cll  water  is  only  4  or  5  feet ;  and  the 
channel  between  Kofc  Illand  and  tiie 
main  is  barely  fuflicient  fur  boats  orpvt- 
tiaugerf. 

Rofalky  Fvrtr  is  fttuated  in  the  Miflifip- 
pi  territory,  in  the  Natchez  country,  oiv 
the  b  Ude  of  the  Millilippi,  in  lat.  JJt  40 ; 
243  miles  above  New  Orleans. 

Rfcau,  the  capital  of  the  irtnnd  of 
Doniinleo,  in  the  \V.  Indies.  It'  is  now 
calkd  Charloiietown,  and  is  lituatcd  in 
St.  George's  parifli,abt)ut  7  leagues  from 
Prince  Rupert's  Bay.  It  is  on  a  point  <»f 
land  on  the  S  W  lide  of  the  illand  which 
forms  two  bays,  viz.  WoodbridgeV  Bay  N, 
and  Chailouevillc  Bay  S.  Kolcau  i« 
about  half  a  mile  in  length  from  Char- 
lotteville  to  Rofeau,  and  modly  tw<»  fur- 
longs in  breadth,  but  is  of  an  irregular 
figure.  It  contains  more  than  500  houles, 
bclidc  cottages  occupied  by  negroes. 
Whilft  in  poll'efliou  of  the  French,  it  con- 
tained upward*  of  icoo  houl'is.  N  lax. 
»5  15.  W  hin.  61  27. 

Rtjl:,  St.  or  y^iynu.  The  cflabltflimenta 
in  the  plain  of  .St.  Rofe,  and  thole  on  the 
banks  of  the  Jayna,  on  the  S  lide  of  the 
illand  of  St.. Domingo,  are  looked  upon  a« 
depending  on  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 
They  are  reckoned  to  contain,  at  Iralt, 
icoo  inhabitants ;  for  the  mud  part  peo- 
ple of  colour.free  and  Haves,  'fhe  river 
Jayna  is  3  leagues  W  of  that  city.  The 
parilh  of  St.  Rofe  or  J.ayna,  whicli  has  in 
its  dependency  the  ancient  rich  popula- 
tion of  Bonavcnture,  is  m>w  reduced  t(v 
a  handful  of  individuals,  whofe  employ- 
ment is  the  breeding  of  cattli  or  the  wafli- 
ing  of  gold  land.  Towards  the  I'ource  of 
the  Jayna,  and  near  the  town  of  St.  Role, 
were  the  celebrated  gold  mines  of  St. 
Chridopher  ;  in  the  niighbourho«)d  of 
which  Columbus  ercdted  a  fort  by  the 
name  of  St.  Chridophcr. 

Rv/eway,  Port,  a  populous  feaport  town , 
on  the  S  E  coafl  of  Nova  Scotia,  N  i'l  by 
F. «[  ^jtpe  Mecro  and  Harbour. 


11 


P 
I** 

i.: 


tiou 

kofc'.vay  TJIatid,  lies  at  the  mouth  c 
t'ort  Wager,  on  the  S  E  coall  of  Nov^ 
Scotia 

Sojlif  Cipf,  in  Pctiobfcot  Bay,  Maine. 

X'ifiers,  C:i/>e,  the  6  limit  of  the  mouth 
hftlic  river  8t.  l^awrence  ;  fr am  whence 
it  is  90  miles  acrol's  to  the  N  thore,  meaf- 
tiriiig  by  the  W  end  of  the  iflatld  of  An- 
ticofti.  This  is  the  eanertlmoft  pciut  of 
the  diflridl  of  Gafpee,  in  L.  CMoada.  It 
has  FlorcU  Ifle  and  Cape  Galpee  on  the 
S.     N  lat.  48  56,  W  ion.  63  40. 

Jtofs,  a  co.cf  the  ftatc  of  Ohio,  Has  8540 
inhabitants.  It  is  divided  into  11  towii- 
lliips;  viz.  Pickaway,  Green,  Jefferfon, 
Pe  Pee,  liiclc,  Scioto,  Union,  Concord, 
Paxtoa,  New  Market,  and  W^ayne. 

Xojij.-iol,  Port,  on  the  S  coafl:  of  Nova 
Scoti.i,  a  harbour  S  Wof  Portde  L'Hevc. 

Rojtgnvl,  a  conlideralile  lake  in  Nova 
Scotia,  between  Liverpool  <4nd  Annapolis. 
'I'he  Indians  lay  it  is  the  main  fodrce  of 
Liverpool  and  Petit  rivers.  It  has  been 
a  place  of  rcfort  for  the  Indians,  od  ac- 
count of  the  favourable  hunting  grounds 
upon  it. 

Mottertfani,  or  Anamocbe  JJlf,  one  of  the 
Friendly  lllands,  N  of  Amfterdam  ifle ; 
remarkable  for  its  fertihty  and  the  peace- 
sibie  dii'pofition  of  tlic  inhabitants. 

Rotterdam,  New,  a  new  fettlcment  on 
the  N  iide  of  Oneida  Lake,  N.  York. 

Rouge,  Cipe,  or  Red  Cipe,  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  4  leagues  W 
of  Point  Ifabeilica. 

Rouge  River,  in  Louifiaha,  is  fo  called 
from  its  water*  being  of  a  red  colour,  and 
faid  to  tinge  thofe  uf  the  Mflifippi  in  the 
time  of  the  flo^s.  It  rifes  in  New  Mex- 
ico, and,  aft*!*,  running  about  600  miles, 
Joins  the  Miflirippi  187  miles  above  New 
Orleans,  56^  miles  below  Fort  Rofalie  ; 
30  miles  from  its  mouth  it  receives  Noir, 
or  Black  river.  Near  70  leagues  up  Rouge 
fiver  the  French  had  a  confiderahle  poft 
called  Natchitoches.  It  was  a  frontier  to 
the  Spanifli  fettlements,  being  ao  miles 
from  Fort  Adayes.  The  Fort  at  Natchi- 
toches was  formerly  garrlfoned  by  a  Cap- 
tain's Command,  and  contained  about  40 
families,  moftly  of  difcharged  foldicfs,  and 
fome  merchants,  who  traded  with  the 
Spaniards.  Tobacco  of  a  fuperior  quali- 
ty is  cultivated  at  this  poft,  in  confidcra- 
ble  quantities,  and  fold  at  New  Orleans. 
See  Red  River.  Hutchini. 

Rouge  Cbapeau,  or  Red  Hat,  a  cape  on 
the  coaft  of  N.  America.  N  lat.  46  ji, 
W  Ion.  S5  sfi- 

R<,und  Buy,  a  fine  bay,  with  good  an- 


ROW 

chorage,  on  tlio  W  fide  of  the  ifland  cf 
.St.  Lucia. 

Round,  Cape,  oii  the  coad  of  Labra- 
dor. 

Round  Heads,  Indians  inhabiting  nn 
Round  Head  river,  in  N.  America.  VVar- 
riors,  200O. 

Round  IJljnd,  a  fmall  ifland  drt  the  coal] 
of  W.  riorida,  lies  5  milts  N  frrtm,  and 
oppoilte  to,  the  middle  of  Horn  Ifland, 
and  is  well  timbered. 

Riiiiiid  Ruck,  one  of  tKe  Virjin  Iflands, 
N  of  Ginger  Ifland.  N  lat.  18  10,  \V 
Ion.  6a  53. 

Rowan,  one  of  the  moft  populous  coun- 
ties of  N.  Carolina  in  Salifhiiry  diflrict ; 
bounded  N  by  Iredell,  and  S  by  Cabarrus. 
It  contains  19,413  inhabitants,  including 
2531  flavcs.  In  this  co:  about  10  miles  S 
W  of  Sallfljury,  aoo  from  the  fca,  and  70 
from  the  mountains  is  a  remarkable  fub- 
tCrrancous  wall.  The  (Vones  are  all  of 
one  kind,  contain  iron  ore,  are  of  a  long 
figure,  commoniy  about  7  inches  long, 
fometimes  13.  The  ends  of  the  ftoncs 
form  the  fides  of  the  wall,  fome  prefcrvo 
their  dimenfions,  others  end  hke  a  wedge. 
The  alternate  pofition  of  great  and 
fmall  ends  keeps  the  wall  level.  Every 
concave  flone  is  furniflied  with  i  convex. 
The  mofl:  irregular  tre  throwrt  into  the 
middle  of  the  wall,  fcvery  flone  is  cov- 
ered  with  cement,  which  in  fome  inftances 
is  an  inch  thick,  and  where  wet  is  foft 
like  putty.  The  wall  is  uniformly  aa 
inches  thick,  the  length  difcovered  is 
about  300  feet,  the  height  laor  14.  The 
top  of  the  wall'is  nearly  parallel  with  the 
top  of  the  ground,  about  a  foot  below, 
both  fides  are  plaftered,  and  in  one  place 
only  is  a  bend  or  curve  of  6  feet.  The 
whole  is  executed  in  a  nioft  ikilful  man- 
ner.    See  IValt  Siibterranetut. 

Roive,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  W  corner 
of  HampHiire  co.  MalTachufetts  ;  bound- 
ed N  by  Vermont,  1 15  miles  N  W  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  is  watered  by  Decrficld  river, 
and  contains  575  inhabitants. 

Rowley,  a  townfliip  of  MaflTachufetts, 
EITex  CO.  having  Newbury  on  the  N  1- 
The  inhabitants,  1557  '"  number,  are 
moftly  farmers.  Near  its  bounds  with 
Newbury  on  the  hill  S  E  from  the  mills 
on  Smelt  R.  fome  fpecimens  of  black 
lead  have  been  difcovered,  and  it  is 
thought  there  is  a  confiderahle  body  of 
it,  which  may  be,  hereafter,  an  objed 
of  confcquence.  It  is  4  miles  N  by  W  of 
Ipfwich,  and  34NbyE  of  BoAon,  and 
was  iucorporate'd  in  1639. 


ROY 


RUN 


land  cf 

Labra- 

ting  on 
.     War- 

he  coart 
bm,  and 
a  Ifland, 

1  1  (lands, 
3  lo,  W 

JUS  coun- 
'  diftrict ; 
Llabarrus. 
including 
lO  milfs  S 
:a,  and  70 
sable  fub- 
ire  all  oi 
I  of  a  long 
:hes  long, 
the  ftones 
le  prefcrvo 
ce  a  wedge. 
great  and 
el.  Every 
h  I  convex. 
rt  into  the 
3ne  is  cov. 
le  inftances 
vet  is  foft 
iformly  la 

"covered  is 
|ri4-    Tbe 

•1  with  the 
ot  below, 
one  place 

Ifeet.    The 

jlful  man- 

W  corner 

is ;  btiund- 

W  of  Bof- 

acld  river, 

QTachufetts, 
fthc  N  !•:. 
Lmber,  are 
funds  with 
,  the  mills 
of  black 
land  it    i» 
body  of 
Ian  objeift 
by  W  of 
Jollon,  and 


Jloxas,  Haiu  dc,  the  heights  lu  the  dif- 
tridt  of  Bayaguana,  in  the  middle  of  the 
t  part  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  are 
fi)  called.  Here  Vaiverde  faw,  after  hav- 
ing long  fought  for  it  in  vain,  a  little 
quadruped,  which  la  fumi  and  fize  refcm- 
bled  a  flicking  p^  uf  a  fortnight  old,  ex- 
cept that  its  fnout  was  a  little  longer.  It 
had  but  very  little  hair,  which  was  as  fine 
as  that  of  the  dogs  called  Chintfe.  The 
town  of  Bayaguana  is  about  4  leagues  S 
E  by  E  of  Baya. 

Roxborougby  a  toWndiip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Philadelphia  CO. 

Saxiiiry,  a  plcafant  town  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  one  mile  S  W  of  ?ofton. 
The  townfliip  is  now  divided  into  3  par- 
iQiesandwas  fettled  in  i6jo.  In  the  3 
pariflies  are  a  765  inhabitants.  The 
firft  parilli  in  this  town  has  lately  been 
cunne«Stcd  withBoAon  harbour  bV  a  canal. 
The  Rev.  John  Eliot,  the  Apoftle  of  the 
Indians,  was  the  firrt  minifter  who  fettled 
here.  He  tranflated  the  Bible,  and  other 
pious  books,  into  the  Indi^u  language ; 
and  founded  many  religous  focieties 
among  the  Indians.  Thofe  oiMarJhfn, 
few  in  number,  remain  to  this  day.  He 
died  in  1670,  after  being  pador  60  years. 
Roxbury,  a  townfliip  in  the  \V  p;u-t  of 
Orange  co.  Vermont, having  113  inhabit- 
ants. 

Roxbury,  a  townfliip  of  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  Mufconecifnk  river,  25  miles 
from  its  confluence  with  the  Delawai'e, 
ard  45  mUes  N  of  Trenton.  Near  it  is  a 
mineral  i'pring. 

Roxbury,  a  town  in  Litchfield  co.  Con- 
netfticut,  containing  11 21  inhabitants. 

^0X0,  a  cape  near  the  S  W  part  of  Por- 
to Rico  IHand,  and  S  of  Cape  Rincon.  N 
lat^  i8  II,  W  Ion.  67  53. 

Royal  Bay,  at  the  N  part  of  the  ifland 
of  .'\iitigua. 

Rtyai  IJe,  In  the  S  W  part  of  lake  Su- 
perior, lies  to  the  N  of  Ifle  Philippeaux,  N 
E  of  W.  bay,  and  S  of  the  Grand  Portage. 
It  is  about  100  miles  long  and  40  broad. 

Smyth. 
Royal  IJIe,  a  fmall  fertile  ifldnd  in  the 
river  St.  Lawrence ;  60  miles  below  Lake 
Ontario.     The  French   fort  on  it  was 
taken  by  Gen.  Amhcrft,  in  1 760. 

Royal  t  R.  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
empties  into  Cafco  Bay,  in  the  townfliip 
ofN.  Yarmouth. 

Royjltoit,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  N  W  of  Hartford,  on  While  R. 
and  contains  1501  inhabitants. 

Royalflo!,,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetta, 
Vot.  I.  X  X  X 


Wortefter  co.  40  miles  N  W  by  N  of 
Worcefter,  and  70  N  W  of  Boflon.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1665,  and  contains  1243 
inhabitants.  Miller's  R.  runs  through 
this  town  from  the  E. 

Ruatan,  or  Rattan,  an  ifland  in  the  BaT 
of  Honduras,  8  leagues  from  tbe  Mofqui- 
to  fhore,  and  about  aoo  \V  by  S  of  th^ 
ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  is  30  miles  long  and 
13  broad,  naturally  fortified  with  rocks 
and  flioals,  except  the  entrance  into  thft 
harbour,  which  is  fo  narrow  that  only 
ope  fliip  can  pafs  it  at  a  time  ;  the 
harbour  is  one  of  the  fiaefl  in  the 
world,  and  can  aftbrd  fafe  anchora^.e  for 
500  fail  of  fliips.  It  was  totally  uninhab- 
ited until  1742,  when  the  Britifli,  under 
the  command  of  Major  Crawford,  began 
a  fet'tlement,  in  order  to  piotedl  the  log- 
wood cutters,  and  fecnre  a  trade  with  the 
Spaniards  of  Gnatimala,  for  cochineal, 
indigo,  &c.  but  it  was  foon  abandoned. 
Nlat.  17  6,  W  Ion.  88  12. 

Rutrehy^  Mills,  in  S.  Carolina,  are  about 
12  miles  N  of  Camden,  near  the  wcftern- 
moft  branch  of  Lyuche's  Creek.  Here 
Gen.  Greene  retreated,  in  May,  1781,  to 
wait  for  reinforcements,  after  his  repulfe 
at  Camden,  and  to  prevent  fupplics 
reaching  it. 

Ruijfeau,  GrahJ,  a  fettlemcnt  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  river  MitTifippi,  and  in  the  In- 
diana Territory,  which,  with  the  villages 
of  St.  Philip  and  Braire  du  Rochcrs,  con- 
tained, in  1792,  X40  inhabltartts. 

Rumford.     See  Concord,  N.  Hampfliirc. 

Rumford,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  b.ink  of  G.  Androfcog- 
gin  R.  nbout  80  miles  N  W  of  Portland. 
The  townfliip  is  about  8  miles  fquare,  7 
of  which  lie  N  of  Androfcoggin  R.  which 
meanders  through  it  about  1%  miles. 
About  a  mile  from  its  £  line  there  is  a 
large  fall.  Ellis'  river  runs  through  it  oa 
the   weft  fide. 

Rumi  Ramba,  a  plain  hear  Quito  in  Pe- 
ru, full  of  large  fragments  of  rocks,  thrown 
thither  from  a  volcano,  formerly  in  the 
famous  mountain  of  Pichincha. 

Rum  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflands. 
N  lat.  23  52,  W  Ion.  74  17. 

Rumiiey,  or  Romney,  a  townfliip  of  N. 
Hampfliire,  Grafton  co.  on  a  N  branch  of 
Baker's  R.  about  7  or  8  miles  N  W  of 
Plymouth  on  the  VV  fide  of  the  Pemlge- 
wafTet.  It  was  incorporated  in  1767, and 
contains  624  inhabitants. 

Runatmy  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua,  between  the  fort  on 
Corblzon's  Paint  JS',  und  Fort  Hamilton 

to 


^  •  I 


R  U  V 

to  the  South.    OflTit  lie  rocks  and  Hioals. 

Runaway  Biiy,  on  the  N  coa(t  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  W  of  Great  Laughlandi 
river  and  Mumby  Bay,  and  9  oV  10  miles 
E  of  Rio  Bueno. 

Riibert,  the  N  wedernmod  townfliip  of 
Bennington  co.  Vermont.  It  contains 
1648  inhahitants. 

RuperCs  Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
affords  good: flicker  from  the  winds,  and 
i»  deep,  capacious  and  Tandy.  It  is  the 
principal  bay  of  the  ifland,  and  on  it  is 
ereiSted  the  town  of  Portfmouth. 

Rupert's  Fort,  at  the  bottom  of  Hudlon's 
3.iy,  in  N.  America,  is  fituated  on  a  river 
of  the  fame  name,  on  theE  fide  of  James's 
Bav ;  between  Slade  R.  N,  and  Nodway 
R.S.     N  lat.  5r50,Wlon.8o5. 

Rupert's  JJlinJ,  the  mofl  weflferly  of  the 
4  ifl.inds  in  the  ftraits  of  MagelUin,  which 
form  the  S  fide  of  Royal  Reach. 

Rujkohefrcn,  the  Indian  name  of  Parker's 
Ifland  in  Kennebeck  river. 

Rujfelville,  a  town  in  Logan  co.  in  the 
tnuthern  part  of  Kentucky,  in  a  populous 
part  of  the  ftate,  about  40  miles  from 
Nafliville, has  65  inhabitants. 

Ruffell  ToivnPiip,  in  the  county  of  Leeds,' 
U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  northward  of 
Kitley. 

Rujlom  River,  IT.  Canada,  runs  into  lake 
St.  Clair,  between  Point  aux  Rijckes  and 
Belle  riVer  :  a  loaded  boat  may  go  6  miles 
up  this  river  ;  the  laud  is  exceedingly 
good  <>ii  Its  banks ;  there  is  a  fettlement 
of  Indians  a  few  mihs  up  it.  Smyth. 

Htiffdl,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded  N 
by  Greenbriar,  and  S  by  Lee  co.  It  con- 
tains 4456  inhabitants,  including  351 
flaves. 

Ru(fc1l,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Mafl!achulett3,  15  miles  W  of  Springfield, 
and  108  Why  S  of  Boflon.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  179a,  and  contains  4jr 
inhabitants. 

Rutherford,  a  CO.  of  Morgan  diftriift,  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  Nov  Burke  and  S  by 
the  fta'e  of  S.  Carolina.  It  contains 
10,696  inhabitants,  including  1047  flaves. 

Rutherford  Totvii,  capital  of  the  above 
CO.  has  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes. 

Ri!thllor6U]!i,,\.  village  in  Queen  Anne's 
fo  Maryland,  on  Tuckalioc  Creek,'  6 
miles  SE  of  Centcrville,  and  7iN  Wof 
Greenlbo  rough. 

Rutlind,  a  CO.  of  Vermont,  boimded  N 
by  Addifua  co.  E  by  VVindfor,  S  by  Ben- 


!t  y  E 

nington,  W  by  N.  York.  Otter  Greet 
and  other  flreams,  water  this  county.  It 
has  alfo  numerous  lakes  or  ponds,  well 
flored  with  fifli ;  the  chief  of  thefe,  are 
I-akes  Bombazon,  and  St.  Auftin  ;  t  In- 
former in  Huhbcrton  and  Caftleton,  and 
the  latter  in  Wells.  It  contains  15  town- 
Ihips,  and  23,813  inhabitants.  Here  are 
14  forges,  3  furnaces,  afid  a  flitting  mil!. 
Rutland,  a  poll  town  of  Vermont,  and 
capitaroPth"B  above  co.  on*  Otter  Creek, 
55  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Lake  Cham- 
phin  ;  57mrie9  ff  of  Bennington,  45  W 
by  N  of  Windfor.  It  contains  a  con- 
gregational church,  a  court  houfe,  and 
ail5  inhabitants.  N  lat.  43  34  30,  W 
Ion.  72  50  30.  The  mean  heat  here;  ac- 
cording to  Dr.  Williams,  is  43  6 
,  ,  .  Leaft  heat  at 
•:«rvJ..JMrr.J  ^.  Greateft  heat  9a 
Pipe  clay  is  found  here,  which  has  betn 
wrought  into  crucibles  that  prove  very 
durable. 

Rutland,  a  townfliip  of  MaflachufettJ, 
Wo  cefter  co.  14  miles  N  Wof  Worcefter, 
and  56  W of  Bofton.  The  town  wasiii- 
corporated- in.  17^2,  and  "contains  lacb 
inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  height  of  land 
between  Conticcticut  river  and  Merri- 
mack. From  a  barn  in  this  town,  the 
water  wliich  drops  from  the  eaftern  fide 
of  the  roof,,  runs  to  the  Merrimack,  and 
that  which  falls  from  the  weflern  fidi: 
runs  to  the  Conneiflicut.  In  this  town 
are  two  confiderable  ponds.  Several 
flreams  proceed  thence  in  diflferent  di- 
redtions  ;  fome  fuflicjently  large  for  mills. 
The  profpedls  from  the  centre  of  tfie 
town  are  exteuuve  and  delightful. 

Rutledge,  the  fliire  town  of  Grainger  co 
Teneflee,  in-  Richland  valley.  It  con- 
tains 8  or  10  dwelling  Houfes,  and  is  a 
handfome  Rourifiiing  village. 

Rye,  A  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire,  011 
the  fea  coaft  of  Rockingham  co.  oppolite  j 
the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  8  miles  S"  of  Portf- 
mouth.    It  was  incorporated  in  17 191 
and  contains  890  inhabitants.     The  coali  | 
affords  excellent  fait  hav. 

Rye,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  W.  Chefti: 
CO.  on  L.  Ifland  Sound  ;   36  miles  N  E  ui  1 
N.  York  city.      It  contains   1 1 74  inhab- 
itants. 

Rye,  a  townfliip  ia  Cumberland  Ciil 
Pennfylvaria.  It  has  1030  inhabitanti 
Ryei^i>ie,t\\e  S  eafternmoll  townfliip  '>'■[ 
Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  and  feparatedj 
from  Bath  in  N.  Hampfliire,  by  Conned-I 
icut  R.    It  contains  406  inhabltantj. 

i>AB:-\ 


"dc.  Grea, 
Saranac,  an 
On  this  Area 
whole  defce; 
feet,  in  feve 
which  is  40 
foot  of  it  th( 
large  pine  h; 
pitch  over  e 
minutes  und 
confined  by 
<pareof4ofl 
falls  are  at  lej 
fi-efliet,  the  fl. 
^d  in  a  few 
full  banks,  an 
ftrmfljona,  v 
crafliii^. 

Sai/e,  an  ifl; 
Ungues.  It  is 
N  lat.  44,  J,, 

Sable  Point, 
"nd,    .NIat.j 
Sables,  Rivie 
lakf  Huron,  S. 
where  the  wat, 
*o  river  St.  Clai 
Sacatecolula,  ( 
coaft  of  Mexic( 
^'here  is  a  bu 
town  of  the  fai 
Sac,  Grande  R 
the  illand  of  St. 
^ontagne  de  la 
'"kes  a  ftmicirci 
i"id  runs  W  in 
leagues  N  of  Po 
SactvHle,  a  to 
Cumberland  co, 
c-iiled   by  the  . 


«AC 


Greet 

nty.    It 

ids,  well 

liefe,  are 

in  ;  till- 

ton,  and 

15  town- 
Here  are 

;ing  mill. 

lont,  and 

er  Creek. 

c   Cham- 

on,  45  ^^ 

ns  a  con- 

oufe,   and 

34  ?^o,  W 

t  he^ejac- 
43(■ 
11 

t        9* 
I  has  been 
(tove  very 

ffachufett!, 

■  Worceftcr, 

)wnwa3'in- 

itains   ncte 

nght  of  land 
and  Merri- 

s  town,  the 

I  eaftern  fide 

irimack,  and 

weftern  fid< 

In  this  town 
,s.  Several 
different  di- 
irge  for  mill's 
mtre  of  tl't 
[htful. 
Grainger  co 
cy.  It  con- 
[es,  and  is  a 

Lmpfhirci  "" 
\  CO.  oppoli'.t 
US-ofPortf- 
[ted  in  i7'9i| 
la.    Thecoaftl 

|-k,W.CheftcH 

,  miles  N  E  "i  | 

1 1 74  inhiib- 

Imherland  co.| 
lo  inhabitants 
townfliip  »'\ 
lind  feparatell 
E,by  Conned-r 
^habitants 

SAB.-\ 


S 


/li?/^,  one  of  the  Caribbce  Iilands,  in 
the  W.  I.  belonging  to  the  Duteh,  about 
i»  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  13  miles 
N  W  of  St.  Euftatia,  and  30  S  W  of  St. 
Jiartholomcw.  N  lat.  1 7  39,  W  Ion.  6317. 

Sa/>a,  Litile,  one  of  the  linallcr  Virgin 
Iflands,  S  of  St.  Thomas,  belonging  to 
the  Danes. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  S  W  point  of  the  prov- 
i^ice  of  Nova  Scotia.  N  lat.  43  24.  W 
Ion.  65  39.  Variation  of  the  needle,  in 
1787,1*  ij  W. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  S  W  point  of  the  pen- 
infnla  of  Florida  ;  a  leagues  EN  E,  ^ 
Eoftl\e  SW  point  of  the  Dry  Tortuga 
Slioals.     N  lat.  a4  57,  W  Ion.  81  52. 

Sable,  Great  and  Llulc;  two  rivers  emp- 
tying into  Lake  Champlain  from  the  W 
fide.  Great  Sable  R.  is  not  far  from  the 
Saranac,  and  is  fcarcely  60  yards  wide. 
On  this  flream  are  remarkable  falls.  Tlie 
whole  defccnt  of  the  water  is  about  300 
feet,  in  feveral  pitche'',  the  greateft  of 
which  is  40  feet  perpendicular.  At  the 
foot  of  it  the  water  is  unfathomable.  A 
large  pine  has  been  fcen,  in  a  frefliet,  to 
pitch  over  endwife,  and  remain  feveral 
minutes  under  water.  The  ftre.im  is 
confined  by  high  rocks  on  either  fide,  a 
Iparc  of  40  feet ;  and  the  banks  at  the 
falls  are  at  lead  as  many  feet  high.  In  a 
frefliet,  the  flood  wood  frequently  lodges, 
and  in  a  few  minutes  the  water  riies  to 
full  banks,  and  then  burfts  away  its  ob- 
ftruc'ilfons,  with  a  molt  tremendous 
cra{hii\g. 

Sable,  an  ifland  S  E  of  Cape  Breton  2>S 
leagues.  It  is  narrow,  dreary,  and  barren.. 
N  lat.  44  15,  W  Ion.  60. 

Sable  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  Newfound- 
land.    N  lat.  50  34,  W  Ion.  57  t,s- 

Sables,  Riviere  aux,  runs  into  the  S  of 
lakf  Huron,  S.  of  the  higlilands,  anu  E  to 
where  the  waters  of  that  lake  deicend  in- 
to river  St.  Clair. 

Sacatecolula,  or  Lacateculula,  on  the  W 
coaft  of  Mexico,  la  miles  fropi  Limpa  P.. 
There  is  a  burning  mountain  near  the 
town  of  the  fame  name. 

Sac,  Grande  Riviere  dii  Cul  de,  a  river  of 
the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  which  rifes  in 
Montagne  de  la  Selle,  by  two  branches ; 
takes  a  femicircular  courfe  of  la  leagues, 
and  runs  W  into  the  4ea,  about  two 
leagues  N  of  Port  au  Prince. 

Sactvillc,  a  townfliip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Cumberland  co.  on  Chegnedlo  Bafnn, 
called  by  the  French  Beau  Dafin,  and 


SAC 

Tintamare,  and  the  N  fide  of  the  rivt-r 
au  Lac. 

Saco  Falls,  fituatcd  on  Saco  river,  arc 
5  miles  from  the  fca.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  Indian  Illand,  confiding  of 
about  30  acrcj  of  land,  and  on  each  fide 
of  it  tumbles  over  a  precipice  of  rocks, 
atid  mists  with  the  tide.  The  profpcdt 
from  the  E  fide  of  the  ifland  is  very  fub- 
lime  and  niajcfiic.  From  the  begmning 
of  the  falls,  to  the  ide  bcloi\v,  the  differ- 
ence of  height  is  above  40  feet.  There 
are  many  corn  and  faw  mills ;  on  the 
falls,  and  below  the  illand  is  a  fine  bafon, 
where  vclfcls  take  in  their  cargoes.  Sal- 
mon Falls  are  10  miles  above  this. 

Saco  River,  is  one  of  the  three  largeft 
rivers  in  this  difirift.  The  principal 
part  of  its  waters  fall  from  the  White 
Mountains.  Its  courfe, fome  difl.incc  from 
its  fource,  is  S  ;  it  then  fuddeiily  bcndf. 
E,  and  crofles  into  Maine,  and  tii^n 
makes  a  large  bend  N  E  and  S  \V,  em- 
bracing the  fine  townfliip  of  Fiytbur^j. 
Its  general  courfe  thence  to  the  Sea  ii  S 
E.  Great  and  l.ittlc  Oirapce  rivers  fall 
into  it  from  the  W.  This  river  is  in\i- 
gablc  for  fliij)*  to  Saco  Falls,  .ibiiiit  0 
miles  from  the  fea.  Here  the  river  is 
broken  by  Indian  Illand, over  which  is  the 
pod  road.  A  bridge  is  thrown  over  each 
of  the  branches.  A  number  of  milKare 
erc<SUd  here,  to  whiclilogs  are  floated 
from  40  to  50  niihs  above  ;  and  vciTel* 
ican  come  quite  to  the  mills  to  take  in  tlie 
lumber.  Four  million  feet  of  pine  boards 
were  annually  fawed  at  thefe  mills  before 
the  war.  The  mouth  of  this  river  lies  4 
miles  E  of  Cape  Porpoife.  There  is  a 
bar  which  will  not  allow  a  vefl'cl  of  above 
100  tons  burden  to  pafs,  if  fully  loaded. 
Without  the  bar,  and  between  Fletcher's 
Neck  and  the  main  land,  is  a  pool,  where- 
in vefleU  of  any  fize  may  lie  at  all  ftafons 
of  the  year,  :ind  take  in  their  lading  at 
pleafure.  On  the  W  fide  of  the  river  a 
fmall  neck  of  land  divides  it  from  the 
pool,  which  might  be  eafily  cut,  and  fo 
fave  the  hazard  of  paifing  the  bar.  On 
the  branches  of  this  river,  as  well  as  oil 
the  main  ftream,  are  a  great  many  mills 
and  valuable  works  :  30  miles  from  the: 
fea,  a  fmall  ftream  iffiiing  from  Little  OiTa- 
pee  pond,  joins  it  ;  and  20  miles  further 
up  Great  Ofi'apee  river,  from  another 
pond,  fwells  the  Saco,  and  impels  its 
courfe.  Proceeding  up  the  Saco,  iti 
fource  is  found  on  the  S  fide  of  the  White 
Mountains,  in  N.  Hampfliire.  From  thefe 
mountains  the  waters  run  juto  CouDe«5ti- 

cut, 


M 


:»< 


il 
k 


SAG 

cut,?aco,  and  Androfcogjjln  riverii.  Saco 
river  mrandrrs  tlirougli  the  ancient  In- 
dian village  of  Peckwalket,  60  miles  from 
tlie  fca.  In  1775,  a  nrw  river  burft  into 
the  Saco,  from  the  White  Mountains,  and 
dill  continues  to  aid  Sacn  and  a  branch 
ofit,  calird  Ellis's  livcr.  A  mixture  of 
iron  ore,  g:ivc  the  waters  a  red  colour 
for  a  few  days,  and  the  people  on  the  up- 
per bsnks  had  a  report,  that  the  river 
was  bloody,  which  they  confidercd  as  an 
ill  omen  to  the  public  concerns. 

Sacrament,  St.  the  S  wefternmofl  Portu- 
gucfe  fettlcment  in  Brazil,  being  oppofite 
to  Buenos  Ayres.  It  is  alfo  called  Sacra' 
mcnts  Colon::!,  and  was  taken  by  the  Span- 
iards in  1762,  after  a  month's  ficgc ;  but 
by  the  treaty   of  peace  it  was  reflorcd. 

Sncrijicis  //land,  on  the  W  coaft  6f  N. 
Mex'cp,  is  about  3  miles  W  of  Watering 
IflanJ,  and  la  miles  from  Coiula  river. 

Saddle  Biick,  an  Idand  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
N  lat.  67  7,  W  Ion.  68  13.  It  lies  nearly 
due  W  of  Terra  Nieva. 

Saddle  River,  a  village  in  Bf  rgcn  co.  N. 
Jerfey. 

Sadjbury,  a  townfliip  in  Cheftcr  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  9<io  inhabitant?. 

Sagadahock,  a  great  part  of  the  DiftriA 
of  Maine  was  formerly  fo  called.  lii  the 
grant  by  king  Charles  II.  to  his  brother 
uic  Duke  of  York,  this  teriitory  was  for- 
merly defcribcd  in  the  following  manner. 
«'  All  that  part  of  the  main  land  of  N. 
England,  beginning  at  a  c^  tain  place 
called  Sc.  Crdix,  adjoining  to  New  Scot- 
land in  America,  and  from  thence  ex- 
tending along  the  fca  ccaft  to  a  certain 
place  called  Pimaquin ,  or  Pcmaquid,  and 
f  o  up  the  river  thereof  to  its  furtheft  head 
as  it  extends  to  the  northward,  and  ex- 
tending from  thence  to  the  river  Qutne- 
bec,  and  fo  up  by  the  (horteft  courle  to 
the  river  of  Canada  northward."  This 
tradb  was  called  the  Duke  of  York's 
Property,  and  was  annexed  to  the  govern- 
ment of  N.  York.  At  the  revolution,  in 
1688,  it  reverted  to  the  crown. 

Sagamond,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.  Territo- 
ry, which  has  a  S  E  courfe,  and  enters 
Illinois  river,  30  miles  below  Demi  Quian 
river,  and  135  from  the  Mif&lippi.  It  is 
100  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  is  navi- 
gable for  ftnall  boats  or  canoes  upwards 
of  180  Iniles, 

Sagatuck  Rher,i.  fmall  river  of  Connec- 
ticut, which  vifcs  in  Ridgeficld,  in  Fair- 
field CO.  pafles  through  Reading  and  'Wef- 
ton,  and  running  fouthward,  feparati.i 
fairficld  irom  Norwalk,  and  empties  iuto 


SAt 

a  harbour  of  its  own  name  in  Long  Ii'lsnd 
Sound. 

Siiganamim,  or  Sagana  J!,iy,  in  the  .S  W 
part  of  Lake  Huron,  is  about  80  miles 
in  length,  and  18  or  ao  miles  broad.  A- 
round  it  live  the  Chippeway  Indians. 

Siigcndago,  a  head  branch  of  Hudfon's 
river.  Its  mouth  is  about  }0  milts  Wof 
Fort  Anne. 

5i7|;;|T  Harhour,Vi  poft  town  and  port  of 
entry  in  N.  York,  Suffolk  co.  at  the  E 
end  of  Long  Idand.  It  has  an  cxcellcn!! 
harbour,  and  is  finely  lituated  for  trade 
and  navigation.  Before  the'revolutionary 
war  the  town  was  thinly  inhabited.  Thole 
who  remained  here  during  the  war,  fuf- 
ftrcd  greatly  by  the  ravages  of  the  enemy. 
But  fincc  the  peace  of  1783,  the  popula- 
tion andbufmcfsof  the  place  have  great- 
ly incrcafed.  It  contained  in  1797,  near- 
ly 100  dwelling houfcs, and  150  families; 
and  a.  houfc  of  worlhip  for  Congrega- 
tionalifts  or  Prtlbyterians,  The  whale 
fifhery  from  this  harbour  produced  loco 
barrels  of  oil  annually.  Its  exports  in 
1794  amounted  to  the  value  of  6763  dol- 
lars. It  is  12  miles  N  W  of  Southamp- 
tpn,  and  107  E  of  N.  York, 

Saginaga  Lake,  in  U.  Canada,  is  14  miles 
long  ftom  £  to  W,  and  lefs  t^ai^  3  miles 
wide. 

Saguana,  a  bay  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  on  the  coad  of  Florida, 
having  numerous  ifles  on  both  fides. 

Sagiienai,  or  Sagueny,  a  large  river  of 
Canada  which  rifes  from  Lake  St.  John, 
and  after  purfuing  an  eaftcFly  courfe 
above  too  piiics,  empties  through  the  W 
bank  of  the  river  St,  Lawrence,  at  the 
town  and  harbour  of  Tadoflac.  It  is 
about  f  of  a  mile  wide  at  its  mouth,  and 
is  from  80  to  9P  fathonis  deep,  but  higher 
up  it  is  wider  ;  and  the  narrownei's  of 
the  channel  greatly  increafe*  its  rapidity, 
though  it  is  navigable  for  the  largefl  vef- 
fcls  %s  leagues  from  its  ^outh.  The  har- 
bour, called  Poft  Tadouflac,  affords  con- 
venient anchorage  for  25  fail  of  fliips  of 
war^  and  is  well  fecurcd  from  all  winds 
and  ftorms.  It  is  deep,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  furrounded  at  a  diftance  with  very 
high  rocks,  except  at  the  entrance.  A 
fmall  ftreara  empties  into  it,  fuiiicient  to 
water  a  fleet.  The  country  in  the  vicin- 
ity abounds  with  marble. 

Stiguenay  River,  Little,  a.  river  of  Labra- 
dor, which  runs  fouthward,  and  cmptie* 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  fliort  way  E  of 
the  Seven  Ifles,  and  W  of  Bafon  river.  N 
lat.  JO  18,  W  Ion.  Cj. 


SAL 


SAL 


;  lihnd 

c  S  W 
o  miles 
wl.  A- 
aii». 

(.»  Wof 

port  of 
the  K 
:xceUcn« 
jr  trade 
utionary 
1.  Tholi 
var,  fuf- 
e  enemy. 
:  popiila- 
ve  greal- 
97,  near- 
families; 
:ongrega- 
hc  whale 
iced  loco 
exports  in 
6763  dol- 
outhamp- 

is  i4milei 
m  3  miles 

•ncr  of  the 
af  Florida, 
fides. 

river  of 
e  St.  John, 
Fit  coitrfe 
gh  theW 
ice,  at  the 
Tac.     It  >« 
iouth,  and 
but  higher 
ownels  of 
.  rapidity, 
largeft  vef- 
The  har- 
fTords  con- 
if  fliips  of 
I  all  winds 
•ular  form, 
with  very 
;rancc.    A 
[ufficient  to 
the  vicin- 

ofLabra- 
id  emptit* 

way  K  pf 
I  river.    N 

Sa.l'H 


!!.iu'!it^  Ccve,  on  the  S  fule  of  t!ie  ifland 
of  Newfoundland,  in  the  great  l>ay  whci  c- 
in  is  litiiatcd  the  bay  of  'I'repafli.  It  it  6 
miles  Nof  Cape  Pine. 

Sail  Rock.  Sec  Ambrop,  St. 
St,  Ann,  Cii/ie,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  riv» 
er  St.  Lawrence,  near  its  mouth,  and  on 
the  Ncoafl  of  the  diftriA  of  Oafpee,  in 
L.  Canada.  N  lat.  48  29,  W  Ion.  63  43. 
St,  Anne's,  a  fcttlement  on  the  £  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  I.  which  has  a  harbour. 

St.  Anne't  IJlands,  3  idands  fttuated  in 
the  bay  of  St.  Louii  de  Maraguan,  on  the 
coad  of  Brazil,  S.  America. 

St.  Carlos,  illes  on  the  N.  W.  coafl  of 
America.  The  largeft  of  this  group  is 
about  a  leagues  in  circumference.  Small- 
er ifles  lie  between  this  and  the  main. 
Lat.  54  48  N,  Ion.  136  13  W. 

St.  Clement,  a  volcano  of  S.  America, 
Lit.  46  S. 

St,  George,  a  town  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
taken  from  the  W  part  of  Cufliing,  in- 
corporated i8c3,on  the  £of  St.  Gcprg(:'9 
river. 
Saints,  2  i Hands  near  Guadaloupc. 
Sal,  Rio  Lagra  de,  or  River  of  the  Salt 
take,  on  tlie  coaQ  of  Brazil. 

Salt  Bay,  or  Buia  Saluda,  30  miles  N  of 
Cape  Tontoral  on  the  coafl  of  Chili.  It 
has  a  good  fliip  road  which  is  much  re- 
forted  to  by  coafting  vefllls,  for  fait  as 
well  as  other  produce.  Frefli  water  may 
be  had  near  the  road. 

Salada,  an  ifland  in  the  W.  Indies,  wjiofe 
N  £  poii:it  is  in  lat.  10  59  N,  Ion.  64 
la  W. 

Salada,  or  Salt  River,  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  is  within  the  harbour  of  Pinas. 

Salagua  Port,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mex- 
ico, is  near  the  rough  head  land  called 
Fan  Tiago,  and  8  leagues  from  the  Valley 
of  Colima.  Here  are  a  good  harbours, 
called  Las  Culletas,  or  the  Creeks,  where 
many  (hips  may  ride.  That  to  the  N  W 
is  very  fafe,  and  land  locked  Hgainft  all 
winds,  though  fmaller  than  i\\t  other. 
Between  Salugua  and  the  White  Rock 
(which  joins  the  head  land)  is  the  port 
of  St.  Tioga. 

Salamanca  de  Bacalar,  a  fmall  but  flour- 
ifhing  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  F.  flde  of 
the  ifthmus  which  joins  the  peninfula  of 
Yucatan  to  the  continent.  It  contains 
about  119  houfcs,  with  a  bad  fort  and  a 
fmall  garrifon  to  prevent  contraband 
trade.    N  lat.  17  a,  \V  Ion.  90  30. 

Salamanie  Riviere,  a  river  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  which  empties  into  the  Wa- 
hafli  from  the  N  N  E,  14  miles  below  the 
river  Ecor  a  Amelicns,  and  265  miles 


above  Tdfl  ^u  Vincent.  It  rifts  by  two 
branche«,  wliich  unite  about  35  miles 
from  its  moutli,  «  hich  lies  in  lat.  41  3  30 
N,  and  Ion.  SC)  25  \\\ 

S.if.'/Tt,  a  Moravi.in  fcttlcment  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  on  Miil'kin);um  river.  It 
was  forfaken  in  1782,  -nd  plundered  by 
the  Indians,  who  were  allies  of  the  Brit* 
ifli  army. 

Salem,  a  Moravian  fcltlement  on  the  N 
E  branch  of  Munongahtla  river  ;  a  m'lU.t 
from  Gnadentiuttcn,  on  the  oppoftte  iidc 
of  the  river,  and  78  miles  W  from  Pi«tf» 
burg.  Congrefs  granted  4C00  acres  o^ 
land  to  the  United  Brethren,  or  Moravi* 
ans,  Sept.  3,  1788,  for  the  purpofo  of 
propagating  the  Chriftian  religion  amoujj 
the  heathen. 

Salem,  New,  a  Moravian  fettlement  of 
Chriftian  Indians,  on  Huron  river,  and 
near  Pettquoiting,  on  the  S  fide  of  Lake 
Eric.  The  plantations  arc  on  the  VV 
bank  of  the  river,  and  the  dwelling  houfc  s 
on  the  ¥.  fide,  which  is  high  land.  In 
June,  1786,  thtir  new  chapel  xvas  confc- 
crated.  , 

Salem,  a  county  of  N.  Jcrfey,  bounded 
E  by  Cumberland,  W  by  Delaware  river. 
It  is  divided  into  9  townfliips  ;  thole  ot% 
Delawarp  river  are  generally  excellent  for 

fiaflurc,  and  have  large  dairies.  Tiie 
ar<d  affords,  beHde,  fine  banked  mead- 
ows, which  produce  flax,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  other  grain  ;  but  the  people 
are  fubjeA  to  intermittent  fevers.  Here 
the  Friends  have  4  meeting  houfci,  the 
Frcfbyterians  4,  the  Epifcopalians  2,  the 
Anabap^ids  3,  and  the  German  Luther- 
ans one,  It  contains  11,371  inhabitants, 
of  whom  8j  are  in  flavery,  Alloway 
Creek,  in  this  county,  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware,  is  navigable  16  miles  for 
fliallops,  with  feveral  obftrudions  of 
draw  bridges, 

Salert,  a  port  town  of  N.  Jcrfey,  and 
capital  of  Salem  co.  on  a  branch  of  Salem 
Creek,  about  3^  miles  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  Delaware  bay.  It  contains  a 
meeting  houfe  for  Baptifls,  one  for  (fa- 
kers, and  one  for  Methodifls  ;  a  court 
houfc,  gaol,  and  about  100  houfcs,  moft 
of  them  built  with  brick,  and  many  of 
them  elegant.  I'here  is  a  wooden  bridge 
over  the  creek,  and  fo  far  veflcls  of  40 
or  50  tons  burden  can  go  up.  It  is  ao 
miles  N  Wof  Bridgetown,  11  S  by  W  of 
Woodflown,  and  37  S  W  by  S  of  Piiila- 
delphia. 

Sale/ft,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Orleans 
CO.  at  the  S  end  of  Lake  Mcmphrema- 
gog,  hat  16  inhabitants. 

St/e», 


■t    I,   1;  ■ 


SAL 


S  At 


Haltm,  Ni'.v,  a  towndiip in  Rockin^liam 
to.  N.  H;impfl>irc',  ii»  the  S  W  corntr  of 
the  coiiniy,  Hcljoinin^Pbdow,  and  divid- 
rd  from  Mctliiicii  by  llic  Maflachuletts 
line.  It  was  iiiC()r|>()rorcd  iit  1750,  and 
contains  IC77  inhabitants. 

•S'j/iw,  a  port  of  entry  and  port  town  of 
MaflVchiifcit),  and  tlic  ca^iital  tif  EIIlx 
CO.  4  miles  N  W  of  Mtrlilehcad,  and  19 
N  l)y  E  of  Uodon.  It  is  thciccond  town 
for  (izc  in  llic  ComnuinwfrUth,  cotitinn- 
ing  980  houfcs,  and  7457  inliijbitants, 
and, except  l»lymoi;th,th'.«>ldeft,  wan  fet- 
tled in  i6i8,  by  Covcrnor  Endicot,  ai\d 
was  called  bv  th»:  Indians,  Nnumteng. 
Here  arc  a  foc'u  ty  or"  (fakers,  an  Epifco- 
pal  chnrcli,  and  5  Cun^jregational  locie- 
tics.  TIic  town  is  iltuated  cm  a  peninfu- 
]a,  formed  by  two  fnull  inlets  of  the  fca, 
called  North  and  South  rivers.  The  for- 
mer of  ihefcpaflcs  into  Qcvcrly  harbour, 
and  has  a  draw  bridge  acrofk  it,  built  ma- 
ny years  ago  at  private  cxpcnfc.  At  this 
place  loinc  part  of  tlic  (liipping  of  the 
town  is  fitted  lut  ;  but  the  principal  hni- 
bour  and  place  for  bulincfs  is  on  tlie 
vther  fide  of  tlie  town,  at  .South  riv.er,  if 
that  may  properly  be  called  a  river  which 
depends  on  the  flowing  of  the  fca  for  the 
water  it  contains.  So' flioal  is  this  har- 
bour, that  veflcis  which  draw  more  than 
10  or  12  feet  of  water,  nxud  be  laden  and 
unladen  at  a  diAancc  from  the  wharves 
by  the  aiTiftancc  of  lighters  Notwith- 
Aanding  this  inconvenience,  more  navi- 
gation is  owned,  and  more  trade  carried 
«n  in  Salem,  than  in  any  port  in  the 
Commonwealth,  Bofton  excepted.  Tiie 
inhabitants  arc  richer  than  in  any  town 
in  the  U.  S.  The  fiftiery,  the  trade  to 
the  W.  Indies,  to  Europe,  to  tlic  coad  of 
Africa,  to  the  E.  Indies,  and  the  freighting 
bufineis  from  the  foutliern  States,  are  here 
ail  purfued  with  energy  and  fpirit.  A 
bank  was  cftabliflied  and  incorporated 
here  in  179a,  and  another  in  1803. 
The  entcrprife  of  the  merchants  of  this 
place  is  equalled  by  nothing  but  their 
indefatigable  induflry  and  economy. 
This  latter  virtue  forms  a  diflinguifliing 
feature  in  the  charaiSler  of  the  people 
of  this  town.  Some  perfons  of  rank, 
in  former  times,  having  carried  it  to  an 
Unbecoming  length,  gave  a  charadlcr  to 
the  people  in  general,  of  a  difgraceful 
parfimony.  But  whether  this  reproach 
was  evit  juftiy  applied  in  fo  extenfive  a 
meafurc  or  not,  nothing  can  be  more  in- 
jurious than  to  continue  it  at  the  prefcnt 
time  ;  for  it  may  juflly  be  faid  of  the  in- 


habitants  of  Salem  at  this  day,  that,  wJtli 
a  Lutdablc  attention  to  the  acquifition  uf 
property,  they  exhibit  a  public  fpirit  and 
hofpitality,  alike  honourable  to  thcm- 
filvcs  and  their  country.  A  general 
plaiiinufs  and  neatnefs  in  drefs,  buildings 
and  c(]tiip:t^e,and  a  certain  (lillncfs  and 
gravity  of  manner,  perhaps  in  fome  <lc- 
gtte  peculiar  to  cominircial  people,  dil- 
tinguifli  thini  from  the  citi/ins  of  ihr 
mctropolin,  It  is  indeed  to  bt  wiflicd 
that  the  fdbtr  industry  here  fo  univerfal- 
ly  praAifed,  may  betuinc  more  cxttnfive 
thrcugh  the  Union,  and  form  the  na- 
tional charatfler  of  Federal  Americans. 
A  court  houfe,  built  in  1786,  at  the  joint 
expcnfe  of  die  county  and  town,  forms  a 
principal  ornament,  and  is  executed  in  a 
ilylc  of  architcif\urc  that  would  add  to 
the  elegance  of  any  city  in  the  Union. 
The  fupreme  judicial  court  holds  a  term 
here  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  Kov.  the 
courts  of  coinTiion  pleas  and  fcfTions,  the 
fecond  Tuefday  of  March  and  Sept 
A  manufaiTlory  of  duck  and  failcloth  was 
bitcly  inftituted  here,  and  is  profetnttd 
wiUi  much  fpirit.  The  melancholy  dclu- 
fion  of  169a,  rcfpetfling  witchcraft,  origi- 
nated in  t^iis  town,  in  the  family  of  the 
Rev.  Mx.  Paris,  the  then  miniAcr,  and 
here  was  the  principal  theatre  of  'he 
bloody  bufinefs.  At  the  upper  end  of  the 
town,  at  a  place  called,  from  the  numher 
of  executions  which  took  place  there, 
Gallows  Hill,  the  graves  of  the  unhappy 
fufTerers  may  yet  be  traced.  Though  tin; 
unfortunate  and  difgraceful  buQncfs  was 
chiefly  tranfadled  here,  it  is  well  known 
that  the  leading  people,  both  of  church 
and  (late,  in  the  colony,  took  an  atSlivc 
part  in  it.  Unjud  therefore  and  highly 
abfurd  it  is  to  fix  a  peculiar  odium  on 
the  town  of  Salem  for  what  was  the  gene- 
ral weaknefs  or  crime  of  the  country. 
The  town  of  Salem  is  conne«fted  with 
Beverly  by  F.flex  bridge,  upwards  of  1500 
feet  in  length,  ere<5lcd  in  1789.  It  is  high 
water  here,  at  full  and  change,  30  minutes 
after  11  o'clock.  The  works  for  the  de- 
funce  of  the  harbour  confifl  of  a  fort  and 
citadel.    N  lat.  44  30,  W  Ion.  70  50. 

3aUm,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Chefter  co.  N. 
York,  bounded  £ '  and  S  by  the  (late  of 
Connc(5Vicut,  and  W  by  Poundridgc  and 
Bedford  townfliips  and  Croton  river.  It 
contains  1696  inhabitants. 

SaLm,  the  CO.  and  port  town  of  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  N.  York, bounded  W  byArgylc 
It  contains  2861  inhabitants. 

SaUm,  the  name  of  two  townfliips  of 
Pcunlylvania. 


SAL 


SAL 


It  ion  of 
irit  and 
1   them- 
gcncral 
uilUings 
iitfs  ami 
jiTic  lie- 
ipic,  dil- 
I  of  ihr 
.  wiflifd 
nivcrfal- 
.xitnfivc 
the  na- 
nericans. 
the  joint 
1,  forms  a 
uttd  in  a 
d  add  to 
e  Union. 
Is  a  term 
Nov.   the 
fTioiis,  the 
,nd    Sept. 
Iclotli  was 
)rofc(utid 
holy  delu- 
raft,  origi- 
ily  of  the 
lifter,  and 
;re    of  ^he 
end  of  the 
ic  number 
see    there, 
,  unhappy 
hough  this 
Tintls  was 
'ell  known 
of  church 
an   adivc 
ind  highly 
odium  on 

the  gene- 
country, 
jded  with 

ds  of  1500 
It  i»  high 

30  minutes 

for  the  dc- 

a  fort  and 

o  50. 

fter  CO.  N. 
flate  of 

Iridgc  and 
river.    It 

of  WaHi- 
|by  Argyll'. 

(rnfliipsol' 
lnlylvaBi;i; 


•cnnfvlvania,  the  one  fn  I.uzcrne  co.  the 
•thiT  in  that  of  Wcftmorcland. 

Sjlem,  a  port  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
Stokos  CO.  on  the  W  fide  of  Wack  Crct-k, 
which  with  other  llrcamn  form*  the  (Jar- 
galis, and  cmpticR  into  Yadkin  river.  It 
contains  above  100  houfes,  regularly  built, 
and  chiefly  occupied  by  tradel'min.  A 
pitper  mill  has  been  crcAed  iicre  by  the 
Moravians  which  i»  very  uftful.  The 
Moravians  furmedthis  fcttkment  in  1766. 
It  is  16  miles  S  E  of  Ararat  or  Pilot 
moimlain,  35  N  E  liy  N  of  S,ilin)ury,  and 
531  S  W  by  W  of  IMiiJadclphia. 

S.ilem,  the  chief  town  of  Surry  co.  in 
.SaiifLury  diftritlt,  N  Carolina. 

Scilcm,  a  CO.  in  S.  Carolina,  in  Sumpter 
dIftricSV,  h.iving3i86-  white  inhabitants, 
jud  138J  (laves. 

SalforJ,  Upper  and  Lorvtr,  two  town- 
flnps  in  Montgomery  coi  Pcnnfylvania. 

SJgaJo,  a  river  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, 13  leagues  N  E  of  Rio  Lagoa  dc  Sal, 
or  Salt  Lnkc  river.  It  is  navigable  only 
for  fmall  boats,  but  the  harbour  is  very 
gi  ^d, lying  behind  the  fands. 

c  lUna,  a  village  at  the  S  K  end  of  Onon- 
dago  Lake,  in  N.  York,  in  the  co.  of  O- 
Hondago.  Here  on  lands  rclervcd  by 
the  ftatc,  are  Salt  fprings,  whofe  waters 
cover  feveral  acres  of  ground.  The  wa- 
fer is  faid  be  to  lotimcs  fulierthan  that  of 
thefea.  The  fait  is  made  by  fimply  boiling 
the  water  till  the  frefli  particles  are  evapo- 
rated. The  country  for  a  great  dift-ince 
around,  is  fupplicd  with  fait  from  this 
fpring.  Its  local  fituation  is  unpleafant. 
See  Onondaga  Late.  Grerv. 

Salinas,  on  the  W  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  lies  N  of  Panuco  river,  and  near- 
ly under  the  tropic  of  Cancer.    W  Ion. 

99  30. 

Salinas,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Fir- 
flia,  lies  oppofite  the  N  W  point  of  tire 
idand  of  Trinidad,  which  forms  the  paf- 
fage  called  the  Gulf  of  Paria  ;  30  leagues 
S  or  S  by  W  from  Cape  Tres  Puntas,  or 
Three  Points. 

Salinas  Gulf,  on  the  W  coaft  of  Mexico, 
N  W  of  the  iiland  of  Cano,  which  is  in 
lat.  8  40  N. 

Salinas,  Great,  or  5a//  Bay,  On  the  COaft 
•f  Brazil,  is  S  E  of  Cape  Cors.  The  en- 
trance into  the  harbc  r  is  in  lat.  3  40  S, 
and  N  £  from  its  mouth,  lie  Salinas  Shoals, 
or  Baxos  dc  Salina.  It  is  a  noted  har- 
fcour  for  fliips  coming  to  load  fait. 

Salinas,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
ketween  Partridge  Strand,  and  Guaco, 
which  affurdr  n9thin£  but  ihclter. 


SuHnat,  n  point  on  the  S  coaft  of  th* 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  has  to  the  N  N  W 
the  Celebrated  b.ty  ut  Ocoh,  which  laft  i» 
18  ItHjiues  \V  S  VV  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. 

HiJinas  Shoals,  duc  N  from  the  fliore  of 
the  N  coHft  of  Brazil  l^  miles,  but  are 
joined  to  it  by  a  reef  of  fand  i  a  miles  in 
length, and  about  half  a  mile  in  breadth  ; 
and  on  which  no  large  fliips  muft  venture. 
They  lie  olFthe  harbour  of  Salinns  ;  and 
ought  to  be  attended  to  by  lliips  that 
come  out  to  the  N  E  from  tiiat   harbour. 

Saline,  a  hamlet,  commonly  called  Tl't 
Saline,  in  Louiiiana,  fitualed  on  tiie  W 
bank  of  the  river  Mitliiippi,  at  tlienunitli 
of  a  crcik,  4  miles  below  St.  Genevieve. 
Here  all  the  fait  \a  made  which  is  ufcd  in 
the  Illinois  country,  from  a  fait  fpring 
which  is  iU  this  place.  It  is  near  <j  milcii 
S  W  by  S  from  Kalkaflcias  village. 

Sjlines,  a  bay  near  the  S  E  point  of  the 
iflaKd  of  Martiiiico,  and  wcftward  of  the 
point  fo  called. 

Silifhury,  a  fertile  diftrit^  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, which  comprehends  the  counties  of 
Rockingham,  Guilford,  Montg(»mery, 
Stokes,  .Surry,  Iredell,  Rowan,  Cabarrai, 
and  Mecklenburg'.  It  is  bounded  N  by 
the  ftate  of  Virginia,  and  S  by  the  ftatc 
of  S.  Carolina'.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  fev- 
eral parts,  and  works  have  been  erccfltd', 
which  manufailure  pig,  bar  iron,  &c.  tn 
confiderable  amount  ;  tobacco  of  gDOit 
quality  is  cultivated  here, and  the  planicis 
arc  wealthy.  It  contains  90,376  inhabit- 
ants,of  whom  13,389  are  Haves. 

Sali/iury,  the  capital  of  the  above  dll- 
tridl,  and  a  poft  town,  is  fituated  in  Row- 
an CO.  on  the  N  W  fide  of  Cane  Creek, 
about  5  miles  from  its  junClion  with 
Yadkin  river.  It  contains  a  court  hoiift , 
gaol,  and  about  70  houfes.  It  is  a  flour- 
illiing  place,  in  the  midft  of  a  fine  coun- 
try, and  lies  about  2<;  miles  S  of  the  Mo- 
ravian fettknients,  2H  W  S  W  of  Hali- 
fax, 97  W  S  \V  of  Hillfborough,  120  VV" 
of  l-ayetteville,  and  4168  WofWafli- 
ington.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  tin"* 
place,  a  fiibterraneous  Wall,  a  great  nat- 
ural curiolity,  has  lately  been  difcovcred. 
See  If^all,  Subterraneous,  N  lat.  35  47,  W 
Ion.  80  17. 

Salijhury,  »  townfhip  in  EfTcx  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts ;  is  divided  into  two  parillies. 
The  moft  ancient  fettlemcnt  in  this  tow^ir, 
13  in  the  lower  pariili,  at  which  place  the 
general  court  of  the  former  province  of 
MaiTachufetts  Bay  was  fi)inetimcs  held. 
The  part  of  the  town  at  prefent  nofb 

flourifliii'S 


m 

l-f 

ill 


•I 


IS 


SAL 


AL 


flouitilniii;>  i«  A  point  of  laud  furhicd  Ity 
ihe  \unAiin\  of  Mdrrinv.tclc  and  Puwuw 
fivers.  Here  ii  i  vill.tge  very  pluafantly 
fttuutcd  on  the  bank  of  the  Mcrrimick, 
where,  before  the  revolution  war,  fltip- 
buildinj;  wiu  carried  iiu  to  a  confidcrahlc 
extent,  which,  thoui^  now  much  decrcaf- 
cd.ii  (iill  not  wholly  laid  afide  ;  and  thi.i, 
with  iti  auxiliary  trades  uid  fome  little 
navigation,  owned  and  (ittcd  here,  give 
the  place  a  very  lively  and  bufy  unpear- 
ance.  The  continental  frigate  /////',;««, 
was  built  at  thi^i  place,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Hacket,  a  very  refpcdtablc 
n-ival  architedt.  It  it  4  miles  northerly 
«if  Ncwliuryport,  and  46  N  E  of  BoDon. 
It  Will  incorporated  in  1640,  and  contains 
1 8  ;,f  inhabitants.     See  Poivoiv  River. 

Stili/iitry,  a  port  town  of  Vermont,  on 
Otter  Creek,  in  Addifon  eo.  Trout  Voad, 
tit  Lnke  Dun  more,  5  miles  lung  and  % 
hrond.is  in  thix  town,  tt  contains  644  in- 
habitants, and  11 15  utiles  L  by  N  of  Muunt 
Independence. 

Sali/biry,  a  confidcradlc  a0"ifultt>ral 
towuihip  in  Hillfborough  co.  N.  Hamp- 
iliirc.  It  ii*  dtuatcd  oil  the  W  Tide  of  Mer- 
rimuck  r'ivcr,  at  the  mouth  of  Blackurater 
river,  and  oppofite  to  Canterbury  ;  10 
or  14  miles  N  of  Concord  It  was  incor- 
porated in  176S,  and  contains  1767  inhab- 
itants. 

Snltjtury,n  pod  town,  the  IVlaf lac  oi  the 
tndians,is(hc  northwcrternmon  townfliip 
of  Conncdlicut,  Litchfield  co.  having  Maf- 
fachufetts  N,  and  N.  York  \V.  It  has  2266 
inhabitants.  Here  are  feveral  forges  and 
iron  works  and  a  paper  mill.  During  the 
late  war  feveral  pieces  of  cannon  were 
cad  in  this  town. 

Salijiury,  a  town  of  Delaware,  Newcaf- 
tle  CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Du^^k  Creek,  on 
the  S  line  of  the  county;  g{  miles  S  E 
of  Noxtown«  and  12  N  W  of  Dover. 

Salijhiiry,  the  name  of  two  townfliips  in 
Pennfylvania,  in  Lancafter  and  North- 
ampton counties. 

Sali/iury,  a  pod  town  of  Maryland, 
Somerfet  ca  between  the  two  principal 
branches  of  Wicomico  river.  It  contains 
about  45  houfc»  and  an  Epifcopal  church, 
and  carries  on  a  confiderable  lumber  trade. 
It  is  (  miles  S  of  the  Delaware  State  line, 
20  N  W  of  Snow  Hill,  ij  S  W  of  Vienna, 
a  port  of  entry,  and  163  S  by  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Sdlifbiry,  a  fmall  poll  town  of  Virginia, 
^(\  miles  from  Alexandria,  and  20  from 
Jjjilburg. 
HtHJiiiry,  an  i.lan  J  at  the  W  end  of  Hud- 


ion'a  ^tr.iit>,  1'  uf  N'iittlii|>liuni  IlUial.  U 
lat.  6.;  2<j,  W  Ion.  76  4  7. 

Huli/h-iry  Pun!,  foniii  thf  Nliile  ol'tlie 
moutii  of  Miirimmk  rivi-r,  or  Ncwburv 
h:\rboijr,  in  Maflatliufctti.  N  Idt.  42  41;, 
W  Ion.  70  54. 

S.if/'ttjuit,  a  liarlxiiir  on  tl:o  W  ccuft  of 
N  Mexl  "o,  will.  Ii  allords  goud  anclio.njjc. 

N  lat.   t8  .U-      '"^to  SciLririi.t. 

Salmon  Cnvf,  iiliiiiil!  Ilrcani  which  rili'i 
near  a  brancii  of  riHi  Creek,  and  cnurs 
Oneida  Lake. 

S.ilmon  Creci,  Bit;,  IT.  Can.ida,  runs  into 
Lake  Ontario,  between  the  townlliips  of 
Cramiihi  and  Haldimaud. 

SalmontFull,  the  name  of  Plfcataqu-i  riv- 
er from  its  head  to  thd  Lower  ralji  at 
Berwick.    See  Plfcatuquu  Rivtr. 

Salman  Fulls,  in  Saco  river,  on  the  line 
between  Maine  and  N.  Hampfliirc,  10 
miles  above  Saco  Falls.  I'he  number  of 
faw  mills  on  the  river  has  neither  dcdroy- 
cd  nor  leflcned  the  quantity  of  Salmon  in 
it.  I'he  mill  dams  do  not  extend  acrofi 
the  river,  and  there  ii  a  curiofity  in  fccinj; 
the  exertion  of  thcfe  fidi  in  making  their 
way  up  the  falls;  when  the  fun  fliinci 
dear  in  the  morning,  they  are  frequently 
feen  engaged  in  this  enterprife,  moving; 
from  one  rock  to  another,  and  reding  on 
each,  in  fpitc  of  the  catarat^  which  op- 
pofcs  their  progrefs,  until  they  have  gain- 
ed the  dill  waters  above. 

Salmon  Rivei;  a  confiderable  dream 
^vhich  running  N,  lofcs  its  waters  in  Lake 
Ontario.  It  is  navigable  2  miles,  has  abun- 
dance of  fidi,  and  15  miles  from  its  mouth 
has  a  perpendicular  full  of  106  feet. 

Salmon  Paint,  on  the  ead  coad  of  the  i(l- 
and  of  Newfoundland,  and  N  F.  of  Claunc 
Point,  which  is  the  north  entrance  into 
Conception  Bay. 

Saltjleet  Tuxunfolp,  in  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Cdnada,  lies  W  of  Griulby,  and 
fronts  Lake  Ontario. 

Sdt  IJland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
Ides,  and  \V  of  Cooper's  Illand.  N  lat.  11 
30,  W  Ion.  713. 

Salt  IJland,  on  the  S  coad  of  the  ifland  of 
Jamaica,  ofFOld  Harbour,  and  N  N  E  of 
Portland  Point. 

Salt  Kay,  a  fmall  ifland  in  tl^e  W.  Indies. 
N  lat.  21  30,  W  Ion.  71  3. 

Salt  Pond  Bay,  on  the  S  coad  of  the  Ifl* 
and  of  Jamaica,  eadward  of  Port  Royal 

Salt  Late,  N.  York.    See  OnonJago  L. 

Salt  River,  in  Kentucky,  is  formed  by 
three  principal  branches,  and  emptiet 
through  the  S  £  bank  of  the  Oliio,  by  a 
mouth  80  yards,  according  to  others,  ijo 

yards 


V'^riU  wide 
li  i.navi){;il 

''•l»  yi)0(i  1.1 
^^^<y  are  low 
iroin  it«  nil) 
level  and  po 
Metwe*!,  3ali 
two  fpriti^,  ( 
i*ly«fd,  i«  loi 

^  of  Pouii  (;( 

•W*  River, 
fi'parares  the 
iwj  pajts,  a 
oc.Mn  on  |)„ti 
'cagutf*  iu  It;,, 
uawjraiiun  i, 

VllTt'U  itl)yv»; 

^'Ita,  a  tit'V 
of  tllC  W4V  f>!i 

where  im'nieui 
andartfatten( 
Salta,i  towf 
'nee  of  Tucui 
vador.     Jt   coj 
«mnadcrits,a»i 
place  of  ^reat 
"fgequaniities 
'alt,  meat,  tat, 
'iw.  which  ar( 
moll  parti  of  l\ 
66 .30. 

AV/.//,,  a  tow 
'urco.  now  pJv 

iW/  Ui  Taiv 

fource  of  Uig  tc 
"»e  Mahon?,,., 
Cteti.^  ° 

,  Sili  Pdre  Cn: 
''Qd.  falls  into  ( 
*^  '"le;  1 4  miles 
Salt  .Sprint  Riv 
.  •'"•7.  "fes  near  tl 
'«y  Companvs  la 
ward  into  o/ii,,  ri 
"loufl,  of  the  M'a 
H'ecourfe  of  the 
Cave.  It  runs  ah 
""les  from  it«  n„ 

hWh  gives  name 
i  ^'ItfVorh,  i„B, 
If"'-    Since  the  v< 

Jin  large  quantities  I 
r™".  ""Provemei 

f  the.r  prefent  flat- 
Jfcn|,ed,«Thebot 

r/'ey^edonfr. 

^•"^•1.  X 


u 

of  llie 
kvbiiry 

Oilft  of 

[  cniLrt 
nv  into 

,qu-^  rlv- 
riilU  ;it 

the  lino 
liire,  10 
lisnbct  of 
•  Jcftioy- 
ialmoii  1" 
nd  acrof^ 

in  feeiiif; 
king  tlicir 
un  fliinct 
frequently 
e,  moving 

retting  on 
which  op- 
have  gain- 

le     ftream 

;r9  in  Lake 
has  abiin- 
its  mouth 
feet. 

of  the  ill- 
of  Claune 
;ranc'e  into 

Ity  of  l.in- 
liiilby,  ami 

jler  Virgin 
N  lat.  ii 

Heiflandof 

,  N  N  E  of 

W.  Indies. 

of  the  Id' 
W  RoyaL 

formed  by 

d  emptier 

hio,  by  » 

thers,  150 


yav 


d» 


1 

SAL 

y.uiU  wide  ;  ao  uiilci  below  the  Rapid*, 
ii  i  I  navi)>:il)li'  tor  boats  abuiic  60  miles.  It 
li.tD  good  lundit  oil  it«  head  waters,  but 
liny  are  low  and  uuUualthy  ;  for  25  mile* 
troin  it«  mouth,  the  land  on  ca -h  ruk-  it 
level  and  poor,  and  abounds  with  poudn. 
Uvtwesu  ^alt  and  Gi  eun  rivcrh  there  ui  c 
twofpring*  of  bitumen,  Which,  nlua  an- 
alyzed, i»  found  to  lie  ;>niber. 

' ftjlt  Khtr,  on  the  N  thore  of  Jamaica  1. 
S  ot  Point  Ciiiliiia. 

Suit  Mlvcr,  lUe  arm  of  I  he  f..'a  wliich 
ri';>Hratcs  the  iii:iud  of  (ju.>dalouiic,  into 
two  p.irt8,  and  conimwnicircb  with  jic 
ocMu  on  liotli  fides  ol  ihc  illi»»U-  it  in  t\'  o 
Icaguiiii  in  lenj^th  ;  13  pacei  broad.  i  he 
uavigaiion  is  hazardous,  nor  will  it  admit 
vtflel*  above  15  tons. 

S'lta,  i\  to'vii  ot  .S.  Anicrica,  two  thirds 
oftlic  way  frini  Hiieii'is  Ayris  to  I'otoli  t 
where  iiiinitule  nunilier*  of  tattu'  winici^, 
and  art  faileiicd  1)11  their  way  to  I'otod. 

5j//4,a  town  o!  .-1.  America,in  the  prov-» 
inCB  of  'I'ucum^n,  58  miles  ii  of  St.  Sid- 
vador.  It  contains  two  churchis,  four 
uiuna(lerits,aiu't  about  40c  huufcs.  It  is  a 
place  of  }>reat  reiorc  on  account  of  the 
large  quaniities  of  corn,  meal,  wine,  cattle, 
fait,  meat,  fut,  hides  and  other  commodi- 
ties, which  arc  feat  from  tlt»> place  to 
tnurt  parts  of  Peru.  S  lat.  25  »o,  W  lou. 
66  30. 

SiilUifi,  a  townfltip  of  Vermont,  W.nd- 
for  CO.  now  Plymouth,  Which  ice. 

Salt  Li,i  Tmvn,  lies  18  miles  below  the 
fource  of  Utg  Leaver  Crock,  and  :14  above 
the  Mahoning  town.  ^ie*  Hig  Beavir 
Creei. . 

Si//i  PHrt  Cn-l,  in  Baltimore  co.  Mar)-- 
land,  falls  into  (rimpuwder  river  on  the 
W  fide ;  1 4  miles  K  N  K  ot  Baltimore. 

Suit  Spring  River,  in  the  Indiana  'I'erri* 
lory,  rifcs  near  the  E  line  of  the  New  Jer- 
Icy  Company's  lands, and  runsfuuih  call- 
ward  into  Ohio  river,  10  miles  below  t^e 
niuufli  of  the  M'^abafli,  and  nearly  30,  by 
tlic  courfe  of  the  rivor,  above  the  Great 
Cave.  It  runs  above  j6  miles ;  and  10 
I  miles  from  iti>  mouth  is  the  lalt  fpring, 
which  gives  name  to  tlie  rivcr. 

Salt  H^trit,  in  Barult.ible  co.  Mafl'aclui- 
fttts.  Since  the  year  1776,  fait  has.  bjen 
rnade  on  the  coafl  of  this  county,  but  not 
|in  large  quantities  till  wuhin  a  tew  years. 
Threat  improvements  have  been  lately 
padein  the  conftrue\iou  ot  thei'e.  works. 
h  their  prefent  ftatc  they  have  been  thus 
Tiefcribed,"  The  bottom  of  the  vats  is  con- 
^ruAed  of  boards;  and  the  fides  of  pl.uik  . 
[id  they  reft  on  frames,  which  arc  lu[  • 
'Oul.  .  Yyy 


S  .V  L 

ported  by  Im  ill  pi!ei.  Thrfe  vats  are  di- 
vided into  three  or  four  rooms,  the  ficond 
falling  three  or  tour  iuches  below  the 
rn'fl,and  the  third  a>  much  below  the  (ec- 
ond,  ;iud  lo  (III.  A  pipe,  which  runs  uii- 
dt'i  jjrourid,  and  which  communicates  with 
the  le.i,  eonvrys  tlie  lalt  WHttr  into  .i  will 
about  four  teet  deep,  (n  tli-s  well  i»  fixed 
a  piiiii]),  wlii^'li  Is  eoiiiu'OK'd,  bv  moans  of 
a  Ipout,  with  the  linl  v.it,  called  the  wa- 
ter loom,  in  t.'iis  vat,  which  is  loni>er 
th.inanyof  the  others,  nuich  tilth  i;  dc- 
potited.  After  a  pioper  iinie  the  water 
i»  dr.twn  oif  into  tiic  let'ond  vat,  calieil 
the  pickle  r<K)D),  in  which  c.dcareoiii 
matter,  or  lime.,  is  depoliicd.  If  there  aiv 
lour  vuts,  the  ttiird  is  named  the  lime 
room.  In  thl.i  v.a,or  in  thcfeeond,  when 
luere  are  no  more  than  three,  a  ptllide 
of  fall  bejjini  to  j^atlier  on  the  i'urlace  of 
the  watei,liine  ij  plenlil'nlly  dcpoU'rd,  and 
the  piclclu  ii  dr.iwn  olF  into  the  hill  vat, 
called  the  fait  room,  in  whicli  only  the 
eryflaUare  permitted  to  be  lumned  The 
vats  are  nine  or  ten  inches  deep.  In  J;-y 
weather,  during  the  fummer,  with  a  N 
wind,  the  evaporation  is  a  third  ot  .ai  inch 
in  a  day.  'i'ho  fait  produced  releinbles 
Lilbou  lalt,  but  is  purer,  is  flro.ng,  and 
free  from  lime.  'I'he  mean  weij^ht  of  a 
bmliel  of  it  is  eiyhty  pound.'..  Dunn;.;  the 
winter  the  Glauber  fait,  laid  lulipo.an 
excellent  quality,  cryllalizcs.  Nogr;at 
quantity  oi  Jtpl'om  fait  and  initgnelu  Ii.ih 
yet  been  produced.  I'hc  Rev.  jVlr.  Br»t>'^s 
ot  Cliathitiu,  an  iududrious  and  ingenious 
chemill,  has  however  fucceedcd  in  ob- 
taining b,)th  ;  and  though  his  ma^Tinfi.i  ik 
not  pci  feclly  white,  his  Epfom  fait  appears 
to  be  incapable  of  improvement.  The 
m.irinc  fait  is  worth  fevcnty  five  cents  a 
bufliel, and  the  glauber  fait  lajcentsa 
pound.  T.he  value  of  the  Epfom  fait  and 
magnefia  is  notelbmatcd,  as  the  quantity 
wiiich  may  be  obtained  is  unknown  ;  from 
this  data,  and  the  following  table,  the 
great  importance  of  this  new  manufac- 
ture to  tlie  county  of  Barnlkable  will  ap- 
pear. 

A'c.  »/  fVorh.  No.  r>/  Ffit.  * 


}l: 


k'  ' 


In  Huct  arc 

24 

containing 

19,500 

Nobfcudett 

23 

- 

14.300 

Yannouih, 

4 

- 

16,630 

Darn  liable, 

14 

- 

ii."i7 

.Sandwich, 

4 

- 

4701 

Falmouth, 

4 

- 

1900 

Harwich, 

ax 

- 

J  8,600 

*  By  a  'njt  is  ma:iiit  10  fquari;  tVct ;  3C0  facli 
tVci  ii.o.lnec  101  liulhel'i  uVinuriiic  l.Jc,  ;iud4iiill)». 
'^l.'uUi'  l'.iik.  I'Ci- jniuim. 

Chatham. 


SAL 


(Dtiathani, 
Orleans, 
Jlaftham, 
Wellflcet, 

6 
II 
11 

2 

■  4' 

11,500 

3080 

9100 

180 

Truro, 

I 

-• 

700 

Vrovincetov 

m,  lo 

' 

11,404 

ToUl, 

136 

121.313 

SaluJa,  a'  rivtfr  uf  S.  Carolina,  which 
rifct  on  the  borders  of  N.  Carolina,  and, 
taking  a' S '£  coiirfp,  joins  btoad  river  at 
the  towhlTiip  of  Columbiaj  and  forms  the' 
Congaree. 

Salut,  Art,  lies  on  the  S  W  fidt-  of  tlie 
S  peninfula  of  the  tflandofSt.Doniingo ;  a« 
bout  14  leagues  from  Les  Cayes,  as  the 
road  runs,  and  only  7  in'  a  ftraight  line  S 
W  of  that  town.  N  lat.  18  6,  W  ion.  76  ao.' 

Salviidsre,  St.  a  to\vn'in  the  province  of 
Tucumun;  in  S.  America,  and  neat*  tlie 
burditrs  of  Peru.  It  lies  at  the  foot  of  3' 
high  mountain'  which  forms  part  of  thtf 
eaflcrn  chain'  of  the  Andes.  A  little  a- 
.  bovi«  the  town  is  a  conlideralirfe  river,- 
which  afterwards  empties  imtw  the  river 
I. eon.  (t  hiis  about  300  houfes,  and^  is 
ft  ?  leagues  N  of  .St.  Jago  del  Eftero;  ff 
lat.  34  22,  W  Ion.  60  27. 

Salvador,  St.  a  fmuQ  city  of  N.  Mexicoj 
in  the  provhice  of  CrUatimala,  on  a  river 
1 1  milci  from  the  ocean.  It  has  fcw^ 
lioufes,and  Ittle  tnide;  On  the  N  lide' 
of  it,  are  lofty  mountains,  t"iUed  the  Chan-* 
talcii,  inhabited  by  poor  Indians.  In  the 
bottom,  where  the  town  Hands,  ar^  plan- 
tations of  fugar  canei  and  indigo,  with  a 
few  farms  foe  rearing  cattle.  N  lat.  xj  5, 
W  lont  90  3. 

S'ahadbrtf  St.  the  capital  of  Braail,  in  3. 
America,  called  alfo  the  city  of  the  Bay, 
is  within  the'  f[kiciou»  liay  of  All  Saints, 
which  is  full  of  fruitful  ifles.  This  city, 
which  has  a  n'uV'Ie,  fpacious,  and  commo* 
dious  iiarhour,  is  built  on  a  high  and  fteep 
rock,  having  the  lea  upuaonc  tide,  a  lake 
forming  a  crelcent  on  the  other.  The 
ittuatiun  makes  it  in  a  nvimner  impregna- 
ble by  nature,  and  it  has  very  ftrong  for- 
tificationi.  It  is  populous,  miagnificent, 
and  beyond  comparifon,  the  moil  gay  and 
opulent,  in  all  Brazil.  'Vail  quantities  of 
lugar  are  made  in  its  neighbourhood.  S 
lat.  13  15,  W  ion.  37  S5-  iJ^e  All  Saints 
•JBay. 

HalvaJoife  Jt  Bayamo,  St.  a,  town  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  on  a  river  wtilch  runs  in- 
to the  head  of  the  bay  of  Bayamo,  about 
30  miles  N  W  by  W  of  the  town. 

Salvudurt,  St.  or  CuanaiuHif  or  Cut  //I- 
and ;  whiiU  Ice. 


SAM" 

Sahafre,  a  dry  rock  off  Cape  Ann,  ^r; 
the  coafl  of  Mailachufctts.  AVhcn  it 
bears  S  £  2  leagues  diAant,  you  have  (> 
leagues  N  W  to  Newburyport  bar,  and  N 
^  W  II  leagues roPortlmouth.  N  i|ii  8 
leagues  to  Ifle  of  Shoals. 

Salvateon  de  Yguty,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
illand  of  St.  Diomingo,  a8  leagues  E  of  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  famous  for  its 
fugrtr  works  and  luturiant  pafturcs,  in 
which  vaft  number  of  cattle  fedd.  It  U 
alfo  called  Hi^uey,  or  Alta  Gratia ;  which 
fefri 

Hamana,  a  large  bay  at  the  £  end  of  the 
illaudof  St.  Demingo.  It  opens  to  the  N 
Ebetvreen  Cape' SBmiihaj  (which  is  alio 
called  Capfe  Kefoii-'  oi"  Cape  Grondeur)  ua 
the  N  and  Cape  Raphael  S  E  of  the  for- 
mer, 7  liUgues-aparR  lt£  mean  breadth 
is  about  5  leagues^,  and  its  length  10 
leagues.'  Seme  mariners  reckon  Pointe 
d'icaqueior  Icaque  Point,  as  the  foutherii 
point  of  thebay,  %Vhich  comes  after  Ca^ie 
Kapha^l,  andid  onFy  13  leagues  from  tlic 
head  of  the-bny,  and  lies  in  lat.  19  a  N, 
and  loni  71  35  Wp  of  Paris.  This  bay  of- 
fers a  ffife  flialtop'  to  the  ftouteft  fquad- 
rtMiK  ikying  to- the  windward  of  the  il!- 
attd,  it  lias  ehs  advantog«  over  all  the  oth- 
er pface*  as  a  iftiaritiitae  pofl*,  which  ren* 
ders  it  capable  of  proted^ing  the  whole 
gulf  o£  Miixicb,  to  wliich  it  is  in  reality  n 
Key.'  Tbe  entrance  Is  difficultj  and  very 
Marrow  ;  becaufe  from  the  foutheru  lidi 
of  it7  openings  runs  a  breaker,  which  ad- 
tenets  in  a  point  towards  Port  Banidcr, 
and  between  whiclv,  and  the  northern 
coaflf,  nature  has  placed  the  rock  or  11i.il- 
low,  cullcdr  th*  Rebdi.,  I'his  rock  nar- 
rows thesntr.ince,fo  that  between  it  und 
the  land',  forming  the  Niide,  in  ihe  inte- 
rior of  t&e  bay,  there  is  littre  more  th?.i: 
800  fathomsw  Thus  a  battery  on  fliorr, 
and  another  on  the  rock,  the  Ribelt  W()ul<l 
by  their  crofs  fire^  completely  defend  tdc 
entrance  againft  eveo  the  fmallelt  vefil'l>; 
and  a  battery  on  the  other  lide  of  tlir 
Rebeli  would  effeAually  prevent  any  vei- 
fel  from  entering  between  it  and  thr 
breakers.    See  Old  Capt  Francois. 

Samba  Bay,  or  Zamba,  on  the  N  coall  ot 
the  Spapifli  Main,  is  W  of  St.  Martlia' 
river.    '  I 

SjHiballas,  a  rocky  point  remarkabh  | 
long  4nd  low,  on  the  N  flde  of  the  M- 
mus  of  Daricn,  wliich  is  fo  guarded  wil!> 
rocks  and  Ihoals,  that  it  is  very  dangerous 
coming  near  it.  N  lat.  9  40,  W  Ion.  7S 
43. 

&i«i/«//a{,  a  multitude  of  Tmall  iilandi, 
V  ;  »  fcatterfil 


,fcatteced 

the  flioie, 

a  confider 

iliore  of  tl 

the  adjacc 

.of  perpetu 

.J)rolpei5l  ft 

S^hlc  cliai 

andi,  throu 

range  the  c 

between  th 

gal'lefrom 

fords  every 

fandy  grout 

file  iJlands  r 

'Hands  are  i 

with  a  varie 

rfieiififl,  ofi 

afTord  fprinj 

lent  carecnii 

Ijetween  the 

ifthmus  ii  fix 

extending  fn 

gulf  of  Darie 

Jnus.fulloffa 

of  water. 

Samtorofifrl}^ 

coaft  of  Nova 

Bay  and  har 

ioufe  for  the  < 

30  N,  and  Ion 

full  and  chano 

SiiKi^OKooi/ia, 

on  the  NE  fid* 

the  N.  W.  c«.if 

of  Egoofliak  1 

i^andlocked  fro 

fathoms  water. 

fainjon,  &c. 

■^amilitam,^  I 
Mexico,  la  mil 
"nefidc,  and  6 
At  its  mouth    i 
a  fliip's  comp: 
and  frcfli  water 
Samftojvtt,  a  ' 
^-  Jcrfey,  a,i  nv 
a»ovci3S\Vo( 
SampfoH,  a  CO 
<^aro!ina,  bound 
^  uy  Bladen, 
ants,  including 
'">ufc,  where  a 
"iiles  from    Ihy 
^oads  near  Dupl 
^rom  Waflungtoi 

Samputa,  a  towi 
ht. 

Sadalltt  Point, 


1 


SAN 

,featteccd  at  very  unequal  diftanccs  from 
the  flioie,  and  from  each  other,  extending 
a  confiderablc  djflance  along  the  northern 
flioru  of  the  Ilthnnis  of  Darien,  i^nd  with 
the  adjacent  country,  ks  hills  and  foreds 
;of  perpetual  verdure,  form  a  charming 
.prolpedl  from  the  ,fea.  There  arc  navi- 
galtlc  channels  between  mud  of  the  ill- 
ands,  tlirough  which  fliips  may  paf^,  and 
range  the  coad  of  the  idhmus  ;  the  fea 
(between  {hem  and  t^.e  fliore  Ijcing  navi- 
gahle  from  one  end  to  the  other,  and  af- 
fords every  where  good  anchorage  iii  firm 
fandy  ground,  with  goqd  landing  cither  oji 
the  illands  nr  the  main.  Mod:  of  thefc 
iflandsare  low,  flat,  and  fandy,  covered 
with  a  variety  of  trees,  and  aimund  with 
ihell  fifli  of  fevcral  kinds.  Some  of  them 
alTord  fprings  of  frefli  water,  and  conven- 
ient careening  places.  I'^e  long  ciiannel 
between  the  Sambailas  iliands  and  tlie 
ifthmus  h  from  i  to  4  miles  in  breadth, 
cxtendiiig  from  Point  Samballas  to  the 
gnlf  of  Darien  and  the  coaft  of  the  iftlv- 
mus,  full  of  fandy  bays,  witli  n\iny  (Ireai^is 
of  water. 

SumSortmjrl),  Ciifie  and  TJlivJ,  on  tlic  B. 
coaft  of  Nova  .Scotia,  and  W  of.Chebuclo 
Bay  and  harbour,  on  which  is  a  light 
Iiuufe  for  the  diredlion  of  fliips,  iin  lat.  44 
30  N,  and  Ion.  6,^  3 1  W.  High  uattrr,  at 
full  and  change,  at  8  o'clock. 

Siim^imoodbaf  or  Samiiaiiooilba,  a  h  irboiir 
on  the  N  E  fide  of  Oonahiflika  Itland,  on 
;tlie  N.  W,  coaft  of  N.  America,  10  n^ilcs  E 
of  Egoofliak  bay.  Ships  can  lie  here 
,landlocked  from  all  winds  in  7,  6,  and  4 
fathoms  water.  It  abounds  with  halli'but, 
falmon,  &c.  N  lat.  53  55,  W  Ion.  166 
.10  15. 

Samilitam,!i  river  on  the  Wcoaft  of  N. 
Mexico,  iz  miles  from  Point  Artcla  on 
nnefide,  and  6  farther  to  Copalita  river. 
At  its  mouth  is  an  Indian  town,  where 
a  fliip's  company  may  find  provifions 
and  frefl»  water. 

Sampfttvn,  a  village  in  Middlcfex  en. 
N.  Jcrfey,  a,i  miles  N  E  of  (^libbletown, 
above  13  S  VVof  Elv.abtthtown. 

Sampjfon,  a  co.  of  Fayette  diftriifl,  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  by  Johnfon  co.  and 
^by  Bladen.  It  contains  6719  inhabit- 
ants, including  1 71 2  (laves.  The  court 
lioufc,  where  a  pnfl  ofllce  is  kept,  is  36 
miles  from  Fayrtteville,  23  from  Crofs 
Roads  near  Duplin  court,  houfe,  and  387 
from  Wafl»ington. 

Samputa,  a  town  of  Mexico.  See  An^e- 
hi. 

Sathallet  JPoint,  near  the  motith  of  the 


river  Darien,  ?nd  NW  of  the  Idandof 
Pines.      It  is  1  a  miles  E  of  Port  Scrivan. 

Sanficrnt<nt<n,  a  townfln'p  of  N.  llamp- 
niire,Straflbrd  co.on  the  point  of  land  at 
the  contiucnce  of  Winnipifiogee  and  Pc- 
migewafltt  rivers.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1 770,  and  contains  4695  inhabitanls. 
In  this  town  is  tiie  appearance  ol  an  In- 
dian fortrcfs,  conliflinji^of  5  djfliiidt  wulb, 
one  within  the  oth(^r.  Sonic  ^irccs  of 
baked  earrhcn  ware  have  bct'ii  Uiund 
here,  from  wbich  it  is  fuppoird  that  \\\i 
Indians  had  Icariud  the  puttn'r.  ait. 

Sanealy ,Ht,tJ,  the  E  poini  of  Nantucket 
inand,  on  the  coafi  uf  Mallacliuictti).  N 
hit.  41  15,  W  Ion., 69,58. 

Sutii'Jat  h.ihiii,  or  S^irt't  Biy,  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil, \vhcre  the  I.\i;d  lies  duciH 
and  W  for  ao  Itagges.  Mhc  .ciiy  of 
Saints  or  dosSam5lo5  is'TitiLittd  011  an  iri- 
and  called  Amia>:,  <ni  the  AV  tide  "f  the 
entrance  into  the  harbour,  as  alfo  liic 
tovnofJ^t.  VitKLUt.      S   la^  14, AV  Ion. 

.45  IS- 

•Sjiidgifte,  A  .mouniaiiious  townfliip  x)f 
Bennington  county  Vcrniniit,  18  miles  N 
of  Ikniiingtuu.  It  contains  ip^o  inhab- 
itants. 

Sand  Hill  /?./••,  at  the  S  E  end  of  the  iil- 
and  of  St.  Chrillupher's. 

SiinilisjiiU,  a  hilly  townHiip  in  Cerk- 
fliirt  CO.  <n»  tlie  Connt<5Hciit  line  ;  a* 
miles  S  by  K  ot  I.cnox.  h  .was  iucorjio* 
ra^ed-in  1762,  and  contains  1637  inhab- 
itant^. 

Sandotun,  a  lownfliip  in  Rockinpham 
CO.  N.  Hampfhirc,  was  taken  from  Kingf- 
ton,and  incorporated  in  1756  ;  and  con- 
tains 501  inhabitants. 

Samlitjl-y,  a  fort  inthc  ftate  of  Ohio,  on 
the  fi  fide  of  the  bay  of  the  i'amc  n4iiic,  at 
the  S  VV  end  of  lake  Erie. 

S.tndujky  L,>i(,  or  ii.iy,  at  the  S  W  fide 
of  lake  hric,  is  n  gulf  llinped  like  a  <lioe, 
and  entered  from  the  lake  by  a  very  thort 
and  narrow  (Irait.  Its  Irn^.this  17  nnlts, 
its  greatcft  breadth  7  niilcs.  From  the 
N  W  part  of  this  l;ikt ,  tltcie  is  a  portigc 
<if  only  a  mile  and  a  (lunricr  to  I'ortage 
river,  a  fmall  river  w  hirh  tuns  into  I.nkc 
I\rie.  The  fort  Hands  oppolitc  to  the  gut. 
N  lat.  41  51,  W  Ion.  8"!  3  y.a. 

iy.tndujhy  Piver,  a  navigable  water  of  the 
ftate  of  Ohio  wliich  riles  near  a  branch 
of  the  Orcat  Miami,  between  whicii  is  a 
portage  of  9  riilcs.  It  pnrfues  a  N  E 
courfc,  and  empties  into  tlie  K  W  corner 
of  Sapdulky  Lake.  'Vl:c  Indians,  by  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  Angun  3,  1795,  have 
ceded  l^o  the  United  Staters  a  trft<n:  of  land 

6  mile* 


^i4 


f;l 


SAN 


SAN 


6  mile*  fquarc  upon  Sandiillcy  Lake, 
where  a  fort  formerly  flood,  and  two 
rnilr*  fqiiarc  at  the  Lower  Rapids  of  San- 
dulTcy  riviT,  ft  is  a  coofulerahle  river, 
with  level  land  on  its  bank,  its  ftriam 
j»entle  all  the  way  to  itK  month,  where  it 
18  large  enongh  to  receive  lloopn. 

SaiiJoJiy  IJI.inJ,  in  lake  I'lrie,  (J.  Canada, 
li(s  a  littles  U  of  the  liafs  illindi,  and 
nearer  to  S^tmliilVy  Bay. 

f!,inJtviih  To'.i-fj'/),  is  the  nppcr  part 
of  Detroit  river,  and  comprehends  the 
old  Frenih  Jtulti»ieiit«.  It  ha»  a  thriv- 
ins  town  of  the  lame  name,  a  liitic  hirlow 
the  fort  of  Ditroit,  un  the  K  fide  of  the 
river,  where  a  gaul,  and  court  honfe  hive 
been  eret'ted.  Srfi\ti>. 

Sjidtuich,  a  townfliip  in  the  nDrthcrn 
part  of  StraiTord  co.  N.  Hanipthire,  N  of 
Winnipilioijee  l^ike.  It  was  ine«)rpi(ratid 
in  I  76,?, and  oontainj  141.1  inhabitants. 

S,in/iiuiib,  MalVachulctts,  a  poll  town  at 
the  bottom  of  Cape  Cod,  in  Barnft.'Me 
to.  It  extends  the  whole  breadth  of  the 
cape,  and  •»  18  miles  S  K  of  Plymouth, 
an<l  about  60  miles  S  of  Bofton.  There 
is  a  little  decent  "roup  of  hnufcs,  on  the 
11  fide  ot  the  cape,  and  a  pretty  ftrcam  of 
water  running  thr«)ugh  it.  Incorporated 
1639;  inhabitants  2024.  It  is  near  the 
place  where  the  propofed  canal  it  to  com- 
mence from  B.irnftahic  to  Buzzard's  bay. 
The  Indian  town  Kitif,iumut,  or  Katamet, 
was  fituated  on  Buzzard's  bay  \  and  Mem- 
nainu  wa»  the  name  of  a  place  near  the 
bottom  of  Buzzard's  bay.  There  is  a 
place  on  the  fame  bay,  on  Sandwich  fide, 
called  Poli/jt,  ulually  called  by  the  Indians 
I'mii^ijif^Jti.  It  is  the  leeond  parilli  in 
Sandwich.  There  is  an  Indian  territo- 
ry, called  JLrriHtr  fond,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Sandwich,  about  5  miles  N  VV 
from  this  village,  and  f<>  extending  from 
thence  along  fliorc  to  Monument  I'onds, 
all  included  within  the  towndiip  of  Ply> 
mouth.  It  contains.about  lio  fouls, one 
half  of  whom  are  mixed,  The  Indian 
name  of  this  territory  is  not  known. 
Thev  appear  to  have  been  confidered  as 
4  di(tint5l  tribe,  now  known  by  the  name 
of  the  Herring  Pond  Indians. 

Saitdivlch  /^<7»i,/.(,  a  group  of  iflands  in 
thep.  Se^,difcoverid  by  Capt,  Cook,  who 
gave  them  the  above  name  in  honor  of 
the  Far!  of,  Sandwich,  itndcr  whofe  ad- 
miniftratimi  thry  were  flifl  vlfiitd.  They 
ct>i>rii1  of  II  illands,  extending  in  lat. 
from  18  54  to  22  T.5  N,  and 'in  Ion.  from 
150  54  to  140  26  W.  They  arc  called  by 
tlif  na;ivcs   ©'vhyiiec",   Mowcc,    Ranai, 


Morotinnec,  Tahowrowa,  Morotoi,  Wao- 
hon,  Atooi,  Nechechow,  Orrehona,  and 
Tahoorat  all  inhabited, except  Mnrotiti 
ncc  and  Tahoora.     Belidc  thel'c,  the  u.i- 
tivcs  (peak  of  another,  lyini;  to  the  W  ti 
W  of 'I'ahoora  ;  which  is  low  and  faiulv, 
nnd  vilited  only  for  the  pnrpofc  of  caicli- 
ing  turtle  and  I'eafowls.     As   they  do  imt 
know  «)f  any  others,  it  is  ])rob.d)ie  tint 
none  exill  in  their  nti;.',hliourhood.     An 
account  of  each  inhuhittd  ill.ind  will  \w 
found  in  its  proper  place.     'I'hc  cliniiuc 
dillVrs  very  little  fr«)m  that  of  the  WXl 
India  illands  in  the  fame  latitude.    I'pou 
thi.'  whole,  perhaps,  it  may  be  more  Urn- 
pi-rate  ;  nor  are  there  any  traces  of  tliofc 
violent  winds  and  hurricanes  which  rcn. 
der  the  Aormy  months  in  the  Wtfl  Indus 
I'o   dreadful.     Tlicu:  is  .•ill'o  more  rain  Ht 
the  S.iudwich  lilts,  where  the  mountain^ 
ous  parts  being  generally  enveloped  in  a 
cloud,  fncceinvc   fliowers  fall   in   the  in- 
land parts,  with  fine  weather,  and  aclr.ir 
iky,  at  the  iea  flrore.     Hence  it  is,  that 
few  of   thofc  inconveniences  to  which 
many    tropical    countries    arc     fubjee'l, 
either  from  heat  or  m«)iflure,  are  experi- 
enced here.     The  winds,  in  the  winter 
months,  arc  generally  from  £  S  E  to  N  K. 
The  tides  are  very  ngtdar,  ebbing  and 
flowing  6   hours  each.     I'he  flood  comes 
from  the  caflward  ;  and  it  is  high  water 
at  the  full  and  change  of  the  moon,  4<i 
minutes  pad  3.     Their  greated  rife  is  i 
feet  7  inches,  and  the  water  it  always  4 
inches  higher  when  the  moon  is  above 
the  horizon,  than  when  flic  is  below  it. 
'I'he  vegetable  produdlions  arc  nearly  the 
I'amc  as  at  the  other  illands  in  this  occitii. 
The  taro  root  is  of  a  fupcrior  quality. 
I'he  bread  fruit  trees  thrive  not  in  fiidi 
abundance  as  in  the  rich  plains  of  Ot.i- 
hcite,  hut  produce  double  the  quantity 
of  fruit.    The  fugar  canes  arc  of  a  very 
unufual  fize,  fome  of  them  meafuring  it 
inches  and  a  quarter  in  circumference, 
and  having  14  feet  eatable.    There  is  alfo 
a  root  of  a  brown  colour,  fliaped   like  a 
yam,  and  from  6  to  10  pounds  in  weight, 
the  juice  of  which  it  very  I'weet,  of  a 
plcafant  tadc,  and  an  cxcel'rnt  fubftitute 
for  fugar.    The  inhabitants ctc undoiiht- 
edly  of  the  fame  race  that  pofletVcs  the 
illands  S  of   the    equator  ;   ar:d  in  their 
pci funs,  language,  cnflumsand  manners, 
apprnacii  nearer  to  the  New  Zealandcrs 
than  to  their    left    difiant    neighbours 
cither,  to  the  Society  or  Friendly  Illand.'. 
1  hey  arc  in  general  above  the  middli' 
fizc,  and  well  made.    They  walk  very 

gracefully, 


SAN 


SAN 


) 


Di,  Wao« 

,  the  ii:i. 
the  \V  .S 
h\  r.iiuly, 
of  catch- 
.V  Jo  nut 

>illllc  lIlDt 

iiitl.  All 
kI  will  lie 
c  cliniiiie 
the  Wtii 
,le.  I'liim 
nore  tu.i- 

;«  of  lliofi' 

I'hich  rcti- 
I'lfl  Indus 
)rc  ri>in  «t 
motiutAin- 
lopcd  in  a 
in  the  in- 
aiid  aclrar 
:  it  is,  that 
)  to  which 
•c     fubjcift, 
.arcexpcri- 
the  winter 
S  li  to  N  v.. 
L-bbing  and 
flood  comes 
high  water 
?  moon,  45 
:fl  rife  is  J 
it  always  4 
on  is  above 
below  it. 
nearly  the 
this  octirn. 
ior  quality. 
not  in  fnch 
lius  of  Ota- 
lic  quantity 
•c  of  a  very 
leafuring  n 
cumfercnce, 
There  is  alfo 
jicd   like  » 
is  in  weight, 
iweet,  of  a 
nt  fuliftitute 
re  undoiiht- 
ioffeflcs  the 
ar;d  in  their 
id  manners, 
Zcalanilerj 
neighbours, 

iidljr  IflaiTl-' 

the  mitWl"' 

walk  very 

gracefully, 


graccrully,  run  nlmhly,  nnd  arccnpahlc 
of  bearing  very  j'rtat  Titiguc  ;  .iltiiough, 
upon  the  whole,  the  men  arp  foiufwhat 
inferior,  in  point  of  ftrcnuth  ar.'l  ai'livity, 
to  the  Friendly  lllandcrs,  ^^nd  llrj  women 
Ici'it  dtlicjittly  fornu-d  than  t\u,['v  of  Ota- 
lifite.  Their  ci'implcxion  is  rarlifr  dark- 
er than  that  of  the  Otahc  itans,  and  thry 
are  not  altogether  fo  hindfome  a  pfo^iie. 
However,  n»any  of  both  fcxit.  hive  fine 
open  coimttn;uici-,  ;  tin-  woriicn  in  par- 
ticular have  gooti  fycs  and  tix  th,  with  a 
rweftuffs  and  fcnlihility  of  ludk,  th«t 
render  thtni  very  cnj»a;,;in,r;.  'I'lieir  ha'r 
is  of  a  hrownifii  Mack  ;  neither  iniiform- 
Iv  ftiaight,  like  that  of  tlic  American  In- 
dians ;  nor  niiirorinly  curling,  as  amonj^ 
the  ntgroe*  of  Afiica.  There  is  one  pe- 
culiar charavflcriilic  of  this  ureat  n.ition, 
and  which  is  alio  prevalent  in  the  Friend- 
ly Illandcrs,  that  even  in  the  handfomcft 
faces  there  is  a  fullnrfs  of  the  noflril,  with- 
nut  any  flatnefs  or  fprcnding  of  the  nofe. 
This  may  probably  be  the  eflrrt  nf  their 
i :  lal  mode  of  I'alutation,  which  is  by 
V  ifTing  the  ends  of  their  nofes  together, 
1  he  fame  fuperiority  thRt  is  oblcrved  a- 
mong  the  higher  ranks,  through  all  the 
other  illands,  is  found  here.  The  chiefs 
are,  almoft  without  exception,  pcrfcdtly 
well  formed  ;  whereas  the  lower  fort,  be- 
fide  their  general  inferiority,  are  fubje«S); 
to  all  the  variety  of  make  and  figure  that 
i<  fecn  in  the  populace  of  other  countries. 
Tattooing  the  body  is  muth  pradtifed 
here.  The  natives  rife  with  the  Sun,  ^nd, 
after  enjoying  the  cool  of  the  evening, 
retire  to  refl  a  few  hours  after  funfet. 
Their  inftruments  of  war  are  fpcars,  dag- 
];ers,  clubs  and  flings.  The  dagger  is  a 
weapon  peculiar  to  thcmfelves.  It  is 
from  I  to  2  feet  long,  made  of  heavy 
black  wood  refembling  ebony,  fliarpened 
at  one  or  both  ends  and  fecured  to  the 
hand  by  a  firing.  Its  ufe  is  to  (lab  in 
clofe  fight,  and  it  is  well  adapted  to  the 
purpofe.  They  have  alfo  the  knife  or 
law,  with  which  the  New  Zealanders  cut 
up  their  flaughtercd  enemies.  For  dc- 
feafive  armour  they  wear  flrong  mats, 
which  ate  not  eafiiy  penetrated  with  fuch 
weapons  as  their's. 

SiinJwIch,  or  Haivlei  River,  is  %  miles 
within  Chebu<5to  Harbour,  Nova  Sco- 
tia. 

Sandtoicb,  a  fmall  river  at  the  bottom 
of  Barndable  Bay,  Maffachufetts. 

Sandy  Bay,  Little,  on  lake  Ontario,  be- 
tween Sophiaiburgh  and  Maryfturgh,  U. 
Canada,  ii  fuppUed  by  the  £.  Ukc  lying 


alfobetwrrn  tlicfe  townflnps.in  the  cf  un. 
ty  of  Prince  lidwaril. 

f!timty  Bay,  on  lake  Ontario,  U,  Cannd.t, 
in  thetownfliip  ot  Amclialhiirgh,  lies  im. 
mediately  K  of,  and  clofe  to  the  Kle  do 
CJninte. 

S.imly  B>y,at  the  F.  rod  of  the  ifland 
of  Jamaica  ;  .S  of  Mulatto  river,  and  6 
inihs  N  ot  Mauchaneel  Harbour. 

S,iii,/y  B.iy,  at  the  N  W  extremity  of 
the  lame  illand,  W  of  Stoildard  U.iy,  and 
K  of  (ircen  Illand.  LUt'r  S.imly  ll(i\,an 
the  8  1'".  part  of  the  ill.oul  i<  about  a  league 
W  ol  Point  Moranl.  Samly  (liyer  lie  olF 
tli<'  entrjinreof  Port  Royal  Harbour. 

Sjn.fy  Cove,  to  the  N  \V  round  the 
point  of  Cape  Ann,  MalTachufitts,  and 
lies  betweeu  two  head  lands.  N  lat.  4Z 
45,  W  Ion.  7030. 

6''""/v  H.irhour,  on  the  F,  fide  of  the  ill. 
and  of  St.  I.ncia,  near  the  S  Y.  point  of 
the  illand,  where  a  Inull  river  empties  in<. 
to  the  ocean. 

ijiimly  mil,  a  fmall  village  in  N.  York, 
in  the  lownlltip  of  Kingfbury,  two 
miles  N  of  Fort  Fdward,  on  a  high  hill 
at  the  bend  of,  and  overlooking  Hudfon'i 
river  from  the  V..  Here  is  a  port  ollitt, 
454  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Siinify  Hoot,  or  Point,  it\  the  townfliipof 
Middleton,  N.  Jerfey,  forms  a  capacious 
harhour,  thence  and  from  the  inlet  pallcs 
to  N.  York,  about  aj  milts  diflant.  From 
Montauk  Point,  on  Long  Illand,  to  the 
Hook,  is  S  W  by  W  i  W  14  leagues,  and 
then  W  by  S  22  leagues.  The  pilots  irc 
obliged  to  keep  a  good  and  fulliclcnt 
whalcboat  ready  at  the  Hook.  Hi^h 
water,  at  full  and  change,  37  minutes  .if- 
ter  6  o'clock.  The  light  houfc,  on  the  N 
point  of  the  Hook,  lies  in  lat.  .<o  .^o  N, 
and  Ion.  74  a  W.  At  the  firfl  dilcovcry 
of  America,  few  or  no  cod  C\(\\  were  to  he 
found  S  of  the  banks  of  Newfoundland, 
and  Sable  Illand.  About  30  years  ago 
they  were  difcwcrcd  off  Sandy  Hook, 
and  they  have  ever  fincc  become  more 
plenty  on  the  filliing  grounds  off  the 
Nevcrfink,  in  6,  7,  and  8  fathoms  water. 

Saitdy  IJland,  a  fmall  illand  off  the  W 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  about  two 
miles  from  the  fliore. 

Sandy  /'om/,  the  S  caftern  extremity  of 
Barnftable  CO.  MafTachufctts ;  called  Point 
Care,  by  Gofnold.  The  courfc  to  Nan- 
tucket light  houfe,  is  S  S  W  3  leagues.  N 
lat.  41  24,  W  Ion.  6935. 

Sandy  Point,  in  the  illand  of  Tobago.  N 
lat.  n  6,  Wlon.  60  37. 

Sandy  Point,  the  mofl  wefterly  point  of 

the 


i  it 


I 


SAN 


SAN 


\ 


tlie  ifland  of  St.  Chridophcr's ;  called  alfo 
Ii:lt!itei  Point. 

Sjitify  Point,  near  the  S  E  part  of  the 
idand  of  St.  Lucia,  and  forms  the  i'outhern 
limit  of  Sandy  H.«rl>oiir. 

Sjtr/y  Point,  near  the  S  E  point  of  the 
irtiitul  or  Antigua,  on  the  larboard  fide  of 
I  lie  opening  into  WillovijjUby  Bar. 

Sim/y  P»inf,t\\e  N  E  point  of  N'antuck- 
<  t  lllaad,  on  the  coud  of  Mafl'achu^ctts. 
N  Int.  4L  13,  W  Ion.  70. 

f)nnJy  Point,  a  town  of  the  Wand  of  St. 
Cliriltopher's,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  thi-  ill- 
and,  in  St  Anne's  parilh,  and  in  FIj;  tree 
Bay.  It  is  a  port  «)f  entry,  and  in  defend- 
ed by  Charles  I'ort,  and  JJrimftone  Jiill, 
botli  near  the  town. 

S.tnJy  Piver,     See  Big  S^iniiy  .River. 

SmJj  River,  MiinS,  rifts  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  confifts  of  many  fmall  branches  ; 
runs  a  N  E  courfc,  and  tmptie«*nto  Ktn- 
nebeck  river,  at  the  N  W  cwrner  of  the 
townlliipof  Starks. 

Sandy  Rivar  Old  Towm.    See  THcfimh, 

HanJyfoH,  a  townflup  of  ^.  Jerfpy,  Snf- 
fex  CO.  on  Delaware  river,  at  tlie  foot  of 
the  Blue  Mountain*,  about  11:  miles  uiiove 
Walpack,  and  abont  as  far  N  W  of  New- 
ton.     It  contains  519  inliabitants. 

Hanfnrd,  a  port  toWit  in  York  co.  Mairxe, 
bounded  SE  by  Wells  and  SWby  Berwick 
and  Lebanon  in  the  famceounty.  Moiif- 
«m  River  pafles  tlirough  Sandford  and 
Creal  Works,  which  is  a  north  eaflerly 
hranch  of  Pifcatnqua,  lias  its  fource  here 
•and  pafles  into  Berwick.  It  lias  1363 
Tniiabitants. 

Hunford,  atownffiipof  N.  York,  Dutch- 
es CO.  has  234<)  inhabitants. 

Sitnjrallan,  or  Gallam  Cafe,  called  Cargal' 
Ijn  by  the  Britifli  feamcn  ^  i$on  tlie  coaft 
of  Peru,  N  N  W  of  the  ifland  of  Labos, 
and  3  miles  N  W  of  Carette  IHand.  On 
the  S  hde  of  the  cape  is  a  very  good  har- 
bour, riuch  frequented  by  the  coafting 
fliips  from  Panama  and  Lima.  O^  this 
cape  it  is  very  biuncring  and  Jllorin.y. 

Hangasy  or  St.  Duftt  Cretli,  a  fmaH 
ftream  in  U.  Canada,  emptying  itfelf  into 
lake  Eric,  ea(t  of  Sangas  point ;  it  aflfords 
a  harbour  for  boats,  having  about  3  feet 
of  water  on  its  bar.  Smyth. 

Sangat  Ptint,  or  St,  DuJi'tfoiHt,  on  theN 
fliorc  of  lake  Erie,  E  of  the  river  Wave- 
ncy ;  U.  Canada  ;  is  the  mod  proje<ft- 
ing  point  between  the  mouth  of  the  Oufe, 
and  the  north  Foreland.  Smytb. 

Sangerfeld^  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  Chtf- 
«ingoco.\vluch  contains  Ii44inhnbitant3. 

Saiigiiay,  a  famous  mountain  in  the  eaft-  | 


j  cm  chain  of  the  Andes,  in  the  jurifdi.clio^ 
of  Macas.  proN'ince  of  (juito.  It  is  of  ^ 
prodigious  height,  and  the  greatcft  part  of 
the  wJiolc  fiirface  covered  with  fnow. 
From  its  fumniit  i/Tucs  a  continuiil  fire, 
and  the  explolions  are  fomctimcs  hoard 
at  Quito,  though  1 3J  miles  dillant.  'llit 
country  adjacent  to  this  volcano, is  totally 
barr#n,occaru)ned  by  tlie  enorniou!i«iu,i;i- 
tity  of  Jflono!  and  cinders  ejcifled  from  t!ic 
mountain. 

SiiH  yuan  -de  Ids  Lanru,  a  town  of  4S.  Amer- 
ica, at  the  foot  of  the  mountains  of  Pop- 
ayan,  wJiich  is  vwatcred  by  a  head  brancii 
of  Oi  uaoko  river. 

Sanpini  Creek,     See  Trenton,  N.  Jcrfcv. 

Han  Miguel  de  Jharra,  a  jurildiction  iif 
Peru,  province  of  Quito,  containing  lit 
pariflics.  MoA  of  tlie  farms  liave  planta- 
tions of  fugar  canes  and  cotton.  The 
farnn  iituatcd  in  a  >varnicr  part  of  tlit 
jurifdidlion  are  fown  with  maize,  v  heat 
and  barley.  Here  are  alfo  great  num- 
bers of  goats,  isut  not  jnany  flieep.  The 
Indians  herjs  weave  a  co.nli.dcrabie  quanti- 
ty of  cloth  and  cotton.  'I  he  mines  oi 
fait  hcr,e  have  fome  mixture  of  nitre, 
which  renders  it  not  fo  proper  for  faltinjf 
meat  j  and  accordingly  that  inade  at  Guy- 
aquil  is  preferred,  tbougli  dearer.  Near 
the  vil];ige  of  Mira,  are  great  numbers  of 
wild  afl'es,  which  incrcafc  very  faft,  and 
are  not  ealiiy  caught.  They  have  all  the 
fwiftnefs  of  horfes,  and  afcend  and  dc- 
fcend  lulls  and  mountains  with  eafe.  But 
tlie  moft  remarkable  circumAance  related 
of  thefe  ani;n;a!s  is,  that  as  foon  as  they 
have  carried  ily;  firft  load,  their  celerity 
^wl  dangerous  ferocity  leave  them,  and 
they  foon  contraA  the  ftupid  look  and 
dullnefs  pecul^r  to  all  the  afiinine  fpcr 
cies. 

San  Miguel  de  liarrd,  the  capital  of  the 
above  jurifdi(Stion.  It  Aand;  on  a  large- 
plain  between  two  rivers.  The  parifli 
church  is  a  large  and  elegant  flru<il«ire, 
and  ;ivcU  ornamented.  It  contains  3 
coinyentK,  a  coUege,  a  nunnery,  and  about 
I2,ORO  li^uls.       N  lat.  o  «5,  W  Ion.  76  20. 

Sanfonate  Port,  or  Saxfonette,  on  the  U' 
fide  of  N.  Mexico,  21  miles  from  the  riv- 
er Maticaloc.  Point  Remcdios  is  tht 
fouthern  opening  of  the  port. 

Santd,  a  rapid  river,  flowing  through  :: 
valley  of  the  fame  name  in  Peru,  about 
230  miles  N  of  Lima.  It  is  near  a  quar- 
ter of  a  league  broad  at  the  place  where  it 
is  ufually  forded,  which  is  liear  the  town 
of  the  fame  name,  forming  5  principal 
ftrcams,  which  run  during  the  whole  ye :ir 

witli 


Urith  grca 

curroiit,  e 

has  been  1 

in  an  hou: 

Santa,  a 

the  river  ( 

from  Paita 

N  of  that  I 

mulattoes, 

W  Ion.  7  9  _ 

fea  coaft,  f 

diftant,  an 

heing  pilhi 

was  abandi 

Santa  Bt 

tndofthe 

harbour  in 

have  a  tow; 

Santa  CL 

aquil,on  th 

From    this 

wefternmo( 


Santa  Cru 
Indies.     .Set 

Santa  Cri. 
ifland  of  Cu 
the  bottom 
miles  E  of  tl 
W  Ion.  8r  5, 

Santa  Cru: 

lying  in  the 

W  of  Lima, 

ifland  of  Ar 

dana  in  iji 

1 767.  and  b 

It  IS  rcckone 

<ircumf«onc 

cruelties  we 

friendly  and 

dana'snien,  1 

twoofh^spr 

«d,  and  ariotl 

tivcs  of  this 

negroes  of A 

ftained  with  < 

ces  and  bodie 

covering  is  a 

ornaments,  at 

like  thofe  of 

Aupal.    The 

populous,  aboi 

.7  fpecres  of  b:i 

almonds,  nut^ 

fugar  canes,  gi 

gede,  fowls,  { 

«lovc»,  herons 

"«yof  other 

STctt  pIcntT  a; 


SAN 


SAl^ 


irith  grcnt  rapidity, 
current,  even  when 


The  ve!ocity  of  the 
the  waters  are  low, 


has  been  found  to  l)c  a  league  and  an  half 
in  an  hour. 

Siintj,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  bahk4  of 
the  river  of  the  fame  n.lme  on  the  road 
from  Paita  to  J.Ima,  and  abtuu  230  miles 
N  of  that  city,  it  is  inhithtted  by  Indians, 
mulattoes, and  meftizoeF.  S  lat.  857  36, 
W  lon.79  30.  It  was  originally  built  on  the 
ffla  coaft,  from  which  it  is  now  \  a  league 
diftant,  ami  was  large  and  populons,  but 
being  pillaged  by  the  Englilli  in  1685,  it 
was  abandoned. 

Santa  Btrbtiry,  on  the  S  fidc  of  the  E 
end  of  the  iHand  of  Curacoa,  is  the  beft 
harbour  in  the  iiland,  where  the  Dutch 
have  a  town  and  fort. 

SauU  CLra,  an  Iiland  in  thi-  bay  of  Ouy- 
aquil.on  fhe  N  part  of  the  coallof  Peru. 
From  this  ifland  to  Punto  Arena,  the 
weflernmoft  point  of  Puna  Ifland,  is  7 
lca<,'uej  E  N  E.  S  lat.  3  30,  W  Ion. 
80  3«. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  Danilli  Ifland  in  the  W. 
Indies.    Sec  Croix,  St. 

S'iinta  CruZf  a  conlldcrablc  town  in  the 
ifland  uf  Cuba,  having  a  good  harbour  at 
the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Matanzas,  63 
miles  E  of  the  Havaniiah.  N  lat.  23  11, 
W  Ion.  815.     ■ 

Santa  Cruz,  or  St.  Crcix,  a  large  ifland 
lying  in  the  PacHic  Ocean,  i8jo  leagues 
W  of  Lima,  in  S  lat.  10  15,  S  E  of  the 
ifland  of  Arf.icides,  difcovered  by  Men- 
daoa  in  IJ95,  and  fince  by  Cirteret  in 
1767,  and  by  him  called  I'mnont  Ifland. 
It  is  reckoned  to  be  90  (*r  100  leagues  ia 
circumfcfcnce.  Great  juid  unprovoked 
cruelties  were  conimicted  upon'  thel'e 
friendly  and  itofpitable  Ulanders  by  Men- 
dana'»  itieb,  for  which  Mcndana  caufcd 
two  of  hf$  principal  ofilcers  to  be  behead- 
ed, and  another  to  be  hanged.  The  na- 
tives of  this  iiland  are  at  black  as  the 
negroes  of  Africa,  their  hair  woolly,  and 
Rained  With  dilTerent  colours.  Their  fa- 
ces and  bodies  are  tattooed.  Their  only 
covering  is  a  leaf  of  a  ceuain  tree,  their 
ornaments,  arms,  and  boats,  arc  pot  un- 
like th'ifi;  of  the  inhabitants  of  Ttsrra 
Auflral.  The  country  is  fertile  and  very 
populoui,  abounding  in  eatable  roots,  6  or 
.7  fpecies  Of  bananas,  plenty  of  cocoa  trees, 
almonds,  nuts,  chcihuts,  a  fort  of  apple, 
fugar  canes,  ginger,  breadfruit,  &r.  Hogs, 
geefe,  fowls,  partridges,  ring  and  turtle 
doves,  herons,  fwa|low>,  and  .a  great  va- 
riety of  other  birds ;  and  on  the  coafl  a 
greit  plenty  and  variety  of  fiflx.    There 


are  hero  no  noxious  infetJls,  whicli  are^ 
comm(m  in  other  iflands  of  the  torrid 
Zone.  In  a  word,  the  Iflahd  of  Santa  Cruz, 
and  others  of  the  fame  i;roup,  offer  the 
mod  valuable  rclburces  to  navigators  who 
traverle  the  CJrfut  Pacific  Ocean,  S  of 
the  line; 

Santa  Cru*  £;  la  Sien'tt,  a  large  jurifdic- 
tion-  in  the'  kinj'islom  of  Peru,  l)ut  thinly 
inhabited  by  Spaniards.  The  niillicns  oV 
Paraguay  ar«  intWs  jurifcIit'Viwn. 

Sarit.t  CritT.  Je  la  •f?;V/r</, the  capital  of  tllC 
.•»boV(?  jurildiiaion,  iTtu4tpd  at  the  fool  of 
a  mountain,  on  the  banks  of  the  fniall 
river  Guapay,  about  56  miles  NE  of  !,:•. 
Plata,  aiul  noar  the  borders  of  P.uaguav, 
It  is  thinly  iiihabitctf ;  the  houl'es  are  of 
ftonc,  thatdied  with  palm  le.ivcs.  The 
valley,  in  which  the  city  (lands,  produces 
all  kinds  of  grain  and  fruits,  and  the  wood') 
and  uncultivated  mountainf;  afford  grc.it 
quantities  of  honey  and  wax.  !j  lat.  ly 
25,  W  h)n.  6»  30. 

Saata  Fe,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  ^?. 
America  on  the  Ri»  Uravu.  N  lat.  2,s  ^i"> 
W  Ion.  1O6  35. 

Santa  Fc  Hay,  on  tl'C  N  eoad  of  ir:. 
America,  VV  of  Comana  Gulf. 

Santa  Pe  A  8at;r>ta,  the  capital  of  ihr 
province  of  Vev  Oranada,  in  S.  America, 
iii  the  fee  of  aa  archbitbop,  and  the  feat 
ofarruniverlity.  Neiir  to  the  city  is  fli*- 
lake  Ouatavita,  (qion.  the  banks  of  whicli 
the  favagcs  formerly  lacriliced  to  ihcit 
idols;  to  whom  they  olI«red  much  gold, 
and  other  tilings  of  great  value.  N  lat.  -^ 
58,  \V  Ion.  73  5. 

Santa  Ijlund,  or  Holy  IJlaiuf,  on  the  coafl 
of  Peru,  is  oppofite  to  the  port  of  Fcroi 
It   is  3  miles  from  the   port  and  city  of 
Santa,  and  as  far  from  Ferol,  which  is  eaft- 
ward  of  it. 

Santa  Maria,  a  river  of  the  Ifthmus  of 
Darieu,  navigable  8  or  9  leagues,  and  fo 
far  the  tide  flows ;  but  above  that  its  twa 
branches  will  only  admit  canoes.  It  emp- 
ties into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Michael  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  town  of  its  name  is 
about  6  leagues  from  its  mouth  ;  and  ■!« 
conliderable  on  account  of  the  gold  mines 
in  its  neighbourhood,  which  are  worked 
to  great  advantage,  but  the  country  about 
it  is  low,  woody,  and  very  unhealthy.  N 
lat.  7  30,  W  loiu  8a  ao. 

Santa,  i*«rf,on  the  coafl  of  Peru,  is  N  E 
of  .Santa  Ifland,  in  the  mouth  of  a  river  of 
the  fame  name. 

Santa  Martha,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir  .• 
ma,  .S.  America,  bounded  £  by  Rio  de  ta 
Ha:ha,  anA  W  by  e»rtl»»g,ena. 

Sat^a 


% 


SAN 


SAP 


Sa'iia  AIurtija,t\ie  capital  of  tlic  above 
pruvincc,  and  the  fee  of  a  hilliop,  wus 
formerly  very  populous,  but  is  now  much 
decayed,  occafioued  by  the  Spauiili  ilects 
not  touching  there,  as  fonnerly.  There 
are  large  fait  ponds  4  miles  from  the  town, 
from  which  good  fait  is  extradtcd  aud  lent 
to  the  neighbouring  provinces.  It  Hands 
ne:»r  the  fea,  at  the  foot  of  a  prodijjious 
mountain,  whofe  fummit  is  generally  hid 
in  the  clouds  ;  but  in  clear  weather,  when 
the  top  appears,  it  is  covered  with  fnow. 
In  fome  places  in  the  vicinity  are  gold 
xniues,  and  in  others  precious  Hones  of 
great  Value. 

Santm,  a  navigable  river  of  S.  Carolina, 
the  largeft  and  k;ugefl  in  that  State.  It 
cinptic-i  into  the  ocean  \\\  4  mouths,  a 
little  S  of  Georgetown,  about  no  miles  in 
adireclline  from  its  mouth,  u  brandies 
into  the  Congarte  andAV'ateree  j  the  lat- 
ter, or  northern  branci),  pailcs  tlie  Cata- 
l)aw  nation  of  Indians,  anU  bears  the  name 
of  Catabaw  river,  from  this  futtlemcnt  to 
its  fources. 

Santo  Efhiritu,  a  captainfltip  of  Brazil, 
bounded  N  by  the  captainllip  of  Seguro, 
and  S  by  that  of, Rio  Janeirti,  from  wliich 
laltthe  river  Paraybo  feparates  it,  and 
after  a  long  courfe  from  W  to  E,  empties 
into  the  ocean,  in  lat.  at  30  S.  This 
government  is  the  moH  fertile,  and  bed 
furnillied  with  all  forts  of  provifions  of 
any  in  Brazil ;  having  alfo  an  incredible 
quantity  of  fifh  and  game.  Its  low  lands 
being  interfcdlcd  by  a  great  number  of 
rivers,  are  very  fruitful;  and  the  high 
grounds  are  covered  with  fortfts  of  large 
trees.  Here  are  three  rivers  in  Brazil, 
called  Parayba,  or  Paraiba,  viz.  one 
which  gives  its  name  to  a  captainfliip  al- 
ready defcribed;  the  fccond  is  that 
abovementioned,  aud  the  third  empties 
into  the  ocean  between  Cape  St.  Vincent, 
and  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

Santo  Efperitu^  the  capital  of  the  above 
captfiinfliip,  and  indeed  the  only  town  in 
it,  is  lUuated  on  the  S  fide  of  a  large  bay 
on  the  oadcrn  coall  of  Brazil,  about  9 
miles  from  the  fea.  It  hat  a  caAlc  in  ruins, 
but  no  fortifications,  and  contains  about 
900  inhabitants.  Here  are  two  monaf- 
terics  aud  a  college.  The  port  is  a 
I'inall  bay,  opening  to  the  £,  interfeiSted 
with  many  fmall  iflands.  On  the  top 
of  a  mountain,  at  fomc  diftance  from  the 
town,  is  a  large  white  towt  r,  called,  by 
the  Portuguefe,  Noftra  Senhora  de  Pena, 
and  near  it  a  finali  church,  furrounded 
with  a  wall.      At  the  foot  of  the  moun* 


tain,  arc  Hill  to  be  fccn  the  melancholy 
remains  of  a  place  once  called  Villa  Veja, 
or  the  Old  City.  S  lat.  20  36,  W  Ion.  .39  56. 

5j///</j,  atown  in  the  captainfliip  ot  St. 
Vincent,  in  Brazil,  featcd  on  a  river  <; 
miles  from  the  lea,  which  is  there  a  mile 
broad,  and  live  fathoms  deep.  It  is 
defended  by  a  rampart  on  the  fide  next 
the  river.  It  is  alio  guarded  by  two  cal- 
tle3,oneon  the  S  fide,  and  the  other  in 
the  middle  of  the  town,  which  coutuia> 
ajo  inhabitants.  It  hits  a  parifli  church, 
a  monallery,  and  a  college.  S  lat.  24  26, 
W  Ion.  42  30. 

Haciij,  or  Saone,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
S  £  part  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo.  It  k 
about  8  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and  2  from 
N  to  S.  Its  circumference  is  nearly  25 
leagues.  It  lies  E  of  St.  Catherine  Ill- 
and ;  and  at  each  of  iis  extremities,  E 
and  \V  is  a  mountain,  and  there  is  a  third 
at  a  point  about  the  middle  of  the  ioutli- 
crn  fide.  'i'hcfe  mountains  at  once  ilivl- 
ter  and  water  it,  aud  temper  the  air. 
The  Indians  called  thij  illand  AJuwuuoy, 
and  had  a  particular  cacique,  who  wa» 
i'ovcreign  of  the  illand,  independent  of 
thofe  of.  St.  Domingo.  His  lubje«fls  de- 
voted themfelves  to  commerce  with  the 
Spaniards,  to  agriculture,  to  cultivation  of 
grain  and  fruits.  Tluy  furnilhed  enough 
tor  the  confumption  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, and  for  provilioning  feveral  expe- 
ditions, going  from  that  port.  Some 
Cadihans  having  caufid  the  cacique  to 
be  eaten  by  a  dog,  this  adt  of  cruelty  be- 
came the  caui'e  of  a  quarrel,  and  the  Spnn- 
iards  having  exterminated  the  unfortu- 
nate inhabitants,  formed  fettlements  on 
their  little  illand.  It  is  furrounded  with 
banks  and  breakers,  except  at  the  weftern 
part  J  but  there  is  a  pallage  for  fmall 
barks,  between  its  N  fide,  and  the  main  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  'I'he  illand 
and  its  port  are  a  Iheller  for  the  mariners 
failing  in  this  part  who  here  find  water, 
wood,  and  wild  cattle,  all  which  are  iu 
abundance.  It  is  impoflible  to  have  an 
idea  of  the  vail  quantities  of  birds,  and 
particularly  of  wood,  pigeons,  that  are 
I'een  here.  The  caftcrn  point  of  the 
ifland  lies  in  lat.  18  9  N,  and  Ion.  71  11 
W  of  Paris. 

Sofia  St.  Michael  (fe,  a  village  in  the  val- 
ley of  Arica,  in  the  province  of  Charcos, 
in  Peru.  It  is  a  fmall  place,  but  faniouii 
for  the  quantity  of  Guinea  pepper  pro- 
duced in  its  vicinity.  It  will  not  thrive 
in  mountainous  parts,  but  is  cultivated  in 
the  vallits.     The  inhabitants  oi  this  viU 

In.se 


J 


SAR 


S  AS 


incholy 
a  Vfja, 
»•  V)  56. 

p  of  St. 
river  y 
c  a  milt: 
It  ii 
ide  licit 
two  cul- 
Jther  in 
coiiliiiui 
church, 
.t.  24  a6, 

near  the 

iigo.  It  is 

d  'Z  from 

early  15 

jriiie   111- 

nities,  ii 

is  a  third 

le  ioutli- 

>nce  ilitl- 
the   air. 

AJuuiunoy, 

who  was 

indent  of 

bjefts  de- 
with  the 

tivation  of 

cd  enough 
of  St.  Do- 

eral  expc- 

■t.      Some 

lacii^ue  to 
uelty  bc- 
the  Sp?.n- 
unfortu- 
iments  on 
ided  with 
le  wcftern 
|for    linall 
[le  main  ot 
he  iiland 
_  mariners 
find  water, 
jich  are  in 
to  have  an 
lirds,  and 
that  are 
It  of.  the 
[on.  71  ^^ 

lin  the  val- 
If  CharcDS, 
lut  famous 
jpcr  pro- 
fnot  thrive 
[tivated  in 
af  this  viU 
■   lage 


\kgt  fell  annually  no  lefs  than  80,000 
crowns worthofit.  Slat. 1730  W  Ion  78  10. 

Stij>elo,&  village  of  Georgia, Liberty  co. 
oppofite  tothc  lb\ind  and  iiland  of  that 
name,  6  miles  S  of  Sunbruy. 

Saponies,  Indians  wiu)  inhabit  on  a  N 
branch  ttf  Sul'ijuchannah  river.  Warriors 
30.      See  Mnitfjys. 

Sutiimachn,  a  river  in  Snrrinaitt, 

iSrtri7/rcf,  a  river  of  N  '^ork,  which  rifcs 
from  feveral  In.  >el;i'  long  tlie  moun- 

tains W  of  .'  .  Chaw  I,  and  after  a 
N  E  conrl'c  ot  yo  miles,  ....ters  the  Lake 
.It  Plattfburgh  It  has  feveral  rapids 
round  wliich  are  carryingp.iths;ii  abounds 
with  various  fpecies  of  filb. 

Sar<ito^a,  a  county  of  the  State  of  N. 
York,  bounded  E  and  N  by  Hudlbn  riv- 
er, which  I'cparates  it  from  Ilcnfl'etHef  and 
WalLingron  counties,  and  S  by  Mohawk 
river.  It  has  been  eftabiillicd  lince  1790, 
and  it  divided  into  8  townfliips,  viz. 
Greenfield,  Ballftown,  Charlton,  Half 
Muon,  Milton,  Saratoga,  Galway,andStill- 
water,  [See  Stillwater^  and  contains  6889 
inhabitants. 

Siinitaga,  or  Saraaltogay  a  townfllip  ift 
the  above  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Hudfou  R. 
36  miles  N  of  Albany.  It  contains  2411 
inhabitants.  It  will  ever  be  renowned  in 
hirtopyras  the  place  where  the  Britifli 
General  Burgoyne,  furrendercd  his  whole 
army  to  Gener'al  Gates,  0&..  17th,  1777, 
an  event  which  greatly  contributed  to  a 
favourable  iflue  of  the  war.  This  town  is 
alfo  famous  for  its  medicinal  waters,  called 
the  Sjratofra  Sprinj^s.  .They  are  10  miles 
from  Ballilo'wn,  in  a  fliallow  vale  or  marfli, 
in  feveral  refpedls  rcfembling  that  of 
Ballftown.  Tliefe  waters  appear  to  have 
received  ftronger  impregnation  of  the  fame 
kind  of  ingredients  tliat  enter  thofe  of 
Ballftown,  and  may  be  a  ftream  of  the 
fame  fountain  running  through  the  fame 
kind  of  calcareous  earth.  One  of  thele 
fprings  is  covered  over  by  a  natural  cre- 
tacious,  or  rather  calcareous  pyramid, 
about  five  or  fix  feet  high.  This  hollow 
pyramid,  or  cone,  has  a  hole  in  the  top 
about  fix  inches  over.  If  we  look  into 
this  hole  we  fee  the  mineral  water  boil- 
ing vehemently  like  a  pot  over  the  fire  ; 
the  water  is  neverthelcfs  intenfely  cold, 
andisfaidto  be,  in  every  rcfpecl,  fmart- 
er  than  that  at;  Ballftown.  The  calcare- 
ous matter  extends  for  feveral  rods  from 
the  bafis  of  this  pyramid.  Dr.  Seaman  of 
N.  York,  examined  thefe  waters  in  1795. 
His  experiment*  lliew  that  each  quart 
contains  about  40  cubic  inches  of  crcta- 
VoL.  I.  /,  z  K 


clous  acid ;  5  2  grains  mineral  alkali  { 
346  common  marine  fait ;  38  xrated 
lime ;  i  7  xrated  iron ;  and  a  fulphureous 
impregnation.  He  believes  the  water 
ui'cful  in  (lone  and  gravelly  complaints, 
chronic  rheumatifins,difpcpfia,  and  fome 
other  long  ftanding^  complaints  of  debility, 
and  likewife  in  old  phagedenic  ulcerii  and 
fcOrlnltic  afFcdtions,  alfo  dyferitery,  all 
cutaneous  eruptions,  and  probably  may 
be  uf<  fi'l  in  fc-ophula.  He  doubts  their 
beitij_  ■'! .'  in  hypochondriafis  and  other 
nervoub  affetSlions,  alfo  in  confumptions, ' 
as  fixed  air,  which  is  the  predominant 
agent  in  the  operation  of  thefe  waters, 
has  been  found  prejudicial  in  phthifical 
complaints.  The  foregoing  experiments 
were  made  before  the  Cungrtfi  Springs 
were  difcovered.  Probably  thefe  fprJTigs 
contain  fome  new  ingredients,  as  they  are 
found  rcftorative  in  cafes  of  afthma  and ' 
phthific.  Some  chryftals  have  been 
found  at  this  place,  fpecimens  of  which 
have  been  depolited  in  the  Mufeiim  of 
Yale  College. 

SarJj,a  Cape  ori  the  coaft  of  N.  Spain, 
and  in  the  N.  Sea. 

SjiccIo,  the  chief  town  of  Duplin  co. 
N.  Carolina,  on  the  N  E  branch  oi  Cape 
Fear  river,  which  afTordk  water  for  rafts 
to  the  town.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  about  20  houlls.  It  is  130  mik» 
above  Wilminfxton,  N. 

Sarena,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, S  hit.  39  40,  W  Ion.  71  15. 

Sarinbaym,  a  river  on  the  S  E  coaft  of 
Brazil;  and  oppofite  the  ithind  of  Alexo> 
which  is  W  of  Cape  St.  Augufline. 

Siirmiento,  JJIands,  Pedro  di,  in  the  Soutlx 
Pacific  Ocean,  are  thought  to  be  the  fame 
as  the  Duh  nf  Tori's  IJlands,  northward  of 
the  W  end  of  the  ftraits  of  Magellan. 
They  lie  in  about  lat.  50  S,  and  are  abuiut 
80  in  number. 

Sarenilla,  or  Serranella,  fhoals  off  the  ifl- 
and  of  Jamaica,  25  leagues  W  of  Pedro 
Shoals,  and  37  W  of  Portland  Point. 
The  middle  of  thern  lie  in  lat.  16  lo  N, 
and  Ion.  80  45  W. 

Siirtiiie  Jjks,  a  name  givento  feveral  cluf- 
tors  of  ides  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, S  ot  Cape  Hedtor.  They  produce 
neither  tree  nor  fhrub. 

SaJJuitJji'wme,  a  river  of  N.  America 
which  rifcs  above  lat  54  N,  Ion.  1 141^  W, 
paliinj^  through  Mud  lake  and  Cedar  Like, 
is  navigable  nearly  to  its  fource,  and  emp- 
ties its  waters  into  Winipie  lake.  A  few 
miles  from  the  lake  it  has  rapids  for  three 
miles,  where  it  is  sibout  a  mile  wide.    The 

5  bank 


Smm 


i  M 

1  £1 


il 


■  \  M 


SAU 


SAV 


Sfaznlcisofrockmore  than  j  j  feet  high. 
At  the  foot  of  the  foils  is  an  excellent 
(Vnrgeon  fiihery.  On  this  river  the  Eng- 
lifli  have  5  faoories  for  trading  with  the 
natives.  Among  thefe  are  the  Nepawi, 
Knifteneaux,  Stone  Indians,  Affiniboins, 
and  fome  others.    See  H^inipes  ''te- 

.Safa/rai,^  fmall  navigable  river  of  Ma- 
ryland, which  rifes  in  Delaware  State, 
and  runs  weftward  into  Chefapeak  Bay. 
It  feparates  Kent  co.  from  that  of  Cecil, 
and  has  the  towns  of  Fredericleftdwn, 
Georgetown,  and  Saflafras  on  its  banks. 

SatiUa,  Great  and  LiHie,  two  rivers  of 
Georgia,  which  fall  into  the  ocean,  in 
Camden  eo.  between  the>  Alatanu^  and 
St.  Mary's  rivers. 

Saueoit,  Upper  and  'Lnveft  townfiiips  in 
Northampton  co.  Ptennfylvania. 

Sauiiej,  or  Sdiiies,  an  Indian  tribe  refid- 
ingat  Bay  Puan.in  the'N.'  W.  Territory, 
near  the  Minomanies. 

Saunders  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  osean,- 
one  of  the  fmall  iflands  which  furround 
the  Faulkland  Ifles. 

Saundert  IJland,  in  SoiKh  Georgia,  in  the 
.S,  Atlantic  Ocean.  S  lat.  ST  5%  W  Ion. 

a6  54- 

Saundert  IJland^  call'  jy  the  natives' 
Tapoamanao,  in  the  S.  ciilc  Ocean,  is 
reckoned  one  of  the  Sociecy  Iflands.  When 
Port  Royal  Bay  at  Otaheite  is  S  70  45  E, 
didant  01  miles,  this  illand  bears  S  S  W, 
Slat.  17  28,  W  Ion.  151  4.  It  is  about 
two  leagues  long., 

SaunderfviUe,  a-  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
Georgia. 

Saara,  L'onoer  Tiivn,  is  -on the  S  fide  of 
Din  river,  N.  Carolina.  It  was  former- 
ly the  chief  town  of  the  Saura  Indians. 

Saura,  Upper  Town,  an  ancient  and  well 
peopled  town  of  the  Saura  Indians  in 
Stokes  CO.-  on  the  S  fide  of  Dan  river. 

Sattteurs  te  Marnedes.,  or  Leapert  HUl,  a" 
precipice  near  the  river  Sautcurs,  at  the 
Nendofthe  iftand  ofGrenadsL  After 
the  year  i6jo  thf-French  gradually  exter- 
minated tb«Charaibe»;  neavthisplacethey^- 
butchered  40  of  them  on  the  fpot ;  and 
40  others,  who  had-  eftaped  the  fword, 
threw  themfelves  headlong  into  the  fea 
from  this  precipice,  and  nriferably  perilh- 
ed.  A  beautiful  young  girl,  of  zt  or  13 
years  of  age,  who  was  taken  alive,  became 
the  object  of  difpute  between  two  of  the 
French  officers,  each  claiming  her  as  a 
lawful  prize,  when  a  third  of  thofe  white 
favages  put  an  end  to  the  conted,  by 
{Iiooting  the  girl  through  the  head. 

5<i2/,X«»{-,oppofite  the  third  townflup 


on  Ihcrivcr  St.  Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  is  the 
greateft  rapid  on  this  river.  The  cur- 
rent runs  with  great  velocity ;  very  few 
accidents,  however,  have  happened  in 
palling  this  rift,  there  being  no  fuddeu 
fa''  In  it,  except  at  the  foot  of  the  Saflc 

SmytL 
Savage,  a  fmall  river  of-  Maryland, 
which  runs  fouthward  through  Allegha- 
nyco.and  empties  into  the  Patowmac  W 
of  George's  Creek.  Its  mouth  is  11  milvt 
S  W  of  Fort  Cumberland,  and  48  S  E  of 
the  mouth  of  Cheat  river.  Boats  carry- 
ing 10  tons  can  reach  Alexandria  in  4  or 
5day»,but  will  takedouUc  tlic  time  to 
return. < 

Savage  Creei,  a  fifiAlf  bay  On  the  N  W 
coaftof  Newfoundlandrnear  the  weftern 
entrance  of  the-  bayx>f  Mouco,  and  20 
leagues  N  E  of  Cape  Ferrol. 

Savage  IJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
about  33  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  inhabited 
hy  favagcs.  It  is  overrun  with  buflies, 
and  has  no-  jjort.'  S  lat.  19  4,  W  ion. 
169  30. 

Savage  IJldndy  Great,  in  Hudfon's  Strait?. 
N'lat.  6»  aj,  Wlon.  7a  High  water,  at 
full  and  change,  at  lo'o'clock. 

Savage  IJlandfLeiuer,  in  the  fame  (traits, 
has  high  water  at  full  and  change  at  9 
o'clock.    N  lat.  6i  48,  W  Ion.  66  aa 

Savage  Point,  Upper,  on  the  V  fide  of 
Hudfon's  Straits,  S  £  of  Cape  Charles, 
and  helps  to  form  the  ifiand  of  Good 
Fortune.  • 

Savage  Sound,  a  pafiTage  in  thi  N  part 
of  the  Welcome  Sea,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  in- 
to Repulfe  Bay.    It  is  but  little  known. 
Savage't  Pofl,  at  the  Rocklahding,   10 
mil£s  below  the  Falls  of  Oconee  river. 

Savannah,  a  bay  at  the  £  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua,  a  little  W  of  Indian 
Creek. 

Savannah  Channel,  towards  the  S  E 
point  of  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, W  of  Port  Morant  Harbour. 

Savannah,  a  port  of  entry  audpoft  town 
of  Georgia,  and  formtsrly  the  metropolis 
of  the  (late,  in  Chatham  co.  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  river  Savannah,  on  ;a  high  fandy 
bhiff,  17  miles  from  the  ocean.  Veflcls 
unload  a  part  of  their  cargo  4  miles  be- 
low, as  there  is  but  14  feet  water  in  the 
river  at  the  town.  The  town  is  regular- 
ly built,  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogran', 
and,  including  its  fuhurhs,  contained,  in 
1787,  about  a,3CX3  inhabitants,  of  whom 
about  80  or  90  were  Jews.  About  3C0 
houfes  were  confumed  by  fire  in  the  fall 
of  1 796.    The  exports  for  one  year,  end- 

n 


la,  is  the 
he  cur- 
•ry  few 
ened  in 

fuddcu 

Sa&t. 
Smyth. 
faryland, 
Allegha- 
«vmac  \V 
I  a  I  mill'* 
,8  S  E  of 
»t8  carry- 
ia  in  4  or 
fi  time  to 


fame  ftraits, 
change  at  9 

,  66  aa 

t  l>  fide  of 
pe  Charles, 
id  of  Good 


S  A  V 

ingihe  30th  September,  1794,  amounted 
to  the  value  of  163,830  dollars.  This  ci- 
ty was  bravely  defended  by  the  Britifh 
general  Prevoft,  againd  a  I'uperior  force, 
headed  by  Count  d'Edaingand  Gen.  Lin- 
coln. The  allies  made  a  fatal  and  unfuc- 
cefsful  attack  oQ  the  i8th  of>  Otflober, 
1779,  when  they  were  obliged  to  retreat, 
after  having  from  1000  to  1100  men 
.killed  and  wounded.  It  is  119  miles 
N  by  £  of  St.  Mary's,  13a  S  W  by  S  from 
Augufta,  925  in  a  like  diredkion  from 
Philadelphia,  and  653  from  Wafliington. 
N  lat.'3a  3,  W  lon^gi  24. 

Saviinnab  River,  divides  the  ftate^of 
Georgia,  from  that  of  S.  Cakoliaa,  and 
purfues  a  courfe  nearly  from  N  W  to  S  £. 
It  is  formed  chiefly  of  two  branches,  the 
Tugelo  and  Keowee,  which  Ipring  from 
the  mountains,  and  unite  under  the  name 
of  Savannah,  15  miles  N  W  of  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  Wilkes  CO.  Itis  navigable 
for  large  veflcis  1 7  miles  up  to  Savannah, 
and  for  boats  of  100  feet  keel  to  Auguda. 
After  a  fall  juft  above  this  place,  it  is  palT- 
able  for  boats  to  the  nK>uth  «f  Tugelo 
river.  After  it  takes-  the,name  of  Sa- 
vannah, at  the  confluence  of  the  Tugek> 
and  Keowee,  itr^eceivcs  a  number  of 
tributary  ftreams,  from  the  >Georgia  fide, 
the  principal  of  which  is  Broad  rijrer. 
Tybec  Bar,  at  the  entrance  of  Savannah 
river,  has  16  feet  water  Mt  half  tide.  Ty- 
iKe  light  houfe  lies  in  lat.  34  N,  and  Ion. 
81  10  W,  and  from  thence  to  Port  Royal 
is  6  leagues  N  £  ^  E.  The  flood  in  this 
river  was  fo great  in  Ftob.  1796,.  that  the 
water  rofe  35  feet  above  its  ordinary  lev- 
el, and  9  feet  4  inches  higher  than  was 
ever  known  before.  In  Augafla,  the 
Areets  were  plied  by  boats  which  could 
carry  15  tons. 

Savannah  Jiiver,  Little,  falls  into  the  gutf 
of  Mexico,  N  W  of  St.  Jofeph's  Bay. 

Savannah  la  Mar,  at  the  E  end  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,-  is  a  fettlement  on 
the  S  fide  of  the  bay  of  Samana,  oppofite 
the  city  of  Samana  on  the  Nfide,  and  lies 
between  the  bay  of  Pearls,  (which  is  an 
excellent  port)  and  the  Point  of  Icaque. 
It  has  its  governor  and  redtnr,  and  is  fit- 
uated  at  the  end  of  a  plain,  which  is  more 
than  10  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and  4  wide 
from  N  to  S.  I'he  city  of  Samana  and 
this  town  were  both  begun  in  1756,  and 
together  do  not  contain  more  than  500 
fouls.  The  anchorage  here  is  only  fit  for 
fmall  veflels.  Shallows  and  breakers  ren- 
der the  navigation  very  dangerous  be- 
:tween  this  and  the  poiut  of  icaque,  4^ 
Jeagues  diftant. 


SCA 

Savannah  la  Mar,  on  the  9  fide  of  Xli* 
Ifiand  of  Jamaica,  in  Cornwallis  county, 
has  good  anchorage  tor  large  veflfcls.  It 
was  almod  entirely  deftroyed  by  a  dread- 
ful hurricane  and  inundatiom  of  the  fea, 
in  1780.  It  is  now  partly  rebuilt,  and 
contains  from  60  to  70  houfes.  It  heari 
from  Bluefield's  Point  W  by  N  ^  N  about 
3  leagues.    N  lat.  18  12,  W  Ion.  786. 

Saverio,  a  cape  or  point  on  the  N  co.id 
of  S.  America,  on  that  part  called  the 
Spanifh  Main.  Between  it  and  the  itl- 
land  Barbarata  is  the  opening  to  the  ifland 
of  Bonaire. 

Savilla,  St.  a  fmall  town  of  Georgia,  64 
miles.  S.  of  Savannah,,  and  6j  N  of  St. 
Mary's. 

Savoy,  a  lownfliip  in  Berkfln're  co.  Maf- 
fachufctts,  incorporated  in  1 797.  Inhab- 
itants 430. 

Sbuiyer'i Ferry,*  fmall  port  town  of  N. 
V  Carolina,  14  miles  from  NLxontou. 

S^wyer*s,Ot  ^fftraHores,  IJIaml,  on  the  W 
coaft  of  Mexico  ;  is  fniall,  and  has  on  its 
S  E  fide  a  fmall  creek  of  its  name,  which 
boats  can  only  enter  at  high  water.  It  is 
It  miles  frcnn  the  Bar  of  Realejo. 

Saxa/)/thatv,  the  upper  part  of  the  N 
W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  in  N.  Car- 
olina. It  'is  formt'd  by  Aramanche  .and 
Deep  river's,  and  it  is  laid  may  be  made 
navigikble  Cor  boats  about  50  miles. 

Saxegotha,.,*  village  in  S.  Carolina,  on 
the  fouthera  bank  of  Congaree  river  ; 
about48.TiilesNW  of  Augu(la,in  Georgia. 

'Saxtans-Rher,  in  Vermont, empties  in- 
tathe  Conne<Sticut  at  AVeflminfter. 

baybrooi,  a.  poft  town  of  ConnetSticut, 
Middiefcxco.  on  the  W  fide  of  the  mouth 
of  Connecticut  river,  acrofs  which  is  a 
ferry,  on  the  road  leading  to  New  Lon- 
don. It  is  36  milts  E  of  New  Haven,  i8 
rWof  New  London,  and  367  from  Walh- 
ington.  iThis  is  the  moll  ancient  town 
in  the -ftate,  having  been  fettled  by  Mr. 
Fenwick  in  1634,  who  gave  it  its  pref- 
ent  name  in  honor  of  Lord  Say  and  Seal 
and  Lord  Brook.  It  has  3363  inhabitants. 

Scarborough,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  in 
Cumberland  co.  on  the  fca  coifl,  between 
Pepperclborough  and  Cape  Elizabeth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1658  :  contains 
2099  inhabitants  ;  lies  113  miles  north- 
erly of  Bofton,  and  600  from  Waihingtou. 

Scarborough  Toivnjhip,  noted  for  its  high 
banks,  is  in  tlic  E  riding  of  the  co.  of 
York,  U.  Canada,  and  lies  W  of  the 
townfliip  of  Pickering,  fronting  lake 
Ontario. 

Scarlorough  Cove,  in    the   harbour   of 

Chcbii6lo, 


M 


■4 


SCH 

^hebuAo,  on  the  fouiliern  coaAof  Nova 
Scotia,  it  on  the  middle  of  tlie  W  iidc  of 
Cornw>ilii(  inaiul.  It  in  3  or  6  furlongs 
broad,  and  nearly  the  fame  in  depth. 

Syarboioiigb,  a  town  and  fort  in  the  ifl- 
tnd  of  Ttibago,  in  tijc  W.  Indie*. 

Hcaroon,  Lake,  in  Wafliingcon  co.  N.  Jer- 
sey, has  a  poA  office,  and  liet  41,1  milts 
from  Wafliinifton. 

Scarflute,  a  townlhip  in  SV.  Cheftcrco. 
N.  York,  hounded  W  by  Bronx K.  and  S  by 
N.Rociielk.    It  contains  238  inhabitants. 

SejtMri,a,  fmali  uninhabited  illand  on 
the  eaflern  coafl  of  Cape  Breton.  It  is 
about  6  miles  long  and  %  bruud,  It  icrves 
a»  a  ilictlcr  to  a  bay  front  the  K  and  6,  call- 
ed Men.iduu,  or  Panadou  Bay.  N  lat. 
46  3,  W  Ion.  J5(  iS-  It  wai)  formerly 
called  Little  Cape  Breton. 

Scauyart,  a  river  of  N.  York,  which  if- 
Aies  from  the  N  Ecorner  of  Seneca  Lake, 
and  feparating  the  townlhips  of  Komulu^ 
and  Junius  on  ihc  N|  empticg  into  Cayu- 
ga lake. 

Scbatecoie,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in 
Rennilacr  co  N  of  Lanlinburg.  It  has 
3352  inhabitants. 

Sebacadcro,  a  fmall  village  on  the  Iflh< 
mus  of  Darieu  ;  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
tnouth  of  the  river  Santa  Marie,  on  a  rif- 
ing  ground,  open  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Mich- 
ael. It  has  a  line  rivulet  of  f  refli  water, 
and  fcrves  as  a  place  of  reliclhment  to 
the  miners.  The  frcfli  breezes  from  ihe 
fea  render  it  very  healthy.  N  lat.  7  jo, 
Wlon,  dij. 

Scblcffcr  Fort,  or  Sliijher,  in  the  ftate  of 
N.  York,  is  on  the  cattcrn  fide  of  Niagara 
river,  near  the  celebrated  falls,  on  the  N 
bank  of  a  bend  of  the  river,  and  oppofiie 
to  the  N  W  end  of  Navy  Illand. 

Scbot/ae,z  townlliip  in  RenHelaer  cu.  N. 
York,  taken  from  Renflelaerwick,and  in- 
-  corporatcd  in  1795.  It  is  14  miles  S  £  of 
Albany  ;  and  has  3688  inhabitants. 

Sehoenbruim,  or  the  Beautiful  Sj  ring,  one 
of  the  cafternmoH  Icttlements  of  tiic  Mo- 
ravians on  Mufliingum  river.  See  GnaJ- 
enhuetttn  This  iettlement  of  Chriltiun 
Indians  was  eflabliflied  in  1 7  7  z,  on  a  tradl 
of  land  granted  by  the  Delaware  tribe. 
In  1775,  the  chapel,  wluch  could  conti.in 
joo  people,  was  found  too  Iniall  for  the 
hearers,  who  came  in  great  numbers.  It 
was  fitualed  about  70  miles  from  Luke 
Erie,  and  75  W  from  Triedenftadt.  It  had 
a  good  fpring  ;  a  fmali  hke  ;  good 
planting  grounds  ;  mueli  game  ;  and  ev- 
ery other  convenience  for  the  fupportof 
au  Indian  colony.   It  appears  that  a  large 


SCH 

fortified  Indian  town  formerly  flood  licrr; 
fomc  ramparts  and  the  ruiiim-l  three  In- 
dian  fortH  being  Hill  vifil)le  Hit  Dda- 
wares  yr  luted  10  the  Cl»riftian  IiuIihd^ 
.ill  tile  tract  irom  the  entrance  01  Ockcl- 
muckpccliui  Ilk  Creik  intii  th..  Muimii< 
gum,  to  Tulearawi.  i  his  thriving,  iettle- 
ment was  deflroyed  inijSa,  when  the 
Huron  Indi.iiiscariiid  the  inhabitants  to 
Sandulky  ;  and  when  tliefe  iie;ictablt  In- 
dians were  jHrniitui,!  to  return  to  rt.tp 
their  harvcft,  thty  tvtre  crutlly  huteliertJ 
by  the  Aiiuricau  letiiir*,  while  pr.miiig 
Goii  and  toigiviug  their  enemies.  Con- 
grtL.in  Stpt.  i78>s,f;rrtnttd  .loooacro  of 
l.inu  iiere  (o  the  lociety  ui  the  United 
Brethren  for  the  purpoJe  ol  propagatin;; 
tilt  goijiel 

Scoo/jtirii,  a  CO.  if  N.  York,  iakv...  from 
Albany  and  Oilego  counties,  and  incoi- 
poraled  in  179.;.  The  land  is  variegatcU 
with  hilis  ;  is  in  general  lertile  and  wtll 
watered  hy  bchoharie,  Cobus  Kill,  and 
I'everal  other  ftreams.  The  county  is 
hounded  N  by  Montgomery,  S  by  Ulfter, 
£  by  Albany,  and  W  by  Otftgo.  By  11 
law  pHfled  17th  March,  1797,  this  county 
was  divided  into  the  Hx  following  towns, 
viz.  Schoharie,  Middleberg,  Blenheim, 
Bridul,  Cobleikill,  and  Sharon.  It  ron- 
tains  9808  inhabitants.  "  Perhaps,  (lays 
a  traveller,)  there  is  not  a  more  aflonilli- 
ing  iuftanee  of  petrifae^lion  in  the  wclterii 
world,  than  is  to  be  fecn  about  half  a  mile 
S  £  from  the  court  hoiife  in  Schoharie 
county.  It  is  a  hill,  wliofc  fixe  almoft  en- 
titles it  to  the  appellation  of  a  mountain, 
which  may  be  pronounced  a  mere  ni.iis 
of  petrified  ttidh.  I  went  to  the  top  of 
the  hill  which  is  Ibme  thoufand  feet 
higher  than  the  ground  where  the  court 
houfc  fiunds,  and  ex.imincd  the  rock  as 
I  went  no,  and  then  along  the  top  ot  the 
ridge  for  one  miltv^  The  rock  is  general- 
ly covered  with  a  thin  foil,  but  lies  hare 
at  diliercnt  intervals,  not  far  diftant  from 
each  other,  in  its  whole  extent ;  and  in 
fome  places  projedls  from  the  ground  ten 
or  twelve  feet.  Every  inch  of  the  rock 
exhibits  petrified  fliells  in  their  perfect 
form.  In  one  place  I  broke  ofif  a  piece 
of  the  rock,  in  a  deep  fiflure.  10  feet  from 
the  furface  of  the  rock,  and  found  it  to  be 
of  the  lame  compofition.  Wherever  the 
rock  IS  cxpofcd  to  the  fun,  it  refemblcs 
brimflone  ;  where  it  is  hid  from  the  fun,  it 
is  dark,  coarfe  and  rough.  It  feems  to  be 
compofed  wholly  of  river  (liells  ;  I  could 
find  no  oyftcr  fhells.  There  is  one  thing 
particularly  worthy  of  remark.  Aithoughit 

ii 


h  a  r!dg( 

petrified 

bly  run 

which  a  J 

feiilly  pel 

Schuhat 

above  CO. 

and  is  om 

ing  towns 

are  1696, 

and  40  mi 

Scljoburi 

of  about  't 

Mountain 

river   at 

branch  of 

On  tlic  E 

wftts  name 

•Sc/h.oJucI 

ScoOililt, 

Schuyler, 
Rome, (tan 
nvcr,  7  mil 

Sjbuyler, 

Mohawk  r 
eornpaol  pa 
hove-  the  ti, 

Sihuy!er,.i 
•"cr  CO.  oeti 
ada  Creek,  ! 
German  Fla 
ants,     ft  w,, 

Sikuylers 

W  Of  Lake 
and  4  or  .T  b 

ScbuyHill, 
which  rifes  I 
tains,  throug 
champaign  c 
fijurcc  upwai 
«(ftion,  and 
Philadelphia, 
pofite  Mud  II 
cify.      It  will 
Reading,  8j 
when  the  cai 
completed,     r 
and  alfo  form 
Delaware  abo 
floating  bridge 
'og'  faftencd 
the  water,  in  t 
A  bridge  of  thi 
en  arch  reftin^ 
«Pe<aed  will 
oftheyear  180. 
•tetftreet.     It  i 
and  cnterprife 
pottom  30  feet 
«>  Its  extreme  1 


SCH 


RCI 


lod  hcrr; 
thrcL  In- 
l,c  D.la. 

)\  Oi-Wcl- 
MlllK  Mi- 
ll^', Ititk- 
,llCil  ttic 
JitiUltS  to 

;c;il>ic  In- 
i  to  ri.n> 
|)Uti:lii;i:il 
^  ^ji'.iiliiig 
ics.  Con- 
)0  acri.!i  of 
lie  United 
rop;ij;aiini; 

Lak^.:  frcm 
and  incoi- 
varitgatea 
e  and  well 
s  Kill,  and 

county  '\f< 
S  liy  UKtcr, 
It  go.  By  » 
this  county 
wing  towns, 
,  Bttnlicim, 
on.  It  ron- 
[rhaps,  (lays 
[)re  aflouilli- 

thc  wcllcin 

half  a  mil': 
Schoharie 

;e  alinoft  tn- 
ja  mountain, 
mere  nials 
|o  the  top  of 
jufand    tcti 
:re  the  court 
the  rock  as 
top  ot  the 
.  is  general- 
jut  lies  bare 
diftantlVoin 
|tnt ;  and  in 
ground  ten 
ol  the  lock 
iheir  perfcA 
e  off  a  piece 
lo  ftet  Irom 
jundittobc 
heicvtr  the 
[it  refemblcs 
Hntheiun,it 
feems  to  he 

■lis  ;    I  could 

is  one  thing 
Althoughit 

ii 


h  a  rulgc  fo  tkv.itrd,  tlmt  no  water  of  a 
pttrifitd  quality,  or  otJicrsvil'c,  can  polii- 
hty  run  titerc,  I  faw  a  bcncli  ot  moli, 
v'hich  a  gcntlcmnn  had  found  there  pcr- 
letitiy  pe tf  ified."  liaLitice. 

Schobiirie,  the  principal  town  in  tlie 
above  CO.  ii  on  Schoharie  Creek  or  river, 
and  \f>  one  of  the  wealtliiell  inland  faru)' 
iug  towuD  in  the  Hate.  I  lie  inliabitaiits 
are  i696,ci)ieny  Dutch.  It  i»  between  jo 
and  40  miles  W  of  Albany. 

Schoharie  River,  runit  a  nortlierly  coiirfc 
of  about  80  miles  trom  the  Kaats'  Kill 
Mountain!),  and  empties  into  Mohawk 
river  at  lort  Hunter.  The  weflcrn 
branch  of  this  river  is  called  Coluis  Kill. 
On  tlic  E  fide  of  Cubus  is  the  lettlcmeut 
erf  its  name. 

SchoiiJuci.  Sec  I'reiuhment  Bay,  and 
Scooilici, 

Schuyler, Fort,  Neiv,  in  thetownfliip  of 
Rome,  Hands  on  the  W  tide  of  Moliawlc 
river,  7  miles  W  ot  Whitcftown. 

SJwy.'er,  Fort,  OtJ,  is  On  the  S  f.dc  of 
Mohawk  river,  3  miles  £  N  £  ot  the 
I'limpaol  part  of  Whiteftown,  and  io  a- 
hove  the  German  tlats.     See  Utica. 

SthuyUr,,i  townlhipof  N.  York,  Hcrkc- 
mer  co.  Octwcen  Mohtnvk  river  and  Can- 
ada Creek,  20  miles  above  the  town  of 
Gtrman  Flats.  It  contains  9^)5  inliabit- 
ants.      It  Was  incoriiorated  in  I7<;z. 

Schuyler's  Liiic,  In  N.  York,  is  10  miles 
W  of  Lake  Otltf;<.'.  It  is  9  miles  long, 
and  4  or  5  broad. 

SchuyUill,  A  river  ol  Pennfvlvania, 
which  lifts  N  W  of  the  Kittatinny  Moun- 
tains, through  which  it  pafl'es  into  a  iiiic 
champaign  country,  and  rune,  from  its 
fouree  upwards  of  120  miles  in  a  S  E  di- 
reftion,  and  pafling  through  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  falls  into  the  Delaware,  op- 
pofite  Mud  Ifland,  6  or  7  miles  below  the 
city.  It  will  be  navigable  from  above 
Reading,  83  or  90  miles  to  us  mouth, 
when  the  canal  begun  at  Norriton  is 
completed.  This  will  pafs  by  the  falls, 
and  aire  form  a  communication  with  the 
Delaware  above  the  city.  There  are  3 
floating  bridges  thrown  acrofs  it,  made  of 
logs  fadened  together,  and  lying  upon 
the  water,  in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia. 
A  bridge  of  this  river,  condOing  of  a  wood- 
en arch  refting  on  two  Aone  piers,  it  is 
expcAcd  will  be  completed  in  the  courfe 
ofthcyear  1804.  Itisat  thcWcndofMar- 
ket  ftreet.  It  is  a  work  of  great  expenfe 
and  enterprifc.  The  weftern  pier  is  at 
bottom  30  feet  broad  and  71  feet  6  inches 
in  its  extreme  length ;  its  ends  batng  fitnt- 


ciroular.  Tliii  nicr  is  of  folid  mafonrr, 
and  has  72.53  loi  ■)  in  its  loiiridation,  wlmli 
is  29  feet  btUnv  low  witcr  mark.  It  was 
iiigun  on  Chridmas  day,  and  in  40  days 
from  ncccllity  ciiiupkttd.  Little  Smylit/t 
/J/i'cr  (alls  into  this  river  IVoni  tlic  N,  at 
Rcaduig.  On  the  Ix.ad  watci  s  of  ifchuvl- 
kill  are  quantiiits  of  (oal. 

Stiolo  Jiiver,  which  talis  Into  the  Ohio, 
in  the  (lute  of  Ohio,  is  larger  than  the 
Hockhocking,and  optns  a  more  cxtenlive 
navigation.  It  is  pallablc  lor  large  barg*  - 
es  lor  2CO  milts,  with  a  portage  of  (inly  4 
miles  to  the  Sanduiky,  a  hoatiible  water 
wliich  falls  into  lake  £rie.  Throiigh  the 
Sandiilky  and  Sriuto  lies  the  molt  cuni> 
nion  pals  from  Canada  to  the  Ohio  and 
Mill'ilippi ;  one  cl  the  moll  cxtenlive  and 
uieiul  couununications  to  he  found  in  any 
country.  Prodigious  extenfions  of  tcr- 
I  itory  are  here  eoniuttid  ;  and,  from  the 
r:<pidity  with  which  the  wtllcrn  parts  of 
Ca>iad;>,  Lake  Erie,  and  thu  Kentucky 
countries  are  fettling,  \\c  may  anticipate 
an  iinnienru  intcrcourl'e  between  them. 
The  flour,  corn,  flax  and  hemp,  raifed  for 
exportation  in  that  great  country  between 
the  Lakc!t  Huron  and  Ontario,'  will  find 
an  outlet  through  Lake  Erie  and  thele 
rivers,  or  down  the  Miihlippi.  '1  he  O- 
hio  merchant  can  give  a.  higher  price 
til. in  thole  of  Quebec  for  thefc  commod* 
itits  ;  as  ihcy  niiiy  be  tranfported  froni 
the  foriiur  to  Nc.v  Orleans  and  the  Weft 
Indies, with  Idsexjuurcriik  andinfurance 
than  from  the  latter  ;  while  the  expenfe 
from  the  place  or  growth  to  the  Ohirt 
will  not  be  ^  of  what  it  would  be  to  Que- 
bec, and  much  lefs  than  even  to  the  Onei- 
da Lake.  The  ftream  of  the  i-cioto  it 
gentle,  no  where  broken  by  falls.  At 
loinc  places,  in  the  fpring  of  the  year,  it 
overflows  its  banks,  providing  for  large 
natural  rice  plantation::.  Salt  fprings, 
coal  mines,  white  and  blue  clay,  and  free- 
ftone,  abound  in  the  country  adjoining 
this  river.  Its  mouth'is  in  N  lat.  38  40, 
W  Ion.  83  30  ;  about  300  miles  below 
Pittfburg,  and  is  navigable  to  its  fouree 
in  canoes. 

Scioto,  a  county  in  the  ftate  of  Chilli 
Scifio,  a  port  town  of  N.  York,  Onon- 
dago  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Cayuga  Lake, 
14  miles  S  E  of  Geneva,  39  S  W  by  W 
of  Onondago,and  448  from  Wafliington. 
This  townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1794, 
and  comprehends  that  part  of  the  land* 
referved  to  the  Cayuga  nation  of  Indians, 
on  the  £  fide  of  the  Cayuga  Lake.  The 
county  courts  of  Onondago  co,  arc  held 

ax 


"  ■■  ■  I 


SCO 


SEA 


«t  Mifiliii'  ami  fc'cipio  altfrnatcly.  The 
laiidft  :ire  very  tcrtilc.  'I'tie  courts  arc 
4t  prcfcitt  hi.1'1  in  (lie  plcafani  village 
ui  .UrBt.i,  on  tlic  l»ank  uf  Cayuga  Lake. 

iSf 'lu'i/t, .{ pill)  town  ol  MalLici)ufctts,o>i 
ihf  li.«y   1)1   tli.ir  name,  in    I'lymoiitli  co. 
,p  milit  S  K  III  Uoriiiii.     It  w.is  iiicorpo- 
racJiii  ii'iHi 'iixt  c'liitxins  2738  liiliMh- 
jiaiiti.       Rcituitc    li.irboiir    is    N  W  of ; 
Marllifidd  Point,  and  S8  £  of  the  Had-  | 
dock   Rock,  nud  ahoiit  if>  milcit  north-  ! 
ward  ot  I'lvmoiith.in  the  dircrfHonof  the  • 
land*    A  inili|]oiid  in  thin  town  bring  fiid- 
dcnly  drawn  otF  hy  a  lirtach  in  the  dain, ' 
in  the  winter  fcal'on,  fonif  yearn  »<^n,  t  x- 
hibited  a  mjtter  of  fpcculation  to  m.iny 
of  the  inhabitants.      Ihc   Iwinc  uf  (he 
neighbourhood  rooted  ii|i  itoiifc  IwctMows  , 
in  great  quantities,  fr(<m  the  r|>ot  wlticit 
the  water  had  left,  which  tlwy  ate  greed- 
ily.    Swallows  have  been  found  in  i'eve- 
ral  other  placcH  ;  at  F.gg  Harbour,  in  N. 
Jerfcy,  in  a  marfliy  place,. a  large  cedar 
being  blown    down,  a  vafl  number  of  ; 
fwallowi  were  found  in  the  mud  of  tUe 
root.  I 

Scltuate,  a  towndiip  of  Rhode   Ifland, 
Providence  co.  between  Foftcr  and  John-  { 
Aon.     It  cootaini  252.)  inhabitants.    It  is  | 
a;  miles  N  W  of  Newport,  and  11  S  W  | 
by  W  of  Providence.    On  the  line  which 
feparates  the  town  from  Kent  co.  on  the 
S,  is  the  foundcry  for  cannon  and  bells, 
called  the  Hope  Furnace. 

StooJUi,  A  river  of  Wafliington  co. 
Maine.  It  is  properly  an  arm  of  the  in- 
ner bay  of  PalTamaquodcly.  De  Mons  and 
Champlain  called  it  Ftchemins.  Its  main 
fourc^.'  is  near  Pcnobfcot  river,  to  which 
the  Indians  have  a  communication  ;  the 
carrying  place  acrofs  is  but  3  miles. 
Scondick  lakes  lie  in  a  chain  between 
Scoodick  and  Penobfcot  livers. 

Se$fcl>  Fluint,  a  village  in  EITex  co.  N. 
TerfcyiOn  a  N  £  branch  of  Rariton  river, 
between  Weftfield  and  Turky  ;  11  miles 
V/  of  Elizabeth  Town,  and  as  far  north- 
ward of  N.  Brunfwick. 

Scotland,  Ntti,  a  village  of  N.  Carolina, 
J^alifax  CO.  where  is  a  pod  office,  396 
'milM  from  Philadelphia,  and  250  from 
Wafliington. 

Sett/and  Ntw.     See  Nova  Scoth. 

Scotland  Rivtr,  in  the  ifland  of  Barba- 
•does,  is  fcarcely  deferving  notice,  other- 
wife  than  being  almod  the  only  rivulet  in 
.the  iflaitd,  except  St.  Jofeph  s,  another 
^mall  brook.  It  rifcs  in  St.  Andrew's  par- 
4fli,  and  falls  into  Long  Bay  on  the  £  fide 


of  the  ifland,  »1  miles  N  \V  of  St.  Jofeph'* 
river. 

Scott,  a  CO  of  Kentucky,  which  containa 
^()S'}  inhabitants  of  whom  1787  are  flaves. 
A  fpring  of  lalt  water  has  lately  been  dir> 
covered  inthisco.  afterdigging  and  boring 
more  than  70  feet.  Lefs  than  aoo  gallons 
of  its  water,  make  a  budtel  of  fait. 

S.nh  Bay,  on  the  S  W.coaA  of  the  illand 
of  Doaiinica,  towards  iheS  extremity  of 
the  illand.  It  lies  in  St.  Martin's  parilh, 
having  Scots  Mead  on  the  S,  and  Vaugh- 
an's  Point  on  the  N. 

Scots  Cu've,oa  thcS  W  part  of  Jamaica  I. 

Scoiijlutrglj,  a  poll  town  in  Halifax  cu. 
■Virginia,  256  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Scotuhegan  Falls,  in  Kennebcck  river, 
Maine,  arc  near  the  town  of  Canaan. 
Boat-,  cannot  pafi  this  fall. 

Srrivan,  a  good  harbour  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  Ulhniuit  of  Daricn,  but  fo  full  of  rocks 
at  the  entrance,  that  none  can  pafs  it  with 
fafcty,  but  fuch  as  are  acquainted  there. 
It  is  3  leagues  W  of  Sanballet  Point,  and 
X  7  £  of  Porto  Bello.  N  lat.  9  40,  W  lou. 
7849- 

StrivM,  a  T«o.  in  .the  lower  didridl  of 
Georgia.  It  contains  3019  inhabitants,  of 
whom  766  are  flavej. 

Sitoon,  or  Scareon  Laie,  in  N.  York,  lie;* 
W  of  Lake  George,  and  is  a  dilatation  of 
the  N  branch  of  Hudfon's  R.  It  is  about 
IX miles  long  and  i  wide.  A  fmall  but 
rapid  Aream  enters  into  it,  vvhich,  ip 
Montgomery  co.  runs  under  a  hill,  the 
bafc  of  which  is  60  or  70  yards  diameter, 
forming  a  moA  curi<;us  and  beautiful  arch 
in  the  rock,  as  white  as  fnow.  The  fury 
of  the  water  and  the  roughnefs  of  the 
bottom,  added  to  the  terrific  noife  within, 
has  hitherto  prevented  any  perfon  from 
pafling  through  the  chafm. 

Scrub  IJLmd,  one  of  the  fmallcr  Virgin 
Iflands,  W  of  Virgin  Gorda,  and  E  of  the 
N  end  of  Tortola,  on  which  it  dependf. 
Nlat.  18*5,  Wlon.6»  J7. 

SeuH  Camp,  a  poA  town  in  Surry  co.  N. 
Carolina,  410  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Seabrook,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
Rockingham  co.  on  the  road  from  Portf- 
mouth  to  Newburyport ;  about  16  miles 
S  of  the  former,  and  6  northerly  of  the 
latter.  It  was  formerly  part  of  Hampton; 
was  incorporated  in  1768,  and  contains 
6a8  inhabitants. 

Seatoitnet  Point  and  Roch,  the  S  extrem- 
ity  of  the  eaAern  fliore  which  forms  the 
entrance  of  Narraganfet  Bay,  Rhodi  IH- 
and ;  about  6  miles  £  S  £  of  Newport. 

Sial 


Meal  I 

Maine. 

Ill  and  the 

to  Matir 

N  lat.  44 

.v.  ,1/  Hi. 

F.   to  IIu 

tics  eaAw 

Sea  Oit,- 

America, 

N  lat.  5,5  1 

Sear/iuf^ 

nin;;ton  ci 

Sravtiy*^ 
Seiaco,  j{ 
Mexico,  I J 
4J  N  £  of 
Sfbacooi, 
Maine,  18 
e({ual  in  exi 
i»  conneftci 
W  by  Sung 
txtent  of  t 
N  W  and  S 
Sebar/'nta^ 
«f  Oronoco 
iliips. 

Stba/t-odtag 

SekiflacooJ^ 

in  lakes  nea 

in  its  windin 

flreams,  and 

connctFall,\ 

•ft  1754.    Tl 

Weflcrn,  wh 

numerous  Ar 

M  alewives,  i 

Sebaftian,  ( 

the  Gulf  of  J 

Spanifli  Mai 

Weftern  point 

Was  formerly 

ed  on  accoun 

tion. 

Sebajlsan,  d 

fornla.     N  lat 

Sebajlsan,  St 

the  Rio  de  Ja 

t«l  of  the  prov 

contained  in  i 

then  taken  96 

of  whom  were 

«1  coloBr.    TJ 

fides  here.     T 

«s  ftreets  of  xo 

^  right  angles 

""■ee  ftories  hia 

{"r  ftorcs,  Aabi 

formly  dwell  01 

B'«cc  has  mor 


T 


SE  B 


SEE 


(fcph'j 

mtaini 
flavts. 
en  dil- 
borin;;, 
gitllou* 

e  ilUn^ 
mity  of 
parilli, 
VaugU- 

imaica  I. 
ilifax  cu. 
ngtoii. 
k    river, 
Canaan. 

E  fide  of 

of  rocks 
ifs  it  with 
ted  there, 
'oint,  and 
^0,  W  lou. 

dinrift  of 
ibitantSjof 

York,  lie* 

latation  of 

It  is  about 
fmall  but 
>vhich,  ip 

1  hill,  the 
diameter, 

lutiful  arch 
The  fury 

lefs  of  the 
life  within, 
jrfon  from 

ilcr  Virgin 
lid  E  of  the 
\t  deyendf. 

lurry  co.  N. 

Tiington. 
lampftiire, 

from  Portf- 
ut  x6  milu 
erly  of  the 
f  Hampton; 
^d  contains 

■e  S  extrem- 
forms  the 
f,  Rhod*  Ifl- 
iewport. 


,Stjl  If  ami,  M/ril,l,ii,  on  the  Ciuft  of 
M,«iiic.  I'Vom  thciice  to  firaiid  Munan 
III  tiul  the  coutfc  in  I'.  N  K  t  Icigiio  ;  and 
to  Matinicui  I  Hand  W  S  W  a6  league*. 
N  lat.  44  »7'  Wlon.  66  .^z 

SiJ  Rivrr,  in  New  North  Wales,  runs 
F,  to  Hudlon's  i)i»y,  into  which  it  einp- 
ticf  eaftward  of  Mot)lc  river. 

Sta  OtUr  SoumI,  on  the  N.  W'.coaft  «)f  N. 
America,  lies  S  K  of  tiie  Huxy  Iflands, 
N  lat.  55  i8,  W  Ion.  i;,.^  47  .1o. 

Searjiyrglj,n  townlliip  of  Vermont,  Bcn- 
nln;;ton  co.  li  niiliM  V.  of  Beiiuiogfon. 
SfUViiyi  Ijhnd.      SoC  1'jf.jtMli-a  rivfr. 
Scbaco,  an    ifland  on   tlie   W*   toaft  of 
Mexico,  izmile^  N  of  Point  Mariat,  and 
45  N  E  of  Quica'  a. 

Sfbacouk,  or  Seba^o,  a  pond  Of  lake  of 
Maine,  i8  miles  N  W  of  Portland,  is 
equal  in  extent  to  2  large  townfliips,  and 
w  connedtcd  with  I-ong  Pond  on  the  N 
W  by  Sungo,  or  .Songo  river.  The  whole 
extent  of  thefe  waters  is  nearly  30  milea 
N  W  and  S  E. 

Sebarimui  one  of  the  principal  mouths 
of  Oronocu  river  that  is  navigable  for 
fltips. 

Stbitfcodeagan  IJUnd.  See  Harp/well. 
Stbtiftacniii,  a  river  of  Maine,  that  rifcs 
in  lakes  nearly  N  from  its  mouth  ;  and 
in  its  windings  receives  many  tributary 
ftrcams,  and  joins  the  Kennebeckat  Ta- 
connct  Fall,  where  Fort  Halifax  was  eredt- 
in  1754.  The  fall  is  i8  miles  from  Fort 
Weftern,  which  was  built  in  1752.  Irs 
numerous  ftrcams  abound  with  fmall  fiHi, 
as  alcwives,  &c. 

Seiaflian,  Cape  Si.  the  eadom  point  of 
the  Gulf  of  Oarien,  on  the  coall  of  the 
Spanifli  Maine,  is  to  leagues  from  tlie 
Weftern  point  of  Cape  Tiburon.  Here 
was  formerly  a  city,  which  was  abandon- 
ed on  account  of  its  unwholefomc  fitua- 
tion. 

Sdajlian,  Cafe  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Cali- 
fornia.    N  lat.  43,  W  Ion.  126. 

Sebajlian,  St.  iituatcd  at  the  month  of 
the  Rio  de  Janeiro,  lat.  23  S,  is  the  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and 
contained  in  1796,  accord'ng  to  a  cenfus 
then  taken  96,000  inhabitants,  four  fifths 
of  whom  were  blacks  and  people  of  mix- 
ed coloar.  The  vice  king  of  Brazil  re- 
fides  here.  This  city  is  regularly  built, 
its  flreets  of  *o  feet  wide  crofs  eacn  other 
at  right  angles.  The  houl'es  are  two  and 
three  ftories  high.  The  lower  one  is  ufed 
for  ftorcs,  ftables  ^c.  I'he  people  uni- 
formly dwell  on  the  fecond  floor.  This 
filacc  hat  more  commerce  thao  any  in 


rr.»zil.  N.me  but  pleafure  cirri  \j;rs  ai-* 
uCid  here.  Tiie  truckage  &c.  is  tloiif  l>y 
negroes.  furr^Jf. 

S,b.iJlijH  //hnJ,  !Jt.  on  the  loafl  of  IJr.i- 
?,il,  iH  .S  W  by  W  t'riim  tlip  li.iv  of  Angra 
dos  Rev* ;  to  t!ic  calfwinl  of  which  ai'o 
U'vcr.il  oilii )'  idund'i  of  Mt  note.  Slat. 
22  54,  W  Ion.  43  1 1. 

Sekifiin,  St.  a  town  of  Tcvra  FirVna,  oa 
the  F.  iide  of  the  (lulf  ol  O.trion. 

SthtiJlhtH  K'-'ir,  St,  <»r  S/ijir/b  y1i/iriri<l't 
Crel^,^>a  the  j;  roall  cf  l".  1  lorida,  has 
ci>niiminicatio)i  with  tn(!i.<i,  river.  Oppo- 
litc  tills  rivei*  the  admiral  of  the  Plate 
FU'ct  )  lillu"*!  in  1715.  l  c  reft  of  the 
ilt'ft,  14  in  minihcr,  >-t'rc  loft  Leiwcen 
thii  and  the  Ikaih  ya'-;l. 

Srbii/li.i:)  dc  ! .  Pl.it.i,  ••  fir..\ll  placc  in  the 
jurifdicridii  of  Pup-'vai!,  in  tin'  provii..:j 
of  Quito,  6  miles  i-,  K  of  P(  /..van.  Ir 
ftands  on  a  Iar;>:'  pi.iin  on  t!\c  '  Ic  of  the 
river  Cialli,  ami  i i  fiilijctl  t  ■-  ,:  th<juakt!i. 
There  are  filvcr  ininei  in  it  vicinity.  M 
lat.  3  44,  W  Ion.  ',  I  ' 

Silmii,  fmiill  ifl.'t  i<l'  o  >  tiie  coaft  of  Cane 
Breton,  ofT  the  S   _ioint  ot'  Port  Dauphin. 

Secai  IJliimh,  or  Dry  Jf.<i>"lt,  0.1  tlie  W 
coaft  of  N  Mexico,  are  witliin  Haliia  Hon- 
da, or  Deep  Bay,  and  1 2  inilci  from  Point 
Chiriqui.  the  limit  of  t!ic  bay. 

Stchurn,  a  towii  of  Peril,  10  Icarnics  .•» 
of  Piur;;,  on  the  'nnk  of  a  river  iSf  \\\ 
own  nam;',  a  lc.i7ne  from  the  ocean'.  U 
contain',  about  400  f.Hinili<.'s,  pll  Indian- ; 
chiefly  employed  in  (ifliirt^  or  dii\iii;; 
mules.  Tiicv  arc  lemaikalily  ingenioua, 
and  generally  fucceed  in  whatever  they 
undcrti'.ke  The  l^clcrt  of  Scchura  is  .-( 
frightful  wafte  of  fand,  extending  yo 
le?,~  !»'s  to  the  town  of  M'lmpe ;  which' 
fe-      .■■  .at.  J  32  33,  \V  Ion.  79  42. 

.V«»  .'ffi^,  a  tt)wn  of  N.  Spain,  on  tU<f 
Mofquito  ftiorc,  on  the  N  W  fide  01'  tiir 
mouth  of  Golden  river ;  about  100  miles 
from  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios. 
:      Sa/,  Cafe,  a  promontory  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  l8  leagues  from 
the  Havannah. 
i     fi';iuiJ, a  townfliip  of  Maine, Hancock, 
CO.  on  Nafkcag  Point,  which  bounds  Pe- 
,  nobfcot  on  the  N  E.     ft  extends  up  to  the 
j  town  of  Penobfcot,  and  is  315  miles  N  E 
of  Bofton.     It  has  726  inhabitants. 

SeeLhoiiL  River,  is  the  name  of  that  part 
of  Pawtucket  river  below  Pawtuckct 
bridge  and  falls ;  from  which  to  its  mout^J 
at  Fox  Point,  in  the  town  of  Providence^ 
is  a  little  more  than  4  miles.  Over  it 
are  2  bridges,  conncAing  Rhode  Iflani.1, 
with  the  State  of  MaflachufwVts,  vi?.  IrJii 

bridge. 


■I';  I 


T(      ;■■' 


" '  ii 


SEN 


SE  R 


bridge,  and  three  fouiilis  of  a  mile  above 
Vhat,  Central  bridge.       Hce  Pa-zctudct. 

Scctvee  Bay,  or  Bull's  Harbour,  on  the 
coafl  of  S.  Carolina,  lies  nearly  at  an 
equal  diftance  S  W  of  Cape  Roman,  and 
N  E  of  Charlefton  Entrance,  having  fever- 
al  illes  which  form  the  bay. 

Sf^ovia,  Ne-ui,  a  fmall  city  in  the  jurif- 
diiStion  of  Guatimaia,  in  New  !?pain,  ;)0 
milei  N  of  New  Granada.  It  lias  fev- 
eral  gold  mines  in  its  neighbourhood, 
though  the  city  is  fmall  and  thinly  inhab- 
ited.     N  lat.  1241,  Wlon.  87  31. 

Scgiiataiieio,      See  Cheqaetan. 

Sffruin  IJlanJ,  on  the  coall  of  Maine,  is 
one  of  the  fouthernnioft  iilands  in  Cafco 
Bay ;  between  Cape  Small  Point  and 
Georgetown.  There  is  a  light  houfe  on 
this  idand  which  contains  a  repeating 
light,  fo  conftrmTled  as  to  difappearonce 
every  minute  and  a  half,  whichdiftiiiguifli- 
es  it  from  Portland  light.  It  is  furround- 
cd  by  rocks,  rifcs  boldly  from  the  fea  into 
a  high  hill,  z  or  3  miles  from  the  main. 
N  lat.  43  41,  W  Ion.  69  %o. 

Segura  de  la  Fronlera,  a  large  town  in 
the  province  of  Tlaicala,  and  kingdom  of 
Mexico,  70  miles  W  of  Xalappa,  and  in 
the  road  from  Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico. 
The  furrounding  country  has  a  temper- 
ate air,  and  is  remarkably  fruitful,  pro- 
ducing large  quantities  of  corn  and  fruits, 
particularly  grapes.  N  lat.  19  a8,  W 
Ion.  TOO  16. 

Seminolet,  a  divilion  of  the  Creek  nation 
of  Indians.  They  inhabit  the  flat,  level 
country  on  the  rivers  Apalachicola  and 
Flint.      See  Calos. 

Sempronius,  a  poll  tow  n  of  N.  York,  near- 
ly in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  Ononda- 
go.is  ao  miles  SE  from  the  ferry  on  Cay- 
uga Lake,  It  is  within  the  jurifdiiStion 
of  the  townfhip  of  Scipio  and  457  miles 
from  Wafliiugton. 

Stneca,  a  town  of  N.  York,  Onondago 
«o.  lately  bid  off  into  Areets  and  fquares, 
on  the  N  fide  of  Seneca  Falls.  The 
enterprifing  proprietors  have  eredled 
flour  and  faw  mills,  of  the  bed  kind,  on 
this  never  failing  flroam ;  and  from  its 
central  fituatioa,  both  i>y  land  and  water, 
between  the  enflern  and  weftern  coun- 
tries, being  at  the  carrying  place,  it  promil- 
cs  a  rapid  increafe.  The  proprietors 
have  expended  large  Aims  of  money,  not 
only  in  eretEling  mills,  but  in  building  a 
convenient  bridge  acrofs  Seneca  river. 

Seneca  Crttk,  in  Maryland,  has  two 
branches;  onie  of  which  is  called  Little 
Iweca.      It  empties  into  Patowinac  riv- 


er, about  19  mill's  N  W  of  the  mouth  of 
Rock  Creek,  which  feparates  George- 
town zo  from  Wafliington  city. 

Seneca  Late,  in  Ontario  co.  N.  York,  is 
a  handfome  piece  of  water  from  t,s  to  40 
miles  long,  and  about  2  miles  wide.  .\t 
the  N  W  corner  of  the  lake  (lands  the 
town  of  Geneva,  and  on  the  K  lide  be- 
tween it  and  Cayuga,  are  the  towns  ol 
Romulus,  Ovid,  Hedlor  and  Ulyfles,  in 
Onondago  co.  N.  York.  Its  outlet  ii 
Scayace  K.  which  alfo  receives  the  waters 
of  Cayuga  Lake  9  miles  N  E  from  the 
mouth  of  Canada  Saga,  18  miles  below 
Geneva.  On  the  fame  fide  of  the  lake 
flands  the  Friend's  fettlement,  founded 
by  Jemima  Wilkinfon  ;  there  are  80  fam- 
ilies in  it,  each  Iihs  a  fine  farm,  and  are 
quiet,  indiiflrious  people. 

Seneca  River,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, 
has  an  eiifterly  courfe.and  in  its  paflage 
receives  the  waters  of  Seneca  and  Cayu- 
ga lakes,  (which  lie  N  and  S  10  or  i  a  mile* 
apart  ;)  and  empties  into  the  Onondago 
river,  14  miles  below  the  falls,  at  a  place 
called  the  Three  Rivers.  The  river  is 
IVoatablc  from  the  lakes  downwards. 
Within  half  a  mile  of  the  river  is  the  fa- 
mous Salt  Lake. 

Settecas,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  one  of  the 
.9/'*  Nations.  They  inhabit  on  Genefl'ce 
river,  at  the  Geneflee  Caftle.  The  tribe 
confifts  of  about  1 780  fouls.  They  have 
two  towns  of  60  or  70  fouls  each,  on 
French  Creek  in  Pennfylvania,  and  anoth- 
er town  on  BufTaloe  Creek,  and  two  fmall 
towns  on  Alleghany  river. 

Scnter  Harbour,  m  the  N  W  part  of 
Lake  Winnipifeogee 

Scpar.ition  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, is  3  leagues  within  Cape  Pillar,  at 
the  W  end  of  the  Straits,  and  lies  W  ot 
Tuefday  Bay. 

Serena,  La.        See  Coquimlo. 

Seregippe,  a  captaiufliip  of  Brazil,  fo 
named  from  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  run- 
ning through  the  middle  of  it,  and  falling 
mto  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  11  iz  Ji. 
It  is  bounded  N  by  the  river  St.  Francis 
and  S  by  that  of  Todos  los  Santos.  It 
produces  fugar  and  tobacco  in  confidera- 
ble  quantities. 

Seregippe,  the  Capital  of  the  above  cap- 
taiufliip, with  a  harbour  on  the  S.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  40  leagues  N  E  of  St.  Salvadore. 
It  is  fituatedon  a  rifing  ground  on  the  N 
fide  of  Vazabaris  river,  33  miles  from  the 
fta.  It  is  very  inconfiderable  ;  but  has 
fome  filver  mines  in  its  neighbourhcod. 
S  lat.  II  ao,Wlon.  31  a. 

Serpmt, 


SEV 


SHA 


|M.  :1 


3Uth  of 
ieorgc- 

'orlt,  is 
5  to  40 
;.       At 

ids  the 
lide  bi> 
iwna  tu 
yfles,  in 
mtlct  14 
2  waters 
rom  the 

the  lake 
founded 
■  80  fam- 
,  and  are 

N.   York, 
s  palTage 
nd  Cayu- 
r  12  mile* 
Onondago 
at  a  place 
le  river  is 
jwnwardi. 
:  is  the  fa- 
one  of  the 
n  GeneiVee 
[  The  tribe 
They  have 
s  each,  on 
and  anoth- 
two  fmall 


iV  part 


of 


I  of  Magel- 

Pilhir,  at 

lies  \V  of 


Brazil,  fo 
name,  run- 
and  falling 
.t.  II  li^' 
St.  Francis 


antos. 


It 


confidera- 

labove  cap- 

S.  Atlan- 

I.  Salvadore. 

ll  on  the  N 

cs  from  the 
_  _  but  has 
kibourhcoil. 


Serpent,  It,  is  on  the  N  fliore  of  lake  Hu- 
ron, and  lies  E  of  Miflaflaga  river,  and  W 
of  Ille  la  Cloche. 

Serraiia,  an  ille  between  Jamaica  and 
the  coad  of  Nicaragua,  which  took  its 
name  from  one  Serrana,  who  parted  with 
the  fleet  from  Spain,  in  the  time  of  Charles 
V.  and  wa>  fliipwrecked  on  the  rocks  of 
this  idand  ;  but  having  gained  the  fhore 
by  fwimming,  he  found  there  neither 
herbs,  trees,  nor  water,  and  went  over  all 
the  iiland,  which  i:.  about  6  milca  in  cir- 
cuit, without  finding  any  thing  to  quench 
third  or  fatisfy  hqngcr.  PrelTcd  at  laft 
with  extreme  hunger,  lie  caught  fome 
crabs  on  the  fliore,  which  were  liis  food 
for  fome  days ;  and  then  feeing  large  tur- 
tles which  came  afliore,  he  caught  fome 
of  them.  Having  lived  for  three  years 
in  this  manner,  on  crabs  and  turtles,  and 
drank  nothing  but  rain  water  which  he 
gathered  in  turtle  fhells,  he  difcovered 
another  coritpanion  in  misfortune,  who 
had  alfo  been  Ihipwrecked.  This  compan- 
ion was  fome  comfort  to  him,  and  they 
lived  four  <  years  together ;  at  the  end  of 
which  tintBp  veflel  coming  near  the  ifl- 
and,  carrieffuem  both  to  Spain.  The 
laftof  thcfe  died  on  the  way  thither  ;  but 
Sirrana  was  carried  to  Germany,  and  pre- 
fented  to  Charles  V  as  a  kind  of  prodigy, 
for  all  Iiis  body  was  overgrown  with  hair 
like  a  bear,  and  his  beard  came  down  to 
his  waift.  The  emperor  beflowed  on 
him  4803  ducats  to  be  paid  in  Peru  i  but 
he  died  on  his  way  to  Panama,  as  he  was 
going  to  receive  them. 

Stji/ne  Quh/t,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, which  empties  through  the  weft- 
em  bank  of  Illinois  river,  about  180  mileii 
from  the  Miilifippi.  Us  mouth  Is  40 
yards  wide  ;  and  the  land  bordering  on 
u  is  very  good.      It  is  boatable  60  miles. 

Seven  Brothers,  fmall  iflands  on  the  N 
coaft  of  the  ifland.,of  St.  Domingo.  They 
lie  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Monte  Chrifl 
river,  or  Grand  Yaqui.  Tliey  have  o«p 
cafioned  feveral  wrecks,  and  prove  a  fhel- 
ter  to  privateers. 

Seven  IJlantU  Bay,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence ;  25  leagues  from  the 
W  end  of  the  iflaiid  of  Anticofti,  and  in 
lat^oaoN.  It  was  one  of  the  French 
ports  for  trading  with  the  Indians,  and 
has  a  very  fecurc  harbour  for  fliips  in 
I  any  wind. 

Severn  River,  conveys  thewaters  of  lake 
jSimcoe,  from  the  northern  extremity  of 
hhat  lake  Into  the  head  of  Gloucefter  bay, 
land  harbour,  lake  Huron.  Sm^tb, 

iVoi.  I.  Aaaa 


Severn,  a  fmall  river  of  Maryland,  of 
Ihort  courfe,  which  runs  S  £  to  Cncfapeak 
Bay.  It  pafl'es  by  Annapolis  city  on  the 
N  and  cipptles  into  the  bay  about  3  mijics 
below  the  city. 

Severn,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales, 
which  purfues  a  N  £  courfe,  and  enters 
Hudfon's  Bay  at  Severn  Houfe,  which 
is  160  miles  £  of  York  Fort. 

Sevier,  a  county  of  TencUce,  Hamilton 
diftridt.  It  contains  3419  inhabitants, 
of  whom  i6i  are  negroes. 

Sevier  futile,  a  poft  town  and  capital  of 
Seviet  co.  Teneffee,  j jj  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

SevUla  Nutva,  a  town  which  was  found- 
ed by  the  famous  Efquivcl,  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  ifiand  of  Jamaica  ;  a  little  to  the 
weftward  of  Mammce  Bay,  and  the  fput 
which  had  been  honored  by  the  refidence 
of  Columbus,  after  his  Ihipwreck  in  1503. 
It  is  now  called  Seville  Plantation  ;  and 
the  ruins  of  the  ancient  town  are  iliU 
vifible  in  fome  of  the  cane  fields. 

Sewe*  Bay,  or  BuWt  Harbunr,  on  the 
coad  of  S.  Carolina,  is  S  W  of  Cape 
Carteret.  The  long  and  narrow  illaud 
called  Racoon  Keys  is  between  Cipe  Car* 
teret  Ifland  and  the  entrance  to  this  har- 
bour, wtiich  is  at  the  N  £  end  of  iJuU's 
Ifland.       See  Seevuee. 

Seyio,  or  Se^vo,  a  fettlement  In  the  S  £ 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the 
upper  road  from  Higuey  to  St.  Domingo 
city  ;  18  leagues  W  by  N  of  the  former, 
and  24  N  £  of  the  latter.  Ic  is  alfo  i  % 
leagues  N  of  the  little  ifland  of  St.  Cath- 
erine, on  the  S  coaft  of  the  main  ifland. 
It  is  not  that  founded  in  1502,  by  John  of 
£fquivel,  but  a  fettlement  formed  in  the 
fame  canton  about  60  years  ago  by  fever- 
al graziers,  and  has  a  place  of  worfhip. 
Towards  the  year  178c  it  had  augmented, 
but  is  now  faUing  to  decay.  The  p.uifh 
contains  more  than  4000  pcrfpns  ;  the 
grcateft  part  of  whomure  graziersor  hcrdf- 
men,  free  negroes  or  people  cf  colour. 

Shackleford,  a  poft  town  in  King  Wiiliangi 
CO.  Virginia,  143  miles  from  Wafh* 
ington. 

Sbiifi/hury,  a  confiderable  and  flourlftio 
ing  poft  town  of  Vermont.  It  has  Ar- 
lington on  the  N,  and  Bennington  on  tha 
S,  and  contains  1895  inhabitants. 

S/jag  I/land,  near  the  entrance  into 
Chriftmas  Sound,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  The  entrance 
to  Port  Clcrke  in  this  found  is  juft  to  the 
N  of  fome  low  rocks  which  lie  off  a  point 
of  Shag  Ifland. 

Siatltw 


•.}  pi 


! 


SHA 

Shaihv)  For  J,  is  that  part  of  Teneflee 
river  which  is  izoo  yards  broad;  xa  miles 
above  the  Whirl.  It  lies  between  Chat- 
arnuga  and  Chickaugo  rivers,  which  fall 
in  from  the  S  £. 

Shallow  Water,  Paint,  aa  the  N.  WiCoaft 
of  N.  America,  lies  in  lat.  63  N.  Be- 
tween this  point  and  Shoal  Nefs,  which 
is  3  degrees  of  lat.  to  the  fuuthward,  Capt. 
Cook  did  not  explore  the  coaft)  on  account 
of  the  fh'allow  water  he  met  with. 

Siambe,  a  fmall  river  of  W.  Florida, 
which  empties  into  Penfacola  Bay.  It 
admits  fliallops  fome  miles  up,  and  boats 
upwards  of  jo  miles. 

Sbamoiin,  a  former  Moravian,  fettle- 
ment,  a  little  below  the  town  of  Sunbury, 
in  Pennfylvania. 

Sbamoim  Creek,  rons  wedward  inta 
Sufquehannah  river,  a  mile  S  of  Sunbury, 
in  Pennfylvania. 

Shanks  IJljnd,  was  difcovered  in  1 80a, 
in  lat.  a8  S,  Ion.  163  £.  It  is  5  or  6 
leagues  fromN  toS,  in  length  from  E  to 
W  not  quite  fu  much.  Cocoa  trees  were 
obferved  on  the  Ifland. 

Sbannock  Country.  See  Rhode  JJland 
State. 

Shannon  River,  U.  Canada,  empties  into 
the  bay  of  Quinte  10  or  la  miles  above 
tlie  Mohawk  fettlement. 

Sbapltigh,  a  pod  town,  Maijie,  York  co. 
at  the  head  of  Moufom  river  ;  bound- 
ed on  the  W  by  Pilcataqna  River  and 
the  line  of  N.  Hampfliire.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  178.^,  contains  1778  inliabit- 
ants,  lies  108  miles  N  of  Bofton,  and  579 
from  Wafliington. 

Sharon,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont^  Wind- 
for  CO  E  of  Royalton,  and  W  of  Norwich 
on  White  river.  It  contains  1168  iuhab* 
itants. 

Sharon,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts, 
Norfolk  CO.  10  mile«  S  W  of  Bofton.  It 
was  taken  from  Stoughton,  and  incor- 
porated in  1765.  It  contains  1018  in- 
liabitants. 

Sharon,  a  poft  town  of  Conne(Slicut,  in 
Litchfield  co.  bounded  E  by  Cornwall, 
from  which  it  is  feparatcd  by  Houfatonic 
river,  and  W  by  the  E  line  of  N.  York. 
It  is  about  I  a  nules  N  W  of  Litchfield  and 
contains  a340  inhabitants.  ^ 

Sharon,  a  village  in  Georgia,  about  5 
milc:>  from  Savannah.  In  this  place,  jud 
at  the  clofe  of  the  war,  Gen.  Wayne  was 
attacked  in  a  furious  manner  by  a  botly 
of  Cherokee  Indians,  head  'I  by  a  Britim 
officer.  They  fought  bind  to  hand 
Manfully,  and  took  a  pieces  of  artillery. 


S'HE 

But  Gen.  Wayne,  at  the  hazard  of  hisowa^ 
life,  gained  the  vitflory. 

Sharon,  a  new  town  in  Schoharie  co. 
N.  York,  incoiporated'  in  1797,  having 
3655  inhabitants. 

Shariflown,  in  Queen  Ann's  co.  Mary- 
land.    See  Kent  County. 

Sharpjburg,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
Wafliington  co.  about  a  miles  from  Patow- 
mack  river,  and  nearly  oppofwe  to  Shep- 
hcrdftown,  in  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of 
Shenandoah  river.  It  cmitains  a  church, 
and  about  ajo  houfcs.  It  is  9  miles  N 
N  W  of  Williams  port,  69  W  by  N  of 
Baltimore,  181  W  S  W  of  PJiiladelphia, 
and  75  from  Wafliington.: 

Shaivanee,  and  Shavanon,  tli'e  former 
tlie  Indian,  and  the  latter  the  Frcncli 
name  of  Cumberlnnd  river,  in  Teneflee. 

Sbaiuanefi,  or  Shatvanoes,  an  Indian  n.v 
tion,  great  numbers  of  whom  have  joined 
the  Creek  confederacy.  They  have  4 
towns  on  the  Tallapoofce  river,  contain- 
ing 300  vwrriors ;  and  more  are  expedted 
to  remove  thither.  ■  By  the  treaty  of  peace, 
Aug.  3, 1795,  the  United  Statts  agreed  to 
pay  to  this  tribe  a  fum  i#hand,  and 
1000  dollars  a  year  for  ever,  in  goods. 
They  inhabit  alio  on  Scioto  river,  and 
a  branch  of  the  Muflcingum,  and  have 
their  hunting  grotinda  between  Ohio  river 
and  Lake  Erie.  They  are  generally  of  a 
fmall  fize,  rather  handfome  in  their  fea- 
tures, and  are  a  very  cheerful  and  crafty 
people.  Counfelling  among  their  old 
people,  and  dancing  among  their  young 
men  and  women,  take  up  a  great  part  of 
their  time. 

Sbavinrfe  To^njhip,  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Chenal  ccarte,  on  the  £  fide  of 
the  river  Sinclair,  U  Canada. 

Shaiuangunk,  a  poft  town  in  Ulftcr  co. 
N.  York ;  bounded  eafterly  by  Newburgh 
and  Marlboro'  and  foutherlyby  Mont* 
gomery  and  the  Platta  Kill.  It  con- 
tains a8o9  inhabitant)!.  It  is  ao  milet  | 
from  Goflien,  and  la  from  new  Paltz. 

5£a7t^nA,  a  confidcrable  ftream  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  which  rifcs  in  Bedford,  Mid- 1 
dicfex  CO.  and,  pafTing  through  Bilierica, 
Tewklbury  and  Andover,  empties  inwj 
Merrimack  river. 

Sbeba  JJland.  See  Saba. 
Shecatica,  a  bay  of  very  irregular  flwpt  I 
and  breadth,  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador,  N I 
America  ;  having  an  ifland  of  its  name  all 
its  mouth.  It  is  between  lat.  51  i8aiiii| 
5ia8  N,  and  Ion.  j8  16  and  58  aa  W 

Sbecbary,  a  lake  of  New  North  Wale*j 
formed  like  a  bow.      It  receives  Churcb-I 

it| 


arie  co. 
,  having 

^  Mary- 

laryland, 
m  Patow- 
.  to  Shep- 
mouth  of 
a  church, 
)  miles  N 
by  N  of 
iladelphia, 

I'c    former 
[ic   French 
feneflee. 
Indian  nft- 
liavc  joined 


ley 


have  4 
ST,  contain- 
re  expe<Sied 
ity  of  peace, 
fes  agreed  to 
I  hand,  and 

If,  in  goo'l'' 
>  river,  and 
n,  and  have 
sn  Ohio  river 
;enerally  of  a 
'  in  their  fe*- 
ul  and  crafty 
,ng  their  old 
their  young 
eat  part  of 

I  the  mouth  of 
I  the  E  fide  of 


l-regular  Aape 

If  Labrador,  n 

Tl  of  its  name  a' 

riat.51  »8/ 

T  North  Wal» 
'ceiveiChurcM 

r  lU 


S  H  E 

iO  river  from  the  S  W,  and  at  its  N  E  end 
has  communication  with  Bcrbazon  Lake, 
which  lies  due  N  and  S.  At  the  S  end 
of  the  iatter,  the  waters  of  both  lakes  run 
E  under  the  name  of  Seal  river,  which 
empties  into  Hudfon's  Bay  at  Churchill 
Fort,  between  Button's  Bay  on  the  N  and 
Cape  Churchill  on  the  S  £.  Both  lakes 
,  are,  long  and  narrow. 

Sbedlac,  a  harbour  on  th«  £  coaft  of  N. 
Brunfwick,  and  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence  ;  53  miles  S  E  of  Mirami- 
chi  Bay. 

Sbiefiftot  or  Shcepfcutj  a  fmall  river  of 
Maine,  which  empties  into  the  ocean  to 
theE  ofKenneheck,  and  is  navigable  20 
or  30  miles.  On  the  W  lide  of  this  river 
is  the  excellent  port  of  Wifcaflet.  New- 
caftle  townfliip  is  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  this  river,  and  extends  from  Sheepf- 
cot  to  Damarifcotta  river.  The  compaA 
partis  10  miles  NE  of  Wifcaflet.  Sheepf- 
cot  harbour  has  high  water,  at  full  and 
change,  45  mluutes  after  10  o'clock; 
depth,  9  fathoms. 

SbcLp^i  Cove,  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, lies  between  Bay  Robert  and 
Port  Grave. 

Sheffield,  a  tovnifliip  in  the  N  part  of 
Caledonia  co.  Vermont.  It  has  170  in- 
habitants. 

Sheffield,  a  poll  town  of  Maflachufetts, 
Berkmire  co.  30  miles  S  £  of  Hudfon  in 
N.  York,  145  W  S  W  of  Bofton,  and  36a 
from  Wafliington.  It  was  incorporated 
>0  1733*  and  contains  2050  inhabitants. 
Houfatonic  river,  which  is  nine  rods  in 
breadth,  pafles  through  it  from  N  to  S, 
which  with  its  branches  fupply  water  for 
(everal  mills  and  iron  works.  South 
Mountain  extends  the  whole  length  of  the 
town,  along  the  E  fide  of  the  river. 

Sbelburnt,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  CJiit- 
tenden  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  has  Burlington  on  the  N,  and 
Charlotte  on  the  S,  and  contains  723 
inhabitants. 

Sheliurne,  an  interior  townfliip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  N.  Hampshire.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1 769,  and  contains  45  inhabitants. 
Sheliurne,  atowaiiup  in  Mampfhire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  adjoining  Greenfield,  98 
miles  W  of  fiodon,  containing  1079  in- 
liabitants. 

Sbelburne,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  which  runs  up  from  Port 
Rofeway,  at  the  S  W  part  of  the  province. 
|In  1783,11  contained  600  families,  but  is 
ow  lefs  populous.    It  is  18  milet  N  £  of 


S  H  E 

Harrington,  and  88  S  W  by  S  of  Halifux. 

Steliy,  a  co.  of  Kentucky,  lx>unded  N 
by  Henry,  W  by  Bullet,  E  by  Franklin, 
and  S  by  Nelfon.  It  is  watered  by  fcv- 
eral  ftreams  which  f;ill  into  Salt  river. 
It  contains  8929  inliabitants,  of  whom 
1409  are^aves. 

Sbelbyville,  a  pod  toWn  in  Shelby  co. 
Kentucky,  581  miles  from   Wafliington. 

Sheldon,  (formerly  Hungerford^  a  port 
town  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont,  containing 
408  inhabitants,  7  miles  S  of  Canada  line, 
14  E  of  Lake  Champlaiu,  and  579  from 
Wafliington. 

Shelter  IJland,  at  the  E  end  of  Long  I.  in 
Sufifolk  CO.  N.  York,  lies  3  Iciujucs  W  ot 
Gardner's  I.  It  is  about  5  miles  from  K 
to  W,  and  7  from  N  to  S.  It  is  h  fruitful 
fpot,  containing  about  8000  acres ;  was 
incorporated  in  1788,  and  contains  201 
inhabitants  of  whom  34  are  oletftori. 
(><«ifiderable  numbers  of  cuttle,  fliccp 
and  poultry  are  railed  here.  When  you 
leave  Shelter  Ifland  on  your  larboard 
hand,  and  run  W  by  N  about  5  or  6  miles, 
you  will  open  a  large  bay  where  lOo  lail 
of  vcflels  may  lie  late,  and  anchor  in  3 
or  4  fathoms. 

Shenandoah,  K  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded  N 
by  Frederick,  and  S  by  Rockingham.  It 
contains  11,809  free  inhabitantb,  chiefly 
Germans.     Chief  town,  Woodftock. 

Shenandoah,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
rifcs  in  Augufla  co.  and  after  running  a  N 
E  courfe  of  about  aoo  miles,  joins  the  Pa- 
towmack  in  about  lat.  38  4,  juft  befora 
the  Utter  burlh  throuj'^h  the  Blue  Ri(l<;e. 
It  is  compofcd  of  4  branches,  S.  river, 
middle  river,  N.  riv«r,  and  Shcnandoaii, 
which  is  the  fmalleft  branch, but  givci  its 
name  to  the  united  ftreams.  It  is  naviga- 
ble fthout  100  miles  ;  and  may  be  render- 
ed I'o  nearly  its  whole  courfe  at  a  fmall  ex- 
penfe.  When  this  is  done,  it  will  bear  the 
produce  of  the  richeft  part  of  the  flate  to 
Wafliington. 

Shenandoah  Valley,  extends  from  Win- 
chefter,  in  Virginia,  to  Curlillc  and  the 
Sufquehannah,  in  Pennfylvania,,  and  it 
chiefly  inhabited  by  Germans  and  Dutch. 

Shepherdsfxeld,  Maine  ;  now  Hebron. 

ShfpherdJlo'U'n,  a  port  town  of  Virginia, 
in  Jefferfon  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Pato>vmack 
R.  Itsfitiiation  is  healthy  and  agreeable, 
and  the  neighbouring  country  is  fertile 
and  well  cultivated.  It  contains  1033 
inhabitants,  moflly  of  German  extraction. 
It  lies  feveral  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
Shenandoah  R.  oppofite  to  Sharpfburg  ; 

10  miles 


;   Kwh 


■  M 


SHI 


SHO 


10  milM  S  by  S  of  Martln(burg,  and   1i 
frftm  Wafliington. 

Shephtrdfville,  a  poft  town  in  Bullet  co. 
Kentucky,  640  miles  from  Waihiagtcn. 

Sherburne,  a  po(l  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.York, has  1:182  inhabitants,  4.52  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Sherburne,  in  MafTachufetts  ;  fee  Nan- 
iveket. 

Sherkurne,  a.  tOwn  in  Middlefex  co. 
Maflachufetts,  has  776  inhabitants,  18 
miles  S  W  of  Bodon. 

SberBttrne,A  town  of  N.  York.Herkemer 
CO.  By  the  (late  cenfus  of  1 796,  it  con- 
tained 483  inhabitants- 

Sherburne,  a  town  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
mont.    See  Killington. 

Sbfjhequin,  a  poft  town  iij  Luzcrn*  CO. 
Pennfylvauia,34a  miles  fiom  Wafliingtoiv 

Sbetuckcty  a  river  of  Connedticun  which 
is  formed  by  the  jundtion  of  Willomantic 
and  Mount  Hope  rivers,  and  after  runJ 
ning  £  a  few  miles,  purfues  a  fouthern 
courfe,  and  uniting  with  Quinnabaug  R. 
empties  into  the  Thames  in  thv  r  part  of 
^the  townfliip  of  Norwich. 

Sbeiuan^uni.     See  Shav/itnnguHi. 

Sbimene  Port,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Its  entrance,  W  of  St.  Peter's  harbour,  is 
very  narrow;  but  the  bafon  within  is 
very   fpacious. 

Shining  Mountains,  bounding  Louifiana 
on  the  W,  are  little  known.  It  is  con- 
jedhireU  that  they  terminate  in  about  lat. 
47  or  48  N,  where  a  number  of  rivers 
rife,  and  empty  themfclves  either  into  the 
N.  Pacific  Ocean,  into  Hudfon's  Bay,  in- 
to the  waters  which  lie  between  them,  or 
into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  call- 
ed alfo  the  Mountains  of  Bright  Stones,  On 
account  of  the  immenfe  number  of  large 
rrydals,  (hooting  from  the  rocks,  and 
fparkling  in  the  rays  of  the  fun,  fo  as  to. 
be  feen  ?t  a  great  didance. 

Sbifi  Jfland,  lies  between  Horn  and  Cat 
Ifland,  on  the  coafl  of  W.  Florida,  and  is 
about  10  miles  S  of  the  Bay  of  Bilozi.  It 
is  9  miles  long  and  a  broad ;  produces 
pine  trees  and  grafs,  and  has  a  tolerable 
well  of  water  in  it. 

Ship  JJland,  U.  Canada,  is  of  very  fmall 
extent,  between  the  Bafsi Hands,  and  Cun- 
ningham's ifland  in  lake  Erie. 

ShiptoH,  a  very  flourifliing  towndiip  of 
excellent  land,  in  L  Canada,  on  the  £ 
bank  of  the  St.  Prancis  ao  mile*  N  W  of 
Afcot,  50  S  E  of  St.  Francis  village.  It 
has  about  350  inhabitants.  The  Lownfliip 
extends  over  the  river  Nicdiet,  another 


fine  riverwhich  empties  into  the  St.  I.iv« 
rence.  Thefe  rivers  run  nearly  parHlkl 
with  each  other  and  have  falls  which 
event  tally  will  be  locked,  and  ate  now 
paflei  in  birch  Indian  canucs  in  which 
heavy  articles  arc  tranfported.  A  road 
is  cut  nd  cleared  on  the  banks  of  the  .St. 
Franc  from  Afcot  to  tbu  St.  Iy.i\vrence. 
Anoth  road  from  Shipton  eaftcrly  to 
the  Ci  udier,  and  thence  to  Qiieliec,  has 
been  b.  ;un,  and  it  is  expcdled  will  bo 
compie  -d  in  a  few  years. 

Shipfi  <dJlo%vn,  in  Virginia,  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  r.itowmack,  40  or  50  miles  frmn 
Alexandria. 

Shippenjhurgh,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Cumberland  co.  on  a  bfancJi  of  Con- 
edogwinnet  Creek,  which  empties  in- 
to the  Sufqnehannah  ;  and  contains 
about  20")  houfes,  chiefly  built  of  ftone. 
It  derives  its  name  from  its  proprietor, 
John  Shippen,  Efq.  of  Philadelphia,  who 
has  leafed  out  tite  pl^ce  in  fmall  houfe 
lots  on  ground  rents  from  a  to  4  dollars  a 
year.  There  are  three  meeting  houfc*  in 
the  place,  one  for  Seceders,  one  German, 

^and  one  Methodifi.  It  has  1045  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  a  r  miles  N  by  E  of  Chamberf- 
burg,  a  like  difiance  S  W  of  Carlille,  and 
146  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Sbippigan  JJland,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, on  the  S  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  S  W 
of,  and  feparated  by  a  narrow  channel, 
from  Mifcou  ifland. 

Shirley,  a  townfhip  of  Mafifachufetts,  in 
the  N  W  part  of  Middlefex  co,  41  miles 
N  W  of  Bolton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
I753i  and  contains  713  inhabitants. 

Shirley,  a  toAynfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Huntingdon  co.  has  95.8  inhabitants. 

Shoals,  IJles  of,  are  7  in  number,  fituated 
on  the  coafl  of  N.  Hampfliire  ,  to  which 
the  celebrated  Capt.  John  Smith  gave  his 
own  name,  but  the  ingratitude  of  man  has 
denied  his  memory  that  fmall  honor.  The 
line  which  divides  Maine  from  N.  Hamp- 
fhire,  pafics  betwen  thefe  iflands,  leaving 
part  in  one  of  thefe  Sates  and  part  in 
the  other.  They  are  inhabited  by  a- 
bout  140  fifhermen,  who  are  poor,  and 
are  fupplied  with  a  religious  teacher,  by 
the  fociety  for  propagating  the  gofpsfe 
They  have  a  meeting  houfe  (which  fcrves 
for  a  land  mark  for  featnen)  and  a  parfon- 
age  houfe  ercdbed  by  charity.  Thefe  ifl- 
ands are  chiefly  a  bar: en  rock,  having 
very  little  foil.  Before  the  revolutionary 
war,  the  number  of  inhabitants  on  thefe 
iflands  was  about  600.  From  lUe  of  ShoaU 
to  the  Dry  Salvage,  Rock,  the  courfes  is 


S  i  W  8  I 
3  leagues 
leaguL-s ;  ti 
N  Jat.  43  . 
Sboeneck. 
Pennfylva 
17.^7. 

Shoi-L'han 
difbn  CO.  c 
plain,  havi 
port  on  th' 
ga.     it  con 
Shrmjl:, 
Mor.inou:!; 
Middletow 
Dover  S  W 
Middletow 
This  town 
mouth  cour 
Point,  3  ]  S 
E  of  Ph'ilad 
ii'gton.     Tf 
ispleafan;,; 
a  Pie(l)ytei 
houfc'   for 
branch  of  N 
a  cave,  in  wl 
foft  por-us I 
ture  llowly  ( 
the  fand  beic 
4673  inhab 
teel   compar 
York  refort 
months,  for  1 
Shretvjbur-^ 
Rutland  co.l: 
and  Saltafli 
Inhabitants. 
Shreivjhury 
Pennfylvania 
Sbretvjbury^ 
co.Mafl-ichui 
ter,  and  40  V 
incorporated 
inhabitants. 
deaths  in  th< 
in  a  year  for 
bout:  30,  marr 
of  the  people 
died  her«  Mrs 
year  of  her  ag 
Sbubenacadie, 
which  rifes  wi 
Da  -tmouth,  or 
bour,  and  en 
taking  in  its 
Gay's  rivers. 
■»me   lies  on 
Vhich  leads 


SHU 


SIL  • 


8  i  W  8  leagues ;  to  Portfmouf  h  N  N  VV 
3  leagues ;  to  Newburyport  Bar  S  W  7 
leagues ;  to  York  harbour  N  ^  E  j  leagues. 
N  lat.  42  59,  W  Ion.  70  33. 

Sboenect,  a  Mor.avian  let'"  leat  in 
Peimfylvania,  near  Nazareth  ;  begun  in 

1757- 

Shon-ham,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  Ad- 
dilbn  CO.  on  the  E  lide  of  I^ake  Cham- 
pLiln,  having  Orwell  on  the  S,  and  Brid- 
port  on  the  N,  a  little  N  £  of  Ticondero- 
gti.     It  contains  1447  inhabitants. 

Sh>ru-fi:iry,  a  port  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Mar.inou'.h  co.  on  the  fea  board,  having 
Middletown  on  the  N,  Freehold  W,  and 
Dover  S  W  North  river  divides  it  from 
Middletowii,  and  is  navigable  a  few  miles. 
This  town  is  1.5  miles  N  E  by  E  of  Mon- 
mouth court  houfe,  14  S  E  of  Middletown 
Point,  3.?  S  E  by  E  of  Brunfwick,  79  E  N 
E  of  Philadelphia,  and  223  from  Wafli- 
ington.  The  compai£l  part  of  the  town 
is  pleafaai,  and  cont.iins  an  Epifcopal  and 
a  Prelbyterian  church,  and  a  meeting 
houfv  for  Friends.  On  the  fide  of  a 
branch  of  Navefmk  river,  in  this  town,  is 
a  cave,  in  which  are  3  rooms,  arched  with 
foft  por'.us  rock,  through  which  the  moif- 
ture  ilowly  exudes,  and  falls  in  drops  on 
the  fand  below.  The  townfhip  contained 
4673  inh.ibitants,  in  1790.  Much  gen- 
teel company  from  Phihdclphia  and  N. 
York  refort  here  during  the  fummcr 
months,  for  health  and  pleafure. 

Shreivjhury,  a  town  flap  of  Vermont,  in 
Rutland  co.  between  Clarendon  on  the  W, 
and  Saltaih  on  the  E,  and  contains  748 
inhabitants. 

Sbrevfiury ,  a  townflilp  in  York  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  1305  inhabitants. 

Sbreivjhury,  a  townlliip  in  Worcefter 
CO.  Mafllichufetts  ;  6  miles  E  of  Worcef- 
ter,  and  40  W  by  S  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  17-z 7,  and  contains  1048 
inhabitants.  The  average  number  of 
deaths  in  the  town  has  been  11  or  iz 
in  a  year  for  40  years  part,  the  births  a- 
bout,  30,  marriages  8.  About  one  to  fifty 
of  the  people  is  80  years  of  age.  In  1 798 
died  here  Mrs.  Mary  Jones,  in  the  lojth 
year  of  her  age. 

Sbubenaciidie,  ft  river  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  rifes  within  a  mile  of  the  town  of 
Da  'tmouth,  on  the  £  fide  of  Halifax  har- 
bour, and  empties  into  Cobequid  Bay, 
taking  in  its  courfe  the  Slewiack  and 
Gay's  rivers.  The  great  lake  of  the  fame 
same  lies  on  the  £  fide  of  the  road 
Vhich  leads  from  Halifax  to  Windfor, 


: 


rtnd  .ibout  7  miles  from  it,  and  2t  fi*om 
Halifax. 

Suuicjlury,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachufijtts, 
Hampfhire  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Connei:U- 
cut  river,  about  16  miles  N  E  of  North- 
ampton, and  90  W  by  N  of  BoAon,  con- 
taining 930  inhabitants. 

Siara,  or  Seam,  a  town  on  the  N  E  coafl: 
of  Brazil,  in  the  captaindiip  of  its  name. 
S  lat.  3  30,  W  Ion.  39  50.  Andrew  Vidal, 
of  Negreiros,  was  chief  magiftrate  of  this 
city  in  the  year  1772,  in  the  ia4th  year 
of  his  age,  and  difcharged  his  duty  as  4 
judge  to  entire  falisfaction ;  and  died  « 
yeas  after,  in  full  pofTclIion  of  his  mental 
powers.  In  1 773,  189  of  his  defcendanta 
were  alive. 

Sibfilt/ft,  iflands  on  the  coaft  of  Patago- 
nia.   S  Lit.  50  53,  W  Ion.  J9  3J. 

S!/>i!ii  JJluiidi,ou  the  coafl  of  Cape  Bre* 
ton  Ifland,  lie  off  the  S  point  of  PortDau'^ 
phin,  and  afford  good  anchorage. 

Sicca  P«nto,  or  Dry  Point,  on  the  COaft  of 
the  Spanidi  niHin,  is  the  N  VV  limit  of 
Triefte  Bay,  and  foutlierly  of  the  ifland  of 
Curacao. 

Sichem,  formerly  a  fettlemcnt  of  the 
Moravians  on  the  E  line  of  N.  York  ;  35 
miles  E  S  K  of  Kingflon,  on  Hudfon's  river. 

Sidney,  a  town  of  N.  York,  in  Delaware 
CO.  having  Sufquehannah  river  for  its  N 
boundary. 

Sidney,  a  port  town  of  Maine,  Lincoln 
CO.  on  the  £  fide  of  Keunebeck  river  op« 
pofite  Vaflalboro. 

Sidney  Toivnjbip,  in  the  County  of  Haft- 
ings,  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  at  the  head  of 
the  bay  of  Quinte  immediately  above 
Thurlow. 

Sideling  Hill,  a  range  of  hills  which  lie 
in  the  N  W  part  of  Maryland,  between 
Alleghany  and  Wafliingtoncountiesjwhich 
are  divided  by  the  creek  of  the  fame  name. 

Sierre  Madn.     Sec  Andes. 

Silver  Bluff,  a  confiderable  height  upo* 
the  Carolina  fliore  of  Savannah  river  y 
perhaps  30  feet  higher  than  the  low  land* 
on  the  oppofite  Ihore,  which  are  fubje(% 
to  inundations  in  the  fpring  and  fall.  This 
Aeep  bank  rifes  perpendicularly  out  of 
the  river,  difcovcring  various  flrata  of 
earth.  The  furface  of  the  ground  upon 
this  bluflP,  which  extends  nearly  two  miles 
on  the  river,  and  from  half  a  mile  to  a 
mile  in  breadth,  is  nearly  level,  and  a  good 
fertile  foil,  as  ap^iears  by  the  valt  oaks, 
hickory,  mulberry,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees  and  ftirubs  left  (landing  in  the 
old  fields  which  arc  fprcad  abroad  to  a 

great 


■■  a 


■i:i-?'^ 


jsS 


SIN 

j;reat  didancc.  Here  are  various  vcnigM 
of  the  ancients ;  as  Indian  conical  mounts, 
terraces,  areas,  &c.  as  well  as  traces  of 
fortrefles  of  regular  formation,  as  if  con- 
ftrudted  afttr  the  modes  of  European  mil- 
itary architefts ;  which  fonie  fuppofe  to 
Vie  the  ancient  camps  of  the  Spaniards, 
who  formerly  fixed  themfelves  here,  in 
hopes  of  finding  filvcr. 

Simcoe  Lake,  formerly  lake  aux  Claies, 
is  fituated  between  York  and  Gloucefler, 
upon  lake  Huron  U.  Canada ;  it  has  a  tew 
fraall  iflands,  and  feveral  good  harbours ; 
a  veflel  has  been  built  for  the  purpofc  of 
facilitating  the  communication  to  lake 
Huron  by  that  rout.  Tins  was  fo  nanied 
by  Lieut.  General  Simcoe,  from  refpcd;  to 
his  father,  the  late  Capt.  Simcoe  of  the 
Royal  Navy,  who  died  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  on  the  expedition  to  Quebec  in 
1 739,  In  the  year  1755,  this  aWe  officer 
had  furniflied  government  with  the  plan 
of  operations  againfl  Quebec,  which  then 
took  place ;  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Capt. 
Cook  the  celebrated  circumnavigator,  was 
inafter  of  his  fhip,  the  Pembroke.    Smyth. 

Siment,  St,  the  eafternmoft  of  the  3  large 
iHands  at  the  moutJ'  of  the  Alatamaha  riv- 
er in  Georgia,  having  oa  the  N  N  E,  Little 
St.  Simons  IJland ;  and  between  thefe  is 
the  eaftern  mouth  of  tlxe  river.  The 
fouthern  end  of  the  itland  is  near  the  N 
mouth  of  the  Alatamaha.  Formerly  a 
Ilrong  battery  was  eretfled  here,  for  the 
defence  of  Jekyl  Sound,  in  which  10  or  i  a 
forty  gun  fliips  may  ride  in  fafety.  This 
ifland  is  about  45  miles  in  length,  and 
from  two  to  four  in  breadth  ;  has  a  rich 
and  fruitful  foil,  full  of  oak  and  Wckory 
trees,  intermixed  with  meadows  and  old 
Indian  fields.  In  the  middle  of  the  ifland 
is  the  town  of  Frederica.  The  bar  or 
entrance  of  St.  Simon's  is  S  by  W  19 
leagues  from  Tybee  Inlet. 

Simons  Fort,  St.  at  the  S  end  of  St. 
Simon's  Ifland,  is  9  or  10  miles  from  the 
St.  Simond's  Bar,  and  is  remarkable  for 
its  white  appearance. 

Simjhury,  a  poll  town  of  Connedticut, 
in  Hartford  co.  14  miles  N  W  of  Hartford. 
Oopper  ore  has  been  found  here.  It  has 
A963  inhabitants,  and  is  386  miles  from 
Walhington. 

Sinclair  River,  U.  Canada,  runs  from  N 
<o  S,  being  the  ftratt  between  lake  Huron, 
«Dd  lake  St.  Clair. 

Sinimaboning,  a  N  weftemmoft  branch 
of  Sufquehannah  river. 

Sititpuxtnt,  a  very  long  bay  on  the  S  E 
^^  of  Maryland  ;  a  number  of  long  and 


SIX 

narrow  ifland*  feparating  it  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  Sinepuxent  Inlet,  is  is 
about  lat.  38  lo  30  N,  and  nearly  I2  miles 
E  of  the  town  of  Snowhill. 

Sing  Sing,  an  inconfidcrable  village  on 
the  £  fide  of  Haverftraw  Bay,  in  W. 
Chefter  co.  ^s  ni'les  N  of  N.  York  city. 

Sinica,  a  confiderable  Cherokee  town, 
on  the  banks  of  Keowee  river.  The 
houfes  on  the  £  fide  are  on  an  elevated 
fituation,  and  command  a  delightful  and 
extenfi  ve  profpetSl  of  the  whole  fettlement. 
The  inhabitants,  about  500  in  number, 
can  milder  100  warriors. 

Siniing  Spring  Valley,  See  Bald  Eagle 
Valley. 

Sino,  or  Sinu,  a  bay  on  the  N  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma.  There  is  alfo  a  town  of 
the  lame  name  on  the  S  fide  of  tiie  Gulf 
of  Morofquillo,  about  66  miles  N  E  of  St. 
Sebailian,  and  40  S  W  of  Tolu- 

Skvs,  or  Sioux,  a  powerful  nation  of 
Indians,  confining  of  three  diiFerent  tribes, 
which  can  furnifh  9500  ♦rarriors ;  the 
Sious,  who  inhabit  the  head  waters  of  the 
Miffifippi  and  Miffouri,  3000  warriors ; 
the  Sious  of  tlie  Meadows,  ajoo,  and  the 
Sious  of  the  Woods,  4000.  The  two  laft 
inhabit  on  the  head  and  weftern  waters 
of  the  MiIHfippi,and  the  iflands  of  Lake 
Superior. 

Siffey'i,  a  branch  of  Tombeckbee  river 
in  Georgia,  wliich  runs  a  S  W  by  S  courfe. 
Its  mouth  is  in  about  lat.  31  55  N,  and  40 
miles  N  by  W  of  the  upper  mouth  of  Ala- 
bama river. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy  s  Ifland,  in  the  S  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  was  difcovered  in  1767,  by 
Captain  Carteret.  It  Is  low,  level,  and 
covered  with  wood.  S  lat.  4  41,  W  Ion. 
154  ao. 

Sir  Claries  Saunders'  Ifland,  in  the  fame 
ocean,  and  difcovered  by  the  fame  navi- 
gator, is  about  two  leagues  in  length  froia 
E  to  W.    S  lat.  17  «8,  W  Ion.  151  4. 

Sirius,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fame  ocean, 
difcovered  by  Lieutenant  Ball,  in  1792. 
It  is' about  18  miles  in  circuit;.  S  lat.  10 
51,  W  Ion.  i6*  30. 

Sifal,  on  the  N  coaft  of  Yucatan,  in  tlie 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  4  leagues  W  of  Lin* 
chanchee,  and  8  £  of  Cape  Condccedo.  It 
is  the  higheft  look  out  on  the  whole  coalV. 

Sijflboii,  Nova  Scotia,  lies  on  the  £  fide 
of  St.  Mary's  Bay,  %%  miles  S  £  of  An- 
napolis. 

Sifter's  Ferry,  a  village  in  S.  Carolina, 
25  miles  from  Coofawatchie,  and  102 
from  Charledon. 

Site  Men's  jBay,on  the  W  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and 


thte  At- 

;,  is    is 
[%  miles 


lage  on 
,  in  W. 
t  city. 
ie  town, 
•.  The 
elevated 
itful  and 
ttlement. 
number, 

M  Eagle 

coafk  of 

town  of 

the  Gulf 

jJEofSt. 

nation  of 
ent  tribes, 
■iors;  the 
:er»  of  the 
warriors ; 
3,  and  the 
te  two  laft 
rn  waters 
s  of  Lake 

kbee  river 
y  S  courfe. 
N,  and  40 
th  of  Ala' 

[he  S  Paci- 
1767.  by 
level,  and 
,  W  Ion. 

the  fame 
fame  navi- 
jngth  f roiB 

1514. 
ime  ocean, 

in  1791- 
Slat.  10 

|tan,  in  the 
V  of  Lin* 
kdecedo.  It 
Ihole  coaft. 
Ithe  E  fide 
E  of  An- 

Carulina, 
and  loa 

; of  the  ifl- 
and 


SIX 

tni  of  Barbadocs,  near  the  N  end.  It  lies 
between  Sunderland  Foit  S,  and  Six 
Men's  Fort  N. 

Six  Nationt,  a  confederacy  of  Indian 
nations,  lb  called  by  the  Britifli  and  A- 
mericans.  The  French  call  them  Iroquois. 
Formerlythey  were  called  the  FiveNations, 
five  only  being  joined  in  that  alliance  ; 
but  they  now  confilt  of  lix  nations,  and 
call  themftlves  AgditufiUoni^  that  is,  the 
Unii  d  People.  Some  call  them  Mingos  ; 
Others  Maquah.  Thcfe  fix  nations  arc  the 
Mo'iatvkty  Oneidas,  Oiiondagai,  Sttucns,  Cay- 
ug<is,  and  Tti/carorai.  Tlic  latter  joined 
the  confederacy  80  years  ago.  In  the 
late  war  with  Great  Britain,  they  were 
allies  ol  that  power,  and  in  1779  they  were 
•ntircly  defeated  by  the  troops  of  Con- 
grefs,  and  their  towns  all  dcftrnyed. 
They  now  live  on  grounds  called  the 
ftatc  Refervationa,  which  are  intermedi- 
ate fpaccs  fettled  on  all  fidc]  by  white 
people.  In  their  prcfent  cramped  iitua- 
tion,  they  caiyiot  keep  together  a  grc^t 
while.  They  will  probably  quit  the  U. 
States  and  recire  over  the  lakes  Ontario 
and  Erie.  All  the  Mohawks  and  the 
greater  paitof  the  Cay  ugaK,  have  already 
removed  into  Canada.  The  number  of 
fouls  in  all  the  (Ix  nations  was,  in  1796, 
4058.  The  Stockbridge  and  Brotherton 
Indians,  who  now  live  among  them,  ad- 
ded, make  the  whole  number  4508,  of 
whom  760  live  iu  Canada,  the  reft  in  the 
United  Srates.  By  a  treaty  made  in  1 794, 
between  the  United  States  on  the  one 
part,  and  the  Six  Nations  and  their  Indian 
friends  refiding  with  them,  on  the  other 
part,  it  was  (lipulated  that  "  the  fum  of 
4500  dollars  (huuld  be  expended  annual- 
ly and  for  ever,  in  purchafing  clothing, 
domeflic  animals,  implements  of  hulban- 
dry,  and  other  utenfils,  and  in  compenfat- 
ing  ufeful  artificers  who  fhall  refide 
among  them,  and  be  employed  for  their 
benefit."  This  allowance  is  under  the 
diredbion  of  a  fuperiutendant,  and  is  not 
diftributed  for  any  private  purpofes.  It  is 
apportioned  among  them  according  to 
their  numbers,  in  order  to  which,  there 
ii  annually  taken  an  exadb  cenfus  of 
•II  thefe  Indians.  In  1796,  the  Friends 
commonly  called  Quakers,  in  their  benev- 
filence  and  zeal  to  promote  the  welfare 
of  thefe  Indians,  raifed  a  fund  to  fupport 
a  number  of  their  fociety,  who  offered  to 
go  and  relide  among  them,  with  a  view 
to  promote  their  civilization,  moral  im- 
provement, and  real  welfare.  A  commit- 
tee of  their  focietjr  was  appointed  to  ac* 


SKE 

company  thefe  friends  to  humanity,  andC 
they  were  aiStuaily  on  the  fpot.and  cor.i- 
menccd  their  work  of  charity  in  July  uf 
this  year.  The  (late  of  N.  York  have 
taken  thefe  Indians  under  titeir  protec- 
tion, and  appointed  conunilliontrs  to  take 
care  that  they  receiver  no  wrong  homin-- 
terefted  individual. 

Skaneotctet,  a  l;ike  in  Onondiigo  co.  N. 
York,  14  milts  lonj;,  and  r  mile  wide 
whcrt'  broadcft.  It  wattrs  the  military 
towuihips  of  Marctilus  and  Sempruniu?, 
and  fends  its  waters  nurthirly  to  Seneca 
rivtT. 

Sh:n;^.i:!y,  an  anciont  and  rcfpetllabitf 
city  in  AUMi\y  co.  N.  York,  16  miles  N 
W  of  Alliany  ciry,  pleafr.ntly  £itu:itcd  ia 
a  vale  bordered  wiiji  hills  10  the  foiith- 
ward  and  eaftward,  on  the  margin  of  Mo- 
hawk river.  The  houfcs  between  .^00 
and  400  in  number,  are  compactly  built, 
chiefly  of  brick,  on  regular  ftreets,  in  the 
old  Dutch  ftil.,  on  the  S  lide  of  the  river  : 
few  of  them  are  elegant.  The  public 
buildings  arc  a  Dutch,  Prelbytcrian  and 
an  Epifcopal  church,  and  a  large  and 
handfome  college  edifice.  The  windings 
of  the  river,  through  the  town  and  fieldj 
which  are  often  overflowed  in  the  fpring, 
afford  a  rich  and  charming  profpect 
about  harveft  time.  This  town,  being  at 
the  foot  of  navigation,  on  a  long  river 
which  palles  through  a  very  fine  country 
rapidly  fettling,  it  would  be  natural  ta 
concludi,  would  embrace  much  of  its  eom- 
merce  ;  but  originally  knowing  no  other 
than  the  fur  trade,  which,  fince  the  rev- 
olution, hag  almoli  ceafed,  and  having 
taken  no  advantage  of  its  happy  fitua- 
tion  for  other  commerce,  the  place  has 
very  conilderably  decayed.  The  chief 
buAuefs  of  this  town  now  is  to  receive 
the  mcrchandife  from  Albany,  and  put 
it  into  batteaux  to  go  up  the  river,  and 
forward  to  Albany  the  returns  from  the 
back  country.  See  Mabawk  River.  Uit' 
ton  College  was  edabiilhed  and  incorpo- 
rated here  in  1794*  and  is  under  the  di- 
reftion  of  24  trullees.  It  took  its  name 
from  the  union  of  various  denominatimi» 
of  Chridians  in  its  eftablifliment.  The 
Dutch  were,  however,  by  far  the  moft 
liberal  benefaAors  to  this  inftitution.  It 
is  well  fituated  for  the  conveniency  of 
the  northern  and  wedern  parts  of  tlie 
ftatc.  In  June,  1796,  there  were  40  ftu- 
dents,  divided  into  4  claifcs,  viz.  i  lau- 
jjuages,  »  hiftory  and  belles  lettres,  j. 
mathematics,  4  philofophy.  The  annual 
expenfe    of  education   here,   includioK 

bparu. 


:u    M 


,-|i 


^•1  !^;llv: 


iH*fi 


'm 


S  KE 


SLA 


dolh. 

4983 


tts-, 

6 


JO 


1356       45 
35CO 


3*jO 


board,  tuition,  &c.  is  lefs  than  100  dollars. 
The  property  of  the  college  in  1796  con- 
fided in  various  arttclcst  to  the  following 
amount,  viz. 
Uonds    and  mortgagcii< 

producing  an  annual 

intercft  of  7  per  cent. 
Subfcriptions,  and  other 

debtsdue  on  the  books  (- 

of  the  trcafurer.  j 

Cafli  appropriated    for  1 

the  purchafe  of  hooks. 5 
Houfe  and   lot  for  the  7 

prefident.  3 

Lot  for  the  fcite  of  the  7 

college.  y 

Houfe  and  lot  heietofure~\ 

occupied  for  the  ucad-  / 

(my,  a  donation  from  y.  5000 

the  conftflory   of  the  I 

Dutch  church.  J 

Books,  &c.  in  the  pofTef- 

(ion  of   the 

and  on  the  w: 

Europe. 
Cafliappropriated  by  the 

regents    for  the  pur- 
chafe of  books  in  the 

bands  of  the  conunit- 

tee. 
Legacy     by     Abraham'^ 

Yates,   junt    Efi^.     of> 

Albany.  j 


n.  J 

le  pofTef-"! 

truftecs,/ 

tray  froniT 


2381       99 


4C0 


350 


42,42%  60 
And  1604  acres  of  land.  The  faculty  of 
the  college  confifted,  in  1 797,  of  the  pref- 
ident and  one  tutor  \  and  the  falary  of 
the  former  with  an  houfe  for  his  family, 
is  i50odollars,andofthelattcr665 dollars 
per  annum,  with  an  additional  allowance 
at  prefent  of  150  dollars,  on  account  of 
the  extraordinary  price  of  the  necefTaries 
of  life.  There  were,  in  1797, 37  fhidents, 
eight  in  the  clafs  of  languages,  twenty  in 
the  clafs  of  hiftory  and  belles  lettres,  fix 
in  the  clafs  of  mathematics,  and  three  in 
the  clafs  of  philofophy.  The  courfe  of 
fiudies  is,  the  fird  year  Virgil,  Cicero's 
•rations,  Greek  Teftament,  Lucian,  Ro- 
Sian  antiquities,  arithmetic  and  Englifli 
granubar;  the  fecond  year,  geography, 
and  the  ufe  of  the  globes,  Roman  hiftory, 
bifitory  of  America,  and  the  American 
revolation,  Xenophon,  Horace,  criticifm 
and  eloquence  ;  the  third  year,  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  mathematics,  and  vulgar 
and  ^cimal  fr&dlions,  and  the  extraiSlion 
sf  the  roots,  geometry,  algebra,  trigonom- 
mtj,  navifatioo,  menTuration,  Xcnophoo 


continued,  and  Homer  ;  and  the  fourth 
and  laft  year,  natural  philofophy,  the  con- 
ftitution  of  the  United  States  and  of  i\\t 
different  States,  metaphylics,  or  at  Icaft 
that  part  which  treats  of  the  philofophy 
of  the  human  mind,  Horace  continued, 
and  Longinus  ;  and  during  the  courlc 
of  thefe  (ludics,  the  attention  of  the  claf- 
fes  is  particularly  required  to  elocution 
and  compofition  in  the  Englifli  language. 
A  provifion  is  alfo  made,  for  fubftituting 
the  knowledge  of  the  French  language  in- 
ftead  of  the  Greek,  in  certain  cafes,  if  the 
funds  fliould  hereafter  admit  of  inditut- 
ing  a  French  profcnbrfliiu.  The  library 
confided  of  about  1000  volumes,  and  £500 
was  appropriated  to  the  purchafcof  a  phi- 
lofophical  apparatus.  The  city  of  Skenec- 
tady  contains  at  this  time  5289  inhabit- 
ants.     Ii  is  416  miles  from  Wafliington. 

5i<7/if/2«/ei/^i6,in Wafliington  co.  N.York, 
on  Wood  Creek,  on  the  S  fide  of  S.  Bay. 
This  is  a  place  through  which  mod  of  the 
communication  and  trade  between  the 
counties  on  Lake  Champlain  and  Hud- 
fon's  river  pafles.  It  has,  however,  very 
bad  water,  and  is  unhealthy  in  fummer. 
It  is  about  8  miles  E  by  N  of  Fort  George, 
and  6  N  by  E  of  Fort  Ann.  The  fortitir 
cations  here  were  dedroyed  by  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne,  in  July,  1777.  It  is  in  the  town- 
lliip  of  Whitehall,  which  fee. 

Sklppact,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
county,  Pennfylvania,  on  Perkimy  creek. 

Siifton,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of  Pa- 
tnwmac  river,  about  11  miles  S  E  of  Fort 
Cumberland,  and  a8  S  of  Bedford  in 
Pennfylvania. 

Siitiii/j,  a  baj  of  about  8  leagues  «• 
tent  on  the  E  fide  of  Wafliington's  Iflcs, 
on  the  N  W  coad  of  N.  America,  N  of 
Cumberland  Harbour.  The  opening  is 
in  lat.  about  S3  iS> 

Siuppernong,  a  fmall  river  of  N.  Caroli- 
na. A  canal  was  finiflicd  in  1790,  which 
connedb  the  waters  of  this  dream  with 
the  lake  in  Difmal  Swamp,  on  the  S  fide 
of  Albemarle  Sound. 

SkuUck  Hilhf  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
lie  N  N  E  of  the  harbour  of  Gouldlbor- 
ough.  In  failing  from  Mount  Defert  to 
Gouldfborough,  you  mud  deer  N  N  E  for 
thefe  hills,  which  are  more  remarkable 
than  any  in  the  eadern  country.  There 
are  5  of  them,  and  at  a  didance  they  ap- 
pear round.  , 

Slabtovun,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  about  half  way  between  Burling- 
ton and  A^unt  Holly,  4  or  ^  miles  from 
each. 

Slaughtir 


Slaugh 

peak  Ba 

Slaujbt 

Slave  J 

ofN.  Am 

fives  rife 

tics  into  I 

the  river 

Athapefc( 

rivers  frc 

river  ruat 

inilc  wide 

6t  N  lat. , 

about  Ion, 

40  leaguei 

The  lake  i 

broad.     T, 

thcNflior 

cow  lake,  v 

the  fame  w 

S.'earintf 
foimdiand. 

Sloiuias  J 

al'-ili   Klan 
5  mi!'3  in 
£ay,  in  ij^f 
VV  of  Tji.k( 
Slujlcr,  K 
Small  Puit 
Maine,  forn 
and  lies  N  J] 
eni  litnit. 
^  Smith,  a  ti 
l"'(;iiiLi'vIvani; 
S,/:it/j,n  CO 

tains   429;.    ii; 

I'.igan  Cie.  k 

river,  in  hie  < 

r.  of  Richmoi 

I^hia,  and  2ii 

creek  is  navi: 

Smhhfieldt  a 

of  Johnlbn  co. 

of  Neus  river, 

100  miles  N  V 

!'''gh.  473   fn 

from  Wafliinj 

the  ton-n  is  an 

»«  the  form  ol 

'e«  indiamet 

often  dug  in  it 

now  is  not  moi 

Staitbfieldy-Av 

bull  CO.  State  of 

of  Pennfylvani 

J-ake  Erie  and 

about  65  miles 

SmitbfM,  Mi 

ftips  in  Wayne 

"%  one49o,and 

Vol.-  1.  B 


SMt 


SMY 


fourtli 
the  con- 
1  of  tiie 

at  Icaft 
ilofophy 
ntinucd, 
i  courlc 
the  claf- 
ilocutlon 
language, 
jftituting 
guage  iii- 
lc«,if  the 
f  inftitut- 
c  library 
and £500 
tof  a  phi- 
)f  Skenec- 
9  inhabit- 
iflungton. 
».  N.York, 
of  S.  Bay. 
noft  ofthe 
tween  the 
and  Hud- 
evcr,  very 
a  fummer. 
)rt  George, 
rhe  fortitiT 

Gen.  Bur- 
1  the  town- 

ontgomery 

imy  creek. 

fide  of  Pa- 

E  of  Fort 

edford  ia 

jlcagues  ex- 
■ton's  Iflcs, 

Irica,  N  of 
ipcning  is 

N.  CaroH- 
1790,  which 
Iream  with 
the  S  fide 

CO.  Maine, 

iGouldlbor- 

Defert  to 

■  N  N  E  for 

Iremarkable 

.    There 

they  ap- 

Igton  CO.  N. 
>n  Burling- 
Imiles  from 

Shughttr 


SUttghtir  Crttt,  on  the  E  flde  «f  Cliefa* 
peak  Bay,  Durchefter  co.  Maryland. 

HJauJber  Fert,  or  LiltJt  Niagara, 

Slave  Laki  and  i?/'-«rr,  ID  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America.  The  lake  is  extenfivc  and 
gives  rife  to  M'KcnKie's  river,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Troecn  Oce^n,  and  receives 
the  river  of  its  nanM  from  the  W  end  of 
Atliapefcow  Lake ;  be.fide  many  other 
rivers  from  various  dirc«£lionk.  Slave 
river  runs  a  N  W  by  N  courl'c,  and  is  a 
tnilcwide.  The  S  end  of  Slave  Lake  ii 
61  N  lat.  and  the  center  uf  the  lake  is  in 
ttbout  Ion.  115  W.  '  The  northern  bay  is 
40  leagues  deep,  and  6  fathoms  water. 
The  iaktf  is  faid  to  be  200  miles  long,  ico 
broad.  The  Dogribbcd  Indians  inhabit 
thcNfhoreof  this  lake.  Sc^  Athapuf- 
cow  lake,  which  Pinkerton  fuppufes  tu  be 
the  Came  with  this. 

Slearing  JJIjhJ,  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
fuimdland. 

Sioiu!,i';  I/lanJ,  is  the  third  of  the  Eli«- 
ah  i!i  lihimls  in  magnitude,  being  about 
J  mi!'  3  in  cirmiit.  It  lies  oA'  Buzzard's 
Bay,  iu  Biiruftiblc  co.  MaiTachufctUi  and 
\V  of  Tii'kcr's  Ifiiiid. 

Slujier,  Fort,   bee  Hcblopr. 

Small  Fuint,  oij  the  coaft  of  LincoUi  co. 
Maine,  forms  the  £  limit  of  Cufco  Bay, 
and  lies  N  E  of  Cape  Elit.ibeth,  the  wcft- 
ti;i  limit. 

SmItL;  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
FcniUvlvania,  h.is  1654  inhabitants. 

S/Kii/j,».  <:ouuty  v.fTeueflee,  which  con- 
tains 4294  inhabitants,  597  being  llives. 

.Vtt7/,^/if,V,afi:iall  pofttown  ofVirgLnia,on 
r.igan  CrC'  k,  which  empties  into  Jamcj' 
river,  in  Ille  of  Wight  co.  It  is  8j  miles  S 
E  of  Richmond,  364  S  S  W  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  218  from  Wafliington.  The 
creek  is  navigable  for  vefliils  of  20  tons. 

Umithfietd,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capital 
of  Johnlon  co.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Neus  river,  on  a  beautiful  plain,  about 
too  miles  N  W  of  Newbern,  25  from  Ra- 
leigh, 473  from  Philadelphia,  and  322 
from  Wafliington.  Near  the  centre  of 
the  town  is  an  Indian  burying  place,  once 
in  the  form  of  a  cone  10  feet  high;  30 
feet  in  diameter,  but  the  people  having 
often  dug  in  it  for  ourioOties,  its  elevation 
now  is  not  rnore  than  5  or  6  feet. 

Sfmtbfield,  a  very  tliriving  town  in  Trum- 
bull CO.  State  of  Ohio,  on  the  weftern  lake 
of  Pennfylvania,  about  cquidiftant  from 
Lake  Erie  and  the  >S  line  of  the  county, 
about  65  miles  W  of  Pittlburgh. 

Smitbjield,  Middle  and  Lower,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Wayne  co.  Pennfylvania,  contain- 
»%  one490,andthc  othcrjgjialiabitants. 
Vol.  I.  Bbbb 


SmithftU,  a  townihip  of  Rlioda  Ifl.inl 
Providence  co.  having  the  btateof  Mali'a- 
chufetts  on  the  N,  and  Cun.bcrland  oa 
the  N  £.  Heie  arc  cxttulivtorchatdss 
and  great  quantities  of  flone  lime  are 
made,  and  cairicd  tu  Providence  and 
other  plao^s.  It  contains  3120  inhabijiants. 

Smithjatid,  a  \toi\  town  in  Lfvingflon  co. 
Kentucky,  Sii  I  niilos  from  V/afliii^gton. 

Smith\  Capt,  the  N  point  of  the  entrance 
into  the  fea  called  the  New  Dilcovcred 
Sea,  and  the  S  V/  pbint  of  the  iilaud  form- 
ed  by  that  fea  or  found,  which  communi* 
cates  with  Hudfon's  Straits.  It  it  on  the 
£  fide  of  Hudfon's  Bay.  N  lat.  60  48, 
W  Ion.  80  55. 

Smith's  ijlxnd,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Caroli- 
na.      See  Cupi  Fear,  and  Bald  Head, 

Smith't  7/laiid,  the  fonthcrnniofl  of  the 
range  of  itlands,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
along  the  cuiid  of  Nurihamptoo  and  Ac- 
comack counties,  Virginia.  It  is  near 
the  S  point  of  Cape  Charles.  Here  Hiips 
frequently  conie  to  anchor  to  wait  fcr 
pilots  tocondu«fl  them.into  ChefapcakBay. 

Smitli't  Jjlist  the  range  of  lilands  vvhicla 
line  the  above  coaft.  They  weie  io 
named  in  1608,  in  honor  of  Captain  John 
Smith,  who  landed  on  the  pcninfulit,  aixl 
was  kindly  received  l>y  Accomack,  the 
prince  of  the  peninfula,  part  of  vvhicU 
ftill  bears  his  name. 

Smith's  Jf.ond,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  E 
end  of  the  illajid  of  Antigua,  and  in  Ex- 
change Bay.  Alfo  the  name  of  an  illand 
in  tl»e  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  difcovercd  by 
Lieutenant  Ball,  in  the  year  1790.  ;> 
lat.  9  44,  W  Ion.  161  54. 

Smith's  Point,  is  the  fouthern  limit  of 
the  mouth  of  Patowmack  river,  on  the 
W  fide  of  Ciiefapcak  Bay,  oppolite  t!-.e 
northern  head  land,  called  Point  Lockout, 
and  in  about  lat.  37  54  N. 

Smith's.     Sec  StauvicN  J?/Vi?r  Virginia. 

Smith's  Sound,  on  the  E  cociil  of  New- 
foundland I.  boiu;ded  N  by  ^ane  Bona- 
vcnture. 

Svtitlffld,  Maine,  now  Litihfuld. 

Siuit'Aoujn^  a  finall  pofl  town  of  SufTolfc 
CO.  Long  I.  N.  York,  i  z  miles  S  eaflcrly  of 
N.  York  city.  The  townfliip  is  boi^nd- 
ed  S  by  Iflip,  W  by  Himtington,  N  by  the 
Sound,  and  £  by  Brobkhavca.  It  con- 
tains 1413  inhaiiitants. 

AWM-ivV/f,  the  chief  town  of  Brunfwick 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  fituated  near  \\vz  monih 
of  Cape  Fear  river,  about  30  miles  S  of 
Wilmington.  Here  Is  art  academy,  from 
which,  there  is  a  view  of  the  ocean. 

Srt'yrnu,  Nc-yv^  a  tJaiviiig  town   in   E. 

Bioridi. 


;^^ 


\  pj 


^■1 


soc 


ROD 


Florida.  It  is  fituated  on  a  Hielly  blufl', 
on  the  W  bank  of  tl»e  S  liruncli  of  Mof- 
quito  river  ;  about  lO  mile*  above  thy 
Capes  of  f hat  river,  about  30  miles  N  of 
Cape  Canaveral,  and  in  lat.  28  N.  It !» 
inhabited  by  a  colony  of  Greek*  and 
Minorquies,  eQablinied  by  Dr.  TurnbuH. 

Birlram. 

Snake  Indians,  a  tribe  who  inhabit  tlie 
S  W  fide  of  MilTouri  river,  in  lat,  about 
47  N,  and  Ion.  107  W.  'I'he  Shevetoon 
Indians  inhabit  on  theoppoiite  fide  of  the 
river. 

SfKtrrs,  T/jn,,  clu'^rr  of  7  cr-iggy  iflcsin 
the  Houth  Sea.  The  larg'.fl  is  in  ht.  483 
S,  Ion.  1 6(>  20  E,  /■^anniivm: 

Siii-f(/''oro',  a  port  town  in  Richmond 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  418  miieu  from  Waflung- 
ton. 

Siieydjborouf^l),  a  town  of  Aiifon  CO.  N- 
Cari>lina,  it  (i.tnd'i  on  the  Great  I'cdcc, 
1  to  miles  aljove  Georgetown,  S.Carolina. 
To  thia  place  the  river  i»  navigable. 

Hiiinv  Bird  Lake,  in  N.  Americii,  W  of 
Huclfon's  B:iy,  i  "•.  miles  wide  from  li  to  VV, 
but  from  Nlo  H  it  is  much  more  cxteiifive. 

Snnrv  Jlill,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft  town 
of  Maryland,  and  capital  of  Worcefter  co. 
fituated  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Pokomoke 
river.  Here  arc  about  60  houl'es,  a 
court  liimfe,  and  gaol,  and  the  inhabit- 
aiit<  de  il  principally  in  lumber  and  corn, 
'I'he  exports  for  onf  year,  ending  the  30th 
of  September  1704,  amounted  totheval- 
•I'e  of  4040  dollars.  It  is  158  mile* 
from  Waflvington. 

Sni:a>id,<(rit,  or  Si'^endiiga,  the  W  branch 
of  Hudfon  river,  runs  a  S  and  .S  E  couric, 
and.  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth,takes 
a  N  E  dire  5lion,  and  joins  that  river  about 
12  or   15  miles  W  by  N  of  Fort  Edward. 

Sic'rety  T/hmds,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the 
S.  Paific  6cc;m.  Td  thefe  iflands  Capt. 
Cook  was  direifted  by  Tupia,  in  176;: 
and  he  gave  them  this  name  in  honor  of 
the  Royal  Society.  They  are  fituated 
between  the  latitiulei  of  16  10,  and  16 
5  V  3,  and  between  the  longitudes  of  150 
57  and  152  W.  'I'hey  are  '  in  number ; 
Ifuahiiine,  Uliefen,  Oitjia,  Bf.li.ibola,  JVfourooa, 
^onliafe,  and  'T.ito  xamnnoo  or  SaunJer's  IJl- 
rt/;c/,  which  is  here  iiicludd  as  being  fiib- 
jeiTt  t  '  Huaheine.  Tlu:  foil,  the  produc- 
tio'\i,  ihe  people,  their  language,  rclig'on, 
■C'lftjTnH,  and  manners  are  fo  nearly  the 
f;iine  us  at  Otaheitc,  that  little  need  be 
added  to  the  account  which  has  alnady 
been  given.  Nature  has  been  cjcally 
bountifid  in  uncultivated  plenty,  and  the 
iul^abitflnts  are  as  luxurious  andai  indo- 


lent.       \  plantain  branch  is  the  emhlcnr 
of  pence,  and  changing  names  the  greatill 
token  of  friendlliip.      Their  morals  arc 
ji  difFcrently   conllruded,    though  fervirj; 
I    the  fame  pur pofe*.    It  i»  cuflomiiry  togivu 
I  their  daughters  to   flrangcrs  who   arrive 
I  amongft  them  ;  but  the  pairs  muft   be  f 
j  nights  lying  near  each  other,  without  pri- 
I    fuming  to  take  any  other  librrly.       On 
'    the  6th  evening,  the  father  of  the  young 
wom:<n  treats  his  guefl  with  food,  and  in- 
I  forms  his  daughter,   that   {lie  niuft   thnt 
!  light  receive  him  as  her  hufl)and.       The 
!  flranger  mull  not  exprefs  the  leaft  dilliko, 
ihould  the  partner  allotted  to  him  be  ev- 
er fo  difagrceable  ;  for  this  i»  confidercd 
i  \M  an  unpardonable  affront,  and  is  punilh- 
1  cd  with  ii\nant  death. 
I       Saioniifco,  a  province  of  N.  Spain,  hav- 
I  ing  Chiapa  on  the  N,  Guatamala  on  the 
F.,  the  N.  Paciiic    Ocean  on    the  S,  and 
Gauxaca  on  the  W.       It  is  about  90  mile; 
long,  and  almolt  as  broad.       It  does  noi 
produce  much  corn,  but  great  tiuunliticN 
of  cocoa  and  indigo. 

Hoconiifco  Port,  o'.i  the  W  coaft  of  New 

Mexico,  capital  of  the  province  of  Socon- 

ufco,  in  whif  11  .ire  the  mountains  of  tlii^ 

I  name.      N  lat.  15  12,  W  Ion.  y,.  16. 

I       Sucora,M\  iflandon  thccoaltof  S.  Aratr- 

:  ica. 

;  Sodu!,  a  bay  and  town  on  the  S  fide 
'  of  Lake  Ontario.  The  bay  is  about  6 
or  7  miles  long  and  a  to  4  wide,  and  from 
i  it,  into  the  lake  is  a  fliort  and  narrow 
'  entrance.  It  form-i  the  bi  rt  harbour  on 
I  this  fide  of  the  lake.  It  is  lefs  than 
;  half  a  mile  acrofs  at  the  entrance,  the  h.iul 
!  around  the  bay  rifcs  confiderably  high. 
When  the  lake  is  agitated  by  a  ftorra 
;  the  bay  may  be  pafled  fafcly  in  a  canoe, 
i  veflels  may  anchor  near  the  town  in  2 ; 

■  fathom  water,  on  a   fandy  bottom,     hi 

■  many  places  a  veflel  of  50  tons  may  lie 
;  afloat  fo  near  fliore  as  to  go  to   it  froiii 

the  vefTel   on   a  plank.  In  this  bay 

j  there  are  feveral  fiiu;  iflands,  feme  of  50 
I  acres,  of  fine  foil,  covered  with  tiinbor. 
'  Thei'e  ifland  v/ith  the  head  land  (Iretch- 
j  ing  into  the  bay,  aflbrd  a  profpeiil:  from 

the  town,  which  for  rithncfs  and  beaiify 
I  is  feldom  equalled.  A  body  of  chocolate 
I  marble,  which  receives  a  good  polifli,  hits 
I  been  difcovered  on  Marble  Creek,  which 

runs  into  thi.s  bay.  The  town,  in  which 
I  are  4' 6  inhabitants,  fl.-'.nds  0:1  a 
I  riling  ground  on  the  W  point  of  the  hay, 
I  having  the  lake  like  an  ocean  on  the  N, 

'.48  miles  N  of  Geneva.  Little  Sodut  bap 
I  i»  about  1%  mili-»  Iv  of  Great  Sodus. 


Soil  Cm 

fiolunpo, 

13  mileti  .'- 

SoLir  Ai 

of  Peru,  i 

of  Pachac: 

Suldicr\ 

ifland   of 

Moon  r.ay 

Scilci'ury, 

fylvania,'h.- 

■Uidad,  t 

hare  footed 

.1  leagues  ^ 

doled  with 

in  coiupHfi 

monafifry 

rocks,  in  w 

oratorittj. 

ards  anu'les 

choiceft  Eui 

vincial  Cha] 

Solodnd  Pc 

crnmoft  of 

merly  called 

"f  the  harbf 

W  Ion.  and  i 

Solimncs. 

Solomon  s  I 

fir  lup  of  ifla 

of  which,  the 

lie  about  i8j 

coaft  of  Per 

Guiii'-a,  hetw 

Paris,  and  bet 

were  h'rft  difr 

^rft  voyage  i 

fcription  of  tl 

cipal  ones  be 

SO  to  300  Ic 

fide   n.any  of 

thefe  iflands  i 

the  inhabitan 

«iit  fliades   fr 

principal  of  tl 

(which  fee  )  Si 

colas,  Florida, 

4Wo/i,a  mili 

Onondago  co. 

embraces    Pol 

was  incorpcra 

Sombrera,  Soi 
defort  idand  i 
miles  N  W  (» 
'f'lgiieeach  wa 
'•'paiiiards,  froi 
N  Ian 8  38,  V 
a"f  on   Barbm 

'^ome/fdyt,  /', 

"UCflce  i}[  the  1 


emWtnr 
» greiittil 
iials  an* 
L  fervir;; 
ry  to  give 
1(1   itrrive 
luft   be  5 
hout  pri- 
ty.       Oil 
he  yoiinj; 
il,  and  in- 
iiuft   tlmt 
id.       'I'lic 
aft  difllkc, 
lim  be  ev- 
conlidend 
ia  punilli- 

Ipain,  hav- 
ala  on  tlic 
the  S,  and 
jt  90  mllfi 
t  does  mil 
;  quanlitici 

ift  of  New 

e  of  Socon- 
::iias  of  thi^ 
i,<  16. 
:ofS.Amtr- 

thc  S  fide 
is  about  6 
e,  and  from 
nd   narrow 
harbour  on 
is  lefs  than 
ice,  the  h'.iid 
irably  higli- 
bv   a  ftor'" 
in  a  canoe 
town  in  2; 
Hjttom.     '11 
ons  may  lie 
to   it  Ironi 
n  this  bay 
feme  of  jo 
Hlh   tiinbi-r. 
^and  (trctch- 
ol'iicCl:  from 
and  beauty 
of  chocolate 
polifli,  hits 
teek,  which 
n,  in  which 
nds      on    a 
of  the  bay, 
on  the  N, 
\le    Sodus  bay 
Sodus> 


SOM 

Sail  Cm'f,  a  village  on  Dcfcrt  I.  Maine. 

.Wtrr>|ro, all  i Hand  on  the  cooft  of  Peru, 
12  mile*.  S  of  J'ort  Callo. 

Sol.ir  Alorr'), or  Cifr  S(,l,ir,  on  tlie  coaft 
of  Peru,  is  (1  miles  N  by  Wof  the  roclc* 
of  Pachacania  off  the  port  of  Oallao. 

Sol./ui'j  (rut,  on  the  N  E  coalt  of  tlic 
idand  of  St.  Chriftoplier's,  E  of  Half 
Moon  r.ay,  and  (hrill  Churcli. 

Sdla'/jry,  a  towiifliip  in  liuck's  .CO.  Pci.n- 
fylvania, has  1524  inhabitants. 

S'Jiiftiif,  III,  or  tlie  Defdtt,  a  cloifter  of 
bare  footed  Carmelites ;  fituated  on  a  hill, 
.^  ieagtie^i  N  W  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  en- 
cloled  with  a  hiyh  Qonc  w.ill  fevcn  leajjues 
in  coiiipari.  The  hill,  on  which  tlie 
monafltry  ftands,  is  furrounded  with 
rocks,  in  which  they  liavc  dug  cavei  for 
oratorifc-j.  Here  arc  gardens  and  orch- 
ards smiles  in  compafs,  fdled  with  llie 
choiceft  Kuropean  fruit  t-ecs.  'I'lie  pro- 
vincial Chapter  of  the  Order  is  held  here. 

SoloJnd  Port,  on  the  E  fidc  of  tlic  eaft- 
ernmoft  of  the  Falkland  iflands,  was  for- 
merly called  Port  I.ouis.  The  inner  part 
of  the  harbour  lies  in  the  57th  degree  of 
W  Ion.  and  in  S  lat.  51  50. 

Solimoes.     See  JlLic/era  Eivir. 

Solomons  JJlf,  or  Landof  the  Jlrfaades,  a 
gr  lup  of  illands  concerning  the  exiflcncc 
of  which,  there  lias  been  much  difpute, 
lie  about  1850  Spanifli  leagues  W  of  the 
coaft  of  Peru,  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
Guiica,  between  154  and  160E  Ion.  from 
Paris,  and  between  6  and  la  Slat.  I'licy 
were  firft  difrovercd  by  Mcndan;i,  in  his 
iirft  voyage  in  1567.  Hcrrera,iii  !iis  dc- 
fcription  ofthefc  in.and9,  reckons  18  prin- 
cipal ones  belonging  to  the  group,  Ircm 
50  to  300  leagues  in  circumfcreuce,  be- 
fide  r.any  of  a  fmallcr  fize.  The  air  of 
thefe  i (lands  is  falubrious,  the  foil  fertile, 
tie  inhabitants  numerous,  and  of  difler- 
eut  {liades  from  white  to  black.  'J'hc 
principal  of  tliefc  illands  arc,  fit.  Ifabelia, 
(which  fee  )  St.  George,  St.  Mark,  St.  Ni- 
colas, Florida,  the  I'^and  of  Pahns,   &c. 

iVo//,  a  military  tovvnfliip  of  N.  York, 
Onondago  co.  has  .^70  inliabitants.  It 
embraces  Solon  and  Cincinnatus,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1794. 

Somhrera.,  Smnbaiicra ,  or  Sonhhro,  a  fmall 
defon  idand  in  the  W.  ladies,  aiiout  18 
miles  N  W  of  Angtiilla.  li  is  about  a 
Icii^iip  eacli  way,  and  is  thus  called  by  the 
Spaniards,  from  its  refemblance  to  a  hat. 
N  laf.  18  ,38,  V^  Ion.  63  37.  It  is  depend- 
ant on   Barbuda. 

Some/fiyi,  Fo/,  a  Dutch  fort  at  the  con- 
/!uc;jce  of  the  li  vcr   Commewine  and  Cot- 


1 


SON 

tica  ;  the  latter  being  an  arm  of  Surrinan 
river. 

Sinter',  11  li.wnfliip  of  Connetflicut,  on 
thc'N  lint  ol'loUana  to.  wiiich  Icparates 
It  froni  Maflacluiictti.  It  (onlaiiiS  1354 
inhabitants, and  is  24  miles  N  L  of  IIart« 
ford. 

Swierfet,  tovnfliip  in  Wafliin^ton  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  h;:s   i;,ai    inhabitants. 

.V  /i,  •/./,  a  tovviilhip  of  Vermont,  W'ind- 
h..:.i  ...  10 or  1  i  miles  NH of  i3eniiington, 
has  130  inhabitants. 

tioiii,rJ\t,  a  p;)(t  town  of  r.Iaflaehfuctts, 
Briftol  CO.  on  Taunton  R,  It  was  incoi- 
porate<l  in  1790,301!  contains  123*  in- 
habitants. It  is  9  inik's  E  of  Warren  in 
Rhode  llk'.nd,  and  £,()  foutherly  of  Bofloiu 

Somtiftt,  a  well  cultivated  co.  oi  N.  Jcr- 
fey,  on  the  N  fide  ol  the  great  road  from 
N.York  to  I'hiladilphia.  The  foil,  ef- 
pccially  on  Raritau  K.  .ind  its  blanches, 
is  good,  and  protluccs  good  crops  of  wheat, 
of  which  great  quantitie->are  aiiiiually  ex- 
ported. It  is  divided  into  6  townllsips, 
which  have  3  churches  lor  Pitft^  tei iaii:., 
5  for  the  Dutch  Reformed,  i  for  Durcli 
Lutherans,  and  i  for  Anabapiills.  It  con- 
VMiv  iz,8i5  inhabitants,  iutludiiig  1S63 
flaves. 

Sif.ierfi/,  the  CTpital  of  the  abuvc  co. 
fituated  on  the  W  lidc  tf  Alillftont  R.  I( 
contains  a  court  hoiife.  gaol,  and  a'.jout  ,';j 
houfes.  It  id  13  miles  N  \V  of  N.  Bruiil- 
v.'ii'k. 

uv.icf.t,  a  CO.  of  Maryh-nd, hounded  E 
ly  the  Rate  of  Dclawai c  and  Worccfhcr 
CO.  W  by  the  waters  01' Chi'l.ipcak  Liiy. 
It  tonti'ins  I7,,':';u  inlinbitants,  iiicludin,; 
7<133  Haves  W  alhingtou  Academy,  in 
this  CO.  w'K  inft.'tiittd  by  law  in  1  779.  It 
was  founded,  nnd  is  fiippiirtcd  by  vohiii- 
tary  fnb;'ciiplions  aiul  jirivate  donations; 
is  authoiifcd  to  receive  gifts  and  le"acic', 
:  nd  to  hold  aooo  acres  of  land.  • 

KiiiHitfct,  a  CO.  of  Peni.fylvaiiia,  bounded 
N  ly  IIiintiiigdon,and  K  by  Alleghany  co. 
in  Maryland,  and  i  \  divided  into  13  tovfU- 
fhip-,  and  ctmtaiiis  I0,i88  irdiabitam-. 

f:c:ni-rf.:t,  a  poft  town  in  Somerfet  co. 
Pennfylvania,  189  miles  from  W.ilhiii^ton. 
It  lias  143X  inhabitants. 

Somerfni<o)th,vi  townlhip  of  Strafford  CO. 
N.  Hainpfliire,  containing  032  inhabit- 
ants. It  was  taken  from  IJ  .ver,  from 
which  it  lies  adjoining  to  the  N  E,  and 
incorporated  in  1754.  A  dreadful  llorm 
of  thunilcr  and  lightning  happened  here 
in  May,  1779. 

Son.crs  IJIeS'     See    Ecrmuda. 

Scrro  River,  in  Maine,  is  formed  by  2 

branches 


m.^:' 


sou 


sou 


brandies  which  unite  in  Raymond  town, 
alvmt  .;  mile^  fnun  acb.igo  Pond.  The 
loii}]ofl  hranch  rilc^  in  (Jrcc'iil.ind,!il>out  3 
milfii  from  Ann  rifcogwin  R.  where  h  a 
pond  rifled  .S'o/i|T/j  J'om/,  X  mile*  long. 
Thib  rtri  um,^  which  purfncs  a  fouthcrly 
courfe  for  at'lead  70  miles,  is  fo  Jrcn  from 
rapids,  that  timber  may  he  hroupht  con* 
▼eniently  from  within'  a  few  miles  of  its 
head.  The  other  branch  comet  from 
Waterford  and  Suncook,  and  pafles 
through  a  number  of  fmall  ponds ;  then 
falling  into  Long  PoitJ,  it  proceeds  through 
Br/iiiiy  Pendf  and  meets  the  other  branch. 
It  is  boatable  its  whole  length,  35  miOt. 
See  Orau^etovm  or  GreenlanJ,  and  Stiago 
JPanJ 

Snnnra,  a  fubdivlfiop  of  the  S  divifion  of 
N.  Mexico,  in  N.  America.  Chief  town, 
Tuiipe. 

Seiifantrtt,  9  fca  port  town  and  bay  on 
the  coaft  of  Mexico. 

Sopbiajburgb'  Toivojiip^  in  Prinre  Ed- 
w;u-d  f  o.  U.  Canada,  lies  N  W  of  Hal- 
lo well,  and  in  the  bay  of  Quriite. 

ScrrelXtver,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cham-  | 
plain,  which  after  a  rourfe  of  about  69 
miles  N,  empties  into  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, in  N  Ut.  46  io,  and  Ion,  71  ij  W. 
Sorrel  Tort,  built  by  tho  Frrnrh,  is  at  the 
■wcdern  point  of  the  mouth  of  this  river. 
Sofnvfnto,  a  name  applied  to  the  Lefl'er 
Antilles,  in  the  W.  hidie^.  Among  thefe, 
ihe  chief  may  be  reckoned  Trinidad,  Mar- 
garetta,  Cur.aflbu  and  Tortugas. 

S:invtnto  I o':os,ot  LetTvard  Ifland  of  ^ea 
JVolvci  or  Stalt,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is  7 
leagues  from  the  Barlevento  Lobos,  or 
Windward  Ifland  of  Sea  Wolves.  It  is 
i  hout  6  miles  in  circuit,  and  15  miles  from 
C.ipe  Aguja.' 

^'•ii'rhjkool;  a  flream  which  enters  Pc- 
roblcnt  on  the  W  ftde  in  the  town  of 
rlaiiic'.iaj. 

lyciicya-.v.int'.iiera,  a  Canadian  fcttlemcnt, 
in  l;it.  47  17  30  N. 

•Siuih,  a  Ibort  river  of  Anne  Arundel  co. 
!M;iry land,  which  runs  cr.ftcrly  into  Chef- 
apcaic  Eny.  Its  moutli  is  about  6  miles 
."^  of  Annp polls  city,  and  is  navigable  for 
veirt'Is  of  burden  10  or  la  miles. 

■''c, ,',')  An-hoy,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfcy, 
Muldlclex  CO.  and  contained  in  1790, 
■267.6  ihha'ii'tanls. 

Fmiib  jltiierica,  like  Africa,  is  an  exten- 
sive peiiin('i)Jri,  cottnefted  with  N.  Amer- 
ica by  the  Ifthinus  of  D.irien,  and  divided 
between  Spain,  Portugal,  France, Holland, 
and   the   Aborig'nos   a«   follows  ■     Si.ain 


claims  Terra   Firma,   Pern,   Chili,    and 
Paragu.-iy,  the     Puttugnf/t,    Brazil ;     the 
Fttnil),  Cayenne;  the /'«/i/j,niitrh Guiana; 
and  the  y/4or/ir/««,oroiiginal  natives,  Am- 
azonia and  Patagonia.     It  extends  from 
al«)ut  lat.  12  N,  to  54  S,  or  further  if  Ter- 
ra del  Fucgo  be   included.     The  kngth  is 
3960  gec)^.  miles,  the  breadth  a8So.  This 
p:vrt  of  America   was  probably  peopled 
from  Africa.      The  religion,  excepting  the 
Dutch  territory  and  a  few  tribes  of  lav- 
ages, is  Roman  Catholic.    The   fouthern 
part  of    S.  America  expcricnc  ck  fcvcrc 
froflt,  and  almofl  perpetual  winter.     In 
the  torrid  zone,  fo  lofty  are  the  mountains, 
that  the  greatcfl  inconvenience  in  the  ex- 
treme cold-of  the  mountains,  and  moidure 
of  the  plains.     In  Peru  the  fummer  is  dry 
and  cold.    S.  America  has  no  inland  feas, 
and  few  lakes.     In  Amazonia  and  Brazil 
there  are  none.     Titicaca  in  Peru  is  the 
mod   important  piece  of  water  in   this 
part  of  the  continent,  its  figure  is  oval, 
140  miles  in  circumference,  the  deftli,  70 
or  80  fathoms.    Amazon   is  the  greuteft 
river  in  the  world,  itslength  is  3300  miles, 
in  fome  parts  no  bottom  is  fpund  with  a 
line  of  103  fathoms.    Oronoco  ij  a  nnbie 
river.    I'hc  mountains  are  the  mofl  lofty 
on  the  globe ;   volcanoes,    fublimc  and 
terrible,  are  numerous.    The  extent  of 
the  Andes  is  4600  miles,  Chimborozo,  100 
miles  S  of  Quito  is  30, 180  feet  .tbove   the 
level  of  the  fea,  about  5000  feet  higher 
than  MoDt  Blanc,  the  highed  mountain  of 
theoldworld.  Catopaxi,a volcano,  3 j  miles 
S  E  of  Quito  is  18,600  feet  high.    There 
are  belide  the  Andes,  3  other  remarkable 
chains  of  mountains,  that  of  the  Northern 
coaft  between   9  ain^  10  N  lat.  that  of 
Parima  from  3  to  7  N'  lat.  and  that  of 
Chiquitos  between  15  anil  30  S  lat.    The 
general  height  of  the  firft  chain  is  from  6 
to  800  toife*.    Several  of  \i%  fummits  are 
perpetually  covered  with  fho^,  and  often 
pnnr  down  torrents  of  boiling,  fulphureous 
water.    1'he  fecond  range  of  parima  is 
little  known.    It  ftretches  from  the  Andes 
E  near   Popayan,  and  form*  cataraAs  in 
the  ■  Oronoco,  'Lat.  5   N.      The  third 
chain  unites  the  Aiides  of  Peru  aiid  Chili 
with  the  mountains'  of  Brazil  and  Par- 
aguay.   The  higheR  fdmmits  are  between 
lat.  15  and  30  S.' 'The  chief  cities  in  the 
Spanifh    government    ate  Lima,  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  Bogota.    RiO  J^iero  is  the. 
capital  ofthe  Portuguefe  province  of  Bra- 
zil.    From  Buenos  Ayres  there  is  a  pod 
road  with  convenient  relays  of  horfes  and 

rarriages  to  Perifc    PMtrtou. 

imtbatnptsn. 


Snrithamfilo 
South  y!n,i,i 
river,  in    Vir 
Painunky  ri\ 
South  Jl'iy, 
plain,  which 
extends  itfclf 
At   the  Orai 
iitke  it  recci\ 
Southborou^l. 
e:i(lern  part  o 
fctts,  incorpo 
inhabitants, 
Boflon. 

South  BoJIoH^ 
Virginia,  on  t 
South    Bran, 
Hudlbn's  Ba 
fituatcd  on 
river. 

South  Brimfi 
chufctts,  Ham 
F*  of  Northan 
Bofton.  It  wa 
conta%is  774 

Southhury,    ; 
Lltchlicld  ro. 
and  51  N  W 
inhabitants. 

South  Carotin 
of  America ;  h 
N  W  by  Ten, 
Ocean ;  8  and 
and  a  branch 
Tugulo  river, 
from  Georgia. 
35  8  N  lat.  an 
Ion.  from  Lond 
300  miles,  in  I 
34,080/quare 
above  the  falh 
between  the  f 
was  divided  ii 
Btaufort,  and  Gi 
\y  called  the  i 
5'*,  IVafiinpon, 
*»»■»,  and  Cbern 
fer  Country.     T 
ly  been  forme, 
judicial  diftridls 
Diflriai. 
1  Charlefton, 
3  Colleton, 

3  Beaufort, 

4  Georgetown 

5  Orangeburg 

6  Sump;er, 

7  Marion, 

8  Barnwell, 
S  York, 


ill,    anci 
il ;    the 
iGuixnH; 
VC3,  Ara- 
ilft  from 
r  if  Ter- 
kngth  is 
So.  Tlii» 
peopled 
ptin^,  tliu 
s  of  f»v- 
fouthem 
ck  fcvcrc 
nter.     In 
lountains, 
in  the  ex- 
1  moifture 
Tier  i»  dry 
land  feas, 
iiul  Qruzil 
em  is  tlie 
it  in   thit 
e  is  ov!i1, 
AvftU,  70 
he  grcateft 
J300  miles, 
ind  with  a 
I  is  a  noble 
moft  lofty 
iblimc  and 
extent   of 
ioror.o,  100 
above   the 
:eet  higher 
jiountain  of 
10, 15  miles 
(h.    There 
remarkable 
Northern 
lat.  that  of 
id  that  of 
lat.    The 
is  from  6 
immits  are 
L  and  often 
[ulphureotis 
^arima  is 
.the  Andes 
•atara<ft»  in 
The  third 
and  Chili 
il  and  Par- 
re  between 
jities  iti  the 
ja,  Buenos 
liero  is  the 
[nee  of  Bra- 
■e  is  a  poft 
liorfes  and 
'Mtrton. 
'■ititbawpioX' 


SOU 

SnulhttmploH,     S».t  SoiuIj  IT.imfihn. 
Soiilb  yln,i,i,  a  br.inch  of  Nc^rth   Anna 
river,  in   VirgiiiLi,  which   tw^jctlicr  li»rm 
Pamuuky  river. 

Souili  hiy,  in  an  arm  of  I. alee  Clnm- 
plain,  whirh  I'rum  the  S  iiul  ot'  tlic  lake 
extends  itfclf  in  a  S  wcQcily  dircdtion. 
At  the  flruit  wlkcrc  it  iinitcn  with  liie 
litke  it  receive*  Wodd  crcok  from  the  3. 
Soutliborough,  a  fmall  toxviifhi))  in  the 
ea(\crn  part  of  Worccllcr  co.  Miflachu- 
fctts,  incorporated  in  1717.  contains  871 
inhabitants,  and  is  30  miles  W  by  S  of 
fiollon. 

South  BoJIon,  a  fmall  tQwn  In  Halifax  ca 
Virginia,  on  the  N  iVde  ot  Dan  river. 

South   Blanch  Hju/ft  a   flation  of  the 
Hudlbn's  Bay  Company,  in  N.  America,  1 
fitUHtcd  on   the  £  fide  of  Satkafliawan  i 
river. 

S'liiih  Bnmfuilt  a  townfhip  of  Malfa- 
chufctts,  Hamplliire  co.  about  35  miles  S 
R.  of  Northampton,  and  80  wcftcrly  of 
Boflun.  It  was  incorporated  in  176a, and 
contaftis  774  inhabitants. 

Southitiry,  a  town  of  Conn^illicut, 
Litchfield  ro.  ao,  miles  N  E  of  Danbiiry, 
and  51  N  W  of  Hartford.  It  has  1757 
inhabitants. 

South  Carolina,  one  of  the  Vnibed  States 
of  America ;  bounded  N  by  N.  Carolina ; 
N  W  by  Teneflee  ;  E  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean ;  8  and  S  W  by  <Savann»li  river, 
and  a  branch  of  its  head  waters,  called 
Tugulo  river,  which  divides  thiii  State 
from  Georgia.  It  lies  between  31  and 
35  8  N  lat.  and  between  78  and  81  W 
Ion.  from  I.ondop.  It  is  in  length  about 
AGO  miles,  in  breadth  125,  and  contains 
a4«o8o/quarc  miles,  9570  of  which  lie 
»J>ove  the  falls  of  the  rivers,  and  14,5x0 
between  the  falls  and  the  Atlantic.  It 
vpas  divided  into  9  diflrid^s,  Chaiiejton, 
Btaufort,  and  Georgetown  condituting  what 
n  called  the  Loiver  Count ry,  and  Ninety 
Six,  IVaJbiHTton,  Pinchney,  Camden,  Orarl^e^ 
hurg,  and  Chem-w  diftriifts,  called  the  Up- 
fer  Country.  Thcfe  9  diftriAs  have  late- 
ly been  formed  into  a6  fubdivifions,  or 
judicial  diflridts,  whirh  follow. 
Dijtriat.  'Total  Inhabitant^. 

1  CharleOon,  57.486 

a  Colleton,  a4i903 


SOU 


3  Beaufort, 

4  Georgetown, 

5  Orangeburg, 

6  Sump;cr, 

7  Marion, 

8  Barnwell, 


%o,4i8 
«C',33» 
I5.'6^ 

6,914 

7,376 
19,148 


S/avet, 
41.945 
ao,47i 
16,031 
15,860 
5?356 

1,690 
1,804 


in  Chcftpr, 

8,185 

M<i4 

It  rairlij.l, 

10,097 

i.yf'S 

It  Laiirons 

ia,Ho9 

»,»'» 

Ij   IVniJIeton, 

ai->,o5» 

a,a»4 

14  CirecnvilL-, 

•  1,504 

1.4.19 

15  Spart;ini)urgh, 

it.iaa 

1,467 

1 6  Union, 

>o.JJi 

1,697 

17  Egefield, 

18,1  JO 

3,006 

18  Abbeville, 

i.r55.'» 

a,964 

19  Richland, 

6,097 

3,0J1 

ao  Lancafler, 

5.01* 

1,076 

at  Kcrfliaw, 

7..140 

a  J  30 

aa  Newberry, 

I  a, 006 

2,10.% 

aj  Cheftcrfield, 

5.2' 6 

1,148 

a4  Marlborough, 

5«».?» 

1,395 

a5  Darlington, 

7,6.;? 

a,33* 

a6  Horry, 

a,6o6 

0,708 

,^45,59»  »46.i5r 
Th£  militia  of  the  ftatc  is  divided  into 
two  divilinns ;  each  commiinded  by  a 
M.n  jor  General.  'Vhefc  divifions  c«  mpre- 
hend  9  brigades,  39  rej-imcnfs  of  infantry, 
8  r(,gimentR,  and  a  fquadron  of  cavalry, 
and  one  regiment  and  batallion  of  artillery, 
belidc  artillery  companies  attached  to 
fome  regiments  of  infantry.  The  whole 
include  35,785  men.  This  ftate  is  water- 
ed by  many  navigable  rivers,  the  princi- 
pal of  which  arc  Savannah,  EdiHo,  Santrc, 
Pedee,  am}  their  branches.  I'he  .Santee 
is  the  largeft  river  in  the  Hate.  Thofe  of 
a  fecondary  fi/c,  as  you  pafs  from  N  t» 
S,  arc  Wakkamaw,  Black,  Copper,  Aflie- 
poo,  and  Combahce  rivers.  In  the  third 
clafs  arc  comprehended  thoOe  rivers  which 
extend  but  a  lliort  diftancc  from  theocean, 
and  ferve,  by  branching  into  numberlefs 
creeks,  as  drains  to  carry  oftthe  rain  wa- 
ter which  comes  down  from  the  large  in- 
land fwamps,  or  are  merely  arm^  of  the 
fea.  The  tide  in  no  psrt  of  the  flate, 
flows  above  25  miles  from  the  fea.  A  ca- 
nal of  ai  miles  in  length,  conneding 
Cooper  and  Santee  rivers,  is  completed, 
which  coft  £150,000  (lerling  ;  the  com- 
pany are  allowed  to  rai:e  a  toil  of  25  per 
cent,  on  the  fum  adtually  expended.  It 
is  35  feet  wide  at  top,  20  at  the  bottom. 
It  is  death  by  the  law  for  any  man  will- 
fully to  brcalc  or  deftroy  any  part  of  it. 
Another  canal  is  ibon  to  be  begun  to  unite 
the  Edido  with  Afliley.  Several  compa- 
nies are  incorpcrated  fpr  the  improve- 
ment of  inland  navigation.  It  is  alfo  iit 
contemplation  to  make  a  waggon  road 
from  the  fettlements  in  S.  Carolina,  over 
the  mountains  to  Knoxville,  in  Teneflee  ; 
and  a  fum  of  money  has  been  v<»ted  frtr 
that  purpofc.   The  only  harbour:  of  note, 

are 


i 


I 


^  mi 


•  / 


sou 

•rethofc  of  Cna.lefton,  Port  R(iyal,and 
Georgttowii.     ')  he  climate  is  diftVrent  in 
clillerint  parfc  of   tlic  Hate.     Along  the 
fca  coafl,  l)iiii)U3   dile-ifes   and  fevers    of 
Various    kinds    arc    prevalent    between 
July  and  Oilober.      Tiie  jrobability  of 
dying  is  mucli  greater  bet  wen  the  2Cth 
of    June    and     tlic     7.0th     o''   Odlober, 
than  in   the   other  ti;]ht  months  in   the 
year.     One  caufc  of  thcfe  diftal":..-.,  is,  a 
low  marlliy  country,  whiili  is  jvtrflt)vved 
for  the  fake  of  cultivating  rirc.    The  cx- 
h;ilaiions   from    thefe   ll.tf  .atcd  wtters, 
from  the  rivers,  and  from  the  neighbour- 
ing ocean,  and  the  profufc  perfpiration 
of   vej^ctabk.i  of  ail  ki;i(ls,  wliicli  corer 
the  ground,  fill   the  air   wiih  moiflurc. 
Ihis  nioi(hire  falls  in  frrqncnt  rains  and 
copious  dews.     From  ai^u  d  obforvation, 
it  h\s  been  found  that  the  average  annu- 
al fall  of  rain,  for  ten  years,  \v;;s  4.'-  inchr  s, 
without  regardingthemoiftnre  tliat  fell  in 
fogs  and  dews,  I'iie  great  heat  of  tjjc  day 
reLxes  the  body,  and  the  agreeable  cool- 
iiefs  of  the  evening  invites  to  an  expofnre 
to  thefe  heavy  dews.     But  not  only  docs 
the  water  on  the  low  grounds  aiid    rice 
fwanips  become  in  a  degree  putrid,  and 
emit  an  unwholefomft^apour,  but  when 
it  is  dried  up  or  drawn  off  from  the  fur- 
fare  of  the  ground,  aquantityof  wi  :.'dsand 
gr^fs  which  have  been  rotted  by  the  wa- 
ter, and  animals  and  iifli  whicli  have  been 
riellroytd  by  it,  are  expofcd  to  the  intenfe 
heat  of  tlic   fiui,  ;ind  help  to  inl'cdl  the 
air  with  a  quantity  of  poifonous  eflluvia. 
^V'itilin  the  limits  of  Charlelhm,  the  cafe 
is  vcy  diiTirent,  and  the  danger  of  con- 
tracting difeafes   arifes  from    indolence 
and  txcel's.     Though  a  reftdcnce  in  or 
near   the   fwampj   is   very  injurious    to 
liealth,  yet  it  has   been  fati-.fa«i1orily  <*r-  ; 
ccrtained,  that  by   removing  three  miles  ; 
from  them,  into  t!ie  jjine  land  which  oc-  ] 
fjipies  the  middle  ground  between   the  ; 
rivers,  an  exemption  from  autumnrd   fc-  ' 
vers  may  Ijc  obtained,     'i'hc  difagrceiMc  | 
tfffcflri  of   this  climate,   experience   has  • 
proved, mi{»ht  in  a  ('.reatmcafurebeavoid- 
fd;  by  thofe  inhabitants  wliofe  ciruniftan-  ' 
CCS  will  admit  of  their  removal  from  the 
neigbourhood    of   the  rice   fwamps,    to 
jiealthicr  fituations,  during  the  moiitiisof 
July,  Augart,  Stptcmbsr  and  Oclohcr  ; 
and  in  the  worft  lituations,  by  tempcr- 
jnce  ind  care.  Violent  excrcil'conhorfc- 
back  chiefly,  expofnre  to    the   meridian 
r'lypof  ihefun,fuddenfliow€rs  of  rain, and 
the  night  air, are  too  frcqmntly tlu>  canfcs 
pf  fevers  and  other  diibrUwrs;.    Wculd  the 


SOU 

fporlfmen   deny  themftlvcs,  during  the 
f.ill  months,  theirfavouritc  aniuiVmtntsof 
hunting  and  iilhing,  or  confine  thcmlelvcs 
to  a  very  few  hours,  in   tJie  morning  or 
evening  ;  would   the  induftrious  planter 
vifit    his  fields  only  at  the  fame  hours; 
or  wouirl  the  poorer  clafs  of  people  pay 
due  attention  to  their  manner  of  iiviiiy, 
aiidobitrve  the  precautions  recommend- 
ed t(j  them  by  men  of  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience, much    lickiiefs  and  many  dil- 
treding  events  miyht  be  prevented.     The 
upper  country,   liiuatcd  in  the  medium 
becween   extreme    heat  and  cold,  is   ai 
healthful  as  any   part  of  the  U.  States. 
Tlie  mountains  are  ranged  in  regular  di- 
rt-iflions.     The  climate  is  agrecatilc  ;  thi; 
foow  is  fcldom  more  than  an  inch  deep, 
thawing  at  the  firlt  appearance  of  the  fun, 
Sometimes  ihe  pondi  permit  Hiding  and 
flcating.     Vegetation  commences  in  Ixlj, 
The   maple,  the   willow  and   alder  firfl  ; 
foon  after  the  plumb  and  peach  tre/s  arc 
in  bloffom.     Hurricanes  and  ftorn's  are 
not  unfrequent  in  tliis  climate,     Ejcciit 
the  high  hills  of  Saiitce,  the  Ridge,  and 
lonie  lew  other  hills,  this  country  is  like 
one  cxteniive  plain,  till   you  reach  the 
Tryon    and    Hog'wck    Mountains,    2:0 
milts  N  W  of  Charlefton.     There  is  ex- 
hibit! d  from  the  top  of  thcfe  mountains 
an  extenfive  view  of  this  fiate,  N.  Caro- 
lina, and  Georgia,     And  as  no  o^yeifl  in- 
tervenes to  oblirut^  the  view,  a  man  with 
t:lcfci)pic  eyes  mi^hl  difeern  vefTels  at  fca. 
The  mountains  W  and  N  W  rife  much 
higher  th.T.11  tiiefe,  and  form  a  ridge,  which 
divides  tiie  waters  of  'I'eneflce  and  Sanr. 
tee    rivers.    The  fea  eoafl   m   bordered 
with  a  chain  of  fine  fea  ifl.  <  ds,  around 
which  the  fea  flows,  opening  nn  excellent 
inland  navigation,  for  the  conveyance  of 
produce  to  market,     Nof  Charlellon  har- 
i)our,  lie  Eull's,  Dewce's  and   Sullivan's 
i (lands,  which   form  the  N   part  of  the 
harbour,    James'  ifland  lies  on  the  other 
fide  of  the  harbour,  oppofitc  Ciiarlefhin, 
containing  about  50  families.     Further  S 
W  is  John's  ifland,  larger  than  James'; 
Stono  river,  which  forms  a  convenient 
and  fafe   harbour,  divides  thefe  illanda, 
<^ontignot!s  to  John's  ifland,  and  connee^- 
ed  with  it  by  a  bridge,  is  Wadmelaw  ;  li 
of  which  are  the  fmall  ifles  of  Keywaw 
and  Simmon.     Bttwecn  thefe  and  Ediflo 
Ifland,  isN,  Ediflo  inlet,  which  alfo  alFon > 
a  good  harbour  for  velVelsofeafy  riraitui 
water,   .S  of  EdifVo  Ifland  is  S.  Ediflo  Inii t 
thronghwhich  cnter,from  the  northw.irri 
all  the  vcflels  bound  to  Ecaufort,  Aflte-- 


poo,  Com!: 

5  W  fide  o 
ter  of    ifla 
which  is  Pc 
Royal    lie 
Paris  Ifland 

6  in  numbe 
called  from" 
wild  game  fi 
iflands,  and 
long  to  St,  K 
river,  you  ct 
fouthern  fea 
SWofHiltoi 
Dawfulkics', 
between  wh 
Caliboqie  ri' 
the  outlet  of 
foil  on  thef( 
adapted  toth 
ton  than  the 
The   natural 
which  is  lb  e) 
the  palmetto 
of  \vhieh,  in 
was    (xpcrien 
M(o  fmall  pii 
tie,  wild  olive 
and  coarfe  fa 
morefcrtHe  p 
oik,  hickory, 
The  whole  ftai 
100  miles  fron 
»"?;,  is  low  an 
ftnne,  and  abo 
ly  on  and   ne; 
or  marflics,  wl 
tivated,  jield, 
averafje,  an  am 
no  dollars  for  c 
"'ore  ;  but  thi 
cultivated  by  ^ 
gering  both  liea 
do  not  cover 
ftiite  of  Carolin 
gradml  afcent 
land  rifcs  abou 
proceed  in  u  W 
'on,  commence 
ti-y-  The  travel 
or  defccnding  I 
fure  fcems  to  h 
'fa  pretty  high 
fdiand  transfor 
vety  form  the 
ment  of  transfo 
the  eye  with  fm 
Some  little  herb 
grow  on   this   ft 
ftWf  and  have  b 


sou 


sou 


poo,  Combahcc,  and  Coofaw.     On  t)ie 

5  W  fide  of  St.  Helem  lllanJ  lies  a  cluf- 
ler  of  idands,  one  of  the  Ijrgell  of 
which  is  Port  Royal.  Adjacent  to  Port 
Royal  lie  St.  Helena,  L.ndies  Ifiand, 
Paris  Ifland,  and  the  Hunting  Ulanda  5  or 

6  in  number,  bordering  on  the  ocean,  fo 
calkd  from'thc  number  of  deer  and  otiier 
wild  game  found  upon  thfm.  Ail  thcfe 
iflands,  and  fomc  others  of  lefs  note,  be- 
long to  St.  Helena  parifli.  Crolfing  Broad 
river,  you  tome  to  Hilton  Head,  the  niofl 
fouthcrn  fea  ifland  in  Carolina.  W  .tikI 
&  Wof  Hilton  H.id,  lie  Pinckney's,  Bull's, 
Dawfulkics',  and  fome  fmallcr  illands, 
between  which  and  Hilton  Hu-:id,  arc 
Calibo<»ie  river  and  found,  wliicb  form 
the  outlet  of  May  and  Ntw  rivers,  'i'hc 
foil  on  thcfe  ifl'^inds  isgtnerally  better 
a<lapted  to  the  culture  of  indigo  and  cot- 
ton than  the  main,  and  lefs  fuitcd  to  rice. 
The  natural  growth  is  the  live  oak, 
which  is  fo  excellent  for  fliip  timber ;  and 
the  palmetto  or  cabbage  tree,  the  utility 
of  which,  in  the  conftrudtiou  of  forts, 
was  experienced  during  the  late  war. 
Alio  fmall  pines,  b  ly  tries,  eedar,  myr- 
tle, wild  olive,  pi  ickly  pear,  feafule  oats, 
and  coarfe  faline  gralles.  Other  fpots 
more  fcrtite  produce  white,  red  and  live 
oik,  hickory,  faffafras,  elm  and  laurel. 
The  whole  ftate,  to  the  diflanic  of  80  or 
100  miles  from  the  fta,  generally  fpeak- 
ing,  is  low  and  level,  alniott  without  a 
flone,  and  abounds  more  or  lefs,  efpccial- 
ly  on  .ind  near  the  rivers,  with  fwamps 
or  marflics,  which  when  clc;'.red  and  cul- 
tivated, jield,  in  favourable  fe;tfons,  on 
average,  an  annual  income-  of  from  20  to 
40  dollars  for  each  acre,  and  often  much 
more  ;  but  this  fprcies  of  foil  cannot  be 
cultivated  by  white  men,  without  endan- 
gering both  healthand  life.  Thcfe  fwamps 
do  not  cover  an  Inuidrcdth  part  of  the 
(late  of  Carolina.  In  this  diftance,  by  a 
jrradml  afcent  from  the  fei  coa!!,  the 
land  rifes  about  190  feet.  Here,  if  you 
proceed  in h  W  N  W couife  from  Charlef- 
ton,  commences  a  curiotifly  uneven  coun- 
try. The  traveller  is  conftantty  afeending 
or  defcending  little  fand  hills,  which  na- 
ture fecms  to  have  difunited  in  a  frolic. 
If  a  pretty  high  fea  were  fuddcniy  arreft- 
ed,  and  transformed  into  f^nd  hills,  in  the 
veiy  form  the  waves  csiftcd  at  the  mo- 
ment of  transformation,  it  would  prefent 
the  eye  with  fuch  a  view  as  is  here  fccn. 
Some  little  herbage,  and  a  few  fmall  pines, 
grow  on  this  foil.  The  inliabitants  are 
few,  and  have  but  a  fcanty  fubiiAcace  on 


corn  and  fwect  jiotatoes,  whicligrow  here 
tolerably  well.  Yet  fertile  veins  of  land 
upon' a  clay  or  marl  foundation  occa- 
fionally  interfei51:  thtfe  barrens,  produc- 
ing wliite  and  red  oak,  cliefnut  oak,  lliort 
leaved  pine,  gum,  hickory,  elm,  beech, 
walnut,  maple  and  many  otiier  kinds  of 
wood,  which  love  a  generous  foil.  This 
curio'is  country  continues  till  you  arrive 
at  a  place  caILd  the  PMjc,  140  miles  from 
CharUflon.  This  rid^'c  is  h  remarkable 
trad  of  hi^Ii  j^niund,  ;•»  jou  .tpproach  it 
from  the  fea,  but  level  as  ycm  advance  N 
W  from  its  fuuimit.  It  is  a  fiue,  high, 
I  eaitliy  lult  of  land,  well  watered,  aud  of  a 
g'.iod  foil,  and  extends  from  tl>t  oavanuah 
•'1  Broad  riv(  r,in  about  6  30  W  Ion.  froni 
Philadelphia.  Ijeyoud  tliis  rid^'c,  com- 
miuccsa  touutiy  cxaiftly  rcfen.b'ing  the 
iu)rtliern  States,  or  like  Devonlliire  in 
Ku'^land,  or  i.anguedoc  in  France.  Here 
hills  and  dales,  with  ail  their  verdure  and 
variegated  bciuity,  prcfent  tliemlcives  to 
the  lye.  Wheat  fields,  which  are  rare 
in  the  low  country,  begin  to  grow  com- 
mon. Here  Heaven  hiis  bellowed  iti 
bkilings  with  a  nn.fl  bounteous  hand- 
Thc  .iir  is  much  more  temperate  and 
healtl'ful  than  nearer  the  fea.  Tlie  hills 
are  covered  with  valuable  woods,  the 
vallies  watered  with  beautiful  livtrs.and 
the  fertility  of  ihc  foil  is  tqua!  to  every 
vegetable  produ^ition.  Tliis,  by  way  of 
dillimition,  is  called  the  Ujf:r  Cnyniry, 
where  are  dit]erent  modes  and  dilfercnt 
articles  of  cultivation  ;  where  the  man- 
ners of  the  people,  and  even  their  lan- 
guage have  a  dltTcrent  tone.  The  land 
ftill  rifes  by  a  gradual  afcent  ;  each  fnc- 
cceding  hill  overlooks  tli.it  which  imme- 
diately precedes  it,  till,  having  advanced 
2S0  mik.3  in  a  N  \V  direClion  from 
Charlcdon,  the  elevation  of  the  land 
above  the  fea  co;ift,  is  found  by  menfura- 
tion  to  be  800  feet.  litre  commences  a 
mountainous  country,  which  continues 
rifmg  to  the  wcflern  terminating  point 
o(  this  flate.  The  mountains  are  ranged 
in  regular  dirctSlions.  Of  the  particular 
fummits  1'Mf  mounhrit  is  the  niofl  remark- 
able. It  rifes  in  Pendleion  dirtridt,  Wof 
the  S  fork  of  Saluda  river,  4  or  jinilet 
from  the  N  boundary  of  the  flate.  It  it 
3168  feet  higher  th;.n  the  furrounding 
country,  probably  43CO  above  the  ocean. 
On  one  hde  is  a  precipice  of  fulld  rock, 
900  feet  perpendicular  ;  the  valley  helow 
is  equally  deep  on  that  fide,  making  the 
height  of  the  chafm  6  or  800  yard-'.  Weft- 
ward  aad  feparatcd  only  by  u  valley  rifet 

the 


'  i'k-'S, 


■.'{    ■«,!' 


'*    .1 


•ti 


Ni'i- 


sou 


SOXS 


the  lofty  Colenoy.  In  the  fame  diftridl 
the  Occonnee  mountain  Hfts  its  fumniit  j 
ur  600  yards  above  the  adjacent  lands. 
From  Paris':*  mountain  i»  a  delightful 
profpedl.  Much  iron  ore  and  a  fpecimen 
<>rgoid  have  been  found  here.  Near  its 
liafc  is  a  fulphur  fpi'ing  of  ftrong  powers. 
The  fuil  may  be  divided  iflto  four  kinds ; 
Jlrjl,  the  pine  ban  en,  which  is  valuable 
Dniy  for  its  timber.  Intcrfperfcd  among 
the  pine  barren,  are  traifls  of  land  fr<  e  of 
timl)cr  and  tvcry  kind  of  growth  but 
that  of  grafs.  TluTc  fr.idU  are  called 
Suviumas,  conflitutiuj^  a  /f.  i>/(^kiiid  of  foil, 
jood  for  grazing.  'J'hc  tJ  !rJ  kind  'u  that 
of  the  fwamps  aikd  low  ,;round«  on  llu- 
rtver>,  which  is  :<  iclxtiirc  of  black  loam 
nnd  fat  clay,  prod'^rin^  naturally  cants 
in  great  t>t«.nty,  cyj/^.l-*,  br.ys,  loL)li)lly 
pines,  5ic-.  In  theft  fwannis.rict  is  (.iilti- 
Vated,  wliicli  conflitutcs  the  Oapie  coni- 
jnodity  of  the  (tale.  The  hi^h  land.s 
commonly  known  by  tiie  name  of  oak, 
and  hickory  lands,  conflltutt  the  fourth 
kind  of  foil.  The  natural  growth  is  oak, 
hickory,  walnut,  pine,  and  locuft.  On 
thefe  lands,  in  the  low  country,  art  culti- 
vated Indian  corn  priiucipally  ;  and  in 
the  back  country,  bcfide  thcfc,  they  raift 
tobacco  in  Urge  quantities,  wheat,  rye, 
barley,  oats,  hemp,  flax,  and  cutuui. 
From  experiments  which  have  been  made, 
it  is  well  afecrtained  that  olives,  (ilk,  and 
madder  may  be  as  abundantly  produced 
in  S.  Carolina,  and  we  may  add  in  Geor- 
gia alfo,  as  in  the  S  of  France.  There  is 
little  fruit  in  this  ftate,  cfpecially  in  the 
lower  parts  of  it.  They  iiave  oranges, 
^vhich  arc  chiefly  four,  and  figs  in  plenty, 
a  few  limes  and  lemons,  ponu-granales, 
pears,  and  peaches ;  apples  are  fearct,  and 
arc  imported  from  the  northern  ftatts. 
Melons,  cfpecially  the  water  mtllon,are 
raifed  here  in  great  pcrfetStion.  The  riv- 
er fwamps,  in  which  rice  can  bt  culti- 
Tatcd  with  any  tolerable  dcgi  ee  of  fafety 
and  fuccefs,  do  not  extend  higher  up  the 
rivers  than  the  head  of  the  tides  ;  and  in 
cdimatiug  the  value  of  this  fpeeiibof  rice 
land,  the  height  which  the  tide  rifcs  is 
taken  into  confideration,  thofe  lying 
wherj  it  rifes  to  a  proper  pitch  for  over- 
flowin}'  the  fwamps  being  the  mod  vaiua- 
Lle.  The  bed  inland  fwamps,  which  con- 
(litutc  a  fecond  Ipccies  of  rice  l.md,  arc 
Ijich  ae  are  fumidted  with  rcferveu  of  wa- 
ter. Thefe  referves  arc  formed  by  means 
of  large  banks  throv/n  up  at  the  upper 
parts  of  the  fwamps,  M'hencc  it  is  convey- 
ed, when  needed,  to   (he  £eld«  of  rice 


At  the  diftance  of  about  i  to  miiet  from 
the  fea,  the  river  fwamps  terminate,  and 
the  high  lands  extend  quite  to  the  rivers, 
and  form  banks,  in  fume  places,  feveral 
hundred  feet  high  from  the  furface  of 
the  water,  and  afford  many  cxteniivc  and 
delightful  views.  Thefe  high  banks  avo 
interwoven  with  layers  of  leaves,  and  dif- 
ferent coloured  earth,  and  abound  with 
quarries  of  free  ftone,  pebbles,  flint,  ei  yf- 
tals,  iron  ore  in  abundance,  filver,  lead, 
fulphur,  ,ifKl  co;.ri':  diamonds.  The 
fwamps,  ibovc  the  head  of  Ike  tide,  are. 
ocealionaliy  planted  with  cofii,  coiloii, 
and  indigo.  The  foil  is  very  rich,  yicld- 
in^^  Irom  40  to  50  hiifhtis  of  corn  an  at  re. 
It  is  curious  to  ohl'crve  the  grauat'uns 
from  the  lea  coafl  to  tlic  upper  couiiuy, 
with  relpci.1  to  the  jirodin  c,  the  niodf: 
of  <  ullivation,  and  tlie  euliivators.  On 
the  iilaridbupoTi  the  lea  coaft,  and  for  4^o 
or  "JO  miles  back,  and  on  t!ie  rivers  nuicii 
farther,  the  cultivator*  are  all  flaves.  Mo 
white  man,  to  fpcak  generally,  ever  tiii;  io 
of  fettling  -x  farm,  and  improving  it  ur 
himfelf,  without  negroes;  if  he  has  no 
negroes,  he  hires  himfelf  as  ovcrfeer  to 
loiiie  rich  planter,  till  he  can  pure!;  ifc 
for  himfelf.  The  articles  cultivated  r.rc 
corn,  rye,  oats,  tveiy  fpecics  of  pulit, 
and  potatoes,  which  with  the  fmall 
rice,  are  food  for  the  ne;;ro'.s  ;  rice, 
inc!ij:;o,  cotton,  and  fome  hemp,  lor  expor- 
tation. The  culture  of  eottoa  is  rapaiilc 
of  being  incrcafed  equal  to  almoft  any  de- 
mand. The  foil  was  cultivated,  till  late- 
ly, almoil  wholly  by  manual  labour. 
I'he  plough,  till  llnce  the  peace  was  fearce- 
ly  uftd.  Now  the  plough  and  harrow,  a.id 
other  improvements  are  introduced  into 
the  rice  fwamps  with  great  fueeels,  and 
will  no  dou1)t  become  general.  In  the 
middle  fettlciTients,  negroes  are  not  fo  n 
merous.  Tiie  mafler  attends  pcrfon.'.liy 
to  his  own  bulinefs.  The  land  is  not 
properly  iituated  for  rice.  It  produces 
tolerable  good  indigo  weed,  and  lome  to 
bacco  is  railed  for  exportation.  Tlie 
fanner  is  contented  to  raife  corn,  pe.i;.- 
toes.oats,  rye,  poultry,  and  a  little  wheat 
In  tiie  upper  ecmntvy,  there  are  but  fnv 
negroes  ;  generally  f'pcaking,  the  farmcri 
have  none,  and  depend,  like  the  inlubil- 
ants  of  the  northern  (tales,  upon  the  l.i 
hour  of  themfclves  and  families  for  I'ul)' 
liftence  ;  iltc  plough  is  ufed  almoft  wiiol' 
ly.  Indian  corn  in  great  quanritiu, 
wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  potato*',  &i'  11; 
raifed  for  food  ;  and  tobacco,  w1»eat,<'y  - 
ton,  Ucnip,  flan,  and  indigo,  for  tjipxri- 

tied. 


tJort.  '    Vri 
been  founc 
and  wine  n 
root,  pink 
nal  herbs  g 
feiigdii  an 
country  ab« 
ns  jrold,  filv 
and  iron ;  bi 
who  dirtifl 
fliem,  that 
knowledgeo 
ly  make  ule 
txtradling  tl 
are  likewifc 
of  different 
petrified  fnbf 
bie  beautiCul 
and  vitreous 
which,  when 
with    linfeed 
>aiiPt  ,   alfo,  I 
•  •'«■  texture, , 
o*  *i5<>  IttfA, 
wee^  j«rhidi  y 
its  leuv«?(i  are 
ly    rcfeMt>tiii; 
^fife,  A.n  aboiK 
fulphur,  nitre, 
M  rivers  iargi 
colie<acdi     'Ih 
roots,  the  tned 
the  haf  barous 
the   fceret   to 
The  rattle  fnali 
the  Indians  for 
the  number.     ' 
formed  a  count 
vantages,  or  bl# 
"r  healthful   el 
fiaine   of  all   ki 
country,  and  is 
growth  of  vines 
Tees,  and    the 
"  a  perfeift  gan 
its  medicinal  fpi 
»ny  in  Europe. 
Ih-  the  name  of  I 
»rel«uatedin  V 
nf  the  Catawba 
j'«f«  of  two  rriie: 
i"  an  inexhauHib 
orks  eafy  and  \ 
metal  is  good  foi 
h»v  kind  of  macl 
«Mf  will  make  go 
':>»    o'-en     niadr- 
"•omifes  well.     I 
>r'pHringfhp   or 
*":  ?»re  confias  ( 


n!!c<  from 
inate,  and 
the  rivers, 
es,  feveral 
furfiice   of 
teniivc  and 
I  hantcH  aro 
es,  and  tlil- 
tound  with 
,  flint,  ci  yU 
filvcr,  Iciid, 
nds.       TIk 
he  tide,  art;. 
^11,  coitmi, 
rich,  yicld- 
yrn  an  'Acie, 
;  jjrauirtiiins 
per  coi>»n-y, 
,   the   mode 
vaiora.      Oi\ 
,  ,uid  t'oi-  <)0 
rlvcih  niiicii 


iroviiig  It  u  r 
if  he  has  no 
ovcrfeci-  to 
:an  purch  ifc 
ultivaad  ^.rc 
ics  of  puilc, 
ii  the  i'lnall 
:pro'.s  ;  rice, 
i\p,  for  cxpttr- 
on  lb  rapa'  ' 


tiort.  t'roth  late  etperiiTirnts  !t  has 
been  found  that  vines  may  be  cultivated, 
and  wine  made  to  great  advantage ;  fnakc 
root,  pink  root,  and  a  variety  of  medici- 
nal herbs  grow  fpontatjcoufly  ;  alfu,  gin- 
feug  0n  and  near  tiie  ihountains.  This 
country  abounds  with  preciout  ore»,fuch 
as  Jt*ild,  filver,  l«d,  black  lead,  c6pper 
tdd  irotl ;  but  it  is  the  misfortune  of  thole 
who  dire(5t  their  purfuits  iu  fcirch  of 
tliem,  that  they  are  deficient  in  the 
knowledg«of  chymiftry,  and  too  frequent- 
ly make  ufc  of  improper  minftruums  in 
txtraifling  the  rel'peiftivc  metals.  There 
are  likewife  to  be  found  peilticid  floncB 
of  different  hues,  rock  cryftal,  pyrites, 
petrified  fubflances,coarfe  cornelian,  mar- 
ble bcautilully  variegated,  vitreous  Itone 
and  vitreous  faad;  red  andycH  )W  ochits, 
which,  when  roaflcd  and  ground  ilowa 
witii  linfced  oil  make  a  very  excrilcnt 
^aiiit  ,  alfo,  potter's  clay  ol  a  mofl  deli- 
#««<>  tcxtiM-e,  fuller's  earth,  and  a  number 
(yf  4^.  ftivt^!,  among  which  Is  a  lingular 
weei^  4r^hici>  yields  four  different  colours, 
its  leiV'  are  inrprifingiy  fVyjjtic,  flrong- 
ly  relcmbling  the  taltc  of  alum ;  like- 
tvifc,  .in  aliv>)dancc  of  chalk,  crude  alum, 
fiilphiir,  nitre,  vitriol,  and  along  the  hanks 
*f  rivers  large  quantities  of  marl  maybe 
Colleifted<  There  are  alfo  a  variety  of 
roots,  the  medicinal  efTctfls  of  which  it  is 
the  barbarous  policy  of  thofe  who  are  in 
the  fccret  to  keep  a  profound  myriery. 
'I'hc  rattle  fnakc  root,  fo  famous  ainonjjft 
the  Indians  for  the  cure  of  poiibn,  is  of 
the  number.  The  hand  of  nature  never 
formed  a  country  with  more  natural  ad- 
vantages, or  blrffed  it  with  a  more  itrenc 
or  healthful  climate.  It  ab(iOn(ls  with 
game  of  all  kind*:,  i«  a  very  fine  fruif 
I  country,  and  is  peculi.arly  adapted  t«  the 
growth  of  vines, the  olive,  filk,  ao<l  co€ce 
trees,  and  tlie  prMlutftinn  of  cotton,  h 
i«  a  perfei^t  garden  of  medical  Ke>^><,  and 
[its  medicinal  Cprifcgs  are  not  inferior  to 
[any  in  Europe.  1  he  irou  works,  known 
Ibv  the  name  of  the  yffra  JEiua  iron  -worit, 
|)rei<tuated  in  York  co.  within  two  mikn 
nf  (he  Catawba  river.  'Ulthin  the  com- 
^)nf«  of  two  miles  from  the  t'nrnacf ,  there 
iwi  inexhaulbble  quantity  of  ore,  wl»»»'h 
hvorks  cafy  and  well  in  the  furnace.  The 
pietal  is  good  for  hammers,  gudgeons,  or 
Hv  kind  of  niacl'.iuery  and  hollow  ware, 
iin^will  make  good  bar  ir'i#  Some  trial 
Vw  l)«.en  made  of  it  in  ileel,  and  it 
bromifes  well.  Mo«hif»g  is  necefrary  for 
rcpHringthe  ore 'or  irfr,  but  hurning 
rlx  ore  confids  o*'  i*rgt  rocks  above  the 

fOL.  f.  C  C  C  f 


SOU 


furfacc  f  tlie  di^pth  not  yet  known.,  'td 
the  cavities  between,  lie  an  ochre  and  H^d 
tire.  It  is  f.iid  there  will  be  no  oecafnni 
to  fink  (hafts  or  drive  IcVVirs  for  50  yt;*r» 
to  cOmc:  Thc^ra  furnace  was  built  in 
178?  ;  the  MtnK  in  1788.  Mr.  William 
MilJ,  one  of  the  principal  proprietors  of 
thefe  work".,  h  is  contrived  a  method,  bv 
mearis  of  a  fall  of  water,  of  blowing  ail 
the  (Ires  both  of  the  f'irges  and  turn  u'l.-., 
fo  as  to  render  unnccellary  the  filV'  (  f 
wheels,  cylinders,  or  any  other  kind  of  I<t'- 
lowg.  The  machinery  is  fimple  ar  i 
clitup,  and  no:  li,,ble  to  the  accident  cf 
freezing.  In  the  middle,  and  cfpcciaflv 
in  the  upper  country,  the  people  inann- 
factiirc  their  own  cotton  and  vvooUe  ■ 
cloths,  and  mod  ol'tlieir  hufbandry  ton's ; 
but  in  the  lij\vLr  coiiftt.-y,  the  inhabitant  , 
for  theft  artitlt.-,  depend  ainioft  cntircV 
on  thtir  mi.rchaiits.  I. ate  i>;roijnt»  from 
the  interior  partsof  this  (tai:  inform, thac 
cotton,  hemp,  and  flax  are  plenty  ;  that 
fhcy  have  a  confiJerablc  flock  of  gooil 
flieep  ;  that  great  exertions  arc  madejan.-i 
much  done  in  the  hotiftb'old  way  ;  that 
they  have  long  b.eu  irt  the  habit  of  do- 
ing fointthlng  in  family  iftanufai^urt  a,  bi;c 
within  a  few  years  p*ft  great  iniprovo 
menti  have  bei'n  made.-  The  women  d  > 
the  Weaving,  and  leave  the  men  to  attend 
to  ^griciilturc.  This  (tate  furniflics  all 
the  n)Ht  rials,  and  of  the  bell  Vir  3,  for 
fliip  oiii..)iiig.  The  live  oak,  anu  the 
pitch  a,  "  ; .  Ilow  uines,  arc  of  a  i'upcrior 
oi»:'lity.  much  attention  ta  now  paid 

t,>  nic  nisi  rftcb-ir,,  of  indigo,  in  this 
flate,  thru  it  >.d9  fair  to  rival  that  of  the 
Frei.c!  .  It  is  to  be  rewrettcd,  that  it  is 
ftiii  *+!€  pratSlice  1  the  merchants  con- 
Ce  >  d  in  the  CaroKtu  tr.adi,  to  fell  at 
.-"isgr,  ma'  .cts  th-;  Carolina  indigo  <f 
'!*r  firit  quality,  as  French.  Geutkmr'a 
oi  fartfcic,  her<;rcthe  laJc  var,  fcnt  their 
fon:  to  f.ufupc  for  cducsiion.  During 
the  war  and  fince,  tl  ry  have  gcnerallv 
l(nt  I*'*  to  the  nia*'  ^.nd  northern 
flatts.  Thofe  who  have  be«n  at  this  ex™ 
\H-i\ft  in  educating  thtir  fon»,  have  been 
bu'  i-omparatively  few  in  ni  niber,  fo  that 
the  itf^-tture  of  thf-  Ifatf;  is  at  .t  low  ebb. 
Since  tUf  peac*.  however,  it  has  bcguii 
to  flot>r^4s.  There  ar>:  f" /cral  refpecla- 
ble  aca4«Rucs  in  C^rtei'7'  .i,  one  at  Beau- 
fort, on  I'ort  Roysrl  Wland,  and  fev  ral 
o(h»  rs  i«  mKert  nt  pprt*  of  tlie  fkate.  Sit 
colle^yrs  hflvc  lately  been  isuorpornfed  by 
law,  but  they  dcfctve  nohi^lw  ai.|Mll.»- 
tion  than  grammar  ftlools.  Two  it 
them  bid  fair  to  be  honorable  ta  l^  tt^rt. 


liii 


:  "i    n 


¥''i\ 


f. 


«*'- 


9  J^^ 

*&;  WHntQtt  and  S.  CaroUoa  colVeget.  4t 
bfAfort  a  hpttl^  for  tbc  {^efidentiabiliUt, 
add  confraOt  pude  for  tfeiftiDe  a  co^jBge. 
T))fc  S.  CaroUna  mll«ge  it  to  be  €jMim4  „ 
at  Coluftibia.    Part  of  the  old  baRW^f 
in  CbarieAon  hat  been  haadfonciy  Mii  I 
up,-  aaci  converted  into  a  college. ;  ml4  [ 
there  arc  a  number  of  ftudents  ;  iwt  .w 
duet  not  yet  merit  a  more  dignified  nnnc 
than  that  of  a  refpe<£table  academy.  The 
Mount  Sion  college,  at  Winniborough,  it 
fupportcd  l)y  a  refpedlable  fociety  of  gen- 
tlemen, who  have  lung  been  incorporated. 
This  inftitution  fiouriihcs  and  bid*  fair 
for  ufefulnefs.    The  college  at  Cambridge 
i>  no  more  than  a  grammar  fchool.  That 
the  literature  of  this  (late  might  he  put 
upon  a  refpeiStable  footing,  nothing  i« 
wantin?  but  a  fpirit  of  cntcrprife  among 
It*  wealthy  iniiabitants.    The  Icgillaturc, 
in  their  fefllon  in  jaftuary,  1795,  appoint- 
ed a  committee,  to  inquire  into  the  pra<Sli- 
cability  of,  and  to  report  a  plan  for,  the 
edabliflimeat  of  fchoc'tt  in  the  different 
parts  of  the  ftate.      Since  the  revolution, 
l)y  which  all  denomin.itioDs  were  put  oa 
ail  equal  footing,  there  have  been  no  dif- 
puics    between  dtftcreiit  religious  fc<5l». 
They  all  agree  tOjdilFcr.   The  upper  parts 
of  this  ftate  are  fettled  chiefly  by  Frefty- 
t.'rians,   Eiaptifls  and  Methodids.     From 
the  moft  pi'obablc  calciilatioas,  it  is  fup- 
pofcd  that- the  religious  denominations  of 
'      this  llate,  as  to  numbers,  may  be  ranked 
as  follows  ;  Prdhyterians,  including  the 
Congregational  aud  Independent  rliurch- 
cs,    Epifcopalians, .  Baptills,   Methodifts, 
&c.     In  this  ftatc  are  a  numher  of  chari- 
table focietics.    The  S.  CaroUna  fociety 
has  large  funds,  nearly  ^-^0,000  (jterltng. 
From  this  fund  unfortuaatt  families  of  Its 
deceafed  meolI>ers  are  fuppurted  and  the 
children  educated-    The  annual  cspendi- 
ture  of  the  eftahlifliment  for  orfdians  is 
about  J 3,34;t,doll.rr?.    In  9  years  after  its 
inftitution,  544  girls,  and  941  boys  were 
entered  in  its  butiks.     The   little  atten- 
tion that  has  been  paid  to  manufa(^turet, 
occafions  a    vaft  confumption  of  foreign 
imported  articles  ;  but  the  quantity  and 
value  oif  their  exports  generally  leave  a 
balance  jn  favor  of  the  (late,  except  when 
there  have  been  large  importations  of  ne- 
groet .  The  foreign  tr^dc  of  S.  Carolina 
u  with  Europe  apd  theW.lndi^s.  To  thcfe 
ijountrlet  arc  exported  rice,  indigo,  cot- 
ton, tobacco,  i^jir,  pitch,tturpeotioc.  The 
following  is  the  amountiof  tunaHge«f  the 
ftate  for  3  years.     In  1796  it  was  36985 
t6ns,iy[79;,,  39,ia»,  in  1798,41,876. 


Tiiejei^ortt  of  the  ft«t«  forthe  ttuUrfng 
feM».iMte  ia  179^1,  a,69a,»67,  in  »t9i, 
%,i%t,inSr  In  1)193,  3.»9«.*Wte  •»  l794, 
3.867*90*,  in  S795>  Jif98>49>i  >n  W96. 
7,6x0,049,  in  17^^    1^9i6m,  ^n  1798. 
6,994,179,  10  ti^9,  <t7a9>oi5>  >a  '^°^> 
xv639>36j  doilnn.    CharlcAon  it  by  far 
the  moft   eonfideiiable  city  ou  ^c  fea 
coaft»  for  no  extent  «if6co  miles..   From 
if  nee  annnetly  expoftcd  about  the  value 
of  two  milUont  and  a  half  of  dollars,  in 
native    conniifaditees  ;    and  it  fnpplics, 
with  imporlMl  goods,  a  great  part  of  the 
iahj(hitanu  of  ll»  Carolina  and  Georgia,  | 
as  well  at  thofe  of  S.  CaroUna.    The  har- 
bour is  open  ail  the  winter,  and  its  con-  j 
tiguity  to  the  W.  India  iflands  gives  tiir 
me  rchants  fuperior  advantages  for  carry- 1 
ing  on  a  peculiarly   lucrative  commerce.  [ 
A  waggon  road  of  fifteen  miles  only  is  all 
that  is  wanted,  to  open  a  communication  | 
with  the  inhal^iiants  of  TeneHee.    Knox- 
ville,  the  capita!  nf  that  (late,  is  100  miles  I 
nearer  to  Charlefton  than  to  any  other  I 
cnnftderablefeapott  town  on  the  Atlantic  | 
Ocean.     The  reformation  in  France  oc- 
caAoned  a  tivil  war  between  the  Protef-| 
tant  and  Catholic  par^p  .in  that  king- 
dom.     During  tltefc  domeflic  troubles,! 
Jafper  de  Coligni,  a  {M^incipal  commaiulerl 
of  the  proteftant  army,  fitted  out  1  fliipi, 
and  fent  them  with  a^:olony  to  America,! 
under  the  command  of  Jean  Riband,  fori 
the   purpofe  of  fecurinjr  a  retreat  froml 
profeculioo.  Riband  landcU  at  what  is  now| 
called  Albemarle  river,  in  N.  Caroiinaj 
This   colony,  after  enduring  increclihl 
hardfliips,  were  extirpated  by  the  Sj)an-j 
iards.     No  further  attempts  were  made 
tofxlaot  a  colony  in  this  quarter,  till  il« 
rei^  of  Charles  II.  of  England. 

Souti  Eafy  a  poft  town  in  Dutchef^  coJ 
N.  York,  .'^00  miles  froB!  WaiUngton.  lt| 
has  1956  inhabitants. 

Southern  Slatea  ;   thc^litet  of  MaryUii^i\ 
Firginia,  Kentucky,  N.  CirrMina,  Tenrffee 
Cafolha, »ad  Georgia,hr)\  .ded N  hyPend 
lylvanla,   are   thus   dcuomi«ated.     Thii 
diftridt  of  tht  Ueien  contiiiiM  upward 
of  1 ,900,000'  iB4«»bita««fi,  of  wlMHn648,43jl 
arc  Haves,  vfhich'ntiirmiai/atirttmtluodhi 
whole  numher  of  fl»ws  m  the   Unite 
States.    The  influence  of  flavery  has  proJ 
duced  a  very  di(lingui(hing  feature  in  the 
general   chara^er   of    the    inhabitant* 
which,  though  now  difccrnable  to  iii<ii| 
di  fad  vantage,  has  been  foftencd  and  meJ 
liorated  by  "Ibe  benign  elFciftt  of  tiie  reve 
olutton,    and    the  progrefs    of  liberty 
and  humanity.    The  foUowin.?  may 
■»v  conliderc 


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canGdered  ai 
uf  thi(  divii 
wheat,  corn,i 
and  lumber, 
permanent  1 
nent,  viz.  ih 

&  £  corner  ol 
the  ConneAic 
South  Cctrg 
in  the  S.  Atlai 
Horn,  the  fov 
in  lat.  about , 
One  of  tbefe  I 
iO  leagues  in 
S»iit(>  Hadle^ 
fettt,  HHmpfii 
Conae<fticHt  r 
field,  6  S  £  o 
fioflon,  and  i 
was  iiicorpon 
Sot  inhahitan 
in  South  Hadl( 
ticut  river,  ma 
igating  round  i 
l>egun  in   179; 
riie  falls  are' 
andijnce  the 
and  canals,  the 
increafe  of  tra 
the  rive]r.    Soi 
rd  on  thefe  cad 
^ter  works  m. 
iieerecSbed  hci 
i>a(ie  it  one 
pUccsfor  thel 
'>tHte8.  .     Can; 
tlie  fame  Cora 
Montgomery, 
aad  Oil  the  faro 
>*>Wi  Humpt 
t*een   Jamfes* 
It  coatains 
*».S  flaves.    Ti 
rrom  Norfolk, 
\m  from  PhU 
I    Soulb  ifamfH 
IHiire,  Rockin] 
J<tie  ftalc,  whic 
Ichufctts;  1 6  mi 
|<SNWfr0mK 
Ifrom  Hampton 
|and  coatains  3 
South  HampU 
'ts,  HatHpflti 
^»ft  Hampton 


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** 


stnr 

C0nfi<lered  at  the  principal  ^iroAiAionl 
tif  tbi*  diviilon  ;  tobacco,  rice,  indigo, 
wheatt  corn,cottoa,  tar,  pitch,  turnentSne, 
and  lumber.  In  this  diftri€t  is  fixed  the 
permanent  feat  of  the  general  govern- 
ment, viz.  the  city  of  Waihingtoo. 

SouthfiiU,  a  townfliip  in  Manachufetts, 
5  £  corner  of  ficrkfliire  eo,  bounded  8  hj 
the  ConneAicut  line,  containing  %%o  fouU. 

South  Ceorgia,A  cludcr  of  barren  iflands, 
in  the  &  Atlantic  Ocean,  to  the  £  of  Cape 
Horn,  the  fouthcrn  point  of  8.  Amenca  ; 
io  lut.  aboHt  J4  50  S,.  and  loo.  36  30  \V. 
One  of  thefe  i«  faid  to  be  between  50  and 
dp  leagues  in  length. 

Sautp  HaMef,  a  poft  town  of  Mafiachu> 
r«tu,  Hampfiiire  ca  on  the  E  bank  of 
Conae<fticHt  iriver^  1%  miles  N  of  Spring- 
field, 6  S  £  of  Northampton,  9.6  W  of. 
Bofton,  and  4x2  from  Waflungton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains: 
Sot  inhaliitants.  The  locks  and  canaU 
in  South  Hadley,  on  the  £  fide  of  Connec> 
ticut  river,  made  for  the  purpofe  of  nav« 
igating  round  the  falk  in  the  river,  wer^ 
I  begun  in  1793,  and:  completed  in '1795. 
The  falls  are  about  3  milesr  in  length, 
I  and  iincc  the  coRipletioa  of  thefe  locks 
and  canals,  there  haa  been  a  confidcrable 
increafe  of  tranfportation  up  and  down 
the  river.  Some  mills  are  already  ercA- 
cd  on  thefe  cant^lB,'acad  a  great  variety  of 
water  works  may,  and  doubtleft  will,  iooa 
beereifted  her«,  as  nature  and  art  have 
niade  it  one  of  the  moft  advantageous 
pUces  for. thefe  purpofes,  in  the  United 
hitHtes.  .  emails  are  alfo' opening  by 
t lie  fame  Company,  at*  Miller's  FaUs  in 
I  Montgomery,  about  aj  miles  above  tbc£e' 
I  aad  on  the  fame  'fide!  of  the  river. 

>ioutb  HumptM,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  be- 
Ittreen  Jambs's  river,  and  N.  Carolina. 
lit  contains  7300  free  inhobitanU,  and 
j(a.sflaves.  The  coart  honle  is  36  miles 
Krom  Norfolk,  «54n)n  GicenviUey  and 
\m  from  Philadelphia. 
I  •$<«< j&  JEr<mj|Bito*fa  townfinp  of  N.  Hamp- 
Ifliire,  Rockingium,  eoj  on  the  S  line  of 
Ithe  ftalc,  which  lisparates  it  from  Mafla- 
Ichufetts;  i6mtlesS  Wof  Portfmouth,and 
|6N  W  from  Newtinrypcro  It  was  taken 
■from  Himpton,  and  incorporated  in  1742, 
|and  contains  387  inhabitants. 

Snutb  JiamfitoHt'z  townfliipof  MaiTachu- 
ptts,  Hanpflfire'  en.  and  Separated  from 
"aft  Hampton  by  Pawttwket  river.  It 
nt  incorporated  in  i7J3,and  contains 
9^i  inhabitants  ;  about  ^  miles  S  W  of 
^'orthampton.; 

Swtb  Hamptdti,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York, 
puffolk  c(V  Long  U     By  means  of  Sa|g 


SOU  > 

HarlMJUrj  ft  carries  oa'u  CaaAtmrnK  9 
contains  3670  inhabitants.  It  it  Itirmiles 
froiM  sags.  Harbour,  18  from  Suftblk 
court  houfe,  95  £  of  N.  York,  and  335 
from  Wafhington. 

Soutb  Hampton,  two  townfliips  of  Penn- 
fylVaniR,thc  one  in  Buck's  co.  the  other 
in 'that*  of  FranUin. 

SMb  Hampton,  a  townlhip  intheeaft> 
ern  part  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  Halifax 
county.  It  was  formerly  called  Tatma« 
gouche,  and  is  35  mile«  from  Onflow. 

South  Hemp  m,  a  poft  town  in  Genafi 
fee  CO J^I.  York,  486miletfromWafI^gton 

South  Htmpjica J,  k  tow nHup  of  N.  York, 
(^een's  CO.  Long  I.  had  its  name  altered 
in  1796  by  the  legiflature  into  Hemp* 
ftead.  The  inhabitants  4141  in  number, 
have  the  privilege!  of  oyfteringi  Sfliing, 
and  clamming,  in  the  creeks,  bays,  and 
harbours  of  N.  Hempftead,  and  they  in 
return  have  the  fame  right  in  S.  Hempftead. 

South  Htroy  or  Grand  Iflanii,  in  Lake 
(%amplain.    See  Htro. 

Siuthhdd,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Yoi'k,  Suf- 
folk CO.  Long  I.  It  includes!  Biflier's« 
BtaiB,  Robin's  and  Gulf  Iflands,  a^d  ail 
that  part  of  the  manor  of  St.  Gcoi-ge  on 
the  N  fide  of  Peaconock,  evading  W  to 
the  E  line  of  Brook  Haven.  It  is  di- 
vided into  a  number  of  parities,  and  hou- 
f«s  fior  public  worfhip,aitd  cotitains  22  roin- 
liabitant*.  it  was  iettled  in  1640,  by  the 
Rev.  Jolui  Young  and  his  adherents,  orig- 
inally from  £ngland,  \xax.  lail  from  Salem 
in  Maftachuietts. 

SouiloU  Toivnjbip,  in  Suffolk  ca  U. 
Canada,  lies  W  of  Yarmouth,  having  lake 
£rie,  for  its  fouthcrn  boundary.    Smyth. 

Southold,A^o&  town  in  SufFoik  co.  N. 
York,  353  miles  from  Wafltington. 

SotiiL  Huntington,  a  townfhip  in  Wcft- 
moreland  co.  Pennfylvania. 

^m«^'/n^M,  a  townfliip  of  Haitford  co. 
Connecticut,  ao  miles  S  W  of  Hartford, 
and  22  N  of  N.  Haven.  It  has  1704  in- 
habitants. 

South  K'lHgJlon,  a  townflup  of  Rhode 
I.  Wafliington  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Narra- 
ganfct  Bay.    It  contaiiie  3438  inhabitants. 

South  Mountain,  a  part  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  in  Pcnnfylvjmia.  Near  this 
mountain,  about  14  miles  from  the  town 
of  CarUfl«,a  valuable  copper  mine  was 
difcovered  in  Sept.  1795. 

5mM  Keyi  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of  the 
Bahamas,  in  the  Vf.  Indies.  N  lat.  %% 
21,  W  Ion.  74  6. 

South  Sea,  now  more  ufually  diftinguifli- 
ed  by  the  name  of  Pacific  Ocean,  was  fo 
named  by  the  Spaniardbn  afCoi:  they  iiad 


,,\    '[<    ** 


SPA 


SPA 


pt^edO!r«r  the  mount  »tiu  of  t!ie  Ifthmiu 
of  Ditnen  Qr  Panama,  from  N  to  H.  It 
might  properly  be.  named  the  W«ftem 
Oceaaiwidi  ri.';;arct  to  America  in  gener- 
al ;  but  from  t!ie  Idhmus  it  appeared  to 
them  in  H  i'outliern  dire«Aion.  hi  the 
bunutirulitlaiKii  in  this  ocean,  the  cold  of 
■winter  is  never  known  ;  the  tree*  fridom 
lolc  thi'n-  lo&viif  through  the  cooftant 
fucceiHo:.  vt  vegetation,  and  the  tree» 
bear  fruit  through  the  greateQ  pare  of 
♦he  year,  The  neat  ii  always  alleviated 
by  alterqate  brec:scs,  whilA  the  inhabit- 
ants fit  under  the  fhadow  of  groves, 
adoiiferous,  and  loaded  with  abundance. 
Thii;  fky  is  ferene  ;  the  nights  beautiful ; 
and  the  fea,  ever  oflcring  its  incxhaufti- 
Mc  (lores  of  food,  an^  an  eafy  and  pleair 
ing  conveyance. 

Jie^ti  Tbufe,  or  Souiber»  Tliule,  in  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  is  the  mod  fouthern  land 
^vhich  h.t8  H(  any  time  been  dil'covercd  by. 
navigators.     ^  lat.  59  34,  W   Iqn.  %7  45. 

5o«MTD;V/f,  and  townfliip  of  Mailachur 
fctts,  liampihire  co.  no  miles  from  Bof- 
tun  aod  la  S  W  of  Springiield.  it  was 
incorporated  iu  1770,  and  coqlaini^  867 
inhabitants. 

.S0////1  i^'e^fi  Faint,  in  TenefTco,  is  form- 
ed by-  th:.  confluence  of  Cli|icl'  wUh  Ten- 
«U'ee  i^cr,  where  a  block  houfc  is  eretSk* 
«d,  40  mUes  from  Knoxville,;  and  587 
from  Wailiington.     Here  is  a  port,  oiHce. 

Smtl>  IVaJiinjrton,  a  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
Qn  the  N  E  branch  iof  Cupe  Fdr  river, 
which  is  navig^ible  thus  f;ir  for  bodts.  It 
is  S3  miles  from  Crofs  Ruads  near  Dup- 
IU1  cQiirt  houfc, and  36  from  Wilmington. 

Soutoux,  an  tudiau  vilbge  in  Lpuiliana, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Milfifippi  river,  oppofiic 
to  the  Nine  Mile  R.ipid8,  2  2  miiis  beluw 
\Vi(.fpincan  river,  aqd  a8  above  Uivicre 
a  U  Roche.    N  latk  41  io. 

Sow  amf  Pigj,  H  number  of  large  rock« 
lying  oiT  the  4>  W  end  of  C^tahunk  llland, 
one  of  the  Elizabeth  Illaxd^,  o;i  the  cp<t(l 
pi  MafTachufctls. 

5p(i!i>,  Ntm.    See  Mtxieo. 

,Sjia,ii^ir(li'  Aiy,.  on  the  E  cos  ft  of  Cape 
■J^retou  I,  is  round  the  point  of  the  S  en- 
trance intoPortDauphin.  It!<!muuth  is  nar- 
row^  but  it  is  vvider  within  till  it  branches 
into  two  arms,  both  of  whicli  are  naviga- 
bly i  U-tgues,  and  afford  aft-cuifi  liavboyr. 
N  lat.  46  -MO,  W  Ion.  j8   29. 

Sfanfjh  4»imea,  contains  immenfe 
province*, moft  cf  wbich  are  very  fertile- 
jrt  i</.  ..i/«i.7-;i(/,  California,  Qld^e«ca,or 
KSiialn,  N  Mexico,  1-lorida^  a.  Inth^W. 
Indie),  the  iiland  of  Cuba,  Porto  Rico,'l  rin- 
icjad,  Margaretta,  Tortuga,  &c.      3.  li^ 


.f.  Amertfiy  Trrra  Fir:^a,  Pcru.Chili.Tucu- 
man,  Paraguay,  and  Patagonia.  I'hefe  tx- 
tenfive  cosiii"°<<'*  are  defiriiitd  iindrr 
their  prop«t  1.  mHs.  All  the  exjwrtt  ct 
Spain,  moft  ^.n.'.ies  of  which  no  other 
European  country  can  fui  ply,  are  cftt- 
mated  at  only  80,000,000  livres  or 
C  h7iZ7>'>?iii  fte'l-  The  moft  important 
trade  of  Spain  is  that  which  it  cainci 
on  with  its  American  piovinccs.  Tlie 
chief  import!)  irom  (hefe  cxtenfive  coun. 
tries  conlilt  of  gold,  filver,  precious 
fiones,  pearls,  cotton,  cocoa,  eochineal, 
redwood,  ikins,  rice,  medicinal  herbs 
and  barks,  as  fad'afius,  Peruvian  bark, 
&c.  Vanilla,  Vicunna  wool,  fugar,  and 
tobacco.  In  1784,  the  total  amount  of 
the  value  of  .Spanifh  goods  exported  to 
America,was  195,000^00  rcalcsde  vcUon; 
foreign  commoditicsj  3,", 8,000,00s  r.  d.  v. 
The  imports  frr.n  America  wer«!  valued  at 
900,000,ou>  r,  d.  v.  in  gold,  filver,  and  pre- 
cious ftones;  and  upwards  of  300,000,000 
r.  d.  v.  iu  good!*.  In  the  Gazetta  de  Mad- 
rid, 1787,  (Feb.  20)  it  was  Hated,  that  the 
e;cports  to  America  (the  Indie*)  ft>om  the 
following  iihaibours,  Cadiz,  Corunna, 
Malaga,  Seville,  St.  Lucar,  Santander, 
Canarias,  Alicunte,  Barcelona,  Tortofa, 
Gipon,  St.  Sebafiiaa,  amounted,  in  1785, 
to  767,249,787  r.  d.  V.  the  dutie.s  paid,ou 
thefe  exports  amounted  to  28^43,702  r. 
d,  V.  The  imports,  both  in  goods  and 
money,  from  America  and  the  W.  India 
iflands,  amounted  in  the  fame  year  to 
1,166,071.067  r.  d-  V.  and  the  duties  to 
65,472,195  r.  d.  V.  The  profits  of  the 
merchants  from  the  whole  American 
trade  was  valued  at  5,000^00  doHars. 

Spanijb  Greet,  is  at  the  head  of  St.  Ma< 
ry's  river  in  Florida. 

Spanijb  Main,  that  pait  of  the  coaft  of 
Anierica,  wl^cli  extends  from  the  Mof- 
quito  fliore,  along  the  aorthein  coaft  uf 
Darien,  Carthageua,and  V«:nczuela  to  the 
Leeward  Ides. 

Spantjh  kivtr,  a  river  and  fettlement  in 
Cape  Brctop  I.  and  the  prefent  feat  of  gov- 
ernment. 

Spiniifitovvn,      Pee  St.  yogo  dr  la  t^ega. 

Spariatvi's  Ptint,  on  the  N  fliore  of 
Pifc4tai)ua  river,  abroad  of  which  fliips 
can  anchor  in  9  fathoms. 

Spart«,ik  poll  town  in  Sparta  co.  S. 
Carolina,  542  miles  from  Wnihington. 

Sparia,  a  poft  town  of  N\  Jerfey,  Suffex 
CO.  117  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  2j} 
(rom  Waftiington. 

Sparta,  a  poft  town  of  Hancock  co. 
Georgia.      It  has  a  court  houfe  and  gaol ; 

it  %Dd4  in  a  ibrtilci  and  pqpulf  us  :oui>-. 

■•••■•■■-■  •  tjv, 


s?o 


SPR 


ll.Tucu- 

tefe  tx- 

(indcr 

[>ortt  ot 

0  other 
are  cltt- 

vre»  or 
nportant 
t  cairin 
c».  Tie 
ive  coun- 
prccioiii 

lal   herbi 
ian  bark, 
igar,  and 
mount  of 
ported  to 
de  vcllon; 
OQ  r.  d.  V. 
•  valucxl  at 
r,amlpre- 
50,000,000 
a  tie  Mad- 
d,  that  the 
)  from  the 
,  Corunna, 
Santander, 
I,  Tortofa, 
!d,in  178.';. 
ies  paid,ou 
1,543.701  r. 

goods  and 
lie  W.  India 
ie  year  to 
s  duties  to 
>fits   oi  the 

American 

1  doHars. 

i  pf  St.  Ma* 


Sparta  co.  S. 
alhington. 
Jerfey,  Suffex 
phia,  and  2J) 

Hancock  en. 
lufe  and  gaol ; 
)puU»U8  :ou»" 
•^^  tiV. 


try,  and  is  a  place  of  confiilprnMc  trade. 

SpuitdiibHrgh,  adidiici  of  S.  Ciirolliia. 
It  has  ia,i»a  ii)hai»itant«,  of  whom  7467 
ate  Haves.  The  court  houfe  ii  30  miles 
from  Pincltncv,  25  trom  Greenville,  and 
746  from  Philadelphia. 

Spmr  Cape,  on  the  E  fide  of  Newfound- 
land I.  is  about  3  or  4  miles  S  E  by  S  from 
St.  John's.     N  lat.  47  ,^2,  W  Ion.  51  r^. 

Hfitiglt't  Te^vH,  on  the  W  fljoreoftlic 
ifland  of  Barbadoes,  towardii  the  N  part ; 
formerly  much  reforted  to  l»y  fliips  from 
Bi^dol,  and  from  thence  called  Little  Brif- 
tol ;  but  mod  of  the  trad?  is  now  remov- 
ed to  Bridgetown.  It  is  in  St.  Peter's 
farifh,  having  Saiidy  Fort,  and  Margaret's 
brt,  about  a  mile  S,  and  Haywood's  Fort 
onthe  Nat  hulfthc  diftance.  N  lat.  10 
9,Wlon. /9'2i. 

Sfeneer,  s  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
^aflachufetts,  taken  from  LeicefVer,  and 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  143a 
inhabitants,  and  lies  11  miles  S  wellward 
of  Worci'fter,  on  the  pofl  road  to  Spring- 
field, ami  58S  WofBofion. 

Spefittir,  a  fmall  illand  at  the  head  pf 
Chcfapeak  Bay. 

Spiritu  Saitte,  a  town  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  iOand  of  Cuba,  oppofite  the  N  W 
part  of  the  duller  of  illes  and  rock*  called 
Jardin  de  la  Reyna,  and  about  45  miles 
N  W  of  l,a  Triui(3ad. 

Spiritu  Santo,  or  Tampay  fiay,  called 
alfo  Hillfborough  Bay,  lies  on  the  W 
ioaft  of  the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida  ; 
has  a  number  of  flioals  and  keys  at  its 
mouth,  and  is  9  leagues  N  N  W  ^  W  of 
Charlotte  Harbour,  and  56  S  E  by  S  ^  E 
fifthe  bay  of  Apalache.  N  lat.  27  36, 
Wlon.8aj4. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  8. 
America.  It  is  on  the  fea  coafl  in  a  very 
fertile  country,  and  has  a  fm.ill  caRIs  an<l 
harbour.      S  lat.  2010,  W  Ion.  41. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  lake  towards  the  extrem- 
iiy  of  the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida  ;  S  from 
the  chain  of  lakes  which  communicate 
with  St.  John's  river.   ■ 

j?^//'/ Acfit,  a  roeky  point  which  projetSls 

JntoLake  Champlain,  on  the  W  iide  about 

56  milfs  N  of  Bkeenfborough,  bears  this 

name.     The  lake  is    narrow,   and   no 

[  where  exceeding  two  miies  from  Skeenl- 

1  borough  to  this  rock,  but  here  it  fudden* 

I  ly  widens  to  5  or  6  milf  s,  ^(t  tb^  Waters 

I  Wnme  pure  and  clear. 

Spotfuood,  a  fmall  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
i  iMiddlefex  co.  near  the  W  fide  of  South 
I  fiver,  which  empties  into  the  Rariton  in 
I  *  ^  |l  dire<Aipa.     The  ^tuatipo  is  £ood 


for  cxtcnfivc  mnmif.iAorles,  and  there  it 
already  h  papi-r  mill  litre.  It  is  on  1I10 
Amboy  ftage  road,  9  miles  S  F.  of  hriml- 
wick,  and   10  W  by  S  of  ^^illdlttoIl  Pi-in;, 

5/,c//v/vjAM,aciiuntV()f  V'irj'iiii.t, bound- 
ed N  Ly  StafiTord,  an'l  V.  by  CaK'lii'e 
county.  It  roiitain*  617a  frrf  iiilisbit- 
ants, ?,nd  6830  flavcs.  it  u  hilly  and  well 
watered  by  the  branches  of  ilic  Mattapo- 
nvand  Rappaltannock  iiv*r^.  At  thccoutC 
houfe  ii*  a  poA  ullice,  7  3  miles  from  W.'ili- 
ington. 

Sprinf^'feld,  »  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Vindl'oi  CO.  on  the  W  tide  of  Cojincifti' 
cut  ri^■>  opnolitc  C!.;iikfli.wn,  in  N. 
HampiLii         It  haa  io  ^^  inhabitants. 

Sprini'  iown  in  th<"  N  ppf  t  of  Cl'C* 

{hire  co.        ..jmpfljire.lias  j  70  inhabit r.ius 

Springji(y,  {the  Aaggawani  of  tlic  In- 
dians) a  pofttownof  Mafl8ihufttts,H.imp.. 
fhire  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Connnflicut 
river  ;  20  ttiiles  S  by  E  of  Nortbiunpton, 
97  W  S  W  of  Boflon,  28  N  of  Hartford, 
2JO  N  E  of  Phil,ultlphiH,  and  39K  from 
Wafliington.  H  lie  townfliip  of  Springs 
field  was  incorpiirated  in  1645.  It  con- 
tains t8ia  inhabit.mts  ;  a  Congrcgatioiial 
church,  a  court  houfe,  and  a  number  of 
dwelling  hoijfcs,  mativ  of  which  arc  both 
commodious  ami  ekgain.  1'he  to^vn 
lies  chiefly  on  one  long  fpacious  flrcct, 
which  runs  parallel  with  the  river.  A 
fiream  from  the  hills  at  the  eaflward  «f 
the  town,  fr-lls  into  this  (Irctt  and  form* 
two  branches,  which  take  their  courl'e  in 
oppofite  direiflions,  one  of  tjum  runiiirg 
northerly  and  the  other  foufhcrly  along 
the  eaftern  fidp  of  the  ftrect,  and  ufTcrd 
the  inhabitants,  from  one  end  to  the  othc."| 
an  eafy  fupply  of  water  for  domeftic  ufes. 
Here  a  connderablc  inland  tradfe  is  carrj.. 
ed  on ;  and  there  is  alfo  a  paper  null,  an 
arfenal  and  armoury. 

Springfield,  a  poit  town  in  Himpfliire 
CO.  Virginia,  14c  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Springfield,  a  poft  town,  in  Wafliington 
CO.  Kentucky,  629  miles  from  Wafliington, 

Springfetdy  a  poft  t<jwn  in  Robertfon  co^ 
Teneffee,  765  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Springjleltl.,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  Ot^. 
fego  CO.  at  the  N  end  of  Otfcgo  lake.  It 
is  61  miles  W  of  Albany,  has  a  good  foil, 
and   1584  inhabitants. 

Springjield,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Burlington  co.  of  a  good  foil  and  famed  fof 
excellent  cheefe ;  feme  fatiiiers  make; 
lOjOOolbs.  in  a  feafon.  The  inhabitant^ 
are  principally  Quakers,^ ho  have  3  meet- 
ing houfes.  "The  chief  place  of  the  town- 
fliip, where  bufineft  h  tritnfaiSled,  is  a  vil.* 


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► 

Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRIET 

WnSTIR.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)872-4503 


M. 


«TA 


^age  nffed  Job's  towq,  lO  mllet  from  Bur- 
£n^on,  and  1 8  from  Trenton.  In  this 
lownfliip  is  a.hili,  3  milea  in  length,  called 
Mount  Pifgah,  which  furnilhes  fionefor 
Building.  Here  is  9i{o  a  grammar  fchooL 
It  is  l<)3  milcii  from  Wafliington. 

Sfriit^fielif,  a  towofliip  in  Efliex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  Rahway  river,  which  furnifljcs 
fine  miiljCtau  ;  8  orio  m^es  N  W  of  £lix- 
AbethTowu.  P«at  for  firing  js  found  here. 

Sj>rw^eU,  the  name  of  4  to\viifl>ips  of 
Pennfyivania,  viri  in  Buck's,  Fayette,  Del- 
aware, and  Mont,<jomcry  .counties. 

S/ruce  CrteiyVXget  its  wi riding  courft 
though  the  marges,,  from  tlie  mouth  of 
pircataqua  river,  5  or  6  miles  up  ioto 
lottery,  in  York  co-  Maine. 

Spurwing,  a  river  of  Maiae,  which  rant 
tlu-ough  Scarborough,  W  of  Cape  Elisa- 
'2>eth,  aud  18  uavigabie-a  few  mues  for  vef- 
fei'sof  ioot()n«. 

Squam,  a  lake,  pact  of  wMch  is  in  the 
itbwnfliip  of  Holdernefs,  in  Grafton  co. 
J}.  HampHiire  ;  but  the  one  hal^of  itis 
3n  Strafford  ccy  U is.about  5  miles  bsyr, 
and  4  broad' 

Sjtiam,  a  fhoct  river  of  N>  Hampflure,. 
the  outlet  of  the  above  lake,  whichijruns 
M.6  W  courfc,  and  Joins  the  Pemigpwafj. 
fet  at  the  town  of  New  Cheder,  aiul  ib 
suiles  above  tkeoKHUh  of  the  Wiqopl£e- 
ogee  branch.  ,   , 

Sjvaiit  Beacbf  on  the  Tea  ooaft  of  N.  Jer' 
;fc;y,  between  Baroegat  Inlet  and  Cranber- 
ry New  Inlet. 

Squ;^  Hariouit,ox\.  the  N  E  fide  of  Cape 
JVnn,  Maffachufettf,  When  a  vef^elat 
iachiar  off  l«fcwbury  Port  Bay,'  parts  a  ca- 
l>le  and  lufes.an  aocnor  with  the  wind  at 
^  £  or  E  N  £,  1(  Hie  can  carry  double 
teefed  fails,  Qvi  may  rua  S  S\p  j  leagvc^, 
which  courfe  if  made  gpod,  will  carry 
her  a  little  to  the  eaflw^d  of  S«iuani  B«iy. 
Sj^aam  (fidfti^  HiUJ.\v»  iulat.  42  40. M, 
and  Ion.  jo^i.     .  .  _ 

Sjuert  H»ndUrebkf,vx  ifland  of  fome 
extent  in  th»  \V.  Indies,  which  lies  be^- 
tween  lat.  21  5  and  2^  34  N,  ac4  between 
J6n.  70  19  and  70  4?.  W, 

Squeaijg^^tt  C>-^,ia,K  York,  a  Kl^ead 
water  of  Alleghapy.riv^r.  Itsmrauth.ls 
19  miles  N  W  of  the  Itiya  Tttim. 
"  Staattlhtrr^h,^  port  to^n  i^  N.York  (late, 
lies  on  theEfidc  of  Uud£pn's  river,berween 
iQiynbeck  aiid  Peughkjeepfie i  about  ^%..\ 
pulesS  of  Hii4iWn,jf^d361fof  N.York  city, 

5/<tf3rMAi,:a  t9wn  pf  Dutcn  Oipiana, 
tif  ;5.  America!  on  theJ^fide  of  Demarara, 
rivfr,  a  mile.  ap4  a  1  hair  above  the  poft 
wMch  ccmounck'iu.  entrance*    It  is  the 


STA 

feat  of  government  and  tlie  depofitory  of 
the  records.  The  Aatiun  for  the  fliipping 
extbnds  from  the  lort  to  about  2  mile* 
above  the  town.  They  anchor  in  a  line 
from  3  to  4  abreaft. 

Stafford,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound< 
ed  N  by  Prince  WiUiam  co.  and  £  by  the 
Patowmac.  It  contains  5638  free  inhab- 
itants, and  4343  flavcs. 

Stafford,  a  townfliip  of  Connedlicut,  in 
Tolland  co.  on  the  &)  line  of  Maflachu- 
ffttts,  13  or  I J  miles  N  £  of  Tolland.  In 
'  this  town  is  a  furnace  for.cafling  hollow 
ware,  and  a  medicinal  i{>ring,:which  is  the 
refort  of  valetudinarians.  It.bas  2344  in- 
habitanu. 

.SiafforJ,  Nev),  a  tov^flnp^  of  N.  Jerfey, 

,  in  Monmouth  co.  and  adjoining  Dover  on 

-the  S  W.    It  confiAs  chiefly  of  pine  bar-, 

ren  land,  and  contained  803  inhabitants 

in  179a  ,\     ,,  . 

£/(^r  ^W,  in, Main«,Ues  S  of  Parker's 
aod.Arcowfike  iflands,  OU'  the  N  fide  of 
Small  Point,  coniifting  of  8  acres  not  ca- 
I  pable  of  much  improvement ;  and  ,is  on- 
ly remarkable  for  being  the  firfi  land  in- 
habited in  New  England,  by  a  civilized 
people.    It  is  net  now  inhabited. 

Sttmfard  TowiiiJhip,  in  the  county  of> 
linooLn,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of 
Niagara  rivier,  and  S  of  Newark.  A  port 
of  entry  and  clearance,  is  eftablilhed  in 
this  townfliip, .  on.the  N  bank  of  Chippa- 
w^ ,  ri  v«r  near  the  bridge. 

Stamford,'^  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Bennington  co.  it  corners  on  Bennington 
tothci>£,and  contains  383, inhabitants, 
and  has  good  interval  li^td. 

Stamfordi  a  poA  town  of  ConncAicutf 
Fairfield  co.  on  a  fmall  ftream  called  Mill 
river,  which  empties  into  Long  Ifland 
Sound.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and 
Episcopal  .church,  about  45  compadt 
.dwelling  houies,.-  and  contains  AiS* 
iohabitants.  It  i*;  10  miles  S  W  of 
Kftfwalk  ;  44  S  V  of  j^.  Haven  ;  44  N  £ 
of  N.  York;  I39„N.  E  of  Philadelphia, 
and  388  from  WaOiington.  The  town- 
ihip.wasfoxmerly  galled  J?iy/owuflM,  and 
wav  fettled  in/i64t, 

Sti^mftirJj  a  poU  town  of  Nt  York,  in 
Delaware  co.  taken  from  Weodfiock,  aud 
ineorjwrated  in. 1799..  It  haf;  934  inliab- 
itants,  and  is  447  miles  from  Wafhingtun. 

Stamford,. A  poO:  town  in  Linct^  co. 
liKentucky,  628  m'iles.from  Wafliington. 

5/«M^,- a  pod  ^own  of  Mqina,  on  the 
W  line  of  Cumberland  co>betv"^n  Pre* 
'Tum^icut  and  Saco  rivers.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  J  7.8j|  aii4  coataiasLi3}6  inhpb-  - 

iuuts; 


ST  A 


STE 


ftant§  ;  i8  miles  N  W  of  Portland  ;  163 
N  of  Bofton,  and  6i6from  Waflungton. 

Stanford,  a  townflitp  of  N.  York,l>.»tch- 
tfs  CO.  taken  from  Walliington,  an  J  in- 
corporated iu  I793.  It  ha»  2344  inliab* 
itants. 

Stanford,  the  capital  of  Lincoln  co.  Ken- 
tucky ;  Atuated  on  a  fertile  plain,  about 
10  miles  S  S  E  of  Danville,  40  S  by  W  of 
Lexington,  and  57S  S  E  of  Frankfort.  It 
contains  a  ftone  court  houi'e,  a  gaol,  and 
about  40  houfes, 

StanJIead,  a  townfliip,  in  L.  Canada, 
bounded  VV  by  Lake  Meinphramagog,  S 
hy  Vermont.  It  is  fettled  by  about  750 
inhabitants,  a  promifruous  emigration 
from  various  pwrts  of  the  United  States. 

Stanley  f^nll.'y,  lies  north  wefterly  of 
Carter's  Valley,  being  feparated  from  it 
by  a  ridge  and  row  of  knobs.  The  wa- 
ter is  good,  the  foil  rich,  and  the  land- 
fcapes  generally  agreeable. 

Stantoix,  Old  Fort,  in  the  State  of  N. 
of  York,  is  fituated  in  the  townlTiip  of 
Rome,  at  the  head  of  the  navigable  waters 
Mohawk  river.  Its  foundation  was  laid 
in  1 759,  by  Gen.  Broadftreet,  and  built 
upon,  by  the  troops  of  the  United  States, 
during  the  late  war.  The  Britifli  made 
an  unluccefsfu  attempt  to  take  it  in  1777. 

Starts,  a  town  in  Kenncbeck  co.  Maine, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Kennebeck  river,  W  of 
Norridgeworfc,  and  35  miles  N  W  of  Au- 
fufla.  Sandy  river  enters  the  Kenuebeck 
in  this  town. 

StariJhoroMgh,  a  townjfhip  in  Addifoa  co. 
Vermont,  i»  miles  E  of  Ferrilburg.  It 
contains  359  inhabitant". 

StattH  Jfland,  lies  9  miles  S  W  of  the 
city  of  N.  York,  and  conftitutes  Rich* 
mond  CO.  The  ifland  is  about  18  miles 
in  length,  and  at  a  medium  6  or  7  in 
breadth,  and  contains  4563  inhabitants. 
0»  the  S  fide,  is  a  confiderable  traCi  of 
level,  good  land  ;  but  the  illand  in  gener- 
al is  rough,  and  the  hills  high.  Richmond 
is  the  only  town  of  any  note,  and  that  is 
»n  inconfiderable  place.  The  inhabitants 
-are  chiefly  defcendants  of  the  Dutch  and 
French  ;  and  are  noted  for  their  hofpi- 
tality  to  (Grangers,  and  love  of  thsir  na- 
tive "pot. 

St(i.ien  Land,  an  ifland  at  the  extremitv 
•f  S.  America,  about  30  r  Mes  in  length 
and  12  in  breadth.  It  lies  to  the  ead- 
ward  of  the  E  point  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
tnd  from  Which  it  Is  feparated  by  Strait 
It  Maire.  The  centre  of  the  idand  is  in 
lat.  about  54  30  8,  and  Ion.  64  30  W. 

Statejiurg^  a  poft  town  of  S.  CaroHna 


and  the  capital  of  Clermont  co.  "on  the  K 
fid'  of  Beech  Creek,  which  unites  with 
Shanks  Creek:  :md  empties  into  the  Wa- 
teree,  a  few  miles  below  the  town.  Ic 
contains  loorii  houl'es,  a  court  liouf« 
and  gaol.  It  u  ao  miles  S  by  E  of  Cam- 
den, 100  N  by  W  of  Chariedon,  and  493 
from  Wafhington. 

StatifmUe,  a  port  town  in  Iredell  co.  N. 
Caroliiia,  44  r  miles  from  Wafliington 

Staimien,  a  port  town  of  Virginia,  and 
the  capital  of  Aiigtifta  co.  It  is  on  the  .*? 
E  IJde  of  Middle  R..  a  wp.ter  of  Patow- 
mack,  a  little  N  of  Maddilbn's  Cave.  It 
contains  ;.l-;'.ut  160  houfes,  moftly  built  of 
Aone,  a  court  hoiife  and  g.nol.  It  is  9.^ 
miles  from  tl>e  Sweet  Springs,  100  S  W  b"!r 
S  of  Winchefter,  116  W  N  W  of  Ricii- 
mond,and  177  from  Wafliington. 

Stcmttmi,  one  of  the  principal  b.'anchtfs 
of  Roanoke  II.  I:  rifcs  on  tfie  weftcrn 
fide  of  the  blue  ridge,  and  there  has  the 
name  of  Roanoke ;  but  as  foon  a*  i|E 
pafies  through  the  ridge,  it  takes  the  name 
of  Staimton,  which  it  preferves  to  its  con- 
fluence with  Dan,  and  there  reftlme^  the 
name  Roanoke  Staunton  and  Dan  arc 
very  nearly  of  the  fame  fize  where  they 
uiyte.  It  might  be  made  navigable  fffr 
100  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  ftream* 
it  receives  are  Smith's  rivers,  Goofe  creek, 
BigandLittleOttr  Big  and  Little  Fulling 
Cub  creek,  I^ittle  Roanoke  and  Banifler. 

.V/d«/J<',/o»/,juft  above  the  falls  of  Nia- 
gara, and  8  miles  above  Queens  Town. 

iS^  Clair  Lale,  is  fmallin  comparifont 
to  either  Ontario  or  Erie,  and  fliallow 
throughout ;  it  receives  the  waters  of  L 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron,  by  a  long 
channel  from  N  to  S  called  river  St.  Clair ; 
it  aifo  receives  the  waters  of  the  Thame* 
which  fall  into  the  lake  on  the  S  E  fide. 
About  the  mouth  of  this  river  are  large  ei- 
tenfive  meadows,  or  marfhes,  which,  with 
the  exception  of  imall  tradte  of  wood  land 
on  the  banks  of  tb«  riVfcr,  and  a  few 
woody  iflanda,  extend  about  13  miles  iip 
the  country,  and  about  4  or  5  miles  id 
depth,  afTurding  hay  fufficient  for  a  nu* 
merousfettlemeut,  and  abundance  to  fpate 
For  fituation,  &c.    See  Cliir,  Su 

Steadmans  Crtsi,  in  the  Itate  of  N.  York. 
The  main  fork  of  this  creek  empties  in- 
to Niagara  R.  above  Fort  Schlofier. 

Stiff  Jiocii,  a  curious  ledge  of  perpen- 
dicular fhelly  rocks,  which  form  the  W 
bank  of  Hudfon's  R.  with  fome  interrupt 
tions,  for  14  or  13  miles  from  the  Tap« 
pan  Sea,  to  within  1 1  miles  of  N.  York 
city.    Some  of  tkefe  ledje*  are  from  150 


STE 


ST^l 


to  iOo  feet  high.  As  you  p^»down  the 
.  river  from  the  Tappan  Sea,  by  thefe  rocks, 
th«  proipect  on  every  fide  is  enchanting. 
On  the  N  the  Tappau  Sea,  a  fine  broad 
bay  opens  tu  view,  Ikirtcd  with  high  hills  ; 
.on  the  S  the  river  lies  under  tite  eye  as 
far  as  it  dininguiflies  objetSb ;  on  the  W 
are  the  Steep  Rocks,  before  defcribed ; 
.  and  on  the  E  a  fine  cuhivated  country. 

litif/jfitt,  a  cape,  S  W  of  Cape  Denbigh, 
un  the  N  W  coafl  of  N.  America,  and  is  at 
tlie  S  £  pait  of  Norton  Sound.  Stuart's 
liland  is  oppoiite  to  it.  N  lat.  63  33,  W 
ion.  i6z  i<).  Between  this  and  Shoai 
Ncfs  is  ihoal  water. 

Stefibens,  a  fhort  rivet  of  Vermont, 
which  empties  into  Coonetf^icut  river, 
/rom  the  N  W,  in  the  town  of  Bamet. 

SuplnHj,  St.  a  partlh  uf  CharleAon  dif- 
tric'V,  S.  Carolina- 

Sterling,  a  plantation  in  Kennebec  ca 
Maine ;  N  W  of  Halloweil,  and  at  no 
great  diftance.  It  contained  266  in^<ibit- 
ants  in  1790.  i^'~^ 

Sterling,  a  townOiip  of  ConnedUc^t,  in 
Windham  co.  44  miles  £  of  Hartford,  18 
M  £  from  Norwich.    Inh.  Iritants  908. 

Sierliitg,  in  Worcedcr  co.  Maflachufetts, 
was  formerly  a  parith  of  Lancafter,  call- 
ed Cbcckftt,  incorporated  in  1781 }  i» 
miles  N  £  of  Worcefier,  and  4ft  fronk 
Bofton,  and  contains  i6»8  inhabitants. 
Near  the  neck  of  land  which  divides 
Wau(hacum  Ponds,  on  the  S  fide,  was 
formerly  an  Indian  fort,  vefHges  of  which 
ftill  appear.  On  this  fpot  was  the  palace 
and  royal  feat  of  Sholad,  fachem  of  the 
Nadiawayt,  proprietor  of  Naihawo^, 

SterlingvilU,  a  poA  town  in  OmnviUc  co. 
M  Carobna,  467  miles  from  Waihiagton. 

Stetten,  formerly  Naraguagus,  a  town 
in  Wafliington  co.  Maine.  It  is  at  the  S 
.W  comer  of  the  county,  and.  has  Ooldf- 
boro'  bay  W,  and  Dyer's  bay  E.  Nara- 
guagtts  river  runs  trough  iu  N  £  corner. 
It  has  347  inhabiia^t*. 

StenttH,  a  finall  fort  in  the  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory, fituated  at  the  Rapids  of  the  Ohio, 
a  fliort  diftance  above  ClaFkfville. 

Stmben,  a  new  county  of  N.York,  tdcen 
from  thai  of  Ontario ;  being  that  part  of 
Ontario  county,  bounded  by  the  Penn- 
fylvania  line  on  the  S,  Ity  the  N  bounds  of 
the  fix  range  of  townfhips  on  the  N,  by 
the  pre-emption  line  on  the  E,  and  by 
the  Indian  line  on  the  W.  From  mills  in 
the  centre  of  this  county,  100,000  feet  of 
boards,  were  conveyed  down,  the  Sufque- 
hannah  on  rafts,  fafely  to  the  Baltimore 
nvirket,  in  th(  fpring  of  1798.  It  has  1 738  II 
inhabitants. 


Rteiibtn,  a  townfliip  of  N.York,  in  On(<- 
ida  CO.  taken  from  Whiteflown,  and  in- 
cdrporated  in  1 792.  In  1 796,  the  tovrns  ot 
Floyd  and  Rome  were  taken  ofF  of  this 
townfliip.  It  haft  ^51  inhabitants.  The  N 
weilem  branch  of  Mohawk  R.  rifes  nere ; 
and  the  centre  ofthe  town  isabout  I  a  miles 
N  E  of  Fort  Schuyler,  and  3»  N  W  of  the 
mouth  of  Canada  Creek. 

Steuienville,  a  pod  town  in  JelFerfon  co. 
Ohio,  31%  miles  from  Wafliington.  It  is 
on  the  W  bank  of  the  Ohio,  a  lew  miles 
W  of  the  Pennlylvania  W  line,  N  lat.  40 
17,  and  5  30  W  Ion.  from  Philidelphta. 

Stevens,  afliort  navigable  riverof  Maine. 
It  rifei  within  a  mile  of  Merry  Meeting 
Bay,  with  which  it  is  conneiSled  by  a  ca- 
u.il  lately  opened.     See  GeergeteioH. 

Steve'i/hurr,  a  port  town  of  Virginia, 
'"'(ilpepper  co.  on  the  road  fror>,  Philadet- 
puia  to  Staunton.  It  contains  40  or  jo 
lioufes,  and  an  academy.  The  inhabit- 
iints  are  moflly  of  Dutch  extradtion.  It  is 
zo  miles  N  by  B  of  Straiburg,  87  N  £  by 
N  of  Staunton,  45  S  W  by  S  of  WiUiamt 
port,  and  90  from  Wafliington. 

StevenUnviiy  Wefl  Chefter  co.  N.  York, 
it  bounded  W  by  York  Town,  and  N  by 
Dutcliefsco.  It  contains  1578  inhabitants. 
5/<^i(ra/0t«)i,a  townfltip  of  good  land  in 
N.  York,  in  Renflielaer  co.  between  Leba- 
non  and  Scoodack.  It  is  about  14  miles 
f(|iure,and  lies  10  miles  £  of  Albany.  The 
timber  on  the  low  land  ie  pine,  hemlock, 
beech,  birch,  afli,  maple.  On  the  hills, 
pine,  hemlock,  black  and  white  oak,  wal- 
nut and  poplar.  I  has  4968  inhabitants. 
Stewart' t  JflanJi,in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
a  duller  of  5  iflands  discovered  by  Capt. 
Hunter  in  1791,  and  fo  named  in  honor 
of  Admiral  Keith  Stewart.  S  lat.  8  a6, 
W  loo.  163 18. 

8tey  Point,  on  the  Latwadof  fioaft,  and  N 
Atlantic  Ocean.  N  lat.  58,  W  Ion.  61  40i> 
S*iU  Water,  a  townfhip  of  N.  York,  Sar* 
atoga  CO.  bounded  E  by  Hudfon  Rivet. 
It  contains  9872  inhabitants.  The  village 
of  StiU  iVatir  is  on  the  W  bank  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  it  miles  from  Saratoga,  A5  N 
of  Albany  and  il  from  Ballftown  Springs. 
A  canal  is  began  at  this  place  to  lead  the 
water  of  the  Hudfon  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Mohawk,  14  miles  below. 

Stinting  JJlands,  on  the  eaft  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  N  lat.  40  a8,  W 
Ion.  5»  5a 

Stiffic  Mountain,  lies  between  Connec- 
ticut and  Hudfon  river,  and  near  it  the 
Mahikander  Indians  formerly  refided. 
Si,  Mii'yt,  the  FulU  of,  is  fituated  be- 

tmeen 


8T0 


StO 


ttvrcn  Lake  Superior  and  I^ake  Huron, 
U.  Canada,  or  more  AriilUy  fpcaking,  in 
the  narrows  between  Lake  Superior  and 
Lake  George,  a  little  above  the  mouth  of 
Beaver  river ;  on  the  S  fide  of  the  faUs, 
flat  bottomed  veHels  of  20  or  30  tons 
are  frequently  taken  up  and  down.  Smyth. 

Stockbrld^e,  a  towiifliip  in  Windfor  co, 
Vermont,  on  white  river,  aiul  coutaint 
432  inhabitants, 

StociiriJget  a  port  town  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  Berklhire  CO.  44  miles  W  by  N  of 
Springfield,  141  W  of  Bofton,  249  N  £  of 
Pliiladt'lpliia,  and  25  £  by  S  of  Kindcr- 
liook,  in  N.  York.  The  townfliip  is  the 
chief  of  the  county  ;  vvai  incorporated  in 
1739,  and  coat:  ins  1261  inhabitants. 

StoMrUge,  Ne-iv,9i  tf.'iifl  of  land  6  miles 
fquaie,  lying  in  the  S  E  part  of  tlie  One- 
ida Refcrvation,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, 
inhabited  by  the  Indians, 300  in  numbir, 
v'ho,  fome  years  ftnce,  removed  from 
Stockbi'idge,  MalfachuftttA,  and  from  this 
circumftnnce  are  called  the Stocibridsre  In- 
iiiut.  This  tra«^  was  given  to  thcie  In- 
dians  by  the  Oueidas,  as  an  inducement 
to  fettle  in  their  nei^jjhbourhood  ;  and  is 
7  miles  S  £  of  Kahnonwoluhale,  the  prin- 
cipal village  of  the  Oneidas.  Thcfe  In- 
dians are  under  Jie  paftoral  care  of  a  mif- 
Itonary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjcaot,  whofe  pi-' 
ous  labours  have  been  attended  with  con- 
Ijderable  fuccefs*  They  are  generally  in- 
duftrious,  cfpccially  the  women,  and  cm- 
ploy  themfelves  in  agriculture,  and  breed- 
ing cattle  and  fwiue.  Their  farms  are 
generally  enclofed  with  pretty  good  fences, 
and  under  tolerable  cultivation.  In  the 
f^ll  of  1 7964  almofl  every  family  fowcd 
wheat;  and  there  was  a  finale  inftance 
this  year,  of  one  of  the  Indian  women, 
named  EJlLer,  who  wove  16  yards  of  wool- 
len cloth  ;  who  is  here  mentioned  as  an 
example  of  induftry,  and  as  having  led 
the  way  to  improvements  of  this  kind. 
There  is  but  little  doubt  but  her  exam- 
ple will  be  f  llowcd  by  other;;,  'i'hcir 
dividend  of  moneys  from  the  United 
States,  amounting  to  about  3C0  dollars, 
has  hitherto  been  expended  in  eretfling  a 
faw  mill,  and  fupportiug  an  Engliili 
fchool. 

Stoci  Creek,  9  branch  of  Pelefon  river. 
Sec  Wajbington  County,  Virginia. 

StoeJ^ort,  a  village'in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Popax- 
tunk  branch  of  Delaware  river.  From 
thii  place  is  a  portage  of  about  i3  miles 
to  Harmony,  on  the  £  branch  of  the  riv- 
er Sufquehaanali. 


SteJdarJ,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliirff, 
Chcdiire  co.  about  15  or  18  miles  £  of' 
Walpolc  on  Connc*flicut  river.  It  \va» 
incorporated  ia  17  74,  and  contains  1148 
inhabitants. 

Stodbart  Bay,  near  the  pJ  W  po'nt  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the  £  of  San- 
dy Bay,  and  between  it  and  Lucea  har- 
bour. 

Stoh,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  having; 
St.  Francis  river  on  the  S  and  S  W.  It  ii 
N  of  Afcot,  adjoining,  and  has  about  30 
itUiabitants, 

Stokes,  a  count/  of  Salifburyd!(lrit3:,N. 
Carolina  :  bounjcd  E  by  Rockingham, 
and  W  by  Surry,  and  contains  10,516  in- 
habitants, including  1359  Haves.  Ir.ia 
ore  M  ft>und  here  in  conQderable  (ju.uiti- 
ties.and  works  have  been  ereiS^ed  on  Iron 
Creek,  which  m.Mufadture  conflderabiti 
•jimititiea.     Chii.i'  town,  Gerniantown. 

Stakes,  ilic  .;tiief  town  of  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  near  Yadkin  river.  Ic 
Contains  a  court  houfc,  gaol,  and  about 
»o  lioufts. 

Stune  Arabia,  a  Village  and  fine  tradlof 
country  fo  called,  in  Montgomery  co.N. 
York,  on  the  N  fide  of  Moiiawk  river,  be- 
tween 50  and  60  miles  W  of  Albany. 
This  fettkment  was  begun  by  fome  Ger- 
mans in  1709.  The  land  from  the  river 
rifes  on  a  beautiful  and  gradual  afccnt  for 
4  miles,  and  the  principal  fkttlenuat  is  011 
a  wide  fpresding  hill.  The  foil  is  excel-* 
lent,  and  the  peoj^lc  induftriousaud  thriv« 
iug.  It  fufTtrcd  much  from  the  Indians 
in  the  liite  war,  peculiarly  in  1780.  It 
has  a  Dutch  church  and  an  academy. 

Stoneham,  a  townflkip  of  MafTachufettSi 
Middlefex  co,  which  was  incorporated  in 
1725,  and  contains  380  inhabitants  ;  id 
mi!  js  N  of  Bofton. 

Stona  Indians,  inhabit  S  of  Fire  Fort,  oo 
Afl'encbayne  river. 

Stone  Mountain,  betwccnthc  ftatcs  of 
Tencflte  and  Virginia.  The  Virginia  line 
interfc»fls  it  in  lat.  36  30  N,  from  thence 
to  the  place  where  Watauga  river  breaks 
through  it.     Sec  Teuefee. 

Stone  Jjland,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Newfound- 
land, is  near  Cape  Broyle,  and  is  one  of 
the  3  iflands,  Ti>hich  lie  oS  Caplin  Bay. 

Stoms,  is  a  hoatable  water  of  Tenefiee, 
which  runs  N  W  into  Cumbeilaud  river, 
6  miles  N  E  of  Nafliville. 

Stones  Fort  Gut,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the 
iflnnd  of  St.  Chriflopher's.;  caftward  of 
Old  Road  Bay,  and  between  that  snd 
Bloody  Point.  There  is  a  fort  on  a  point 
of  land,  on  the  V«  HUc. 


mM 


sto 


tfTFC 


Slonty  Creei,  a  (mall  (Iream  running  in- 
to Lake  Eric,  E  of  Sangas  creek,  U.  CaO' 
ada  ;  it  is  a  harbour  tor  boats,  having 
about  %i  feet  water  above  the  bar.  Smytb. 
Stoney  Hill,  in  Baltimore  ro.  Maryland, 
i*  5  or  6  miles  N  W  of  Whetflonc  Fort, 
Ht  the  mouth  of  Baltimore  harbour,  and' 
a  miles  S  E  of  Hooks  Town. 

Stoney  Point,  in  Orange  CO.  N.  York,  a 
fniall  peninfula,  projei^ing  in  a  coufider- 
al>le  biufFfrom  the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's 
river  into  Haverftraw  bay  :  about  40 
miles  N  of  N.  York  city,  juft  at  the  fourh- 
•  rn  entrance  of  the  high  lands.  The 
liriive  Gen.  Wayne  diflinguiflied  himfelf 
iu  taking  this  fortrefs  by  florm. 

Stonei  Mountaint,  in  the  N  W  part  of 
N.  America,  exteml  from  S  to  N.  aid  in 
a  N  W  dirc<Stion,  from  lat.  48  to  63  N. 
The  N  pdrt  of  this  range  is  called  the 
Mountains  of  Bright  Scones. 

Stoney  River,  called  by  the  French  Bay- 
9uk  Pierre,  empties  into  tlic  MiiTifippi,  4 
miles  from  Petit  Goufre,  and  10  from 
Louifa  Chitto.  From  the  mouth  of  what 
is  called  the  fork  of  this  river,  is  compac- 
rd  to  be  ai  miles.  In  this  didance  there 
nrc  feveral  quarries  of  (lone,  and  the  land 
Ills  a  clayey  foil,  with  gravel  on  the  fur- 
t;tce  of  the  ground.  0«  tlu  N  fide  of 
this  river  the  land,  iti  general,  id  low  and 
rich ;  that  on  the  S  (iJc  is  much  higher 
hut  broken  into  hills  and  vales  ;  but 
here  the  lowlands  are  not  often  overflow- 
ed :  both  fides  are  lliaded  with  a  variety 
of  ufcful  timber. 

Stonington,  a  pofl  town  and  port  in  N. 
London  co.  Connetfticut  ;  14  miles  E  by 
.S  of  N.  London  city,  and  251  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  The  harbour  fetit  up  from 
the  Sound,  oppoitte  to  Fiflier's  Ifland. 
The  town  is  feparated  from  Rhode  Illand  | 
by  the  E  line  of  the  (late;  and  was  fettled 
in  1658.  Here  are  6  places  of  public  ' 
worfliip  ;  and  5437  inhabitants. 

Stono  inlet,  oa  the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina, 
is  S  of  the  channel  of  Charledon,  at  the 
fi  E  corner  of  John's  Ifland,  which  is 
bounded  by  Stono  river  on  the  W.  It 
ir6  miles  from  the  S  channel  of  Charlef- 
t(<n,  and  from  this  inlet  to  that  of  North 
Edifto,  the  courfc  is  S  WT  by  W  J  W, 
tiiftant  II  miles. 

W'tw  Cape,  in  the  Araits  of  Northum- 
berland, is  the  northern  limit  of  the 
mouth  of  Bay  Verte,  and  forms  the  S  E 
corner  of  the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick. 
Stnrmont  County,  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
£  bv  the  county  of  Glcngary  ;  S  by  the 
river  Pt.  Lawrence,  the  W  boundary  of 
ilic  towallup  ol'  Oliuibruck  ;  and  W  by 


»he  late  townfliip  of  Williamlbnrglij' 
running  N  34  degrees  W,  until  it  inter- 
fetSts  the  Ottawa  or  Grand  river  ;  thence 
defcending  that  river,  until  it  meets 
the  N  W  boundary  of  the  county  of 
Glengary.  The  co.  of  Stormont  com- 
prehends all  the  i  (lands  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  near  to  it,  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  county  lies  fronting  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Smyth. 

StouenueJt,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  N.  Jerfey. 

Stoiigbton,  (called  by  the  Indians-,  PaL- 
mitt, or  Pontipog,  that  is,  taken  from  a  fprin^ 
tlnit  rifcth  out  of  re:l  earth,)  a  townihip  in 
Norfolk  CO.  MafTachufetts,  incorporated 
in  1716.  It  is  bounded  E  by  Braintrcc, 
W  by  Sharon,  and  is  15  niilesjbuthwanl- 
ly  of  Boflon.  It  contains  16,000  acres  nt' 
land,  and  1020  inhitbitants.  Iron  ore  i> 
found  here  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
there  is  a  rolling  and  Hitting  mill,  which 
manufaiShire  confiderable  quantities  of 
fteel  and  iron.  Great  quantities  of  char- 
coal, bafkets  and  brooms,  are  fent  thence 
to  Bofton.  Early  in  the  war  a  large  quan- 
tity of  gunpowder,  of  an  excellent  quality, 
was  made  in  this  town,  for  the  American 
army,  from  fah  petre,  the  produce  of  the 
towns  in  its  vicinity. 

Stoiv,  a  towndiip  of  Ma(rachufetts,Mid' 
dlefex  CO.  incorporated  in  168.^,  and  con- 
tains S90  inhabitants,  36  miles  N  W  of 
BoHon. 

Stovf,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Chitten- 
den CO.  about  25  or  30  mile»  E  of  Burling- 
ton, has  316  inhabitants. 

Stoioe  Creek,  one  of  the  7  townfliips  into 
which  Cumberland  co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  di- 
vided. 

Strabane,  two  townfliips  of  Pennfylva- 
nia ;  the  one  in  York  co.  the  other  in  that 
of  Wafliington. 

Strafford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Thetfofd,  adjoining,  having 
i6<2  inhabitants. 

Strafford,  a  county  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
bounded  N  and  N  W  by  Grafton,  S  E  by 
Rockingham,  and  £  by  Maine.  It  con- 
tains 35  townfhips,  almofl  wholly  agricul- 
tural, and  has  no  fea  port.  I'he  branches 
of  the  Pifcataqua  and  Merrimack,  and 
other  flreains  water  this  county  ;  befule 
the  lakes  Winnipifeogce  and  OlGpee.  It 
contains  .1 2,614  inhabitants.  Chief  town* 
Dover  and  Durham. 

Straiti   of  Beering,  or  Bbering,  feparatf  I 
the  N  W  part  of  N.  America  from  the  N  1 
£  coafl  of  Alia.     Beering's  Illand   lies  m  \ 
iat.  ss  N,  and  Ion.  164  35  E. 
Hu'ifiur^,  a  poft  town  •i  Virginia,  She- 

Bauuuiiii  I 


STR 


sue 


«:indoah  co.  on  the  N  W  branch  of  the 
N  fork  of  Shenandoah  river,  and  contain! 
n  handfome  German  Lutheran  church, 
nnd  60  or  70  houfes.  It  is  77  miles  N  E 
by  Nof  Staunton,  18  S  S  W  of  Winchef- 
ter,  310  S  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  100 
from  Wafliington. 

Strajburg,  a  town  of  Lancafter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania ;  fituated  on  an  eminence,  and 
in  the  centre  of  a  fertile  and  well  cultivat- 
ed country,  and  contains  about  60  houfes, 
feveral  of  which  are  built  of  brick.  It  is 
8  miles  E  of  Lancafber,  58  W  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  114  from  Wa(hington,  and  has 
9411  inhabitants. 

Strajburg,  a  fettlement  in  Kentucky, 
near  tne  Bullit  Lick. 

Stratford,  a  tnwnfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connedti- 
cut  river,  between  Cockburn  N,  and 
Northumberland  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Upper  Amonoofuck  on  the  S.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1773,  and  contains  a8i 
inhabitants.  It  is 58  miles  above  Hanover. 

Stratford,  a  pleafant  pod  town  of  Con- 
nedlicut,  in  Fairfield  co.  on  the  W  fide 
of  Stratford  river,  which  contains  %  places 
for  public  worfliip,  feveral  neat  and  com- 
modious houfes,  and  3650  inhabitants. 
It  is  14  miles  S  W  of  N.  Haven,  ao  N  £ 
of  Norivalk,  and  318  from  Wafliington. 
The  townfliip  of  Stratford,  the  Cupbeag 
of  the  Indians  was  fettled  in  1638,  prin- 
cipally from  MaflTachufetts. 

Stratford  River.     See  Houfattnie. 

Stratbam,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire  ; 
Rockingham  CO.  Incorporated  in  1693, 
and  contains  890  inhabitants.  It  lies  on 
the  rnad  from  Portfmouth  to  Exeter  $  10 
mile3Woftheformer,and4£of  the  latter. 

Stratton,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Wind- 
ham CO.  about  15  miles  N  £  of  Benning- 
ton, having  471  inhabitants. 

Straivberry  Gap,  a  pafs  in  the  moun- 
tains on  the  road  from  Philadelphia  to 
Lancader  ;  41  miles  W  of  the  former, 
and  16  S  £  of  the  latter. 

Strawberry  River,  faHs  into  Lake  Onta- 
rio;  and  is  thus  named  from  the  great 
quantity  of  large  fruit  of  that  name  grow- 
ing on  its  bank. 

St.  Regis,  a  confiJerable  Indian  village 
on  the  S  fliore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  oppo- 
fitc  Petite  Ifle,  Sf.  Regis.  .> 

St,  Regit,  Grande  IjU,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of  the 
townfliip.  of  Cornwall,  contains  froAi 
800  to  loco  acres  ;  the  foil  it  good  ;  and 
the -Indians  have  corn  fields  there. 

St.  Regie, Petite I/le,'m  the  river  St. Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of  the  St. 


Regis  Indians  land  ;  the  foil  is  good,  and 
the  Indians  hive  corn  fields  there,  the 
fame  as  on  Grande  Ifle  St.  Regis,  which 
is  near  to  it.  SmjlL 

Stroudj,  a  ftage  on  the  new  road  from 
Lexington  in  Kentucky,  to  Virginia,  17 
miles  N  £  of  Lexington. 

StroudJbHrz,  a  pod  town  in  Wayne  co. 
Pennfylvania,aa8  miles  fromWafliingtont 

Strong,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Kennebeck  riv- 
er, formerly  called  No.  3  or  RecdftowiH 
alxmt  40  miles  N  W  of  Augufta. 

Stroudwaler,     See  Cafeo  Bay. 

Stuart' t  IJland,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N, 
America,  is  about  6  or  7  It-agues  in  circuit, 
about  17  leagues  from  Cape  Denbigh  oa 
the  continent.    N  lat.  63  IS' 

Stuart,  a  town  in  Grafton  ca  N.  Haaip- 
fliire,  on  the  £  bank  of  Connedticut  riv- 
er, has  Colebrook  on  the  S,  and  a  tradt 
of  2000  acres,  on  the  N,  belonging  to 
Dartmouth  college.  It  has  99  inhabitantsi. 

Stumfioiou,  a  fmall  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Dauphin  co.  on  a  branch  of  Little 
Swatara.  It  contains  about  20  houfes, 
and  a  German  Lutheran  and  Calvinift 
church  united,  tt  is  24  miles  E  N  E  of 
Harrifll>urg,  and  89  N  W  by  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Sturbridge,  a  townfliip  in  the  S  W  cor- 
ner of  Worcefter  co.  Mafi'achu<ett«,  con- 
taining 28,929  acres,  bounded  by  Wood- 
Ilock  and  IJnion  on  the  S,  and  on  the  N 
by  Brookfield.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1738,  and  contains  1846  iiihabitanti. 
The  butter  and  chcefe  made  here  have 
obtained  high  credit  in  the  markets.  It 
is  70  miles  S  W  by  W  of  Bofion,  and  x% 
S  W  of  Worcefter. 

Sturgeon  Creek.     See  Kitlrry. 

Sturgeon  Lake,  is  tp  the  W  of  the  chain 
of  lakes  leading  from  the  Grand  Portage, 
and  £  of  Lake  la  Place,  U.  Canada. 

Styx,  A  {ma\l  branch  of  Patowmac  riv- 
er, where  it  is  called  Columgoronto.  It 
riles  in  the  Laurel  Thickets,  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains ;  runs  N,  and  empniea 
oppofite  to  Laurel  Creek. 

Succefs,  a  bay,  aUb  called  Good  Succefs, 
on  Terrsi  del  Fiiego,  or  the  weflern  tliorc 
of  Strait  le  Maire.  S  lat.  54  50,  W  Inn. 
65  25.  Cape  Succefs, on  the  point  ofthis 
,bay,lie8  in  lat.  55  i  S,  and  Ion.  6j  27  W. 

Suceift,  an  uninhabited  townfliip  of  N. 
Hampflure,in  Grafton  co.N  E  of  the  White 
Mountains  on  the  £  line  of  the  (late,  in- 
corporated in  1773. 

Sutk  Creek,  empties  into  Teneflee  river 
from  the  S  £,  at  the  Syet,ot  IVlirl, where 
the  river  is  coatradcd  to  the  btiadth  of 

7fl| 


SUF 


6UG 


90  yardi.  It  ii  a  few  miles  N  from  tlie 
Georgia  N  line.  See  lentjjfte  and  Sballov> 
Furd, 

Saeilitig  Cape,  on  the  N  W  part  of  N. 
America  ;  off  which,  and  to  the  N  £  (Rd 
ef  Kaye'«  Ifland,  it  a  muddy  bottom  with 
from  43  to  »7  fathoms  water.  The  S  W 
point  of  Kayc's  Ifl^ndis  in  lat.59  49  ^1 
•ud  Ion.  143  2  W. 

SuJiury,  a  CO.  of  N.  Brunfwieli,  on  the 
Vf  fide  of  St.  John's  river,  towardi  it* 
mouth. 

Sudiury^  or  SaSuty,  a  townihip  of  Ver* 
mont,  in  Rutland  co.  having  Orwell  on 
the  W.    It  contains  5*1  inhabitants. 

Sudbury,  Eaft,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  Middlefex  co.  on  the  po(l  road  19 
iniles  W  of  Bodon.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  I78o,ar.d  contains  835  inhabitants. 

Siniiury,  ffe/t,  or  Sudbuty,  a  townfliip 
W  of  £.  Sudbury,  and  25  miles  W  of  Bol.. 
ton.  It  wan  incorporated  in  1639,  and 
contains  1303  inhabitants. 

Sudiury  Canada,  in  York  CO.  Maine,  is 
on  the  S  fide  of  Androfcoggin  river,  and 
g  of  Andovcr.  In  1796,  it  was  ereifled 
into  a  townfliip  called  Bethel,  and  ha« 
two  piriOies. 

Sue,  Lj,  a  powerful  nition  of  Indians 
inhabiting  wedward  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  the  MilBfippi.    Warriors  10,000. 

Sjier,  Fort  le,  in  Louifiana,  it  on  the  W 
bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  and  £  of  Fort 
I/Huillier,  on  St.  Peter's  river. 

Suet,  a  fioiirilhing  village  in  the  town 
of  Dennis,  co.  of  Baniftablo,  bordering  on 
Harwich,  containing  36  dwelling  houfes. 
Belonging  to  this  village  are  5  fai|  of  fi(h- 
x'rmen,  and  24  fait  works,  which  yield  an- 
nually upwards  of  600  bufhcis  of  marine 
(alt,  hePide  %700  lbs.  of  Glauber  .''alt. 

SitfJieU,  a  pleafant  poft  town  of  Connec- 
ticut, Hartford  it^.  having  a  handfome 
church  and  fome  rrfpcdbable  dwelling 
houfci.  It  is  on  the  W  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut river  on  the  great  port:  road  from 
B<iilon  to  N.  York,  10  milts  S  of  Spring- 
^eld,  17  N  of  Hertford,  and  332  N  £  of 
Philadelphia.  This  towniliip  was  pur- 
.  chafed  of  two  Indian  facb<.ms  iot  £^0, 
and  itt  1670, w.""  granted  to  Major  John 
.Pyncheon,  by  the  a.Ttmbly  of  Maifachu- 
.fetiH.     It  h.is  a636  inhabitants. 

SufJitH  CO.  of  U.Canada, bounded  E 
by  tue  CO.  of  Norfolk,  S  by  lake  Erie, 
mitil  it  meets  the  carrying  -place  from 
Point  aux  Pins  unto  the  Thames  )  W  by 
the  carrying  place,  and  thence  up  th« 
river  Thames  until  it  meets  the  north- 
'  wefternmud  boundary  of  the  co,  of  Npf' 


{' 


folk.  Its  boundaries  were  cftabliflied  by 
proclamation  the  6th  July  1 791.  It  fends 
in  conjundtiou  with  Eflcx,  one  reprcfcu- 
tativc  to  the  provincial  parliament. 

Smytb. 

Suffolk,  a  CO.  of  Maffachufclts,  fo  nam- 
ed from  that  in  England,  in  which  gover- 
nor Winthrop  lived,  before  he  emigrated 
to  America.  It  contains  4  towns,  BoAon, 
ChcUiea,  Hull  and  Hingliam,  which  have 
»8,oij  inliabitantt.  Sunolk  was  conflitut- 
•d  a  county,  May  |0,  1643.  ^ce  Majfa' 
«!>u/ettt  and  Boflau, 

SuffoH,  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  Long  Idand,  is 
about  100  miles  long,  and  10  broad,  and 
comprehends  all  that  part  of  the  Hate 
bounded  eafterly  and  foutherly  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  northerly  by  the  Sound, 
and  wcAerly  by  Lloyd's  Neck,  or  Queen's 
Village,  Cold  Spring  harbour  and  the  £ 
boundt  of  the  townfliip  of  Oyttcr  Bay  ; 
the  line  continued  S  to  the  Atlantic  Oceaa, 
inciudinc  the  Ifle  of  Wight,  now  called 
Qitrdncr's  Ifland,  Shelter  Mand,  Plumb 
lllandt,  Robin's  Illand,  and  the  Gull  Ifl- 
and^.  Filher'i  Idand  alfo  belongs  to  it. 
It  contains  19,464  inhabitants.  There 
are  9  townfliips.  SuHTolk  co.  court  houfe, 
is  15  miles  from  Southampton,  ij  from 
Sagg  Harbour,  and  80  from  N.  York  city, 
.  Here  is  a  pod  office. 

Suffolk,  a  pod  town  of  Virginia,  in 
Naulemona  |co.  on  the  £  fide  of  the  river 
Nanfemoud.  It  cpptains  a  court  houle, 
gaol,  and  about  40  huufes.  The  river  is 
thus  far  navigable  for  vefl'els  of  ajo  tons, 
ft  is  28  miles  W  by  S  of  PortfmOuth,  83  E 
S  E  of  Peterfliurg,  |io  S  E  of  Riehmond, 
386  from  Philadelphia,  and  240  from 
Wafliington. 

Sitffdi,  a  pod  town  in  Suflez  co.  Virgin- 
ia, 185  nnlcs  from  Wafhington. 

Suffrage,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in  Ot« 
fego  CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Sufquehannah  R. 
taken  from  Unadilla,  and  incorporated  in 
1796.    The  name  has  been  fince  changed. 

Sugar  Creek,  or  Cafart  Greet,  a  confider- 
able  branch  of  Little  Miami  river. 

Sugar  Hill,  ^  ragged  eminence,  the  top 
of  which  overlooks  and  commands  the 
whole  works  of  Ticonderoga,  where  the 
waters  of  Lake  George  empty  into  Lake 
Champlain,  and  oppofite  tort  Independ- 
ence, in  the  date  of  Vermont.  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne  made  a  lodgement  on  \hu  hill, 
which  the  Americans  edeemed  inaccefii' 
ble  ;  and  thus  forced  Gen.  St.  Clair  to 
abandon  the  fort  in  June,  1777. 

Sugarlaaf  Hill,  a  fmall  natural  landmark, 
OR  tb«  N  fltori^  of  Lake  £rie».  between 


SUM 


SUN 


rer- 

e,  the  top 
mands  the 
where  the 
into  Lake 
Independ' 
Gen.  Bur- 
^hU  hilli 
inacceOi' 
Clair  to 

lacdmatk, 
1^  between 


Ahtuo,and  the  Graod  rlvcr,on  tliehound- 
fjcy  between  the  tuwiUliips  ut  Humlicrf- 
tone  and  Waiiitleet.  Hwytb, 

Sugar  River,  in  Che(hirc  CO.  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  rifes  in  Sunapce  Iake>  <ind,  after  a 
fliortcuurfc  W,emptie«  into  Ciuuieclicut 
R.  at  Ciermunt,  and  oppolite  to  Alhcut- 
pey  mountain  in  Vennunt.  ThcTc  is  a 
ftrong  expcdlationof  uniting  this  river,  bv 
a  {hurt  canal,  with  Contocook,  whicn 
falls  into  Meriiniack  R.  at  Bofcawen. 

Svgar  Loaf  Bay,  gn  the  N  £  fide  of  Juan 
Fcrnaude'i  Ifland ;  loo  leagues  W  of  the 
cnaft  of  Chili. 

Sugar,  a  river  of  Veragua,  wlilch  cmp« 
ties  into  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Sullivan,  a  pod  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.  York,  499  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Sullivan,  a,  to\vnfliip  of  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  containing  488  inhabitants. 

Sullivan,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  Kan- 
cock  CO.  and  on  Frenchman's  fiay,  12 
miles  N  W  of  Goldfborough,  38  W  S  W 
of  Pcnol'fcot,  310  N£  of  Budon,  and 
796  from  WaAiington.  The  townHiip 
contains  504  inhabitants.    See  Wauiea^ue, 

Sullivtin,  a  county  of  Ten^JTec,  Wafli- 
Sngton  di(iriiA,  432  miles  from  Wafhing- 
ton  city.  In  1795,  it  contained  according 
to  the  State  ceni'us,  845  7  inhabitants,  c^ 
whom  777  weie  Haves.  In  i3co  it  had 
10,2 1 8  inhabitants.  At  the  court  houfe 
there  't<>  a  pod  (>(Rca. 

SuJlivan't  IJland,  one  of  the  three  iflands 
wliich  form  tlie  N  part  of  Charleitun  har- 
liour,  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  about  7  miles 
S  £  of  Cbarledon. 

Sulphur  Creel,  Liltlf,  one  of  the  fouth- 
ern  upper  branches  of  Green  river  in 
Kentucky  ;  and  lies  S  W  of  another 
branch  called  Bryant's  Lick  creek.  Near 
tttis  is  a  fulphur  t'pring.        • 

■Sulfbur  Ifiandt,      See  Majrgaret's  Ifei. 

Sulphur  Mountain,  a  noted  mountain  in 
the  ifland  of  Guadaluupe,  famous  for  ex- 
hahitions  of  fulphur,  and  eruptions  of 
«^ies.  Oo  the  £  fide  are  a  mouths  of  an 
enormous  fulphur  pit  ;  one  of  thefe 
mouths  is  100  feet  ip  diameter ;  the 
depth  is  unknown. 

Sutnanji/lown,  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
Montgomery  co.  33  miles  N  W  by  N  of 
PiiilBdelphia. 

Sumner,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  bounded  by  Hartford  B  and  Paris 
W.  The  wtfterly  branch  of  Twenty  miki 
Stream  tuna  through  this  town.  Incor- 
porated in  1798. 

Sumntr,  a  county  of  TcnelTde,  in  Mero 
diftrifSt  It  is  bounded  N  by  Kentucky, 
lands  by  tUe  Indian  landsi  W  by  Da- 


vitlfcn  CO.  It  is  wntered  by  Cumbcr- 
!aiid  river.  It  is  very  Icrtile,  and  has  a 
Ptclbytciian,  a  Laptid  and  a  methodift 
cluirclics.  According  to  the  ceul'us,  ic 
contains  461^)  inhabitants. 

SuMj'iier,  a  diOridt  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 13,10,}  inhabitants,  6563  being 
Haves.      See  A'.  Carolinj, 

Sumpterfv<lle,i  port  tuwnin  Clermont  co, 
S.  Carolina,  519  miles  from  Walhington. 

Sunapee,  a  lake  and  mountain  in  Chcflia 
ire  CO.  N.  Hainpfliirc.  The  lake  is  about 
Bor  9  miles  long,  and  3  broad,  and  fend* 
its  waters  through  Sugar  river  W,  14 
miles  to  ConneAicut  river.  '1  he  moun- 
tain Hands  at  the  S  end  of  the  lake. 

Suiiltuiy,  a  county  of  N.  Erunfwick.  It 
is  on  the  river  St.  John,  at  the  headof  tho 
Bayof  Fundy ;  and  contains  8  tuwnfliips, 
viz.  Conway,  Gagetown,  Burton,  Sunbu- 
ry,  St.  Annes,  Wihnot,Ncwtou,and  Alau- 
gerville.  The  3  lafl  were  fealed  front 
Maflachufetts,  Conne«Slicut,  &c.  Ihe 
lands  are  generally  pretty  level,  and  tol- 
erably fertile,  abounding  with  variety  of 
timber, 

Sunbury,  the  chief  town  of  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pennfylvania  ;  lituatcd  near 
where  Fort  Augulhi  was  i  rtuStt.  d,  on  ih^. 
£  fide  of  Sufquehannah  river,  juft  below 
the  juu(5lion  of  the  £  and  \V  branches  of 
that  river,  in  lat.  about  40  j  3  N.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court  . 
houfe,  brick  gaol,  a  PreA)yterian  and  Ger- 
miin  Lutlicruu  church,  and  about  100 
dwelling  h(  vS.  Here  the  river  is  about 
half  a  mile  b;o:'U,  and  at  the  ferry  oppo-> 
fite  Northumberland,  about  a  mile  higli- 
er,  is  ;^ths  of  a  mile.  It  is  about  76  miles 
above  Reading,  xso  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Sunlury,a,  port  of  entry  and  pofl:  town 
of  Georgia,  beautifully  fituated  in  Liber* 
ty  CO.  at  the  head  of  St.  Catherine's 
Sound,  on  the  main,  between  Medway 
and  Newport  rivers,  about  15  miles  S  of 
Great  Ogcechc  river.  The  town  and 
harbour  are  defended  from  the  fury  of 
the  lea  by  the  N  and  S  points  of  St.  Hele- 
na and  St.  Catherine's  Iflands  ;  between 
is  the  bar  and  entrance  into  the  Sound  ; 
the  harbour  is  capacious  and  fafe,  and 
has  water  enough  for  fliips  of  great  bur- 
den. It  is  a  very  pleafant  healthy  town, 
and  is  the  refort  of  the  planters  from  the 
adjacent  country,  during  the  ficklj^ 
months.  It  WAS  burnt  during  the  hitp 
war,  hut  has  fince  been  rebuilt.  Aq 
academy  was  eftabliflied  here  in  1788, 
which  has  been  under  an  able  in(lru<9:ort 
and  proved  a  very  uf«ful  inditution.      It 

f» 


SUP 


SUR 


n  40inilM  S  ofSavitnnah,  974  Trom  Ph!- 
taclelphi.'t,  iiiid  ftyo  trom  Wailiington. 

fiuncooi,  York  CO.  Maine,  now  Lovell. 

Suntferlnnd,  a  townOiip  of  Vermont, 
'  Bennington  c«.  16  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton, and  contains  557  inhabitants.  A 
Jean  mine  has  been  dJfcovered  in  this 
lownfhip. 

tiimderl.mtf,  a  towfifliipof  MalTachufctts, 
in  Hainplhire  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Con- 
necticut river,  about  10  mile*  N  of  Had- 
ley  and  loo  W  of  Boftoti.  There  is  here 
a  nandfome  Congregatioaat  church,  aftd 
70  or  80  hvufes,  lying  chiefly  on  one 
4lreet.  It  was  incorporated  ia  1718,  and 
contains  Si7  inhabitants. 

Su/>aj  Una,  or  Devil's  HHi,  a  remarka- 
ble eminence  in  <2uito,  in  Peru,  between 
the  vallies  of  Chugui  pata,  and  thofe  of 
Paute.  It  has  its  name  from  a  fabulous 
Aory  of  enchantment,  propagated  by  a 
fuperditious  Spaniard.  It  is  thought  to 
contain  rich  mines. 

Suj>triar,/jait,  formerly  termed  the  Up- 
per Lake,  from  its  northern  fituation.  It 
inay  juftly  he  termed  the  Cafpian  Sea  of 
America,  and  is  Aippofed  to  be  the  largeft 
body  of  frefl\  water  on  the  globe.  Ac- 
cording' to  the  French  charts  it  is  1,500 
-miles  in  circumference.  According  to 
Mackeneie  its  greatcd  breadth  is  1  aomiles, 
and  its  circumference, including  the  bays, 
but  1 200.  A  great  part  of  the  coaft  is 
bounded  by  rocks  «n<l  uivjven  ground. 
It  is  fituated  between  4A  and  50  N  !at.  and 
lietween  84  30  and  9z  Wlon.  The  wa- 
ter is  very  clear,  and  tranfparent.  If  the 
I'un  fliines  bright,  it  is  impofllble  through 
this  medium  to  look  at  the  rocks  at  the 
bottom,  above  a  minute  or  two.  Al- 
though the  water,  at  the  furface,  is  much 
^varmed  by  the  heat  of  the  fun,  yet,  when 
drawn  .up  at  about  a  fathom  depth,  it  is 
very  cold.  Storms  are  more  dreadful 
here  than  on  the  ocean.  "There  are  many 
illands  in  this  lake;  two  of  them  have  each 
land  enough,  if  proper  for  cultivation,  to 
form  a  confiderable  province  ;  efpecial- 
iy  Ifle  Royal,  which  is  not  lefs  than  too 
tnileb  long,  and  in  many  places  40  broad. 
The  natives  fuppofe  the*?  iflands  to  be 
the  refidence  of  the  Great  Spirit.  This 
iake  difcharges  its  waters  from  the  S  £ 
corner  through  the  Straits  of  St.  Marie, 
which  are  alxtut  40  miles  long,  into  Lake 
Huron.  Lake  Superior,  although  about 
40  rivers  empty  into  it,  many  of  which 
are  large,  yet  it  does  not  appear  that  one 
tenth  part  of  the  waters  which  it  receives, 
i»   4ifcharged  by    the  abovementioned  j 


ftrait ;  Great  part  of  the  waters  frspt- 
rate  ;  and  Providence  doubrleft  msikes  ule 
of  this  inland  Ira  to  furnilli  the  interior 
pans  of  tlic  country  with  that  fupply  of 
vapuurs,without  wliicli,  like  the  interior 
parts  of  Africa,  they  mud  have  been  i 
mere  defcrt.  A  number  of  triltes  live 
around  the  Lake.  It  abounds  vrith  a 
great  variety  of  tifh.  There  are  troufn 
weighing  from  5  to  50  pound^  pickerel, 
red  and  white  carp,  black  bafs,  herringi, 
and  white  frfti.  'i'hefe  laft  weigh  from  4 
to  16  pounds.  No  very  large  rivers  ntn 
into  this  lake  ;  the  principal  are  the  St. 
Louis,  theNipigon,and  the  Mirhipicotcn. 
The  lake  13  olten  covered  with  fog,  whicli 
when  the  wind  is  eaderly  fall**  un  iIir 
weftern  fliore  in  torrents  of  rain.  The 
lines  on  the  rocks  furroundingthisimmenfe 
lake  prove  that  the  waters  arc  about  6 
feet  lower  than  formerly. 

Surinam,  a  province  of  S.  America,  be- 
longing to  the  Dutch.      6ec  Dutch  Cuianf. 

Surinam,  a  beautiful  river  of  Dutcii 
Guiana;  three  quarters  of  a  mile  widi^ 
at  its  mouth  ;  navigable  ibr  th«  largeft 
vefTels  i  a  miles,  and  forfmaller  veflels  60 
'  or  70  miles  further.  Its  banks,  quite 
to  the  water's  edge,  are  covered  with 
evergreen  mangrove  trees,  which  render 
the  profpe<a  very  delightful.  The  en- 
trance is  guarded  by  a  fort  and  %  redoubts, 
but  not  of  any  great  ftrcngth.  At  6  mile* 
up,  the  Commanwine  falls  into  it,  and  on 
the  point  of  land  between  the  two  rivers 
are  the  forts.  The  town  of  Surinam  is 
in  lat.  6  10  N,  and  Ion.  ss  a»  W.  The 
bed  anchorage  is  under  Zelandia  Fort. 

Surry,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Saliibury 
di(lri<Sl ;  bounded  £  by  Stokes,  and  W  by 
Wilkes,  k  contains  9405  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 96^  flaves.  The  Moravian  fet- 
tlements  of  Wachovia  are  in  this  county. 
Near  the  river  Yadkin  is  a  forge,  which 
manufadlures  bar  iron.  The  Ararat  or 
Pilot  Mountain,  about  16  miles  N  W  of 
Salem,  draws  the  attention  of  every  curi- 
ous traveller  in  this  part  of  the  State.  It 
is  dii'cernible  at  the  diftance  of  60  or  70 
miles,  overlooking  the  country  below. 
It  was  anciently  called  the  Pilot,  by  the 
Indians,  as  it  ferved  them  for  a  beacon,  to 
conduiTk  their  routes  in  the  northern  and 
fouthern  wai  j.  On  approaching  it,  »■ 
grand  difpiay  of  nature's  workmanfliipi 
in  rude  drefs,  is  eihibited.  From  it« 
broad  bafe,  the  Mountain  rifes  in  eafy  af- 
cent,  like  a  pyramid,  near  a  mile  high,  to 
where  it  is  not  more  than  the  area  of  an  I 
acre  broad ;  when,  on  a  fudcien,  a  vail 

ftupenduus 


nerica,  be- 

ulch  Gtihtni). 
of  Dutcl> 
mile  widtt 
the   largeft 
r  veffels  60 
ank»,  quite 
vered  with 
hich  render 
.      The  en- 
1  %  redoubts, 
At  6  miles 
to  it,  and  011 
two  river* 
Surinam  is 
W.      The 
idia  Fort. 
jajSaliftury 
»,  and  W  by 
ibitants,in- 
[oravian  fet- 
thi»  county, 
forge,  which 
e  Ararat  or 
itles  N  W  of 
every  curi- 
Jie  State.    It 
of  60  or  70 
ntry   below. 
ilot,  by  the 
a  beacon,  to 
lorthem  and 
iching  it.   * 
'orkmanfliipi 
From  i» 
[es  in  eafy  af- 
mile  high,  to 
ic  area  of  an 
[dden,  a  vaft 
ftupendous 


8US 

(lupendous  rock,  hitving  the  app-.>:iranre 
•t  a  large  calkle,-  with  itst  bitllfnient<t, 
•rcvStft  its  perpendicular  height  upwards 
<)f  ,^00  feet,  and  terminates  in  a  fl  it,  which 
is  generally  as  level  as  a  iluur.  'I'o  al'ccnil 
this  precipice,  there  is  only  one  way, 
which,  through  cavities  ami  htlurch  of  the 
rock,  is  with  fomedidiculty  and  dunger 
•iTetftcd.  When  on  ihc-  fummit,  the  eye 
it  entert.iined  with  a  vafi,  delighiliil  prof- 
pe^fl;  of  tlte  A[>:ilachi;iu  luouiUuiiis,  on  the 
N,  and  a  witlo,  extciulcd  level  country 
below,  on  the  >S  ;  while  the  (IrcanMof  the 
Yadlcin  and  Diin,  on  the  rijjht  iind  U-lt 
h.tnd,  are  dilcuverL^J  at  fevtral  <ti(k;int 
lilaces,  winding  their  way,  through  the 
fertile  low  groumls,  towards  the  ocean. 

Surry,  a  county  of  Virjjinia,  hutiiided  N 
liy  James  river,  wliich  fepunitcit  it  from 
Charles  City  co.  E  by  Ille  of  Wight,  aird 
W  by  Prince  George's  co.  It  contains 
3477  free  inhabitant!!,  and  ^2s>i  ilives. 
At  the  court  houfe  there  is  a  pod  olHce. 
Siiiry,  a  townfhip  of  N.  Hampfhire,  in 
Chefliire  co.  containing  569  inhabitants, 
It  lies  £  of  Walpole,  adjoinng,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1769. 

Surry,  a  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on 
the  W  bank  of  Union  river,  at  its  mouth, 
about  ao  miles  N  £  of  Cuftine. 

Sufquebannab  Rher,  rifei  in  Lake  U(la> 
vanthe,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  and  runs 
ni  fucli  a  ferpentine  courfe  that .  it  croil'es 
the  boundary  line  between  the  States  of 
Pennfylvania  and  N.  York,  three  times. 
It  receives  the  Tyoga  river  in  N  lat.  41  57. 
Afterwards  it  proceeds  S  £  to  Wyoming, 
without  any  obftruAion  by  falls,  and  then 
8  W  over  Wyoming  falls,  till,  at  Sunbury, 
in  lat.  41  it  meets  the  W  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah,  which  is  navigable  90  miles 
from  its  mouth.  From  Sunbury  the  riv- 
er is  pafTablcwith  boats  to  Harriiburg 
and  Middleton,  on  the  Swatara.  About 
15  miles  above  Harr!fburg  it  receives 
the  Juniatta,  from  the  north  welt,  pro« 
ceeding  from  the  Alleghany  mountains 
and  flowing  through  a  broken  country. 
Hence  it  takes  its  courfe  about  S  £,  until 
it  falls  into  the  head  of  Chefapeak  Bay, 
)uft  below  Havre  de  Grace.  It  is  more 
than  a  mile  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  naviga- 
ble only  30  miles,  the  navigation  being  ob- 
IlruiSed  beyond  thnt  by  the  Rapids.  The 
inland  navigation  between  Schuylkill  and 
Kufquebannah,  will  bring  by  water  to 
Philadelphia,  the  trade  of  a  mofl  fertile 
country  of  about  1000  miles  fquare,  or 
6^)00,000  acres  uf  land.  t[  this  can  be 
accompli£hed,an  inland  navigation  may  be 
caily  okaAc  t«  tite  QUisond  to  Lake  Erie, 


\ 


S  M  g' 


which  WiUiKl  at  once  open  a  comm"«n|v 
crition  with  above  aooo  mile*  extent  ut 
wcllern  country,  viz.  with  all  the  };re:i'? 
lakes  together  with  the  countrie-;  whiclr 
lie  on  the  waters  of  IVlilIilippi,  Milliiuri, 
and  all  their  liranches  The  water  com- 
munication between  Schuylkill  and  .Suf-' 
quchaunah,  which  is  the  foul  of  all  this, 
will  he  about  60  miles,  as  the  naviRatij)!!' 
nnilt  g(S  althmii;h  the  diftance  on  a  line  i» 
«)nly  40  miles.  This  track  is  cut  by  twi> 
creeks, the  ^uit.ipuhilla  and  theTulpeho- 
kRi.  'I'hel'e  two  crc«?ks  lead  within  4 
miles  of  each  otiier  ;  ilic  lovcl  of  tlirir 
head  waters  i»  iieariv  llie  tame,  aiul  ihe 
fp»Le  between  them  makes  tlie  litijiht  of 
land,  or,  a-i  it  is  ct)mm<iiily  c.ilh'd,  tiio 
tvuTcw /.J//.'/ hi'twec'ii  tiic  two  riv'Ms  wl\;.l> 
is  nearly  on  a  plain,  and  the  txirtom  uf 
the  can.tl,  through  which  the  navigation 
midt  pals,  will  no  where  rife  more  than 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  htr.d  w.ttcri 
of  the  two  creeks  above  mentioned,  nfir 
fo  much  as  aoo  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
waters  of  Sulquehannah  or  Skuylkill. 
'I'hc  Company  inditutcd  the  a9th  of  Sept. 
1 791,  has  a  capital  of  1000  lliarcs  at  40m 
doll.irseach.  payable  at  fuch  lime  as  the 
Company  flvill  dircil.  Tl'c  work  is  al- 
ready ill  forwardnefs.  Coid  of  an  excel- 
lent quality  is  found  on  feveral  parts  of 
this  river,  particularly  at  Wyoming. 

Siijfex,  the  north  wefternmoft  co.  of  N. 
Jerfey.  It  is  mountainous  and  healthy, 
and  has  feveral  iron  mines ;  and  works 
have  been  erci5fed  for  the  manufatSlure  of 
bar  and  pig  iron.  It  produces  excellent 
crops  of  wheat ;  and  in  no  part  of  the 
State  are  greater  herds  of  cattle.  The 
produce  is  floated  down  the  Delaware  is 
boats  and  rafts.  Here  are  5  Prefbyteri- 
an  churches,  a  for  Anahaptifls,  i  for  Ger- 
man Lutherans,  and  i  for  Quakers.  It 
contains  11  townfhips  ;  the  chief  of 
which  are  Newton,  Greenwich,  Hardyf- 
ton,  Knowltovni,  and  Oxford.  The  pop- 
ulation is  32,534,  including  514  flaves.  It 
is  hounded  N  £  by  the  State  of  N.  York, 
N  W  by  Delaware  river,  which  feparatet 
it  from  Northampton  co.  in  Pennfylvania, 
and  S  £  and  S  by  Morris  and  Hunterdon 
counties.  Pauhn's  Kill  is  here  navigable 
for  fmall  craft  15  miles.  The  Mufconet- 
cony,  which  divides  the  county  frona 
Hunterdon,  is  capable  of  beneficial  im- 
provements, as  is  tlie  Pequeft  of  Pequafet, 
between  the  abovementioned  rivers.  The 
court  houre  in  this  county  is  13  miles  S 
W  of  Hamburg ;  38  N  £  of  £aflon,  ia 
Pennfylvania  ;  41  S  W  of  Gofhen,  in  N. 
^otk  ;  uid  i3i  N  by  K  cf  Philadelphia. 


I 


1; 


SWA 


SWE 


*th»  vWh'j*  at  thi»  pUoc  in  cillt'd  Uetftan. 

•S'.^tr,  u  county   of   Viri^iiiiii,  bouiiUud 

N  li  liy  Surry,  and  S  W  l>y  Uuiwiddit.  It 

cuntaiii*  J074  free  inlMbiutttt,  iuid  SJ^ii 

flikVCB. 

jiu^x,  a  nuritime  county  of  Delaware 
State,  bounded  W  and  S  liy  the  State  of 
Maryland,  N  C  by  Delaware  Biy,  E  by 
tli*e  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  N  by  Kent  ro. 
It  contains  19,358  inliabitants,  includin<r 
a'ijo  llavcH.  Cape  I-Knlopen  is  in  tiie  N 
K  part  of  the  county.  'I'he  land  is  gener- 
ally low,  r.indy  and  poor.  Chief  to>\4, 
G'jor^etowa 

Huiijur/anui  Cieii,  U.  Canada,  runs  info 
lako  St.  l'"ranci<,betwot'n  I'ointe  an  Bodct 
and  Polntc  Mouillce  in  the  townfliip  oi 
Lancaflor.  Smvtk 

Si.Uo/i,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Haniplhire, 
Ill'.lfboroui^ii  CO.  coiitaininjr  878i.ihabit- 
ants.  It  WM  tirfl  call  d  I'cri  yflown.aud 
Wa»  incorporatctl  in  1784. 

Siitijti,  a  townfliip  in  Wonertur  co. 
Maflachufettii.  46  niilea  W  S  \V  of  Kof- 
lon,  and  10  lu'Ies  S  by  E  of  Worcefler.  It 
tras  incorporated  in  1 718,  and  containn 
45.^0  inhabitants.  Plere  arc  10  gr^ft 
mills,  6  law  mills,  3  fulling  mills,  a  paper 
tnill,  an  oil  mill,  and  7  trip  hammers. 
There  .ire  5  icythe  and  axe  makers,  one 
hoe  mikcr,fcvcral  who  work  at  nail  ma- 
king, and  6  works  for  making  pot  nlh. 
Here  are  found  ginfcng  ,-ind  the  cohuHt 
root.  The  cavern,  commonly  called  J'ur- 
gtilory,  in  the  foiith  eallern  part  of  the 
town,  i«  a  natural  curiofity.  Bodies  of 
ice  are  found  here  in  June,  although  the 
defcciu  is  to  the  fouth. 

Sioullow  JJlanJ,  in  the  PaciHc  Ocean,  S 
lat.  10,  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  162  30;  dif- 
covered  liy  Roggewins,  1721. 

Sivampot,OT  Great  River,  to  <Uftingu!ni 
h  from  another  much  lefs,  alfo  called  Ex- 
ftfr  River,  rife*  in  Chefter,  in  N.  Hamp« 
{hire,  and  after  running  through  San- 
down,  Poplin,  Brentwood,  and  a  confid- 
crable  part  of  Exeter,  alTording  many  ex- 
cellent mill  feats,  tumbles  over  a  fall  20 
or  30  rods  in  length,  and  meets  the  tide 
from  Pifcataqv.a  harbour,  in  the  centre  of 
the  townfliip  of  Exeter.  The  fmaller  river 
rifes  in  £rcntwood  and  joins  Great  river 
about  a  tliird  of  a  mile  above  Exeter. 
Here  are  caught  a  plenty  of  alewives  and 
feme  oyfters.  Swamfcot  Is  the  Indian 
name  of  Exeter. 

Swan  IJland,  in  Maine,  divides  th«  wa- 
ters of  Kennebeck  river,  3  miles  from  the 
Chops  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay.  It  is  7 
■iii«  l»ag,  and  has  a  navigable  channel 


on  both  ruli'i,  but  (h  it  to  the  C  i*  niodlf 
ul'ed.  It  was  the  Icat  of  the  facliem  Knif 
Im.  The  ri.'ci-  itlclf  pr'diably  took  it* 
name  fiom  the  race  of  Sagamore*  of  the 
name  of  Kcncbis. 

S'tvitiniano,  tlia  1'  head  Water  of  French 
Droad  rivet,  in  Tenelfee.  Alfo  the  name 
of  a  fcttlement  within  about  60  mile*  of 
the  Ct'crokee  nation. 

Stuitntifjurougb,  the  chief  town  of  On- 
flow CO.  Wihuiuj^ton  diAri(St,N.  Carolina. 

Sxviiiifi,  a  towulhip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
II  iinplliirc,  adjoining  ChcUcrtreld  on  the 
K,  97  miles  \V  of  Portlmoutli.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  1271 
inhabitants. 

S-ihutJly,  a  pofl  town  in  Briftol  co.  Maf- 
fachmeiti,  containing  1741  iiiliabit:u)t.'i. 
It  was  incorpnrated  in  1667,  and  lies  51 
mile*  S  of  Boft;m. 

Stvanion,  a  port  town  of  Vcrmonf, 
Franklin  co  on  the  E  bank  of  Lake 
Champlain,  on  the  S  fide  of  Miichifcoui 
river.  This  townlTiiphai  a  cedar  I'wamp 
intheNWpart  of  it,  towards  Hog  III- 
and.  The  M.fchifcoui  is  navigable  for 
the  largcd  boats  7  miles,  to  the  falls  in 
this  town. 

Sii'iifitmrn,  in  Kent  co.  Maryland,  is  a- 
bout  3  miL's  foutli  eaftcrly  o(  Oeor-ctown. 

StviJeJb'jrougb,  a  fmitll  poll  town  of  N. 
Jcrfey,  Gloucefler  co.  on  Racoon  Creek, 
3  miles  from  its  mouth,  in  Delaware  riv- 
er, 11  S  by  W  of  Woodbury,  17  N  by  E 
ofS.alem,  ao  foulherly  of  Philadelpliia, 
and  166  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Su'tdijb  Amrric.u  The  Swedes  had  an- 
ciently fcttlemcnts  on  Delaware  river, 
and  the  Swedilli  church  in  Philadelphia 
is  the  oldelt  in  that  city.  The  only  A« 
mericau  fcttlement  they  have  now,  is  the 
fmall  ifland  of  Darthdomc-rv,  or  BarthcUmi, 
in  the  Wed  Uidies,  which  is  about  30  miles 
in  length,  and  the  fame  in  breadth.  It  was 
obtained  from  France  in  178J,  and  gave 
rife  to  the  Swedifli  W.  India  Company. 

Sweet  Sfriagt,  a  port  town  in  Virginia, 
30  miles  E  by  N  of  Grecnbiiar,  9.5  W  »i 
Staunton,  380  S  W  of  PhiiadclphiJ, 
and  300  miles  from  Washington.  The 
mineral  fprings  here  often  draw  4  or  joO 
people  together  for  their  health  and  a« 
mufcmcnt  during  the  monthsof  July,Au- 
gud,  and  September. 

Swell  Water  Creek  rifcs  'among  the 
eaflern  branches  of  Bear  Creek  and  Tom- 
higby  ;  it  runs  N  and  empties  into  tho 
Teneflee  3  miles  above  Long  Ifland.  h 
is  fed  by  fprings  of  excellent  water, 
whence  th«  name  given  it. 

S-wtliint, 


TAC 


TAL 


•NmIwv, •  river  of  Pennfjlvaaia,  wh!ch 
falli  iutolh*  Sttfauehana**  from  the  M  U 
about  7  auU*  8  E  of  Harrifliurg. 

SyJnty,  or  C«/^  Srthn  Htmti  which  fw. 

&0httjt  a  town  OB  tha  W  fide  of  Keana- 
beck  river,  in  Kcnocbeck  co.  9  milm  N 
of  AugufUi  *ad  hu  lot  I  inhiibitaiittt 

Syt^urf'    St9  Simjhmry. 

SyPtmbt,  an  iilaud  on  the  coalt  of  ftra- 
sil,  in  S.  Amcric4i  kbout  7  leuguc*  M  £ 
of  6u  John'*  Ifland,  and  N  W  from  a 
range  of  iilanda  which  form  tha  great 
Say  of  Para. 


/  AAWIRST,  att  of  the  tiiro  fHiall  ilU 

andi  within  the  reef  of  the  idand  of  Ota< 
bcitc,!n  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  There  i(U 
andk  have  anchorafc  within  the  reef  that 
furruund*  them. 

ttiAaii;  ail  ifland  in  the  Bay  of  Panaihat 
ahout  4  mile*  long,  and  .1  btoad.  It  i« 
ncuntainoui,  and  abounds  with  fruit 
tVteii.     N  lat.  7  50,  W  Ion.  60  16. 

Taiafft  an  iiland  {a  the  S  \^  part  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  at  the  bottom  iif 
the  Gulf  of  Can)peai:hy,  it  about  36  mile  1 
long,  and  about  7  broad  \  and  on  It  is 
built  the  town  of  Tabafcu,  in  lit.  17  40 
K,  auil  loo.  9^  39  W.  It  ii  the  capital 
of  a  rich  province  of  its  name,  and  is  lit  - 
uatcd  at  the  month  of  the  river  Grijalva, 
90  miles  £  of  Efpirilo  Santo,  and  160  S 
E  of  Mexico.  It  is  not  large,  but  is  well 
^uiltt  an^  is  confiderably  enriched  by  a 
conOant  rcfort  of  merchants  and  tradef- 
men  at '  Cbriftmaa.  The  river  Grijalva 
divides  itfclf  near  the  fca  into  two  branch- 
cs,  of  which  the  wjeftern  falls  into  the 
river  TaWfcoj^  wlilcb  rifcs  in  the  mounr 
tains  of  Chiapa,  and  the  other  continues 
its  courfe  till  within  4  Ipaguei  of  the  fca, 
where  it  fubdividcs,and  feparatcs  t|ie  id- 
and  /rom  the  continent.  Near  it  are 
plains  wtiich  a'hound  with  cattle  and  oih- 
cr  aniniaU,  particularly  the  mountain 
eow,  fo  chilled  from  its  refembliog  that 
creature,  and  feeding  on  a  fort  of  mols 
found  on  the  trees.near  great  rivers. 

Tittle  Mountain.     See  S.  Carolina. 

Ttlognilla,  or  Z'ttle  Taiago,  an  ifland 
Til  theltay  of  Panama.  The  channel  be- 
tween them  is  narrow  hut  eood,  through 
which  f^ips  pafs  to  Point  Chama  or  Nata. 

Taiotyamanoe,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  fubjcdt  to  one  of  the  Society 
Iflaodv^ 

facamti,  a  bay  on  the  coa{^  pf  P«Hi,io 
Vol.  I  £ee« ' 


Ltt.  about   I  6  N.  and  3  leaguei  to  the  II 
£of  Puiiu  Oalcra. 

TMihi/i  P§int,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Mexico, 
18  milet  from  the  town  of  Pamaro; 

744»i{fj<,  a  fmall  place  iu  L.  Caitada, 
at  the  mouth  uf  the  river  SaguiiM/,  oa 
the  N  (koi^c  of  tlie  river  8t.  Lawrence. 
Hut*  a  cui^fidcrable  trade  ha*  been  car- 
had  on  with  the  Indians,  they  bringing 
their  fun  ai\d  exchanging  iheni  for  £u* 
ropcan  clotiW  utcnAls  and  trinkets.  It  ia 
9t  mill*  below  Qiiebec.  N  lat.  48,  MT 
^o.  67  3j.  Sec  f.ijrwjM^  Slvtr. 
^  Tain/a,  a  fcttlemcni  m  W.  Florida,  oa 
the  E  cliannncl  of  the  great  Mobile  riv 
er,  on  a  high  bluff,  and  on  the  fcite  of  an 
ancient  Indian  town,  which  i*  apparent 
from  many  artificial  mound*  of  earth 
and  other  ruioa.  It  i*  about  30  milca 
above  Fort  Conde,  or  city  of  Mobile, 
at  the  head  of  tiie  bay.  Here  i*  a  de- 
lightful and  extcnlive  profpe<£t  of  fome 
fluurifliing  plantation*.  The  inhab- 
itant* are  moftiy  of  French  cxtraAion, 
and  are  chiefly  tenants.  The  myrit»  in*- 
i*ra,  or  wax  tree,  grows  here  to  the  height 
of  9  or  16  feet,  and  produce*  excellent 
wax  for  candles. 

Tagapipt,  a  cafHe  eredfd  on  a  point  of 
land  in  the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  iu  Brazil. 
It  is  pretty  confidcrable,  and  adds  greatly 
to  the  Drangth  ot  St.  Salvadore. 

tago,  Sant,  on  the  W  coafl  of  N.  Mex- 
ico, between  b'alagiia  and  the  White  Ruck. 

Tultoru,  one  of  the  fmalleft  of  the 
Sandwich  Iflandt,  3  leagues  from  the  S 
W  part  of  Mow'c. 

TaLbiifieLte,  a  confidcrable  town  of  the 
Seminole  Indians,  fituated  on  the  elevat- 
ed E  banks  of  the  Uttle  river  St.  John, 
near  the  buy  of  Apalache,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  about  75  miles  from  the  Ala- 
chua favanna.  Heic  are  near  30  habita- 
tions ronftrudied  of  frame  work,  and 
covered  with  the  bark  of  the  cyprefs  tree , 
.nfter  the  mode  of  Curcowilla,  and  a  fpa- 
cious  and  neat  council  hoiife.  Thefe  In- 
dians have  large  handfome  canoes,  which 
they  form  out  of  the  trunks  of  cyprefs 
trees,  fomc  capacitKit  enough  to  hold  30 
or  30  warriora.  In  thcfc  they  defcend 
the  river  on  trading  and  hunting  expedi- 
tions on  the  fea  coaft,  iflands,  and  keyst 
quite  to  the  Point  of  Florida  ;  and  fome- 
times  croft  the  Gulf  and  go  to  the  Baha- 
ma Iflands,  and  even  to  Cuba,  and  bring 
returnn  of  fpirituous  li<j[uors,  coffee,  fugar, 
and  tobacco. 

7aA«/e^M,or  T«JZii/oo/"«,  ihfpreat  NE 
branch  of  the  Alabama  or  Mobile  river. 


h 


1  \y 


bti-i 


TAL- 


T'AM 


\k  Florida.  It  rife«.iii  the  hig^  ':«nd«  near 
the  Cherukces, and  runs  throuj';  the  high 
eouRtry  of  the  Oakfuflcce  tribes  in  a  vrcf\- 
wardly  diredtinn,  and  is  full  of  rocks, falls 
iMtd  llioais,  until  it  reaches  the  Tucka- 
batches,  where  it  becomes  deep  and  qui- 
et ;  from  thonce  the  ccurfe  is  W  about 
.•JO  nillyesto  Little  Tallarir,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Coofa.  or  Coofa  Hatcha.  At 
Coolfomc,  near  Otufle,  a  Mufcogulge 
town,  this  river  i«  300  yards  broad,  and 
about  15  or  20  feet  deep.  The  water  t» 
dor  and  falubrious.  In  mod  mapfflk 
iht  lower  part  of  this  river  is  called  Oui- 
f,JkU. 

Tiiljjftr,  or  TiiUaffie,  a  CO.  confiding  of 
*  tra^  of  Und  bounded  by  E.  Florida  on 
the  S,' from  which  the  head  water  of  St. 
Mary's  river  partly  ieparates  it  ;  N  by 
Alatamaha  rivcp,  E  by  Glynn  and  Cam« 
den  tountic-s,  and  W  by  a  line  which  ex- 
rends  from  the  W  part  of  Ekanfanoka 
Swamp,  in  a  N  £  dirc£l:ion  iill  it  ftrikes 
the  Alatamaha  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Oakmuigec,  It  is  faid  that  the  (hte  of- 
Georgia  had  exdnguifhed  the  Indian 
claim  to  thiH  tra<5laf  land,  but  it  hasbcen' 
given  up  10  tlie  Indians  as  the  price  of 
peace ;  for  which  that  ftatc  makes  a  claim 
lopjTjo.ooo  with  intered,  fince  .'ic  treaty, 
upo«i  die  United  States; 

falajfte,  a  town  of  the  Upper  Creeks, 
in  the  MilTilIppi  territory,  on  the  S  fide 
of  Talaptwfec  river,  didant  aboui:  3  days 
journey  from  Apalachicola'  on  Cha'ta 
Uc)m  river.  It  it  alfo  called  Bi£  Talaf- 
iee.  * 

taHnft  IftanJ,  on  the  coad  of  Georgia, 
the  N  point  of  which  is  in  lat.  about  30' 
44  M,  where  St.  Mary's  river  empties  into 
the  ocean  bet  ween- this  illand  and  Amelia 
Idand  on  the  N. 

Talbot,  an  ifland  ton  the  coad  of  E.  Flor- 
ida.  T^e  faitds  at  the  entrance  of  NafTau 
lie  three  miles  oflTtheS  £  point  of  Amelia 
I.  and  from  the  N  £  point  of  Talbot  t. 

Talbot,  a  county  of  Maryland,  on  the 
E  fherc  of  Chcfapeak  bay,  bounded  E  by 
ChOptiink  liver,  which  divides  it  from 
Caroline  co.  and  8  by  the  fame  river, 
which  fcparatcs  it  from  DoK'cdcr.  It 
contains  1.1,436  inhabitants,  of  whom 
4775  are  flavcs.  The  foil  is  rich  and  fer- 
tile. 

Talca^uama,  a  cape  on  the  coad  bf  Chi- 
li, xi  leagues  N  E  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Ma- 
ry, amd-a  N  of  Port  St.  Vincent. 

Tafiajiwmu  Pvit,  is  9  miles  within  the 
sfbuve  point  of  its  name,  4nd  is  one  of 
twegobd  roads  in  the  bay-of  Goiiception. 


Thetow*  here  has  been  built  fiAce  the  city 
of  Concei>tion  was  deftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake in  1751,  whtehWBsr  « leagues  dif-' 
tant.  'J'he  town  ftands  on  the  river  Bio- 
bio,  and  contains  ie,GOO  inhabitants. 
Here  is  the  Epifcopal  cathedral',  the  feat 
of  the  Biihopi  and  all  the  religious  hotifex.' 
The  government  of  the  didri(Sfc  has  been 
wholly  military  and  cccleriaftiostl.  The 
cbuiKry  round  is  remarkaMy  healthy  and 
fertile;  yielding  60  f«kl.  Vaft  numbers  of 
cattle  aVe  annually  killed  for  their  hides 
and  tallow,  which  are  fcnt  to  Lima.  A- 
bout  zoo,oco  dollars  worth  of  gold  is  an- 
nually coUeffled  frogi  the  funds  of  the 
rivers  in  this  biflioprick.  The  Indians  of 
this  i«puntry  have  nuoicrouaJKrdt  of  cat- 
tle, and  plenty  of  horfts,  and  live  m^re 
like  the  'I'artars  bf  Afia.'thanthehivages 
of  N.  America.    See  ConuhtioH. 

Tailed  Point,  a  Ttidivk  for  anchoring  in 
the  harbour  of  Port  Royal,  on  the  S 
cu,<d  of  the  ifland  of 'Jani^ieU. 

Taho  Harboitr,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Eimeo,  in  the  ^.  Pacitic  Qcean.  S 
lat.  1 7  30,  W  Ion.  1  ja 

Tjimalejte,  aA  inland  city,  irt  the  prov- 
ince of  St.  Afartha,  on  the  cpiiA  of  Terra 
Firma.  It  is  fituated  on  the  banki>  of 
Magdaltna  river,  and  carries  on  a  trade 
on  tliat  river  f^om  New  Granada  to  Car- 
rhagensi,  from  whence  it  it  didant  above 
I  jo  miles. 

Tamar,  Ca/ie,  is  the  N  VT  point  of  a 
large  bay  and  harbour  oq  the  N  fliore  of 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  within  the  cape. 
The  S  £  point  of  the  bay  is  named  Prov- 
idence.   S  lat.  51  Jl,  W  loo.  75  40. 

Taaarika,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, about  34  utiles  in  length,  %  miles  Nof 
Pornovello,  and  has  a  harbour  and  good 
frefh  water.     S  lat.  7  56,  W  Ion.  35  5. 

Tamatamjue,  called  by  the  Spaniard!^, 
yUia  t/e  lilt  Fulmat,  a  to«rn  of  Santa  Mar- 
tha, in.  Terra  Finna,  S.  America  ;  on  the 
E  bank  of  Santa  Martha  civer,  ibout  l8 
miles  above  TeneriSe. 

Tamio  Land,  on  the  COktk  of  Peru,  ex- 
tends about  9  miles  from  Cape  Reniate  to 
Playa  de  los  Perdriees,  or  the  Partridge 
Strand,  about  9  miles.  There  is  clear 
and  good  anchorage  iipon  this  drand,  un- 
der a  row  of  high,  ridgy,  and  fandy  bills. 
On  making  them  from  the  fea,  they  re- 
femble  a  covey  of  partridges  jud  riling  ; 
hence  the  naihe  of  the  coad. 

Tamm.my's,  St.  a  village  on  Dan  river, 
in  Virginia,  15  miles  from  Gill's  Bridge,  7 
from  Mecklenburg,  court  houfe,  42  from 
Halifax  court  houU,  in  N>  Carolina,  398 

from 


TAP 


TAR 


from  Philadelphia,  and  336  from  Wifli- 
iiijjtun.     Here  is  a  po(V  office. 

Tammany,  Fort  St.  Of  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
mouth  of  St.  Mary*«  river,  on  the  S  line 
of  Georgia.     SecSt.,Mary^i. 

Tammatd  Piifba,'  a  low  ifland  of  the  N 
Pacific  Qceaiiji'Iald  to  be  near  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands.  ' 

Tampu  IJaniy  ocie.  of  the  fiiiall  iilets 
wliich  form  pArt  of  the  reef  on  the  E  fide 
of  Ulietea  I.  one  of  the  Society  Illandi. 

Tampa.     See  S^iriiu  Saato. 

TdMTv^r/i,  a  tow0flup  in  th;-  northern 
part  ofStrafTord  td,  ii.  HampOiire.  It 
contains  JsJ  inhahitiittt. 

Tantuiity  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
hai  a  good  road,  flieltered  by  the  faad* 
that  lie  oflT  within  3  miles  of  the  fhore, 
between  Point  Negro  and  Point  I^uena. 

Taaeytown,  a  fmall  jjoft  town  of  Mary- 
land, in  Frederick  co.  between  Piney  kim 
and  Pine  Creek,  on  which  are  a  number 
of  mills  and  fome  iron  works.  It  lies  37 
iniles  N^  by  E  of  Frederickftown,  and  71 
froin  Wadiirtgton. 

Tancla,  or  Tonela,  a  tradl:  of  (hore  oil 
the  W  coaft  of  Mexico,  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  conxmencing  near  the  Sugar  Loaf 
H>ll>  about  16  miles  within  the  land, 
bearing  N  £  and  S  W  with  the  burning 
mountain  of  Ijacatccolula  about  18  mites 
up  the  river  Limpa. 

Tangola,  an  ifland  in  the  N.  Pa(!if3c  O- 
cean,  and  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mexico  ; 
affording  good  anchorage  and  plenty  of 
wood  and  water.  It  is  about  60  miles  W 
of  Guatiniala. 

T.iHguey,  or  Tonpuey,  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili,  IP.  the  S.  Paciiic  Ocean,  in  30  miles 
from  Limari,  and  in  lat.  30  30  N. 

Tan/a,  a  braach  of  the  river  Mobile,  3 
IcHgues  below  the  Alabama  branch. 

T<i:»,  the  inoft  Coutherly.of  the  Friend- 
ly Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
about  10  leagues  in  circuit, and  fo  elevat- 
ed as  ;o  be  Teen  4t  the  diftance  of  12 
leagues. 

Tatiiiaj  an  ifTand  in  the  S.  Pacific  O- 
ccin,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands.  S  lat. 
14 .10,  W  Ion.  145  9. 

Tupanatepeque,  a  tuwn  of  Guaxaca,  nnd 
audience'of  Mexico.  It  ftaiuls  at  the  foot 
'of  the  mountains  Qnclenos,  at  the  bottom 
of  a  bay  in  the  S.  Sea;  rcprcfcnted'as  one 
the  pleafanteft  places  in  this  country,  and 
t\ii  b-ft  furnifhjd  with  flefh,  fowl  and 
^fli, being  contiguous  both  to  tht.  fea  and  a 
river,  amidft  rich  farms,  each  of  which 
being  ftoeked  with  batween  looo  and 
40OQ  bead  of  cattle.    Here  are  delightful 


walks  uf  orange,  lemon,  citron,  fig  and 
other  fruit  trees. 

Taparita,  a  long  ifland  on  the  \V  fide  of 
the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  All  Saints, 
In  Brazil.     See  Bahia. 

Tapayo,  a  town  of  S.  America,  on  the  S 
bank  of  Amazon  river,  eafterly  from  the 
mouth  of  Madeira  rivdr. 

Rappahannock,  a  pi)ft  town  and  port  of 
entry  o^  Virginta,  in  EiTex  co.  between 
DangerSeld  N,  and  Hofkin's  creek  S,  and 

Wo.  the  S  AV"  bank  of  Rappahannock  river, 
4.milcs  from  Richmond,  67  from  Wil- 
Ijamfburg, and  ii7  from  Waflungton.  It 
is  alfo  called /f'^^W //b/r ;  which  fee.  It 
is  laid  out  regularly,  on  a  rich  plain,  and 
contains  abuut  100  houfes,  an  epifcopal 
church,  a  court  houfe,  and  gaol ;  but  ii 
rather  unhealthy.  The  exports  for  one 
year,  ending  Sept  30,  1794,  amounted  to 
the  value  of  1^0,673  dollars. 

Tappan,  or  Oran^clotun,  a  town  of  N. 
York,  in  the  S  E  part  of  Oranire  co.  about 
4  miles  from  the  W  bank  of  HiidAm  riv- 
er, and  at  the  S  end  of  the  .Tappan  fea. 
Here  is  a  reformed  Proteftaiit  Dutch 
church..  Major  Andre,  adjutant  general 
to  the  Britifharmy  fuiTcred  here  as  a  fpy, 
b(£t.  3, 1 780 ;  having  been  taken  on  iiis 
way  to  N.  York,  after  coiiecrting  a  plan 
with  major  general  Aroold  for  the  deliv- 
ering up  Weft  Point  to  the  Britilli. 

Tappan  Sea,  or  B.iy,  a  dilatation  of  Ilud- 
fon  river,  oppofite  the  town  of  Tappan, 
and  35  miles  N  of  K.  York  city  ;  immedi- 
ately S  of  and  adjoining  Havtrftraw  Uay. 
It  is  10  miFcs  long  and  4  wide  ;  and  has  on 
tlie  N  fide  Gne  quarries  of  a  reddini  free 
(lone,  ufed  for  buildings  and  grave  ftonrs; 
which  arc  a  fource  of  great  wealth  to  tiic 
proprietors.     See  Steep  Rcclt. 

Tapuyes, or  Tupayos,  the  moft  conildera- 
ble  nation  of  the  native  BrasiiianK,  in  S, 
America,  that  have  not  yet  been  conquer- 
ed by  the  Pbrtuguefe  They  fpread  them- 
felvcH  a  great  way  inland  to  tlic  W,  and 
are  divided  into  a  nuniber  of  tribes  or 
cantons,  all  governed  by  their  own  kini^s. 
TuraLumary,  a  province  of  N.  Spain, 
1200  miles  from  the  c.ipital. 

Turborough,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Tar  River,  about  85 
iriirs  from  its  mouth,  140  f; oni  Ocrccoik 
Iiiltt,  no  N  by  E  of  I'ayettcviMe,  37  S  of 
Halifax,  iiz  S  by  W  of  Pelerlburg  in 
Virginia,  and  420  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  523  fouU,  a  court  houfc  and 
gaol.  Large  qtianiities  of  tobacco,  of  the 
Pcterfburg  quality,  pork,  beef,  and  Indian 
corn  are  collcdlcd,  here  for  ezportatiou. 

Tarija^ 


nil 'V' VI 


ym 


TAT 


TAU 


I'^rijiit  or  Chichat,  one  of  the  fourteen 
jurifditStipns,  belonging  to  the  archbidibp- 
ric  of  PUta, '  in  Peru.  It  lies  about  90 
miles  S  of  Plata,  and  its  greated  extent  be- 
ing about  105  miles.  .The  temperature 
of  the  air  is  various  ;  in  fome  parts  hot, 
and  in  others  cold  ;  ,fo  that  it  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  corn,  fruits  and  cattle.  This 
country  abounds  every  where  in  mines  of 
gold  and  (iiver  ;  but  efpecially  that  part 
called  Chocayas.  ^tween  thu  province 
an^the  country  inhabited  by  thewild'Ijtf^ 
dians,  runs  the  large  river  Tipuanys,  the 
f^nds  of  which  beipg  mixed  with  gold, 
are  wafhed^  in  order  to  feparate  the  grains 
Of  that  metal. 

'  Tar,  or  Pamliea  Hiver,  a  confiderable 
river  of  N.  Carolina,  which  purfues  a  S  E 
courfe,  and  palling  by  Walhingtou,  T"' 
Iwronnh  and  Grcenvi)le,  enters  Pamlico 
Sound  in  latl  35  21  N.'  it  is  navigable 
j  for  vcfleU  drawing  9  feet  water  to   the 

town  of  \Va{hington,  40  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  for  fcows  or  flats  carrying  30 
or  40  hhds.  50  miles  farther  to  the  toi|ri> 
pf  Tarborough.  Recording  tp  the  report 
of  a  committee,  appointed  by  the  legidar 
ture  of  N.  Carolina,  tp  inquire  into  f he 
pradlicability  of  improving  the  inlancj 
Navigation  of  the  State,  it  is  fuppofedthat 
this  river,  an^  Fifhy  Creek,  a  branch  of 
it, may  be  ma^e  iiaviga|>le  40  miles  al^ve 
Tarborough. 

Tarfaultn  Cove,  OP  the  coaft  of  MafTa- 
chufetts,  lies  about  3  leagues  N  N  W  of 
Holmes's  Hole,  in  Martha's  yiueyard.  It 
is  high  water  here,  at  full  and  .change,  % 
minutes  after  10  o'clock ,  5  fathoms 
water. 

TtirrytnvH,  a  coqfidcrable  village  {4 
the  tqwnfliip  of  Greenfburgh,  N.  yoxV,  on 
the  E  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  30  miles  N 
of  N.  York  ?ity.  poder  a  large  tree, 
which  is  fhewn  to  travellers  a»  they  pafs 
the  river,  is  the  l^ot  where  the  unfortu- 
nate M.ijor  Andre  was  taken  ;  yrho  was 
afterwards  executed  at  Tappan. 

tarfiovin.  See  livwi/burg,  I»ennfylya- 
nia. 

Tarie't  JlafiiJs,  La,  on  the  river  Ohio, 
40  miles  above  the  mquth  of  ^he  Great 
Kanhaway. 

Tatntageuehe,  a  place  in  Nova  Scqti^,  on 
a  (hort  bay  which  fets.up  foutherly  from 
the  Straits  of  Northuml^erland;  about  ajr 
miles  from  Onflow*,  and  sr  from  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  John's.  See  Southampton.  It 
lias  a  very  good  road  for  vrfTcIs,  and  is 
knowif  4ifo  under  the  names  Tatamas<"f 
aitu. 


r       -  ' 

'tai'naU,  a  new  county  in  Georgia, 
talnam  Cafit,  the  ealUrn  point  of  Haye's 
river,  ip  Hudfob^s  ^y.    N  lat.  5  7  35,  W 
Ion.  91  30. 

.  latoMtei,  an  inan4  ia  the  S.  Pacific  0- 
c'can,  one  of  the  Tngraham  lies,  called  by 
Capt.  Ingraham,iV««il/i(i,  and  bv  Captaiu 
Roberts,  Btah.    See  Tngraham  Jfl,s. 

'taumatot  an  ifland  about  1150  leagucf 
front  Mexico,  where  de  Q[uitos  (tayed  i  o 
days.  One  of  the  natives  named  above 
(^o  iflan^s  round  it.  Some  of  the  names 
follow,  viz.  Manicola,  Chicayno,  larger 
than  'Taiimacb,  apd  a^iout  300  miles  from 
it  ;  Guatopo,  ijp  miles  from  Taumaco; 
'I'ncopia,  at  100,  where  the  country  of 
Manicola  lay.  The  natives  had,  in  gen- 
eral, lank  hair  j  fonre  were  white,  with 
red  hair  ;  foroe  inulattpes,  with  curled 
hair ;  and  fome  woolly  like  negroes.  De 
Quiros  obferves  that  in  the  bay  of  Philip 
and  Ji^mes,  were  many  black  Itones,  very 
b^avy.fqmeof  which  he  carried  to  Me:i:- 
ico,  and  upon  aflUying  theqi,  they  found 

7(fiur/«i,  a  river  which  empties  intQ 
Narraganfet  Bay,  at  Tiverton,  oppolite 
the  N  end  of  Rhode  Ifiand.  It  is  formed 
by  fev<:ral  Oreams  ^hich  rife  in  Plymouth 
ca  Maflachufetts.  Its  courfe  is  about  50 
miliw  from  N  E  to  S  W,  and  it  is  naviga- 
ble forfmall  veflcls  to  Taunton.^ 

Taunton,  a  pod  town  of  Mafia  chufetts, 
Sind  the  capital  of  Bridol  co.  on  the  W  fide 
of  Taunton  river,  and  contains  40  or  50 
houfes,  compadlly  built,  a  church,  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  an  academy,  which  was 
iificor'po'rated  in  1 791.  It  is  36  miles  S  hy 
fe  of  Boflon,  ai  E  of  Providence,  a i  N  <-f 
Pcdfqrd,  aqd  46Q  from  Wufliington.  The 
townfliip  pf  Taunton  was  uken  fron;i 
Raynham,  and  incorporated  in  i639«  antl 
contain^  3860  inhabitants.  A  flitting 
jnill  was  eietfted  hjire  iii  1 776,  and  for  a 
cpnfiderabljp  time  the  only  one  in  MafTa- 
chufetts.and  ^  -^  thefli  the  heft  ever  built 
in  America.  e  annual  produtflinn  of 
3  mills  now  in  this'  tcwnfhip  is  not  lefs 
than  Sooltons  of  iron  ;  a^ut  jQtons  are 
cut,  and  30Q  hammered  into  nails,  and 
the  remainder  is  wrought  intp  fpadcs  and 
lliQVelr,  flifwljich  laft  article  400  dozen 
lire  rolled  annually.  Mr.  Samuel  Leon- 
ard rolled  the  firiH  ftiovel  ever  done  in  A- 
merica.  This  invention  reduces  the  price 
one  half.  Wire  drawing,  and  rolling  flieet 
iron  for  the  tinmanufai^re  are  executed 
here.  There  is  alfu  a  manufaAory  of  a 
fpecies  of  ochre,  found  here,  into  a  pig- 
ment of  a  dark  yellow  colQUr. 

Ittuitti/i 


TEL 


TE  h 


VauHtoH  Bay,  in  M»inf ,  Ib  6  milet  from 
Frenchman's  Bay. 

Tavernier  Key,  a  fmall  ille  one  of  the 
Tortiigas,  a  miles  from  the  S  W  end  of 
Key  Largo,  and  j  N  £  of  Old  Matacombc. 
}4  pf  this  lad  illand  is  a  very  good  road. 

'TaioaHdee  Creel,  in  Northumberland  co. 
PcDDrylvania,  rnn*  tl  E  into  the  £  branch 
of  Sufquchannab,  i%  oulei  S  £  of  Tioga 
Point. 

7awas,  an  Indian  tribe  In  (he  ft^te  of 
Ohio,  1 8  miles  up  the  Miami  of  the  liake. 
Anothir  tribe  of  this  name,  inhabit  high- 
er upthe  fame  river,  at  a  place  called  the 
Rapids. 

Tatvtxtiwi,  the  Englijb,  or  Piejue  Town, 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  is  fituated  on  the 
N  .W  bank  of  the  Great  Miami,  35  miles 
below  the  5  mile  portage,  to  the  Miami 
of  the  Lake,  and  68  S  W  by  S  of  Miami 
Fort,  It  was  taken  in  I7J3,  by  the  French. 
Nl3t.  4Q4i,'Wlon.  84  48. 

TazevieU,  a  po(t  town  in  Clairbourne 
CO.  Teneflee,  517  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Tazewell,  a  county  in  Virginia,  370 
miles  from  Wafhington.  Here  is  a  pod 
olfice  kept  at  the  court  houfe. 

Teaches,  a  fmall  ifland  clofe  to  the  £ 
Hiore  of  Northampton  co.  Virginia,  and 
N  by  E  of  Parramore  Ifland. 

Tecnnntepec,  a  large  bay  on  the  W  coaft 
of  N.  Mexico,  on  the  S  (ide  of  the  Iflhmus 
from  the  bay  or  Gulf  of  Campeacby,  in 
the  S  W  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  and 
bounded  W  by  Point  Angelos.  The  port 
town  of  its  name,  lies  in  lat.  15  iS  Ni  and 
Ion.  96  15   W. 

Teeonie  FalL,  are  in  Kennebeck  river,  |8 
Btilesabove  theflowingof  the  tide,6j  above 
the  mouth  of  the  river.  In  the  courfe  of 
26  rods  the  water  falls  20  feet  over  a  rag- 
ged bed  o*^  rock;,  400  feet  in  width.  At 
the  head  of  the  f^l's  an  iHand  of  folid  rock 
li^s  its  fummit,  waiting  to  receive  a  bridge, 
which  it  is  expf iSled  will  be  f redled  over 
the  river  in  this  place. 

Tebuaean,  a  city  of  N  Spain,  ^20  miles 
S  £  of  Mexico. 

Teky  Stutid,  on  the  coaft  of  Georgia,  S 
pf  Savannah  river,  is  a  capaciuUi  roasl, 
where  a  large  fleet  may  anchor  i  from 
xo  to  14  (athoms  water,  and  be  land-lock- 
ed, and  have  a  fafe  entrance  over  the  bar 
of  the  river.  The  flood  tide  is  generally 
7  feet. 

Ttliea,  a  burning  mountain  on  the  W 
coaft  of  N.  Mexico,  feen  at  N  N  E  over 
the  ridge  of  Tofta.  It  is  one  of  the  range 
Vf  volcanoes  wliich  are  feen  along  the 
•raft  Inv^  Fort  St.  John's  to  T«fa»Bt^  ^ 


peck,  and  i«  18  mi!c«  from  Volcano  rfel 
Vejo,  or  old  Man's  Burning  Mountain  \ 
and  there  are  two  others  between  tfitm, 
but  not  fo  eafily  dil'cerucd,as  they  do  not 
often  emit  fmoke. 

TtllUo  Block  Hovfe,  in  TcnnefTee,  cre«£l:"» 
ed  in  1794,  (lands  on  the  N  bank  of  Ten* 
neflee  river,  iramediate!y  oppofife  the  t«^ 
mains  of  Furt  Loudon  ;  and  is  computed 
to  be  900  miles,  according  to  the  courfe 
of  the  river  from  its  mouth,  and  J2  mil^ 
S^  KnoxviLe  in  Tcuucflee.  In  point  i^f 
tmiation,  it  is  much  admired.  A  gentleman 
of  great  tafte  and  fcience,  who  had  ft  en 
much  of  Europe,  and  America  general! yv 
exclaimed*  upon  casing  his  eye  fiom  it  Rp 
the  river,  to  the  eaft,  '*  What  a  fccne  fdr 
the  exerciie  of  the  geniits  of  a  hmdiicape 
painter! "  Upon  this  view  you  Heboid  the 
Tenneflee  for  feveral  miles  delccnding 
from  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  At  abuuc 
(ix  miles  the  eye  is  intercepted  by  the 
Chilhowee  mountain,  extending  from  N 
E  to  S  W  ;  and  further  to  the  E  you  be- 
hold mountain  rifmg  above  raminrain  to 
a  great  height,  in  fucuner  clothed  in  rich, 
verdure,  and  in  winter  covered  with  fnow. 
To  the  S  looking  acrofs  the  river  «n^ 
over  looking  the  remains  of  Fort  Loudon, 
is  a  very  exteuiive  plain,  forming  a  very 
pleaftng  contrad  witn  the  mountains,  in 
which  are  a  number  nf  the  Cherokee 
towns,  at  prefeiit  inhabited,  and  the  rt- 
mains  of  majy  others,  which  have  been 
dcftroycd  by  the  white  people  fince  the 
year  1776.  To  the  W  the  eye  is  again 
delighted  with  a  view,  for  mile.i.down 
the  river,  and  the  remaini  of  feveral 
large  Indian  towns.  From  the  N 
comes  Nineenile  Creek,  through  a  rich 
tiadb  of  country,  and  empties  into  the 
Tenneflee  one  hundred  paces  above  the 
block  houfe.  As  a  military  poft,  it  ha« 
been  the  comer  ftone  of  the  prefent  peace 
with  the  Chcrokees,  and  creeks  too,  fo 
far  as  refpcdts  this  country;  and  as  a 
trading  poft,  it  will  very  mpch  contribute 
to  the  prefervaiion  of  peace  with  thofe 
two  nations. 

Telligue,  Great,  m  Teneflee,  was  on  the 
£  Ade  pf  the  Cbot*  branch  of  Teneflee 
river,  about  25  miles  N  £  of  the  mouth 
of  Holfton  river,  and  5  S  of  th-  line  which 
marked  Lord  Granville's  limits  of  Caroll-. 
na.  This  was  a  Britifli  faSory,  eftablilTi. 
ed  after  the  treaty  of  Weflminfler,  }»» 
17«9- 

TtUigwo  MeuHtaht,  lie  8  of  the  al)o\'e 
place,  and  (eeqi  to  )»e  part  of  nbat  are 


la 

it.  11 


^!l' 


m 


TEN 


TEN 


BOW  called  the  Great  Iron  MountaiiM,  in 
the  lateft  maps. 

funplt,  a  place  in  N^w  Qaiicia,  200 
kague*  N  W  of  the  city  of  Mexica 

Temple,  A  towntTiip  of  N.  Mampfliire, 
HlUibiirough  co.  N  of  New  Ipfwich,  and 
70  miles  W  uf  PortTmouth.  Jt  was  incor- 
porated in  i  768,  and  contains  867  inhab- 
lUtatt.    . 

ttmple,  a  town  in  Kcnnebeck  co  on  the 
W  fido  of  the  river,  incorporated  in 
1803. 

Tempi*  Bay,  on  the  Labrador  coa(l,lp> 
pofite  Belle  Ilie.  A  Britifli  fettlement  of 
tUis  n^me  was  deftroyed  by  the  French, 
ia  Odkubcr,  1796. 

■  TempletoHf  a  pod  town  in  the  N  W  part 
of  Worccder  co.  Manaclmfetts,  contain- 
ing X068  inhabitants.  It  was  granted  as 
a  bounty  to  the  foldicrs  in  king  Philip's 
war,  and  was  called  Narraganfet  No.  6, 
until  its  incorporation  in  1763.  It  is  63 
miles  W  bv  N  W  of  Bofton,  28  N  by  W 
of  Worceuer,  and  471  from  Wafliington. 

Tend'i  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
WM  difcovered  ia  1790,  by  Lieut.  Ball, 
and  lies  is  lat.  1  39  S,  and  Ion.  151  31  W. 
^t  is  low,  and  only  about  %  miles  in  circuit, 
but  is  entirely  covered  with  trees,  includ- 
ing many  of  the  cocoa  nut  kind.  It 
abnudds  with  inhabitant!^,  and  the  men 
appear  to  be  remarkably  (lout  and  healthy. 

Tineriffe,  a  town  uf  Santa  Martha  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  fituated  on 
tlic  eanern  bank  of  the  great  river  S^nta 
Martha,  below  its  confluence  with  Mada- 
lena,  about  135  miles  from  the  city  of  San- 
ta Martha,  towards  the  S,  the  road  from 
y  '  h  capital  to  Tcnerifiie  is  very  difficult 
ib>j .  land,  but  one  may  go  v^ry  eaGly  and 
agreealily  from  one  to  the  other  partly 
by  fea,  and  partly  by  the  abovementioned 
nver. 

Ttnnanft  Harbtur,  on  the  coaft  of  Maine, 
lies  about  3  leagues  from  George's  Iflands. 

Teifjee,  the  moft  cottftderable  Ridge  of 
the  Cumberland  Mountain.  It  feparates 
the  waters  of  the  Tencflec  and  Cumber- 
land Rivers.  In  Come  parts  it  rifes  into 
abrupt  hills,  but  ^  others  it  admits  of  good 
roads. 

Tenrjfee,  a  navigable  river  of  the  State 
of  Tcneflce,  called  by  the  French  Cherokee, 
and  abfui  dly  by  others,  Hogohegee  river, 
is  the  largeit  branch  of  the  Ohio.  It  rif- 
ts in  the  mountains  of  Virginia  in  about 
lat.  37,  and  purfues  a  courfe  of  about 
1000  miles,  S  andS  W  nearly  to  lat.  34, 
receiving  from  both  fides  a  number  of 
large  tributary  ftream     It  then  wheels 


abarut  to  the  N  in  aciicultous  courfe,  and 
mingles  with  the  Ohio,  nearly  60  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  'u  navigable  for  vef- 
fels  of  great  burden  to  the  Mufcle  ShoiUt, 
250  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  there 
about  3  miles  broad,  full  of  fmall  ifle;, 
and  only  paflable  in  fmall  boats  or  ba(- 
teaux.  The  navigation  here  may  be  niuch 
improved  the  bottom  being  loofe  floses 
eaiily  removed.  From  thefe  (hoals  to  the 
lVl>irl,or  Suci,  the  place  where  thie  river 
is  contra(fled  to  the  breadth  of  70  yards^ 
and  breaks  through  the  Great  Ridge,  or 
Ciiniberland  Mountain,  is  250  miles,  and 
the  navigation  for  large  boats  all  the  way 
excellent.  Boats  eafily  afctnd  the  fFbirl 
being  towed.  The  highcft  point  of  nav- 
igation upon  this  river  is  Tellico  Block 
Houfe,  900  miles  froni  its  mouth  accord- 
ing to  its  meanders.  It  receives  Holfton 
river  22  miles  below  Knoxville,  and  then 
running  W  15  miles,  receives  the  Clinch. 
The  other  waters  which  empty  into  Ten- 
cfTee,  are  Duck  and  Elk  rivers,  and  Crow 
Creek,  on  the  one  fide ;  and  the  Occachap- 
po,  Chickanuuga  and  HiwafTee  rivers  on 
the  S  and  S  £  fides.  In  the  Teneflee  and 
its  upiier  branches  are  great  numbers  of 
fifli,  fome  of  \/hich  are  very  large  and  of 
an  excellent  flavour.  The  river  to  which 
the  name  TenelTce  was  formerly  confined, 
is  that  part  of  it  which  runs  N,  and  re- 
ceives Hoi  (Ion  river  20  miles  below  Knox- 
ville. The  Coyeta,  Chota,  and  Chilha- 
wee  Indian  towns  are  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  river ;  and  the  TallalTe  town  on  the 
Efide. 

Tfnncjie,  onc  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  and,  until  i796,called  the  Tennef- 
fee  Government,  or  Territory  of  the  United 
Statet,  South  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  in  length  400 
miles,  and  in  breadth  104;  between  lat. 
35  and  36  30  N,  and  Ion.  8z  28  and  91 
38  W.  It  is  boumded  N  by  Kentucky 
and  part  of  Virginia  ;  £  by  N-  Carolina ; 
S  by  the  Miflifippi  Terntory,  W  by  the 
Mithfippi.  It  isdivided  into  3  diftriiTts 
Wafhington,  Hamilton,  and   Merp, 


VIZ. 


which  are  fubdivided  into  22  counties, 
viz.  Wafliington,  !>ullivan,  Gretnc,  Carter, 
Hawkins,  Knox,  JefTerfon,  Cocke,  Sevier, 
Blount,  Grainger,  Auderfon,  Claiborne, 
Roane,  Davidlon,  Sumner,  Robertfon, 
Montgomery,  Wiiliamfon,  Wilfon,  Smith,  1 
and  Jackfon.  The  firft  j  belong  to  Wafli- 
ington diflridl,  the  next  9  to  that  of  Ha:n- 
ilton,  and  the  8  latter  to  Mero  diftridl  i 
The  two  former  diHricfts  are  divided  Irom 
the  latter,  by  an  uninhabited  country  of 
Dule*  in  extent ;  that    is,  from  th;  I 

bloclc 


P9i 


TEN 


T  EV 


iirfe,  and 
60  miles 
e  for  vef- 
:le    Sboiiit, 
t  is  there 
mall  ides 
s  or  bat- 
be  much 
lofe  ftuBe* 
oals  to  the 
thie  rivpr 
70  yards: 
Ridge,  or 
milpB,  and 
ill  the  way 
the  trblrl 
int  of  nav- 
llico  Block 
ith  accord- 
res  Holftoti 
B,  and  then 
thje  Clinch. 
y  into  Ten- 
,  and  Crow 
2  Occachap- 
;e  rivers  on 
'enelTee  and 
numbers  of 
large  and  of 
rer  to  which 
ly  confined, 
N,  andre- 
lelow  Knox- 
ind  Chilha- 
ieWfide  of 
town  on  the 


block  houfes,  at  the  point  formed  by  the 
junftion  of  the  Clinch  with  the  Tenacffec, 
called  S.  W.  Point,  to  Fort  Blounc  upon 
Cumberland  R.  through  which  there  i»  a 
waggon   road,  opened  in  the  fummer  of 
1795,  and  now  kept  inrcpairby  a  turnpike 
company.    There  arc   few  countries   i"o 
well  watered  with  rivets  and  creeks.   The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Miflifippi,  Tcn- 
nelTee,  Cumberland,  Hoilton,  and  Clinch. 
The  tra>a  caliird  the  broken  Ground,  itnds 
immmediartiy   into   the    MifTifippi,   the 
Wolf,   Hatch^-e,    Forked  Deer,  Obian  or 
Obean, and  Rtxifoot  ;  which  are  from  30 
to  80  yards  wide  at  their  mouths;  mo(t 
of  the  rivers   have  exceedingly   rich  low 
groundi,  at  the  extremity  of  which  is  a 
itcond  bank,  as  on  moft  of  the   lands  of 
the  Mifnfippi.     Befidc  thcfe  rivers,  there 
are  fcvcral  fmallei  ones,  and  innumerable 
cfeeks,  fome  of  whi^h  arc  navigabh-.     In 
(hart, there  is  hardly  al'pot  in  this  couniry, 
v»liieh  is  more  ihanao  miles  from  anaviga- 
Meftream.  Thcchicf  mountains  arc  St9ne, 
Yellow,  Iron,  Bald,  and  Unaka,  adjoirtint; 
\6  one  another,  from  the  eaftern  boundary 
of  the  ft.itc,  and  fcparate  it  from  N.  Car- 
olina; their  diretStion  is  nearly  from  N  E 
to  S  W.    The  otiier  mountains  arc  Clinch 
and  Cumberland.     It  would  require  a  vol- 
ume to  defcribe   the  mountains  of  tliis 
l^late,  above  half  of  which  is  covered  with 
tliore  tfiat  are   uninhabitable.    Some  of 
thereniuantains,particularly  the  Cumber- 
land or  Oreat  Laurel  Ridge,  are  the  mod 
(lupendous  piles   in  the    United   States. 
They    abound    with  ginTcng    and    coal. 
Their  caverns  and  cafcadcs  are  innumer- 
Me.     The    Enchanted  Mountain,  about  2 
miles  S  of  Brafs  Town,  is  famed  for  the 
curiofities  on  its  rocks.    There  are  on 
feveral  rocks  a  number  of  impreffions  re- 
fembling   the    tracks    of  rurkies,  bears, 
horfps,  and  human  beings,  as  vifiblc  and, 
pcrfe<!i  as  they  could  be  made  on  (how  or 
I  fand.  The,  latter  were  remarkable  fur  hav- 
ing 6  toes  each ;  one  only  excepted,  which 
appeared  to  be  the  print  of  a  negro's  foot. 
By  thi$  we  mod  fuppofe  the  originals  to 
have  been  the  progeny  of  Titan  or  Anak. 
■  One  ofthefc  tracks  was  very  large,  the 
iUngth  of  the  foot  16  inches,  the  diAance 
{of  the  extremes  of  the  outer  toes  13  inches, 
I  the  proximate  breadth  behind  the  toes  7 
linches,  the  diameter  of  the  heel  ball  5. 
lOne  of  the  horfe  tracks  was  like^vife  of 
Ian  uncommon  fizc,  the  tranfvcrfe  and  con- 
jjugate  diameters,  were  8  by  10  inches  ; 
jperhaps  the  horfe  which  the  Great  War- 
|rior  rode.    What  appears  the  mod  in  fa- 


vour of  their  hein;;  the  real  tracks  of  the 
animals  they  repreientjis  thecircumftance 
of  a  horfe's  foot  having  apporently  flip- 
ped feveral  inches,  arnd  recovered  ugan, 
and  the  figures  having  alllhe  fame  direc- 
tion, hke  the  trail  of  a  ccmpany  on   a 
journey.     If  it  be  a  lufut  tiatura,  fl'.c  r.evtr 
fportcd  more  ferioufly.    If  the  operation 
of  chance,  perhaps  there  was  never  mt)re 
apparent  defign.     If  it  were  done  by  arr, 
it   might  be    to  perpetuate  the  ren-retn- 
branceof  fome  rem^irkabie  event  of  war, 
oi^g-.igemenr  fought  on  the  ground.  'J  he 
vafl  heaps  of  flones  near  the  place,  laid  to 
be  tombs  of  M-arriors  flaih  in  liaitle,  iVcm* 
to  favour  the  fuppofiiior.     1  he  tt  xttirc  of 
the  rocks  is  foU.     Ti)e  part  rn  which  tlic 
fun  had  the  greateft  influence,  and  wliich 
was  the  nuifl  induriued,  could  mfilv  bi  rut 
wtth  a  knife,  and  appeared  to  lie  ol  tiu  na« 
ture  of  the  pipe  ftonc.     Stimc  of  the  Chrr- 
ukces  entertain  an  opinion  that  it  alvays 
rains  when  any  perlbn  vifits  the  place,  as 
if  fympathctic  nature  wept  at  the  recoU 
ledlioii  of  the  dreadful  cat^drophc  which 
thofe  figures  were  intended  to  ctimmem- 
orate.  The  principal  towns  .ire  Knoxville, 
the  feat  of   government,  Nafliville,  and 
Jonefborough,  belide  8  other  towns,  which 
are  as  yet  of  little  importance.     In  1791, 
the  number  of  inhabitants  Was   edimated 
3'   35><^9^'      In   November,    1795,    the 
number  had  increafed  to  77,262  perfons. 
In  1800  there  were   105,602  inhabitants, 
of  whom  13,584  were  flaves.    Theibili* 
luxuriant,  and  will  afford  every  produc 
tion,  the  growth  of  any  of  the  United 
States.  The  ufual  crop  of  cotton  is  Scclbs, 
to  the  acre,  of  a  long  and  fine  daple  ;  and 
of  corn  frixn  60  to  80,  and  fomethncs  lod 
buflicls.    It  is  alTertcd,  however,  that  the 
lands  on  the  IVnall  rivers,  that  empty  into 
the  MiiTiIippi,  have  a  decided  preference 
to  thofe  on  Cumberland  river,  fur  the  pro- 
duction of  cotton,  rice,  and  indigo.     Of 
trees,  the  general  growth  is  poplar,  hick- 
cry,  black  and  white  watnut,  all  khids  of 
oalu,  buckeye,  beech,  fycamore,  black  and 
honey   locuft,  alh,  hornbeam,  elm,  mni« 
berry,  cherry,  dogwood,  faflafVas,  poppaw^ 
cucumber  tree,  and  the  fngar  tree.    The 
undergrowth,  efpecially  on  low  lands,  is 
cane  ;  fon^e  cf  which  are  upwards  of  -30 
feet  high,  and  fo  thick  as  to  prevent  any 
other  plaikt  from  growing.     Of    faerbt, 
roots,  and  dirubs,  there  are  Virginia  and 
Seneca  fnakeroot,  ginfeng,  angelica,  fpice 
wood,  wild  plum,  crab  apple,  fweet  anntfr« 
red  bud,  ginger,  fpikcnard,  wild  hop  and 
grape  vines.    The  glade*  are  covered  with 

vrild 


,(.  , 


%*tld  TJ9,  wild  oatt,  clover,  buff!Uoe,  grais, 
ftrawueaics  and  pea  vines.  On  the  hitlt 
at  the  head  of  rivcrt,  and  ia  fame  high 
cliffi  of  Cumberlaadt  are  found  majeftic 
red  cedars  ;  many  uf  th«fi>  ar«  4  feet  in 
<iiame!er,  and  40  fuct  dear  of  limbs.  Tha 
animal*  are  fuch  a»  are  found  in  tlie  nei^iio 
bouriag  States.  The  rivers  an:  well  ftoclc 
«d  wifh  all  luads  of  frclh  water  fifh  ;  a- 
mong  which  arc  trout,  perch,  cat  fiH^,  buf' 
faluetifli,  red  horle,  eeU,  &c.  Some  cat 
liih  have  been  caught  which  weighed  up- 
wards of  100  pouudi :  the  wcfteru  vvat^s 
being  more  clear  ^iid  pure  than  the  eadern 
rivers,  the  fifh  are  in  the  lame  degree  more 
firm  and  favoury  to  the  tafte.  lu  1799,  a 
iifh  was  caught  in  the  Holfton,  a  few  miles 
below  Kaoxvillc,  about  6  feet  lung,  the 
fcales  of  which  were  large,  and  thickfct, 
and  gave  Are  by  coliiAjit  with  a  fllut,  like 
ilcel.  The  climate  is  ttmperate  and 
hcaithrul;  the  fumnters  arc  very  cool  <ind 
pieafant  iu  that  part  which  is  contiguous 
to  the  mouutaius  that  divide  this  State 
from  N.  Carolina  ;  but  on  the  wederu 
iidc  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain  the 
heat  is  more  iutenf«,  r/hich  readers  that 
part  belter  calculated  for  the  produ«Stioii 
of  tobacco,  cotton  and  indigo.  Lime  (lone 
IS  common  on  both  fiJcs  of  Cumberland 
!^ountaJin.  There  are  nd  flagnant  wu  ters ; 
a,nd  this  is  certainly  oue  of'tlie  reafuns 
why  the  inluibitants  are  not  alllided  with 
thofe  bilUous  and  intermitting  fevers, 
^hicb  are  fo  frequent,  and  often  fatal, 
near  the  fame  latitude  on  the  coad  of  the 
fouthern  States.  Whatever  may  be  the 
caufesitbe  inhabitants  have  been  rcniarka- 
tily  healthy  fincethey  fettled  on  the  waters 
•(T  Cumbefland  jEL  The  country  abounds 
with  mineral  fprings.  Salt  licks  are  found 
ia  many  parts  of  the  country.  [See  Cami" 
iflPs  Salijus.]  Iron  ore  abounds  in  the  dif- 
tri^  of  WaChington  and  Hamilton,  and 
ine  (breams  to  put  iron  works  iu  opera- 
tion. Iron  ore  was  lately  difcovered,  upon 
tb«  S  of  Cumberland  river,  about  30  miles  ; 
Itelow  N^Chville,  and  a  furnace  is  noiV  i 
•rcdUiig.  ,  There  is  a  bloomfiiyi  furnace, 
iUidA  forgM  in  Robertfon  co.  Several 
Ifi^i^  mines  have  been  difcovered,  and  one 
•D  French  Broad  has  been  worked ;  the 
•r«  produced  75  per  cent,  in  pure  lead. 
"X^ut  Inidians  lay  that  there  are  ricli  iilvcr 
■li^M  ii^  Cumberland  Mountain,  bot  can- 
ipotbe  tempted  to  difcoyer  any  of  them 
io  the  white  people.  It  is  ^aid  that  gold 
has  been  found  here ;  but  the  mine  from 
Vvihich  that  metal  was  extradedis  now  un- 
koDWC  to  (he  white  people.    Orci  aiid 


T  EN 

Iprinss  ftrongly  impregnated  with  fulpUur 
are   found  iu   various   parts.      Saltpetre 
caves  arc  numerous  ;  and  iu  the  coura'  (;f 
tite  year  1796,  feveral  tot\»  of  faltpetiu 
were  fent  to  the  Atlanitc  markctt.    Tliii 
country  furulfhcs  all  tlxe  valuable  articles 
of  the  fouthern  ^tutes.    Fiue  waggon  and 
faddle  horfcs,  beef  cattle,  gimeug,  dcir 
Ikins  and  furs,  cotton  in  great  quantltiet, 
hemp,  and  flax,  mav  be  tranfpurted  by 
1  and ;  alfo  iron,  lumber,  pork  and   flour 
may  be  exported  in  great  ijuantities,  now 
that  the  navigation  of  the   Millifippi   is 
opened  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
In  1801,  the  exports  of  this  State,  the  N 
W. Territory  and  MilUlippi,  amounted  ta 
443,955  dolls.    The  Prelbyterians  are  tlis 
prevailing  denomination  of  ChriAians ;  in 
1788,  they   hud  aj  large  congregations, 
who  were  then  fuppUed  by  only  6  minif« 
ters.     I'herc  are  alfo  fome  Baptifts  and 
Methodids.    The  inhabitants  have  paid 
gre.it  attention  to  the  intcrcds  offciencc; 
befide  private  fchoob,  there  are  3  colleges 
edabliflied  by  law  ;  Greenville  in  Green'i 
CO.  Blount  at  Knoxville,  and  Wafliingtoa 
in  the  county  of  that  name.    The  college 
in  Green's  county  is  nouriHiing  under  the 
direction  of  a   Prefident  and  Vice  Pref^ 
idcnt.      [See  Greenville.']   Here  is  likewife 
a"  Society  for  promoting  Ufeful  Knowl- 
edge."     A  tafte  for  literature  is  daily  in- 
creating.      The  inhabitants  chiefly  emi- 
grated.from  Pennfylvaiiia,  and  that  part  of 
Virginia  that  lies  W  of  the  B!ac  Ridge. 
The  anceftors  of  thefe  people  were  gener- 
ally^ of  the  Scotch  nation  ;  fome  of  whom 
emigrated  firft  to  Ircbud,  and  from  thence 
to  America.       A  few  Germans   and  Eu- 
glifh  are  intermixed.     In  1788,  it  wai 
thought  there  were  ao  white  perfons  to  i 
negro ;  and  the  difproportion  is  thought 
to  oe  far  greater  now.    This  country  wai 
included  b  the  sd  charter  of  king  Chariot 
n.  to  the  proprietors  of  Carolina.      In  a 
fubfequent  divifion,  it  made  a  part  of  N. 
Carolina.      It  was  explored  about  the 
year  1 745,  and  fettled  by  about,  50  fami- 
lies in  1754  ;  who  were  foon  after  drirea 
off  or  deftroyed  by  the  Indians.      Its  fct- 
tlemcnt  recommenced  in  1765.       Th« 
firft  permanent  fcttlement  took  place  near 
Long  Ifland  of  Holfton,  and  upon  Watau- 
ga, about  1774  ;  and  the  firft  appearance 
of  any  perfons  from  it,  in  the  public  coun- 
cils of  N.  Carolina,  was  in  the  convention 
of  that  State  in  1776.      In  the  year  1780, 
a  party  of  about  40  families,  under  the 
guidance  and  dire(^ion  of  James  Robert- 
fo8,  C^^ucc  Brig.  Gen.  Robertfon,  of  Mersi 

dilUiil 


Icaft  30c 

there  fdi 

neighboi 

State  of 

thcnl,  wd 

the  year 

ofJ^r.Cai 

ternipted 

land;  bu 

retufne<l 

N.  CaroIIi 

United  St 

Congrefs 

A  conveni 

1796.  and 

tion  of  tl 

ed  bjr  ev«r 

proniife  to 

Parity  of  tl 

within  and 

are  the  Ch( 

Tenefte  A 

which  di  vit 
ej"  from  thoi 
•ng  from  C 
fiver  Ohio,  i 
nteafured  b 
fembles  the 
general  bear 
way,  is  wdh 
'y-    It  %( 
nouatain,  f 
Nafhville,  it 
though  mucli 
more  abrupt 
points  one  n 
country.     A 
tinually,  ril)8 
of  compafs,  ai 
"diandrplitr" 
the  heads  of 
prigin  to  ftrea 
»g   together 
"purs  or  ribs 
and  rivers. 
^  TV^S/aw,  a  fe 
inhabited  in 
lies.    See  Ta, 

Tctwtmjla  C_ 
raiJes,  then  we 
|ntb  Alleghanj 
>f'  mouth,  an< 
<"7  town. 
"^efttifa.  In  A 
fequaJQ,  or  '. 
«>;  in   about 
'ages. 

J?""^",  IS  lea 


a 


1 


tEQ 


;h  fulpUur 
Saltpetre 

i  cuuri'cof 

■  faltpctie 

,etk.    'll>i» 

i)l«  articUt 

raggon  and 

leiig,  deer 

quantities, 

fportcd  by 
and   flour 

titios,  now 

[ilUfippi   i» 

jitcd  State*. 

ate,  the  N 

mounted  ta 

ians  are  the 

iriilians;  in 

ngregatJous, 

inly  6  roinif" 

Baptift*  and 

»  have  paid 

soffcience; 

ire  3  CoUcgci 

le  in  Green's 
Wafliingtoa 
The  college 

ig  under  the 

device  Pref. 

re  Is  likewife 

ffeful  Knowl- 

:e  is  daily  in- 
chiefly  emi- 

d  that  part  of 
Blue  Ridge. 

e  were  gener- 
)me  of  whom 
1  from  thence 
ans  and  Eu- 
1788,  it  wai 
•  perfonstoi 
on  i»  thouglit 
country  waj 
i  tung  Charlci 
iTolina-      li>  * 
e  a  part  of  N. 
;d  about  the 
jout.  50  fami- 
n  after  drlvea  | 
ian».      lt«  fc'- 
1765.      '"'i 
Dolc  place  near 
upon  Watau- 1 
rft  appearance  I 
le  public  coun- 1 
he  convention  I 
he  year  i7?^il 
ies,  under  the! 
ames  Robcrt-I 
rtfon,of  Mewl 
4t[Ut<ll 


dl<lii(!!k)  pafled  through  a  wildernaf*  of  at 
leall  300  niiles  to  the  French  Lick,  and 
there  founded  Nafliville.  Their  nelreft 
neighbours  were  the  fettlers  of  the  Infant 
State  of  Kentucky,  between  whom  and 
thcni,  wiU  A  wildernefsi  of  200  miles.  From 
the  yc:ir  1784,  to  1788,  the  government 
of  N.  Carolina  over  thi^i  country  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  aiTumcd  State  of  Frank- 
land;  but  m  the  ye'<iri739,  thb  people 
retufne<l  to  their  allegiance.  In  1789, 
N.  Carolina  ceded  this  territory  to  the 
United  States,  on  certain  cohditiona,  and 
Cougrcr>>  provided  fdr  hi  government* 
A  convention  was  held  at  Ruoxville,  in 
1 796,  and  on  the  6th  of  Feb.  the  conftitu- 
tion  of  the  State  of  TcnncfTec  was  fign- 
«d  by  cv<ry  member  of  it.  Its  prlncifuefs 
proniife  to  eufure  the  happinefs  and  prof- 
parity  of  the  people.  The  Indian  tribes 
within  and  in  the  vicinity  of  this  State 
are  the  Cherokees  and  Chickafaws. 

Tenejie  Riiige,  the  height  is  fo  •  c:all(5d, 
which  divides  the  waters  of  Teneflee  riv- 
er from  thofe  of  the  Cumberland,  extend- 
ing from  Cumberland  mountain  to  the 
river  Ohio,  a  courfe  of  nearly  .;oo  miles.  If 
meafured  by  its  meanders  in  which  it  re- 
fembles  the  mod  Terpentine  river.  Its 
general  bearing,  for  the  firfl  half  of  the 
way,  is  wdhvardly,  and  then  north  wefter- 
ly.  It  /lopes  away  from  Cumberland 
mountain,  fo  that  in  the  meridian  of 
Mafhville,  it  is  only  a  gradual!  fwell ; 
though  milchofit  farther  Wis  liigherand 
more  abrupt.  From  fome  of  its  higheft 
points  one  may  overlook  a  vaft  extent  of 
country.  As  it  fliifts  its  dirc(ftion  con* 
tinuaOy,  ril»  extend  from  it  in  all  points 
of  compafs,  Md  thefe  again  are  fubdivid- 
ed,and  fpllt  into  ftill  farther  ramifications, 
the  heads  of  the  different  hollows  giving 
orl^'n  to  dreams  of  water,  wljich,  coUctSt- 
bg  together  round  the  points  of  the 
fpurs  or  ribs  of  the  ridges,  form  creeks 
and  rivers. 

Tenfavot  a  fettlcment  near  Mobile  Bay, 
inhabited  in  1787  by  90  American  fami- 
lies.    See  Taenfa. 

Tawenifta  Crtei,  runs  foutherly  about  a8 
miles,  then  weflerly  6  miles,  and  empties 
into  Alleghany  river  about  18  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  nearly  j  below  the  Hick- 
ory town. 
Tefeafa,  in  Mexico.  See  Angilot. 
Tejyajo,  or  Tijuas,  a  province  of  Mexi- 

ico;  in    about  lat.  37,  where  are  16  vil- 

I  lages. 

I'yutfa,  a  part  of  the  coaft  of  New 

(Mexico,  i8  leagues  N  W  of  Acapuleo. 
Vol.1.  ■    r     ffjf 


Tequety  S,iy,  on  the  S  B  part  of  th* 
coaft  of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  between  Capt 
Cruiz,  and  Cape  Maizi,  at  the  £  end.  It 
affords  good  anchorage  and  (hcltcr  foi' 
flilp$,but  is  not  much  frequented. 

Termlna,  Lagu'iu,  or  Laic  of  TiJa,  lie* 
at  the  bottom  of  the  CJiilf  of  Campeachy, 
in  the  S  W  part  Ot  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
It  is  within  Tricftc  and  Beef  Illand,  and 
Port  Rbyal  Iflaud.  The  tide  runs  very 
hard  in,  at  moll  of  the  channeb  betwcca  ' 
the  Ifladds  ;  hence  the  name. 
*  Terra  Blanca,  in  Mexico.      See  ^/igtiot. 

Ttrra  de  Latratan,  or  the  Plauglmani 
Land,  the  name  given  by  the  Spaniards  to 
Labrador,  inhabited  by  the  Efquimaux. 

Terra  dtl  Fuego  JJIand,  or  Land  </ Fire,  at  ' 
the  3  extremity  of  S.  America,  id  Separated 
from  the  mjdn  on  the  N  by  thi  Scraits  of 
Magellan,  and  contains  aboiit  42,000 
fq[uare  miles.  This  is  the  larked  of  the 
Ifladds  3  of  the  Straits,  and  they  receive 
this  name  on  account  of  the  vaft  fires  and 
fmoke  which  the  tirlt  difcovcrers  of  them 
perceived.  The  ifland  of  Staten  Land  ~ 
lies  on  the  £.  They  are  all  barren  and 
mountainous  ;  but  there  have  been  found 
feveral  forts  of  trees  and  plants,  and  a  va' 
riety  of  birds  on  the  lower  grounds  and 
iflands  that  aref  flickered  by  the  hills. 
Here  are  found  winter's  bark,  and  a  foe* 
cies  of  arbntns  which  has  a  very  well  tail- 
ed red  fruit  of  the  fize  of  fmalt  cherries. 
Plenty  ofcelleryis  found  in  fome  places, 
and  the  rocks  are  covered  with  very  fine 
mufcles.  A  fpccics  of  duck  as  large  as  a  * 
goofe,  and  called  the  loggerhead  duck  at 
the  Falkland  lllands,  is  here  met  with, 
vhich  belts  the  water  with  its  wings  and 
teet,  and  run?  along  the  fea  with  incon- 
ceivable velocity  ;  and  there  arc  alfo 
geefe  and  falcons. 

Terra  Firma,  or  CaJlUt  del  Oro,  the  moft 
northern  province  cfS.  America,  1400 
miles  in  length,  and  700  in  breadth  ;  llt- 
uatcd  between  the  equator  and  i »  N  lat. 
and  between  60  and  82  W  Ion.  bounded 
N  by  the  N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  here  called 
the  N  Sea,  £  by  the  fame  ocean  and  Suri- 
nam>  S  by  Amazonia  and  Peru,  and  W  by 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  called  Terra 
Firma  from  being  the  firft  part  of  the 
continent  difcovered  by  the  Spaniards, 
and  is  divided  into  Terra  Firma  Proper, 
or  Darien,  Carthagena,  St.  Martha,  Vene- 
zuela, Comana,  Paria,  New  Granada,  and 
Popayan.  The  chief  towns  are  Porto 
Hello,  Panama,  Carthagena,  and  Popaynn. 
The  principal  bays  of  tliis  province  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  are  thole  of  Paoama  and 


(M 


yi 


m. 


TER 


THA 


St.  Mik-h»el,  in  the  N.  Sea,  Porto  B«llo, 
Sino,  Ouiara,  &c.  The  chief  rivers  are 
the  Darien,  Chagre,  Santa  Maria,  Concep- 
tiofi,  and  Oronoke.  The  climate,  efpec« 
ially  in  the  northern  parts,  it  extremely 
hot  and  fultry  during  the  whole  year. 
From  the  month  of  May,  to  the  end  of 
Nov.  the  feaTon  called  winter  by  the  in- 
habitants, is  almoft  a  continual  fuccellion 
of  thunder,  rain  and  tempeds,  the  clouds 
precipitating  the  i>^in  with  fuch  impetu* 
uiity,  that  the  low  lands  exliibit  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ocean.  Great  part  of  the 
country  is  confequently  flooded ;  and  this, 
together  with  the  exceflive  heat,  to  in>> 
prcgnatcs  the  earth  with  vapours,  that  in 
zn^ny  provinces,  particularly  about  Popa^ 
yan  and  Porto  Bello,  the  air  is  extremely 
unwholefome.  The  foil  of  this  country 
V  very  difTerent,  the  inland  parts  being 
very  rich  and  fertile,  and  the  coads  fandy 
and  barren.  It  is  impolllblc  to  view  with- 
out admlrjuon,  the  perpetual  verdure  of 
the  woods,  the  luxuriancy  of  the  plains, 
and  the  towering  height  of  the  mountains. 
'I'his  country  produces  corn,  fugar,  tobac- 
co, &c.  and  fruits  of  all  kinds.  This  part 
of  S.  America  was  diPcovcred  by  Colum- 
bus in  his  third  voyage  to  America.  It 
W14  I'uWdued  and  fettled  by  the  Spaniards 
about  the  year  1514,  after  deftroying, 
w!;h  great  inhumanity,  feveral  millions  .of 
the  natives. 

Terra  Firma  Pro[>er,  or  Daritn,  a  fubdi- 
vifion  of  Terra  Firma.  Chief  towns, 
Porto  Bello,  and  Panama.  See  Daritn. 
Terra  Mugellanica.  See  Patagonia, 
Terra  Nieva,  near  Hi^fon's  Straits,  is  in 
Ut.  61  4  N,  and  Ion.  67  W,  high  water, 
at  full  and  changs,  a  little  before  10 
o'clock, 

Tfrriiory  N,  IV.  0/ the  Olio,  Of  N.  Wefl- 
vrn  Territory.  All  that  part  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  was  fo  called,  wlkich  lies  between 
3  7  and  so  N  lat.  and  between  81'  8  and  98 
^  W  Ion.  bounded  N  by  part  of  the  north- 
ern l>oundary  line  of  the  United  States ; 
jE  by  the  lakes  and  Pennfylvania ;  S  by 
the  Ohio  river ;  W  by  the  ^lilAfippi ; 
eflimatcd  to  contain  263,040,000  acres,  of 
which  4,1,040,000  are  water.  This  por- 
tion of  the  United  States  is  now  divided 
ilito  the  State  of  Ohio,  the  Indiana  Territory., 
4ud  H^uyne  county,  which  forms  a  feparate 
<ii(lri«^  and  government-  See  thefe  fev- 
eral Jieads.  The  N  weflern  part  of  the 
«|ibove  Territory  lying  N  of  tiie  Illinois, 
^d  between  the  lakes,  and  the  MilGilppi, 
is  dill  inhabited  by  Indians,  and  is  not  in- 
(*l«ded  in  either  Qf  th«  abov^  Uiyifioa*, 


v 


In  &)me  parts,  the  country  is  too  hilly  for 
cultivation,  and  in  fome  places  between 
the  Oliio  and  the  lakes,  the  land  is  fo  flat 
that  the  water  flands  till  midrnmmer. 
For  miles  the  ground  is  not  vifible,  yit 
the  water  is  not  more  than  from  1  a  to  18 
inches  deep. 

Teffahn.  a  river  of  Upper  Canada 
which  fain  into  lake  Huron,  jo  leagues 
N  W  of  French  river,  in  lat.  46  11  3i  N. 

TeJUgoif  iflands,  near  the  coafl  of  New 
Andalufia,in  Terra  Firma,  on  the  ^  coaft 
of  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Several  fmall  ifl- 
ands at  the  E  end  of  the  ifland  of  Marga- 
rita lie  betwsfen  that  ifland  and  thofec^l- 
ed  Tefligos.    N  lat.  11  6,  W  Ion.  61  48. 

Teteroa  Harbour,  on  the  W  fid*  of  the 
ifland  of  Ulietca,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
andi. 

Tethuroa,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  24  miles  from  Point  Venus 
in  the  iHand  of  Otaheile.  S  lat.  17  4,  W 
Ion.  149  30. 

Tet»eu(o,  3  brackifh  lake  in  Mexlcoi 
See  Mexico. 

Teujhanujhfanggpohta,  an  Indian  village 
on  the  northern  bank  of  Alleghany  river, 
in  Pennfylvaaia,  5  miles  N  of  the  S  line 
of  the  State,  and  14  E  S  E  o£  Chatough^ 
que  Lake. 

Tevikjbury,  the  Wameftt,  or  Paiutuckett 
of  theIn<lian8,atownfliip  of  MaflTachufetts, 
Middlefex  co.  on  Concord  river,  near  its 
jundlion  with  the  Merrimack  24  miles  N 
ofBoflon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1734 
and  contains  944  inhabitants.. 

Tevfkjbury,  atowuOiip  of  N.  Jerfey,  Hun- 
terdon CO.  The  townfliips  of  Lebanon, 
Readington,  and  Tcwkfbury,  contain- 
ed in  1790,  4370  inhabitants,  including 
268  flave3. 

Tbamet,Hiv*ry\xi  CoTait&xcvXf'a  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  Shetucket  and  Little, 
or  Norwich  rivers,  at  Norwich  Landing, 
to  which  place  it  is  navigable  for  vefieU 
of  conflderable  burden ;  and  thus  far  the 
tide  flows.  From  this  place  the  Thames 
purfues  a  foutherly  courfe  14  miles,  pair- 
ing by  New  London  on  its  W  bank,  and 
entpties  into  L.  Ifland  Sound  ;  forming  the 
fine  harbour  of  New  Lbndon. 

Thames  i?/v;r,  U.Canada,  formerly  call- 
ed La  Tranche  or  Triucbe,  and  by  the 
Indians  EJfexcunnyfeepe,  rifes  in  the  Chip-, 
pawa  country,  and  ninnitig  S  W  wafliet  I 
the  counties  of  (the  W  r'iding  of)  York, 
Norfolk,  Suffolk,  and  Kent,  and  empties 
itfelf  into  Lake  St.  Clair,  above  Dc  Troit ;  { 
it  is  a  river  of  ctmfiderable  extent,  with- 
out falU,     From  its  upper  branches  itl 

comaunicRtesI 


Awmu: 
lake  H 
fcitc  of  I 
that  int« 
Pork ;  J 
Chathan 
inland  e 
improve 
extreme! 

Tbatet 

the  S  £ 

of  Mafla 

limit  of 

light  heu 

in  lat.  43 

Theaiii 

aois  rivei 

St.  JoTeph 

.ind  level 

teWtt  Pi 

ffom  then 

the  name  1 

called  Hm 

Tbetforo 

of  Orange 

«i  Conned 

of  Dartmo 

inhabitant 

Thirty  m 

Themae'j 

and  of  An 

from  the  S 

Thomat', 

which  falii 

from  ChatI 

Thoiaat  1 

the  Targeft' 

gin  Mands, 

9  miles  Ion 

foil  and  is 

confideraM 

peace,  io  tb 

^eers  in  tim< 

Alargebatt 

foncc,  moui 

N  lat.  18  aa 

*>ul  comma 

^nkilet  E 

CO. 

Tbomat  Jf 
Mexico,    h 

Tbomat,  S 
n>crica,'on  t 
'•*•  7J,  W  l< 

Tbomat,  P 
of  Honduras 
which  goods 
Thmat,  Si 
dalufia,  or  P 
o' Terra  Fin 


mffcr 
aeiwctn 
•  fo  flat 
fummer. 
ible,  yit 
lato  i8 

Canada 
)  league* 
la  41  I^- 
[\  of  New 
le  &coa(k 
1  fmaU  ifl- 
)f  Marga- 
thofecall- 
)n.  61  48. 
de  of  the 
iociety  Ifl- 

S.  Pacific 
oint  Venuf 
It.  17  4.^ 

in  Mexico> 

lan  village 
5hany  river, 
)f  the  S  line 
i  Chatough- 

r  PawtuciM 
jaffachufetM, 
,rer,  near  it» 
24  miles  N 
:ed  in  X734 

Jerfey,,Hun- 
of  Lebanon! 
ry,   contain- 

ts,  including 


THO 

flhniftunlcates  by  fmall  portngei  ivIthR 
lake  Huron,  and  the  Grand  River;  the 
fcitc  of  Oxford  is  on  its  Upper  Fork;  and 
that  intended  furDorchefter  on  its  middle 
Fork  ;  London  on  the  Main  Fork ;  and 
Chatham  on  its  Lower  Fork.  It  is  a  fine 
inland  canal,  and  capable  of  being  highly 
improved.  The  lands  on  itsiraiks  are 
extremely  fertile.  Smytb, 

Tbttteier't  IflanJ,\ia  about  a  mile  £  of 
the  S  £  point  of  Cape  Ann,  on  the  coaft 
of  MaflachuTetu,  and  forms  the  northern 
limit  of  MaiTachufetts  9av ;  and  has  a 
light  houfes.  Cafte  Ana  light  houfe  lies 
in  ia.t.  43  36  N,«nd  Ion.  70  47  W. 

TbeaUki,  the  eaftern  head  water  of  Illi- 
nois river,  rKet  about  8  miles  S  of  Fort 
St.  Jofeph.  After  running  through  rich 
and  level  lands,  about  iii  miles,  it  re- 
ceives Plcin  rit<er  in  lat.  41  48  N,  and 
from  thence  the  confluent  ftream  atfumes 
the  name  of  Illinois.  In  feme  maps^  it  is 
called  Huaiita. 

7'betforil,  a  townfliip  in  the  S  E  corner 
of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  on  the  W  bank 
<if  Connedicut  river,  about  10  miles  N 
of  Dartmouth  colinge,  and  contains  1478 
inhabitants. 

7blrly  miUfiream.     Sec  Lhermore. 
Tbomai'j  Bay,  on  the  W  coaft  of  the  ill- 
and  of  Antigua.    It  affords  feme  fhelt^r 
from  the  S  and  S  £  winds. 

7<&a«MiV  Cn*i,  a  Oream  of  S.  Carolina, 
which  falls  into  the  Great  Pedee,  i  mile 
from  Chatham. 

TImihm  J/land,  St.  Of  the  DaMu  IJlomt,  is 
the  Targrft  and  moft  northerly  of  the  Vir- 
gin Mlands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  is  about 
9  miles  long  and  3  broad.  It  has  a  fandy 
foil  and  is  badly  watered,  but  enjoys  a 
confideraVtIe  t^ade,  efpecially  in  time  of 
peace,  in  tbe  contraband  way  ;  and  priva- 
teers in  time  of  war  fell  thnr  prizes  here. 
A  large  battery  lias  been  ereAed  for  its  de- 
fence, mounted  with  10  pieces  of  cannon. 
N  lat.  18  aa,  W  Ion,  64  5 1.  It  has  a  fafe 
and  commodious  harbour,  and  lies  about 
Sonhilea  E  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Ri- 
ca 

7bmat  IJIaitd,  St,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N. 
Mexico.    N  lat.  ao  10,  W  Ion.  113  5' 

Tbomatf  St.  a  town  Of  Guiana,  in  S.  A- 
merica,>on  the  banks  of  the  Oroonoko.  N 
••»■  7J.WIon.  6»  36. 

9i««»a/,  Port  Si.  a  harbour  in  the  bay 
of  Hondurasy  on  the  Spanifti  Main ;  from 
which  goods  are  fliipped  to  Europe. 

Tbemai^  St.  the  chief  town  of  New  An- 
'  dalufia,  or  Parie,  in  the  ndrthcra  divilion 
ofTcrra  Firma. 'r-..7.—  -'  ^a  - 


THO 

Titmat,  St.  a  parifli  of  Charlefton  'd\t- 
tria,  in  8.  Carolina. 

Tbtmajloivii,  a  port  town  of  Maine,  Lin- 
coln CO.  on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  Bay, 
and  about  4  leagues  from  Franklin  Kland, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  George, 
which  divides  this  town  from  Warren 
Mid  Cubing.  A  confideruble  river  in 
the  S  £  part  of  the  tnwnfltiu  i^  called 
WeflbwelTgeeg.  From  the  hill  of  Mad- 
ambettocks  may  be  feen  iflands  and  lands 
to  a. great  diftance  ;  and  near  it  there  is 
thought  to  be  plenty  of  iron  ore.  The 
grand  ftaplcs  of  Thomaftowu  are  lime  and 
lumber.  Limenone  is  very  common. 
There  are  now  about  35  kilns  ercdted, 
eachof  which, on  an  average,  will  produce 
000  fifty  gallon  caiks.  Too  much  atten- 
tion being  paid  to  this  bufinefj,  prevents 
a  due  cultivation  of  the  lands.  Therft 
wereowncd  in  1 796on  the  river,  la  brigs, 
fchooners,  and  (loops,  equal  to  about  i  ico 
tons,  employed  in  foreign  and  coafling 
voyages.  On  the  river;  and  its  fcverai 
ftreams,  are  a  number  of  tide  and  other 

Srift  and  faw  mills.  A  fort  with  a  num- 
er  of  cannon,  and  a  regular  gnrrifon  of 
provincials,  was  formerly  flationed  about 
5  miles  below  the  head  of  thetiUe.  Few 
veftiges  of  the  fort  now  remain  ;  hiA  in 
plac^e  of  it  an  elega;:t  building  vas  cr'e<fted 
in  1794,  by  the  Hon.  Henry  Knox,  Efq. 
The  fettlcmcnt  of  Thomaftown  begia 
about  1730,  in  1777  it  was  incorporated, 
in  1790  it  contained  801  inhabitants, 
and  iu  1800,  1397.  There  are  here  no 
public  fchools  conftantly  kept,  thoti^h 
theie  are  fevcral  private  ones  throughout 
the  year.  There  ar*  two  churches,  one 
for  Baptifls,  the  other  for  Congregation- 
alifts.  Here  is  alfe  a  focial  library.  The 
compact  part  of  the  town  is  7  miles 
feutherly  of  Camden,  7  E  of  Warren,  39 
N  E  by  E  of  Wifennet,  215  N  E  of  Bof- 
ton,and  70a  from  Wafliington. 

Tlome,  St.  or  St.  Thomas,  a  plain  in  tliC 
centreof  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo,  on  t\\i 
S  fide  of  the  firft  chain  of  the  nioiintaint 
of  Chibao.  It  is  contiguous  to  t  he  N  of 
that  of  St.  John  of  Maguana.  I'he  fort 
of  St.  Thomas  was  erecftcd  here,  near  the 
head  of  the  Artibnnitc,  by  Chriftopher 
Columbus  to  protedt  the  mines  againft  the 
Indians.  There  is  now  no  veflige  of  the 
fort  remaining. 

tkomfoM  Jjland,  lies  near  tlie  entrance 
of  the  river  St.  Clair,  U.  Canada.  It 
fcarcely  contains  200  acres  of  dry  land, 
fit  for  tillage,  but  a  gtcat  many  arrcB  of 
mirfh.  Smyth. 


THR 


TIB 


^n«mpfm,  %  townOiip  of  Windham  e«. 
in  the  N  E  corner  of  Conne<fticut  ;  hav* 
ing  tbe  tovn  of  Killingly  on  the  S,  the 
Aate  uf  Rhode  Ifland  E,  and  that  of  Maf- 
fachufetti  on  the  N  ;  from  which  laft  it 
receives  Qninabaug  and  Five  mile  riveri. 
lahabiianu  3341. 

Tbomfoitjharo't  a  town  in  Lincoln  countjr, 
Maine,  late  the  W  part  of  Bowdoin,  in> 
corporftted  1798.   It  has  776  inhabitanff. 

7btmpfoiu  Crtti,u  formed  by  feveral 
fmall  ftream*  which  rife  in  the  fouthera 
I»rt  of  the  Mtflifippi  Territory,  croft  the 
^ine  of  the  Uqited  3tatea,  into  W.  Flot> 
ida,  now  the  eattern  divifioli  of  Louifiana, 
where  they  unite  and  purfue  a  S  E  courfe 
into  the  Mtffifippi  river.  Its  mouth  is 
oppofite  Point  Coupee.  The  land  on  this 
Creek  is  reprefented  as  very  valuable.  In 
1775,  Fct^r  Chedcr,  Oovemor  of  Weft 
Florida,  granted  to  Capt.  John  Elfworth, 
»  trafk  of  land  in  the  forks  of  this  Creek, 
pn  which  in  17 7^, he  built  a  fmall  houfb 
His  heirs  now  claim  this  land. 

Tbopieanm,  a  fmall  river  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  which  runs  fouthward  to  Wa- 
baih  river,  into  which  it  enters  a  few 
miles  eaftward  of  Ouixtannn.  '• 

^horHJhurgt  *  poft  town  in  Spotfylvania 
CO.  Virginia,  74  miles  from  Wafliington. 

'fhwnten,  A  townfliip  of  N.  HampOtire, 
Grafton  co.  at  the  head  of  Merrimack 
river,  which  contains  $25  inhabitants. 

thonli  trmmjhipt  in  Lipcoln  co.  U. 
Canada,  lies  S  of  Orantham  and  is  water- 
ed by  the  river  Wetland. 

Vioyloufe,  Pert,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  near  the  ent|;ance 
of  the  Strait  ,of  Fronfac  or  Canfo,  lies  be- 
tween  the  gulf  called  Little  St.  Peter  and 
the  jflands  of  St.  Peter.  It  was  formerly 
called  Port  St.  Pat^r,  and  is  60  miles  W  of 
Gabaronbay. 

Tioufand  J/tu,  are  in  St.  Lawrence,  a 
little  N  of  Lake  Ontario. 

TioufinJ  Lakit,  a  name  given  to  a  great 
number  of  fmaU  lakes  near  the  MifQrippi, 
about  60  iniles  abpve  St.  Anthony'^  Falls. 
The  country  about  thefe  lakes,  though 
little  frequented,  is  fine  hunting  grounds. 
Here  the  Miflifippi  i»  npt  ab,qy^  gq  yar^s 
wide.  ■ 

three  Brotbert,  3  iflands  within  the  rivr 
er  EfTequibo  on  the  Ecoad  of  S.  America. 

tbrm  Ifianit  Bay,  or  Harbour,  on  the  £ 
ceaft  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Lueia,  W.  Indies. 

three  Poititt,  Cafe,onthe  coaftpf  Guiana, 
in  S.  America.  N  lat.  10  38,  W  Ion.  61  57. 

three  Sivert,\n  Canada*  See  Trm  Iti- 
viiret- 


thrM  SlJItri,  thret  final!  itlf  00  the  V 
(liore  of  Chcfapeak  Bay,  which  lie  be- 
tween W  river  and  Parker's  Ifland. 

thrum  Cat,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  a 
(mall  circular  ifle,  not  more  than  a  mile 
incircumfcrcnce,  7  leagues  M  6a°  W  from 
Lagooii  Ifland.  High  water,  at  full  and 
change,  Mkween  ix  and  la  o'clock.  Slat. 
»8  35,  W  Ion.  13948. 

thule.  Southern,  an  ifland  in  the  S  At- 
lantic Ocean,  the  moft  foutherly  land  ever 
difcovcrcd ;  hence  the  name.  8  lat  J9 
3i,  W  Ion.  ■?  45« 

thurtew  temn/hip,  Haftings  ca  U.  Can- 
ada, lies  near  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Quior 
te,  and  £  of  Sidney. 

tburmam,  a  townfliip  in  Wafhington  ca 
N.  York;  taken  from  Queeniburg,  and 
iqi^orporatedin  179a. 

thunder  Bay,  on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake 
Superior,  U,  Canada,  oppofite  the  £  end  of 
Ifle  de  Minatte.  There  is  a  remarkable 
high  mountain  at  its  eaftemmoft  cape. 

thunder  Bay,  in  lake  Huron,  lies  about 
half  way  between  Sagana  Bay  and  the  N 
W  corner  of  the  lake.  It  is  about  9  miles 
gc^ofs  either  way ;  and  is  thus  called  from 
the  thunder  frequently  heard  there. 

tUhiiry  townjiip,  in  the  weftern  diftritft 
of  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  upon  lake  St. 
Clair,  W  of  Raleigh,  whera  (he  Thames 
empties  itfelf  into  that  lake. 

tianaderha  Rivtr,     See  Unadilla  R'nier. 

tiaami,  an  ancient  Indian  town,  about 
150  miles  up  the  SufqUehannah  river. 

tiher,  or  Gcifi  Creei,  a  fmall  ftream 
which  runs  foutherly  through  the  city  of 
Wailiington,  and  empties  into  Palowmac 
river.  Us  fource  is  136  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  tide  in  the  creek ;  the  waters 
of  which  and  tbofe  of  Reedy  Branch  may 
be  convcyqd  to  the  Prefident's  houfe,  and 
to  the  capitoL  The  contemplated  Dry 
Dock,  was  to  have  been  ere<Sted  on  this 
Creek. 

tiheron.  Cape,  a  round  black  rnckon  the 
8  W  part  of  the  fouthem  peninfula  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  forms  the  N  W 
limit  of  the  bay  of  Tiberon. 

tiberon,iir  tituron,  a  bay  and  village  on 
the  S  W  part  uf  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
The  bay  is  formed  by  the  capo  of  its  name 
pn  the  N  W,  and  Point  Burgau  on  the  S 
E,a  league  and  three  fourths  apart.  The 
ftream;  called  a  river,  falls  in  at  the  head 
of  the  bay,  on  the  weftem  fide  of  the  vil- 
lage, which  ftands  on  toe  high  road,  and, 
according  to  its  courfe  along  the  fea  fliore, 
10  leagues  S  of  Cape  Dame  Marie,  30 
from  Jeremie,  and  3  a  b);  U>e  winding  of 

•"  .  ■>    .  the 


TIE 


Tit 


ttie  road  Trom  T.ei  Cftvet.  The  rnpe  U  in 
lat.  i8  ao  30  N,  and  m  Ion.  76  5%  40  W. 
The  export!  from  Cape  Tilicron,  from 
Jan.  1, 1789,  to  Dec.  31,  of  the  f.ime  year, 
looolb*.  white  fugar,  377,8oolb».  brown 
fugar,  6oo,ootlb«.  cofi'ee,  i,v67all)6.  cot- 
ton, io88lbs.  indigo,  and  fmall  articles  to 
a  conftderable  amount.  I'otal  vahie  of 
duties  on  exportation,  2465  dollars  76 
cents. 

TiieroH,  a  fort,  near  the  toirn  or  villaj^c 
abovementioned ;  taken  by  the  French, 
the  aid  March,  1795. 

'jTittJUU,  a  town  on  the  hay  of  Antonio, 
on  the  N  £  part  of  Jamaica  I.  See  Port 
Anlomh. 

Tieile  Harbour,  on  the  E  coafl  of  New- 
foundland, 15  leagues  from  J3unaventura 
Port. 

TiMe  Mi  Q^eily,  a  name  given  by  Brit- 
i(h  fcamen  to  a  fine,  little,  fandy  hay  of 
Terra  Firma,  on  the  Kthtrtus  of  Darien,  at 
the  N  W  end  «f  a  reef  of  rocks,  having 
good  anchorage  and  fafe  landing.  The 
extremity  of  the  rocks  on  one  fide,  and 
the  Samballas  Idands  (the  range  of  which 
begins  from  hence)  on  the  other  iide, 
guard  it  from  the  fea,  and  fo  form  a  very 
good  harbour.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
privateers. 

*rieonikroga,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, 
built  by  the  French  in  the  year  1756,  on 
the  N  ude  of  a  peninfula  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  waters  iduing  from  Lake 
George  into  Lake  Champlain.  It  w  now 
a  heap  of  ruins,  and  forms  an  appendage 
to  a  farm.  Its  name  fignifics  Noify,  in  the 
Indian  language,  and  was  called  by  the 
French,  Corillor.  Mo  unt  Independence  i  n 
Addifon  co.  Vermont,  is  about  a  miles  S  E 
of  it,  and  feparated  from  it  by  tlie  narrow 
Arait  which  conveys  the  waters  of  Lake 
George  and  South  river  into  I^ake  Cham- 
plain.  It  had  all  the  advantages  that  art 
or  nature  could  give  it,  being  defended  on 
3  fides  by  water  furrounded  by  rocks,  and 
on  half  of  the  fourth  by  a  fwamp,  and 
where  that  fails,  the  French  erected  a 
breaft  work  9  feet  high.  This  was  the 
firft  fortrefs  attacked  by  the  Americans 
during  the  revolutionary  war.  The  troops 
under  Gen.  Abercrombic  were  defeated 
herein  the  year  1758,  but  it  was  taken 
the  year  following  by  Gen.  Amherft.  It 
was  furprifed  by  Cols.  Allen  and  Arnold, 
May  10, 1775,  and  was  retsjaea  by  Gen. 
fiurgoyne  in  July,  1777. 

Titrra  Aujlral  del  EJpirltu  Santc,  called 
by  Bougainville,  7be  ArcBiptlago  ef  ti* 
fi.  Jt  C^ciadcff  Md  by  Capt.  Cook,  7I)»\ 


Nrtv  JJtlr'iJis,  may  be  conf dered  ni  the 
eallern  extremity  of  the  vaft  Arc h'pcl.igo 
of  Nrtu  Giiinia.  I'hel'e  illands  arc  iituatcd 
between  the  latitudes  of  14  19  and  20  40 
S,  and  between  169  41  and  170  at  £  Ion. 
from  Greenwich,  and  coiifiQ  of  the  follow- 
ing illands,  fume  of  which  have  received 
names  from  the  dilfcrent  F.uropean  navi- 
gators, and  Others  retain  the  names  whirh 
they  bear  among  the  natives  ;  viz.  I'icrra 
Aullral  del  F.fpiritu  bunto,  St.  Bartholo- 
mew, Mallicollo,  Pic  de  I'lltoile,  Aurora, 
Ifle  of  Lepers,  Whitfuntide,  Ambrym, 
Paoon,  Shepherds  IIlcs,  Sandwich,  Drro- 
mango,  Immcr,  I'anna,  Ertonan,  Amu- 
torn,  Apee,  Three  Hills,  Montagu,  Hinch- 
inbrook.and  Erromanga.  Quires, who  fird 
difcovvred  theft  iflands,  in  i(>o6,iIefcrihe> 
them,  as  "  richer  and  more  fertile  tlian 
Spain,  and  as  populous  as  they  are  fertile ; 
watcied  with  fine  rivers,  and  producing 
filver,  pearh,  nutmegs,  mace,  pepper,  g^u- 
irer,  ebony  of  the  rirfl  quality,  wootl  for 
the  conftruiftion  of  vefl'els,  and  p!?ntf 
which  might  be  fabricated  into  fail  cloth 
and  cordages,  one  fort  of  which  is  not  in- 
like  the  hemp  of  Europe."  The  inhabit- 
ants of  thefe  iflands,  he  defcribcs,  z*  of 
feverzl  different  races  of  mcTi  ;  black, 
white,  mulatto,  tawny,  and  copper  coU 
oured ;  a  proof,  he  fuppofcs,  of  their  in- 
ter courfe  with  various  people.  Theyufp 
no  fire  arms,  are  employed  in  no  niincst 
nor  have  they  any  of  thofe  means  of  de- 
llrutflion  winch  the  genius  of  Europe  haa 
invented.  Induflry  and  policy  feera  to 
have  made  but  little  progrefs  among  them  { 
they  build  neither  towns  nor  fortrcflcs  ( 
acknowledge  neither  king  nor  laws,  an4 
are  divided  only  into  tribes,  among  which 
there  does  not  always  fubGft  a  pcrtct.^  harr 
mony.  Their  arms  are  the  bow  and  ar-^ 
rows,  the  fpear  and  the  dart,  all  mada 
of  wood.  Their  only  covering  is  a 
garment  round  the  waift,  which  reache« 
to  the  middle  of  the  thigh.  They  are 
cleanly,  of  a  lively  and  grateful  difptffi* 
tion,  capable  of  friendOiip  and  inflruif^ion. 
Their  houfes  are  of  wood,  covered  with 
palm  leaves.  They  have  places  of  wor- 
fhip  and  burial.  They  work  in  flone,  and 
poliOi  marble,  of  which  there  are  many 
quarries.  They  make  flutes,  drums,  wood« 
en  fpoons,  and  from  the  mother  of  pearl, 
form  chifTels,  fcilTors,  knives,  hooks,  faws, 
hatchets,  and  fmall  round  plates  for  neck« 
laces.  Their  canoes  are  well  built  and 
neatly  fioifhed.  Hogs,  goats,  cows,  buflko 
loes,  and  various  fowls  and  fifh  for  foo^ 
are  jfouud  io  ab^ndanc(  00  and  about 


m 


'iM 


TIM 


TIP 


ihcTo  i(1aDi]«.  'Added  to  all  tl)«re  and  many 
(idler  excellencies,  thefe  iiluiiJ*  ure  repre- 
fijuttid  at  l)avin|{  a  rcmarkMhly  Talubrious 
air,  wliich  it  evinced  by  the  healtiiy  rubuA 
appearance  of  the  inlubitantt,  who  live 
«i  a  great  age,  and  yet  have  nu  other  bed 
than  the  «:krth.  Such  it  the  defcription 
which  Quinis  aivtt  of  thefe  iflandi  in  and 
•lM)ut  which  ne  fpent  Ibmt  montht,  and 
which  he  rcprefentt  to  the  king  uf  8pH!n, 
at  -  the  mod  delicioui  countrj^  in  the 
world  ;  the  garden  of  Kden,  the  inexbauf- 
tible  £uurc(!  of  glory,  richet  and  power  to 
fipain."  On  the  N  fide  of  the  iargeft  o( 
tnett  iflamb,  called  EMtitu  SMio,  it  a  bay, 
called  SaH  Fitip*  and  Smut  Togo^  which,  fays 
Quito*,  **  penetrates  ao  leagues  into  the 
country ;  the  inner  part  is  all  fafc,  and 
may  be  entered  with  fccurity,  by  uicht  at 
well  at  by  da^.  On  every  lide,  in  its  vi- 
cinity, many  vill'igct  may  be  diftinguiflted, 
and  if  \vc  may  judge  by  the  fmokc  which 
rifct  by  day,  and  the  iiresthat  are  facu  by 
i\ight,  there  are  many  more  in  the  iutcrior 
paitt.*'  I'hc  harbour  in  thit  bay,  wat 
named  by  Quirun,  !■><»  Vtta  Crum,  and  is  a 
part  of  this  bar,  and  large  enough  to  ad- 
mit looo  veflelt.  The  anchorage  it  on  an 
excellent  bottom  of  Mack  fand,  in  water 
of  different  deptiis,  from  6  tu  40  f«ithonu, 
between  %  fine  rivem. 

yij^n.7rf;  the  chief  town  of  the  captain- 
flii|>  uf  Rio  Grande  in  Brazil. 

TiMiil/kamatM  Late,  in  L.  Canada,  it 
;>b()ui  30  miles  long  and  10  broad,  having 
i'(?veral  fmall  illand^  Its  waten  empty 
into  Uiawat  river,  by«  fliort  and  narrow 
channel,  30  milet  N  of  the  N  part  of  Ne- 
pilfing  lake.  Indians  named  Timmifca- 
inaings  rcfldc  round  this  lake. 

TimLutn,  two  townlliips  of  Pcnnfylva- 
fiia  ;  the  one  in  Buck's  co.  the  other  in 
tliat  of  Delaware.  The  former  has  947, 
and  the  latter  272  inhabitants. 

Tinier'*  IJlti>J,one  of  the  Elizabeth  Id- 
ands,  on  the  coa(l  uf  MaflachuCetts,  oflF 
buzzard's  Bay,  8  miles  from  the  main 
land  of  Barnttable  co.  It  is  the  fecood 
in  magnitude,  and  the  middle  one  of  the 
2  largcft.  It  is  about  3.  miles  long  from  N 
•0  S,  and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  broad 
from  E  to  W  ;  and  between  this  and 
}4aOuwn  Ifland  is  a  channel  for  floopt  and 
fmall  velTcIs,  as  there  is  alfo  between  it 
and  Slocum's  Ifland,  about  a  mile  farther 
to  the  wedward. 

Tiitmtutb,  a  towafliipof  Nfova  Scotia  on 
the  caftern  coaft  It  was  formerly  called 
Pi(!iou,  and  lies  about  40  swlM  froai  Tru- 
4i.    Sce/y^w.  II 


\ 


TiHmoiiil,  a  pod  town  of  VermQnt,  Rul* 
land  CO.  and  contains  973  inhabitants. 

T.'ii^^nal,  a  ri  Jt  filvcr  mine  in  the  prov* 
ince  of  Coda  Rica  1  which  fee. 

TiWd,  a  jurifdi«^un  in  th«  empire  of 
Peru  ;  wherein  is  the  famous  fdvcr  mine 
called  Condonoma.    8ce  Canctt. 

Tiiitamar*,aitivw of  Nova  Scotia,  which 
it  navigable  3  or  4  miles  up  for  fmall  vcf- 
kU. 

Titi;  a  river  of  Terra  Firma,  ao  Icaguci 
E  of  Cipe  Honduras. 

TV^a  Po;ni,  or  Cii6e,  on  the  W  coaft  of 
N.  Murico,  is  a  rough  head  laud,  8  leagues 
fr*m  the  valley  of  t'olima. 

Tii>£j,  a  townfltip  of  Pennfylvania,  is 
Luzerne  co.  having  560  inhabitants. 

Tiaga,  a  co.  of  N.  York,  bounded  E  by 
Otfcgo,  W  by  Ontario,  N  by  Qnoiidagn, 
and  S  by  the  State  of  Pcnnfyivania.  It 
contains  7406  inhaliitanti.  The  courts 
arc  held  alternately,  at  Chenengo,  and 
Newtown  Point,  in  the  town  of  Chemung. 
Some  curious  bones  have  been  dug  up  in 
this  county.  About  la  miles  from  Tioga 
Point,  the  bone  or  horn  of  an  animal  wis 
foundf  6  feet  9  inches  lung ;  ai  inches 
round,  at  the  long  end,  and  15  inches  at 
the  fmall  end.  k  it  incurvatcd  nearly  tu 
an  arch  uf  a  large  circle.  By  the  prefent 
ftate  of  both  the  endt,  much  of  it  mull 
have  petiflicd  ;  probably  a  or  3  feet  from 
each  end. 

Tioga  Point,  the  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  Tioga  river  with  the  E 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river.  )t  is  about 
5 1  miles  foutherly  from  the  line  which  di« 
vides  N.  York  from  Pennfylvania,  and  it 
about  150  miles  N  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 
The  town  of  Athens  (land*  on  tlus  point 
of  land. 

Tioga  Jliver,  a  branch  of  the  Sufque- 
hannah, which  rifes  in  thr  Alleghany 
mountains  in  about  Jat.  4a,  and  ruouiug 
eafwardty,  empties  into  the  Sufquehan- 
nah at  Tioga  Point,  in  lat.  41  57.  It  it 
navigable  for  boats  about  jo  miles.  There 
is  faid  to  be  a  praAicable  communi- 
cation between  the  fouthern  branch  of 
the  Tioga,  and  a  branch  of  the  ^Uegha- 
ghany,  the  head  waters  of  which  are  near 
each  other.  The  Seneca  Indians  fay  they 
can  wallc^4time>viaa  day,  from  the  boat- 
able  waters  of  the  Alleghany,  to  thofe  of 
the  Tioga,  at  th«  place  now  mentioned. 

Tiongbnioga  River,     8tc  Cbenenga  River, 

Ti(>oha,an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
one  of  thofe  called  George's  Iflaoda.  S 
lat.  14  a7,  W  Ion.  144  56. 

Ti^MHjf't  Rivir.    Sec  Tarija, 

Tifiury, 


TIT 

Ttjinn,  a  fin»ll  fitljid^  <own  on  ll)c  N 
ide  uf  the  illand  of  Marthi'o  Vineyard,  3 
militfiomCliiloiack.And  97  from  U  'lou. 
The  tuwnfliip  wa>  inco  oirattd  in  i6;i, 
iiml  cuiitaini  109I  inhaliitwi'i.  It  ii  in 
Duke't  CO.  Mafr;icl)uretc*,an<l  in  1  Vftt  the 
raftcrly  part  wai  incorporated  into  j  fcp- 
UAic  prccini^t 

'Ti/tMt.ii  village  ofOuenca,  and  drparc- 
ment  of  AlanGt,  in  Qnitu,  in  H,  Anieric*, 
which  WM  cmircly  dLllruycd  by  an  cirth* 
quake,  but  the  inhabitants  cfcaped,  Kiid 
removed  to  a  fafer  fituation.  'J'he  marki 
ofthit  die'idfui  convullion  of  n^i  ire  arc 
ftill  vifible. 

'Tilhuat  an  iflind  of  S.  America,  in  the 
S.Pacitic  Ocean,  near  the  coall  of  I'cru. 

TitUata,  or  Cliueuilj,  a  lake  ot  Charcas, 
in  I'cru  ;  and  ii  the  brg<  ft  of  all  the  known 
lake*  in  S.  America.    It  it  uf  an  oval  lijjure, 
with   an  inclination   from    N  W  to  S  E, 
and  about    So  leaguei  in  circuit.    The 
water  it,  in  fume  pui-t»,  70  or  80  fatbomi  1 
deep.    Ten  or  twelve   Urge,    bclide    a  ' 
greater  number  of  rmaller  dreamt  lall  in- 
to it.    The  water  of  this   lake,  tliuugh 
neither  fait  nor  brackifli,  is  muddy,  and 
hai  i'umething  fo  naufeout  in  iti  tafte,  ai 
not  to  be  drank.    On  an  ifle  in  thii  lake, 
Mango  C'aflac,  the  founder  of  the  Peru- 
vian  monarchy,  reported  thnt  the  Sun, 
Jiis  father,  had  pUccd  him  with  Ocllo  hi* 
confort  and  fidcr.     Here  was  a  temple 
dedicated  to  the  Sun,  fplcndid  with  pkte» 
of  gold  and  filver.    The  lodiani,  ou  fee- 
ing :he  violent  rapacity  of  the  Spuniarda, 
«re  thought  to  have  thrown  the  imnicnfc 
colleAion  of  richc*  in  the  temple,  into 
thit  lake.    But  thcfe  valuable  cifeAs  were 
t&rown  into  another  lake,  iu  the  valley 
of  Orcot,  6  leagues  S  of  Cufco,  in  water 
lii  or  14  fathoms  deep.    Toward*  the  H 
.part  of  Titicaca  Lake,  the  banks  approach 
OM  another,  fo  as  to  form  ;i*kind  of  bay, 
terminating  in  a  river,  called  £i  Dcfagua- 
dcro,  or  the  drain  ;  and  afterwards  forms 
the  Lake  of  Paria,  which  has  no  vifi- 
ble  outlet.     Over    the  river  £1  Defa- 
^dero  ftill  remains  the  bridge  of  rufltcs, 
invented  by  Capac  Yupanqui,  the  fifth 
tsca,   for  tranfporting  his  army  to  the 
other  fide,  in  order  to  conquer  the  prov- 
ilices  of  Collaftiyo.     The  Defaguadero  is 
here  between  80  and  100  yards  iu  breadth, 
flowing  with  a  very  impetuous  current, 
under  a  fmooth,  and,  as  it  were,  fleeping 
furface.    The  Inca,  to  overcome  this  dif- 
ficulty, ordered  4  very  large  cables  to  be 
fiade  of  a  kind  of  grafs,  which  covers  the 
yttj  hcatbi  and  monntaiiM  of  that  coun- 


TOA 

try,  and  by  the  lndi.«ns  called  Miu  1  As 
th<it  thcfe  rablf^  were  the  fuundatioi)  uf 
the  wliDJc  llruCture.  Two  of  thtft  bcin.j 
laid  acrol'i  the  water,  f;ifcines  I'l  dry  jii- 
neir<<,  and  totura,  two  fpeeies  tf  ruilie*, 
were  faAtiud  tugctlicr,  and  laid  ucrol* 
the  calilcf.  On  titu  ;i|',ain  the  two  ochcf 
Citbles  were  laid,  and  covired  with  limilar 
falrines  fccurcly  fadcncd  on,  but  of  a 
Imallcr  flee  than  the  fli  fl,  and  arr:inged  To 
ai  to  form  a  level  furface.  And  by  this 
means  the  Inca  procured  ara''e  jiad'age  for 
his  army.  This  bridge  of  rulltci,  whicli 
is  about  live  yard*  broad,  and  cue  yard 
and  a  half  above  the  furface  of  the  watir, 
is  carefully  repaired,  or  rebuilt,  every  fit 
months  by  thcucighbonriug  pruvlncc*-,  iu 
puriuaiicc  ot  a  law  m:.dc  by  tli.it  Inca  ; 
and  fiacc uft:.'n  cuiillintcd  by  the  kings  ol' 
Spain,  oa  account  of  its  vafl  ufc,  it  bcin^ 
the  channel  ot  intcrcourfc  between  thote 
provinces  ou  each  tide  the  Dclaguadero. 

Tivtrion,  a  towufltip  of  Rhutle  Illaml, 
Newport  Co.  havinji  MaflHchulctts  on  the 
N  and  K,  and  Little  Compton  townlliip 
on  the  8.  It  contains  1717  inhabitants. 
it  is  about  I J  miles  N  N  C  of  Newport. 

T/iim,  a  river  in  the  S  W  part  uf  N. 
America,  (00  miles  from  New  Spain.  In 
a  journey  made  thus  <nr,  iu  1606,  tlir 
Spaniards  found  fome  large  edilices,  and 
met  with  fome  hidians  who  fpoke  tiis 
Mexican  language,  and  who  told  them, 
that  a  few  days  journey  from  that  river 
towards  the  N  was  the  kingdom  of  I'olan, 
and  many  other  inhabited  places  whence 
the  Mexicans  migrated.  It  is,  indeed, 
confirmed  by  Mr.  Stewart,  in  his  late  trav- 
els, that  there  are  civilized  Indians  in  tbe 
interior  part»  of  America.  Beyond  the 
Miflburi,  he  met  with  powerful  nations 
who  were  courteous  and  hofpitable,  and 
appeared  to  be  a  polilhcd  aud  civilized 
people,  having  regularly  built  towns,  and 
enjoying  a  (late  of  focicty  not  far  removed 
from  the  European ;  and  indeed  to  be 
pf  rfedly  equal  wanted  only  iron  and  fteel.- 
Tii'Jiala,  or  2jt»  Amg$lot,  a  province  of 
New  Spain.    See  AngSu. 

TtJt  one  of  the  two  rivers,  Bajamond 
being  the  other,  which  empty  into  the 
harbour  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  ifiand  of 
thu  name  in  the  W.  Indies. 

taabotitUf  one  of  the  two  fmall  illands  to 
the  N  eaftward  of  the  S  end  of  Otaha  1(1- 
and,  one  of  the  Society  lilands,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Taamealingy  two  townCbips  of  Pennfyl- 
vania  ;  the  one  in  Montgomery  co.  the 
other  io  that  of  Nottiuo>]^toa. 


'11 

i  m 


f  6L 


T  0  M 


'fubago,  an  inaiid  In  the  \V.I[«{]ie«,tvhicb, 
^Itcii  in  the  hands  of  the  Dutch,  was  call- 
td  Nnu  f^elcbereii,  is  about  lO  league*  to 
the  N  of  Trinidad,  and  40  S  orBarbadues. 
It«  length  is  about  3a  miles,  but  its 
breadth  only  about  x%,  and  iti  circumfer- 
ence dbout  80  miles.  The  climate  h  not 
ib  hot  as  might  be  expetSted  io  near  the 
equator ;  and  it  is  faid  that  it  lies  out  of 
the  courfe  of  chofe  hurricanes  that  have 
fometimes  proved  fo  fatal  to  the  other 
W.  India  lHaiids.  It  has  a  fruitful  foil, 
capable  of  producing  fugar,  and  indeed 
every  thing  elfc  that  is  raifed  in  the  W. 
India  iflands,  with  the  addition  (if  we 
may  believe  the  Dutch)  of  the  cinna- 
mon, nutmeg,  and  gum  copal.  It  is  well 
watered  with  numerous  fprings  ;  and 
its  bays  and  rivers  are  fo  dil'p'^fed  as 
to  be  very  commodious  for  all  kinds  of 
fhipping.  The  value  and  importance  of 
this  iflind,  appears  from  the  cxtenfivc  and 
formidable  armaments  fent  thither  in 
fupport  of  their  different  claims.  It  fcems 
to  have  been  chiefly  poflefled  by  the 
Dutch,  who  defended  their  pretcnfinns 
againfl:  both  England  and  France,  with 
t!ie  mod  obdinate  perfeverance.  By  the 
treaty  of  Aiz  la  Chapclle,  in  1748,  it  was 
declared  neutral  ;  though  by  the  treaty 
of  1763,  it  was  yielded  up  to  O.  Britain ; 
but  in  June,  1 781,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French,  and  ceded  to  them  by  the  treaty 
of  1783  ;  and  captured  by  the  BritiOi  in 
1791.    N  lat.  II  16,  W  Ion.  60  30. 

Tnbaffi  Ifland,  Little,  near  the  N  E  ex- 
tremity of  the  above  idand.  It  is  abottt 
2  miles  long,  and  i  broad. 

Toby'i  Cteek,  an  ieaftern  branch  of  Alle- 
ghany river  in  Pennfylvania  :  its  fouthet-n 
head  water  is  called  Little  Toby's  Creek. 
It  runs  about  SS  miles  in  a  W  S  W  and  W 
courfe,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  about 
ao  miles  below  Fort  Franklin.  It  is  deep 
enough  for  batteaux'  for  a  conCdcrable 
•way  tip,  thenc6  by  a  fliort  portage  to  the 
W  branch  of  Si  f  juehahnah,  by  which  t 
conununication  is  formed  between  Ohio, 
and  the  eaftern  parts  of  Pennfylvania. 

Toeayma,  i  city  of  Terr^  Firma,  and  in 
N.  Granada. 

Tozofdhntclei  Creek,  a  water  of  Oiikmul- 
{ee  river,  in  Georgia. 

ToltanJ,  acountyof  Connedlicut,  bound- 
ed N  by  the  State  of  MaiTachufetts,  S  by 
New  London  CO.  E  by  Windham,  «nd  W 
by  Hartford  co.  It  is  fubdivided  into  9 
townfliips,  and  contains  14,3 19  inhabit:iiits. 
A  great  proportion  of  the  county  is  hilly, 
but  the  foil  is  gencraHy  Arong  and  good 
f»r  graHing.  . 


T'olhiitf,  the  chief  town  of  the  abova 
county,  was  incorporated  in  X7IJ,  and  is 
about  18  miles  N  £  of  Hartford.  It  iia« 
a  congregatiunal  church,  court  houfc, 
gaol,  and  26  or  30  houl'es,  compadUy  built, 
in  the  cantre  of  the  town,  and  contains 
1638  inhabitants. 

To/u,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, with  a  harbour  00  i  bay  of  the  N.  Sea. 
The  fathons  balfam  of  the  fame  name 
comes  from  this  place' ;  114  miles  S  W  of 
Carthagena.     N  lat.  9  36,  W  Ion.  75  az. 

Tomaco,  a  Lirge  river  of  Popayan,  and 
Terr^  Firma.  S.  America,  about  9  mili-s  N 
E  of  Galia  Ille.  About  a  league  and  a 
half  withiri  the  river  is  an  Indian  town, 
of  the  fame  name,  and  but  fmall,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  commonly  fupply  fmall 
Veflcls  with  provifions,  when  tlicy  put  iit 
heie  for  refrcflutteut. 

TatKobawk  If.and,  on  the  E  coall  of  Pat- 
agonia, 24  miles  N  £  of  Seal's  Bay. 

Tumba  Ri-ver,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is 
between  the  port  of  Hilo  and  the  river 
of  Xuly  dt  Chuly.  There  is  anchorage 
agaiiifl:  this  river  in  20  fathoms,  and  clean 
ground.     Lat.  ty  50S. 

ToHiiigRee  River,  is  the  dividing  line  be* 
twcen  the  Creeks  and  Cba(Staws.  Above 
the  junction  of  Alabama  and  Mobileriv- 
fers,  the  latter  is  called  the  Tombigbee  riv- 
er, from  the  fort  of  Tombigbee,  on  the 
W  fide  of  it,  about  96  miles  above  the 
town  of  Mobile.  The  fource  of  this  riv- 
er is  reckoned  to  be  40  leagtfcs  higher  up, 
in  the  country  of  the  Chickafaws.  I'he 
fort  of  Tombigbee  was  captured'  by  the 
Britifh, but  abandoned  by  them  in  1767. 
The  riVer  is  navigable  for  floops  and 
fchooners  about  35  leagues  above  the 
town  of  Mobile  :  130  American  familici 
are  fettled  on  this  river,  that  have  been 
Spanifli  fubjedls  fince  1783. 

Tome/obi  Lake,  id  Hatley  townfliip,  Ij. 
Canada,  gives  rife  to  a  fuuthern  branch 
of  St.  Francis  river. 

Totnina,  A  jurifdifUon  in  the  archbifliop- 
fjc  of  La  PlAta  in  Peru.  It  begins  about 
1 8  leagues  S  E  from  the  city  of  Plata ;  on 
its  eaftern  confines  dwell  a  nation  of  wild 
Indians,  called  Chiriguanos.  It  aboundc 
with  wine,  fugar  and  cattle. 

Tomifcamng,  a  lake  of  N.  America,  which 
fends  its  waters  S  E  through  Ottawas  riv- 
er, into  Lake  St.  Francis  iji  St.  Lawrence 
river.  The  line  which  feparates  Upper 
from  Lower  Canada,  runs  np  to  this  lakrt 
a  line  drawn  due  N  until  it  ftrkcs  the 
boundary  line  of  Hudfon's  Bay. 

'Titn/'f"ntf-iin,  a  YilU'ge of  Pfnnfvlvaui*, 

'Mifflir* 


TO  jr 


TOR 


Mifflin  ca  contaiqitig  about  a  dozen  houf- 
t»,  2Z  miles  from  LewiQown. 

Horn's  Creek,  in  N.  Jerfey,  feparatcs  the 
toVrns  of  Dover  and  Shrewibury. 
'  Torifgayon  Bay,  on  Lake  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  oppofite  the  E  end  of  Amhcrd 
Ifland,  lies  between  Kingflon  and  Erned 
Town. 

TanJeh,  a  river  at  the  bottom  of  the 
Gulf  of  Campeachy,  in  the  S  W  part  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  15  miles  W  of  St. 
Annes,  and  34  f  of  Gaufikwalp.  It  is 
bavigable  for  barges  and  other  vefTels  of 
from  50  to  6ot  ns. 

Toitewaiito,  the  name  of  a  creek  and  In- 
dian town,  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  York. 
The  creek  runs  a  wcftward  courfe,  and 
enters  ISfiagara  Rivef  oppoGte  Grand  Ifl- 
and, 8  miles  N  of  Fort  Erie.  It  runs 
about  40  iriiles,  and  is  navigable  a8  miles 
from  its  mouth.  I'he  town  Hands  on  its 
S  fide,  1 8  miles  from  Niagara  River.  Alfo 
the  Indian  name  of  Filliing  Ba]^,oa  Lake 
Ontario. 

'tinigataioo,  one  of  the  Friendly  Iflands, 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  about  60  miles  in 
circuit,  but  rather  oblong,  and  wideft  at 
the  E  end.  It  has  a  rocky  coaft,  except 
to  the  N  fide,  which  is  full  of  Hioals  and 
iflands,  and  the  Chore  is  low  and  fandy. 
It  furnifhes  the  beft  harbour  or  anchor- 
aee  to  be  found  in  thefe  iflands.  The 
iifand  is  all  laid  out  in  plantations,  be- 
tween which  are  roads  and  lanes  for 
travelling,  drawn  in  a  very  judicious 
manner  for  opening  an  eafy  communica- 
tion from  one  part  to  another.  I'he  in- 
habitants are  lefs  warlike  than  favages  in 
general,  mild  and  gentle  in  their  man- 
ners. They  cut  oif  two  joints  of  the  lit- 
tle finger  at  the  lofs  of  a  near  relation. 
They  offer  human  facrificcs  to  their  dei- 
ties. The  Mifllonary  Society  of  London 
have  fcnt  the  gofpcl  to  thefe  poor  pa- 
gans, hut  the  fuctefs  has  hot  equalled 
their  wjflies.  The  gofpel  ill  accords  with 
their  lufts,  too  long  indulged  to  be  eafily 
rcftraincd.  S  lat.  ai  9,  W  long.  174  46. 
VariHtion  of  the  needle,  in  t777,  was  9 

;.^  E. 

Tamanta  Creei,  runs  into  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  the  townfliip  of  Yonge,  U. 
Canada. 

Totticat.     See  Coupee  Point. 

Tjnti,  an  iiland  at  the  mouth  of  Lake 
D'Urfc,  at  the  eaflern  extremity  of  Lake 
Ont.irio,  is  within  the  Britifli  territories  ; 
II  miles  N  E  of  Point  au  Goelans,  and 
II  weft  of  Grand  Ifliind,  having  feverai 
ifles  between  ii  and  the  latter. 

V»t.  I.  <W  «2  g 


fjntl,  or  Tjnty,  a  river  which  empties 
through  the  N  fliorc  of  Lake  Erie  ;  xi 
miles  W  by  N  of  Riviere  a  la  fiarbue. 

'fjiitnral.  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in 
S.  America,  t$  leagues  to  the  N  of  Guaf- 
ca,  and  in  lat.  a;  30  S. 

Toobauai,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands  ia 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  not  more  than  5  or 
6  miles  acrofs  in  any  part.  S  lat.  23  25, 
W  long.  149  »3. 

Toofoa,  one  of  the  Friendly  Ifles.  It  it 
covered  with  forefts,  4  leagues  in  circum- 
ference, mountainous,  and  uninhabited. 
It  lies  near  Kao. 

Toa/cLtondoLb,  an  Indian  vil!agc  on  the  N 
W  co.»ft  of  America,  of  confiderahle  im* 
portaiicf  in  the  fur-trade  ;  fituated  on  a 
point  of  land  between  two  deep  founds. 
N  lat.  53  1,  W  long.  131  30. 

Toituccl),  a  fnMll  lew  ifland  in  Nootka 
Sound,  on  the  N  W  co.ift  of  America,  on 
the  eaftern  (Ide  of  whicli  is  a  couliderable 
Indian  village ;  the  inhabitant*  of  which 
wear  a  garment  apparently  compofcd  of 
wool  and  hair,  moftly  white,  well  fabri- 
cated, and  probably  by  themfelvcs. 

Topia,  a  mountainous,  barren  part  of 
New-Bifcay  province  in  Mexico, N.Amer- 
ica ;  yet  moft  of  the  neighbouring  parti 
are  pleafant,  abounding  with  all  manner 
of  provifions. 

Topsjield,  a  townfhip  of  Maflachufettf, 
EfTex  CO.  containing  789  inhabitants.  It 
is  8  miles  wefleriy  of  Ipfwich,  and  24  N 
by  E  of  Bofton. 

Tapjham,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  in 
Orange  co.  W  of  Newbury,  adjoining.  It 
is  watered  by  I'ome  branches  of  Wait't 
River,  and  contains  344  inhabitants. 

T.pjbam,  a  townfliip  of  Maine,  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N  W  by 
Little  River  ;  N  by  Bowdoin  and  Bow- 
doinham  ;  £  by  Cathancc  and  Merry 
Meeting  Bay  ;  S  and  S  W  by  Amarifcog- 
gin  River,  which  feparates  it  from  Brunf- 
wick.  It  has  942  inhabitants.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1764.  A  few  EnglilTi  at- 
tempted to  fettle  here  in  the  beginning 
of  the  laft  century.  Thefe  were  cut  off 
by  the  natives.  Some  families  ventured 
to  fettle  in  this  hazardous  fituation  in 
1730  ;  from  which  period,  until  the 
peace  of  1763,  the  inhabitants  never  felt 
wholly  fccure  from  the  natives.  U  is  37 
miles  S  by  W  of  Hallowell,  and  156  N  by 
E  of  Buflon. 

Torbay,  a  town  on  the  caflcrn  cos  ft  of 
Nova  Scotia  ;  22  milts  3  W  of  Roaring 
Bull  Ifland,  and  100  N  K  of  Halifax. 

Tnbek,  a  village  on  the  S  fide  of  the  S 

pcninlula 


!■■'•:  !'i 


it,  '■ 


i«-.  Ma 


TOR 


TOW 


peninfula  of  St.  Domingo ;  3  leagues  N 
W  of  Avache  Ifland. 

TormtHtitt  Cape,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Straits  of  Northumberland,  between  the 
ifland  of  St.  John's  and  the  £  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  is  the  N  point  of  the  en- 
trance to  Bay  Vcrtc.  It  is  W  from  Gov- 
ernor's Ifland,  on  the  S  £  coaft  of  the  id- 
and  of  St.  John's.  In  fome  maps  this 
point  is  called  Cafe  Storm. 

Tot  onto,  a  fcttlement  on  the  N  W  bank 

of  Lake  Ontario,  53  miles  N  by  W  of 

Von  Niagara.    N  lat. 44  i,  W  long.  79  10. 

Toronto  Say,  now  called  York  harbour. 

Toronto  River,  called  by  feme  St.  John's 

River,  now  called  the  Humber. 

ftttringtoHfOt  Bedforft  Bay,oa  the  fouth- 
em  coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  and  its  entrance 
is  at  America  Point,  about  3  miles  N  of 
the  towu  of  Halifax.  It  has  from  10  to 
13  fathoms  at  its  mouth,  but  the  bay  h 
almofl:  circular,  and  has  from  14  to  jo 
fathoms  water  in  it.  A  prodigious  fea 
fets  into  it  in  winter. 

Toi-ringtan,  a  townflup  of  Conne«5licut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  N  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  1,417  inhabitants. 

Tortoifet,  The  River  of,  lies  lO  miles 
above  a  lake  lo  miles  long,  and  8  or  10 
broad,  which  is  formed  by  the  Miilifippi 
in  Lnuifiana  and  Florida.  It  is  a  large 
fine  river,  which  runs  into  the  country  a 
good  way  to  the  N  £,  and  is  navigable 
40  miles  by  tiie  largeft  boats. 

Tortile,  Portage  de  la,  at  the  head  of  the 
S  W  branch  of  the  Ottawa  River,  U.  Can- 
ada, near  the  fmail  lake  which  joius  the 
portage  leading  to  Lake  Nc•^>if^ltlg. 

Tirtue,  an  ifland  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  towards  the  N  W 
part,  about  9  leajpacs  long  from  E  to  W, 
and  2  broad.  The  W  end  is  nearly  6 
leagues  from  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Moufl:iquc.  The  freebooters  and  bucca- 
nicrs  drove  the  Spaniards  from  this  ifl- 
and in  163^  ;  in  i6;!8,  the  Spaniards 
maflacrcd  all  the  IVtuch  colony  ;  and  in 
J639,  the  buccanicrs  retook  Tortue.  In 
1^)76,  the  I'ttnth  took  policlliou  of  it 
■gain. 

Tor/vgfs,  Dry,  flioals  foiitli-weftward 
from  Cape  Florida.  Thty  arc  134  IcHgucs 
from  the  bar  of  Pcnfacola,  and  in  lat.  24 
3a  N,  .ind  Inu,^,  83  40  W.  They  conlifl 
of  10  hnall  iilcMids  or  keys,  iiiid  extend  E 
N  E  and  W  S  W  10  or  i^  milts  ;  niuft  of 
thcni  are  covered  with  buflits,  and  may 
hf  fc'u  at  the  diftancc  of  four  leagues. 
The  S  W  key  is  one  of  the  fuirtlleft!  but 
ttic  mult  Hiittcrial  to  be  known,  is   in 


lat.  34  31  N,  and  long.  83  4O  W, 
From  the  S  W  part  of  this  key,  a  reef 
of  coral  rocks  extends  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile;  the  water  upon  it  is  vifibly 
difcoloured. 

Tortugat  Hairbeur,  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, is  60  leagues  E  S  £  from  the  Cape  of 
Arbrafec,  and  the  fliore  is  flat  all  the  way 
from  the  Gulf  of  Maranhao. 

Tortugai,  an  ifland  fo  named  from  the 
great  number  of  turtle  found  near  it,  is 
near  the  N  W  part  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo.     See  Tortue. 

Tortugat,  or  Sal  Tortuga,  is  near  the  W 
end  of  New-Andalufia  and  Terra  Firma. 
It  is  uninhabited,  although  about  30  miles 
in  circumference,  and  abounding  with 
fait.  N  lat.  II  36,  W  long.  65.  It  is  14 
leagues  W  of  Margaritta  Ifland,  and  17 
or  18  from  Cape  Blanco  on  the  main. 
There  are  many  iflands  of  this  name  on 
the  N  coaft  of  S.  America. 

Tortugat  Point,  on  the  coad  of  Chili,  and 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  the  S  point  of 
the  port  of  Coquimbo,  and  7  or  8  leagues 
from  the  Pajoras  Iflands.  Tortugas  road  is 
round  the  point  of  the  fame  name,  where 
fliips  may  ride  in  from  6  to  10  fathoms, 
over  a  bottom  of  blackfand ;  near  a  rock 
called  the  Tortugas.  The  road  is  wtll 
flicltered,  but  will  not  cohtain  above  lo 
or  30  fhips  fafely.  Ships  not  more  than 
100  tons  burthen  may  careen  on  the  Tor- 
tugas rock. 

Tofquiatojfy  Creek,  a  N  head  water  ff 
Alleghany  River,  whofe  mouth  is  E  of 
Squcaughta  Creek,  and  17  miles,  N  W  of 
the  Ichua  Town  ;  which  fee. 

Totoiva,  a  place  or  village  at  the  Great 
Falls  in  Paflaik  River,  N.  Jerfey. 

Tottery,  a  river  which  empties  through 
the  S  E  bank  of  the  Ohio,  aad  is  uavi^iu- 
blc  with  batteaux  to  the  Occafioto  Moun- 
tains. It  is  a  long  river,  and  has  I  v 
branches,  and  interlocks  with  Red  Cr.  ':, 
or  Clir.che's  River,  a  branch  of  the  "  tii- 
nelTee.  It  has  btlow  the  mountains,  tl- 
pecially  for  ij  milts  from  its  mouth,  very 
gond  land. 

.  Toulon,  a  townll.Jp  of  N.  York,  in  On- 
tario co.  fn  1796, 1/3  of  the  inhabitAiits 
were  elccStors, 

Tower/All,  a  village  in  the  townfliip  of 
S.  Kingftown,  Rhodc-Idand,  where  a  poft 
ofiice  is  kept.  It  is  to  miles  Wof  New- 
port, 

Town/end,  a  town  in  Norfolk  co.  TI. 
Canada,  lies  in  the  rear  and  N  of  Wood- 
honfe. 

TownJhenJ,  a  townfliip  of  Windham  co 
».  Vermoi'ti- 


T  R  E 


T  R  I 


t  the  Great 


Vermont,  W  of  Wcftminfter  and  Putney, 
containing  1,083  inhabitants. 

Toivtijhend,  a  harbour  on  the  coad  of 
Maine,  where  is  a  bold  harbour,  having 
nine  fathoms  water,  flicltered  from  all 
tvinds.  High  water,  at  full  and  change, 
45  minutet  after  ic  o'clock. 

Townjlend,  a  townfliip  of  Middlcfcx  co. 
MafTacbufctts,  containing  1,149  inhabit- 
ants, 45  miles  nortliward  of  Boftnn. 

Tracoducbe,  now  Garlelon,  a  fctttlement 
on  the  N  &de  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  j 
leagues  from  the  great  river  Cafquipihi- 
ac,  in  the  S  W  dire(ftion.  It  is  a  place  of 
condderable  trade  in  cod-iifli,  &c.  Be- 
tween the  townfliip  and  the  river  Cafqul- 
pibiac  is  the  fmall  village  of  Maria. 

TianifulUity,  a  place  in  SufTex  co.  New 
Jerfey,  B  miles  S  of  Newtown. 

Trap,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Maryland, 
about  6  miles  S  £  of  Oxford. 

Trap,  Tie,  a  village  of  Pennfylvania,  in 
Montgomery  co.  having  about  a  dozen 
houfes,  and  a  German  Lutheran  and  Cal- 
vinid  church  united.  It  is  1 1  miles  from 
Pottfgrove,  and  26  from  Philadelphia. 

Traf,  a  village  in  Somerfet  co.  Mary- 
land, at  the  head  of  Wicomico  Creek,  a 
branch  of  the  river  Wicomico,  7  miles  S 
W  of  Salifbury,  and  6  Nof  Princef«  Ann. 

'Traptown,  a  village  of  Frederick  co. 
Maryland,  on  Cotodtin  Creek,  between 
the  South  and  Cotoiflin  Mountains,  and 
7  miles  S  W  of  Frcdericktown. 

Ttovcr/e  Bay,  Great,  lies  on  the  N  E 
corner  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  nar- 
row entrance,  and  fets  up  into  the  land 

5  E,  and  receives  Travetfe  River  from 
the  eaft. 

treadhaven  Cretk,  a  fmall  branch  of 
Choptank  River. 

Trtafis  IJlanJt,  form  a  part  of  Mr. 
Sliortland's  New  Georgia,  (Surville's  Ar- 
chipelago of  the  Arfacides)  lying  from 

6  38  to  7  30  S  lat.  and  from  153  3.^  to 
156  E  long,  from  Greenwich.  Sec  A>fa- 
tidis,  &c. 

Tiencbe  Mont  River,  a  fmall  river  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf  of  ijt. 
Lawrence. 

Tr^'oibic,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  having  47  inhabitants. 

Trent,  a  fmall  river  of  North  CHroiina, 
which  falls  into  Neus  River,  at  Newbern. 
It  is  navigable  for  fea  veflel?,  1%  miles 
above  the  town,  and  fur  boats  20.  See 
Ncus. 

Trtnton,  one  of  the  largeft  towns  in'N. 
Jerfey,  and  the  metropolis  of  th»  State,  in 
Hunterdon  so.  on  the  £  tide  •i  Delaware 


River,  oppofite  the  fails,  and  nearly  iff 
the  centre  of  the  State  from  N  to  S.  'The 
river  is  not  nM'igable  above  the fe  falU, 
except  for  boats  wliich  will  carry  from 
■500to  70obulhel8  of  whe;!t.  Thin  town, 
with  Lanibcrton,  which  joins  it  on  tlie>S, 
contains  about  300  houfes,  and  z,ooo  in- 
habitants. Here  tlie  iigillaturc  ftatcdiy 
meets, the  fuprcme  court  fits,  and  mod  of 
the  public  officts  are  kept.  The  inhabit- 
ants havelately  ere(5tcd  a  handfonie  court- 
houfc,  too  feet  by  30,  with  a  femi-hexa- 
gon  at  each  end,  over  which  is  a  baluf- 
tf adc.  Here  are  alfo  a  church  for  Kpif-  *» 
copalians,  one  .^or  Prefliyterians,  one  for 
Methodifts,  and  a  Qnaker  meeting  lioufe. 
In  the  neighbourhood  of  this  pleafant 
town  arc  a  number  of  gentlemen's  feats, 
finely  fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware, and  ornamented  with  tafleand  ele- 
gance. Hcret  is  a  flouriihing  academy. 
It  is  I  a  miles  S  W  of  Princeton,  30  from 
Brunfwick,  30  N  E  of  Philadelphia,  an<l 
176  from  Wafliington.  N  lat.  40  15,  W 
long.  74  15. 

Trenton,  k  fmall  port  town  of  Maine, 
Hancock  co.  1%  miles  W  by  S  of  Sullivan, 
31  N  E  by  E  of  Penobfcot,  286  N  E  of 
Bofton.  This  town  is  near  Defert  Ifland, 
and  has  294  inhabitants. 

Trenton,  the  chief  town  of  Jones'  co.  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  S  fide  of  I'rent  River. 
It  contains  195  inhabitants,  a  court  houfe 
and  gaol.  It  is  J2i  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Trenton,  a  poft  town  in  Oneida  co.  I^evf 
York,  508  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Trepojfi  Bay,  or  Tre/poffes  Bay,  and  Har' 
bour,Qni\\e  Slide  of  Newfoundland  Ifland, 
near  the  S  £  part,  and  about  21  miles  to 
the  northweflward  of  Cape  R;ice,  the  S  E 
point  of  the  ifland.  The  harbour  is  large, 
well  fecurcd,  and  the  ground  good  to  an- 
cboi  in. 

Triarg'e  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of 
the  Bahamiis.  N  lat.  20  5 1 ,  W  longitude 
6953. 

'Trhugte  Shaah,  lie  weftward  f)f  the  pc- 
ninfula  of  Yiicat<iu,  ne.ur  the  E  fliore  of 
tiie  Bay  of  Cair.pcachy,  nearly  W  of  Cape 
Condecedo.     N  lat.  17  5,  W  long.  1 11  59. 

Ttirfic  Biiy,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  is  nearly  due  S  from  Bonair  IflMiid, 
one  of  the  Little  Antilles,  E  of  Curaflou 
Illand. 

Tticjle  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  Gulf  of  CampcRchy,  W  of 
Fort  Royal  Iflaud,  about  3  leagues  from 
E  to  W.  The  cretk  which  ft|)arate8  it 
from  Port  Royal  Uland  is  ftarcciy  broad 

enou^U  • 


l'»  1 

'  Mi'l 

' '  Br  'i 

'''W 

1 

'"/I 

, 

.'  ^miA 

flPH 

fill 

m 

'j  ■ffii' 


enough  to  admit  a  canoe.  Good  frefli 
water  will  bf  got  hy  digging  5  or  6  feet 
deep  in  the  fait  rami ;  at  a  Icfs  depti)  it  h 
brackifh  and  laic,  and  iit  a  greater  depth 
than  6  feet  it  is  fait  again. 

TfinitfuJ,  a  fmalt  iflaud  in  the  S.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  E  of  Spiritu  Santo,  in  Brazil. 
&  lat.  20  30,  W  lung.  41  20.  It  is  alfo 
called  Trinity. 

TrinUiiJ,  or  TrinUaJa  IJland,  near  the 
coafl  of  Terra  Firma.  It  partly  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Patia,  or  Bocca  del  Drago, 
.and  is  much  largf  r  than  any  other  upon 
the  coafl.  It  !.  36  leagues  in  length,  and 
18  or  20  in  breadth,  hut  the  climate  is 
rathtr  unhealthy,  and  little  of  it  is  clear, 
ed.  The  current  fets  fo  Aiong  along  the 
coail  from  £  to  W,  as  to  rtnder  mod  of  its 
bays  and  harbours  ufelefs.  It  produces 
fugar  fine  tobacco,  indigo,  ginger,  a  vari- 
ety ot  fruit,  fon\e  cotton,  and  Indian  (;orn. 
It  was  taken  hy  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  jn 
1.595,  3"d  ^'y  the  French  in  1676,  wHo 
plundered  the  illand,  and  extorted  money 
from  the  inhaltitants.  It  wa^  capturjed 
by  the  Britiih  in  Feb.  1797.  It  is  fituate d 
between  59  and  62  W  long,  and  in  10  N 
lat.  The  N  £  point  lies,  in  lat.  10  J$  K« 
and  long.  59  37  W.  The  chief  town  is 
St.  Jofeph. 

Trittidud,  La,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the 
province  of  Guatimala, ,  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  Belen,  1%  miles  from  the  fea; 
but  the  road  isatmoll  impaiTableby  land. 
It  is  70  miles  S  £  of  Guatimaia,  and  24 
£  of  La  Conception.  N  lat.  13,  W  long. 
9*  "o. 

Trinidad,  La, on  the  N  coaft  of  the  Ifth- 
mus  of  D;irien,  licb  call\^ard  of  Docca  del 
Toro,  und  fome  cluftt-rs  of  fmall  iflands, 
and  S  W  of  Porto  Bello  and  Fort  Chagre. 
N  lat.  8  JO,  \V  long.  81  }<; 

TiiniJad,  or  La  So,./(j»jte  Pert,  a  town 
on  a  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  6^ 
miles  S  E  of  Petapa,  and  164  from  the 
town  of  Guatimala,  Alt  the  goods  that 
arefent  from  Peru  and  Mexico  to  Acax- 
atla,  about  12  miles  from  it,  are  brought 
to  this  port.  It  is  9  miles  from  the  town 
to  the  harbour  which  is  much  frequented, 
and  is  a  place  of  great  trade;  being  the 
ncHreft  landing  to  Guatimala  for  (hips 
that  come  from  Peru, Panama,and  Mexico, 

Trinidad,  La,  one  of  the  fcapotts  on 
the  S  part  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  N  W  of 
the  W  tnd  of  the  groupc  of  illat^ds  called 
Jardiii  de  la  Reyna,  J{  lat.  21  40,  W 
lon(».  80  .50. 

Ti  iniJ-id,  La,  an  open  town  of  Vciagua, 
and  audience  of  TJ^xico, 


t  R  6 

Trinidad  Ciamitf  lias  the  illana  oC  To- 
bago oil  the  N  W|  a^d  that  of  I'rimdad 
on  the  S. 

Trinidad,  or  Trinitj,  a  town  of  New 
Granada  and  Terra  Firnu,.in  S.  Americs, 
about  23  miles  N  tof  St.  Fc. 

Trinity  Bay,  on  the  4  f>de  of  Iklewfound- 
land  Ifland,  between  lat. '47  53  30,  and 

48  37  N.  ,    i  -  .  . 

Trinity  Fort,  a  lar^e  bay  of  Mariinico 
Ifland,  in  the  W.  Ind-^s,  formed  on  the  S 
E  by  Poiiit  Caravelle         

Trinity  IJe  lies  near  the  coaft  of  Pata- 
gonia, in  S.  America,  t  ut  York'  lAands. 
Slat.  5037.  „,       , 

Trinity  Ut,  the  nortneafteTQinQft  of  the 
fmall  illands  on  the  S  £  coaft  of  the  penin- 
fula  of  Alalka,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  A. 
merica,  N  £  of  Foggy  Iflancls.     , 

Trio,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  S. 
America.  •    4.     ' 

'ftifio,  a  bay  on  the  iH  coaftof  S.  Amer- 
ica, is  W  S  W  of  the  river  Turiano.  It 
has  good  anchorage,  and  is  well  weltered 
from  the  fwell  of  the  fea.  ^   , 

frMgHio  Bay,  ill  tlie  GuU  of  Honduras, 
Oiorc  of  the  QyXi  ofJWaicyj  i»  with, 
in  the  Ifland  of  Cities.  Dulcc  River  lies 
a  little  W.  ....  > 

Xrocadfe,  z  fmall  ifland  6h  the  N  coaft 
of  the  ifland  of  St,  Johii's,  lying  off  the 
niouth  of  Shimcne  Port,  and  in  the  Criilf 
of  St.  Lawrence. 

Troit  Hivieret,  a  bay  at  ^he  £  epd  of 
j  the.^  above  mentioned  idaiid  of  St.  John's^ 
and  W  of  (!!ape  Breton  Iflajnid.  Three 
ftrcanis  fall  into  it  from  djiOrercht  direc- 
tions; hence  its  name.  N  lat.  465,  W 
!  Ion;:;.  6a  15.  _,  . 

Ttoii  Ri-uitres,  or  the  Tlrte  Jlivers,  a 
town  of  Lower  Canada,  fctile4  by  the 
French  in  x6to,  I'he^tuwn  ftands  oq^ 
the  northern  banic  of  the  St.  Laurrence 
a^  that  part  of  tlie  river  called  Lake 
St.  Pierre.  It  is  bpt  thinly  inhabited, 
though  commudioufly  fituatcd  for  the 
fur  tiade,^and  was  formerly  the  feat  of 
the  French  governmtnt,  and  the  grand 
mart  to  which  the  natives  rcfortcd.  It  u 
p!eai';<ntly  fituated  in  a  fectiic  couutry, 
about  jO  miles  S  W  of  Quebec.  The  in- 
habirants  are  moftly  rich,  and  have  ele- 
gant, well  furiiinicd  houfes,  and  the  coun- 
try round  wears  a  fine  appearaucct  N 
lat.  46  J  I,  W  long.  75  IS- 

Trompeaur,  Cape,  del  Enganna,  or  Fdljt 
Cape,  is  the  eafternmud  point  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  N  lat.  18  2j,  \t  long, 
from  Paris  71. 

Tropick  Kn't  are  tiiall  illaniU  or  tocks, 

N 


V 


^ 


if  of  Crib  HifA&f  and  off  the  1^  eoad^  of 
Potto  tiieo  lilahd.  A  nuniber  of  tropic 
bird*  btted  here,  Whl^H  He  a  fpfeticB 
never  fecib  btii    between    the   tropics, 

Tro^'uoet,  a  bay  sit  the  fou'tKe'rh  cxtrcni- 
ity  of  tHtf  caftei-ti  ^af V  of  Lake  Huron, 
fei^iirattitl  frpih  IliAAt<ihudot:h  Biy  oil  the 
l4  ^  by  a  broad  pl:piA&htory. 

Tr'oaitjyaf  a  A  ifland  oid  the  N  cPa(l  bf 
S.  Ai%rica,  in  the  liiOuth  dt  a  fVnalJ  bay 
Aear  Caipe  Si:co,  i  £hbtl  way  A  E  from 
tiie  £  poini  of  the  bliy  or  rivef  Taia- 
tura,'  .    . ,     .  I 

7'roji  yaeoi,OU  the  S  fide  of  St.  Dothln- 

)i  From  this  to  Cab^  Beate,  or  Cape  a 
oiix,  the  flipre  ii  roacyi 

^rou,  te,  a  fcttiement  iii  the'l^  part  6i 
tlic  French  divliibn  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
pdmingo.^  :ifflat'.  ^9  3,Ji  W  lbii|.  frdm 
I'ai'iy74  aai  j    ■ 

froyy  a  pod  tbwnri  of  If.  York,  Renflel- 
laer  cp.  6  milet  it'pf  Allilahy,3  S  of  L^H- 
fingbiirgh  city,  arid  4^^  froin  Wafliingtoh, 
on  the  t  bank  of  Hudl'bti  ^itt.  The 
tbwnbiip  of  Troy  is  bounded  E  by  Peteiff* 
fturg,  and!.w!as  taken  frbilt  Reiliicllacr- 
«/|rck  towhihip,  suid  in.cbrpOi'ated  in  ii^  t. 
In.  170^ j  jip  of  |he'  inhabitants  were 
cfei^rs,  and  in  iSoo,  th^  wHole  riuniber 

lijas'  ^%(>  in  f^^9'  }^^  ^'^''^  P^  ^'"' 
flburiinipg  city  was  Covered  with  fTocks 
and  Herds.  .  j  t     1 

'  Tiumtult,  a,  ^(t  tbwii  iii  iPairfield  CO. 
Conneiflifut,  309  miles  from  Wafliingtoii. 
Jt  has  ^,391  inhabitants. 

TrunilHl{,  a  coiinty  of  tli^  State  of  6fiio, 
iVbbiinded  £  by  tKi;  weltern  line  of  ^eiiri- 
fylvania,  N  by  Lake  t!rK,  ^  by  the  p^i*- 
allel  of  41  ii  lat.  exte'ndinjg  W  110  miles 
on  the.  S  line,  einhracihg  the  whol£  of 
ijhat  ii  called'^ JViw  Cnn^u^t.    f  hefe  is 
a  water  communicatibn  between  St.  Law- 
rcfice  arid  Mitfifippi,  except  gortagesatfli- 
agara,  Three  Rivers,  and  from  the  Cayu- 
ga to  Miilkirigum,  8  miles,  the  whole  not  | 
exceeding  30  miles.     On  Lake  $r'ie  arc  ai  | 
veflels  ^tom  40  to  aoo  tons,  employed  in  j 
trarifpoi-tatiori  of  furs^  fait,  Englith  goods,  ' 
&^.  &c.  acrofs  the  lake.     This  county  in  ; 
1806  had  1,303  irihabitaritsL    Th^  couilty  ' 
town,  JP'arren,  is  76  miles  N*  W  from  Pittf- 
bu'rgri. 

7V«r«,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Hali- 
fax cp^  at  the  head  of  the  Bafin  of  Minas, 
pppofite  to,  and  3  miles  foiitherly  of  Onf- 
low ;  40  miles  N  by  V?"  of  Halifax,  and 
40  from  Pidtoi|i.  It  was  fettled  by  tTie 
Worth  Irirti',  fome  Scotch',  and  the  de- 
fcendanis  of  North  Irilh.  Through  this 
tswQ  rj^t  tliic  river  called  by  the  lodiins 


■r\ 


f  R  tr 

Sh{ibbetia6adre,  nilvigablfc'  for  boats  t^ 
within  9  miles  of  Fott  Saclcville. 

Truro,  a  poft  town  of  BU-nftable  cb. 
MaiTachufetts,  lies  between  lat.  41  37, 
ihi  43  4  N>  and  between  loU^.  70  4  abd 
7b  s'3  W,  It  is  on  the  tanernmblb  p»r[ 
of  the  pcninfula  of  Cape  Cod,  57  milet 
St  £  of  Bodon,  in  a  itrai^t  'ine,  but 
as  the  road  runs  it  is  126,  and  46  front 
thi:  court  houfe  of  tiarnftable.  It  h  the 
Pi.iiiet  6t  the  Indians,  and  after  its  fettle- 
riii;h^  in  1700,  was  Ibnie  time  called  /^//n- 
gtrjiclii  it  was  incorporattd  ondtr  its 
plrefent  name  in  1709,  and  contains  1,15a 
inhabitaiits.  Only  ohe  family  uf  Indians 
retniliiied  a  few  years  flnce,  and  lived  un 
Pamet  PtinU  In  the  Vallty  calJcd  Great 
dolloyjy  a  cretk  tti*  up  froth  the  bay,  at 
the  tiiouth  of  whlcli  is  a  tide  harbour. 
I'he  other  laridlng  plates  are  of  fma|l 
note.  Pdmit  Harbour  is  about  iao  y.irds 
wide  at  the  mouth,  but  is  wider  within ; 
diid  if  repaired  woiild  be  of  piUblic  utility. 
it  liet  above  3  leagues  S  E  of  Cape  Cod 
harjbdur.  The  hill  on  which  the  riicetiug- 
hdiift  (lands,  branches  from  the  high 
laiid  of  Ca^ie  Cod,  we-ll  knb^n  to  feailieu. 
Thi;  nioiintaiti  Of  clay  in  Truro,  in  the 
riiidit  of  fdndy  hill;*','  fecriis  to  haVe  beieit 
placed  th^e  by  the  God  of  idaturtJ,  to 
fervc  as  a  foundation  for  a  "^t-hbiifd, 
whichi  if  efedled',  might  frtve  the  liVe's  bf 
tiipiifahds,  arid  millions  of  prbp(.rty.  The 
fbit  of  Truro  is,  in  riioft  places,  fandy', 
like  PrbvincetoWn ;  and  the  iiihahitants 
derive  their  principal  ful/fiflcnci  itcn<\. 
the  fea,  whiqh  here  abounds  with  Vi«ft 
variety  of  ^fli.  Grealt  pa*t  of  their  corn 
and  vegetables  arc  procured  from  Boftbri 
and  the  h'eighbouriug  towns.  Two  in- 
habitants of  Truro,  CaptVihs  Dslvid 
Smith  and  Gamaliel  Collings,  were  the 
firl^  who  adventured  to  Falkland  Iflands 
in  purfuit  of  whales.  This'  voyage,  which 
was  crowned  with  fuccels,  was  uudcrcak- 
eh  in  1774,  by  the  advice  Of  Admiral 
Montague  of  the  Britifli  navy.  Thi 
whale. men  of  Truro  now  vifit  the  ctfafl  of 
Guirii:^  and  Bra/il.  Many  of  the  maners 
of  Hiips  employed  from  Boflon  and  other 
^orts,  are  natives  of  Truro.  The  eldcrij* 
riien  and'  frnaTI  boys  remain  at  horiid  to 
cultivate  the  ground;  the  refl:  are  ar  fea 
^ds  of  the  year.  The  women  arc  gcritr- 
ally  employed  in  fpinuing,  weaving,  knit- 
ting, &c. 

Truxillt,  A  bay,  harbour,  and  town,  at 
the  bottom  of  St.  Giles's  Bay,  ou  iheeoaft 
of  Honduras,  in  the  gulf  of  that  n^me. 
The  bay  is  about  6  Oiiles  broad,  l)eing 

deep 


"!»'•& 

.!■«" 


'SM 


T  U  C 


T  U  L 


■Icrp  and  fecure,  and  defended  by  a  caf- 
tle ;  but  it  hai  little  trade.  The  town 
ftands  about  a  leajjue  from  the  North 
<Sea,  between  two  rivers,  the  mouths  of 
which,  with  fome  iflands  before  them, 
form  the  harbour.  The  country  is  ex- 
ceedingly fruitful  in  corn  and  grapes,  and 
niit\»ithAand!ng  the  heat  of  the  climate, 
irery  populous.  The  city  is  defended  by 
a  thick  wall  towards  the  lea,  aud  is  in- 
•cccflihlc  but  by  a  narrow,  Aecp  afeent. 
.The  cadle  joins  to  the  wall,  and  (lands  on 
a  hill.  Behind  the  city  are  high  moun- 
tains. It  lies  300  miles  N  £  of  Amapal- 
.la.    N  lat.  15  ao,  W  long.  85  j6. 

truxitht  the  firfl  diocefe  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Lima,  in  Peru. 

TruxUJo,  a  bay  or  haibour,  and  one  of 
the  principal  cities  of  the  province  of  the 
fame  name  in  Peru,  is  11  leagues  from 
Chocope,  and  80  N  W  of  Lima  ;  and  ac- 
cording to  Ulloa,  the  city  lies  in  lat.  8  6 
3  S,  and  long.  77  50  W.  It  fiands  in  the 
▼alley  of  CImno,  on  a  fmall  river,  al>out 
Ibalf  a  league  from  the  lea  ;  ia  furround- 
ed  with  a  brick  wall,  and  from  its  circuit 
may  be  claiTed  aniong  cities  of  the  third 
order.  Two  leagues  to  the  northward  is 
the  port  of  Guanchaco,  the  channel  of  its 
ftade.  The  houfes  make  an  elegant  ap- 
pearance, Vcing  generally  of  brick,  with 
fiately  balconies  and  fupcrb  porticoes. 

truxillo,  or  Nijita  Seitlora  de  la  Pax,  9, 
town  of  New  Granada  (Venezuela)  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  125  miles  S 
of  Maracaibo  Lake ;  on  the  S  bank  of 
which  lake  is  a  village,  called  Trtixillo, 
dependent  on  this  city.  The  city  is  in 
lat.  9  at  N,  and  long.  69  15  W. 

Tryou  Mouittaini,  in  N.  Carolina,  lie  N 
tV  of  the  town  of  Salilbuiy,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  the  State  of  TenncH'ec. 

fuapt,  the  chief  town  of  the  divifiou  of 
iSenora,  in  Ntw  Mexico. 

7ul-a:,  a  fmall  illand,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  in  the  S.  r.iciiic  Ocean,  is  about  4 
or  5  leagues  to  the  N  by  W,  or  N  N  W 
from  Bolabola.  S  lat.  16  la.Wlong.  iji  44. 

Tucapee,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and  the 
W  ftdr  of  S.  America,  is  on  the  S.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  10  leagues  N  N  E  from  Rio 
Imperial,  and  10  to  the  ifland  of  Santa 
Maria,  or  St.  Mary. 

t»Ua'.>aUl)tch  a  town  of  the  Creek  na- 
tion of  Iniiian*. 

TujkaLoc  Crfti,  in  Maryland,  Talbot  co. 
a  branch  of  Choptank  River. 

Ticitrion,  the  port  of  entry  for  the  dif- 
tritfl  of  Little  Egg  Harbour,  in  the  State 
tti  N.  Jtrfey. 


Tucierhti,  a  pod  town  in  Burlington  t*. 
N.  Jerfcy,  aoi  miles  from  Wafliiogton. 

Vtucuman,  a  province  of  S.  America,  To 
called  from  a  tribe  of  Indians,  and  in  the 
S  W  divifion  of  Paraguay.  It  is  bound- 
ed N  partly  by  Los  Chicas,  in  Peru,  and 
partly  by  Chaco  ;  S  by  Cayo  and  Pam- 

[las  ;  E  by  Paraguay  Proper,  and  Rio  de 
a  Plata  ;  and  W  by  St.  Jago,  in  Chili, 
and  the  S  end  of  Chicas ;  extending  it- 
felf  from  Rie  Vermego  to  Rio  Quarto, 
almoft  from  lat.  34  to  34  S,  and  from  £ 
to  W,  where  broadeR,  from  the  river  Sa- 
lado  to  the  ridge  of  the  Cordillera,  fepa- 
rating  it  from  Chili,  almoft  from  loiig.  6z 
to  69  30  W.  The  climate  is  healthy  and 
temperate.  The  lands  are  rich  and  well 
cultivated,  efpecially  towards  Chili,  with 
fome  defart  cantons  towards  the  Magel- 
lanic Gde.  Its  two  principal  rivers  are 
Dolce  and  Saiado,  that  is,  the  fwcet  and 
fait  ones  ;  belide  innumerable  fmaller 
ftreams.  The  natives  are  fomcwhat  civil- 
ized by  the  Spaniards,  and  cover  them- 
felves  with  their  woollen  and  cotton  man- 
ufadlures,  and  live  in  villages. 

Tue'uyoy  a  town  of  New  Granada,  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  N.  America.  It  fiands 
in  a  valley  of  the  fame  name,  every 
where  furrounded  by  mountains.  The 
air  is  very  healthy,  and  the  foil  fruitful, 
and  a  river  divides  the  place.  It  is  200 
miles  S  of  Maracaibo  city.  N  lat.  7  10, 
W  long.  68  36.' , 

Tufunborougb,  a  town  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
in  Strafford  co.  on  the  N  £  fide  of  I..ake 
Winipifeogee,  adjoining  Wolfborough, 
containing  357  inhabitants. 

Tygulo  River,  in  Georgia,  is  the  main 
branch  of  Savannah  River.  The  other 
great  branch  is  Keowee,  which  joining 
with  the  other,  1$  miles  N  W  «»f  the 
northern  boundary  of  Wilke's  co.  form 
the  Savannah.  Some  branched  of  the 
Tugulo  rife  in  the  State  of  TcnncfTcc. 
A  refpedbible  traveller  relates  that  in  ten 
minutes,  having  walked  his  horfe  mod- 
erately, he  tailed  of  Tugulo,  Apalachico- 
la,  and  HiwafTee  Rivers. 

Tuich'.ir  nm  Creei,  in  the  State  of  New- 
YorL^  ''^  i'j  miles  above  Schenedlady.  £ 
of  the  creek  is  a  curious  Indian  infcrip- 
tinn. 

Tulfy,  one  of  the  military  townfhips  of 
Oaondago  co.  N.  York,  having  Sempro- 
nius  W,  and  Fabius  £.  It  is  within  the 
jurifdidlion  of  Pompcy,  lies  29  miles  S  £ 
of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake,  and  has  a 
pod  office. 

Tu/febcticn,  a  branch  of  (he  Schuylkill, 

which 


t  U  R 


T  U  R 


igton  c*. 
sgton. 
erica,  fo 
id  in  the 
t  liound> 
>erU(  and 
[»d  Pam- 
d  Rio  de 
in  Chili, 
:nding  it- 

Quaito, 
i  from  S 

river  Sa- 
cra, fepa- 
[1  long.  6» 
althv  and 
1  and  well 
:hili,  witU 
le  Magel- 
rivers  are 
fwcet  and 
e    rmaller 
what  civi!- 
ivet  them- 
otton  man- 

ahadai and 
,  It  (land* 
line,  every 
:ains.  The 
oil  fruitful. 
It  is  aoo 
lat.  7  lo, 

iampfhire, 
ide  of  I^akc 
ilfborough. 

Is  the  main 

The  other 

lich  joining 

■  W  of  the 

;'s  CO.  form 

:hei  of  the 

Tcnneflee. 

.  that  in  ten 

hoffe  mod- 

kpalachico- 

late  of  New- 
edtady.     E 
[iab  infcrip- 

lownfhips  of 
Ing  Scmpro- 
\  within  the 
L9  miles  S  £ 
\,  and  has  a 

:  Schuylkill, 
which 


which  empties  Into  that  river  at  Reading. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  in  I^ancader  co.  6  miles  W  of  Mid- 
dletown,  and  65  N  W  of  Philadelphia. 
Tulpchocken  Creek  or  River,  and  Quita- 
pahilla,  head  within  4  miles  of  each  oth- 
er. The  water  communication  between 
Schuylkill  and  Sufqoehannah  muft  be 
formed  over  a  tra<fl  of  country  of  about 
40  milet  in  extent,  from  river  to  river,  in 
a  flraight  line  ;  but  about  60  miles  as  the 
navigation  mud  ga  This  traift  is  cut  by 
the  above  two  creeks.  The  bottom  of 
the  canal,  through  which  the  navigation 
mud  pafs,  will  not  here  rife  more  than 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  head  wa- 
ters of  the  above  two  creeks :  nor  fo  much 
as  2GO  feet  above  the  level  of  the  waters 
of  Sufquehannah  or  Schuylkill. 

Tumiez,  a  town  in  the  road  to  Lima 
and  Peru,  in  S.  America,  7  leagues  from 
Salto,  a  place  for  landing  goods  configned 
to  this  place,  and  in  lat.  3  1 3  16  S.  Near 
this  town  is  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
which  empties  into  the  bay  of  Guayaquil. 
It  has  near  70  cane  houfes. 

Tumbling  Dam,  on  Delaware  River,  is 
about  22  miles  above  Trenton. 

7uHbridge,  a  town(hip  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  la  miles  W  of  Thetford.  It 
•ontains  1,314  inhabitants. 

Tuttia.  a  city  of  New  Granada,  in  Terra 
Firma. 

Tuxja,  a  town  of  New  Granada  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America.  Near  it  are 
mines  of  gold  and  emeralds.  The  air  U 
temperate,  and  the  foil  fruitful.  It  is 
about  30  miles  S  W  of  Truxillo.  N  lat. 
4  5t,  W  long.  72  10. 
Tunkers.  Sec  Ephrofa. 
Tunlbannack,  a  pod  town  and  crcck  in 
Luzerne  co.  Pcnnfylvania.  The  creek  is 
a  water  of  Sufquehannali. 

Tjptnambas,  the  name  of  a  famous  na- 
tion who  inhabited  Brazil  nn  its  lird  dif- 
covery  by  the  Poituguefe.  They  left  their 
chief  abode  about  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and 
wandered  up  to  the  parts  near  th^  Ama- 
zon, where  the  Tapayos  are  now  the  de- 
fcendauts  of  that  brave  people.  Their 
niigration  and  hiftoryarc  fully  dcfcribed 
by  Father  D;»cunha. 

Tura  Bav.ia.,  a  fpacious  ])lain  of  Peru, 
in  S,  America,  at  the  extremity  of  which 
dands  the  city  of  Oi^ito.  To  this  plain 
there  is  a  road  from  GiKiyiiqui]. 

Tutbet,  a  towulliip  of  Peniirylvania,on 
S'lfquehaniiah  River. 

Tiiriiino,  a  river  on  tlie  N  cobII  of  S. 
Anic'rica,  3  Icngues  K  of  the  iflauds  Sir- 


barata.  Near  it  is  a  fait  pond  which  fur- 
niflies  all  the  coad  with  fait,  and  there  i« 
harbour  and  road  for  (liips  to  ride'  in. 

Turin,  a  pod  town  in  Oneida  co.  N« 
York,  536  miles  from  Wadiington. 

Turtey,  a  fmall  town  of  N.  Jerfcy,  Ef- 
fez  CO.  14  miles  N  W  of  Elizabeth  Town. 

Turkey  Font,  in  Youghiogany  River,  is 
the  point  of  jun<Slion  of  the  great  d 
Branch,  Little  Croffings  from  the  S  }•:,. 
and  N  Branch  from  the  northward.  It 
is  35  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
1%  miles  S  S  W  of  Berlin,  in  Ptnnfylva- 
nia,  and  36  N  £  of  Morgantown.    N  lat. 

39  44- 

Turkey  Point,  a  promontory  on  the  N 
fide  of  Lake  Erie,  oppoGte  to  Prefqiie 
Ifle,  on  the  S  fide,  about  50  miles  acrofs. 

Turkey  Point,  at  the  head  of  Chefapeak 
Bay,  is  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
waters  of  the  bay  on  the  N  W,  and  thofe 
of  Elk  River  on  the  S  E.  It  is  about  ijf 
miles  S  W  of  Elkton,  and  44  N  £  of  An- 
napolis. Here  the  Btitifli  army  landed, 
in  Augud,  1777,  before  they  advanced  to 
Philadelphia. 

Turkt  ^an</r,  feveral  fmall  iHands  in  the 
W.  Indies,  about  35  leagues  N  £  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  The  Berumdians 
frequently  come  hither  and  make  a  great 
quantity  of  fait,  and  the  fliips  which  fail 
from  St.  Domingo  commonly  pafs  within 
fight  of  them.     N  lat.  21  18,  W  long.  71  5. 

Turner,  a  townfliip  of  Maine.  Cumber- 
land CO.  on  the  W  bank  of  Androfcoggin 
River,  which  divides  it  ftom  Green  in 
Lincoln  co.  It  was  incorporated  in  1786, 
contains  722  inhabitants,  172  miles  N  of 
Bodon,and3i  S  W  ofHaliowcll.  .  Tiven- 
ty  mile  Stream  runs  through  the  niiJdIeof 
this  townfliip,  and  falls  into  the  Great 
Amarifkoggin  River  oppofice  the  planta- 
tion of  Littleborough,  and  about  5  miles 
below  TLirty  mile  Stream. 

Turtle  IJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
nearly  a  league  long,  j>nd  not  half  fo 
broad.  It  is  furrouuddd  by  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks,  that  have  no  foundings  with- 
out them.  Slat.  19  49,  W  long  177  57. 
Turtle  Creel,  in  Pennfylv.iiiia,  a  fmall 
dream  which  empties  through  the  E  bank 
of  Mouongahcla  River,  about  it,  miles 
from  the  mouih  of  that  river,  at  Pittf- 
burg.  At  the  head  of  this  creek,  Gener- 
al iiraddock  engagifd  a  party  of  Indians, 
tlie  9th  of  July,  t75.;,  <>n  his  way  ro  Pott 
du  (.^cl'nc,  iio^v  Pittfljur;;,  where  he  wns- 
r<  i)ulled,  himfelf  killed,  his  army  p'lt  to 
flight,  and  the  remains  of  the  army 
brought  off  the  field  by  the  addicfs  and 

cour.iiic 


Hi',  n 


ife: 


talir^.ot  Colpnel,  afte^wgr^*  General 

Turtie  JHiv<r,  in  Gepr^ia,  ^mptici  into 
St.  Slinpn'ft  i>pund,  ^rtd  iit  bar  hat  a  (uf- 
iiciency  of  water  tpr  tl)e  iargeft  ve0cltbat 
fkvinu.  A*  ••»  mouth  is  the  town  of 
Brvii)(wick,  whii^li  han  a  noble  and  capa> 
clou*  harhpiir.  The  tpwn  it  regularly 
j;iid  OMt,  \}»t  ijot  yet  buUt.  X^P  Jai^dt 
on  the  Iv^iiif*  pf  th^»  river  arc  laid  to  be 
C»ccUcut. 

Tury,  a  river  onthc  craft  gf  9r4^)li  >n 
S.  Ampriea.  40  leagues  £  S  £  pf  the  river 
q,<yta.  The  illapd  of  gt.  John  lijCt  juft 
nir  the  river's  mouth,  and  makes  a  very 
good  hai;l>our  on  ,the  Infide  of  it.  But 
the  puffxge  both  in  and  out,  is  difficult, 
»ncl  no  pijpts  arc  to  he  had. 

7'„/,a>fr/i  Cred.a  lijiaJl  ftream  pf  Pcnn- 
fyI.\Mnia,  n  iijich  empties  through  the  S  W 
).Mi)k  cf  Juuiatta  kivcr,  12  miles  S  £  qf 
,   l>rwiftf>w'n. 

Wafiarara  TTiHazcr ,  \\c  n  mile  from  eajtli 
other,  4  mjle*  from  Qutenftown,  in  U. 
C.<)jada, containing  together  ;^ho|jt  40 de- 
ciycd  hoiifcs.  Vtftigc«o^ai>,cient  fortjfl- 
cations  are  v>ni?|e.in  this  neig)ibPK''i>(>od. 
'{°iie  Iqdian  hpi^res  are  fl^}q\^t  12  ifeet 
Cmji^rt;  fiwnyof'thfm  ^re^holly  cover- 
ed >v'th  bark,  pthCTs  have  the  wali«  of 
h'gt,  in.thefatpp  mapper  as  the  firft  fet- 
t.'ers  Jimong  w.hite  people  built. their  huts, 
htyi'ig  chimneys  in  which  thty  keep 
comfprtaMc  fire".  Many  of  them,  how- 
ever,  retain  tlic  ancient  cuftpm,  of  haying 
the  fire  in  the  centre  pf  t})e  hojufe.  Tlie 
Jan<li»  in  the  vjcinity  are  pf  a  good  quality. 
Tiifenrnrift,  a  tribe  of  Indiana  in  the 
State  of  N.  York.  They  migrated  from 
I>J.  Carolina,  .ibout  the  vcar  171a,  and 
Vcrc  adopted  by  the  Qncidas,  with  whom 
they  have  fmre  lived,  on  the  fuppf»,(i{ion 
that  they  were  oripnally  the  fame  tribe, 
fi om  na  affinity  which  there  is  in  their 
Jangnane.  They  now  couGft  of  about 
400  fouls,  thfir  village  i«  between  Kah- 
riinwo'ohale  and  New  Stockbri(l);e,  on 
Tlifcarora  or  Oneiil-t  Crejrk.  Thty  re- 
ceive »n  annuity  of  abo"it  400  dollars 
from  the  ITnited  i^t-tfs. 

7i'f</frarvK  fhc  .incicnt  name  of  a  head 
water  of  Mulkin;.',um  River.  It  is  aU'o 
C!\l!rd  I'ufcarnwns. 

Ti,!it^iw,  a  large  t-iwn  on  the  W  cosft 
o^''.Ncv  .\4r::!C(>,  io  thi:-  N.  Pacific  Ote^n.  I 
From  the  river  S;<c?tii'r.i,  the  hij;h  and  i 
ru^jRcd  land  extcifN  N  W  aj  Icaguts.  I 
Twft'e  Ifiits  OT  Tivehf  Ap<{/!(rs,  iflcs  on  I 
the  S  li<k  of  Lakr  .Siipfrior.  and  on  the  I 
S  fide  of  the  mouth  oi'  Wtft  D:iy.  jj 


V  C  K 

^xrnnt-i  MUi  Crctik,  an  e^ftprn  bNtleii 
of  Tombigbce  River,  in  Ceorgia,  which 
runt  firft  a  S  by  £  courfe,  thien  turns  to 
the  S  W.  \tt  mouth  lies  in  %^\xt  I^t.  33 
33  N,andIong.,&8  W. 

Twinty  Fivt  4file  Pamff  it  fettleitient  in 
Kcnneb(fck  co.  ^laine. 

Tivlgfitvittt,  a  tuibe  of  Indiant,  io  the 
State  of  Ohio,  inl;ji|hit|ifg  near  ^yliaipi 
Rivfr  u\A  fqrC    Ayitrior^  ^oa     Sec 

fybte  JJlaud,  on  the  cojift  of  Q^rgia, 
lies  at  the  rooi^th  of  Sav^onan  River,  to 
the  fouthwatd  pf  the  bar.  It  is  very 
plcafaot,  with  a  be,autif^1  creek  to  the  \v 
of  it,  where  a  Ihip  pf  ^ny  burden  may 
lie  fajfe  ^t  ^pchpr.  A.  liglit-houfe  (lands 
pn  the  i/land,,So  feet  \\\^\,  and  in  bit.  3a 
N,  and  long,  gi  1 6  W.  The  light-hpufe 
is  7  ipil.cs  £  S  £  ^  £  from  Savann.ah« 

Tyieine,  a  townOiip  of  Pcnofylvania,  in 
Cumberland  co,  h4vipg  ii44^  iph^bitants. 

TygarCi  Vallty,  in  P^nptylvania,  lies 
on  Monongahcla  F  xyex. 

"rxg^'i  ^  fmail  river  of  S..CaroIina,  rife* 
in  the  Alleghapjr  Mountains,  and,  taking 
aS.£  cpurfc  nearly  parallel  to  Enoree 
river,  empties  into  Broad  River,  5  niiles 
above  the  £nor,ce. 

Tyngjharougb,  a  tpwnfliip  of  Mafla,chii« 
fetts,  Middlefex  co.  on  Merrimack  River, 
31  utiles  N  of  Bonun,  coi^taining  696  in- 
habitants. 

TynsJlotvitf  a  tow^fliip  of  Kennebeck 
^o.  Majni;,  containing  1^4  inhabitants. 

Tyringbam,  a  townfliip  pf  Maflachu* 
fetts,  fierkihire  co.  It  contains  1,7 12  in- 
habitants,  lies  14  miiles  from  the  (hire 
town,  and  140  W  of  Qodon. 

Tyrone,  two  townfliips  of  Pejinfylv,». 
nia ;  the  one  in  York  co.  the  other  in 
that  of  Cumberland,  the  latter  having 
1,946  inhabitants. 

Tyrrel,  a  maritime  county  of  Edcnt* 
diflritSl,  N.  Carolina  ;  boundedl^  I>y  Rpa- 
noke  River  and  Albemarle  Sound,  aiul  S 
by  lieaufort.  It  i.s  generally  alow,  flat. 
and  fwanipy  country,  and  contains  3,36j 
iuhabitanta. 


Uc 


u. 


CAII,  Port,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America:,  is  fltiiatcd  on  WHfliington'.s  111- 
and,  S  of  Port  Gtyer,  and  N  of  Port 
Sturgis.  At  its  mouth  ;ire  Ntcdham'* 
nics.  Tlie  middle  of  the  entrance  of  thi* 
bay  is  in  lat.  54  25  N. 

Ucoyala  River,  a  b  branch  of  Amazon 
River. 


Vthf, 

tJchel 

Bartrac 

eft,  mo( 

town  hi 

'■'ge,  ai 

««"C  coni 

iathed  a 

*  reddifl 

which  g 

brick  w 

covered 

The  towi 

full  of  yo 

fuppofed 

ants.    T^ 

men  or 

guageisn 

or  Mufco, 

Savanna  c 

*o  be  the  1 

anefe,     a 

'he  Creeki 

and  are  of 

the  jcaloul 

tonfederac 

yet  are  wi 

common  en 

the  general 

S.  Pacific  q 
'rom  the  ifl 
W.    There 
of  it.    The 
long,  ijt  jj( 
W/ea,  or , 
more  of  the 
^V'r,  a  n 
of  *^  York, 
".  S  by  the 
the  CO.  of  Gi 
^^hff",  om 
Caynga  co, 
end  of  Cayu 
and  Dryden 
eluded  withi^ 
j    which  was  in 
537  inhabitai 
Unbagag^  t; 
or  collection 
part  of  Yorli 
'".to    the    Gi 
Their  fevcraj 
felmapunteag, 
•wfcook,    and 
Ireams,  the 
'"»va,  fall  ,„  ^ 
°'  this  norther 
too  defeaivc 
andprecifedc 
Vyu  I. 


I  bMncb 
a,  which 
turn*  to 
It  y^t.  33 

eibcnt  in 
i8,  io  the 

r  iyfi»ip> 

00. 


See 


<5<?orgia, 
Fiver,  to 
It  15  very 
ttotheVr 
xrden  may 
)ufe  (lands 
i  in  lat.  3» 

llgh«;-hp"fc 
innah* 
rylvaoja,  in 
iph^bitantt. 
'Ivaniai  li" 

irolina,  rife> 

and,  t^Wng 

(o  Enoree 

ver,  5  n>''^" 

)f  Maffa,ch«- 
imacjt  River, 
ning  696  in- 

■  Kcnnebeck 

jhabitants. 

f  Ma<tacb"- 

ins  1,7 1*'"- 
m  the  (hire 

If  Pejinfylvs- 
Ithc  other  in 
latter  having 

,  of  Edent<* 
ed>thyRoa- 
Jsoiiod,  ana  S 
\y  alow,  flat. 
pntains  3,363 


.'  coaft  of  N. 

[liington's  H'- 
Id  N  of  I'c"^,' 
le  Nteilham]* 
litrwnce  oi  thi« 

[h  of  Amazon 


U  M  B 

Vcbt,  an  Indian  town  on  the  Chata 
Uche  River.  It  is  (ituated,  according  to 
Bartram,  on  a  vaft  plain,  and  is  the  urg- 
eft,  mod  compadt,  and  belt  built  Indian 
town  he  ever  faw.  The  habitations  arc 
large,  and  neat ;  the  walls  of  the  houfes 
are  conftruifted  of  a  wooden  frame,  then 
lathed  and  plaftered  infide  and  out  with 
a  reddifli  well-tempered  clay  or  mortar, 
which  gives  them  the  appearance  of  red 
brick  walls ;  and  the  roofs  are  neatly 
covered  with  cyprefs  hark,  or  (hingles. 
The  town  appears  populous  and  thriving, 
full  of  youth  aad  young  children ;  and  is 
fuppofed  to  contain  about  1,500  inhabit- 
ants. They  are  able  to  mufter  500  gun- 
men or  warriors.  Their  national  lan- 
guage is  radically  different  from  the  Creek 
or  Mufcogulge  tongue,  and  is  called  the 
Savanna  or  Savanuca  tongue.  It  is  faid 
to  be  the  fame  or  a  diaie<S  of  the  Shaw- 
anefe.  Although  in  confederacy  with 
the  Creeks,  they  do  not  mix  with  them ; 
and  are  of  importance  enough  to  excite 
the  jealoufy  of  the  whole  Mufcogulge 
Confederacy,  and  are  ufualty  at  variance, 
yet  are  wife  enough  to  unite  againft  a 
common  enemy  to  fupport  the  intereft  of 
the  general  Creek  confederacy. 

Utittta,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  about  7  or  8  leagues 
from  the  ifland  of  Huaheine,  at  S  W  by 
W.  There  are  9  uninhabited  iflands  W 
of  it.  The  S  cnd^ies  in  lat.  16  SS  S,and 
long.  151  ao  W. 

Ulloa,  or  5/.  yobn  it  UlUa^  near  the  W 
fhore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Uljter,  a  mountainous  and  hilly  county 
of  N.  York,  bounded  £  by  Hudfon  Riv- 
er, S  by  the  county  of  Orange,  and  N  by 
the  CO.  of  Green.    Chief  town,  Kingfton. 

Ifl^es,  one  of  the  military  townfliips  in 
Cayuga  co.  N.  York,  fitiiatcd  at  the  S 
end  of  Cayuga  Lake,  having  He«Slor  W, 
and  Dryden  £,  which  laft  townfliip  is  in- 
cluded within  the  jurifdi<5lton  of  UlyfTcs, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1794<  It  has 
937  inhabitants. 

'  Umbagtg,  the  general  name  of  a  chain 
or  colledion  of  Lakes  in  the  northerly 
part  of  York  co.  Maine,  which  all  fall 
into  the  Great  Ani.irifkoggin  River. 
Their  feveral  names  arc  Aquefook,  Mo- 
felmagunteag,  Molaclninkamaug,  Keiie- 
lukook,  and  Welokcnebikook.  Two 
Hreams,  the  Kupfuktook  and  the  M^ga- 
Iowa,  fall  in  on  the  N  fide.  The  furvcys 
of  this  northern  part  of  the  country  are 
too  defe«Slivc  to  give  a  more  particular 
1  and  precife  dcfcriptioh.  IVuhutt. 

Vol.  I.  H  H  h  U 


U  1^  i 

Vmiaitg,  a  large  lake  of  N.  HampOiire, 
next  in  fize  to  Lake  Winipifeogee.  It 
lies  in  Grafton  co.  and  a  fmall  part  of  it 
in  Maine. 

UnadiUa,  a  river  of  the  State  of  New- 
York,  called  alfo  Tianaderim,  runs  fouth- 
ward,  and  joining  the  main  branch, 
forms  Chenango  River. 

UnaJilla,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  Otfe* 
go  CO.  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  main 
branch  of  Chenango  River.  It  is  about 
1 10  miles  S  W  of  Albany,  and  438  from 
Wafhington,  and  has  828  inhabitants. 

Unaka  Mounlmn.     See  Tinntffee. 

Unami,  a  tribe  of  the  Delaware  Indians, 
confidered  as  the  head  of  that  nation. 

UndcrhillyA  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Chit* 
tenden  co.  11  miles  £  of  Colchefter,  and 
contains  %i%  inhabitants. 

UHtcorn,  a  pofl  town  in  Lancafter  ca 
Pennfylvania,  124  miles  from  Wafhing* 
ton. 

Unian^  I  difbidt  of  S.  Carolina,  contain- 
ing 10,235  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,697 
arc  flaves.  It  fends  two  reprefentatives 
and  one  fenator  to  the  State  Legiflature. 
Chief  town,  Pinckneyville.  At  the  court 
houfe  there  is  a  pofl  ofHce. 

Union,  a  rocky  townfhip  in  Tolland  co. 
Conncdlicut,  Wof  Woodflbck,  and  about 
12  miles  N  £  of  Tolland.  It  has  767  in- 
habitants. 

Union,  a  townfhip  of  Maine,  Lincoln 
CO.  at  the  head  of  Mufkongus  River,  con- 
taining 573  inhabitants.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1786,  and  is  290  milea  from 
Boflon. 

Union,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  York,  Tiogn 
Co.  on  the  N  fide  of  Sufquehannah  River, 
and  W  of  the  mouth  of  Chenango,  i%% 
miles  S  E  by  £  of  Williamfburg,  un  Gen- 
efTee  River,  34  £  N  E  of  Athens,  or  Tio- 
ga Point,  9»  S  W  of  Cooperflown,  340  N 
by  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  390  from 
Waflnngton.    It  has  927  inhabitants. 

Union  River,  in  the  county  of  Hancock; 
Maine,  empties  into  Blue,  Hill  Bay,  on 
the  E  fide  of  Peuobfcot  Bay.  Long-Ifl- 
and,  in  this  bay,  is  in  lat.  44  25,  and 
long.  67  45- 

Union  Toi¥n,  in  the  MifUfippi  Territo- 
ry,  Pickering  co.  containing  41  inhabit- 
ants. 

Uition  Town,  a  pofl  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia, Fayette  co.  on  Redflonc  Creek.  It 
contains  a  church,  a  flone  gaol,  and  a 
brick  court  houfe,  about  80  dwelling- 
houfes,  and  1,719  people.  Niwr  it  are 
two  valuable  merchant  mills.  It  is  the 
feat  of  the  county  ccuru,  and  is  14  miles 

»bf 


:*iAi 


U  N  I 


U  N  t 


3  Hy  E  of  Brovnrville.  where  Redilone  ; 
Creek  enters  the  Munongahela,  58  milei 
S  of  Pittiburg,  14  N  E  of  Morgantown, 
In  Virginia,  317  W  of  Philadelphia,  and 
aja  from  Wafl)inj;ton.  \ 

Unitnt,  a  village  of  N.  Carolina,  lituat-  | 
ed  at  the  head  of  OargHlV  Creelc.  { 

Unitku  States.    The  United  States  of  : 
America,  exclufive  of  Louifuna,  occupv,  : 
perhaps,  the  39ch  part  of  the  habitable 
];lobe,  and  the  njgth  part  of  the  whole.  ! 
I'hty  are  clallcd  in  3  grand  divifious.        1 

1.    77j*  New-England,  or  Eastern,  ; 
or  Northern  States.  1 


X*^etv  Humftjoirf, 


mjlria  of  Miiine, 
Rbodflfltiiid,  and 
Connc&icul, 


,        II.    The  Middle  States. 

fJfwVutiy  OLw, 

Neiv-Jttfty,  Indiana    Ttrritory, 
J'l  nifylvaniaf  and 

Dtlatuare,  Waynr, 

III.    the  Southern  States, 

MarylanJt  Tmnejfee^ 

Virginia,  Soutb  Caroliuj, 

Xeiiludy,  Georgia,  and 

Narib'CuroIiiia,  M>£iftj<pi   Tet,:,<,ry 

To  thefe  may  no^r  be  a«Ulcd,  the  vaft 
country  of  Louifiana.  The  whole  terri- 
tory now  under  the  government  of  rhe 
United  States,  is  generally  defcribtd  in 
the  Appendix,  under  the  head  of  FreJ»- 
nia ;  which  fee. 

The  ahuve  grand  divi(ions,  as  alfo  the 
different  StatC8,have  already  been  dcfcrib- 
ed ;  to  which  we  refer  the  reader.  The  tti- 
ritory  of  the  United  States,  before  Loui- 
fiana was  annexed,  was  in  length  1,159 
miles, and  in  breadth  1,040,  lying  between 
3 1  and  46  N  l>t.  and  between  64  and  96 
\V  long,  from  London  ;  bounded  N  and 
£  by  Brilifli  America,  or  the  provinces 
of  Upper  and  Lower  Canada,  and  New- 
Brunfwiclc ;  S  E  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean ; 
S  by  Eaft  and  Weft  Florida,  and  W  by 
the  river  Miilillppi.  According  to  Mr. 
Ilutchinst,  it  contained,  by  computation, 
a  million  of  fquare  miles,  in  which  arc 

640,000,000  acres 
Dedu<!t  foi'  water  51,000,000 


Acres  of  land  in  the ' 


United  States        '  j^^9»' 


,000,000 


The  largcft  rivers  that  border  upon,  or 
pafs  throGgh  the  United  States,  are  Mif- 
fcfippi,  Ohio,  and  TonnefTce,  on  the  W 


ITde  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains ;  an4 
the  Alatamaha,Savani)i<h,  Santce,  Cape 
Fear,  Roanoke,  Jame;,  Patowmac,  Suf*  ^ 
quchannah,  Delaware,  Hudfoii,  Connedl-T 
icut,  Merrimack,  Pifcataqua,  Andrufcog- 
gin,  Kenncbeck,  and  Pe'nobfcot,  whofc 
gcnetal  courfes  are  from  N  W  and  N  t» 
S  £  and  S,  and  which  empty  into  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  The  United  States  embo> 
Tom  Tome  of  the  largcft  lakes  in  the 
world.  The  moft  rcinaikable  lie  in  a 
chiiin  along  their  nortlirrn  boundary 
upon  the  Canada  line,  and  are  Lakes  Su> 
pcrior,  Michigan,  Huron,  Erie,  Ontario, 
Champlainc,  George,  Memphrcmagog, 
Umbagog,  Chcraunkrok,  r.nd  Moofehead 
Lake.  Ihe  nioft  rcm;«tkal)le  fwamps 
are  Ekarfunoki,  nearly  jco  miles  in  cir- 
cuniicrtnce  in  the  State  of  Georgia  ;  the 
two  Difiiia's  in  North-Carolina,  of  im- 
menle  cxttAr,  each  containing  a  large 
lake  in  its  centre  ;  and  BufTaloc  Swamp, 
in  tlie  north-wcftern  pwrts  of  Pennfylva- 
nia.  I'he  principal  mountains  in  the 
United  States  ^re  Ag^menticus,  in  Maine; 
the  White  Mountairs  and  Monaduock, 
in  New-Hamp(hire  ;  Wachul'ett,  in  Maf- 
fachufetti  ;  the  Green  Mountains,  in 
Vcrn.cnt ;  .ind  the  Alleghany  Mountainn, 
about  900  miles  in  length,  and  from  15* 
to  250  in  l)rei)dth.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try, generally  )pcak!ng,  is  agreeably  va- 
riegHttd  with  plains  and  mountains,  valci 
and  bills.  New-England  is  an  uneven, 
hilly  and  rocky  country.  A  broad  fpnee, 
including  ail  the  bfimches  of  the  Alleg- 
hany Mountains,  commencing  at  Hud- 
fun's  River  in  New- York,  and  extending 
circuitoufly  fimth-weOerly  through  all  the 
States  wed  ward  and  routhward,Deiaw3ie 
excepted,  is  mountainou!>.  Eaftward  of 
thefc  mountains,  quite  to  the  fea-cnafV,  a 
border  of  from  60  to  ico  miles,  and 
fometimes  more,  in  breadth,  is  a  remark- 
ably level  country,  and  in  the  fouthcrn 
States  free  of  ftone.  Weft  of  this  range 
of  mountains,  is  a  fine  and  charmingly 
diverfified  country,  well  watered,  fertile, 
temperate  in  climate,  and  incrcafing  io 
population  with  unexampled  rapidity, 
tvcry  fpecies  of  foil  that  the  earth  af- 
fords may  be  found  in  the  United  States; 
and  all  the  various  kinds  of  fruits,  graiv, 
pulfe  and  garden  plants  and  toots  whicl^ 
are  found  in  Europe ;  befidcs  a  great  va- 
riety of  native  vegetable  produifliorfc 
Tobacco,  rice,  indigo,  wheat,  corn,  cot- 
ton, tyc,  oats,  barley,  buck-wheat,  fl«x, 
and  hemp,  are  among  the  principal  pro- 
dudUuoa   of   the   United  States.     The 

United 


United 
fifling  c 
(belidcs 
Diving 
of  their 
eral  con 
tcred  b) 
purtinna 
the    peo 
merchan 
extenfivc 
■^en,  Den 
eriands,  i 
lands  anc 
(ugal,  an 
rocco,  ani 
with  Chit 
Hnd   the 
Vcft-Indi 
America. 
ed  are  fi/h 
flour,  whe 
indigo,  f]; 
iron,  &c. 
in  the  Uni 
of  Philade 
holders  in 
in  1803,  cs 
who  draw  j 
ofPJiiladcI; 
340435.     ' 
ingSept.  30 
dollars.     S 
exports  wai 
Jars.    TJie 
in  1801,  \vi 
55,800,033 
cd  into  tike 
redlly  froiT 
The  export 
1791,  was  I 
trade  of  the 
culiarly  imf 
or  of  anuo) 
nations.    T 
muted  by  w 
of  priv<iteci 
private  vcflc 
a  month,  on 
employed,  h 
form  a'  fund 
ahled  fearae 
from  the  coi 
•nent,  to  th 
544,079  doll 
<lolls.  8i  cen 
fhe  pay  of  1 
fcrvice,  and 
that  of  fcam( 
h'  *  third 


U  N  I 


U  N  I 


United  Statncnnftitute  aREFUBLiccnn- 
ftding  of  17  fcpar4te,  independent  States, 
^helidet  fcver^l  territorial  g  !Vtriiintnt») 
hiving  governnrt,  ciinnituti>inK  und  laws 
cf  their  own,  united  under  a  ',itntT*\,  fed 
cral  cuiiAitiitiun  of  j(ovcrnn\cnt,  adminif' 
tcred  by  iin  eletflive  head,  and  by  a  pro- 
portionate number  of  reprcfeiitutives  of 
the  people  from  all  the  States.  The 
mercnunts  of  thi»  countiy  carry  on  an 
extenfivc  foreign  trade  with  Rufli.i,  Swe- 
den, Denmark,  Hamburgh,  United  Neth- 
erlands, Great-Dritain,  Auftrian  Nether- 
laad«  and  Germany,  Fnnce,  Spain,  Por- 
tugal, and  Italy,  in  Europe—with  Mc- 
Tocco,  and  fcveral  other  part*  of  Africa— 
with  China,  and  various  Afiatic  countries, 
iind  the  FaQ-India  Iflandi— with  the 
Veft-Indics,  and  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America.  The  principal  articles  cxport- 
td  are  fifh,  lumber,  live  flock,  beef,  pork, 
flour,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  rice, 
indigo,  flax-feed,  pot  and  pearl  aflies, 
iron,  &c.  There  were,  in  1803,  54  banks 
in  the  United  States  ;  of  thefe  34  were  E 
of  Philadelphia.  The  number  of  ftock- 
holders  in  the  funds  of  the  United  States, 


in  1803,  eaft  of  Philadelphia,  was  7,971,  ]  Jews ;  and  many  who  rejefk  fcv 
whodrawannually i,785,443dolIs.;fouth      iigion  as  unneccfTary,  inconveri 


of  Philadelphia,  1 37 1,  who  draw  annually 
340435-  The  exports  of  the  year  cnd- 
ingSept.  30,  i796,amounted  to  67,064,095 
dollars.  Six  years  before,  the  value  of 
exports  was  but  about  18  million*  of  dol- 
lars. The  aggregate  amount  of  exports 
in  1801,  was  7 1,957,144  tiol'S';  •"  1803, 
55,800,033  do'.lars.  The  tea  import- 
ed into  tl«e  United  States,  in  1791,  di- 
redtly  from  Chinsi,  was  2,601,85a  lbs. 
The  export  of  falted  beef  and  pork,  in 
I79i,was  66,000  barrels.  The  fifliing 
trade  of  the  United  States  is  tendered  pe- 
culiarly important  as  a  means  of  defence 
or  of  anuoying  the  commerce  of  hoftile 
nations.  The  fifliernicn  may  be  tranf- 
muted  by  war  immediately  -into  a  corps 
of  priv.itecrfmcn,  and  their'  fhips  into 
private  veflcls  of  war.  A  tax  of  ao  cents 
a  month,  on  each  feaman,  while  a«5tually 
employed,  has  been  laid  by  Congrefs,  to 
form  a  fund  for  the  relief  cf  Tick  and  dif- 
abled  fearaen.  The  whole  fum  colle«5led, 
from  the  commencement  of  the  cftablifli- 
ment,  to  the  30th  of  June,  1803,  was 
544,079  dolls.  S5  cents.  Of  this  22,067 
dolls.  81  cents,  have  been  dcdudled  from 
the  pay  of  fcamen  employed  in  public 
fcrvicc,  and  222,011  dolls,  74  ients  from 
that  of  feamen  in  private  fervice.  Near- 
ly a  third  part  cf  tliia  fum  has  been  col-  , 


IcAed  in  thefingic  Stare  of  MafTitliufctti. 
From  this  fund  marine  hofpitaN  lu"c  \trcn 
trciktti  at  Norf:ilk,  iii  Virginia,  and  at 
Charlcflown,  in  Maflarhufetts ;  the  latter 
cofl  14,000  dollars.  The  capital  ports 
for  large  fliips,  in  the  United  States  fbnd 
thus  ranked  :  Newport,  in  Rhnde-llland  ; 
Portland,  in  Maine  ;  and  N.  York.  Sev- 
eral important  branches  of  tnanufaiflnrei 
have  grown  up  and  flouriflied  with  a  ra- 
pidity which  furprifes ;  aflbrding  an  en- 
couraging aflurancc  of  fuccefs  in  future 
attempts.  Religion  here  is  placed  on  it* 
proper  bafis,  without  the  feeble  and  un- 
warranted aid  of  civil  power,  and  it  left 
to  be  fupported  by  its  own  evidence,  by 
the  lives  of  its  profcfTors,  and  by  the  al- 
mighty care  of  its  Divine  Author.  The 
following  denominations  of  ChriHIans  are 
more  or  Itfs  numerous,  viz,  Congrega- 
tionalids,  Prelbyterians,  rpifcopatiaus, 
Dutch  Reformed  Church,  Baptidi,  Qua- 
kers, Methodifts,  Roman  Catholics,  Ocr- 
man  Lutherans,  German  Catvinini,  Mo- 
ravians or  United  Brethren  of  the  Epif- 
copal  church,  Tunkers,  Mennonift,^,  Uni- 
vcrfalifts,  and  Shakers.    There  are  a  few 

ealed  re- 

lent,  and 

fabulous,  and  plead  the  fufhcicncy  of 
natural  religion.  In  1800,  there  were 
J 1305666  inhabitants  in  the  United 
States ;  893,605  of  whom  were  flavct. 
The  prefent  number  is  proba'^ly  nearly 
(ix  millions,  made  up  of  almolt  all  the 
dilFerent  nations  of  Europe,  but  princi- 
pally of  the  dcfcendants  of  the  EngliOi 
nation.  The  military  (Irength  of  this 
country  lies  in  a  well-difciplined  militia 
of  about  900,000  brave  and  independent 
freemen, and  an  army  of  about  3  or  4,000 
men  to  defend  the  fiontiers  of  the  Union, 
and  to  man  the  feveral  fortrelTes  in  the 
different  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
tftiraatcs  of  the  .Secretary  of  the  Trcaf- 
ury  for  the  fervice  of  the  year  1804, 
were— 


■} 


Dolli. 

564.308 

183,496 


For  the  civil  lift, 
Mifcellancous  expenfes. 
For  iiitcrcourfe  with  for 

eigni  nations. 
For  the  military  depart-")  oz 

mcnt,  j  863,35- 

For  the  naval  eftablifliment,  650,000 


Cts. 
68 
5» 


159,900 


Total,  2,421,056     ay 

See  America,  N.  America,  and  FreJonia^ 
in  the  Appendix. 

Unity,  a  fetticmcnt  in  Kcnncbeck  co. 
,.  Maine, 


i'.'  H'JI 


;'i|*!    mA 


,'1- 

fiSl 


.,  M 


M 


.4;: 


,i  '1! 


iii't; 


U  R  A 


U  T  t 


Maine,  8  milet  W  of  Sidney,  oppofite 
Vaflalborough,  and  ij  miles  N  w  of 
Hallowell.  It  lica  on  Sandy  River,  about 
i6  mile*  from  itt  mouth. 

UitUy,  a  townfliip  of  N.  llampniire, 
Cheftiire  co.  a  few  roilei  N  E  of  Charlef- 
town.  It  wai  incorporated  in  1764,  and 
contains  901  inhabitants. 

Umiiy  TVivff,  in  Montgomery  co.  Ma- 

2 land,  lies  »  or  3  miles  front  Patuxent 
irer,  it  from  Montgomery  court  houfe, 
and  14  northerly  of  the  city  of  Walhing- 
tou. 

UpoUbaviaHan,  or  Yimlfcamain,  a  Cana- 
dian  rettlemcnt  in  N.  America,  in  lat.  47 
17  30  N. 

Vpptr  AUewayi  Cttti,  In  Salem  co.  N. 
Jerfey. 

Uffitr  Said  Eaglct  a  townfhip  of  Penn« 
fylvania,  Mifflin  co. 

Upptr  Frubald,  a  townOiip  of  N.  Jcrfev, 
Monmouth  co.  has  Freehold  on  the  £.  It 
contained,  in  1790,  344*  inhabitants. 

Ufptr  Grtmt  MoHodHtei,  in  the  town- 
fiiip'of  Lemington,  in  the  N  £  corner  of 
Vermont,  on  Coiinetfticut  River. 

Upfer  Hanover,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfyl* 
vania,  Montgomery  co. 

Uppir  Matlbotcugb,  a  pod  town  of  Ma- 
ryland, 16  milcji  S  E  of  BUdcniburg,  15 
M  £  of  Pifcataway,  and  18  front  Wafli- 
ington. 

Upper  Milfotd,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfyl- 
'Vania,  Northampton  county. 

Upper  Penni  Ntck,  a  townfliip  of  N. 
Jerfey,  Salem  county. 

Upper  Saurot  a  place  in  N.  Ciirnliiia,  on 
Dan  River,  about  300  miles  from  Halifax. 

Upper  Savage  I/laiiJs,  in  Hudlon'it  Bay. 
N  lat.  6a  3.*  30,  W  long.  70  48. 

Uptight  Bay,  near  the  W  tiid  of  the 
(Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat.  Si  8,  W 
long.  75  ZS'  ^    .    , 

Upton,  a  townfliip  of  MafTacIiuretts, 
Worceirter  co.  containing  854  inhabit- 
ants, difpcrfcd  on  13,000  acres  of  land, 
favourable  for  orcharding,  pafluragc  and 
grafs.  It  i»  W  of  Sherburne,  15  miles  S 
E  of  Worceftcr.and  38  8  W  of  Bofton. 

Upton,  a  village  in  the  townfliip  of  Still- 
water,  in  N.  York. 

Uracie,  a  river  on  the  E  coaft  of  S. 
America,  is  18  leagues  W  N  W  of  Cau- 
rbra  River. 

Uragua,  a  province  in  the  H  divifton  of 
Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  whofe  chief 
town  is  Los  Royes. 

Urano,  a  river  on  the  N  coaQ  of  S. 
America,  which  enters  the  ocean  alireaft 
of  the  wcflcromoft  of  the  Pcritas  liiands, 


about  3  leagues  wcdward  of  Comana 
Bay.  It  only  admits  fmall  boats  and  ca- 
noes.    Otchier  Bay  is  W  of  it. 

Urbaima,  a  fmall  poll  to#n  of  Virginia, 
Middlefcz  co.  H  W  fide  of  Rappahan- 
nock River,  %%  miles  from  Stingray  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  7  3  S  £  ol  Fred- 
erickfburgh,73  E  by  S  of  Richmond,  and 
145  from  Wafliington.  Wheat  is  fliip- 
ped  from  this  to  Europe,  and  Indian 
corn,  &c.  to  N.  England,  Nova-Scotia, 
and  the  W.  Indies. 

Urvaig,  or  Urvaiga,  a  province  of  8. 
America;  bounded  ov  Ouayra  on  the  N, 
the  mouth  oi  Ric  de  fa  Plata  S,  the  cap- 
tainry  of  del  Rey  £,  and  Parana  W, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  of 
that  name.  Its  extent  is  from  lat.  aj 
to  33  ao  S  ;  the  length  from  N  £  to  8  H 
being  fomewhat  above  lio  leagues,  and 
the  breadth  from  E  to  W,  -  vhcre  broad- 
efl,  X30,  but  much  narrower  in  other 
parts.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  Urvaiga, 
or  Uruguay,  into  the  E  and  W  parts. 
This  river  runs  above  400  leagues,  the 
upper  part  with  3  prodigious  noifc  among 
rocks  and  ftoncs,  and  falls  into  the  La 
Plata  nearly  oppofite  Buenos  Ayres. 

Utatvat,  a  river  which  divides  Upper 
and  L.  Canada,  and  falls  into  Jcfus  Lake, 
1x8  miles  S  W  of  Quebec.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  Timmmcamain  360  miles 
from  its  mouth  ;  85  miles  above  it  is  call- 
ed Montreal  River. 

Utica,  a  town  of  Oneida  co.  N.  York, 
on  the  S  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  3 
miles  from  Wbitefborough.  This  place, 
with  Whitelborough  and  New-Hartford, 
form  the  townfliip  of  Whitcflown.  Uti- 
ca flands  on  the  fcite  of  Old  Fort  Schuy- 
ler, and  is  well  fituatcd  for  trade,  as  the 
articles  of  commerce  which  pafs  up  and 
down  the  Mohawk,  are  landed  here.  It 
bids  fair  to  be  a  place  of  great  import- 
ance. Its  increaiie  has  been  remarka- 
ble. In  the  year  1794,  there  were  only 
two  houfes  la  this  fpot.  Now,  (in  1804) 
it  has  feveral  handfome  flreets  laid  out 
and  built  with  gt^nteel  houfes,  and  large 
florcs,  and  contains  about  a,ooo  inhabit- 
ants. Here  is  a  large  commodious  hotel, 
of  brick,  two  printing-offices,  where 
newfpapers  are  printed  that  have  an  ex- 
cenfive  circulation;  alfo  two  bookflores. 
There  is  a  bridge  acrofs  the  Mohawk 
oppoGtc  this  town. 

Utrecht,  New,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 

King's  cu.  Long-Idand.     It  has  a  Dutch 

church,  and  contains  778  inhabitants.    It 

is  7  or  8  miles  fouthward  of  N.  York  city. 

•1,  UxiriJ^f, 


V  A  L 


V  A  U 


CdmaxA 
and  ca« 

(Tirginia, 
ipp^haa- 
ty  i*oint, 
oi  Fred- 
lond.and 
it  (hip- 
d  Indian 
tra-Scotia, 

nee  of  8. 
on  the  N, 
,  the  cap- 
irana  W, 
B  river  of 
m  lat.  %S 
I  E  to  8  E 
iguet,  and 
:re  broad- 
'  in  other 
;r  Urvaiga, 

W  parts. 
;Bgucs,  the 
oifc  among 
ito  the  La 
iVyrcs. 
idc>  Upper 
fcfus  Lake, 

It  receive* 
t  360  miles 

tc  it  ij  call- 
,  N.  York. 
River,  3 
Thi«  place, 
Hartford, 
own.     Uti- 
:on  Schiiy- 
ade,  at  the 
U  up  and 
here.     It 
eat  import- 
remarka- 
werc  only 
,  (in  1804) 
ta  laid  out 
and  large 
500  inhabit- 
dious  hotel, 
ces,    where 
have  an  ex- 
bookftores. 
e  Mohawk 

of  N.  York, 
has  a  Dutch 
abitant*.  It 
I  York  city. 
Uxlridgii 


'A 


t/tciiUgt,  a  towndiip  of  Maflachufelti, 
Worcefter  co.  4 1  milet  S  W  of  Bofton.  It 
wan  taken  from  Mendon,  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1717,  and  Northbridge  wa«  af- 
tcrw^tdt  taken  from  it.  It  contains  180 
dwcl'  .ng-houfet,  and  1,404  inhabitants.  It 
it  buunded  S  by  Rhode-lfland.  Not  far 
from  ShoC'log  Pond,  in  the  S  W  part  of 
the  town,  there  is  an  iron  mine  which  is 
improved  to  coofidcrahle  advantage. 


V. 


r  ACCAS,  Caye,  one  of  the  Tortugat,or 
Florida  Keyi,  eallward  of  Bahia  Honda  ; 
the  diftancc  between  them  it  4  leagnes, 
and  the  coafl  in  its  direction  turnt  to  the 
northward.  On  the  S  fide  of  Cayo  Vae- 
cat,  about  8  miles  from  the  W  end,  there 
are  wellt  of  frefli  water.  A  thick  range 
of  iflet  go  by  thit  name*  Bahia  Honda 
it  in  lat.  n  35  N. 

yaecat  called  alfo  the  Cow*/,  or  Ifeat's 
Tongue,  a  low  point  on  the  W  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  S.  America,  which  bounds  the 
bay  of  Tonguey  W. 

Fact*,  or  Cowt  TJIand,  lies  on  the  S  t-oaft 
of  the  fouthern  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  it  about  4^  leagues  long,  and  in  the 
broadell  part  a  leaeue  and  a  half  from 
N  to  S.  The  S  point  it  3  leaguet.E  of 
Point  Abacou  ;  and  in  lat.  18  4  N,  and 
k>ng.  from  Parii  76  a  W.  It  hat  a  very 
good  foil,  with  a  or  3  tolerable  ports,  and 
liet  very  conveniently  for  trade  with  the 
Spanifli  colonies  on  the  continent,  and 
with  Cayeane.  The  feamen  call  thit 
Afli  Ifland,  a  corruption  from  Vafli,  at  it 
is  pronounced. 

Vaeby  it  U  Torrtau,  or  Cotv  and  Bull 
Rocks,  on  the  S  coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifl- 
and, are  about  a  mile  S  E  of  Cape  St.  Ma- 
ry, which  it  the  point  between  the  deep 
hay  of  Placentia  W,  and  St.  Mary't  Bay 
£.  They  are  fair  above  wlter,  but  there 
are  othert  near  them  which  lurk  under 
water. 

Vae'i  Ifland,  Anthony,  a  fmall  ifland  on 
the  £  coafl  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America.  It 
lies  S  of  the  fandy  Rcceif,  and  nppofite,  it 
it  joined  to  the  continent  by  ?.  bridge. 

Va'ifeaux  IJIanJ,  on  the'N  j»or;  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

ralaJoiid,  or  FdllaJolid,  called  i>y  rhe 
Indians  Comayagua,  is  the  chief  city  of 
the  province  of  Honduras,  in  New  Spain. 
It  is  the  feat  of  the  Governor,  and  is  a 
liifliop's  fee  fufTragan  of  Mexico,  flncc 
the  year  1558.  It  is  on  a  plain,  30  miles 
W  of  the  Gulf  of  Honduras,  170  S  W  of 


Truxillo,  and  65  8  E  of  Merid.i.  N  Ut. 
14  10,  W  long.  J I  »i. 

FiiUivh,     Sec  Baljlvia. 

Faltntin,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Ca- 
racas, on  Terra  Firma,  about  80  mile*  N 
of  Baraquicimeto,  and  450  W  of  Cuma* 
UA,     N  lat.  10,  W  long.  67. 

Fiillty  Fafgt,  a  place  on  Schuylkill  Rivw 
er,  tj  miles  from  Philadelphia.  Here 
Gen.  Wafliington  remained  with  his  ar- 
my, in  huts,  during  the  winter  of  1777, 
after  the  Britifh  had  taken  poflcfTion  of 
that  city. 

Valtarttifo,  a  large  and  populous  towa 
of  Chili,  in  S.  America,  having  a  harbour 
forming  the  port  of  St.  Jago,  in  lat.  33  z 
36  S,  and  long  77  39  W.  It  is  390milci 
£  of  the  ifland  of  Juan  Fernandei.  From 
this  port  the  principal  part  of  the  com- 
merce of  the  kingdom  is  carried  on,  on 
account  of  its  central  iituatinn.  The  dif- 
tance  of  this  port  from  St.  Jago  was  for- 
merly 30  leagues,  but  bv  a  new  and  ex- 
Kenfive  road  through  (wamps  and  over 
ills,  it  is  reduced  to  aa  leagues.  The 
diflance  from  St.  Jago  to  Buenos  Ayres  it 
30  dayt  journey  for  the  pofl  ;  after  you 
paft  tne  Andet  eaflward,  the  roid  it 
through  an  entire  defert,  without  l  \f 
furt  of  vegetation,  perfe«£Vly  level,  without 
even  a  hillock.  Vancouver, 

Fancouvir's  Fort,  in  Kentucky,  flandt 
at  the  jundtion  of  the  two  branches  of 
Big  Sandy  River,  20  mile*  N  of  HArntar't 
Station, 

Fan  Dyitt,  Joff  and  lAltle,  two  of  the 
fmalicr  Virgin  Iflands,  N  W  of  Tortola, 
N  lat.  18  a.s,  W  long.  63  t$. 

Fmifiown,  in  the  counrry  of  the  Cher- 
okeet,  on  a  branch  of  Alabama  Rivrr. 

Fiife  River,  an,  empties  into  the  Mifli- 
fippi  from  the  N  E,  _%  mile*  below  the 
Great  Rock,  about  55  11  W  by  N  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  about  the  fame 
diflance  N  W  of  Fort  Maflac.  It  is  nav- 
igable  into  the  Indiana  Territory,  ahout 
60  miles,  through  a  rich  country,  abound- 
ing in  extenfive  natural  mcaciows,  and 
numbcrlcfs  herds  of  buflfaloe,  deer,  &c. 
It  is  about  8  miles  above  Cape  St.  Anto- 
nio. 

Vaffiilborough,  a  port  town  of  Kennebcck 
CO.  Maine,  on  the  E  lide  of  Kcnnclnclc 
River,  about  half  way  between  Hallo- 
well  and  Winflow,  10  miles  from  Augul- 
ta,  and  204  miles  li  by  E  of  Eofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1771,  and  contains 
1,188  inhabitants. 

Vauclin  Bay,  on  the  E  coaft  of  the  ifland 
of  Martinico.    Vaudia  Point  forms  the 

.<;  fide 


\4 

1"  ■  *  ii' 


■V    'I 


ifi 


ts'i 


l.V) 


Ii 


V  E  N 


V  E  It 


J  fide  of  Louis  Bay,  on  the  E  coall  of  the 
fame  ifland, 

Vavaoe,  nite  of  the  Friendly  iHands  in 
<he  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  about  2  days 
fail  from  Hapaee,  lat.  1 8  34  S.  It  it  near- 
ly as  large  as  Tongataboo,  more  lofty,  and 
better  fupplied  with  water. 

Fealtnvii,a.  village  of  New  Jcrfey,  near 
fia(kenridge,  about  7  miles  S  W  of  Mor- 
rilFown, 

f^eau,  Anfe  «,  a  village  on  the  N  Tide  of 
rhe  S  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo,  5  leagues 
W  by  N  of  Miragoane,  4^  caftward  of 
Petit' Trou,  and  1 9  N  E  of  Les  Caycs. 

Vtga,  or  CanttptioH  of  la  Vega  Real,  a 
town  in  the  N  £  part  of  the  ifland  of  St, 
Domingo,  on  the  road  from  St.  Domingo 
city  to  Daxabon.  It  it  fituated  near  the 
head  of  Yuna  River,  which  empties  into 
the  bay  of  Samana ;  la  leagues  N  W  by  W 
of  Cotuy,  and  about  38  eagerly  of  Daxa- 
bon.  It  Hands  on  a  beautiful  plain  among 
the  mountains.on  the  very  fpot  where (7i«i- 
rhiiex,  cacique  of  the  kingdom  of  Magna, 
had  refided.  In  1494, or  149J,  the  fettlc- 
ment  of  this  to\vn  was  begun  by  Colum- 
bus. Eight  years  after,  it  had  become  a 
city  of  importance,  and  fomctimes  during 
the  year,  there  were  '.440,000  crowns  in 
gold,  minted  at  this  place.  It  was  almoA 
deflroyed  by  an  earthquajcc  in  1564. 
fega,  St.  yago  dc  la.  Sec  Spamjh  Torun, 
Vcjoi,  or  Morro  dt  Vejai,  on  the  coaft 
of  Pci  II,  is  about  half  a  league  from  the 
ifland  of  I.obos. 

F<la,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America,  in  about  lat.  li  N,  and 
Jong.  7  a  W,  and  about  18  leagues  N  by  £ 
of  the  town  of  La  Hacha. 

Ftlaty  or  Ftlafco,  a  port  on  the  W  coaft 
of  New  Mexico,  is  7  leagues  N  \V  by  N 
of  the  Morro  Hcrmofa. 

Felicala,  a  town  on  and  near  the  head 
of  the  peninfula  of  California,  near  the 
coaft  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
northerly  from  Anclotc  Point.  N  lat. 
about  ao  35,  W  long.  1 15  JO- 
Venango  Fnt.  See  Tort  FrarV'tn. 
Venango,  a  county  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
bounded  N  by  Warrt",  F.  by  Lycoming, 
S  by  Arniftrong  and  Butler,  W  by  Mtr- 
ccr,  and  N  W  by  Crawford.  It  contains 
889,620  acres,  two  townfliips,  and  1,130 
inhabitants.    Chief  town,  Franklin. 

Venezuelo,  a  province  of  Terra  f  irma, 
bounded  E  by  Caracas,  S  by  New  Hra- 
r.id.t,  W  by  Rio  de  la  Hacha,  and  N  by 
iIjc  North  Sea.  It  abounds  with  game 
and  wild  beafts,  producing  plenty  of  com 
twice  a  year,  with  fruits,  fi'gar,  aad  to- 


bacco, and  the  beft  cocoa  plantations  ii 
America.     It  fpreads  round  a  gulf  of  the 
fame  name  that  reaches  near  30  leagues 
within  land ;    and   the   middle   of  this 
country  is  occupied  by  a  lake  ao  leagues 
long,  and  30  broad,  with  a  circumference 
of  80,  and  navigable  for  velTels  of  30  tons. 
It  communicates  with  the  gulf  by  a  ftrait,' 
on  which  it  built  the  city  of  Maracaibu, 
which  gives  name  to  l>oth  lake  and  ftrait. 
This  city  is  defended  by  fcvcral  forts, 
which  were  attacked  in  the  laft  century 
by  Sir  Henry  Morgan,  and  the  whole 
coaft  laid  under  contribution,  and  Mara- 
caibo  ranfomed.    The  province  is  about 
100  leagues  in  length,  and  as  much  in 
breadth.    It  had  its  name  from  its  fmail 
lagoons,  %vhich  make  it  appear  like  Ve- 
nice at  the  entrance  of  the  lake.    The 
Spaniards  mafiacred  above  a  million  of 
the  natives  in  1528.    In  ijjo.the  country 
was  again  depopulated ;   when  a  great 
number  of  black  flaves  were   brought 
from  Africa,  and  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal epochs  of  the  introdu<!lion  of  negroes 
into  the  W.  Indies.    Soon  after,  a  revolt 
of  the  negroes  was  the  caufe  of  another 
maffacre,  and  Venezuela  became  again  a 
dcfert.    At  prcfent  it  is  faid  to  contain 
about  100,000  inhabitants,  who  live  tol- 
erabty  happy,  and  raife  great  numbers  of 
European  fhecp.     They  cultivate  tobac- 
co and  fugar,  which  are  famous  over  all 
America.    They  manufa<5lurc  alfo  fome 
cotton    ftufl^s.      It   has  many    populous 
towns,  and  its  waters  have  gold  fands. 
Its  capital,  of  the  fame  name,  or  Cora, 
ftands  near  the  fea-coaft,  about  50  miles 
S  £  of  Cape  St.  Roman.    N  lat.  lo  jo, 
W  long.  70  15. 

Venemuelt,  a  fpacious  gulf  of  the  fame 
province,  communicating  by  a  narrow 
ftrait  with  Maracaibo  Lake. 

Vent  a  de  Cruz,  a  town  on  the  ifthmus 
of  Darien,  and  Terra  Firma.  Here  the 
Spanifti  merchandife  from  Panama  to 
Porto  Bello  is  embarked  on  the  river 
Chagre,  40  miles  S  of  the  iatter,  and  ao 
N  of  the  former.  N  lat.  9  a6,  W  long. 
8136. 

Vento  Sierra,  on  the  N  coaft  of  South 
America,  are  mountains  fo  named, behind 
the  land  called  Punta  de  Dtlrio,  oppofite 
Tortugas  ifland. 

Vila  Cruz,  Lo,  the  grand  port  of  Mex- 
ico, or  New  Spain,  having  a  fafe  harbour 
protciSted  by  a  fort,  fituated  on  a  rock  of 
an  ifland  nearly  adjoining,  called  St.  Jolin 
de  Ulloa,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is, 
pethaps,  one  of  the  mcft  confiderable  nla- 


•es  for  t 

vral   cer 
and  the  1 
fent  froir 
cd  thithi 
prodigioi 
by  way  o 
lilands. 
wood,  an 
itants   is 
mongrels, 
is  rather 
around  ir 
It  is  in  tl 
cfTlafcal 
Town,  15 
landed  on 
ing  detern 
the  fliips  t 
men  hithe 
«  £  of  the 
Vera  Cr 
in  the  Ba 
the  N  fid 
See  TUrra 
Veragua, 
joining  W 
with  the  ^ 
South  Sea 
difcovered 
»J03,  to  \ 
title  of  Dul 
•t.    The  F 
woody,  an 
ble  mmes  r 
duft  of  the 
fands  of  tli 
|ua»,  or  Sa; 
poor  place 
river  Vcra^ 
Veragua, 
empties  int 
river  or  lai 
N.     Here 
ifland  at  its 
chorage  is 
main,  wher 
in  from  8  ti 
N  and  E  w 
this  coaft. 
both  fmgly 
Cape  Grac 
Chjgre  Riv 
Vera  Pa-r. 
ftf  CiMtima 
America, 
and  Chiapa 
P-,  and  Soco 
't  is  48  !tac 
1»iid«  arc  mc 


V  E  R 


V  E  R 


flU  for  trade  in  the  world,  being  the  nat- 
ural centre  of  the  American  treafure, 
and  the  magazine  for  ail  the  merchandize 
fent  from  New  Spain,  or  that  is  tranfport- 
ed  thither  from  Europe.  It  receives  a 
prodigious  quantity  of  £a(l  India  produce 
by  way  of  Acapulco,  from  the  Philippine 
Illands.  Mod  of  its  houfes  are  built  of 
wood,  and  the  numlier  of  Spanifli  inhab- 
itants it  about  3,000,  mulattoes  and 
mongrels,  who  call  thcmfclves  white.  It 
ii  rather  unhealthy,  from  the  rank  bogs 
around  it.  N  lat.  19  1 2,  W  long.  97  30. 
It  is  in  the  E  extremity  of  the  province 
of  TIafcala,  or  Los  Angelos.  At  the  Old 
Town,  15  or  16  miles  further  W,  Cortez 
landed  on  Good  Friday,  iji8,  when,  be- 
ing determined  to  conquer  or  die,  he  funk 
the  fliips  that  tranfport  ed  his  handful  of 
men  hither.  La  Vera  Cruz  is  axj  miles 
S  £  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Fera  Cruz,  La,  an  excellent  harbour 
in  the  Bay  of  San-Felife  SanhTag;  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  E/firilu  Samto. 
See  Tinra  Ayftral  M  Efpiritu  Santo. 

Viragua,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma 
joining  W  to  Coda  Rica;  £  to  Panama; 
with  the  North  Sea  en  the  N;  and  the 
South  Sea  on  the  S.  The  coafl  was  fird 
difcovered  by  Chriflopher  Columbus  in 
'503,  to  whom  it  was  granted  with  the 
title  of  Duke,  and  his  poUerity  fUll  enjoy 
it.  The  province  is  very  mountainous 
wocdy,  and  barren;  but  has  inexbaufti- 
ble  mines  of  filTcr,  and  Tome  gold,  the 
duft  of  the  latter  be:ng  found  among  the 
fands  of  the  rivers.  Santiago  de  Vera- 
|ua«,  or  Santa  Fe,  the  capital,  is  but  a 
poor  place ;  and  in  this  province  is  the 
river  Vcragua,  on  which  that  town  (lands. 

Veragua,  the  river  above  mentioned, 
empties  into  the  Tea  18  leagues  S  £  of  the 
river  or  lake  of  Nicaragua,  in  lat.  xo  5 
N.  Here  it  a  very  good  port ;  but  the 
ifland  at  its  mouth  is  foul.  The  bed  an- 
chorage is  on  the  W  and  S  fides  next  the 
main,  where  Oiips  may  rid«  under  fliore 
in  from  8  to  9  fathoms,  and  fitt'e  from  the 
N  and  E  winds,  that  arc  molt  violent  on 
this  coall.  Several  iflands  lie  ntTthe  cohII, 
both  fingly  and  in  cluders,  liom  this  to 
Cnpe  Gracias  a  Dtos  ;  to  the  t^adwaid  is 
Chjgre  River. 

r>ra  Par.,  a  province  pf  the  andieticf 
of  Guatimain,  and  New  Spain,  in  North 
America.  It  has  th,*  bay  of  Honduras 
and  Chiapa  N,  Guatimal.i  S,  Honduras 
r,  and  Sociinulca,  with  pjit  ot  Chiapa  W. 
It  is  48  Itagues  long,  an<l  z8  br<iaj.  The 
lands  arc  niiountaiaou9,yi?'!cii;>2  littlf  corti,. 


but  abounding  in  cedar,  &c.  The  prrof* 
cipal  commodities  aredrugs,cocoa,cottoo- 
wool,  honey,  &c.  It*  capital  of  the  fame 
name,  or  Cohan,  (lands  on  the  W  fide  of  a 
river  which  runs  into  Golfo  Duke,  184 
miles  E  of  Guatiraala.  N  lat.  15  10,  W 
long.  93  15. 

FtrJe,  or  Crein  IJJand,  on  the  N  coaft 
of  S.  America,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  t'vt- 
er  St.  Martha. 

Verde  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflandiw 
N  lat.  aa  ia,W  long.  75  ij.' 

Firde,  Porto,  or  Fedra,  is  on  the  N.  At- 
lantic Ocean,  about  4^  leagues  S  E  by  E 
of  Rio  Roxo.  The  illand  of  BIydones  is 
at  the  entrance  of  this  port,  round  whicU 
(liips  may  fail  on  any  lide,  there  being  7 
fathoms  on  the  N,  where  it  is  llioalelt, 
and  20  fathoms  on  the  S  (ide,  where  i« 
the  beft  entrance  into  the  river.  This  it 
a  port  of  good  trade,  and  fcmetimes  large 
(hips  put  in  here.  The  illands  of  Bayonne 
are  5  leagues  Sof  the  ifland  in  the  mouth 
of  the^port. 

Vttderonne,  OF  La  BourlarJerie,  an  ifland 
on  the  E  cnafl  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland.  It 
is  7  or  8  leagues  long ;  and  at  each  end 
is  a  channel,  through  which  the  waters  of 
the  Labrador  Lakes,  in  the  inner  part  of 
Cape  Breton  Ifland,  difcharge  into  the 
ocean  on  the  £. 

Vere,  a  parifli  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
having  Manury  Bay  in  it  ;  a  very  fecure 
road  for  fliipping. 

Fergennts,  a  poll  town,  and  one  of  the 
mod  growing  and  commercial  towns  of 
Vermont,  \n  Addifon  co.  on  Otter  Creek, 
about  6  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Lake 
Chanaplain.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  a 
gHol.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  feveial 
milh.  It  is  II  J  miles  N  of  Bennington, 
22  S  of  Burlington,  407  N  E  by  N  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  519  from  Wafliington.  The 
towndiip  contains  516  inhahititnts. 

Feritiit,  a  fmall  village,  and  Spanifli 
pl-.intation  of  New-AniUluiia,  and  Terrx 
Firma,  S.  Amerira.  Its  tobacco  is  reput- 
ed the  bed  in  the  world.  It  lies  60  milct 
F,  of  Ciimana. 

Fermeja^  or  I'frmillion  Bay,  On  the  N 
iTioic  cf  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  coaft  of 
L(  uifiana.  It  is  N  W  of  Afcenlion  Bay, 
in  about  lat.  ,?o  N,  and  long.  92  W. 

Ffrmejg,  or  B'rmtjo,  an  illaud  and  {rnti 
on  the  coad  of  Peru,  a  dcgrtcs  N,  an>l  :i 
little  W  of  Lima.  It  ij  4  leagues  fr<mr 
Mongon  N,  anil  6  ficm  Guarmcy  Port  S. 

Feivii'H'i'  linrrytfns,  on  iiic  toad  of 
Br*.r)l,  bstwrrn  the  ifland  ot  St.  John's 

tinl 


ii  id 


I 


V  E  K 


V  ft  R 


and  Sypomba  Tfland,  which  are  7  leagues 
afunder.  Here  it  a  large  bay  with  £oud 
anchorage. 

Vomlliottt  Purple^  Or  Xed  Sea,  a  name 
given  by  feme  to  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Vermi{liBn  Point,  called  alfo  Long  Point, 
is  the  peninfula  between  Bay  Puan  and 
Lake  Mic'  igan, 

Vermillion  River,  iti  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, runs  N  W  into  Illinois  River,  near- 
ly oppoGte  tlie  S  W  end  of  Little  Rocks, 
and  167  miles  from  the  Miffifippi.  It  is 
30  yards  wide,  but  fo  rocky  as  not  to  be 
navigable. 

Vermillion  Indians  rcfide  320  miles  up 
the  Miami  of  the  Lake. 

Vermont,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
Anurica,  lies  between  lat.  4a  44  and  45 
>f,  and  between  long.  71  3a  and  73  aj 
W.  It  is  bounded  N  by  1,.  Canada ;  E 
by  N.  Hampfliirc,  from  which  it  is  fcpa- 
rated  by  ConnetSlicut  River  ;  S  by  Maf- 
fachnfetts  ;  and  W  by  the  State  of  N. 
York.  No  part  of  the  State  is  nearer 
than  70  or  80  miles  of  any  part  of  the 
ocean.  Computing  by  the  latitudes,  the 
length  of  the  State  from  the  fouthern  to 
the  northern  boundary  is  157^  miles : 
the  mean  width  from  E  to  W  is  about  65 
miles :  this  will  give  10,337  J  fquarc  miles 
of  land  and  water.  It  is  divided  into  1 1 
counties,  viz.  thufe  on  Connecticut  Kiv 
er  from  S  to  N  arc  Windham,  Windfor, 
tlrange,  Caledonia,  and  Eflex  ;  in  a  fimi- 
lar  diredlion,  along  the  N.  York  line,  are 
the  counties  of  Bennington, Rutland,  Ad- 
(iil'on,  Chittenden,  and  Franklin,  between 
r.hich  laft  and  Effex  lies  the  county  of 
Orleans, on  the  N  hnt  of  the  State.  Thefe 
are  fuhdivided  into  upwards  of  ajo  town- 
fliips,  which  are  generally  ft  miles  fquare, 
a  part  of  which  w  •  granted  by  the 
governor  of  N.  Hampiliire,  and  the  oth- 
er part  by  Vermont.  lu  thofc  townfliips 
granted  by  the  former,  a  ri^jhr  of  land  is 
t.efetvcd  lor  the  firft  fettled  minifter,  one 
as  a  glebe  for  the  the  Eptlcopal  church, 
one  for  the  fociety  for  propagating  the 
g(ifpcl,  and  one  for  lutiport''>g  »  '<>"" 
kliool.  In  thole  granttd  by  the  latter, 
arc  rciirvtd  a  college  rij;ht,  a  right  for 
the  Aipport  of  county  gi  ammar-lchools, 
B  right  for  the  K.pporl  of  town  fthools, 
and  a  right  for  tlie  fnpport  of  the  gofpcl. 
In  ihtft  ref(.iv.itii>iis,  liUtial  provilion  is 
mude  for  the  fuppoit  of  the  golpel,  and 
fur  tl>e  nromoiion  oi"  common  and  colle- 
giate tiUicatiur..  \i\  1 8co,  according;  to 
|lu  ceniii-t  then  takfii,  the  nuiiibtr  cf  in- 
hribitfutt  in  :UU  i;!;*!f  ^^^  J54  4^,'-    '^"'"■' 


people  are  an  indudrious,  brare,  hardy, 
adU'*!  frugal  race.  The  foil  is  deep,  and 
of  a  dark  colour,  rich,  moift,  warm,  and 
loamy.  It  bears  corn,  wheat,  and  other 
kiiids  of  grain,  in  large  quantities,  as  foon 
as  it  is  cleared  of  the  wood,  without  any 
ploughing  or  prepariition  ;  and  after  the 
nrft  crops,  naturally  turns  to  rich  paf- 
turc  or  mowing.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try exhibits  very  different  profpedU. 
Adjoining  to  the  rivers,  there  are  the 
wide  cxtenlive  plains  of  a  fine  level  coun- 
try. At  a  fmall  diflance  from  them,  the 
land  rifes  into  a  chain  of  high  mountains, 
interfe(5led  with  deep  and  longr  vallics. 
Defcending  from  the  mountams,  the 
flreams  and  rivers  appear  in  every  part 
of  the  country,  and  afford  a  plentiful  fup- 
ply  of  water.  Through  this  State  there 
IS  one  continued  range  of  mountains, 
which  are  called  the  Gmn  Mountaim, 
from  their  perpetual  verdure,  and  gives 
name  to  the  State.  They  extend  from 
Lower  Canada  S,  through  the  States  of 
Vermont.Manachiifctts,  and  ConnedUcut, 
and  terminate  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
fca-coaft.  Their  general  diredlion  is  from 
N  N  £  to  S  S  W,  and  their  extent  is 
through  a  tradt  of  country  not  lefs  than 
400  miles  in  length.  They  are  generally 
from  10  to  I  j  miles  In  breadth,  arc  much 
inteifedled  with  vallies,  abound  with 
fprings  and  dreams  of  water,  and  are 
covered  with  woods.  Ktllington  Feak, one 
of  the  highed  of  the  Green  Moontains, 
i»  3.454  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 
All  the  dreams  and  riyers  of  Vermont 
rife  among  the  Green  Mountains ;  about 
35  of  them  have  an  eaderly  direiflion,  and 
fail  into  Connedlicut  River  ;  about  aj 
run  'vederly,  and  pay  tribute  to  Lake 
Champlain.  Two  or  three  running  In 
the  fame  diretflion  fall  into  HudK>n'8 
River.  In  the  north-eafterly  parts  of  the 
State,  4  or  5  flrcams  have  a  northerly 
dire«Aion,  and  difcharge  their  waters* 
into  Lake  Mcmphreniagog ;  from  thence 
through  the  river  St.  I<'rauc!8,  they  com- 
municate with  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
The  mod  confidtriiblc  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  Green  Mountains,  are  Otter  Creek, 
Onion  River,  La  Moille,  and  Michilcnui. 
On  the  £  fide  of  the  Green  Mountains, 
the  rivers  are  not  fo  large  as  tliofe  on  the 
W,  but  they  are  r^iorc  uumeroiis.  The 
larged  are  Want.iftiqin.-k,  or  Weft  River, 
White  River  and  Pooulbonifuck.  The 
earth  is  generally  covered  with  fuow 
from  the  middle  ot  Dtreniber  to  the 
middle  ct  March,  .tnu  in  foiuc  high  lands. 


VIA 


VIC 


n,  hardy, 
deep,  and 
arm,  and 
and  other 
es,aifooQ 
thout  any 
I  after  the 

rich  paf- 
the  coun- 
profpcA*. 
■e  are  the 
eve\  coun- 
them,  the 
nountains, 
ng  vallies. 
itains,   the 
:vcry  part 
:ntiful  fup- 
statc  there 
mountains, 
Mountaini, 
,  and  gives 
xtcnd  from 
e  States  of 
lonnetSticut, 
niles  of  the 
tion  is  from 
r  extent  is 
ot  lefs  than 
re  generally 
K,  arc  much 
nund    with 

,   and  are 

Mountains, 
f  the  ocean. 
»f  Vermont 
lins ;  about 
relation,  and 
about  «5 
te  to  Lake 
running  in 
Hudfon's 
parts  of  the 
a  northerly 
itir    waters 
rom  thence 
they  com- 
Lawrcncc- 
;  W  fide  of 
)tter  Creek, 
Michilcoui. 
Mountains, 
thofe  on  the 
roiis.    The 
Weft  River, 
ifuck.    The 
with   fiiow 
,btT    Ui  the 
t  high  lantJs, 


u 


ttt  the  depth  of  4  or  5  feet.  Since  the 
courttry  has  besn  cleared,  the  winters 
IiaVe  proved  milder.  Vegetation  advan- 
ces in  tlie  fpring  with  great  rapidity.  Iron 
and  lead  ores  of  feverui  kinds,  pipe  clay, 
which  has  been  wrought  into  durHbkcru* 
cibles,  and  vad  quantities  of  white,  grey, 
and  variegated  marble, have  been  found  in 
different  parts  of  tlus  (latev  The  truc'cof 
Vermont  is  principally  to  Bofton,  Port- 
land, Hartford  and  N.  York  ;  to  which 
places  the  inltabitant^i  export  hurfesi'Beef, 
pork,  butter,  cheefe,  wheat,  flour,  iron, 
nails,  pot  and  pcatl  aflies.  Great  advan- 
tages tnay  accrue  to  Vermont,  from  the 
manufadiures  nf  iron.  Large  quantities 
of  iron  ore  are  founU  in  feveral  of  the 
towns  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Green  Moun- 
tains. Tinmouth,  Rutland,  Pittsford,  and 
Shoreham  contain  great  quantitie!;.  '(he 
ore  in  thefe  towns  is  of  a  rc^dilli  kind, 
mixed  with  earth,  tindlnred  with  yellow 
ore.  It  m&lts  eafily,  and  produces  from 
ont  fourth  to  one  ftventh  of  iinn.  The 
iron  is  moIUy  of  a  coldiliirc  kiiid  ;  works 
eaiily,  and  makes  excelleat  nails.  I'he 
principal  part  of  the  ore  hitherto  ufed, 
has  been  brought  from  a  mountain  on 
the  W  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  4 
miles  N  of  Crown  Point.  Some  grains  of 
pure  iron  nearly  as  big  as  a  pci  have 
been  found  in  this  ore  is  fo  rich,  that, 
when  well  tnanaged,  it  will  yield  four  fev- 
cnths  of  pure  iron,  but  is  vtry  hr.rd  to 
melt.  In  179a  feveral  forges  and  furna- 
cci  were  ereded.  In  Bennington  c<i.  they 
have  X  forge;  in  Rutland  co,  14  ;  in  Atl- 
difoH  CO.  4  ;  and  in  Chittenden  co.  3. 
In  addition  to  which  there  are  3  furnacts 
ia  Rutland  00.  From  thefc,  great  qii.in- 
titici  of  bar  iron  and  nails  are  made.  Na- 
ture, indeed,  feems  to  have  deijgncd  this 
part  of  the  United  States  to  be  the  fc  at 
of  flourifliing  manufadlures  of  every  thing 
that  can  be  made  of  iron  or  fleel.  The 
other  chief  manufaAures  are  pot  and 
pearl  afhes,  maple  fugnr,  and  fpirits  dif- 
tilled  from  grain.  Moft  families  itlanufac- 
ture  a  confiderable  part  of  their  elbthing. 
No  country  is  more  attentive  to  edu- 
cation. A  charter  for  a  richly  endowed 
nniverfity  was  granted  by  the  legiflaturc 
of  this  ftate,  in  1791,  to  be  eftabliflted  at 
Burlington  ;  and  3,^,oco  acres  of  land 
have  been  referved,  in  the  feveral  grants 
made  by  this  flate,  for  its  ufe.  In  iSoo 
a  college  was  incorporated  in  Middlcbury, 
and  1^  now  in  a  flourifliing  flate.  Com- 
mon fchools  are  fupportcd  in  almod  eve- 
ry neighbourhood,  a  coniiiderable  part  of 
Vot.  I.  liii 


the  year;  many  of  the  principal  towns 
have  grammar  fchools  ;  and  thvre  are 
ac^idemies  in  Bwniii.igton,  and  Ptath  m. 
In  179I,  the  flat'' ot  the  militia  u  ^f,  as 
follows  ;  20  regiments  of  infantry,  divid- 
ed into  8  biigades,  and  4  divifions  ;  15 
companies  of  cavalry,  and  6  con<p:iuie9 
of  artillery;  the  whole  computed  atiS.jOO. 
Vermont  ftnds  four  reprefeutatives  to 
Congrel5,and  has  been  fettling  only  fmce 
ahout  thfr  year  1764.  The  Inditins  w«re 
never  numerous  here  ;  and  at  prcUnl 
there  arc  noni-.  The  amount  of  the  ex- 
ports from  this  (lite  in  iboi  was  31,479 
dollars. 

Ffnion,  a  place  in  Suflex  co.  N.  Jerfey, 
£  of  the  lourcc  of  Wall  Kill,  and  about 
21  miles  N  't  of  Newtown. 

rn-Hon,  Mount,  the  feat  of  Gen.  Wafli- 

iugton.      Set  Mount  Vtrnon. 

Fcnion,  formerly  HinfJule,  the  S  cad- 
ernmoft  towntliip  in  Windham  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  Connedlicut  riv- 
er.    It  contains  480  inhabitants. 

Ferreitcs,  a  ftttiement  in  the  French 
part  of  the  IHund  of  Sc.  Domingo,  on  Uic 
S  W  Ivank  of  Artibonitc  river ;  4  miles 
S  by  E  of  the  fettlrmcntof  F<  tit  Riviere. 

Vcrfailcs,  the  chief  town  of  WoDdford 
CO.  Kentucky  ;  fituattd  on  a  fmall  flreani 
which  falls  into  Kentucky  river.  It  con- 
tains a  court  houfi.',  flone  gaol,  and  nbont 
30  houfcs,  and  i  72  inhabitants,  and  lies 
13  miles  W  by  S  of  Lexington,  and  j6o 
from  Wafliington. 

Ve^fiire,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  O- 
range  co.  adjoining  Fairlce, and  containing 
103 1  inhabitant*. 

Fe-t  Bay,  Or  Green  Bay,  in  the  flralts  of 
Northumberland,  in  N.  America,  opeug 
to  the  N  K  oppulite  St.  John's  Idand. 
Tilt  head  t>r  the  bay  approximates  within 
12  miles  of  the  N  eafti-rnmofl  branch  tft 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It  is  about  10  leagues 
N  W  of  TataniMgauche  Harbour,  and 
fcrvcs  in  part  10  ftparate  the  Rritini 
provinces  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Bruni- 
wick. 

r,jp.l  Bay,  OD  the  E  fliore  of  Lake 
Charnplain,  ftts  up  N  £  in  the  townlliip 
of  Charlotte,  in  Vermont. 

yieiofuilfas,  ifles  of  the  Bay  of  Honda, en 
the  coaft  of  Honduras,  or  tht  Span  idi  Main. 

fiffori.i,  a  town  of  New  Mcx'co. 

Vifioria,  an  ifland  ou  the  co;;fl  of  Bra- 
zil, £  of  St.  SebaRian's  Ifland. 

I'tiJnty,  CofCs  is  the  extreme  N  W  point 
of  the  flraits  of  Magellan,  at  ilie  opening 
to  the  S  Pacipc  Ocean.  $  lat  52  ij,  W 
Ion.  76  40. 

Viilory^ 


* 


VIN 


ITIN 


ViStry,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Efles 
CO.  W  of  Ouildhall,  on  Conne<fticuc  river. 
Vienna,  a  port  of  entry  and  pod  town 
of  the  eaftern  fliore  of  Maryland,  Dor- 
chcHcr  CO.  on  the  W  fide  of  Nanticoke 
river,  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth.  It 
contains  about  30  houfes,  and  carries  on 
a  briik  trade  with  the  neighbouring 
fea  ports,  in  lumber,  Corn^,  wheat,  &c. 
Its  foreign  exports  in  Z794r3mounted  to 
1667  dollars.  It  is  15  miles  N  W  of  SaU 
ifbury  31  S  S  £  of  Eaftou,  and  lao  from 
Wafliington. 

Vicuna,  the  capital  of  Greene  co.  Ken- 
tutky,  on  the  N  fide  of  Green  rivrt", 
ahout  ij8  miles  W  S  W  of  Lexington. 

Vienna,  a  town  in  Kenncbeck  co.  Maine, 
N  of  Fayette,  S  of  New  Sharon  aj  milts 
N  W  of  Augufia,  incorporated  iSoz.  It 
»iic1udes  the  late  plantations  of  Golhen 
and  Wyman. 

Vienna,  n  poft  lown  in  Abbeville  co.S, 
Carolina,  651  miles  from  Wallilngton. 

Vienna,  3  town  in  Ohio  co.  Kentucky, 
has  3,6  inluhitants. 

Villede  Mofc,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Tabufco,  4  leagues  from  the  town  of 
Eflnpe,  on  Tabafco  river. 

Villa  Htrmofo,  a  town  of  Mexico  or  N. 
Spuin,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river  which 
fiilli  into  the  Bay  of  Caiopeachy,  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico. 

Vilta  Naoa,  in  Br.iz(l,  about  120  miles 
W  of  Porto  Scguro,  and  as  far  S  £  by  S 
of  Carlofa. 

ViJla  Rica,  or  Almtria,  a  town  of  Tlaf- 
c.i!a  or  New  Spain,  in  N.  America.  It 
(lands  on  the  coadon  a  fmall  river,having 
i\n  iiiditferent  port,  but  in  a  better  air 
than  Vera  Cruz,  ao  leagues  N  of  the  lat- 
ter. A  clandcftine  trade  was  formerly 
earrUd  on  here  between  fotne  of  the 
Spauifli  merchants  on  fliore,.  and  the 
French  of  St.  Domivgo  and  Martinique. 

Villiu,La,Si  town  and  river  of  Vcragua 
and  Guatimala  audience,  in  New  Spain, 
it  i£  about  7  leagues  fram  Nata  bordering 
on  Panama.  The  river  is  very  Iai>ge,and 
at  low  water  breaks  at  the  mouth  as  on  a 
fiat  Oiorc  ;  fo  that  large  Ihips  andior 
within  cannon  fhot,but  barks  of  about  40 
tons  may  go  up  about  a  league  and  a  half. 
The  liarbour  is  a  quarter  of  a  league 
above  the  town.  About  a  league  to  the 
vindward,  is  a  large  rock, generally  cov- 
ered with  vafi  numbers  of  wild  fowl.       | 

Vinalhaven,  u  townfliip  on  the  coafi  of' 
Maine,  Hancock  (o  containing  858  in- 
Jhabitants.  It  is  S  £  of  Deer  lllaod,  and 
D^Q  miles  from  Bofion. 


Vinceuna,  the  capital  of  the  IndiflJte 
Territory,  and  the  feat  of  government, 
fiands  on  the  bank  of  the  Wabafli,  150 
miles  from  its  mouth,  in  lat.  33  N.  Its 
fituation  is  delightful,  being  furrounded 
by  a  prairie  of  4  miles  in  length  and  one 
in  breadth,  mofi  of  which  is  cultivated  by 
the  inhabitants,  the  remainder  is  a  hand- 
fomc  meadow  formed  by  nature,  produc- 
ing good  grafs.  The  foil  here  is  inferior 
to  none  in  the  United  States,  yielding 
eor|)«  rice,  wheat,  tobacco,  hemp,  hops,, 
grapes,  &c.  The  Wabafli  is  navigable, 
moil  of  the  year  as  far  as  this  place,  and 
about  20  milts  below  the  town  is  a  ripple, 
where  mills  may  be  built,  i'u  that  the  far- 
mer may  have  his  wheat  manufadtured 
on  his  way  to  N.Orleans;  which  is  a  good 
market  fur  all  kinds  of  produce.  Com- 
merce centers  here  ;  the  merchants  bring 
their  goods  from  Canada,  down  the  Wa- 
bafli, from  Orleans  up  the  Miffifippi,  and 
from  the  eaficrn  Hates,  down  the  Ohio 
and  up  the  Wabafli.  It  has  7 14  inhabit- 
ants. It  i»  a  pod  town  743  miles  from 
Wafliiugtun.  The  fort  fiands  on  the  E 
fide  of  Wabafli  river.  It  was  eredtcd  in 
the  year  1787,  in  order  to  repel  the  in- 
curuons  of  the  Wabafli  Indians,  and  to 
fecure  the  wefiern  lands  from  intruding 
fettlers.  It  has  4  fmall  brafs  canaon,  and 
is  garrifoned  by  a  Major  and  a  companies. 
The  town  of  Vincents  contained, ia  1792, 
about  1500  fouls,  principally  of  French 
extra<SUon.  It  is  300  miles  S  W  of  Fort 
Recovery. 

Vincent,  St.  onc  of  the  14  captainfikips 
of  Brazil,  and  the  mofi  foutherly  one. 
The  capital  is  an  inconfiderable  place, 
with  only  about  60  houfes,  and  the  har- 
bour will  not  receive  large  vefiTels.  It 
has  5  or  6  fugar  mills,  and  lies  76  leagues 
S  W  of  Rio  Jaueira  S  lat.  23  40,  W 
Ion.  4S  10. 

Vincent,  St.  a  town  On  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil ;  fituatcd  on  Amiaz  Ifland,  in  the 
Bay  of  All  Saints  or  SaucSlos ;  in  which 
ifland  is  the  city  of  Dos  Sandkot,  the  I. 
lying  on  the  W  fide  of  the  entrance  into 
the  ifland.     S  lat.  2415,  W  Ion.  4630. 

Vincent;  de  la  Faxti,  St.  or  Onda,  a  town 
of  Fopayan  and  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  A- 
merica  ;  about  25  miles  eafhvard  of  St. 
Sehafiian,  with  a  port  where  canoes  ftom 
Carthagena  and  St.  Martha  unload  their 
merchandife. 

Vincent,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvanii, 
Chcficr  county,  has  1354  inhabitants. 

Vincent,  St.  one  of  the  Catibl)ee  Ifland  J. 
It   lilt  between  Ci  10,  and  61  x8  W  Ion. 

and 


«»d  bet 
about  I ; 
On  this 
which  ci 
iflue  22 
mills  ;  ti 
Of  an  eai 
eztenfivf 
has  ren^ 
84,000  : 
*3.6oj  a 
fubjedh, 
pofed  to 
the  rema 
of  cultivi 
of  the  Ar 
of  the  na 
Wood)  ex 
the  peace 
fold  the  I 
thofe  of 
(whom  th 
driven  aw 
moderate 
moderate, 
t'ngupon  X 
occafioncd 
troops  feni 
and  a  peai 
»773.and 
time  St.  ■' 
tranquillit 
appears  to 
negroes, 
pariflies, 
drew,  and 
Kingfion, 
others  are 
«ral  bays  a 
dependent 
nient,are 
Union, 
aeres   ; 
acre«.     Of 
about  I40( 
rjon  of  the 
the  little  il 
St.  Vinccn 
produce*  a 
ports  in 
Vincent,  ao 
the  current 
14:  8,incl. 
ftates,  to  th 
ling.   The 
»qr.  271b. 
9*56  galloL 
coffee;  761 
eocoa ;  befi 
Here  they 


21 


VIM 

*tA  between  13  5  and  13  19  N  lat.  being 
about  17  miles  long  and  about  10  broad. 
On  this  ifland  are  fcveral  mountains, 
which  crofs  it  from  N  to  S,  from  which 
iiue  2i  river*  capable  of  turning  fugar 
mills  ;  thcfe  mountains  arc  in  general 
of  an  eafy  afcent ;  the  vallies  fertile  and 
extenfive,  and  the  clearing  the  ground 
has  rendered  the  climate  healthy.  Of 
S4|000  acres  which  the  ifland  contains, 
«j,6o5  are  at  prefent  pofTed  by  Britifli 
fuhjeAs,  and  about  as  much  more  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  held  by  the  Charaibes ;  and 
the  remainder  is  thought  to  be  incapable 
of  cultivation.  This  is  the  only  ifland 
of  the  Antilles,  where  the  fmall  remains 
of  the  natives  (with  a  mixture  of  negro 
blood)  cxill  in  the  form  of  a  nation.  At 
the  peace  in  1 763  the  BritiHi  government 
fold  the  lands  of  St.  Vincent,  as  it  had 
thofe  of  Tobago,  and  left  the  French 
(whom  the  fear  of  coniifcation  had  not 
driven  away)  thofe  the'y  poflefled.  payinga 
moderate  fine,  and  a  yearly  rent  ftill  more 
moderate.  Thcfe  proceedings  encroach* 
ing  upon  the  pofleffinns  of  the  Charaibes, 
occafioned  tlieir  refiflance,  which  the 
troops  fent  againfl  them  could  not  fubdue, 
and  a  peace  was  concluded  with  them  in 
t773,and  lands  afligned  them;  fincethat 
time  St.  Vincent  has  enjoyed  internal 
tranquillity.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
appears  to  be  1450 'whites,  and  11,853 
negroes.  St.  Vincent  is  divided  into  4 
pariflies,  St.  David,  St.  Patrick,  St.  An- 
drew, and  St.  George.  lis  towns  are 
Kingfton,  the  capital,  and  Richmond  ;  the 
others  are  villages  or  hamlets,  at  the  fev- 
«ral  bays  and  landing  places.  Theiflands 
dependent  on  the  St.  Vincent's  govern- 
ment, are  Bequia,  containing  3700  acres ; 
Union,  ttso  acres ;  Canouane,  1777 
aires  ;  and  Muftique  .  above  noo 
acre*.  Of  the  above  11,853  negroes, 
about  1400  are  employed  In  the  cultiva- 
tion of  thefe  iflands.  There  are  likewife 
the  little  iflots  of  Petit  Martinique,  Petit 
St.  Vincent,  and  Ballefeau,  each  of  which 
produce*  a  little  cotton.  The  total  ex- 
ports in  1788,  in  ii»  veflels,  from  St. 
Vincent,  amounted  in  value,  according  to 
the  currentprices  in  London, to  £ii6,4SO 
14  :  8,  including  exports  to  the  American 
ftates,  to  the  value  of  JC9019  :  i  ;  8  fter- 
ling.  The  cargoes  confifted  of  65,ii8cwt. 
iqr.  171b.  fugar,  88,266  gall0nB  rum  ; 
9656  gallons  molaflet ;  634cwt.  iqr.  51b. 
coffee ;  76i,88olbs.  cotton ;  I43cwt.  a4lb. 
cocoa ;  befide  hides,  dvin^  woods,  &c. 
Kerr  they  cultivate  cinaamoni  mango, 


ViR 

ftfamum,  vanilla,  China  tallowtree,  cam- 
phor, gumflorax,  &c.  It  is  about  20 
leagues  W  of  Barbadoes. 

Vinctiit,  Port  St.  ow  the  coaft  of  Chill,  in 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  6  miles  N  N  E  of 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Blobio,  having  a 
fafe  harbour,  and  fecurc  againft  all  winds 
but  the  W,  which  blows  right  in.  Talca- 
guama  Port  is  6  miles  to  the  N  of  it. 

Plncehto,  a  channel  on  the  W  fide  oftbe 
channel  of  Amiaz  Itland,  in  the  Bay  of 
All  Saints,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil. 

f^iner't  IfljitJ,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  lies  N 
E  of  the  mouth  of  Albany  river. 

FineyarJ,  Neiu,  a  townlhip  in  Kenne- 
becW  CO.  Maine,  on  the  twoNcaftern- 
moft  branches  of  Sandy  river,  has  336  in- 
habitants, about  fifty  nine  miles  N  by  W 
of  Brunfwick,  and  37  N  W  of  Haliowell. 

Vineyard,z  townfliip  on  the  Ifle  of  Mot- 
tc,  in  lake  Champlain,  in  Grand  iHe  co. 
Vermont,  called  till  x8oa,  IfltMotte.  It 
contains  135  inhaliitantB. 

Vineyard  Sound,  on  the  S  caftern  coaft 
of  MaiTachufctts,  it  the  ftrait  or  paifage 
between  the  Elizabeth  Iflands  and  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard.  The  S  W  channel  of 
which,  about  7  miles  broad,  has  Gay 
Head  on  the  S  £  and  the  Sow  and  Pigs 
on  the  N  W. 

Fiftr  Kty,  one  of  the  Tortiigas,  on  the 
coaft  of  Florida  ;  5  miles  N  eadward  of\ 
Duck  Key,  and  3^  E  of  Old  Matacomhe. 

Virgil,  a  military  townfliip  of  Ononda- 
go  CO.  N.  York,  having  DryJen  on  tiie  W, 
Cincinnatus  E,  Homer  N,  and  on  th<-  S, 
230,000  acres  of  land  on  Sufquchar.na 
river,  ceded  to  the  ftate  of  MafTacliu- 
fetts.  It  is  under  the  jurifdiiSVion  of 
Homrr,   which    was     incorporated     in 

Virgin  Gerifo,  one  of  the  principiil  of 
the  Virgin  Illes,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  lies 
4  leagues  E  of  Tortula,  and  of  a  very  ir- 
regular fliapc.  Its  gtenteft  Ierj;lh  from 
E  to  W  is  about  18  miles  ;  is  worfc  wa- 
tered than  Tortula,  and  has  fewer  inhab- 
itants. A  mountain  which  rifes  in  its 
centre,  is  affirmed  to  contain  a  ill ver  mine. 
Nht.  18  18,  W  Ion.  64. 

Virginia,  one  of  the  United  .Itates,  lies 
between  36  30  and  40  .10  N  lat.  and  be- 
tween 75  54  and  83  8  W  Ion.  from  Lon- 
don. It  is  in  length  446  miles,  in  breadth 
324 ;  containing  about  7«,oco  fquare 
miles.  Bounded  N  by  Maryland,  part  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  Ohio  river  ;  W  by 
Kentucky ;  S  by  N.  Carolina,  and  E  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  This  (late  is  divia> 
cd  into  90  counties,  which  follow  ; 

TABLE 


ii 


^m 


u 


u 


ml 


VIB. 


ViR 


T  A  B  L  K.                       II 

W'Jl  "/the 

BUeB'ig*. 

Cfl'mtier. 

<.  t.i 

Ohio 

Hampfliire 

Mdnongalia 

Berkly 

Waihington 

b'rederick 

MontgumerT 

Shenandoah 

■W,  the 

Kockfngham 

Botetourt 

Augufta 

Greeubriar 

Rockbridge 

Kanawa 

Bettueen  the  Blut  Ridg 

eanitbe  fide  Water t. 

Lnudoua 

Henry 

Fauquier 

I'itifylvania 

Culpepper 

Halifax 

Spotfylvania 

Charlotte 

Orange 

Prince  Edward 

Louifa 

Cumbeiland 

Goochland. 

Powhatan 

Flavaiiia 

Amelia 

Albemarle 

Nolaway 

Ainherft 

lAinenbarg 

Bedford 

Mecklenburg 

Buckingham 

til  iinfwick 

Bit-ween  Jamet  i 

'iter  and  Cirolina. 

Grccnfville 

Southampton 

Dinwiddle 

Ide  of  Wight 

Chefterfield 

N*nfemond 

Princefi  George 

Norfolk 

Surry 

Princcb  Ann 

Suflcx 

Betvften  yamis  i 

mfTori  Riven.               ' 

Henricq 

Williamfburg 

Hano\er 

York 

New  Kent 

Varwick 

Charles  City 

Elizibetti  City            j 

James  City 

i 

Betvietn  Tdri  end  I 

'affiabanfidei  Rivers.        | 

Caroline 

Eflex                             1 

King  William 

Middlefex                   \ 

King  and  Queen 

Glouccftcr 

Between  Rafpabannoci 

and  Pato-wmae  Riv- 

tt                                        1 

Tairfaz 

't.                                        1 
Richmond 

Prince  Williatn 

Wtftmoreland 

Stafford 

Northumberlan4 

King  George 

Lancader 

Eafien 

'  f-bore.                              ! 

Accomac 

Northampton            i 

NexuC 

o'intiet. 

Campbell 

Vlidifon 

Franklin 

iVIatlews 

Harrifoa 

Piitrick 

Randolph 

Wo.)d 

Hardy 

Lee 
Nottoway 

Pendleton 

Rufitl 

Grayfon 

Munroc 

The   inhabitants  ar 

e534'3^9<>  frw»  *°^ 

345,796  flave*. 

' 

In  an  extenfive  country,  it  will  be  txpet^ 
ed  that  the  climate  is  not  the  Tame  in  all 
its  p  trts.  It  is  remarkable  that,  proceed- 
ing •<!  tho  fame  parallel  of  latitude  wefl> 
wardly,  the  climate  becomes  colder  in 
like  manner  as  when  you  proceed  north* 
wardly.  This  continues  tu  be  the  cafe 
till  you  attain  the  fummit  of  the  Allegha- 
ny.  From  thence,  rlefccndiug  in  the 
fame  latitude  to  the  MilFifippi,  the  change 
reverfes ;  and,  if  we  may  believe  travel- 
lers, it  becomes  warmer  there  than  it  is 
in  the  fame  latitude  on  the  fea  fide.  Their 
teftimony  is  (Irengthened  by  the  vegeta- 
bles and  animals  which  fubfif^  and  multi- 
ply there  naturally,  and  do  not  on  the 
fea  coali  Thus  catalpas  grow  fpontancr 
oufly  on  the  MifllQppi,  as  far  as  the  lati- 
tude of  3  7,  and  reeds  as  far  as  38.  Par- 
roquets  even  winter  on  the  Scioto,  in  the 
39th  degree  of  latitude.  The  S  W  winds, 
£  of  the  n>ountains,  are  mod  predom- 
inant. Next  to  (hefe,  on  the  fea  coafl, 
the  N  E  aud  at  the  mouutaius,  the  N  \V 
wi  ids  prevail.  The  N  E  is  loaded  wiik 
vapoui ,  infpmuph  that  the  fait  manufac- 
turers have  found  that  their  cryftals 
would  not  flioot  while  tjiat  blows  ;  it  oc- 
cafious  a  diflrefllng  chill,  and  a  heavinefi 
and  deprelBon  of  the  fpirits.  The  N 
W  is  dry,  cooling,  eladic  and  animating. 
The  E  and  S  E  breezes  come  on  generally 
in  the  afternoon.  They  have  advanced 
into  the  country  very  fenfibly  within  the 
memory  of  pquple  now  living.  Mr. 
JefTerfon  reckons  the  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold  to  be  98  above,  and  6  bilow  o,  in 
Farenheit's  Thermometer.  The  months 
of  June  and  July,  thoagh  often  the  hotted, 
are  the  moft  hea'thy  in  the  ypar.  The 
weather  i^  then  idry  and  lefs  liable  to 
change  than  in  Augud  and  September, 
when  the  rain  pommfpces,  and  fuddea 
variations  take  place.  On  the  fea  poaft, 
tlie  land  is  low,  genetaliy  within  12  feet 
of  the  level  of  the  fea,  interfe<fled  in  all 
diredlions  with  f^lt  creeks  and  rivers, 
the  heads  of  which  form  fwamps  and 
marfh<8,  and  fenny  groupd,  covered  with 
water,  in  wet  feafons.  the  uncultivated 
lands  are  covered  with  large  trees,  and 
thick  underwood.  Thp  vicinity  of  the 
fea,  and  fait  creeks  and  rivers  occafion  a 
condaiU  moiflure  and  warmth  of  the  at- 
mofphere,  fo  that  although  under  the 
fame  latitude,  100  or  150  miles  in  the 
country,  deep  fnows,  and  frozen  rivers 
frequently  happen,  for  a  fliort  feafon^ 
ye(  here  u^ch  occmrencet  are  coniidered 

,        ai 


VIR 


VIR 


ai  phenomena;  for  thefe  reafons,  the 
treet  are  often  in  bloom  at  early  as  the 
lad  ot  February  ;  from  this  period,  liow- 
ever,  till  the  end  of  April,  the  inhabitants 
are  incommoded  by  cold  rains,  piercing 
winds,  and  fharp  iroAi,  which  l'ubje^£tj 
them  to  the  Inilammatory  dilcafes,  fucli 
aspleurify  aud  peripneuniony.  The  chief 
rivers  are  Roanoke,  James',  Naufcmond, 
Chickahominy,  Appamatox,  Rivannu, 
York,  Piankatank;  Rappahannock,  Pa- 
towmack,  Shenandoah,  the  great  and  lit- 
tle Kanhaway,  Staunton  and  Green  Briar. 
Thefe  rivers  and  creeks  arc  dcfcribed  un- 
der their  refpetSliva  names.  They  abound 
iwith  fiOi  of  various  kinds,  as  (largeoii, 
iliad,  bafs,  carp,  flieeplhead,  drum,  lier- 
rings,  percli,  catfifli,  oyfters,  crabs,  &c. 
It  is  worthy  notice,  that  the  mountains 
arc  not  folitary  and  fcattered  confufedly 
over  the  face  of  the  country;  but  com- 
mence at  about  150  miles  from  the  fea 
coafl,  are  difpufcd  in  ridges  one  behind 
another,  running  nearly  parallel  with  the 
fea  coad,  though  rather  approaching  it  as 
they  advance  north  eaftwardly.  See  41- 
lerhimy  Mountuint.  hi  the  fame  dircdtion 
generally  are  the  veins  of  limellone,  coal, 
and  other  mintrals  hitherto  difcovered  ; 
and  fo  range  the  falls  of  the  great  rivers. 
But  the  courfes  of  the  great  rivers  are  at 
right  angles  with  thefe.  James  and  Pa- 
towmack  penetrate  through  all  the  ri.lges 
of  mountains  eallward  of  the  Alleghany, 
which  is  brokc^n  by  no  water  courfe.  It 
is  in  fa(Sl  the  fpine  of  the  country  between 
the  Atlantic  un  one  fide,  and  the  Mi/Ti- 
fippi  and  St.  Lawrence  on  the  other.  The 
paHage  of  the  Patowmack  through  the 
Blue  Ridge  is  perhaps  one  of  the  moft 
flupendous  fcencs  in  nature.  The  moun- 
tains of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  of  thefe,  the 
Peaks  of  Otter,  arc  thought  to  be  of  a 
greater  height  meafured  from  thtir  bafe, 
than  any  others  in  Virginia,  and  perhaps 
in  N.  America.  From  data,  which  may 
found  a  tolerable  conjedture,  we  fuppofe 
the  higheft  peak  to  be  about  4000  feet 
perpendicular,  which  is  not  a  fifth  part  of 
the  height  of  the  mountains  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, nor  one  third  of  the  height  whic^ 
would  be  Qecefiiary  incur  latitude  to  pre- 
fcrveice  In  the  open  air  unmcltcd  through 
^e  year.  The  ridge  of  mountains  next 
beyond  the  Blue  Ridge,  calh  d  the  North 
Mountain,  is  of  the  greated  extent  ;  for 
which  reafon  they  are  named  by  the  In- 
dians the  End'eis  Mountains.  The  Ona- 
^otQ  Mountains  are  jo  or  60  miles  wide 
^t  t|ie  Gap.     Thefe  mountains  abound 


hi  coal,  lime,  and  free  (lone ;  the  fummite 
of  them  arc  generally  covered  with  a  good 
foil,  and  a  variety  of  timber ;  and  the 
low,  intervale  lands  are  lich  and  remark- 
ably well  watered.  The  whole  cmmtry 
below  the  mountains,  which  are  al)out 
150,  fomtf  fay  aoo  miles  from  tlie  lea,  it 
level,  and  feenis  from  various  appcaran* 
ces  to  have  been  once  walhed  by  the  fea. 
The  land  between  York  and  James  rivers 
is  very  level,  and  its  iurface  about  40  feet 
aiiove  high  wat»-r  mark.  It  appears  from 
i)l»fervati..u,  to  have  arifcn  to  its  preient 
height  at  diflerent  periods  far  diflant  from 
e«h  other,  and  that  at  ihcfe  piriodsit 
was  walhed  by  the  iea  ;  for  near  York- 
town,  where  the  banks  are  petpuidicular, 
you  firft  fee  a  Jli.itum,  intei mixed  with 
fmall  flitlk  rerembling  a  mixture  of 
clay  and  land,  and  about  5  teet  thick; 
on  this  lies  hoi  izont ally,  fmall whitefli ells, 
cock'e,  clam,  Ike.  an  inch  or  two  thick  ; 
then  a  body  of  e nth  fimilar  to  that  firft 
mentioned,  i8  inclus  thiik;  then  a  layer 
of  {iicllsai.d  asiothcr  body  of  earth;  on 
this  4  layer  of  3  feet  of  white  fliclls  mixed 
with  fand,  on  which  lay  1  body  of  oyller 
flielh  6  feet  thick,  which  were  cohered 
with  earth  to  the  furface.  The  oyfter 
(hells  are  fo  united  by  averj'  ftrong  ce- 
ment, that  they  fi.ll  only  vhcn  undermin- 
ed, and  then  in  Urge  bodies  from  i  to  la 
tons  weight.  'I'hcy  have  the  appearance 
of  large  rocks  on  'ti:c  fliore.  The  foil 
below  the  mountains  feems  to  have  ac- 
quired a  character  for  goodncfs  which 
it  by  no  mean.'*  dcferves.  Though  not 
rich,  it  is  well  fuited  to  the  growth  of  to- 
bacco and  Indian  corn,  and  parts  of  it  for 
wheat.  Good  crops  of  cotton,  flax  and 
hemp  are  alfo  raifed  ;  and  in  fome  coun- 
ties th(.y  have  plenty  of  cyder,  and  cxquif- 
ite  brandy,  diftilled  from  peaches,  which 
grow  in  great  abundance  upon  the  numer- 
ous rivers  of  the  Chefapeak.  The  plant- 
eis,  before  the  war,  paid  their  principal 
attention  to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  of 
which  there  ufedto  be  exported,  gcnerii'- 
ly,  55,000  hogfiieads  a  year.  Since  the 
revolution,  they  are  turning  their  atten- 
tion more  to  the  cultivation  oi  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  barley,  (lax  and  hemp.  It  it 
expedled  that  this  State  will  add  the  art'- 
cle  of  rice  to  the  lift  of  her  exports  ;  at 
it  is  fuppofed,  a  large  body  of  fwamp  in 
the  eafternmoft  counties,  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing it.  Horned  or  neat  cattle  are 
bred  in  great  numbers  in  the  weflern 
counties  of  Virginia,  as  well  as  in  the 
States  S  of  it,  where  they  have  an  extcn- 

fiv<{ 


ma 


VI  R 


V  I  R 


fivr  range,  and  mild  winters,  without  any 
permanent  fnow«.     They  run   at  large, 
arc  not  houfed,  and  multiply  very  fad. 
The  gentlemen,  being  fond  of  pleafure, 
itave  taken  much  paint  to  raife  a  good 
breed  of  horfes,  and   have  fucceeded  in  it 
beyond  any  of  the  State*.     They  will 
give  loool.  (Icrling  for  a  good  feed  horfe. 
Horfe  racing  has  had  a  great  tendency 
to  encourage  the  breeding  of  good  horfet, 
as  it  affords  an  opportunity  of  putting 
them  to  the  trial  of  their  fpeed.      They 
are  more  elegant,  and  will  perform  more 
ft-rvice,  than  the  horfes  of  the  northern 
States.' '    Caves  among  the  mountains, 
have  lately  been  difcovered,  which  yield 
faltpetre  in  fuch  abundance,  that  joo.ooo 
pounds  of  it  might  be  collected  from  them 
annually.     Virginia  is  thought  to  be  the 
mofl  pregnant  with  minerals  and  folTils  of 
any  State  in  the  Union.      A   lingle  lump 
of  gold  ore  has  been  found,  near  the  falls 
of  Rappahannock  river,  which  yielded 
17  dwt.  of  gold,  of  extraordinary  du<£Ulity. 
Hi)  other  indication  of  gold  has  been  dif- 
covered in  its   neighbourhood.      On  the 
great  Kanh.iway,  oppofite  to  the  mouth 
of  Cripple  Creek,  and  <ilfo  about  15  miles 
from  the  I'outhern  boundary  of  the  State, 
in  the  county  of  Montgomery,  are  mines 
of  lead.     The  metal  is  mixed,  fometimes 
with  carth,andfometimes  with  rock.which 
requires  the  forceof  gunpowdertoopenit; 
and  is  accompanied  with  a  portion  of  filver, 
too  fmall  to  lie  worth  reparation,  under 
any  procefs    hitiierto   attempted   there. 
The  proportion  yielded  is  from  50  to  80 
lb  of  pure  metal  from  100  lb.  of  waflied 
ore.    The  moll  common  is  that  of  60  to 
the  100  lb.     Copper,  iron,  black    lead, 
coal,  marble,  limeflone,  &c.  are  found  in 
this    country.      CryO^al*    are     common. 
S.>ine  amcthyfts,  and  one   emerald  have 
been  difcovertd.    Every  able  bodied  free- 
man, between  the  ages  of  16  and  50,  is  en> 
rolled  in   the   militia.     Thofc   of  every 
county  are  formed  into  companies,  and 
thefe  again  into  one  or  more  battalions, 
Recording  to  the  numbers  in  the  county. 
' "f  hey  are  commanded  by  Colonels  and 
pther  fubordinate  officers,  as  in  the  reg- 
ular fervice.     In  every  couivty  is  a  coun- 
ty lieutcnayit,  who  commands  the  whole 
thilitia  in  his  county,  but  ranks  only  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  field.    They  have  no  gen- 
leral  officers  always  exining.    Thefe  are 
ftppointed  occafionally,  when  an  invalion 
or  infurredlion  happens,  and  their  com« 
inifTion  ceaffs  with  the  occafiop.     The 
Gqveraor  is  head  of  the  military  as  web 


as  civil  power.    The  law  requires  every 
militia  man  to  provide  himfelf  with  the 
arm*  ufual  in  the  regular  fervice  The  in- 
terfc<ftton  of  Virginia  byfo  many  navigable 
rivert,renders  it  almoflincapableof  defence. 
As  the  land  will  not  fupport  a  great  num- 
ber of  people,  a  force  cannot  foon  be  col- 
ledted  to  repel  a  fuddcn  invafion.    If  the 
militia  bear  the  feme  proportion  to  the 
number  nf  iaiiabitants  now,  as  in    1782, 
they  amount  to  about  75,000.    This  (late 
it  not  divided  into  townfhips,  nor  are 
there  any  towns  of  confequence,  owing 
probably  to  the  interfe(5lion  of  the  coun- 
try by  navigable  rivers,  which  brings  the 
trade  to  the  doors  of  the   inliabiiaats. 
Norfolk  will  probably  become  the  empo- 
rium for  all  the  trade  of  the  Chefapeak 
Bay  and  its  waters  ;  and  a  canal  of  8  or 
10  miles,  which    is    contemplated,  will 
bring  to  it  all  that  of  Albemarle  Sound 
and  its  waters.    The  Coik-ge  of  \^'illiam 
and  Mary  was  founded  about  the  begin- 
ning of  the  laft  century.    See  JVilliamJburg, 
In  Prince  Edward  county  is  a  college  by 
the  name  of  Hampden  Sydney  college, 
Wafhington    College,   at   Lexington,    is 
handfomely  endowed,  and  is  one  of  the 
mofl  flourifhing  literary  inftitutions  in  the 
State.    There  are  academies  at  Alexan- 
dria, Norfolk,  Hanover,  and  other  places. 
The  prcfent  denominations  of  Chriftians 
in  Virginia  arc  Preibyterians,  who  are 
mofl   numerous,  Epifcopalians,  Baptifls, 
and   Methodifls.     The  exports  of  this 
£tate,in  the  year  i79i,endingSept.  30th, 
amounted  to  3,i3i,»a7  dollara;  in  1791, 
3.549.499  dollars  ;    in  1793,    4,984,317 
dollars  ;  in  1794,   3,3Zi,494  dollars  ;  in 
i796,5.a68,6i5dolIars;  in  1797,4,908,713 
dollars;  in  1798,  6,113,451   dollars;  in 
1801,  4,660,361  dollars.    The  tonnage  of 
Virginia  in  1798   was,  69,586  tons.     In 
1790,  about  40,000  hogfheads  of  tobacco 
were  exported  ;  but  its  culture  has  fince 
declined,  and   that  of   wheat  taken   its 
place.    The  greatefl  quantity  of  tobacco 
ever  produced  in  this  country,  in  one  year, 
was  70,000  hhds.  in  the  year  1758.    Vir- 
gitiia  was  fettled  permanently,  after  fev- 
eral  preceding  unfuccefsful  attempts,  in 
1610,  being  the  eariiefl  cAabliflicd  of  any 
ofthc  United  States. 

Firgin  J/tandt,a.  grOttp  Of  fmall  iflsAds 
in  the  W.  Indies,  E  of  th*  Iflatid  of  Por- 
to Rico,  belonging  to  different  European 
powers.  They  extend  fdr  the  fpace  of 
%A  leagues,  from  E  to  W,  aad  about  x6 
leagues  from  N  to  S,  and  nearly  approach 
the  E  coafl  of  Porto  Rico.     Th«y  afe 

every 


VIR 


WAC 


-tftrj  way  dangerous  to  navigators,  though 
there  is  a  bafon  in  the  inidlk  of  them  ot  6 
or  7  leagues  in  length,  and  3  or  4  in 
breadth,  in  which  fliips  may  anchor  and 
be  Sheltered  and  land  locked  from  uU 
winds  ;  which  is  named  the  Bay  of  Sir 
Francis  Drake,  from  his  having  paOed 
through  them  to  St.  Domingo.  1  hofe 
which  arc  occupied  and  inhabited  appear 
under  their  refpeiSlive  names ;  but  others 
are  deftitute  both  of  names  and  inhabit- 
ants. The  Britlth  and  Danes  poiTefs  mod 
ef  them  ;  but  the  Spaniards  claim  thofe 
near  Porto  Rico.  The  ifland  of  yirgin 
Cordj,  on  which  depend  Anegada,  Nick- 
er, Prici^Iy  Pear,  Mofquito  lllands,  Cam- 
auoes.  Dog  Iflands,  the  Fallen  City,  the 
Round  Rock,  Ginger,  Cooper's,  Salt,  Pe- 
ter's, and  Dead  Ched,  belong  to  the  Brit- 
f&  ;  at  alfo  Tortola,  on  which  depend  Jofl 
Van  Dykes,  Little  Van  Dykes,  Guana, 
Beef,  and  Thatch  IHands.  I'o  the  Danu 
belong  St.  Tlomat't  JJland,  on  which  Brafs, 
Little  Saba,  Buck  liland.  Great  and  Little 
St.  James,  and  Bird  Ifland  are  dcplfendant ; 
with  St.  yobtt't,  to  which  depend  Lavango, 
Cam,  and  Witch  Iflands  ;  and  they  have 
alfo  Santa  Illand,  or  St.  Croix.  The  Sfan' 
itrdt  claim  Serpent's  Ifland,  (called  by  the 
Britifli  Green  illand)  the  Tropic  Keys, 
Great  and  Little  Pafiage  Ifland,  and  par- 
ticularly Crab  Ifland.  The  Booby  birds 
are  fo  tame  on  Bird  Ifland,  that  a  man,  it 
is  faid,  in  a  Ihort  time,  may  catch  fufficient 
in  his  hand  to  fupply  a  fleet.  Thefe  ifl- 
ands  lie  about  lat.  18  20  N,  and  the  courf* 
through  them,  with  due  attention,  is  per* 
feftly  fafe  at  W  by  N  and  W  N  W  as  far 
as  the  W  end  of  the  fourth  Ifland.  Leave 
this  on  the  ftarboard  fide,  and  the  ifland 
called  Foul  CliiF,  on  the  larboard,  be- 
tween which  there  is  16  fathoms,  and  a 
free  channel  to  the  weftward,  before 
there  is  any  alteration  of  the  courfe  ;  for 
though  there  be  but  6  or  7  fathoms  in 
feme  places,  it  is  no  where  fhoalcr,  and 
in  fome  places  there  is  from  16  to  30 
fathoms.  The  ifland  of  Anguilla,  on  the 
M  fideof  St.  Martin's  L  is  £  S  £  from  them. 

Firgin  Mary,  Cape,  the  N  £  point  of 
the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magellan, 
in  the  S.  Atlandc  Ocean,  is  a  ftcep  white 
diff  S  lat.  5»  3a,  W  Ion.  67  54.  The 
variation  of  the  compafs,  in  1780,  was  24 
30  E. 

FirgtH  Roch,  off  the  S  £  part  of  the 
coaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  10  leagues 
fi  £  of  Cape  Race.  N  lat.  46,  according 
to  others,  lat.  46  30,  and  thefe  lafl  fay  17 
1 18  \t*gw»  $  £  by  £  of  Cape  SaJUard. 


Vithria,  St,  Juan  dt,  a  city  of  PerU> 
See  (JuamjKjfa,  its  molt  common  name. 

VuLunii  JJland,  between  Swallow  Ifland 
and  Santa  Cruz,  about  8  leagues  N  oi  the 
latter,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  which  Mcii- 
dana,  in  1595,  faw  a  volcano,  which  flam- 
ed continually.      S  lat.  10  30. 

f'aluntoxvitfA  towulliip  ou  the  E  lint-  of 
Conne«Sicut,  Windham  tO.  E  of  Plaiufield, 
19  N  E  of  Norwich,  ami  a6  S  W  of  Pj ovi- 
doncc.  It  was  fettled  in  1696,  havir.g 
been  granted  to  voluntctrs  in  the  t.uw;i- 
ganlec  war  ;  hence  its  name,  it  w^s 
incorporated  in  1 719,  it  has  a  large  Iwanp 
abounding  with  white  piiic,  luilicitnt  to 
fupply  the  neighbouring  towns  with  ma* 
tcrials  for  building.     Inhabitants  1119. 


W 

rr   ABASH,  is   a  beautiful   navigable 

river,  of  the  Indiana  'lerritory,  which 
runs  a  S  W  and  fouthern  courfe,  and  cmp« 
ties  into  the  Ohio,  by  a  mouth  270  yards 
wide,  in  lat.  37  j6  N,  168  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  1032  miles  below 
Fittfburg.  In  the  fpring,  fummcr,  and 
autumn,  it  is  paE'able  in  battcaux  and  bar- 
ges, drawing  about  3  feet  water,  412  miles 
tuOuiatanon  ;  and  for  large  canoes  197 
miles  furthcTito  the  Miami  carrying  place,* 
9  miles  from  Miami  village.  This  viU 
lage  (lands  on  Miami  river  which  emp- 
ties into  the  S  W  part  of  Lake  Erie.  The 
communication  between  Detroit  and  the 
Illinois  and  Ohio  countries,  is  up  Miami  R. 
to  Miami  village,  thence  by  land  9  miles, 
when  the  rivers  are  high,  and  from  1 8  to 
30  when  they  are  low,  through  a  level 
country  to  the  Wabafh,  and  through  the 
various  branches  of  the  Wabafh  to  the 
places  of  dcfUnation.  The  land  on  this 
river  is  remarkably  fertile.  A  filver  mine 
has  been  difcovered  abaut  28  miles  above 
Ouiatanon,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
Wabafh.  Salt  fprings,  lime,  free  flone, 
blue, yellow,  and  white  clay,  are  found  in 
plenty  on  this  river.  The  copper  mine 
on  this  river,  is  perhaps  the  richeft  vein 
of  native  copper  in  the  bowels  of  the 
whole  earth.  See  Vuutnntt  and  Ouiatu- 
non. 

Waiafi,  Little,  runs  a  courfe  S  S  E,  and 
falls  into  the  Wabafh,  10  miLa  from  the 
Ohio. 

IVacbvuia,  or  DoWi  Parijh,  a  tradt  of 
land  in  N.  Carolina,  between  the  £  fide  of 
Yadkin  river,  and  the  head  waters  of  Haw 
aad   Deep    rivers,   couUAipg   of   about 

lOO.COft 


'^'\ 


% 


W  A  t 


WAL 


100,000  acre<,  partly  in  fitoVe*  and  Surry 
counties.  The  United  JJrethren,  or  M«- 
raviant,  purchal'ed  thii  trad):  of  Lord 
Granville,  in  1751,  Rm^  called  it  Wacho- 
VSa,  after  the  name  of  an  cftate  of  Count 
Zinxcndorf,  in  Germany.  In  1 75J,  it  was 
made  a  fcparntc  parini,  and  named  DobbN, 
b"  the  legiilature.  'Ihe  fettlemcnt  of 
Cethabara,  wa*  begun  in  1 753,  by  a  num- 
ber of  the  brethren  from  Pennfylvania. 
Salem,  wiiicii  i.i  the  principal  fettlement, 
commenced  in  T766,  and  is  inhabited  by 
a  number  of  ingenious  tradefmen.  This 
thriving  p  iriHi  liek  about  10  miles  S  cf 
Pilot   M'jut.tain,  and  contains  6  churches. 

Waebjuiil.tufj,  an  ancient  Moravian  fet- 
tlemcnt ill  Conne<5licut,  on  Stratford  riv- 
er ;  13  miles  from  its  mouth. 

lVachufJMntintiiin,\n  the  towD  of  Prince- 
ton, Maiiiacliufetts,  may  be  fcen  in  a  clear 
horizon,  at  the  diftance  of  67  miles,  l>ein2 
3989  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Tea. 

IVadeJhartugb,  tli«  chief  town  of  Anfon 
CO.  in  Fayetteviils  dinridt,  N.  Carolina. 
It  conttiins  a  court  houfe.  gaol,  and  about 
30  hoMfe«,  and  being  feated  on  a  lofty  hill, 
is  both  picafint  and  healthy.  It  is  76 
miles  W  by  S  of  Riycttcville,  50  S  E  by  S 
•f  Salifbury,  and  407  from  Wafliington. 

Wjdmtlaiv,3ia\\\?si&  near  Ch^rIeflon,S. 
Carolina.  By  a  bridge  over  a  fmall  creek 
it  is  joined  to  John's  ifland. 

Wadfioortb,^  tovirn  of  N.  York,  Ontario 
CO.  on  the  E  bank  of  GenefTte  river. 

tVadkam  IJIands,  near  the  N  E  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.  N  lat.  49  57,  W 
lon.J3  37. 

Wager^s  Strait,  or  R'tv:r,  in  New  N. 
Wales,  in  N.  America, lits  in  lat.  65  23  N, 
and  is  about  a  or  3  miles  wide.  At  5  or  6 
miles  within  its  entrance,  it  is  6  or  8 
leagues  wide,  having  fevdal  idands  and 
rocki  in  the  middle.  It  has  foundings 
from  16  to  30  and44  fathoms;  andthe  land 
0.1  both  fideii  is  as  high  (.'•ccording  to  Cap- 
tain Middleton's  account)  as  any  in  Eng- 
land. Savage  Sound,  a  fmall  cove  or  har- 
bowr,  fit  for  (hips  to  anchor  in,  lies  on 
the  northern  fhore,  13  or  14  leagues  up 
the  flrait,  in  Ion.  87  18  W.  All  the  coun- 
try from  Wager's  Strait  to  Seal  river,  is 
in  fome  maps  called  New  Denmark.  Capt. 
Monk  was  fent  thither,  in  1610,  by  the 
king  of  Denmark,  and  wintered  at  a  place 
called  Monk's  Winter  Harbour,  in  lat.  63 
ao  N,  which  muft  be  a  little  N  of  Rankin's 
Inlet.  When  Capt.  Ellis  was  in  this  lat. 
the  tide  ran  at  the  rate  of  from  8  to  10 
leagues  an  hour.  He  compare!  it  to  the 
lIuiceofamilL 


tVMl'fuUtXhe  S  cafternmod  townfhip  of 
Chittenden  CO.  Vermont,  containing  473 
inhabitants. 

fViiit's  JRlvtr,  rifes  In  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, and  empties  into  Connecticut  riv- 
er, at  Bradford. 

fV.ijnmial,  an  Indian  town  on  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  about  400  miles  from  its 
mouth.  In  thefpringof  1736, the  Indians 
fliot  %  feaU  here,  and  they  could  not  fiif- 
/iclently  exprefs  their  aftonifliment  at  the 
light  of  thefo  animals  unknown  to  them. 

IVute,  -.tn  inland  co.  of  Hillfborough  dif- 
tria,  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  W  by 
Orange,  and  E  ;ind  S  E  by  Johnfon.  It 
contains  12,768  inliabitanis,  including 
3906  (laves.     Chief  tov/n.  Raleigh. 

f",:iefeU,  formerly  Eafttozvi,  and  W/ttir- 
town,  a  townfliip  of  Stratford  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  E  of  Wolf  borough,  incorporated  in 
'•7'/ 4-  It  contains  835  inhabitants.  In 
the  N  E  part  is  •>  pond  which  is  the  fource 
of  P  fcat.iqna  river. 

Waiiamatv,  a  beautifnl  lake,  a6  miles 
in  circuit,  in  Bladen  co.  N.  Carolina.  The 
lands  on  its  E  fide  are  fertile,  and  the  lit- 
uation  delightful  gradually  afcending  from 
the  flioies  ;  bounded  on  the  N  W  by  vaft 
rich  fwamps,  fit  for  rice.  This  lake  is  the 
fource  of  a  fine  river,  of  the  fame  name, 
and  runs  a  foutherly  courfe,  for  70  or  80 
miles,  and  empties  into  Winyaw  Bay,  at 
Georgetown,  in  S.  Carolina. 

Walden,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  Cale- 
donia CO.  having  Danville  on  the  S  £.  It 
cpntaiiis  153  inhabitants. 

Witldohorough,  a  poft  town  and'  port  of 
entry  in  Maine,  in  Lincoln  co.  12  miles  S 
by  W  of  Warren,  10  E  bv  S  of  Newcrtf- 
tie,  20  E  of  Wifcaflet,'and'683  from 
Walhington.  Mulkongiti  river  runs  near- 
ly through  the  middle  of  the  town.  Ihis 
is  the  port  of  entry  for  the  diilridk,  lying 
between  the  towns  of  Camden  and  North- 
port  ;  and  all  the  fhoren  and  waters  from 
the  middle  of  Damarifcotta  river  to  the  S 
W  fide  of  the  town  of  Northport.  The 
townfliip  of  Waldoborough  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1773,  and  contains  151 1  inhabit- 
ants.   See  Mvjlongus. 

Waldo  Patent,  a  tra<St  of  land  forming 
the  S  E  part  of  Hancock  co.  in  Maine,  and 
on  the  W  fide  of  Pcnobfcot  river  and 
bay. 

IValcs,  Nm>  Soutb,  a  country  of  vaft  ex- 
tent, but  little  known,  lying  round  the 
fouthern  part  of  Hudfon's  Bay. 

V^attt  New  Ncrtb,  an  extenfive  territo- 
ry of  N  America  ;  having  Prince  Wil- 
liam's Land  N,  part  of  Baflin's  Bay  E,  and 

feparatcd 


fi!paratti 
river 

Urates, 
Ti  miles 
iioflon. 

HTalhai 
ern  br.inc 
month  of 
Delaware 
ianlndiFr 
Walhr. 
Qiicen  CO 
ington. 

tVall,  i 
5795.3  re 
ill  the  neij 
Carolina, 
a  confider; 
of  a  mile,  1 
a  mile,  fro 
"  and  a  h 
Atlantic  C 
miles.   Its  I 
Since  its  di 
been  made 
depth,  and 
compofed. 
below  the 
generally  ri 
as  it  finks, 
wall,  to  the 
pearance  o 
The  thickr 
2  feet.     Its 
ed ;  but  fro 
bee!i  funk, 
more  than 
parallel  wit 
Above  the  [ 
line.     It  the 
circle,  for 
ceeda  in  a  r 
or  7  feet  ou 
face,  on  cac 
even ;  all  th 
and  ihape. 
of  a  conimoi 
than  the   ei 
large  [tones  ; 
the  wall ;  tJ 
great  numbe 
terftices  beti 
the  ftone  iso 
cnt  from  any 
One  quarry,  \ 
the  wall  of  a 
cement  is  of  i 
*o  contain  n 
€d,  yields  iroi 
covery  of  thi 
Vol.! 


iflvip  at 
ng  473 

:o.  Vcr- 
cut  rit- 

Sufque- 
from  it» 
>  Indians 

not  ftif- 
nt  at  the 
)  them, 
jugh  dif- 
I  W  by 
nfon.  It 
ncludin]^ 
li. 

id  Ifntr- 
ij.  Hamp- 
orated  in 
ant».  In 
he  fource 

16  mites 
ina.  The 
id  the  lit- 
idiiigfrom 
W  bjr  vaft 
lake  it  the 
ime  name, 

70  or  80 
w  Bay,  at 

ont,  Cale- 
SE.    It 

port  of 
1  miles  S 
Newc:«f- 
683  fTor^j 
runs  ncar- 
wn.    lliis 
Iridk,  lying 
ndNortV 
aters  from 
r  to  the  S 
tort.    The 
incorpo- 
I  inhabit* 

id  forming 
Maine,  and 
river   and 

of  vaft  es- 
round  the 

ve  territo- 
rince  Wil- 
Bay  E,  and 
feparatcd 


WAL 

J't!paratcd  from  New  S.  Wales,  8  by  Seal 
rivcT 

tFafft,&  plantation  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
t.r  miles  N  E  of  I'ortiand,  and  180  from 
iioflon.     It  contains  366  inliabituntN. 

WalhaWmg,  the  Indian  name  of  an  caft- 
ern  brancli  of  Muricingum  river,  at  the 
noutli  of  which  ftood  Uofchachgucnk,  a 
Delaware  town,  and  fcttlcmcnt  of  Ciirid- 
ian  Indie  ns. 

IVaUtrtoii,  a  poll  town  in  King  and 
Queen  co.  Virginia,  i  JO  miles  from  Wafti- 
ington. 

IVall,  SiiL'trran.'ous.  About  the  year 
179J,  a  remarkable  wall  was  dUcovered, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Sali/biiry.  in  N. 
Carolina.  Itsdiftance  from  Third  Creek, 
a  conliderable  ftream,  is  about  one  quarter 
of  a  mile,  from  the  S.  Yadkin  river  about 
a  mile,  from  the  Oreat  Yadkin  river  about 
7.  and  a  half,  or  3  miles  ;  and  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  not  left  than  160  or  170 
miles.  Its  diret^ion  is  nearly  II  W  and  S  E. 
Since  its  difcovery  various  attempts  have 
been  made  to  afcert^in  its  length,  breadth, 
depth,  and  the  materials  of  which  it  is 
compofed.  Its  top  is  at  unequal  diftances, 
below  the  furface  of  the  earth  ;  though  it 
generally  rifcs  as  the  furface  riles,  and  finks 
as  it  (inks.  A  pit  has  been  dug  befide  the 
wall,  to  the  depth  of  47  feet,  but  no  ap- 
pearance of  its  termination  downwards. 
The  thicknefs  is  uniformly  the  fame,  viz. 
a  feet.  Its  length  has  not  been  afcertain- 
ed ;  but  from  the  place  where  the  pit  has 
been  funk,  the  w;kil  is  known  to  extend 
more  than  100  feet  down  the  lull,  and 
parallel  with  a  branch  which  runs  near. 
Above  the  pit  it  extends  i  jofeetin  a  direct 
line.  It  then  forms  a  fegment  of  a  large 
circle,  for  about  15  feet,  and  then  pro* 
ceeda  in  a  right  line,  parallel  with,  but  6 
or  7  feet  out  of  its  firft  diretflion.  '^i'he 
face,  on  each  fide  the  wall,  ns  fmooth  and 
even;  alltheftones  of  an  irregular  fize 
and  fhape.  The  largeft  are  near  the  fize 
of  a  common  brick,  the  fmalleft  not  larger 
than  the  end  .of  a  man's  thumb.  The 
large  ftones  are  all  laid  lengthwife,  acroft 
the  wall ;  the  fmall,  of  which  there  is  a 
great  number,  are  ufed  to  fill  up  the  in- 
terftices  betweeu  them.  The  texture  of 
the  fttme  is  of  a  peculiar  kind,  and  diiFer- 
cnt  from  any  in  the  neighbourhood,  except 
one  quarry,  whu!i  is  atthediftance  from 
the  wall  of  about  one  half  of  a  mile.  The 
cement  is  of  a  whitifli  colour,  an4  appears 
to  contain  much  lime ;  but  when  analyz- 
ed,yields  iroa  without  any  linjc.  The  dif- 
cov«ry  of  this  wall,  which  caa  fcar^ly  be 
Vol.1.  Kkkk 


WAL 

thought  a  natural  produiftion,  feemi  to 
ftrengthen  tl>e  opinion  of  thofe  who  be* 
lieve  that  this  weftern  world  has  once  be- 
fore been  inhabited  by  a  civilized  people, 
or,  atleaft  vifitcd  oftcner  than  hiftory  in« 
forms  us  of,  and  prior  to  its  authenticated 
difcovery  by  Columbus.  Or  it  may  be  con-« 
fidered  as  a  proof  of  the  Mofaic  account. 

IFjllingforJ,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Rutland  co.  E  of  Tinmouth.  It  contains 
912  inhabitants. 

lyallincfurJ,  a  pleafant  port  town  of 
Connc(Slicut,  N.  Haven  co.  13  miles  S  W 
of  Middleton,  and  13  N  E  of  New  Ha- 
ven, 'ihis  townlhip,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Ci^iriiiiLiiuc^e,  was  fettled  m  1671  ; 
is  divided  into  two  pariflics,  and  con- 
tains 3214  inh:)bitantj.  It  is  12  miie« 
long,  and  7  broad. 

Iryatlei'fi'ille,  a  poft  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Georgia,  729  mills  from  Wafliington. 

IfjlUill,  a  rlvtT  of  Orange  co.  N. 
York.  It  is  a  flujrgilh  ftream,  40  or  50,000 
acres  of  land  on  its  banks,  being  overflow- 
ed, a  conliderable  part  of  the  year,  which 
expofcs  the  inliabitants  of  the  vicinity  to 
intermittent  feveri.  It  is  fuid  that  the 
channel  might  t  My  be  fo  dccptnid,HS 
to  prevent  the  lands  from  being  drowned, 
and  the  people  from  fickncfs. 

JVjllim,  a  towndup  of  N.  York,  Or- 
ange CO.  on  the  creek  of  its  n-jmc,  nbout 
I?  milts  N  by  E  of  Goflien,  ii  W  of 
Newburgh,and  ^s8  N  W  of  N.  York  city. 
It  contains  J592  inhabitants. 

IValtiut  Cove,  This  is  a  beautiful  traifk 
of  8  or  io,oco  acres  of  land,  at  the  low- 
er end  of  Powell's  Valley,  bounded  N  W 
by  Cumberland  Mountain,  and  S  W  by 
Crofs  Mountain,  running  from  the  Cum- 
berland almoft  at  right  angles,  8  or  9  miles 
long,  very  fteep,  high  and  regular.  Thefc 
mountains  afford  to^ihc  inhabitants  of  the 
Cove  a  moft  romantic  profpedt.  It  con- 
tains fome  elegant  filuation^ 

IViilnut  Hills,  are  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
MlfTifippi  river,  in  the  Mifnfippi  Terri- 
tory, a  little  S  of  the  mouth  of  Yazoo  riv- 
er, in  lat.  33  20  N,  and  Ion.  15  45  W  of 
Philadelphia.  Fortifications  to  a  confid- 
erable  extent  were  creAcd  here  by  the 
Spaniards  before  the  place  was  given  up 
to  the  Americans.  This  poft  is  a  very 
important  one,  and  capable  of  being  made 
very  ftrong.  Here  were,  iu  1800,  80  in- 
habitants. 

IVjllnomfihiici,  a  fmall  branch  of  Hoo- 
fack  river,  Vermont. 

Ifall^aci,  a  townfliip  in  Suftex  co.  N. 
Jerfcy.on  Delaware  river,  about  11  miles 

Wef 


,  H.ll 


WAP 


WAR 


W  of  Newtown,  and  50  N  W  of  Brunf- 
wick.  It  contHiacd,  in  1790,  496  iiihalv 
itan:s. 

H'alpolt,  a  pod  town  of  N.  Hampdiirc, 
ClieOiiro  CO.  on  tlie  caftern  fide  of  Con- 
tie^tlciit  river,  11  milea  S  of  Charlcflowrn, 
14  N  W  by  N  of  Kecnc,  108  W  of  I'ortf- 
mouih,  and  475  from  W^illungtoa.  The 
lownihip  contains  174J  inliHbitantii. 

H^al/>oL;'-4  townfitip  of  M.ifTjchurcttA, 
Morfolkco.  on  the  great  roa'i  to  Provi- 
dence, and  20  miles  S  W  of  Boflon.  It 
rri\%  incorporated  in  1724,  and  containo 
^iif  inhabitants. 

IVj//'i»gb^im,  Ci/>e,  is  on  tljc  E  fide  of 
Cumberland's  Ifland,  in  Iludfon's  Straits. 
N  bt.  6a  39,  W  Ion.  77  s^•  High  water, 
at  full  and  chang::,  at  it  o'clock. 

Ifiillfjiim,  a  tokvnlhip  of  Mali'iichtifctts, 
Middlefcx  co.  it  miles  N  WorBofloii. 
It  wa^ incorporated  in  1737,  and  contains 
93.;  inhabitants. 

U'^altbtim,  or  iV.jI'i/im,  a  villaf»e  in  Hen- 
rico CO.  Virginia,  on  the  N  lidc  of  James' 
river,  4  mitis  N  W  of  Richmond. 

IValtou,  where  is  1  pod  ofHcc,  in  Dela- 
ware CO.  N.  York,  447  miles  from  Walli- 
in^ton. 

tV,i/;i/>iiiiei,an  Indian  tribe,  allies  of  the 
HiiroiiH. 

H'aiinfpatiicict  River,  rifei  in  Glouccftcr, 
Rhode  Illand,  and  falls  into  Providence 
river  -.  mile  and  a  half  N  W  of  Wcybof- 
f«'t  hridjje.  Upon  this  liver  fornuTly 
flood  ths  only  powder  mill  in  this  State, 
and  within  one  mile  of  its  mouth  there 
arc  a  flitting  mill,  2  paper  mills,  2  grid 
mills  with  4  run  of  ftoncs,  an  oil  mill,  and 
a  f.Mv  mill 

lFait(io,7\  fliort,  broad  river  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, which  rifes  in  Chatltflnn  diflritfl, 
and  empties  into  Cooper's  river,  a  few 
miles  above  Charledon. 

Hr.ittooactte,  an  idand  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  2  miles  in  extent  from  S  E 
to  N  W.  It  is  about  10  miles  at  N  W  by 
W  from  the  N  end  of  Watcehoo  Illand. 

ffanta^e.si  townlliip  near  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  N.  Jerl'cy,  Suflcx  co.  15  miles  north- 
erly of  Newtown.  It  contained,  in  1790, 
1700  inhabitants. 

IVutttiiJli,:,  the  original  name  of  W.  riv- 
er, Vermont. 

IVxippttcamo  River,  a  large  S  branch  of 
Patowmac  river,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  ,^9 
,•^9  N,  where  the  latter  was  formerly 
known  by  the  name  of  Cohongoronto. 

Ifupuroajran  IJlands,  on  the  Labrador 
('oad,  lie  between  lat.  50  and  50  5  N,  and 
between  lun.  59  S5  ii'td  60  30.  W. 


U^arJ,  »  townfliip  of  Maflachufett?, 
Worccftcr  CO.  j  milts  8  of  Worccftcr,  and 
contains  532  inhabitants. 

IVardjhoroHgh,  a  townlliip  of  Vermont, 
Windham  co.  C2  or  15  miles  W  of  Put. 
ney,  and  17  N  E  of  Hcnnington,  and  con- 
tains 1484  inhabitants. 

WunlJhriJgr,  a  port  town  of  N.  York, 
Orange  co.  on  the  Wallkill,  10  miles  N  of 
OoHicn,  36  S  by  W  of  Kingfton.  It  con- 
tains about  40  compact  houfes  and  an 
academy. 

Ifatv,  a  fmill  river  of  MafTachufetts 
which  originate!)  in  a  pond  in  Gerry,  in 
Worccftcr  co.  and  in  Peterfliam  it  re- 
ceives Swift  river,  and  receiving  Quaboag 
river,  wliioh  conies  from  Brookncld,  it 
thence  allumis  the  name  of  Chicabee,  and 
falls  into  Conneillicut  river  at  Springfield. 
Its  courl'c  is  S  and  S  W. 

IVare,  a  townlliip  of  Maflachurettf,  in 
Hamplliire  co.  incorporated  in  1761,  and 
contains  997  inhabitants.  It  is  15  miles 
N  E  of  Springfield,  and  80  W  of  Boflon. 

IVurehamft  pofl  town  of  Maflachufetts, 
Plymouth  co.  at  the  head  of  Buzzard's 
Bay,  on  the  W  fide,  60  miles  S  by  E  of 
Boflon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1739,  ^^^ 
contains  770  inhabitants.  N  lat.  4145, 
W  Ion.  70  40. 

ff^arminjler,  a  fmall  pofl  town  of  Vir- 
ginia, on  che  N  fide  of  James'  river,  in 
Aniherfl  CO.  about  90  miles  above  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  about  40  houfes,  and 
a  tobacco  warehoufe.  It  is  21  miles  from 
Charlottefville,  and  188  from  Wafhing- 
ton.  There  is  alfo  a  towafliip  of  this 
name  in  Buck's  county,  Pcnniylvania. 

IVurM  Spring,  a  ridge  of  mountains 
hears  this  name,  a  part  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  N  W  of  the  Calf  Paflure,  and 
famous  for  warm  fprings.  The  mofl  efll- 
cacious  of  thefe,  are  2  fprings  in  Augufla, 
near  the  foucces  of  James*  river,  where  it 
is  called  Jackfon's  river.  They  rife  near 
the  foot  of  the  ridge  of  mountains,general  • 
ly  called  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  but 
in  the  maps  Jackfon's  Mountains.  The 
one  is  diflinguiflied  by  the  name  of  th^ 
Warm  Spring,  and  the  other  of  the  Hot 
Spring.  The  Warm  Spring  iflTues  with  a 
very  bold  flream,  fufficieut  to  work  a  grifl 
mill,  and  to  keep  the  waters  of  its  bafon, 
which  is  30  feet  in  diameter,  at  the  vital 
warmth,  viz.  96°  of  Fareinheit's  ther- 
mometer. The  matter  with  which  thefe 
waters  is  allied  is  very  volatile  ;  its  fmell 
indicates  ittabc  fulpnyreous,a8  alfo  does 
the  circumftance  of  turning  filver  black. 
.They  relieve  rhcumatil'mi.    Other  com- 

plainti 


WAR 


WAR 


.-■"i 


Ehiatn  ilfo  of  very  riifFrrent  nature*  have 
rcn  removed  or  iLlVmcd  by  them.  It 
rains  hcte  4  or  5  iluyt  in  every  week. 
The  Hut  Spring  it  about  6  milci  Irom  the 
Warm,  i»  much  iintillcr,  and  Iuj  been  To 
liot  a>  to  have  boiled  an  eg^.  Some  be- 
lieve its  dtgree  of  heat  to  he  iefl'encd.  It 
raifei  the  mercury  in  Farcinhcit'i  ther- 
mometer to  1 11°,  which  i«  fever  heat.  It 
fometimti  relieve!  where  the  Warm  Spring 
faili.  A  fountain  of  common  water  ilTu- 
ing  witliin  a  few  inches  of  iti  margin,  give* 
it  a  fingular  appearance.  Comparing  the 
temperature  of  thcfe  witli  tliat  of  tltc  hot 
fpringt  of  Kamfchatka,  of  whicli  Krach- 
tnnlnikow  gives  an  account,  the  diiT'^rencc 
is  very  great,  the  latter  raifmg  the  i..-r- 
cury  to  3CO  degrcer,  wliich  is  within  11 
degrees  of  boiling  water.  Thcfe  fprings 
are  very  much  leforted  to,  in  fpite  of  a 
total  want  of  accommodation  for  the  lick. 
Their  waters  are  flrongeft  in  the  hotted 
months,  which  occafions  their  being  vif- 
itedin  July  and  Augud  principally.  The 
•Sweet  Springs  in  the  county  of  Botetourt, 
at  the  eadern  foot  of  the  Alleghany,  are 
about  forty  two  miles  from  the  Warm 
Springs. 

IVarner,  a  towndtip  of  N.  Hampfliirci 
Hilllhorough  co.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1774,  and  contains  1569  inhabitants. 

IVarren,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  lying 
in  two  tratfts,  one  in  Addifon  co.  adjoin- 
ing  Lincoln,  and  the  other  in  Eflex  co. 
adjoining  Norton.  It  contains  59  inhab- 
itants. 

IVarren,  a  port  town  in  Albemarle  co. 
Virginia,  178  miles  from  Wafliington. 

IVarren,  a  thriving  pod  town  and  the 
chief  in  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  341  miles 
from  Wafliington,  and  76  N  W  from  Pittf- 
burgh.  It  has  a  gaol,  about  230  inhab- 
itants, who  emigrated  from  New  England, 
and  fome  other  States. 

IVarren,  a  county  of  Halifax  difti  i<Sl,  N. 
Carolina.  It  contains  11,046  inhabitants, 
including  5905  flaves.  The  foil  is  rich, 
and  well  watered.  Quarries  of  mill  ftones, 
and  alfo  of  whctftones  are  found  here. 
There  is  alfo  a  mineral  fpring,  efiicacions 
in  fcorbutic  and  bilious  complaints.  More 
than  half  the  people  are  in  flavery  among 
republitans, 

fVarren,  or  Warrenlon,  a  port  town,  and 
the  capital  of  the  abovementioned  county, 
x6  miles  E  by  N  of  Hillfboroiigh,  3?  W 
of  Halifax,  54  N  of  Raleigh,  83  S  of  Pr- 
terfturg  in  Virginia,  and  140  from  Wa(h- 
ingtoD.  The  town  contains  233  inhabit' 
aatt,  107  of  them  are  negroes.    It   ftands 


in  *  lofty,  dry,  and  healthy  fituatlon.  Eu. 
ropeans,  of  various  nations,  rcfide  in  and 
about  the  town.  Here  is  a  rcfpec'table 
academy,  having  generally  from  60  to  70 
ftudents. 

IVarren,  a  port  town  of  Maine,  Lincoln 
CO.  adjoining  Camden  and  Thom.iftonj 
ao3  miles  N  ii  by  N  of  Bofton.  i  his  town- 
fliip  '\i  fcparated  from  that  of  Thomafton, 
by  St.  Ocorge'ii  river  ;  w  is  incorporated 
in  1776,  and  contains  939  inhabitants. 

IVuirtn,A  townfliip  of  Grafton  CO.  N. 
Hampniire,  N  E  of  Orford,  adjoining,  in- 
corporated ill  1763,  and  contains  336  in- 
habitants. 

IVarren,  a  poft  town  of  Rhode  Ifl.ind, 
Bridol  CO.  picafantly  lituatcd  on  Warren 
river,  and  the  N  E  part  of  Narraganfct 
Bay,  4milesNofBriftol,  loSSE  of  Prov- 
idence. This  is  a  llourilhing  town  ;  car. 
ries  on  a  briJlc  coafling  and  W.  India  trade, 
and  is  remarkable  for  fliip  building.  The 
whole  townfliip  contains  1473  inhabit- 
ants. Rhode  IHund  College  was  Rrti 
inditutcc  in  this  town,  and  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Providence. 

fVarren,  a  new  townfliip  of  Hcrkcmer 
CO.  N.  YorL  It  vv.is  taken  from  German 
Flats,  and  incorporated  in  i;y6  and  has 
1445  inhabitants. 

IVarren,  z  townfliip  of  Conne<£bcut,  in 
Litchlield  co.  between  the  tou-nfliipn  of 
Kent  and  Litchtiuld,  having  logj  inhabit- 
ants. 

H^arren,  a  county  of  Georgi.a  cor  taining 
8329  inhabitants,  of  wliom  2058  are  (laves. 

IVarren,  a  county  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 

IVarren,  a  county  of  Pcnnlylvania,  con- 
taining 615,680  acres,  and  233  »iihal">it» 
ants ;  bounded  W  by  Crawford  and  Eric, 
N  by  N.  York,  E  by  Lycoming,  and  S  by 
Venango.   Chief  town,  M'^arren. 

IVsrren,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
E  by  Barren  county,  N  by  H.iidin,  N  W 
by  Ohio  co.  W  by  Logan,  and  S  by  Ten- 
elfee.  It  is  interfedled  by  Great  Barren 
river.  The  inhabitants  are  4645,  of 
whom  417  are  Haves. 

Warren  t  Fnint,  on  the  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia,  is  on  the  E  fide  of  Chebu<fVo  Har- 
bour, about  2  miles  E  of  the  town  of  Hal- 
ifax. It  is  at  the  entrance  of  a  crtck, 
which  receives  Saw  Mill  river  and  other 
flreams. 

fVarrenton,  a  poft  town  in  Warren  co. 
683  miles  from  Wafliington,  the  capital 
of  the  United  States. 

fVnrrington,  the  name  of  two  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania  ;  the  cue  in  York  co.  the 
other  in  Buck's  co. 

ff^arfi^ 


U 


.  t*i 


S 


\*^n 


WAS 


WAS^ 


fVarfjw,  or  Wajfaiu,  an  Ifland  and 
found  on  the  coan:  of  Georgia,  between 
the  mouth  of  Savannah  river  and  that  of 
Ogeechee.  The  itland  forms  the  N  fide 
of  Offabaw  Sound  ;":being  in  a  N  £  direc- 
tion from  Oifabaw  Iflaud.  Warfaw  Sound 
is  formed  by  the  northern  end  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  its  name,  and  the  fouthern  end  of 
Tybeelfland. 

Warva'uk,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  by  York  cbunty,  and  S  by  James' 
jriver,  ivhidi  fcparates  it  from  Ifle  of 
Wight  and  Nanfemond  counties.  It  is 
the  oldeft  county  of  the  State,  having 
been  e(Ubli{hed  in  1628.  It  contains  63  j 
/ree  inhabitants,  and  1024  flaves. 
,  War-wick,  a  townHiip  of  MaiTachufetts, 
in  Hampshire  CO.  incorporated  in  1763. 
It  contains  1233  inhabitants.  It  is  bound- 
ed N  by  N.  HampHiire,  not  far  £  of  Con- 
neAicut  river,  and  is  So  miles  N  W  of 
•Bofton. 

Warwuiek,  the  chief  town  of  Kent  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  at  the  head  of  Narraganfct 
Bay,  on  the  W  fide  ;  about  8  miles  S  of 
Providence.    The  township  contains  25  3  2 
'inhabitants,  including  1 7  flaves.     A  cot- 
ton manufadtory  has  been  cllablifhed  in 
.this  town  upon  an  extenfive  fcale.     One 
of  Arkwright's  machines  was  eretSted  here 
in  Auguft,  1795  ;  and  the  yarn  produced 
anfwers  the  mod  fanguine  expedlation. 
-This  town  was  the  birth  place  of  the  cel- 
ebrated Gen.  Green. 

IVarvuiek,  a  towmdiip  of  N.  York, 
Orange  co.  bounded  E  by  New  Cornwall, 
and  S  by  the  State  of  N.  Jerfty.  It  con- 
tains 3816  inhabitants ;  and  lies  274  miles 
from  Wadiington. 

War-wict,  the  name  of  two  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania ;  the  one  in  Butk's  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Lancader.  In  the 
latter  is  the  fine  Moravian  fcttlement  call- 
ed Litiz ;  which  fee. 

IVariviei,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
Cecil  CO.  on  the  eaftern  fliore  of  Chefa- 
pe.i .  Bay  ;  about  14  miles  ibutherly  of 
JElkton,  8  N  E  of  Georgetown  Crofs  Roads, 
57  S  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  113  from 
Wafliington. 

fVnr-uiet,  a  fmall  town  of  Chefterfield 
CO.  Virginia  ;  agreeably  fituatcd  on  the 
S  W  fide  of  James*  river,  about  7  miles  S 
S  E  of  Richmond,  and  17  N  of  Peterlburg. 
Veflels  of  250  tons  burden  can  come  to 
this  town.  In  1781,  Benedict  Arnold 
deflroyed  many  veflels  in  the  river  and 
on  the  (locks  at  tliis  place 

JVaJhingtoH,  a  county  of  Maine,  and  the 
»oft  eiftcrly  part  of  the   United  States. 


It  is  bounded  S  by  the  ocean,  W  by  Han- 
cock CO.  N  by  L.  Canada,  and  £  by  Ne«r 
Brunfwick.  It  was  eredled  into  a  coun* 
ty  in  1789  ;  the  only  towns  yet  incorpo- 
rated are  Machias,  Steuben,  Columbia, 
Addifon,  Harrington,  and  Eaftport.  The 
coaft  abounds  with  excellent  harbours. 
Although  the  winters  are  long  and  fevere  ; 
yet  the  foil  and  produdlions  are  but  little 
inferior  to  the  other  counties.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  in  this  county  is  4436. 
Chief  town,  Machias. 

V/aJhington,  a  maritime  county  of  Rhode 
Ifland ;  bounded  N  by  Kent,  S  by.  the 
Atlantic  Ocean ;  W  by  Connedlicut,  and 
£  by  Narraganfet  Bay.  It  is  divided  iu- 
to  7  townOiips,  and  contains  16,135  in- 
habitants.   Chief  town,  South  Kingftown. 

W-iJbington,  acounty  of  N.  York;  bound- 
ed N  by  Eflex  co.  S  by  Renflelaer,  S  W 
by  Saratoga,  W  by  Hudlon  river,  and  E 
by  Vermont.  It  contains  35^574  inhab- 
itants. Salem  is  the  chief  town- 
»  fVciJhingtou,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania ; 
fituated  in  the  S  W  corner  of  the  State. 
The  divifion  line  is  as  follows, "  beginning 
on  the  Monongahela  River  at  the  mouth 
of  Ten  mile  creek;  up  faid  Creek  to  Wal- 
laes  mill ;  thence  South  wefterly  to  the 
tidge  between  the  N  and  S  forks ;  thence 
along  the  ridge  to  the  ridge  between 
Whalingand Ten  mile ;  thence  in  a  ftraight 
line  to  the  head  of  Enlows  branch  of 
Whaling  ;  thence  down  the  fame  to  the 
W  boundary  line  of  the  State ;  thence 
round  to  the  place  of  beginning."  It  is 
agreeably  divcrfiiied  with  hills,  which  ad- 
mit of  eafy  cultivation  quite  to  their  fum- 
mits.  It  is  divided  into  22  townfhips, 
and  contains  28,298  inhabitants.  Mines 
of  copper  and  iron  ore  h.ave  been  found 
in  this  county. 

IVaJbington,  the  capital  of  the  above  co. 
and  a  poll  town,  is  fituatcd  on  a  branch 
of  Charter's  Creek,  wliich  falls  into  Ohio 
river,  a  few  miles  below  Pittfburg.  It 
contains  a  brick  court  lioufc,  a  ftonc  gaol, 
a  large  brick  building  fur  the  public  offi- 
ces. A  collcjie  has  been  eflablifhed  here 
with  a  fund  of  feveral  1000  acres  of  land. 
Here  are  nearly  100  dwelling  houfes.  It  is 
22  miles  S  S  W  of  Pittlburg;  2a  N  W  of 
Brownfville,  60  miles  N  by  W  of  Morgan- 
town,  in  Virginia,  325  W  by  N  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  274  from  Wamington.  N 
lat.  40  13,  W  Ion.  80  6  40.  It  is  remark- 
able for  its  manufadlures.  There  are 
3  other  towiifliips  of  the  fame  name  in 
Pennfylvania,  viz.  in  Fayette,  Franklin, 
and  WcllmoreUnd  counties. 


WAS 


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o  a  coun> 


IVaJh'tn^lon,  a  county  of  Maryland,  on 
the  weAern  lliore  ut  Chcfapcak  Bay  ; 
bounded  N  by  the  State  of  Pennfylvania ; 
E  by  Frederick  co.  from  which  it  is  divid- 
ed  by  S.  Mountain  ;  S  W  by  Patowmack 
river,  which  divides  it  from  Virginia,  and 
W  by  Sideling  Hill  Creek,  which  i'cparatC3. 
It  from  Alleghany  co.  This  is  called  the 
garden  of  Maryland,  lying  principally 
between  the  North  and  South  Mountains, 
and  includes  the  rich,  fertile,  and  well  cul- 
tivated valley  of  Conegochcague.  Its 
dreams  furnilli  excellent  mill  feats,  and 
the  lands  are  thought  to  be  the  mod  fer- 
tile in  the  State.  Limcflone  and  iron 
ore  are  found  here.  Furnaces  and  forges 
have  been  eredtcd,  and  coniiderablc  quan- 
tities of  pig  and  bar  iron  are  maunfadtur- 
ed.  Chief  town,  Elizabeth  Town.  It 
contains  18,850  inhabitants  and  2200  be- 
ing flavei. 

tVaJbin^toH,  a  CO.  of  Virginia  ;  bounded 
E  and  N  E  by  Wythe  ;  N  W  by  Ruffcl  ; 
S  by  the  State  of  N.  Carolina,  and  W  by 
Lee.  It  is  watered  by  the  dreams  which 
/orm  Holfton,  Clinch  and  Powell's  rivers. 
There  is  a  natural  bridge  in  tliis  county 
fimilar  to  that  in  Rockbridge  county.  It 
is  on  Stock  Creek,  a  branch  of  Pelefon 
river.  It  contains  8357  free  inhabitants, 
and  817  flavcs.     Chief  town,  Abingdon. 

IVaJhington,  a  c&uaty  of  the  Miflilippi 
Territory  coutaiuing  1250  inhabitants, 
of  whom  497  are  (laves. 

Wajbiitgtan,  a  CO.  of  N.  Carolina  contain- 
ing %iGs  inhabitants  of  whom  645  arc 
(laves ;  at  the  court  houfe  there  is  a  poll 
oilice. 

IVaJhin^ton,  formerly  a  diftrisfl  of  the 
Upper  Country  of  S.  Carolinn,  perhaps 
the  moll  hilly  and  mountainous  in  the 
State.  Now  divided  into  Greenville, 
and  Pendleton  didriii^s,  which  fee.  A 
number  of  old  deferted  Indian  towns  of 
the  Cherokee  nation,  are  frequently  met 
with  on  the  Keowee  river,  and  its  tributa- 
ry Arcams  which  water  this  country. 

Wajhinsrtou,  a  county  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  K  E  by  Mercer,  N  W  by  Nclfon, 
S  E  by  Lincoln,  and  W  by  Hardm.  Con- 
taining 8887  inhabitants  ;i38abcing  (laves. 

H^afiingtoa,  a  county  of  Teneffee.  Wafli- 
ington  college  is  eAablifhed  in  this  county 
by  the  legiHature.  It  contains  6377  in- 
habitants, of  whom  533  are  (laves. 

Wajhington,  a  county  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  eredled  in  1788  within  the  follow- 
ing boundaries,  viz.  beginning  on  the 
bank  of  the  Ohio  where  the  weAcrn  line 
of  Pennfylvania  croflTes  it,  and  running 
v4th  that  lioo  to  Lake  Erie ;  thence  ^long 


the  fouthern  fhore  of  that  lak«  to  ]lie 
mouth  of  Cayahoga  river,  and  up  that 
river  to  the  portage  between  it  and  the 
Tulcarawa  branch  of  Muflcingum ;  thence 
down  that  branch  to  the  forks  of  the  croft- 
ing place  above  Fort  Lawrence  ;  thence 
with  a  line  to  be  drawn  weAeriy  to  the 
portage  on  that  branch  of  the  Big  Miami, 
on  which  the  fort  Aood  which  w:ti  taken 
from  the  French  in  175a,  until  it  meets 
the  road  from  the  Lower  Shawancfe  town 
to  Sandulky  ;  thence  S  to  the  Sciota  R.  to 
the  mou:I#,  and  thence  up  the  Ohio  to  the 
place  of  beginning.  It  has  Gncc  been  di- 
vided, andnow  contains  5427  inhabitants. 

^•^.//Z/«^/c»,  a  county  of  the  U.  Diftriifk 
of  Georgia,  which  contains  15  towns  and 
10,300  inhabitants,  including  2668  flavcs. 
Fort  Fidus  is  lituated  in  the  wefternmoft 
part  of  the  county  on  the  £  branch  of 
Alatamaha  river.  The  county  is  bound- 
ed on  the  N  E  by  Ogcechee  river.  Num- 
bers have  removed  here  from  Wilkes  co. 
to  cultivate  cotton  in  preference  to  tobac- 
co. This  produce,  though  in  its  infan- 
cy, amounted  to  2o8,ocolbs.  weight  in 
1 79  J.     Chief  town,  Golphinton. 

n'ujbington,  a  town  in  Scott  co.  Ken- 
tucky, has  5  70  inhabitants. 

Wojhington,  a  town  of  Beaufort  co.  N. 
Carolina,  containing  601  inhabitants. 

IVaJkington,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  i  a  miles  W  of  Bradford,  and 
contains  510  inhabitants. 

IVoJhingtctt,  a  townfliipof  MalTachufctts, 
in  Bcrkfhire  co.  7  miles  S  E  of  Piltsiicld, 
8  E  of  Lenox,  and  145  W  of  BoAon.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1777,  and  contains 
914  inhabitants. 

Wi;/j;'jiif/(j«,a  townfliipof  N.  York, Dutcli- 
efs  CO.  bounded  S  by  Beukman,  and  W  by 
Poughkeeplie  and  Clinton.  It  contains 
2666  inhabitant.';. 

M^ti/ii/igion,&pi)(i  town  of  N.H.impfliire, 
Chtfliire  co.  firA  called  Camden.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1776,  and  contains  819 
inhabitants  ;  it  is  12  or  14  miles  E  of 
Charlcdown. 

IVaJhington,  a  townfliip  of  Conncdlicut, 
in  Litchlield  co.  about  7  miles  S  W  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  1568  inhabitants. 

IViiJbir^ton  Parljh,  in  Virginia,  on  the 
Patowmac,  about 50  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Here  the  Grandfather  of  Gen.  Walhing- 
ton,  when  he  came  from  England  in  1657, 
took  up  an  cxtcniive  tradt  of  uncultivat- 
ed land.  Here  is  the  feat  of  Col.  Walh- 
ington,  nephew  of  the  (Jeneral,  and  here 
with  pride  are  (hewn  the  ruins  of  the 
houfe  where  IV.iJbingtoiif  "  the  Man  of  the 
Age"  Via.'<  born.  A  number  of  Gcatlcmea 
•  have 


|i|rl 


!i:  m 


WAS 


WAS 


have  it  ia  contemplation  to  ere  A  a  mon< 
ument  on  the  fpot. 

W.iJbingtoH,  a  port  of  entry  and  port 
town  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Beaufort  en.  on 
the  N  fide  of  Tar  river,  in  lat.  35  30  N, 
90  miles  from  Ocrecock  Inlet,  40  from 
the  mouth  of  Tar  river,  61  S  S  W  of  Ed- 
enton,  38  N  by  E  of  Newhern,  131  N  E 
by  N  of  Wilmington,  460  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  31 1  from  Wafliington  City. 
It  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  about  So 
houfes,and  601  inhabitants,  from  this 
town  are  exported  tobacco  of  the  Peterf- 
burg  quality,  pork,  beef,  Indian  corn, 
peas,  beans,  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  rofin, 
&c.  alfo  pine  boards,  fliingles,  and  oak 
ftaves.  About  130  veflels  enter  annually 
at  the  cuftom  houfe  in  this  town.  The 
exports  for  a  year,  ending  the  30th  of 
September,  17941  amounted  to  33,684 
dollars. 

Wajh'mgten,  a  poft  town  of  Kentucky, 
and  the  capital  of  Mafon  county,  about  3 
miles  S  by  "N  of  the  landing  at  Limedone, 
on  the  S  fide  of  Ohio  river.  It  contains 
about  100  houfes,and  570  inhabitants  ;  a 
Prefbyterian  church,  a  handfome  court 
houfe  and  gaol ;  and  is  fad  incrcafing  in 
importance.  It  is  6z  miles  N  E  of  Lex- 
ington, 75  N  E  by  E  of  Frankfot  t,  700  S 
W  by  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  488  from 
Walhington  City.     N  lat.  38  40,  W  Ion. 

84  3»- 

IVaJbingtoH  Court  Houfe,   m  S-  Carohna, 

is  10  miles  from  Greenville,  and  16  from 

Pendleton. 

Wajhlngton,  a  poft  town  of  Georgia,  and 
the  capital  of  Wilkes  co.  50  miles  N  W  by 
W  of  Augulta,  j8  N  by  W  of  Louifvillc, 
48  from  Grecnfborough,  and  646  from 
Wafliington  city.  It  flands  on  the  weft- 
ern  fide  of  Kettle  Creek,  a  N  branch  of 
I.ittle  river,  which  empties  into  Savannah 
river  from  the  £,  about  36  miles  E  of  the 
town.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tained  in  1788,  34  houfes,  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  academy.  The  funds  of  the 
academy  amount  to  about  800I.  Ilerling, 
and  the  number  of  ftudents  to  between 
60  and  70  On  the  £  fide  of  the  town, 
a  mile  and  a  half  diftant,  is  a  medicinal 
fpring,  which  rifes  from  a  hollow  tree 
4  or  5  feet  in  length.  The  infide  of  the 
tree  is  covered  with  a  coat  of  matter  an 
inch  thick,  and  the  leaves  around  the 
fpring  are  incrufted  with  a  fubftance  as 
white  as  fnow.  N  lat.  33  la. 

WafilngtoH  City,  in  the  territory  of  Co- 
lumbia, was  ceded  by  the  State  of  Virginia 
and  Maryland  to  the  Uaked  State,  and 


by  them  eftabliflied  as  the  feat  of  their 
government,  after  the  year  i8oo.    This 
city  flands  at  the  junAion  of  the  river 
Patowraack,  and  the  Eaftern  Branch,  lat. 
38  53  N,  extending  nearly  4  miles  up 
each.     For  although  the  land  in  general 
appears  level,  yet  by  gentle   and  gradual 
fwellings,  a  variety  of  elegant  profpc»Sts 
are   produced,  and   a  fuHicient  defcent 
formed  for  convcyiflg  off  the  water  occa- 
iloned  by  raiu.     Within  the  limits  of  the 
city  are  a  great   number   of    excellent 
fprings  ;  and  by  digging  wells,  water  of 
the  befl  quality  may  readily  be  had.    Be- 
fide,  the  never  failing  (Ircams  that  now 
rnn  through  that  territory,  may  alfo  be 
cnllcfted  for  the  ufe  of  the  city.     The  wa- 
ters of  Reedy  Branch,  and  of  Tiber  Creek, 
may  be  conveyed  to  the  Prefident*s  houfe. 
The  fource  of  Tiber  Creek  is  elevated 
about  236  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide 
in  faid  Creek.    The  perpendicular  height 
of  the  ground  on  which  the  capitol  (lands, 
is  78  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide  in 
Tiber  Creek.    The  water  of  Tiber  Creek 
may  therefore   be   conveyed  to  the  capi- 
tol, and  after  watering  that   part  of  the 
city,  may  be  dcftined  to  other  ufeful  pur- 
pofes.    The  Eafiern  Branch  forms  a  fafc 
and  commodious  harbour,  being  fufficient- 
ly  deep  far  the  largcfi  fliips,  for  about  4 
miles  above  its  mouth,  while  the  channel 
lies  clofe  along  the  bank  adjoining  the 
city,  and  affords  a  large  and  convenient 
harbour.    The  Patowmack,  although  only 
navigable  for  fmall  craft,  for  a  copfidera- 
ble  diftance  from  its  banks  next  the  city, 
(excepting  about  half  a  mile   above  the 
jund):ion  of  the  rivers)  will  neverthelefs 
afford  a  capacious  fummer  harbour  ;  as  n 
great  number  of  (hips  may  ride  in   the 
great  channel,  oppofite  to,  and  below  the 
city.    The  fituation  of  this  metropolis  is 
upon  the  great  poft  road,  equi  difiant  from 
the  northern  and  fouthem  extremities  of 
the  Union,  and  nearly  fo  from  the  Atlan- 
tic and  Pittfburg,  upon  the  beft  naviga- 
tion, and  in  the  midft  of  a  commercial 
territory,  probably  the  richeft,  and  com- 
manding the  moit  exfenfi^e   internal  re- 
fource  of  any  in  America.     Ji  has  there- 
fore many  advantages  to  recommend  it, 
as  an  eligible  pl«ce  for  the  permanent  feat 
of  the  general  government.    The  jrfan  of 
this  city  appears  to  contain  fome  import- 
ant improvements  upon  that  of  the  beft 
planned  cities  in  the  world,  combining,  in 
a  remarkable  degree,  convenience,  regu- 
larity, elegance  ofpfofped);,  and  a  free  cir- 
culation of  air.    Thepofitionsof  the  dif- 
^.™,..,  ,..,„.», ,  .,..«  .    ^  ^  fiertnt 


K, 


WAS 


WAS 


ftrent  public  edifices,  and  for  the  fevera\ 
Dquares   and  areas  ot   diflfercnt  fhnpe«  as 
they  are  laid  down,  were  iirft  determined 
on  the  mod  advantageous  ground,  cum- 
nianding  the  mod  extenlive  profpetEb,  and 
from  tlieir  fituation,  fufceptible  of  I'uch 
improvements  as  either  ufe  or  ornament 
may  hereafter  require      The  capitDl    is 
fituated  ona  mod  beautiful  eminence,  com- 
manding a  complete  view  of  every  part  of 
the  city,  and  of  a  confideralile  part  of  the 
country  around.    The  Prefident's  houfe 
(lands  on  a  rifing  ground,  poirefring  a  de- 
lightful water  profpetSl,  together  with  a 
commanding  view  of  the  capitol,  and  the 
mod  material  parts  of  the  city.    Lines  or 
avenues  of  diredt  communication,  have 
been  devifed  to  conneifl  the  mod  didant 
and  important  objedls.     I'hefe  tranfverfc 
avenues,  or  diagonal  dreets,  arc  laid  out 
on  the  mod  advantageous  giound  for  prof* 
pedt  and  convenience,  and  arc  calculated 
DOt  only  to  produce  a  variety  of  charming 
profpe(5ts,but  greatly  to  facihtate  t'  ^  com- 
munication throughout  the  city.    Nand 
S  lines,  interfeciiled  by  othets  running  due 
E  and  W,  make  the  didribution  of  the  city 
into  dreets,  fquarcs,  &c.  and  thofe  lines 
have  been  fo  combined,  as  to  meet  at  cer- 
tain given  points,  with  the  divergent  ave- 
nues, fo  as  to  form,  on  the  [paces/rp  dettr- 
mined,  the  different  fquares  or  areas.    The 
grand  avenues,  and  fuch  dreets  as  lead 
immediately  to  public  places,  are  from 
130  to  160  feet  wide,  and  may  be  conven- 
iently divided  into  foot  ways,  a  walk  plant- 
ed with  trees  on  each  iide,  and  a  paved 
way  for  carriages.    The  other  dreets  are 
from  90  to  no  feet  wide.     In  order  to 
execute  this  plan,  Mr.  Ellicott  drew  a  true 
meridional  line  by  celedial  obfervation, 
which  pafles  through  the  area  intended  for 
the  capitol.    This  line  he  crofTed  by  an- 
other, running  due  £  and  3V,  which  pafles 
through  the  lame  area.    Thc'fe  lines  were 
accurately  meafured  and  made  the  bafes 
on  which  the  whole  plan  was  executed. 
He  ran  all   the  lines  by  a  tranfit  indru- 
ment,  and  determined  the  acute  angles  by 
adtual   meafurement,  leaving  nothing  to 
the  uncertainty  of  the  compafs.    The  city 
contained  in  1803,  about  880  houfes,  350 
of  brick,  and  a  few  of  done,  the  red  arc 
of  wood ;  many  of  thefe  houfes  are  large 
and  handfome.    Thefe  buildings  are  in  5 
Xeparate  diviitons  or  villages,  one  is  near 
the  capitol,  one    near  the  navy    yard, 
one  at  Greenleafs  Point,  one  near  the 
'  Prefident's  houfe,  and  one  near  George- 
ik>wa.    This  lad  it  die  fouUed,  aod  that 


at  Greenlears  Point  is  the  mod  foliiar^. 
Of  7  ranges  of  building!!,  e.nch  having  from 
4  to  4  tenements,  a  imd  3  dories  high, 
not  more  than  z  are  inhabited,  all  tlie  oth- 
er lar^e  and  elegant  buildings  are  falling 
into  ruins.  Of  a6  brick  lH)ui"e8,  2  dories 
high  near  the  capitol,  not  mure  than  3  or 

4  are  habitable.  The  others  arc  rapidly 
decaying.  There  are  3  places  for  pubKc 
worfliip.one  for  Roinau  Catholics,  one  for 
Bapt  ds,  and  one  for  Kpifcopaliaus.  Dur- 
ing the  feilion  of  Congrtfs  the  chaplains 
are  permitted  to  preach  in  the  repreienta- 
tivcs'  room.  The  hall  ot  the  trcafury  de- 
partment is  alfo  occafionallyufed  for  public 
worfhip.  The  PreCdent's  I'ioufc  is  170  by 
8  J  fett,  two  dories  high  It  is  built  of  free 
white  done,  the  roof  covertd  with  flate. 
The  plan  of  the  capitol  is  to  prefent,  when 
completed,  a  front  of  36*  feet,  but  only 
the  N  wing  is  yet  eretSted.  The  Hotel 
dands  at  the  corner  of  7th  and  8lh  drcctst, 
txtcndirg  60  feet  on  the  fud,  lao  on  the 
other.  The  building  is  of  brick,  the 
bafement  is  of  cut  white  done,  10  feet 
high,  half  of  which  is  under  ground.  It 
is  three  dories  high ;  the  fird  and  ftcond 
are  14  feet  high,  the  third  is  eleven.  The 
gaol  is  IOC  feet  by  a6,  two  dories  high,  the 
lird  9  the  fecond  8  feet  high.  In  the  ci- 
ty are  three  market  houfes.  At  the  navy 
yard  are  three  large  brick  buildings  for 
the  reception  of  naval  dores.  Barracks 
arc  crc«fted  for  the  marines,  having  a 
front  of  3C0  feet.  A  canal,  connet^ing 
Tiber  creek  with  the  EaHern  Branch,  hat 
been  partially  executed  for  a  number  of 
years  ;  the  tide  flows  into  it  5  or  6  inches 
deep.  At  Greenleafs  Point  is  a  powder 
magazine  and  a  guard  houfe.  Two 
bridges  are  built  over  Rock  crtck,  which 
divides  the  city  from  Georgetown.  The 
bridge  neat  the  mouth  of  the  creek  has 
three  arches,  is  about  135  feet  in  length, 
and  36  wide.  The  other,  630  yards  a- 
bove,  is  fupported  by  pilcs,is  about  %io 
feet  long  and  18  wide.  Tlie  iniblic  offi- 
ces occupy  two  buildings,  each  about  450 
feet  from  the  Preiident's  houfe,  and  hav- 
ing a  front  of  iio  feet,  60  feet  wide,  two 
dories  high,  with  a  white  done  bafement 

5  or  6  feet  above  the  furfacc  of  the 
ground ;  each  dory  is  16  feet  high.  The 
trcafury  department  has  ere^ed  two 
buildings,  each  two  dories  high, for  the  ac- 
commodationof  itsmeffeogers,&c.  Wafh- 
ington,  is  feparated  from  Georgetown,  in 
Montgomery  co.  Maryland,  on  the  W  by 
Rock  Creek,  but  that  town  is  now  with- 
in the  territory  of  Columbia.     It  is  42 

«ule« 


WAS 


WAT 


Wilfs  S  W  by  S  of  Baltimore,  876  from 
PaiTimaquoiIcly*  in  the  diftritn:  of  Miine, 
500  from  Boftun,  248  from  N.York,  144 
from  Philadelphia,  133  from  Richmond, 
in  Virgioia,  ajj  from  Halifax, in  N.  Car- 
ulina,  630  from  Charleftcn,  S.  Carolina, 
and  794  from  Savannah,  in  Georgia. 

WiifilngttH  College,  iu  Maryland,  iia: 
Cbejiertotun, 

IVaJbingtcn  D'friH,  the  territory  in  Tcn- 
elTce,  over  which  the  jurifdiiftion  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  law  and  equity  extends, 
contains  the  counties  of  .Sulivan,  Wafliing- 
ton.  Green,  Hawkins  and  Carter.  It  has 
35,583  inhabitants,  including  2514  ijavcs. 

Wajlington,  a  port  town  in  Culpepper co. 
Virginia,  79  miles  from  Walliington  City. 

W'ajhlngton,  Fart, in  the  ftatc  of  Ohio,  is 
fituated  on  the  N  hank  of  the  rivtr  O- 
hio,  weft  ward  of  iJttle  Miami  river,  and 
45  miles  N  W  of  Wafliington,  in  Ken- 
tucky.    See  Cincinnati. 

tVnJhinalon,  Mount,  a  fmall  tOwnftlip  of 
Maffachulctts,  Berkfliire  co.  in  the  S  W 
corner  of  the  date,  it  was  incorporated  in 
1779,  and  contains  914  inhabitants. 

ti^iiJhingtoH,  Mount,  onc  of  the  \Vhite 
Mountains  of  N.  Hampfhire,  which 
makes  fo  majeftic  an  appearance  all  a- 
long  the  fliorc  of  the  eaftern  counties  of 
MafTachufetts.     See  tP'lite  Mountjins. 

Wajhington't  JJlands,  on  the  N  \V  coaft 
•f  N.  America.  The  largeft  is  of  a  trian- 
gular fliape,  the  point  ending  on  the 
fouthward  at  Cape  St.  James's,  in  N  lat. 
51  58.  Sandy  Point,  at  its  N  £  extremi- 
ty, is  in  lat.  54  a»  N.  Its  longitude  W 
extends  from  Hope  Point,  the  N  W  ex- 
tremity, 126  37,  to  Saniy  Point, in  ii8 
45.  Port  Ingraham,  Perkins, and  Magee 
Sound,  lie  on  the  weflc  rn  fide  of  the  ifl- 
aud ;  on  the  eaftern  ii'ie  are  the  following 
ports  from  N  to  S  ;  Skeetkifs,  or  Skitkifs 
Harbour,  Port  Cummafliawa,  Kleiws 
Poin'.,  Smoke  Port,  Kanfkccno  Point, 
Port  Geyers,  Port  Ucah,  and  Port  Stur- 
gii.  Capt.  Cook,  when  he  .palled  this  ifl- 
and,  fuppofed  it  to  be  a  part  of  the  con- 
tinent, as  the  weather  at  the  time  was 
thick,  and  the  wind  hoifterous,  which 
obliged  him  to  keep  out  at  lea,  till  he 
made  the  w«ftem  cape  of  the  continent 
in  about  lat.  $$  N.  Capt.  Dixon  difcov- 
ered  thefe  iflands  in  1787,  and  named 
them  Queen  Charlotte's  Idands.  Capt. 
Gray  difcovered  them  in  1789,  and  call- 
ed them  Wafliingtou's  IHands.  There  are 
three  principal  iflands,  befide  many  fmall 
ones,  it  is  conjedtured  that  they  make  a 
part  of  the  Archipelago  of   St.  Lazarus. 


W.ifumafiin,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador. 
N  hit.  50  3,  W  Ion.  59  ss. 

Wujj\fw  If.and.     bee  IVarfaiv. 

Wataguaki  IJlet,  on  the  coaft  of  I<abra« 
dor,  and  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  lie 
near  the  fliore,  N  E  of  Ouapitougan  Ifle, 
and  S  W  of  Little  Mecatina,  about  10  or 
12  leagues  from  each. 

IVatiiuga,  a  river  of  Tcneffce,  whic!» 
rifes  in  Burke  county,  N.  Carolina,  and 
falls  into  Hulfton  river,  15  miles  above 
'Lon;;  I. 

IVutch  P0i.1t,  lies  to  the  northward  of 
Fifl.i'r's  Ifland,  in  Long  Ifland  Sound,  and 
W  S  W  7  leagues  from  Block  Ifland. 

tratelxui,  an  ifland  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean  ;  a  beautiful  I'pot,  about  6  miles 
long  and  4  broad.  N  lat.  20  i,  W  Ion. 
158  15. 

Waterlorough,  a  port  town  in  York  co. 
Maine,  580  miles  from  Wafliington,  lyinj; 
on  and  bounded  N  by  Little  Oflapel: 
river,  E  by  Philliplburgh  and  \V  by 
Shapleigb.  The  fources  of  the  North- 
erly branch  of  Moufom  River  arc  in 
this  town,  and  pafs  fouthcrly  through 
Alfred  into  Wells 

fVaterSoKBugl),  A  townfliip  of  the  diftricl 
of  Maine,  York  co.  on  Moufom  river,  i j 
miles  N  W  of  Wells,  and  1 10  from  Bol- 
ton. It  w.is  incorporated  in  1787,  and 
contains  905  inhabitants. 

IVaterLury,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  iu 
Chittenden  co.  feparated  from  Duxbury 
on  the  S  W  by  Onion  river.  It  contains 
93  inhabitants. 

Waterbury,  the  N  wcfternmofl  town- 
fhip  of  New  Haven  co.  Conncdticut,  call- 
ed by  the  Indians  MattHuck.  It  was  fet- 
tled in  i67i,and  is  divided  into  the  par- 
ifhes  of  Northbury,  Salem,  and  S.  Britain. 

Watiree,  a  branch  of  Santee  river,  S. 
Carolina. 

Wdterford,  a  town  in  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  formerly  Littleton,  which  fee. 

Waterford,  a  poft  town  in  York  county. 
Main:,  95  miles  N  of  York,  and  651  from 
Wafliington.  Crooked  River  runs 
through  this  town  on  its  N  eaflerly  fide, 
and  pafl*e«  S  eafterly  through  Otitficld 
and  Raymond  into  Sebakook  pond. 

Waterford,  or  Le  Beuf,  a  poft  town  in 
Crawford  co.  Pennfylvania,  372  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Waterford,  a  poft  town  in  Loudon  ca 
Virginia,  ^s  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Waterford,  a  new  townfliip  in  York  co. 
diftridk  of  Mainej  incorporated  February, 


1797- 


{«*«r*'^4ivM*   t«*Mr    •* 


Waterftrii 


town- 
icut,  ca'.l- 
was  fet- 
the  par- 
Britain, 
river,  S. 


WAT 

■    tVjierford,  a  new  towndiip  in  York  co. 
Maine,  incnrparatcd  February,  I797> 
•    Waterfi4*dy  a  townHiip  of  Gloucefter  co. 
New  Jerfey. 

Wattrfordy  a  ncat  village  of  N.  York,  in 
the  townfliip  of  Half  Moon,  which  fee. 
^    IVatcrland,  an  ifland  iu  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  fo  named  by  Le  Maire.    S  lat.  14 
46,  W  long,  144  10. 

fTaterguedie,  or  ^tchy,  a  fmall  river 
of  Vermont,  which  empties  into  Connec- 
ticut River  in  Hartland. 
^  JVattrtown,  a  very  pleafaht  town  in 
Middlefex  co.  MafTachufettt,  7  miles  wsft 
by  north-wefl  of  Boflon.  Charles  River 
is  navigable  for  boats  to  this  town,  7 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  Boflon  harbour. 
The  townfliip  contains  1,091.  inhabit- 
ants, and  was  incorporateii  in  1630.  That 
celebrated  apoftle  of  the  Indians,  the,Rev. 
Mr.  Eliot,  relates  that  in  the  year  1670, 
a  (Irange  phenomenon  appeared  in  a  great 
pond  at  Watertown,  where  the  fifli  all 
died;  and  as  many  as  rould,  thrufl them- 
selves on  flxore,  and  there  died.  It  was 
climated  that  liot  lefs  than  20  cart-ioads 
lay  dead  at  once  round  the  pond.  An 
eel  %yas  found  alive  in  the  fandy  border 
of  the  pond,  and  upon  being  cad  again 
into  its  natural  clement,  it  wriggled  oiit 
again,  as  fad  as  it  could,  and  died  on  the 
fliore.  The  cattle,  accudomed  to  the 
water,  rcfufed  to  drink  it  for  3  days,  after 
which  they  drank  as  ufual.  Wheb  the 
4lfli  began  to  come  afliorc,  before  they 
died,  many  were, taken,  both  by  Englilh 
•rind  Indians,  and  eaten  without  any  in- 

tVaterte-um,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  co. 
ConneiSticut.  It  is  about  26  miles  N  N  W 
of  New  Haven. 

.  tVater  f^liet,  an  extcnfivc  townfliip  of 
New  York,  Albany  co.  on^tlie  W  fide  of 
Hudfon  River,  and  includes  the  village 
6f  Hamilton,,  and  the  iflands  in  the  river 
iiearefl  the  W  fide.  It  is  bounded  \V  by 
?he  manor_  of  RenlTelaerwyck,  and  con- 
tained,  in  i;  90,  tAi9  inliabitants,  includ- 
ing 707  flaves.  In  1796.  there  were  600 
6f  the  inhabitants  qualified  elcdtor*. 

tfntland  IpanJ,  one  of  the  Bahama  Id- 
ands  in  the  Wed  Indies.  The  S  point  is 
in  lat.  24  N,  and  long.  74  \^. 

tVutfjit,Fort,'\n  .S.Carolina,  was  fitu- 
jtted  on  the  N  £  bank  of  Santec  River, 
aboiit  half  way  between  the  mouth  of  the 
Congarec  and  Nelfou's  Fort,  on  the  bend 
of  the  river  oppofite  the  Eutaw  Springs, 
its  garrifon  of  114  mti  being  bcfieged 
ty  Oen.  Greene,  furreadered  in  April, 


W  E  A 

1781.  He  then  marched  witli  his  maiii 
force  againit  Camden,  higher  up  the 
river. 

Wauiea^ui,3.  village  in  the  townfliip  of 
Sullivan,  in  the  Didri<3  of  Maine,  9  miles 
from  Dcfert  Ifland. 

IVatuafini,  a  village  in  New  York,  on 
Rondout  Kill,  a  branch  of  Walkill,7  mile* 
W  of  New  Paltz,  and  i  a  S  W  of  Efopus. 

tVavoimchtaiiot,  and  ^Tu-hbttvees,  two  In- 
dian tribes,  refiding  chiefly  between  Sci- 
ota  and  Wabafli  Rivera. 

tVayne,  a  county  in  the  N  W  Territory,' 
laid  out  in  the  fall  nf  1796,  now  a  terri- 
torial jurifdi(AIon,  having  3,206  inhab- 
itants. 

tVjyne,  a  county  of  N^whern  didrl»;t, 
N.  Carolina ;  bounded  N  by  Edgecomti, 
and  S  by  Glafgow.  It  contains  6,133  in- 
habitants, inclufive  of  1,557  flaves. 

IVayne,  a  townfliip  of  MifHin  CO.  Penn* 
fylvania. 

tVayne,  Furt,  in  the  N  W  Territory,  i» 
fituated  at  the  head  of  the  Miami  of  the 
Lake,  near  the  Old  Miami  Villages,  at  thd 
confluence  of  St.  Jofeph's  and  St.  Mary** 
Rivers,  It  is  a  fquare  fort  with  badions 
at  each  angle,  with  a  ditch  and  parapet, 
and  could  contain  500  men,  but  has  only 
300  with  16  pieces  of  cannon.  It  is  ijo 
miles  N  by  W  of  Cincit^nati,  and  aoo  W 
by  .S  of  Fort  Defiance.  The  Indians  ced- 
ed to  the  U.  States  a  tradl  of  land  6  mile» 
fquare,  where  this  fort  dands,  at  the  late 
ttcaty  of  peace  at  Greenville. 

IVaynrJhorougby  a  pod  town  of  Nortit 
Carolina,  24  miles  from  Kingdon,  50  S  £ 
from  Raleigh,  and  49S  from  Philadelphia. 

JVjyneJhorougb,  a  pod  town  in  fiurk  co. 
Georgia,  30  miles  S  of  Auguda,  25  N  E  of 
Louifville.  No  river  of  confequence  paf- 
fes  near  this  town  ;  yet  being  the  place 
where  both  the  fuperior  and  inferior 
courts  are  Held,  it  is  iu  a  profperous  con- 
diti9n. 

fVeah,  a  townfliip  of  New  Hampfliirc^ 
fituated  in  Hilldiorough  county,  18  miles 
fouthwedtrly  of  Concord,  60  W  of  Portf- 
mouth,  and  70  N  W  of  Bodon.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1^64,  and  contained  in 
1790, 1,924  inhabitants. 

IVeaibenfitld,  a  townfliip  of  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of  Conne<flicut 
River,  between  Windfor  on  th'!  N,  and 
Springfitid  on  the  S.  Afcutney  Moun- 
tain lies  partly  in  this  townfliip,  and  in 
that  of  Windfor.  It  is  a  flourifliing  town, 
and  contained  in  1790  1,097  inhahitant». 

Weatbttiftldy  a  pod  town  of  Cnniieifli- 
cut,  pkafantly  Gtuated  in  Hatitord  co. 

*■ 


W  E  L 


WE  L 


on  the  Vf  lide  of  ConncAieut  River,  4 
miles  S  of  Hartford,  11  N  of  Middleton, 
36  N  by  £  of  New  HaTcn,  and  218  N  £ 
of  Philadelphi;!.  Thii  town  wat  fettled 
in  1635  or  1636,  by  emigrants  from  Dor- 
cheflier  in  MaiTachufetts,  and  has  a  fertile 
and  luxuriant  foil.  It  confiAs  of  between 
aoo  and  300  houfet,  and  has  a  very  eie- 
{knt  brick  meeting-houfc  for  Congrega- 
ttonalifh.  The  inhabinnts  ;(re generally 
wealthy  farmers;  and  befide  the  com- 
mon prnduAions  of  the  country,  raife 
{Tcat  quantities  of  onions,  which  arc  ex- 
pnrted  to  different  parts  of  the  U.  States, 
and  to  the  Weft  Indies. 

JVem»eienea»  Toivni,  Indian  villages  on 
XVabaHi  River,  deftroyed  by  Generals 
Scott  and  Wilkinfon,  in  17  91. 

Weaviy  or  Wtean  an  Indian  tribe  whofe 
towns  lie  on  the '  head  waters  of  WabaOi 
River.  At  the  treaty  of  Greenville  they 
oeded  a  tratfl  of  land,  6  miles  fquare,  to 
the  United  States. 

Weirvert  Late,  in  the  State  of  Ni  York, 
3  miles  N  W  of  Lake  Otfego.  It  is  a 
miiex  long,  and  i\  broad. 

Wibbatnet  Hivtr,  in  Maine,  is  the  prin- 
cipal entrance  by  water  to  the  town  of 
Wells,  in  York  county.  Ithas  abarred 
karbour. 

Wechquetank,  a  Moravian  fettlement 
made  by  the  United  Brethren,  in  Penn- 
fylvania,  behind  the  Blue  Mountains. 
In  I7()C,  the  Bethlehem  congregation 
purchafed  1400  acres  t»f  land  for  the 
ChriRi.in  Indians;  la  17  ^r3,  it  was  de- 
ftroycd  by  white  favages,  who  inhabited 
neat  liancafter ;  they  Hkewife  murdered 
nrany  oF  the  peaceable  Indians-  fettled 
here.  It  was  finally  dedroyed  by  the 
iVmeric^ns  during  die  late  war.  It  llts 
about  30  miles  N  W  by  Wof  Befhleheni. 

Wiijenlierg,  a  townfliip t>f  Northampton 
eo.  Pennsylvania. 

JVeleb  Mountains  are  fituated  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvauia,  Befidcs  other  dreams, 
Brandy  wine  Creek  rifes  here. 

Welch  Tiaii,  a  fmall  territory  of  Penu- 
fylvania.fo  n>)med  bccaufc  firft  fettled  by 
Welchmcn.  There  are  a  niimberof  fniali 
tuwns  ill  it,  as- Havcrfopd- Wtft,  Merion- 
eth, &c.  It  is  pretty  thickly  inhabited 
by  an  induftrious,  hardy  and  tliriving 
people. 

IV.-U  ».',  Sir  Ttjnmai  R'>es,  or  Ur  U.'im, 
a  biiv  or  Arait  in  (hat  part  of  Hucdon's 
B.«y  which  rims  up  to  the  N  round 
from  Cape  .Soiitlianipton.upcning  Iitf.vccn 
lat.  6i  and  6.;  N.  On  the  W  or  N  iLorc 
u  a  laT  litad  l.uid,  called  the  Hcpc  h) 
C4p(,.Mi(liIlctuii,  ill  Ut  6u  jO  Nk 


tViHJIeett  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufettv 
in  Barnftable  co.  on  the  peninfula  called 
Cape  Cod ;  S  £  from  Boflon,  diftant  by- 
land  105  miles,  by  water  60,  and  from 
Plymouth  light-houfc  8  leagues.  The 
harbour  is  large,  indented  within  with 
cteeks,  where  veffels  of  70  or  80  tons 
may  lie  fafe  in  what  is  called  the  Deep 
Hole.  The  land  is  barren,  and  the  tim- 
ber is  fmall  pitch-pine  and  oak.  Before 
it  was  incorporated  in  1763,  it  was  call- 
ed the  Nottb  Pltcinef  of  Eaftham,  and 
was  originally  included  in  the  Indian 
Sleeieet  and  Pamit,  In  17 90,  it  contained 
II 17  inhabitants.  Since  the  memory  of 
people  now  living,  there  have  been  in  this 
fmall  town  30  pair  of  twins,  befides  two 
births  that  produced  three  each,  The 
method  of  killing  gulls  in  the  gull  houfe, 
is,  no  doubt,  an  Indian  invention,  and  al- 
fo  that  of  killing  birds  and  fowl  upon  the 
beach-in  dark  nights.  The  gull-houfe  is 
built  with  CTOtcliets  fixed  in  the  ground 
on  the  beach,,  and  covered  with  poles, 
the  (ides  being  covered  with  flakes  and 
fea-weed,  and  the  poles  on  the  top  cov- 
ered with  lean  whala  The  man  being 
placed  within,  is  not  difcovered  by  the 
fnwlsj  and  while  they  are  contending 
for  and  eatmg  the  fifh,  he  draws  them 
in  one  by  one  between  the  poles,  until 
he  has-  coHe<5led  40  or  50.  This  num- 
ber has  often  been  taken  in  a  morning. 
The  method  of  killing  fmall  birds  and 
fowl  that  perch  on  the  beach,  is  by  mak- 
ing alight;  the  prefent  mode  is  with* 
hog's  lard  in  a  frying  pan;  but  the  In- 
dians are  fuppofed  to  have  ufed  a  pine 
torch.  Birds,  in  a  daik  night,  will  flock 
to  the  light,  and  may  be  killed  with  a 
walkiHg-cane.  It-  mud  be  curious  to  a 
countryman  who  lives  at  a  didancc 
from  the  fea,  to  be  acquainted  with 
the  method  of  killing  black- fill).  Their 
fizc  is  from  4  to  5  tons  weight,  when- 
full  grown.'  When  they  cuine  within' 
the  harbours,  boats  lurround  them,  and 
they  arc  as  eafily  driven  im  fliore,  as 
cattle  or  flieep  are  driven  on  the  land. 
The  tide  leaves  tliem,  aud  they  arc  ealily 
killed.  They  ;ire  a  fitli  of  the  whale 
kind,  and  wiil  average  a  bnrrcl  of  oil 
tach't  400  have  been  rt:(;n  at  one  time  on 
the  fliore.  Gf  late  years  tlielc  fitli  rarely 
cume  into  the  h.Tr!ioiirs.  The  inhabit- 
a«its  own  25  vefl'cls  froiu  30  to  100  tons,, 
cmploytd  in  the  wliale,  cod,  and  macke- 
rel I'^tbcries,  and  in  carrying  oyflers  to 
B.iCIon. 

Wd'.s,  a  f.nall,  but  rapid  river  of  Ver- 
mont^ 


WEN 


IT  E  vS 


r  of  Ver- 
mont H 


tnrnnt,  which,  after  a  fliort  S  E  cou'ff , 
■empties  into  ConneAicut  River,  below 
"the  Narrows,  and  in  the  N  E  rorner  of 
Newbury.  Its  mouth  is  40  yards  wide. 

W>//i,  a  townfliip  cf  Vermont,  Rucland 
CO.  between  Pawlct  and  Poultiiey,  and 
contains  2,11^  inhhbitantB.  I^akc  St.  Aiif- 
•t\n  lies  in  tliis  townfliip,  and  is  3  miles 
long,  and  I  broad. 

H''eUi.  a  'loft  ofMaine,  York  co. 

on  the  •        of  its  *;,  about  half  way 

between  i-iddefor**  jd  Yoric,  and  88 
miles  N  by  E  of  Bcfton,  441  from'Phila- 
.delphia,  and  575  from  M''afliington.  T!ms 
townfliip  is  about  10  miles  long,  and  7 
broad ;  wa<  incorporated  in  r6j3,  And 
contains  3,693  inhabitants.  It  is  bound- 
ed S  E  by  that  part  of  the  fea  called 
Wells  Bay,  and  N  E  by  Kcontbunk  Riv- 
er, which  feparates  it  from  Arundel. 
The  fmall  river  Negunkct,  prrhaptform- 
erly  Oguntiquit,  has  no  navigation,  nor 
mills  of  any  value,  but  noticed,  about 
150  years  ago,  as  the  boundary  between 
Tork  and  Wells.  The  lide  through  Pif- 
cataqua  Bay  urges  itfelf  into  the  niarfli- 
cs  at  Wells,  a  few  miles  E  of  Ncgun- 
ket,  and  forms  a  harbour  for  fmall 
vefTels.  Further  E  in  this  townfliip  the 
fmall  river  Moufom  is  found  coming 
from  ponds  of  that  name  about  ao  miles 
from  the  fea.  Several  mills  are  upon  the 
river,  and  the  inhabitants  have  opened  a 
harbour  by  means  of  a  canal.  Webha- 
met  Riv;r  is  the  principal  entrance  to 
this  town  by  water. 

H^ilts  Bay,  in  the  townfliip  above  men- 
tioned, lies  between  Capes  Porpoife  and 
Ueddock.  The  courie  from  the  latter  to 
Wells  Bar,  is  N  by  E  4  leagues. 

H'Te/lt  Falls,  in  Delaware  River,  lie  13 
jni'es  N  W  of  Trenton,  New  Jerfey. 

Wendell t  a  townfliip  of  MalVachufetfs, 
Hanipfliire  co.  90  miles  N  W  of  Boflon. 
It  was  incorporated  in  i78i,andcontaine 
737  inhabitants. 

Wim/ell,  a  townfl)ip  of  N.  Kampfliirc, 
Chefliire  co.  about  15  miles  N  E  of 
Charleflowu,  containing  355  iniiabitants. 
It  was  called  Saviile,  before  its  incorpo- 
ration in  1781. 

JVenbam,  a  townfliip  of  Mafl'achufctti^ 
lEflcjc  CO.  between  Ipfwich  and  Beverly  ; 
Zi  miles  N  E  by  N  of  Boflon.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1643,  and  contains  476  in- 
ihabitants.  Here  is  a  large  pond,  well 
\ftored  with  fifli,  from  which,  and  its  vi- 
cinity to  Salem,  it  was  called  £/ion,  by  the 
(firfl  ftttlers. 

WtHman,  one  «f  ihc  Gallipssi  Iflands, 


on  the  coafl  of  Peru,  W  of  Cape  Fran- 
cifco. 

IVmitvorib,  a  townfliip  of  New  Hamp- 
fliire,Oralt(m  co.  containing 488  inhabit- 
ants. It  was  incorporated  in  1766,  and  id 
S  £  of  Oxford,  adjoining. 

Wtfct,  a  village  of  N.  Jeifev,  ElTex  eo. 
on  Paflaick  River,  %  miles  N  W  of  Ac- 
quakenunk,  and  5  ^W  of  Hackinfaclc. 

Wifuttitjkmg,  the  Indian  name  cf  St. 
(.      I..      k!ver, in  Lincoln  CO.  Maine. 

_//,  or  IVMtaJJijutJt,  a,  rivtr  of  Ver- 
mont, has  its  main  fource  in  Bromley, 
about  3  miles  S  £  from  the  head  ofOtctr 
Creek.  After  receiving  ,7  or  8  fmallcr 
flreanis,  and  rtmning  about  37  miles,  it 
falls  JiUo.Connc«Slicut  River  at  Brattle- 
borough.  It  is  the  largcft  of  the  ftreams 
on  theEGde  of  :the  Green  Mountains; 
and  at  its  mouth  is  about  .15  rods  wide, 
and  10  or  X  2  feet  deep.  A  number  of 
figures,  or  infer  iptions  are  yet  to  be  feen 
upon  tlie  rocks  at  the  mouth  of  this  riv- 
er. Teeming  to  allude  to  the  affairs  of  war 
among  the  Indians.:  but  their  rudeiicili 
and  awkwardnefs  -denote  that  tlie  form- 
ers of  them  were  at  a  great  remove  from 
the  knowledge  of  any  alphabet. 

Wejlborougb,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  Worcefter  co.  34  miles  W  S  W  erf 
Bofton,  and  13  £  of  Worcefter,  was  iiv  . 
corporated  in  1717,  and  contains  922  in*  ^ 
habitants.  Among  other  lingular  occur- 
rences in  the  Indiau  wars,  the  ftrange  for- 
tune of  Silas  and  Timothy  Rice  is  worthy 
of  notice.  They  were  fons  of  Mr.  Ed- 
mond  Rice,  one  of  theiirft  fettlers  in  this 
town,  and  carried  ofFUy  the  Indi.ins,  Au- 
guft  8,  1704,  the  one  9,  the  other  7  year* 
of  age.  They  loft  thoir  mother  tongue, 
had  Indian  wives,  and  children  by  them, 
and  lived  at  Caanattiafra,  .Silas  wasnarned 
Tteiiinoivt^j,  and  Timothy,  Ofghtfomif 
goi'gbton.  Timothy  recommcndtd  himfcif 
fo  much  .to  the  Indians  by  his  penetration, 
courage, Jlrength,  and  warlike  fpirit.thit 
he  arrived  to  be  the  third  of  the  6  chitfs 
of  tJie  Carnaivogjs.  (a  1740,  \tz  came 
down  to  fee  his  friend*.  Ke  \-icwed  the 
boufe  where  Mr.  Rice  dwelt,  and  tlic 
place  whence  he  with  the  otiier  ciiildren 
were  captiv^ated.ofboth  which  he  retain- 
ed a  clear  remembrance;  as  he  did 'ike wife 
of  fevcral  elderly  perfons  who  were  then 
living,  though  he  had  forgot  the  Englifli 
language.  He  returned  to  Canada,  and, 
it  is  faid,  was  the  chief  who  made  the 
fpccch  to  Gen.  Gige,  in  behalf  of  the 
Cagna  wagas,  after  the  redudinn  of  Mont- 
real.   Thefc  men  were  alive  in  1790. 


MA 


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W  E  5 


iVtJIkury,  a  tnwnfhip  in  L,  Can^dfl,  on  : 
fhf  S  bank;  of  St.  Franci*  River,  N  E  of 
Afcot,  and  had  only  tiirce  or  iuur  fami- 
lies in  i8o,^ 

Wiji  River  Mountain,  Jn  N.  Hanipfliiic, 
in  the  townniip  of  Cheflcr'''-!d,  .''t»  cppo- 
fitc  to  the  iTidiith  of  Wtii  River  ;  and 
from  this  p«rt  of  Ot)nncclicut  River  to 
Pi fcataqua  Harbour  on  the  E,  is  90  miles, 
the  broadeft  part  of  the  State.  Here  arc 
viliblc  appearances  of  volcanic  erup- 
tions. Aho'it  the  year  17,^0,  the  garri- 
fon  of  Fort  Dtimmer,  4  miles  diftant,  was 
alarnicd  by  frequent  explolions  of  fire 
and  fmokt,  emitted  by  the  mountain. 
Similar  appearances  have  been  ubferved 
fnicc. 

Iftji  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  I^nkc  Superi- 
or, at  its  wcftcrnniofl  extremity,  having 
-the  iz  ides  at  its  mouth.  It  receives  St. 
Louis  River  from  the  W. 

Ifeji  Bethlehem,  a  townfjlip  of  Wafllillg- 
ton  CO.  Pcnnfylvania. 

tVefl  Jiridgcivater,  A  pofl  tOWn  in  Ply- 
fT.outh  CO.  Mafl'achufetti. 

l^eji  Cbifer,  a  county  of  New  York, 
bounded  N  by  Dutchefs,  8  by  Long  Ifl- 
and  Sound,  W  by  ''  idfon  River,  and  E 
by  the  State  of  C'  dticut.  It  includis 
,  Captain's  in:inds,  ..  I  all  the  iflandH  in 
the  found  to  the  E  of  Fro^^s  Neck,  and  to 
the  northward  of  the  main  channel.  It 
contiirns  47413  inhabitants. 

IVrJI  Chefer,  the  chitf  townfliip  of  the 
above  county;  lying  partly  in  the  Sound, 
about  15  miles  cnfterly  of  N.  York  city. 
It  was  much  impovtriflitd  in  the  late  war, 
atrd  rimt.iins  997  inhibitantt-. 
•  W:Ji  Chjl.r,  ihe  chief  town  of  Chefter 
ib.'  Ptniiiylv,(ri>a,  containing  about  50 
4>oul<:s,a  courthoufe,  (tone  g;u)l,  and  a 
■Roman'  Catholic  church.  It  is  about  25 
miles  W  of  Philrtdtlphia. 

lVi.Jln!y,z  \ivyHo\\i\  on  the  fea-coaft 
o*'  Wal'liiiigtoii  cf).  Rhode  IllMnd,  and  fcp- 
ai-atcd  fr'cini  Stonington  in  Connecticut 
by  P;iiiratufk  River,  36  miles  W  by  S  of 
Nowport.  The  iuhabit«nt!»  carry  on  a 
hriiTc  coallinjj;  trade,  and  arc  exlinfively 
ertg.^gfd  in  the  fifliery.  The  towulLip 
contains  2,329  inhabitants. 

^y.^l-rn.  A  towniliip  of  Mafrachufetts, 
in  the  S  W  tnrntr  of  Worctflcr  co.  25 
iiilics  E  of  Spriii_';lltld,  and  69  3  W  by  S 
i.t  Roftun.,    InhH.iiiran'.M  979.    ' 

Ji'e/iein,  Fort,  in  M;iin< ,  was  ereiflcd  in 
1752,  on  tljc  caft  lunk  of  the  I'mall  fall 
which  terminates  the  navigation  of  Kcn- 
nflicck  River.  It  i*  18  miles  from  Ta- 
ciina',t  full.     St':  li..'r,;ie,/i  Hivii.    It  is 


in  the  townfliip  of  Augiifla,  Krnnfbec)^ 
CO.  A  company  was  incorpc^ratcd  in 
Feb.  1796,  to  build  a  bridge  over  the  riv- 
er at  this  place. 

IVefietn  Preeinff,\n  SoiPcrfct  CO.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  contained  in  1790,  i,87.V  inhabitants. 

IVe/felJ,  a  towufliip  of  Vermont,  On; 
leans  co.  S  of  Jay. 

}VeffelJ,-i.  plcafant  ppfV  tcwij  of  Maf- 
facTiuictts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  thfc  river  of 
this  name,  in  a  curious  vale,  10  miles  W 
of  Sprlngfitid,  34  £  of  Stockbridgc,  jz  S 
W  of  X^'^orcefter,  loj  W  S  \V  of  Bonon, 
and  4C0  from  WaHiington.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  an  academy,  and 
about  50  or' 60 '  c()mpa<Sl  houfes.  The 
townfhip  was  incnrpotated  iu  x(i69,  and 
contains  2,185  inhabitants. 

Weflfietd;  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  in 
Berkfliire  co.  MafTachufetts,  and  runt 
nearly  a  S  £  courfe  through  Middlcficld, 
Weftfield,  and  Weft  Springfield,  where  it 
empties  into  the  Connecticut,  by  a  mouth 
about  30  yards  wide. 

We/fcU,  a  port  town  of  New  York,  Sar- 
atoga CO.  bounded  S  by  King(bury,and  14 
by  Whitehall.  It  contains  2 joa  inhabit- 
ants.    It  lies  E  of  Lake  George. 

IVeJlfeU,  in  Richmond  co.  New  York, 
containing  1,208  inhabit^ints. 

iV'cfJielJ,  a  fmali  town  in  ElTex  co.  New 
Jerfey,  containing  a  Prefl)ytcri...i  church, 
and  about  40  compaifl  houfes.  It  is  about^ 
7  or  8  milea  W  of  Elizabeth  Town. 

IV^J!  FlorUa.     See  Louijiana. 

Wcjifotd,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Chittenden  co.  N  E  of  Colchefter,  adjoin- 
ing, and  contains  648  inhabitants; 

IVeffotJ,  a  poll  town  of  MalTachufetts, 
in  Middltfcx  co.  28  miles  N  W  of  fiofton,' 
and  contains  1,267  inhabitants.  In  the' 
year  179a  an  academy  was  tftahliflied 
hcT. 

Weji  Creen-u'lcb,  a  townfliip  in  Kfnt  co. 
Rhode  IflanJ,  containing  I,7J7  inhabit- 
ants 

IV.JIlam^  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia,  Hen- 
rico CO.  on  the  N  bank  of  Janiei'  River, 
6  miles  N  W  by  W  of  Richmond.  Here' 
Benedittl  Arnold  dcflroyed  one  of  the 
fineft  foundarics  for  cannon  in  America, 
and  a  large  quantity  of  ftorcs  and  cannonj 
ill  Jan.  1781.    ' 

lyfhav pton,  a  pofl  town  in  Suflolk  co. 
New  York,  329  miles  from  Wailiington.' 

Wijihamftun,  a  townfliip  of  MaiTachu- 
fetts,  Hampfliire  co.  7  miles  wcfltrly  of. 
Northampton.  It  contains  756  inhabit- 
ants. 

IV Ji  ffjiliur,  on  :h€  S  coaft  of  the  iil- 

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Mntit  III'   II   tiii/nfl. 


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I'oi^liiriVl^imtHnln 


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fhf  S  hi 
Allot,  ; 
lien  ill 

in  the  I 
fitc  to 
from  th 
Pifcata 
tlic  l>rc 
vil'hle 
liun».   I 
foil  of 
tilarnit 
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fiiice. 

or,  at) 
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boun< 
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W  E  S 


Ji^d  «)f  Jamaica,  U  to  the  N  of  Portland 
>oint.    There  it  good  anchorage,  but  ci- 
pofed  to  S  and  8  £  wind«. 

fVtJI  HaviH,  itp4rifli  of  the  townfliipor 
j^Tew  Haven,  in  Connetflicut,  plcafrfntly 
pluatcd  on  the  Harbour  and  Sound,  j 
milei  W  8  W  of  the  city. 

Wtjl  IiiJin,  a  multitkide  of  ilUnds  be- 
tween N.  and  S.  America,  which  were  I'o 
pamcd  at  tirf),  on  the  prefumption  that 
they  extended  fo  at  form  a  connexion 
with  thofe  of  the  Bad  Indies.     The  falla- 

X  of  the  fuppofition  was  Toon  difcoyered  ; 
e  name,  however,  has  been  retained, 
to  prevent  confufion  in  gcojjraphical  ac« 
counts  of  the  iflandt.  The  continent  was 
aU'o  fomctimet  called  by  this  name,  till  its 
Itatural  divifion  being  more  attended  to,  it 
obtained  a  diftindt  appellation.  Sec  Carii' 
ii§  IJIaitdi  and  4itilln.  They  lie  in  the 
form  of  a  bow,  or  fcmicircle,  ftretching 
aimed  from  the  coad  of  Florida  N,  to  the 
river  Oronoko,  ia  the  main  continent  of 
S.  America.  Such  ait  ar<,-  worth  cultiva- 
tion, now  belong  to  five  European  pow- 
ert,  viz.  Great  Britain,  Spain,  trance, 
Holland,  and  Denmark. 

The  i^fiVj/S  claim   ' 
Jamaica,  Nevis, 

fiarhadoes,  Montl'ctrat, 

^t.  Chriftophert,       Barbuda, 
Antigua,  Anguilla, 

prcnada,aud  the      Bermudas, 

Grenadines,  The  lJahu(3iu  iQands. 

Dominical, 
St.  Viuctm, 

Sfaia  claims 
Cuba  Trinidad, 

ii'urti)  Rico,  Margarctta. 

The /^>ra<:i  claim 
(St.  Domingo,  or    Gu»dal(  upe, 
Hifpaniula  is      St.  Lticiaj 
independent.)     Tobago. 
Miittiiiico, 

The  Dutch  clajm 
St.  Eudatia,  Curalluu,  or  Curacoa 

gaba, 

Dtiimatt  claims 
St.  Croix,  St.  Thomas,  and  f>..  John's. 

Sivcdcn  alfo  poflTcflcs 
The  fmall  ifland  of  St.  Btrtholomew. 
The  climate  in  tW  the  Weft-India  ill- 
ands  is  nearly  the  fapie,  allowing  for 
thofe  accidental  ditVtirences  which  the 
rever.-il  iituatjons  and  q^alilitrti  of  the 
|ands  ihemfelyes  produce.  A3  they  lie 
within  the  tropics,  and  the  fun  goes  quite 
over  their  heads,  pafling  beyond  tlie.n  to 
the  north,  and  never  returning  farther 
fruih  any  of  then;  thau  about  30  decrees 


to  the  fourh.  they  would  he  eonttnualij^ 
f'jbj'.-iAcd  to  an  extreme  and  intolerable 
heat,  if  the  tt.ulc  winds,  rifinj  <;radually 
u  the  fun  gatliers  ftrength,  did  not  blow- 
in  upon  them  (\on\  the  Tea,  and  refreHi 
the  air  in  ftich  a  manner,  as  to  en;4lile 
them  to  attend  their  concerns  even  under 
the  titeridian  fun.  On  the  other  hand, 
as  the  night  advances,  a  breeze  l)t^ins  irj 
be  perceived,  which  blows  fmartly  from 
the  land,  as  it  were  from  the  centre,  to- 
watdt  the  Tea,  to  all  points  of  the  com- 
pafs  at  once.  Dy  the  fame  remarkable 
Providence  in  the  difpofliig  of  things,  it 
is,  that  when  the  fun  hni  made  a  great 
progref*  towards  the  tro;-;c  of  C.inccr, 
and  <ecoine*  in  a  manner  vertical,  he 
draws  after  him  a  v)(l  hody  of  clouds, 
which  (liield  them  fivm  his  tfireiH  beams, 
and  diflulvi'.^  into  nn,  cool  the  air,  and 
rcfrefl>.  "he  count-v,  thirfty  with  the  Icng 
drought,  which  commonly  M^vailt  rr>.ni 
the  beginning  of  January  >  the  latter 
end  of  May.  The  ralu^  .  1,  ke  the  only 
diftlnJliun  of  feafous  in  t  ,c  Weft  Ind'"* ; 
the  trees  arc  grf,'  'i  *'ie  whole  year  ror  '' ; 
they  have  no  ( jid,  10  frofti,  d<>  f.icws, 
and  but  rarclj  fonic  hail ;  the  ftorms  of 
h.iil  are,  however,  very  violent  wlien  they 
happen, and  the  h.iil-ft(jnes  very  great  and 
heavy.  The  grand  ftapic  conuiiodity.of 
the  W.  Indies  is  fugar,  Tlie  Putiugueie 
were  the  firft  who  culti^'.ittd  it  in  Amer- 
ica. The  jtilci  of  the  fu.n-ir-cane  is  the 
moft  lively,  ix'^tllentj  ;ind  the  le<ift  cloy* 
ing  fwttt  in  nature.  They  compute,  that 
when  tliini>4  are  vvtll  mantjif  d,  the  run» 
and  njol.illes  pay  the  ch.ir);csof  the  pl.in- 
tation,  and  the  lugars  arc  clc^r  gain.  Thq 
quaiitltv  of  rum  and  niolaires  cxp«rt(.di. 
trom  all  the  Britifti  Weft  India  illands  in 
.7X1)  to  all  parts,  was  accurately  as  fol- 
!(>v>:  Rum,  9.491,177  gallons,  of  which 
I  i<^'5i4'>'  gallons  came  to  the  Unite^ 
Slates  J  MolalTc.',  at, I9Z  gallons,  of  which 
iuoo  gitilonj  came  to  tlu:  Uiilvcd  States. 
The  negroes  in  tht  plantations  arc  fub- 
fifttd  at  a  vcryeafy  rate.  'J'liis  is  gener- 
ally by  allottinj^;  to  each  family  of  ti.em  »,- 
Imall  portion  of  land,  and  allowing  theni 
tv.-o  days  in  the  week,  Saturday  and  Sun- 
day, to  cultivate  it ;  foroe  arefnbfiftcd  ia 
this  manner,  but  others  6ud  their  ntgroct 
a  certain  portion  of  Indian  or  Guineft 
corn,  and  to  fome  a  fait  herring,  or  a  cer- 
tain poi  tion  of  bacon  or  fait  pork,  a  day, 
Alt  the  reft  of  the  charge  coultfts  in  a  cap, 
Hiirt,  a  pair  of  breeches,  and  a  blanket ;' 
and  the  prcfii  of  their  labour  yields  on  an 
average  j^VQW  £,13.  uauually.    'I'he  price 

■  °f 


4" 


[H 


'if    ?J 


||.|  t* 


Y  m 


WES 


WES 


"«jf  men  negroes,  upon  their  firft  arriv<i1,  is 
Trom  £20  to  £2^6 ;  women  and  grown 
hoys  50/lcfs;  but  fuch  negro  families  as 
•are  acquainted  with  the  buflnefs  of  the 
tflnnds,  generalJy  bring  aUovc  £40  upon 
an  avera;^c  one  xvith  another  ;  and  there 
«re  inftances  of  a  fingle  negro  man,  expert 
■in  the  buCnefi, bringing  150  guineas ;  and 
the  wealth  of  a  planter  is  generally  com- 
muted from  the  number  of  (laves  he  pof- 
iiEfles.  In  the  year  1787,  the  Moravi- 
ans or  Unittd  Br.erhrcn,  had  the  following 
number  of  converted  negro  (laves,  inde- 
pendent of  thofc  who  attended  divine 
fcr  vice- 
In  Anti;TU,-i  -  -  -  5)4^5 
In  St.  Kitts,  a  new  milEon  -  80 
In  Barhadocs  and  Jamaica  about  too 
,ln  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  and 

St.  John's,  about        -        -        .10,000 
In  S'irrhiam,  (or  the  continent) 

about  ...        -        400 

Still  living  in  the  Weft  Indies       ■ 

and  Surxinam  -  -  16,045 

Population  tftbe  BtUiJh  Wrft  Indies. 

Whites.  Blacks. 


Jamaica 

30,000 

»jo,obo 

Barbadoea 

r6,i67 

'6a,  115 

'Grenada 

1, 000 

43,926 

Sr.  Vincent 

Mjo 

".853 

Dominica 

i,»3<» 

■14.967 

Antigua 

il.590 

37,808 

IVfontfcrrat 

1,500 

10,000 

Nevis 

1,000 

8410 

St.  Chri(tophtr*» 

i,9fi>o 

ao435 

Virgin  Iflcj 

I, SCO 

9,000 

i3ahamas 

■1,000 

2,a4i 

'Bermudas 

5,46» 

4,9«9 

-:  Total  65,,30j        455.684 

■There  is  lilctwife,  in  eieh  <  t  the  idand", 
«  number  of  perfons,  of  mixed  blood,  and 
■native  blacks  of  fret'  condition.  In  Ja- 
inaica  they  are  retVoned  at  10,000 ;  and 
-about  the  fame  number  in  the  other  i(l- 
«nds,  taken  collciiiively.  The  following 
ftateirtertt  was  made  in  the  Briti(h  Houic 
of  Commons.  Import^  from  the  Britifli 
"VVcft  Indies  in  T795,  /!8,8co,00o  fterl — 
revenue  arifing  t!itreftom,  ^1,614,000 — 
Jliipping  employee'  in  that  trade,  664  vef- 
iicls — tonnage,  153,000— feamen,  8,000.1 
(Exports  from  Great  Britain  to  the  Weft 
fndies,  in  1794,  ;^3,"00,0OO,  employing 
700  vtflcis— tonnage,  177,000 — feamen, 
«a,00a  Produce  of  the  illands  imported 
4nd  re-txported,  /?3,7co,ooo.  The  fol- 
lowing account  of  the  while  inhabitants, 
free  negroes,  and  fl^ve^.tn  the  French  ifl- 
aiujs  is  extracted  t'ruin  the  (Idtenicnt  of  1 


Rf onf.  Ntckar ;  but  it  is  thought  that  flie 
negro  flavcs  were  doubled  before  tl»e 
coramcnctmeni  of  the  Trench  revolution. 

Blackt.  Slcnitf 
osi    i49,ogS 


St.  Pomingo  ill  1779 
Martinico  In  1770 
Gaiidaloiipe  In  1770 
St.  Lucia  In  1776 
Tobago  (ruppofed 

to  be  the  fame 

««  8t.  Lucia) 
Cayenne  (d.A.)  in  1786 


% 


irl.utes.  f 

Il,rtI9 

■1.3^7 

i,397 

I.3S8 


l,38z 
1,050 


71.1 
as, 3*7 
io,7Ji 


i.ojo     io,7fj 

——  lo.s:;? 


63,681 1 3,4x9437,736 

The  French  writers  ftate  the  number  of 
fliips  employed  in  their  Weft  India  trade 
at  600,  each  on  an  average  300  tons— 
their  feamen  at  15,000.  Since  their  rev- 
olution, their  W.  India  trade  is  le(rened, 
and  is  now  almoft  annihilated.  The  pro- 
duce in  1785,  was  160  millions  of  livrcs. 
The  W.  India  trade  wasthought  to  be  worth 
to  France  about  ;{^400,oco  fterl.  annually, 
before  ihe  revolution.  The  value  of  the 
Spanifit  Weft  India  trade  is  blended  with 
that  of  America  in  general ;  Sec  Sfaniji 
America.  The  Danilli  Weft  India  trade 
brings  in  a  revenue  to  the  King  of  Den- 
mark of  133,000  dollars.  The  idands 
are  defcribed  under  their  refpc(5live 
names. 

Weft  Liberty,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
and  the  capital  of  Ohio  co.fltthe  head  of 
Short  Creek,  6  miles  from  the  Ohio.  It 
contains  above  120  houfes,  a  Preihyteri- 
an  church,  a  court- houfe  and  gaot.  It 
lies  two  miles  W  of  the  Pennfylvania  line., 
18  N  W  of  Wheeling,  23  W  of  Wafliing- 
ton  in  Pennfylvania,  and  348  W  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

fVeft  Main,  the  W  fliorc  of  HudfonS 
Bay  in  N.  America  is  fo  called,  at  leaft 
that  part  of  it  called  James  Bay.  See 
Eiijf  Main, 

'IVeJimii'Jlerya  townfliipof  Worceftcr  CO. 
Maflachufctts,  w.-is  granted  to  thofc  who 
did  fervice  in  tht  Narraganfet  war, or  their 
heirs,  in  1728,  and  was  then  ftyled  Nar- 
rogjt.fct.  No.  2.  It  was  incorporated  by 
its  prefent  name  in  1759,  and  contains 
30,oooacresaf  land,  well  watered, and  has 
1,369  inhabitants.  It  is  fuuated  on  the 
height  of  land  between  the  rivers  Merri- 
mack and  Conncth^icut,  having  ftreams 
arifing  in  the  town,  and  running  into  botli. 
It  is  about  55  miles  N  W  of  Bofton,  and 
about  22  miles  H  of  Worceftcr. 

Wcftminjler,  a  poft  town  of  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  on  Conuecfticut  River,  op- 
poUte  Walpolc  in  New  Hampfliire.  k 
contains  1,942  inhabitants.  Sexton's  Riv- 
er enters  the  Connedlicut  iu  the  H  £  cor.- 

Jier 


W  E  S 


W  E  S 


,050    10,752 


i,4»j»  437,736 


net  of  the  toTvnfhip,  18  miles  N  of  Brat- 
titborough,  18  N  W  of  Keene,  59  N  of 
Northanipton,  and  473  from  Wafliington. 

Wtfimlnfiery  tlie  eaftcrnmofl  town  of 
Frederick  co.  Maryland,  about  26  miles 
N  W  of  Baltimore,  and  47  N  by  E  of 
W,ifliiugton.     Here  i»  a  pdfV  office. 

IVeftmore,  the  we(lernmi)ft  town  of  E'"- 
fex  CO.  Vermont.  WilJoughby  Lake  lies 
in  this  townfljip. 

fVeflmnrtland,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N  and  E  by  Paiowmack  River, 
which  divides  it  from  Maryland,  S  F.  by 
Northumberland,  S  W  by  Richmond,  and 
Why  King  George.  It  contained  in  1790, 
7,74a  inhabitants,  of  whom  4425  were 
Haves.  'Ihis  county  has  the  honour  of 
havini;  j»ivtn  birth  to  Gfcraf  Wajbingiony 
firft  Prtllclent  ofthe  United  States.-  The 
eourt-hojfc  in  this  county  is  on  the  S 
bank  of  Patowniac  River,  10  miles  N  by 
E  of  Richmond. 

Wcfmurthnd,  acountyof  Pennfylvania, 
bounded  N  by  Lycoming,  and  S  by  Fay- 
ette CO.  and  abounds  with  iron  ore  and 
coal.  It  contains  14  townfliips,  and 
i-i,7i(>  inhabitants. 

WfmorelanJ,  a  confidcrabie  townfliip 
of  N.  Hamplhirc,  Chcfliire  co.  on  the 
eaftern  bank  of  Connecticut  River,  be- 
tween Chcfttrfield  and  WaIpole,uo  miles 
frt)m  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporifcd 
iu  t7.fl,  and  contains  2  066  iuhabitanrtj. 

IV.JtmorelanJ,  a  poft  town  of  New  York, 
Oheida  co.  taken  from  Whiteftown,  and 
incorporated  in  1792.  It  contains  1,542 
inhabitants.  The  centre  of  the  town  is 
6  miles  S  of  Fort  Schuyler,  36  N  \V  of 
Cooperftown,  and  506  from  Wafliington. 

IV'JlmotflanJ,  a  tract  of  land  iu  Penn- 
fylvania, bounded  E'by  Delaware  River, 
W  by  a  line  drawn  due  N  and  S  15  miles 
W  ot  Wyoming  on  Sufqtiehannah  River, 
and  between  tli^  par!>llels  of  41  and  40 
degrees  of  N  lat.  was  claimed  by  the  State 
of  Connecticut,  as  withif)  the  limits  of 
their  ori<final  charter,  ar.d  in  1754  was 
purchafed  of  thf  Six  Nations  of  Indians 
by  the  Siifnuchannah  and  Delaware  com- 
panies, and  afterwards  (Vttlcd  by  :•.  con- 
liderabie  colony,  under  tiic  jurifditTiion  of 
ConncifVicut.  Tiifs  traift  wm  calkd  IVefl- 
niorelaml,  and  annexe.'  to  the  county  of 
l,itcli!leld  in  Connecticut.  Tli-j  Penn- 
fvlvanians  difptited  the  tiairi  or  Connec- 
ticut to  thefe  buds,  and  in  tlu'  prngrcfj 
of  this  hufinefs  tlicrc  was  much,  warm 
contention,  and  fonie  bloodllied.  This 
anhappy  difputc  ha«  CiJcc  bceu  adjufted. 
!:te  IVycmi/ig, 


H^e/loK,  a  townfliip  of  MafTichufetts,  Ttf 
Middlefcx  co.  15  miles  W  of  Bofton.  Ir 
was  incorporated  in  17 12,  and  contains 
1,027  inhabitants. 

Wejlon,  a  townfliip  of  Fairfield  CO.  Con- 
nedticut,  N  of  Fairfield,  adjoining.  It  has- 
2,680  inliabitants. 

Wejlr,n,  a  town  in  Bennington  co.  Ver- 
mont, formed  of  the  wcftern  part  of  An- 
dover  and  Benton's  gore,  and  incorpora- 
ted iu  1 799.  It  is  contemplated  to  annex 
Land^rove  to  this  townfliip. 

Wcflons  JJlands^  groupcs  of  iflknds  in 
James'  Bay. 

Wcjl  Point,  a  ftiroiig  fortrefs  ere<fled 
during  tlie  rcvolutinn,  cm  the  W  bank  of 
HucUon  River,  in  the  .'itatcof  New  York^ 
6  miles  above  Anthony's  Nofe,  7  below 
Fifli  Kill,  22  S  of  Poughkeepfie,  and  about 
60  N  of  New  York  city;  It  is  fituated  in 
the  midft  of  the  high  lands, and  is  fttong- 
ly  fortified  by  nature  as  well  as  art.  The 
principal  fort  is  fituated  on  a  point  of 
land,  formed  by  a  fudden  l)«nd  in  the  riv- 
er, and  commands  it,  for  a  confiderahle 
diftance.aboveand  below.  Fort  PUtnanr 
is  iifuated  a  little  further  back, on  an  em- 
inence which  overlooks  the  other  fort,and 
commands  a  greater  extent  of  the  river. 
There  are  a  number  of  houfes  and  bar- 
racks on  the  point  near  the  forts.  On 
the  oppofltc  fide  of  the  river  are  the  ruins 
of  Old  Fort  Gon(Ktutiona.with  fome  bar- 
racks going  to  decay.  A  number  of  con- 
tinental troops  are  Rationed  here  to  guard 
the  arfcnaland  ftores  ofthe  United  States,, 
which  are  kept  at  this  place.  This  fort- 
refs is  called  the  Gibraltar  of  America,  as 
by  reafon  of  the  rocky  ridges,  riling  one 
behind  another,  it  is  incapable  of  being 
inverted  by  lefs  than  20,000  men.  The 
fate  of  America  feemed'to  hover  over  this- 
place.  Bencdirt  Arnold,  to  whom  the 
important  charge  of  this  fort  was  com- 
mitted, defigned  to  have  furrendered  it  to 
the  Britifli ;  Ivnt  Providence difappointcd 
the  treafonable  defign,  by  the  moft  fifplc 
means.  Major  Andre,  a  moll  accom- 
pliflied  and  .,  Ilant  officer,  was  taken» 
tried,  and  executed  as  a  fpy,  and  Arnold' 
cfc.tped. 

Wffp-tt,  aflouriniingtrwiiniip  of  Brif- 
tol  CO.  .MalTachufetts.  59  milts  jbutlicrly 
of  Boflon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1787, 
and  <()ntain«;   2  361  inha[)ltants. 

W jl  S'mjhiiry,  a  parilh  in  Simfbury,. 
Hiirtiord  co.  ConnciHicut,  wlicre  there  it 

A  pod  offici'. 

W.y?  Sjjfiijrfie/'/y  a  pod  town  of  Mafla- 
chnlctts,  Harnplliire  co.  on  the  W  fide  of 

ConncAicut 


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W  H  E 


Canneifiicut  River,  oppotitc  Springfield, 
about  28  miles  H  of  Hartford,  anil  100 
\V  S  W  of  Bonon.  In  iht  ccnipaifl  part 
are  about  40  dweliing-hoiircs,  and  n  Con- 
^rcgf-itional  church.  The  townfliip  con- 
tain!) ^  ppfiHics,  and  2,8,35  inhabitants. 

H^tfi  Stocltritfge,  a  townlhip  of  Mafla- 
chufetts,  in  Berkfliirc  co.  adjoining  Stock- 
Ijridgc  on  the  W,  and  has  the  New  York 
line  on  the  N  W,  150  miles  from  Boflon. 
William's  River  and  its  (ireams  water 
the  townfliip,  and  accommodate  i  iron- 
works, a  fulling-mill,  a  grift-mill,  and  tw»> 
faw-mills.  Inhabitants  i.oci.  A  few 
years  fince,  fcveral  marble  quarries  were 
difcovered  in  this  town,  both  white  and 
grey,  which  arc  the  property  of  Meflrs. 
Cook,  Newall  &  Co.  They  are  now 
wrought     to     confidcrabit     advantage. 

?'hrcc  mills  for  fawing  the  marble  have 
ecn  credted,  and  grave  floncs,  chimney 
pieces,  butter-prefervcrs,  and  plates,  are 
made  here  in  great  quantities,  and  fenr 
to  Hudfon,  and  thence  to  N.  York,  and 
Bofton,  to  market.         . 

tf'J}  Tawn,  a  towndiip  in  Chefter  co. 
itcnnfylvania,  having  743  Inhabitants. 

JVetbtrtfielJ.     Set  IP'fathenfield. 

IVeimore's  Tfatidy  <ir  /l:f  IP  tmore,  in  tlie 
county  of  Hancock,  Mafl'.ichufttts.on  Pc- 
nobfcot  River,  the  fame  with  Orphan  Ifl- 
and,  which  fee.  It  belongs  to  William 
Vetmore,  Efq.  is  4!  miles  long  from  N  to 
^,  and  about  i^  wide,  .-ird  lies  in  44  10  N 
lat.  The  N  end  is  fcparated  from  Bucl/- 
tnvn  by  the  caftern  branch  ol  Pcnobfcot 
River, here  about  fth  of  a  mile  wide,  and 
the  S  end  is  about  4  miles  above  Old  Tort 
Pownat.  The  tides  rife  generally  .ibout  10 
teet.  From  Fort  Pownal  to  Frankfort  the 
winterSjOn  account  of  the  proliniity  of  the 
fea,  arc  not  more  fevcre  than  at  l^ofton  ; 
but  Vegetation  is  not  ib  forward  in  flie 
fpting  by  a  fortnight.  This  has  been 
obfcrvcd  and  determi!  Cd  by  the  fprout- 
ing  and  leafing  of  the  birch  tree,  the 
l>cfl  criterion,  becaufe  it  is  the  com- 
mon and  natural  growth  of  the  colmtry. 
£xotics,  fuch  as  the  Lombardy  poplar,  arc 
a  fortnight  later.  Sheep  and  liorfts  re- 
quire little  hay  to  winter  them  on  any  of 
the  iflands  in  PenA^fcot  Bay  ;  and  it  is 
obferved  that  neat  catt'c  do  net  fttjiiire 
fo  much  as  on  the  main  by  one  third,  .tr.d 
Cometimes  one  half,  on  account  of  the 
abundance  of  rock-we-d,  ?,iul  tiii;  liulc 
time  the  ground  is  covtrtd  with  liiow. 
The  winter  feldom  bcjriis  with  any  fe- 
Tcrity  till  the  lafl  of  IVcctiihtr. 

Wt^ltridgty  a  townftiip  01  Vcimcnt,  in 


Addifon  co.  fcparated  from  New  Haven 
on  the  N  and  E  by  Otter  Creek.  It  con- 
tains 502  inhabitants.  Snake  Mountaiti 
lies  nearly  on  the  line  between  this  towa- 
fliip  and  that  of  Addifon  on  the  W. 

WeymoutbtXhe  Waffagujfet  oixhe  Indians, 
a  townfhip  of  Maflachufetts,  Norfolk  co. 
incorporated  in  1635.  It  lies  14  miles  S 
E  of  BoClon,  and  employs  fofne  fmall  vcf- 
fels  in  the  mackerel  fifl>ery.  Fore  River 
on  the  N  W,  and  Back  River  on  the  S  E, 
include  near  one  half  of  the  townfliip. 
The  checfe  made  here  is  reckoned  among 
the  belt  brought  to  Bofton  market.  It  is 
faid  to  be  one  of  the  oldeft  towns  in  the 
State ;  Mr.  Wefton,  an  Englifli  merchant, 
having  made  a  temporary  fettlcment  here 
in  fummer,  i62'4.  It  contains  1,803  'U- 
haViitants. 

VVbalt  Cov!  TJland,  in  the  northern  pari? 
of  N.  America,  is  the  moft  northerly  of 
two  illands  lying  to  the  S  of  Brook  Cob- 
ham,  or  Marble  Iftand,  which  is  in  lat.  6j 
N.  Lovegrove,  t!ie  other  ifland,  has  a. 
fair  opening  to  the  W  of  it. 

H^hale  Fijh  IJlanJ,  in  the  river  Eflequi- 
bo,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  America,  is  above 
the  Seven  Brothers,  or  Seveii  Iflands,  and 
below  the  Tlirce  Brothers. 

iVIfili  IJland,  at  the  mouth  of  MKen- 
zie's  Rivtr,  in  the  North  Sea  or  Ftozctt' 
Ocean,  on  the  N  coaft  of  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America.     N  lat.  69  14. 

tVbippings  Creek,  a  filial!  creek  whic^r 
empties  through  the  E  bank  of  HudfonV 
River,  in  the  townfliip  of  Fifli  Kill,  eight 
miles  S  of  Poiighkeepfie,  and  72  N  of  N, 
York  city.  Here  are  two  mills,  at  which 
confiderable  bufinefs  is  performed. 

IV.'jaiton,  a  townfliip  of  Fayette  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  having  674  inhabitants.    . 

WLately^ii  townfliip  of  Maffachufetts, 
Hainpfl)irc  CO.  10  miles  N<if  Northampton, 
and  icj  from  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1.77 1,  and  contains  773  inhabitants. 

fr^Leelinfr,  a  pofl  town  of  Virginia,  at' 
the  mouth  of  a  creek  on  the  E  bank  of 
Ohio  River,  12  miles  above  Grave  Creek, 
12  SW  of  Wtft  Liberty,  54  S  W  of 
Pittfhurg,  and  312  from  Wafliiiigt'on.  ^  At 
the  mouth  of  the  Big  Kanawa,  not  fr./ 
tjom  this  place,  a  wall  has  beeii  difcover- 
ed fome  fett  tinder  the  earth,  very  reiru- 
larly  buiit,  apparently  the  work  of  art. 
It  is  332  utiles  from  Philadelphia- 

H'heeloik,  a  townfliip  of  Verrtbnt,  in 
Caiciionia  co.  about  20  mile*  N  W  of 
Litih  ton,and  contains  568  inhabitants. 

W'H'flivrlgbt  Cut,  ,«t  the  N  W  cud  of 
the  iflaud  ol  St.  Ghriftopher's,  in  the   W. 

hiiJiu/ 


L 


W  H\ 

Indies,  has  Willet's  Bay  and  Mafshoufe 
Bay  £,  and  (,'ourpon's  and  Convent  Bays 
6  W.  There  is  a  fand-bank  before  the 
entrance,  which  appears  to  prevent  £hips 
from  going  in. 

U^bennuia,  one  of  two  fmall  iflands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  ifland 
of  Otaha. 

JVIjstflont  Fort,  on  the  N  fide  of  Patapf- 
co  River,  and  W  fide  of  the  mouth  of 
Baltimore  Harbour,  in  Maryland.  It  is 
oppoiite  Gofluch  Point,  %\  miles  cafterly 
from  the  Baltimore  Company'siron^woiks, 
at  the  mouth  of  Owin's  Falls. 

Wblfpany,  a  village  of  N.  Jerfey,  Mor- 
ris  CO.  on  a  branch  of  Paflaick  River,  5 
miles  N  £  of  Morriftown. 

Whirl,  or  5wi,  in  Tenneffee  River,  is  a 
great  curioflty.  From  half  a  mile  in 
nidth,  the  river  is  contracted  to  70  yards 
as  it  ruflics  through  the  Cumberland 
mountain,  lat.  1$  N. 

tVbiie,  a  river  or  torrent  ifluing  from 
the  mountain  of  fulphur  in  the  ifland  of 
Gaudaloupe,  in  the  Weft  Indies.  It  is 
thus  na''ed  as  often  afliiming  a  white 
colour  from  the  aflies  and  fulphur  cov- 
ering it.  It  empties  into  the  river  St. 
Louis. 

White,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  joins 
Arkanfas  River,  about  10  miles  above  the 
fort,  which  Mr.  Hutchins  reckons  550 
computed  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and 
660  from  the  fea.  It  has  been  navigated 
above  1100  miles  in  flat-bottomed  boats. 
See  Arkanfas. 

While,  a  fmall  river  of  the  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory, which  purfucs  a  N  W,  and,  near 
its  mouth,  a  weftcrly  courfe,  and  enters 
Wabafli  River,  Vi  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  Chickafaw  RiVer. 

White,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which  falls 
into  Connecticut  River  about  5  miles  be- 
lowDartmouth College, between  Norwich 
and   Hartford.    It  is  from   100  to    150 

J'ards  wide,  fome  diftancefrom  its  mouth, 
ts  fourcc  is  in  a  fpring,  'vhich  by  means 
of  Onion  River,  communicates  with  Lake 
Champlain.  It  derives  its  name  from  the 
whitencfs  of  its  water. 

White  Bay,  on  tlic  E  coaft  of  Newfound- 
land, in  the  Machignnis  River.  Its  N 
limit  is  Cape  d'Argent. 

Woite  Ciipe,  or  Blanco,  on  the  W  coaft 
of  N.  Mexico,  is  so  leagues  to  the  N  W 
of  Hcrradura.  This  cape,  in  lat.  10  N, 
bears  with  tiie  ifland  Canoe,  at  N  W  by 
W,  and  S  E  by  E.  and  with  St.  Luke  Ifl. 
at  N  E  by  N,  ami  S  W  by  S,  being  about 
9  leagues  from  each. 
Vv^.  I.  M  M  m  m 


WHl 

White  Deer,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvaniai 
on  Sufquchannah  River. 

Whitefield,  or  Wheatfeld,  a  townfliip  of 
Pennfylvania,  Wcflinureland  co.  having 
779  inhabitants. 

White  Ground^  a  place  in  the  Creek 
country,  10  miles  from  Little  Tallaflee. 

Whitehall^  a  townfliip  of  Penn  North* 
ampton  co.  having  2,o.^a  inhabitants. 

Whitehall,  a  port  town  of  Wafliingtoo 
CO.  N.  York,  eAibracing  the  tradt  former- 
ly called  Skeenflrarough.  It  has  Fairha- 
ven  and  Poultney  in  Vermont  on  the  N 
and  £.    It  contains  1,604  inhabitants. 

Whitel^yfgb,  a  poft  town  of  Kent  co, 
Delaware,  117  miles  from  Wafliington. 

White  Marjb%  a  poft  town  of  PennfyU 
vania,  Montgomery  co.  ss  niiles  from 
Wafliington. 

White  MouHtaititi  See  I^iw  Hampjhirt, 
Wbiieptine^  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Montgomery  co.  having  77 1  inhabitants. 
Whitt  Plaint,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York, 
Weft  Chefter  co.  bounded  eaflerly  by 
Mamaroneck  River,  and  weftcrly  by 
Bronx  River.  It  contains  566  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  remarkable  for  a  battle  fought 
here  between  the  American  and  Britiflj 
forces,  on  the  28th  of  OiStober,  1776.  It 
is  15  miles  E  by  N  of  Kingfl>ridge,  30  II 
E  by  N  of  New  York. 

White  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, is  about  3  leagues  S  W  of  Cape  Can- 
fo,  and  N  £  of  Green  Point.  There  i» 
an  ifland  oft"  the  Point  that  flielters  Bar 
riaven. 

White  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Cape  Brew 
ton  Ifland,  is  about  a  mile  S  W  of  Black 
Cape,  near  the  harbour  of  Lnuifl)urg, 
and  the  E  point  of  Gabarus  Bay. 

While  Point,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica, 
lies  eaftward  of  White  Horfe  Clins,  about 
7  leagues  E  of  Port  Royal. 

Whitens  Buy,  on  the  coaft  of  NeAvfound- 
land.     N  lat.  50  17,  W  Ion 5;.  56  15. 

White's  River,  on  the  N  E  coaft  of  Ja- 
maica, is  near  the  W  limit  of  Port  An- 
tonio. 

WhiteJ!own,  a  poft  town  in  Oneida  ro. 
N.  York,  on  the  S  (ide  of  Mohawk  River, 
4  miles  W  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler,  and  100 
VV  of  Albany.  The  compaiil  part  of  this 
floiirifliing  town  lies  on  one  I>cautiful 
ftreet,  about  a  mile  in  length, orn.imented 
with  trees.  The  houfes  ?re  generally 
furniflied  with  water,  condudted  by  pipes 
laid  under  ground,  from  the  neighbour- 
ing hills.  I'he  foil  of  this  town  is  re- 
markably good.  Nine  acres  of  wheat  in 
one  field,  vielded  on  an  average,  4 1  bufli- 

els 


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els  of  wheat,  of  60  lb.  each,  an  acre. 
I'liis  is  no  uncommon  crop.  I'his  town 
and  its  neighbourhood  has  been  fettled 
with  rcmarlcabie  rapidity.  All  thAt  dif- 
tri(5l:  comprehended  between  the  Oneida 
Hcfcrvation,  and  the  Qernian  Flats,  was 
knpwn,  a  few  years  fmce,  by  the  name 
of  Wilttftonvii,  and  no  longer  ago  than 
1785,  contained  two  families  only,  thufe 
of  Hugh  White,  and  Mofes  Foot,  Efqrs. 
In  1796,  there  were  within  the  fame  lim- 
its, 6  pariflies,  with  as  many  fettled  min- 
ifters,  3  full  regiments  of  militia,  i  corps 
of  light  horfe,  all  in  uniform.  In  the 
whole,  7,359  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,190 
were  qualified  eledlors,  and  in  iSoo^there 
tvere  4,21a  inhabitants  in  Whiteftown, 
>vhich  is  but  a  fmall  fcc^ion  of  the  above 
clcfcribcd  diftritfL 

White  IVood  IJland,  or   De  Boh  Blanc. 
Sec  Miibiilimaikinat, 

Wbitirg,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Addifon  CO.  fcparated  from  I.cicefter  on  | 
the  £  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  part  of  | 
Or  well  on  the  W.  It  ccntains  404  in-  , 
liaLitantSi  l 

JVhittiMgham,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  , 
in  the  S  W  corner  of  Windham  co.  con-  i 
taining  868  inhabitants.  1 

IVLitfutt  IJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  i 
is  about  4  miles  long,  and  3  broad  ;  and  '• 
lb  furrouaded  by  breakers  that  a  beat 
cannot  land.     S  lat.  19  26,  W  lung.  137 
56. 

tyiandotsy  or  Wyandofs,  an  Indian  tribe  :  | 
inhabiting  ne.ir  Furt  St.  Jofeph,  and  De-  ii 
troit,  in  the  N.  W.  Territcry,  Wayne  co.  jj 
Warriors  aoo.  '  M 

(Viafoco,  or  LUtle  iVia,  is  an  outlet  or  '  • 
arm  i)t  the  river  Gronoko.on  the  Wlide.  \\ 
It  hiis  many  brauches,  which  are  all  uav-  { 
•gable.  {i 

IVidfurd,  a  fmall  trading  village  in  the  ij 
towr.fliip  of  North  Kingilown,  Rhode-;! 
lliand,and  on  the  W  fide  of  Narra^anfc't  il 
Bay  ;  24  miles  S  of  Providence,  and  9  or  n 
»Q  N  "-V  of  New  port.  Here  is  a  poft  | 
wffice.  I' 

WiefpltuaTi,  a  river  of  Louifiana,  wiiich  | 
empties  iiiU)  tlu  MiirilJ[;pi,22  miles  above  i 
ihcSoutoux  vilUgL-.  ] 

H^ietMuv,  a  liiK'.i-l  river  of  Maryland,  | 
which  rifcs  in  iJufllx  county,  Delaware,  | 
and  cinptieb  into  Filliiiij^  Bay,  on  the  tad  > 
fliort  ot'Chcfapc.'.k  Bay.  | 

iVi^hconiUa,  a  fliort  navigable  river  of  ! 
M.Aryland',  which  is  tornied  by  Pilts  and  i 
iMlen'b  Fieiii,  and',  ruii.nin^q  louiliward, ' 
empties  into  the  Paro\Mi;ao,  about  35  i 
miles  from  its  niuuih.  Cub  .Nctk  tutKij  j 
liiC  N  iisiit  bl'iu  Dicuth. 


IVlgbt,  IJIi  of.    See  IJIe  of  Wight  County.- 
Wight,  JJIe  ef;  E  end  of  Long-Ifland. 
See  Oardttir't  IJland. 

Wilbralam,  a  townfhip  of  MafTachtlo 
fctts,  in  Hampfliire  co.  10  miles  £  of 
Sprin.  field,  30  N  £  of  Hartford,  in  Con- 
nedtic  rt,  and  89  S  W  of  Br<fton.  It  was 
iucor[.  rated  in  1763 ;  contains  2  parifli-' 
cs,  am    1,743  inhabitants. 

Wii  !,  a  county  of  the  upper  didridt 
of  Ge<  gia,  fcparated  from  S.  Carolina, 
on  the  iflward,  by  Savannah  River,  and 
contain  13,103  mhabitants,  including 
50C8  f];  es.  Tobacco  is  the  chief  pro- 
duce of  iiis  county,  of  which  it  exported 
about  3,000  hhds.  in  1788.  It  is  well 
watered,  &nd  is  famous  for  a  medicinal 
fpring,  near  its  chief  town,  Wafliingtco  } 
which  fee. 

Wi/iet,  a  county  of  Morgan  diflriifl,  in 
the  N  W  corner  of  N.  Carolina.  It  con- 
tains 7,247  inhabitants,  including  790 
fiaves. 

Wilies,  a  port  town  and  chief  of  the 
above  county,  $3  miles  from  Rockford, 
45  from  Morgantown,and6ix  fromFhi- 
ladciphia. 

Wili/iarre,  or  Wili/iurg,  a  pofl  town  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  chief  Town  of  Luzerne 
CO.  on  the  S  £  fide  of  the  £  branch  of 
the  Sufquehannah.  It  contains  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  45  houfes.  It  is 
67  miles  N  £  of  Bethlehem,  about  the 
fame  didance  above  Sunbury,  1x8  N  by 
N  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  260  from 
Wafliington. 

Wiliet't  Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  Chriftopher's.  Willet!s  Gut  it 
at  the  S  W  coad  of  the  fame  ifland. 

William,  Fort,  (now  called  Fort  Indepen- 
dence} was  eredled  on  Caflle  Ifland  in  IJof- 
ton  harbour,  in  the  reign  ol  king  William, 
by  Colonel  Rocmer,  a  famous  ;;:ngineer. 
When  the  Britifh  troops  cvac.iated  Bof- 
ton,  hi  March,  1776,  the  fortificationc 
were  blown  up,  but  were  foon  after  re- 
paired, and  have  fince  been  built  at  a 
great  expcnfe  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States.  This  ifland  contains  about 
18  acres  of  land,  diflanl  3  m<les  from  the 
town  of  Boflon.- 

JVilliums,  a  townfliip  in  Northamptoa 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

IVilliattts  Sound,  Prince,  on  the  N  W 
coatk  of  N.  Apicica.  Its  E  point  is  in 
laL  60  19  N,  and  long.  146  si  ^>  ^o^ 
Cape  Elizabeth  which  is  its  W  point, 
and  the  £  point  of  Cook's  River,  is  in  lat. 
59  10,  and  long.  15*  15. 

Wimawjbotougb^  a  poft  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, 


W  I  L 

olina,  and  capital  of  Granville  co.  plcaf- 
antly  fituated  on  a  creek  which  falls  into 
the  Roanoke.  It  carries  on  a  briflc  trade 
with  the  back  counties,  and  contains  be- 
tween 30  and  40  houfcs,  a  court  h'mfe, 
gaol,  and  flourifliing  academy.  It  is  17 
miles  from  Warrenton,  48  N  E  of  Hillf- 
borough,  56  W  N  W  of  Ha'' "  x,  and  2S7 
from  Wafliington. 

IVtlliaaJburg,  a  CO,  of  Virgimaibctwccn 
Toik  and  James'  Rivers,  and  was  joined 
in  the  enumeration  of  inhabitants,  in 
1 7  90,  with  York  co.  Thefc  together  con- 
tained 5,133  inhabitants. 

Willianijburttby  a  townlliipof  Maflachu- 
fettsi  Hamplljire  co.  on  the  W  fide  of 
Conneclicut  River,  having  Hatfield  on 
the  E.  It  contains  a  handfomc  Congre- 
gational church,  and  1,176  inhabitants. 
In  the  year  1760,  this  townfliip  was  a  wil- 
dernefs.  It  lies  7  miles  from  Conne<£licut 
River,  8  N  W  of  Northampton,  and  108 
W  of  Bodon. 

IViiliamJburgl,  a  port  town  of  N.  York, 
Ontario  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Geneffec 
River,  and  between  that  and  Cancfus 
X^ake,  30  miles  S  W  of  Canandarquc,  40 
N  W  of  Bath,  98  N  W  of  Athens  or  Tio- 
ga Point,  and  288  N  wefterly  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

iVilliamJburg,  called  alfo  yonefiown,  a 
pod  town  of  Pennfylvania,  Dauphine  co. 
at  the  jundlion  of  Little  Swatara  with 
jwatara  River.  It  has  a  German  Luther- 
an and  Calvinifl  church,  and  about  40 
dwelling  lioufes.  It  is  23  miles  N  £  by 
E  of  Harrilburg,  and  89  N  W  of  Phila- 
delphia.— Alfo,  the  name  of  a  tovnfhip 
in  Luzerne  county. 

IVilliamJhurg,  a  poll  town  on  the  Little 
Miami,  in  Clermont  co.  Ohio,  483  miles 
from  Walhington. 

WiiUamfburg,  a  village  of  Maryland,  in 
Talbot  county,  5  miles  N  E  of  Eadon, 
and  4  N  W  of  KingVTown. 

tyuiiam/iurg,  a  poft»town  of  Virginia, 
lies  60  miles  eaftward  of  Richmond,  fitu- 
ated between  two  creeks,  one  falling  into 
James,  the  other  into  York  River,  The 
diftance  of  each  landing-place  is  about  a 
mile  from  the  town.  During  the  regal 
government  it  was  propoled  to  unite  thefe 
creeks  by  a  canal  palling  throu<rh  the 
centre  of  the  town  ;  but  the  removal  of 
the  feat  of  government  rendered  it  no 
longer  an  objetTl  of  importance.  It  con- 
tains about  200  houfcs,  and  has  about 
X400  inhabitants.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  in  parallel  drects,  with  a  plcafant 
f(}U(tre  in  the  centre  of  about  ten  acres, 


W  I  L 

through  which  runs  the  principal  A^Lt 
£  and  W,  about  a  mile  in  length,  md 
more  than  100  feet  wide.  At  the  ends' 
of  this  IFreet  arc  two  public  building*, 
the  college  and  capitol.  Befides  tliei'e 
there  is  an  Epifcopal  church,  a  prifon,  h 
cjouri  houfe,  a  maga/ine,  now  occupied 
as  a  market,  and  a  hofpital  for  lunatics, 
calculated  to  accommodate  between  ao 
and  30  patients,  in  ftparate  rooms  or 
cells.  The  houle  is  ne.Ttly  kept,  and  the 
patients  w<,ll  attended.  The  houfii  of 
the  prcfident  of  the  college,  occupied  as 
an  hofpital  by  the  French  army,  was 
burnt  in  the  war,  but  has  been  rebuilt  at 
the  expenfe  of  the  Trench  government. 
In  the  capitol  is  a  large  marble  Aatue,  of 
Narbone  Berkley,  Lord  Botetourt,  a  man 
difiinguiHied  for  his  love  of  piety,  litera- 
ture, and  good  government,  and  former- 
ly governor  of  Virginia.  It  was  erected 
at  the  expenfe  of  the  .State,  fome  time 
fincc  the  year  177 1.  The  capitol  is  lit- 
tle better  than  in  ruins,  and  this  elegant 
fiatue  is  expofcd  to  the  rudencfs  of  ne- 
groes and  boys,  and  is  fliamefully  defa- 
ced. The  college  of  William  and  Mary 
fixed  here,  was  founded  in  the  time  of 
king  William  and  queen  Mary,  who 
granted  to  it  20,000  acres  of  land,  and 
a  penny  a  pound  duty  on  certain  tobac- 
cocs  exported  from  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land, which  had  been  levied  by  the  (latute 
of  25  Car.  a.  The  aflembly  alfo  gave  it, 
by  temporary  laws,  a  duty  on  liquors 
imported,  and  fkins  and  furs  exported. 
From  thefe  reCources  it  received  upwards 
of  3,oool.  The  buildings  are  of  brick, 
fufiicient  for  an  indifTercrtt  accommoda- 
tion of  perhaps  100  fludents,  but  tliere 
are  not  generally  more  than  40.  By  its 
charter,  it  was  to  be  under  the  govern'* 
ment  of  20  vifitors,  who  were  to  be  its 
legiflators,  and  to  h.ive  a  prefident  and 
fix  profeflbrs,  who  were  incorporated. 
It  was  allowed  a  rcprefentative  in  the 
general  aflembly.  Under  this  charter,  a 
profeflbrfliio  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan- 
guages, a  profeiTorfliip  of  mathematics, 
one  of  moral  philofophy,  and  two  of  di- 
vinity, were  eft-'ibliflied.  To  thefc  were 
annexed,  for  a  fixth  protefibrfliip,  a  con- 
liderable  donation  by  a  Mr.  Boyle  of 
England,  for  the  inftruc'lion  of  the  Indians, 
and  their  convcrfion  toChriftianity.  This 
was  called  the  profeflorfliipof  Br;i(Terton, 
from  an  t  flate  of  that  name  in  F.ngland, 
purchafcd  with  the  monies  given.  A 
court  of  Ai'miralty  fits  here  whenever  a 
controvcrr   arifcs.    It  is  i  a  miles  E  of 

York 


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W  I  L 


W  I  L 


yil^  Town,  60  E  of  Richmond,  48  N  W 

Of  Norfolk,  and  338  S  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Leaft  heat  hcrCi  6    o 

Mean  heat,  60  8 

Created  heat,  98  o 

N  lat.  37  16,  W  long.  76  48. 

William/port,  A  pod  town  of  Maryland, 
Wafliington  co.  on  the  N  fide  of  Patow- 
mack  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Conego- 
cheague  Creek,  8  miles  S  uf  the  Pennfyl- 
vania  line,  6  S  W  of  Hagarflown,  37  N 
by  E  of  Winchefter,  in  Virginia,  a8  S  by 
W  of  Chamberfljurg,  and  i jj  W  by  S  of 
Philadelphia. 

Williamffott,  a  poft  town  of  Lycom- 
ing CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  (lands  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  W  branch  of  the  Sufquehannah, 
38  miles  above  Nurthumbcrlriitd.  It  con- 
tains about  30  houfcs,  and  is  a  flourifli- 
ing  place. 

WitliamfoH,  a  tdwnfliip  of  N.  York,  On- 
tario CO.  In  1796,  there  were  142  of  its 
inhabitants  eledlors. 

IViltiamfon,  a  county  of  Mero  diftridl, 
TenneiTcc,  containing  2,863  inhabitants, 
of  whom  693  are  flavcs. 

Williamjioivn,  a  poft  town  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  on  the  height  of  land  between 
Conne<5ticut  River  and  Lake  Champiain, 
about  45  miles  fro:  the  former,  and  50 
from  the  latter.  It  is  bounded  £  by 
Wafliington,  and  W  by  Northlield,  and 
contains  839  inhabitants.  Stephen's 
Branch,  a  llream  which  runs  N  to  On- 
ion River,  rifes  in  this  townihip. 

IVilliam/loivn,  a  mountainous  poft  town 
of  Maffachufetts,  in  the  N  W  corner  of 
the  State,  and  in  Berkfliire  co.  contain- 
ing 2,o86  inhat)itants.  It  is  well  water- 
ed by  Hnofack  and  Green  Rivers,  the 
former  of  which  is  here  8  rods  wide. 
On  thefeftreams  are  4  grift-mills,  3  faw- 
mills,  and  a  fulling-mill.  The  main  coun- 
ty road  pafTes  through  it.  Col.  £phraini 
Williams  laid  the  foundation  of  an  acad- 
emy fevcral  years  fincc,  and  endowed  it 
by  a  handfoine  donation  of  lands.  In 
1790,  partly  by  lottery,  and  partly  by 
the  libetal  donation  of  gentlemen  in  the 
town,  a  brick  tdificc  was  crc<fteil  82  ftet 
by  42,  and  four  ftorics  high,  containing 
44  rooms  for  ftudents,  a  large  fchool- 
rocm,  a  dining-hall,  and  a  room  for  pub»' 
lie  fpeaking.  Another  handfome  brick 
building  has  fince  been  huilt.  In  1793, 
this  academy  was  ercdted  into  a  college, 
by  an  xlX  <it  the  IcgKlatiire,  by  the  name 
CiilVilliams'  Cofli-ge, in  honour  to  its  tihtr 
al  founder.  The  languages  and  I'eicnccs 
wfualiy  taught  iu  the  American  colitgcs 


are  taught  here.  Board,  tuition  and  oth«^ 
er  expenfes  of  education  are  very  low  j 
and  from  its  dtuation  and  other  circum- 
ftances,  it  is  likely  to  become  an  inftitu* 
tion  of  great  utility  and  importance.  The 
lirft  public  commencement  was  held  at 
this  college  in  September,  1795.  In  1796, 
the  Icgillaturc  granted  two  townfliips  of 
land  to  Williams'  College.  There  were, 
in  1796,  roi  Jtludents  in  the  four  clafTes, 
bcddes  30  pupils  in  the  academy  con- 
ntfSted  with  the  college.  A  company  wag 
incorporated  the  year  abovementioned, 
to  bring  water  in  pipes  into  the  town 
ftrect.  It  is  28  miles  N  of  Lenox,  and 
132  N  W  of  Bofton. 

H^illiamJIeiv/i,  a  poft  toWn  and  the  cap- 
ital  of  Martin  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  fituated 
on  Roanoke  River,  and  contains  a  court 
houfe,  a  gaol,  and  248  inhabitants.  It  is 
2j  miles  from  Blountfville,  24  from  Plym- 
outh, ss  from  Halifax,  444  from  Phila- 
delphia, and  292  from  Wafliington. 

fViilie/iurg,  a  poft  town  in  Charlotte  co. 
Virginia,  243  miles  from  Wafliington. 

IVittimautie,  a  fmall  river  of  Connedli- 
cut,  which  runs  a  S  £  courfe,  and  uniting 
with  Natchaug  River,  forms  the  Shetuck- 
et  at  Windham. 

IVUliniorougb,  a  townfliip  of  N-  Jerfey» 
in  Burlington  co.  on  Delaware  River, 
about  14  miles  from  Philadelphia.  It 
has  generally  a  thin  foil,  but  confiderable 
quantities  of  fruits  and  vegetables  are 
raifed  here  for  the  Philadelphia  market. 

fVillington,  a  townfliip  of  Counedlicut, 
in  Tolland  co.  6  miles  £  of  Tolland,  and 
35  N  £  of  Hartford,  and  was'  fettled  in 
1719,  having  1,278  inhabitants.  The 
lands  ate  rough  and  hilly.  The  earth- 
quake on  Sabbath  evening,  QcTt.  29, 1727, 
was  fcverely  felt  in  this  town. 

JVillifi<ya;n,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  ca 
Pcnnfylvania,  having  869  inhabitants. 

Willis  Creei,  in  Maryland,  falls  into  the 
Patowmack  from  the  N  at  Fort  Cumber- 
land. 

IVillis  TJland,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  near  the  N  W  end  of  South  Georgia, 
and  has  Bird  Ifland  to  the  N  of  it.  S  lat. 
54,  W  long.  38  30. 

Willijloii,  a  poft  town  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden CO.  joins  Burlington  on  the  N  W. 
It  contains  836  inhabitants. 

Willoughiy  Bay,  near  the  S  E  part  of  the 
iriand  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Willoiighby  Lake,  in  Vermont,  in  the 
townfliip  of  Weftmore.  It  is  about  fix 
miles  long  and  one  broad,  and  lends  a 
ftrcani  whictyruiis  nortiiw4td  and  cmp- 


W  I  L 

ties  into  Lake  Mempltremagog,  in  the 
townfliip  of  Salem.  Tiiis  lake  furniihcs 
fifli  tefcinbling  baft,  of  an  excellent  fla- 
vour, vrtijjhing  from  lo  to  30  pounds. 
People  travel  20  miles  to  this  lake  to 
procure  a  winter's  (lock  of  this  fiHi. 

IVillJbotougb,  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  N. 
York ;  bounded  on  the  S  by  the  town  of 
Crown-Point,  on  the  N  by  theS  line  of  a 
patent,  which  includes  the  river  An  Sahk 
at  its  mouth,  continuing  vvcftward  to  thiit 
part  of  the  county  of  Mcnitjomery,  now 
called  Herkemer  county.  It  coutaintd 
375  inhabitants  in  1790;  and  in  x'Joo 
1,717.  It  is  a  fine  Lhampaign,  fertile 
country,  inhabited  by  a  number  of  in- 
duftrious,  thriving  farmers.  Its  cultiva- 
tion has  been  rapidly  advancing.  In  this 
town  is  the  remarkable  Split  Rock,  which 
is  a  fniall  point  of  a  mountain  projedling 
about  50  yards  into  the  neighbouring 
lake.  This  disjoined  point  has,  from  the 
appearance  of  the  oppofite  fides,  and 
their  exadl  fituefs  for  each  other,  doubt- 
lefs  been  rent  from  the  main  rock,  by 
fome  violent  fhock  of  nature.  It  is  re- 
moved about  20  feet,  and  has  on  its  point, 
a  furface  of  nearly  half  an  acre,  which 
has  fufficiency  of  foil,  and  is  covered 
with  wood.  The  height  of  the  rock  on 
each  fide  of  the  fillure  is  about  1%  feet, 
The  river  Bnquet  runs  through  this  town 
9  conflderable  didance,  and  is  navigable 
for  boats  2  miles,  where  there  are  falls 
and  mills.  This  town  was  partly  fettled 
before  the  year  1775.  It  commands  a 
beautiful  view  of  the  lake,  and  lies  214 
miles  N  of  N.  York  city. 

WllU  Ctve,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  the  ifth- 
mus  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Kitts,  in  the  W. 
Indies. 

Wiih  Creek,  or  CaUufiuet,  a  branch  of 
Patowmack  River,  is  30  or  40  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth,  where  Fort  Cumberland 
flood.  It  affords  no  n&vigation  as  yet, 
and  runs  a  (hort  courfe  foutherly. 

ffillfTown,  an  Indian  village  on  the  N 
E  bank  of  Mufkingum  River,  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  117  fouth  weflcrly 
from  Pittfburg. 

Willioivn,  a  port  town  in  Georgetown 
CO.  S.  Carolina,  455  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

WilmaHton,  in  N.  York,  on  Wallkill,  be- 
tween Ncwburgand  Ncw-Brunfwick. 

Wilmington,  one  of  the  eaflern  maritime 
diftri<5ts  of  N.Carolina;  bounded  NE  by 
Newbern  diftriiSl,  S  E  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  S  W  by  S.  Carolina,  and  N  W  by 
Fayette.    It  comprehends  the  counties  of 


W  I  L 

Brunfwick,  New-Hanover,  Onflow,  Dup- ' 
lin,  and  Bladen.  It  contains  30,617  iu< 
habitants,  of  whom  11,649  are  Haves. 

WUmi/igtan,  a  port  of  entry  and  poll 
town  of  N.  Carolina,  capital  of  the  above 
diflridt,  is  fituafed  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
eadcrn  branch  of  Cape  Fear  or  Claren* 
don  River  ;  34  miles  from  the  fea,  and 
100  foutluvard  ol  Newbern.  The  courfe 
of  the  river,  as  it  palTcs  by  the  town,  is 
neaHy  from  N  to  S,  and  the  breadth  r jo 
yards.  Oppofite  the  town  are  two  inl- 
ands extending  with  the  courfe  of  .the 
liver,  and  dividing  it  into  three  chan< 
nels :  they  aiToi  d  the  fined  rice  fields  in 
N.  Carolina.  Tlr,-  town  is  regularly  built, 
and  contains  about  250  houfes,  and  r,68(^ 
inhabitants,  of  whom  1,126  are  in  Have- 
ry,  a  handfome  Epifcopal  church,  a  court 
houfe,  and  gaol.  Having  fulTcrcd  much 
by  two  fires,  one-fourth  of  the  town, 
which  has  been  rebuilt,  is  of  brick.  Its 
markets  are  well  fupplicd  with  fifli,  and 
all  manner  of  proviQous.  A  confldera- 
ble trade  is  carried  on  to  the  W.  Indie* 
and  the  adjacent  States.  'I'iie  exports  for 
one  year,  ending  the  30tli  of  Sept.  1794, 
amounted  to  133^534  dollars.  Thofe  v( 
all  the  other  ports  of  the  State,  amount* 
ed  only  to  177,598  dollars.  It  is  90  miles 
S  E  of  Fayctteville,  19288  W  of  EJcn- 
ton,  198  N  E  of  Charleflon,  S.  Carolina, 
and  600  from  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  34  i  t, 
W  long.  78  15. 

JVilmngtan,  a  town  of  New- Hanover  co. 
N.  Carolina,  containing  1,698  inhabitants. 

Wilmington,  a  port  town  of  Vermont,  iu 
Windham  co.  containing  1,011  inhabit- 
ants, who  are  chiefly  wealthy  farmers. 
It  lies  on  Dtcrfield  River,  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  Green  Mountain,  on  the  higli  road 
from  Bennington  to Brattlcborough, about 
20  miles  from  each.  Confidcrable  quan- 
tities of  maple  fugar  are  made  in  it ;  fonie 
farmers  make  1,000  or  1400  pounds  in  a 
feafon.  The  Huy-fiaek,  in  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  this  townfliip,  is  among  the  bigheft 
of  the  range  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It 
has  a  pond  n^ar  the  to}!  ot  it,  dbout  half 
a  mile  in  length,  round  which  deer  and 
moofe  are  fouud.  It  is  441  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Wilmington,  a  townfliip  of  Maflacbu- 
fctts,  in  Middleftx  co.  1 6  miles  N  from 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1730, 
and  contains  797  inhalntams.  Hops,  in 
great  quantities,  are  raifed  in  this  town. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry  and  ptifc 
town  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  and  tlit? 
mofl  couiJdcrable  town  in  the  State.     It 

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W  I  L 


W  I  N 


ABndt  in  Newcadlr  co.  on  the  N  fide  of 
CIiriAiana  Creek,  bctwcen'Chriftiana  and 
Brandywine  Creeks,  which  at  this  place 
are  about  a  mile  didant  from  each  other, 
hut  uniting  below  the  town,  they  join  the 
Pdawarc  in  one  Aream,  400  yards  wide 
at  the  mouth.     The  fcite  of  the  principal 
,>put  of  the  town  is  on  the  S  W  fide  of  a 
jiill,  which  rifes  109  feet  above  the  tide, 
9  miles  from  Delaware  River,  38  S  W 
from  Philadelphia,  And  117  from  Wafli- 
tngtOH.    On  the  N  E  fide  of  the  fame 
MUtOnthe  Brandywine,  there  are  ijmilli 
fur  grain,  and  about  40  neat  dweliing- 
^ules,  which  for;n  a  beautiful  appen- 
„d»ge  to  the  town.    The  mills  are  pruba- 
I>Iy  as  valuable  9s  any  jn  the  world :  it  is 
faid  that  300,000  bufliels  of  wheat  aad 
corn  are  ground  here  in  a  year.    A  large 
.manufadtory  for  gun-powder  is  erected 
here.    The  Chriftiana  admits  veflels  of 
94  feet  draught  of  water  to  the  town  ; 
and  thofc  ol  6  feet  draught,  8  miles  fur- 
ther,  where  the  navigation  ends ;   and 
the  Brandywine  admits  thofe  of  7  feet 
draught  to  the  mills.    The  town  is  regu- 
larly laid  out  in  fquares  fimilar  to  Phila« 
dclphia,  and  contained,  in  1796, upwards 
of  600  houfes,  modly  of  brick,  apd  3,000 
inhabitants.     It  has  6  places  of  public 
worfliip,  viz.  %  for  Pieibyterians,  1  for 
Swcdifh  £pifcppalian;,  i  for  Friends,  i 
for  Baptifte,  arid  i  for  Methodifts.    Here 
arc   two  markct-houfcs,    a  poor-houie, 
which  Rands  on  the  W  fide  of  the  town, 
and  is  120  feet  by  40,  built  of  ftone,  and 
3  Aories  high,  for  the  reception  of  the 
paupers  of  NewcaAle  co.    There  is  anoth- 
er ftone  building  which  was  ufed  as  an 
academy,  nnd  was  fupported  for  f<>nie 
f:ime  with   confiderable  reputation,  tnit 
by  a  dct'eiSl  in  the  conftitution  of  the  fcm- 
iuary,  or  fume  otlier  caufe,  it  has,  of  late, 
been  entirely  negle<5led  as  a  place  of  tui- 
tion.   There,  arc,  however,  nearly  300 
children  in  the  dilfcrent  fchools  in  town, 
^bout  the  year  1736,  the  firft  houfes  were 
built  at  this  place  ;  and  the  towp  was  in- 
corporated a  few  years  afterwards.     It; 
officers  are  two  burgefTcs,  6  aniAants,and 
^wo  conflahles,  ail  of  whom  arc  annually 
chofen.     For  other  particulars,  fee  Beta- 
ware,     N  lat.   3V  4 J    18,  W  long.  75  3*- 

tVilmot,  a  townlliip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Annapolis  ^o.  fettled  from  Ireland  and 
Kew  England. 

Wiif.Hy  a  county  of  Mero  diflriift,  Ten- 
neflee,  containing  3,i6t  inhabitants,  of 
fvhom  729  ite  llaves. 

flTilJonvUtc,  a  town  of  Pennfjlvania,  i 


littiated  on  the  Walenpapeck,  at  I'tc 
juntSViiin  with  the  Lesawacfcin,  110 
miles  N  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are  al- 
ready eredted  14  houfes,  a  faw  and  grif> 
mill,  and  a  large  building  for  manufac^tur- 
ing  fail  cloth.  The  creek  here  falls  up- 
wards of  300  feet,  fome  fav  500,  in  the 
fpace  of  a  mile ;  for  17  miles  above  the 
fails  the  creek  has  a  gentle  current 

H^ilton,  a  village  of  Charlefton  diftti<ft, 
S.  Carolina,  on  the  £  fide  cf  Bdiflo  River, 
37  miles  S  W  of  Charlefton. 

IfilioH,  a  town  in  Kenncbeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  June,  1803. 

JVilUitt  a  towndiip  of  New  Hamplhire, 
Hillflrarough  co.  S  W  of  Amherft,  adjoin- 
ing, about  70  miles  weftcrly  of  Portfmouth, 
and  5,6  N  W  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1763,  and  contains  1,010  inhabit- 
ants. 

IVimaeemJit,  a  village  of  New  York,  in 
Suffolk  CO.  Long  liland,  6  miles  W  by  S 
of  Smithtown,  and  N  £  of  Huntingdon, 
and  44  E  by  N  of  N.  York  city. 

Winebflfeit,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacifie 
Ocean,  which  appears  like  three  idands. 
It  is  about  30  miles  $  by  £  of  Sir  Charle« 
Hardy's  Ifland. 

JVincbendon,  a  poft  town  of  Maftacliu- 
fetts,  in  Worccfter  co.  7  miles  N  of  Card- 
ner,  35  N  W  of  Worccfter,  60  N  W  by  W 
of  Bofton.  This  townfliip  was  formerly 
called  Ifftoicb  Canada,  until  it  was  incor> 
porated  in  1764.  It  is  on  Miller's  River, 
and  contains  1,092  inhabitants.  This 
place  was  vifited  by  a  dt^cadiul  tornado, 
on  the  31  ft  of  Ot'Vober,  1795,  which  did 
confiderable  damage. 

Windefier,  a  poft  town  of  Cotine<£ticut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  about  x  3  or  15  miles  N 
of  Litchfield.    It  has  1,368  inhabitants. 

^iW7j/7«r,  a  townlhip  of  N.  Hanipfhire, 
in  Chefliirc  co,  E  of  Hinfdale  and  Fort 
Dummer,  adjoining.  It  is  110  miles  from 
Portfmouth,  and  contains  i,4r3  inhabit- 
ants. 

Wincbtfier^  a  poft  town,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Clarke  co.  Kentucky,  546  miles 
from  Wafliington.    It  has  130  inhabitants. 

Wincbefler,  or  FredericLtown,  a  poft  town 
of  Virginia,  and  the  capital  of  Frederick 
ca  It  is  near  the  head  of  Opeckon  Creek, 
which  empties  into  Patowmack  River ; 
about  36  miles  from  the  celebrated  paf- 
f^gc  of  the  Patowmack  through  the  Blup 
Ridge,  aud  83  miles  from  V^afliington. 
It  is  a  handfome  and  flourifliing  town, 
ftanding  upon  low  and  broken  ground, 
and  has  anumbei  of  refpedtable  buildings, 
among  which  are  a  c^urt-houfe,  gaol, » 

Preft>^teriaH, 


'»rsppr~v:ar" 


!ck,  at  lu 
cfein,  1 20 
[ere  are  al- 
vr  and  grift 
unufa<rtur- 
:re  fall*  up^ 
500,  in  the 
above  the 
rrent. 

Ion  cli(lri6t, 
diflo  River, 

ncbeck    co. 

03- 

HampHiire, 
erft,  adjoin- 
*ortfmouth, 
as  incorpo- 
uoinhabit- 

:w  York,  in 
lies  W  by  S 
luntingdon, 

V. 

!  S,  Pacific 
iree  idandi. 
SirCharIc« 

'  Maflachu- 
iNof  Card- 
)NWbyW 
as  formerly 
t  was  incor- 
iller's  River, 
tants.  This 
ful  tornado, 
;,  which  did 

[JonneAictif, 
:  15  miles  N 
habitants. 
Hampfhire, 
lie  and  Fort 

0  miles  from 
413  iahabit- 

nd  the  chief 
r,  546  miles 

1  inhabitants. 
,  a  pod  town 
of  Frederick 
:f  Icon  Creek, 
Tiack  River ; 
ehrated  paf- 
ugh  the  Blue 
M'afhington. 
idling  town, 
}ken  ground, 
bic  buildings, 
loufe,  gaol,  A 
Prcfb^teriai^, 


W  I  N 

l*reftyterian,  an  Epifeopalian,  a  Metho- 
di(t,  and  a  new  Roman  Catholic  church. 
The  dwelling  houfcs  are  about  350  in 
number,  fcvcral  of  which  are  built  of 
(lone.  It  is  a  corporation,  and  contains 
1,780  free  inhabitants,  and  348  (laves.  It 
was  formerly  fortifiud,  but  the  works  are 
now  in  ruins.  It  is  50  miles  E  by  S  of 
Romney,  lOO  N  E  by  N  of  Staunton,  i  ro 
W  N  W  of  Alexandria,  x  80  N  W  of  Rich- 
mond.    N  lat.  39  17  30,  W  long.  78  .19. 

IVind  Ga/),  a  pafsin  the  Blue  Mountains 
in  Pennl'yivania  ;  about  9  miles  S  W  of 
Penn's  Fort.  Although  roo  feet  higher 
than  the  prcfcnt  bed  of  the  Delaware,  it 
ts  thought  to  have  been  formerly  part  of 
the  bed  of  that  river.  The  Wind  Gap  is 
a  mile  broad,  and  the  (loues  on  it  I'uch  as 
feem  to  have  been  waflicd  for  ages  by 
water  running  over  thrm. 

K^indiam,  a  county  in  the  S  £  corner 
jof  Vermont ;  having  Maflachufetts  S,  and 
Connedlicut  River  E.  It  contains  32 
townfliips,  and  33,531  inhabitants.  Chief 
towns,  Newfane  and  Putney. 

tVindliam,  a  county  in  the  N  E  corner 
of  Connedlicut,  having  the  State  of  Mal- 
fachurclts  N,  and  the  State  of  Rhode  Ifland 
£.  It  contains  ij  townfliips,  and  28,322 
inhabitants,  including  35  flavev.  Chief 
town,  Windham.  This  i.t  a  fertile  and  well 
cultivated  county.  I'he  land  in  general 
is  ftony,  confliantly  varied  with  hills  and 
vales,  and  well  watered  by  the  Quinna- 
bog,  Shetucket,  and  numerous  other 
branches  of  the  Thames.  The  hills  lie 
in  ridges  N  and  S,  generally  from  3  to  4 
miles  apart.  The  timber  mofl  common 
!s  various  fpecies  of  oak,  walnut,  and 
chefnut. 

IVindbam,  tlie  capital  of  the  above  co. 
and  a  pod  town,  is  on  Shetucket  River,  13 
miles  N  by  W  of  Norwich,  31  E  of  Hart- 
lord,  and  402  from  Wafliington.  It  con- 
tains between  60  and  7&compadl  houfcs, 
a  court  houfe,  gaol,  an  academy,  and  a 
Congregational  church.  The  river  Wil- 
liman'tick  from  the  N  W,  and  Natchaug 
from  tiie  N,  meet  in  the  N  W  part  of  the 
tMvnfliip,  and  form  the  Shetucket,  a 
pleafant  river,  afibrding  plenty  of  fifli, 
particularly  falmon,  at  fome  ie^fons  of 
the  year.  The  townfhip  was  fettled  from 
Norwich,  in  1686,  was  incorporated  in 
1703,  and  contains  2,864  inhabitants. 

WinJbam,  a  pod  town  of  N,  Hamp- 
fhire, Rockingham  Co.  is  about  25  miles 
S  W  of  Exeter,  and  40  from  Portfmouth. 
It  contains  663  inhabitants. 

Wittdbatn^  a  pud  t«wu  uf  Maiae,  Cum- 


berland  CO.  134  rtiiles  N  of  Bofton.  it 
was  incorporated  in  1762,  and  contain* 
751  inhabitants. 

H^kdbam,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  made  in  1795,  of  the  E  half  uf 
Londonderry. 

ff^inMam,  a  pod  town  in  Grecrt  co.  N. 
York, 404  miles  from  Wantington. 

H^indfar,  a  townfliip  of  Nova-Scotia,  ia 
Hants  CO.  near  the  river  St.  Croix,  which 
empties  into  the  Avon.  The  rivers 
Kenetcoot  and  Cocmiguen  (fo  called  b/ 
the  Indians)  run  through  this  townfliip 
and  empty  into  the  Avon.  On  thcfe  riv- 
ers are  flourifliing  fettlements  and  fertile 
land.  Lime-done^  and  plader  of  Paris 
are  found  here.  The  lake  Potawpck  (fo 
called  by  the  Indians)  lies  between  the 
head  of  St.  Margaret's  Bay  and  the  main 
road  from  Halifax  to  Windfor ;  the  great 
lake  of  Shubeiiaccadie  lies  on  the  £  fide 
of  this  road,  about  7  miles  from  it,  and' 
21  from  Halifax. 

fVindfor,  a  county  of  Vermont,  bound- 
ed N  by  Orange,'  S  by  Windham,  E  by 
Connedlicut  River,  and  W  by  Rutland 
and  part  of  Addifon  co.  It  contains  %% 
townfliips,  arid  36,944  inhabitants. 

ffind/or,  a  pod  town  of  Vermont,  and" 
capital  of  the  above  co.  is  on  the  W 
bank  of  Connecticut  River,  18  miles  N 
by  W  of  Charledown,  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
45  E  by  S  of  Rutland,  80  miles  N  E  of 
Bennington,  and  355  from  Philadelpliia. 
The  townfliip  contains  2,211  inhabitants. 
This  with  Rutland,  is  alternately  the  feat 
of  the  State  legiflature. 

tVindfor,  a  hilly  townfliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Bcrkfliire  co.  20  miles  N  N  W  of 
Lenox,  and  1 3  6  W  of  Bodon.  The  coun- 
ty  road  to  Northampton  padcs  through  it, 
alfo  the  road  from  Pittsficid  to  Deerfield. 
It  gives  rife  to  Houfatnnick  and  Wedfield 
rivers,  on  which  ar^  4  faw  mills,  and  % 
corn  mills.  It  was  incorporated  in  17  71,' 
and  contains  961  inhabitants. 

tVindfor,  a  confiderablc  and  very  pleaf- 
ant pcd  town  of  Hartford  co.  Connedlicut, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Connedlicut  River,  about 
7  miles  N  of  Hartford.  Here  Windfor 
Ferry  River,  formed  by  the  jundlion  of 
Farmington  and  Poqunhock  Rivers,  empi 
tics  into  the  Connedlicut  from  the  weft. 
Windfor  Ferry  River  divides  the  town- 
fliip into  the  upper  and  lower  pariflies. 
It  has  2,773  inhabitants. 

Windfor,  Eafi.     See  Eajl  Windfor. 

Windfir  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey,  Mid- 
dlefex  CO.  containing,  in  1790,  2,838  in- 
habitants, including  190  Haves. 

W'mdfw, 


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'41 


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f 


if 


m 


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It 


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If  ll',  i 

'iji. 

41 

W  I  N 


W  I  N 


K'lnJfur,  a  townfliip  of  Pcnnfytvanta, 
in  Yurk  cu.  Ii.ivin{>  1,495  inhaUitauti. 

tVihHl(ji\  a  port  town  and  the  capital  of 
Bertie  co.  N.  Carolina  ;  on  Cufliai  Kivcr, 
and  rontaiiiH  137  inlial>itants,  a  court- 
houfc  and  jraoL  It  is  %z  mile*  W  by  S  of 
Edenton,  iS  from  Plymouth,  97  from 
Halifax,  and  481  from  Philadelphia. 

Wir.dj'.r,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  on 
the  N  £  liank  of  St.  f rancis  River,  S  £  of 
Shipton  adjoining.  It  has  but  about  3 
or  4  families. 

IVinduard  Pafuge,  a  name  given  to  a 
courfe  froir  the  S  E  part  of  the  ifland  ol 
Jamaica,  '  1  t.  n  W.  Indie*,  and  extending 
for  160  ijHgiiCA  to  the  N  fide  of  Crooked 
Idandin  the  Bahamas.  iShipj*  have  often 
failed  tiuoueh  this  channel  from  the  N 
part  of  it  to  tlie  itland  of  Culia,  or  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  nctwithftanding  the  com- 
mon opinion,  on  account  of  the  current, 
which  is  n^ainll  it ;  that  they  keep  the 
Bahama  (hore  on  board,  and  that  they 
meet  the  wind  in  fummer  for  the  mod 
part  of  the  channel  caftetly,  v.  hich  with 
a  counter  current  on  fliore  puihes  them 
eafily  through  it. 

Windward  Fu'wf,  near  the  eaftern  ex- 
tremity of  the  ill.ind  of  St.  Chriflophcr's, 
is  the  £  point  of  Sandy  Hill  Bay  ;  %  miles 
W  N  W  of  St.  Anthony's  Hill  Point. 

fVinee,  or  BtacL  /iiver,  in  S.  Carolina, 
rifes  in  Camden  diilricl,  and  runnings  E 
through  Chcraws  into  vjeorgctown  dif- 
tridt,  unites  with  Pedce  River,  about  3 
miles  ab(/ve  Georoctown. 

Winball,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Ben- 
nington CO.  30  miles  N  £  of  Bennington, 
having  38a  inhabitants. 

PFinnipifcn^ety  a  lake  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  the  largeft  collection  of  water  in  the 
State.  It  is  2»  milts  in  length  from  S  E 
to  N  W.  and  of  very  unequal  breadth, 
but  no  where  more  than  8  miles.  Some 
Very  long  necks  of  land  project  into  it ; 
and  it  contains  feveral  iflands,  large  and 
fmall,  and  on  which  rattlc-lnakes  arc 
common.  It  ahouuds  with  fifli  from  6  to 
20 pounds  wtiijiit.  The  mountains  which 
furround  it  give  rif..-  t-»  many  ftrcams 
which  fli-w  into  it ;  and  Iietwecn  it  and  the 
mountaiiH,nrc  fevtral  Iclfcr  punds,  vvhich 
communitatv"  with  if.  Contiguous  to  this 
lake  are  the  tuwniliips  of  Mouitonbor- 
ough  on  tlir  N  \V,  I'uitonhoro'.if^h  and 
Wolfboroii-h  on  the  N  E,  Meredith  and 
Gilmaniown  (;n  t!:c  .S  W.  From  the  S  E 
extremity  of  iljis  lalci-,  called  Merry 
Meeting  Bay,  to  the  N  W  part  called 
Scater  liar  hour,  there  i?  ;i->od  navigation  1, 


in  the  rummer,  and  generally  a  good  road 
in  c  winter ;  the  lake  is  frozen  about  3 
months  in  the  year,  and  many  fleighs  and 
teams,  from  the  circumjacent  towns,  rrofs 
it  on  the  ice.  See  Ajuedtcbton,  Winni> 
pifcocee  River  conveys  the  waters  of  the 
Ir.kc  mto  Pemigcwaflct  River,  through  its 
eaflerii  bank  at  New  Chefler.  The  uni< 
ted  dreams  there  take  the  name  of  Mer« 
rimack  River. 

IVinlaHd,  a  country  accidentally  dif- 
covered  by  Biron  or  Bioru,  a  Norman, 
in  1 001 ;  fuppofed  to  be  a  part  of  the 
idand  of  Newfoundland.  It  was  agaiit 
vifitcd,  and  an  intercourfe  opened  be< 
twecn  it  and  Greenland.  In  iiai,  Eric, 
biflu)p  of  Greenland,  went  to  Winland 
to  recover  and  convert  his  countrymen, 
who  had  degenerated  into  fava;5C3.  Thia 
prelate  never  returned  to  Greenland ;  nor 
was  any  thing  more  heard  of  VS  inland 
for  feveral  centuries. 

JVinkcly  or  IVenlotit  ^  townfliip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  EfTcx  CO.  W  of  Minehead. 

JVinitebagOt  a  lake  of  the  N  W  Territory, 
W  of  Michigan  Lake,  and  S  W  of  Bay 
Puan,  into  which  it  fends  its  tvaters.  It 
is  about  15  miles  long  from  £  to  W,  and 
6  wide,  ii  receives  a  large  dream  from 
the  S  W,  called  Crocodik  River.  Fox 
River  enters  it  from  the  W,  and  by  it, 
through  Ouifconring  River,  hau  commu- 
nication with  Miflilippi  River,  intehupt- 
cd  by  a  portage  of  only  3  miles.  The 
centre  of  the  lake  lies  in  lat.  aljout  43  30 
N,  and  long  88  10  W.  See  Oui/eonfmg 
and  Fox  Rivirs. 

lVinneLagoei,M\  Indian  nation,  inhabit- 
ing round  the  lake  of  the  fame  name, 
who  can  furnifh  a  or  30O  warriors.  Their 
town  (lands  on  an  ifland  at  the  £  end  of 
the  lake,  of  about  50  acres  extent,  and 
dilVant  from  Bay  Pnan  35  miles,  accord' 
ing  to  the  courfe  of  the  river.  The  town 
contains  about  50  honfes,  which  are 
(Irongly  built  with  pallil'adcs.  The  land 
adjacent  to  the  lake  is  very  fertile,abouud* 
ing  fpontaneoufly  with  grapes,  plnnis, 
and  other  fruit.  The  people  raife  a  great 
quantity  of  Indian  corn,  beans,  pumpkins, 
fquafhes,  melons,  and  tobacco.  The  lake 
abounds  with  fifh,  and  in  the  autumn  or 
fall,  with  gccfc,  ducks,  and  teal,  that  are 
very  fat  and  well  flavoured  by  feeding 
on  wild  rice,  which  grows  plentifully 
in  thcfe  parts.  Mr.  Carver  thinks  from 
the  relult  of  his  inquiries  of  the  origin, 
language,  and  cuftoms  of  this  people,  that 
originally  redded  in  forae  of  the  prov- 
'nc<;f  of  Mexico,  aud.  migrated  to  thit 


countrf 


WIN 


Wit 


a  good  roid 
zcn  about  3 
'  flcighs  and 
towns,  rrofs 
)ff.  Winiii- 
atcrituf  the 
through  its 
The  uni» 
me  ot  Mer- 

eutally  dif- 
a  Normani 
>art  of  the 
was  again 
opened  be* 
iiai.Eric, 
:o  Winland 
ountrymen, 
a'?c9.  This 
iiilHiid ;  nor 
tf  Winland 

[liipof  Vcr- 
head. 

J  Territory, 
i  W  of  Bay 
waters.  It 
I  to  W,  and 
Iream  from 
liver.  Fox 
and  by  it, 
au  conimu- 

intenupt* 
niics.  The 
.Ijout  43  ;?o 

OnifconftHg 

oninhabit- 
r»nie  name, 
iors.  Their 
le  E  end  of 
extent,  and 
Ics,  accord' 

The  town 
which  are 
The  land 
ile,abound- 
pcs,  plums, 
raifc  a  great 
,  pumpkins, 
.    The  lake 

autumn  or 
al,  that  are 
by  feeding 

plentifully 
hinks  from 
the  origin, 
people,  that 

the  prov- 
ted  to  thi> 
country 


toontry  about  the  year  1670.  Their 
language  it  diiTerent  fiom  any  other  yet 
difcovcred  ;  and  they  converl'c  with  oth- 
er  nations  in  the  Chippcway  tongue. 

H'innifeg,  or  IVmntfeck,  a  lake  in  U. 
Canida,  N  W  of  Lake  Superior.  It  lies 
between  lar.  51  and  54  N,  and  Ion.  95  30 
and  99  W.  It  is  ai  7  miles  long,  including 
Baikefcoggan  or  Flay  Green  Lake,  its 
northern  arm  ;  and  is  100  miles  broad 
from  the  Canadian  Houfe  on  the  E  fide, 
to  Sable  river  on  the  W  fide.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  a  number  of  fmall  lake«  m 
every  dire(Aion,and  exhibits  a  number  of 
fmall  ifles.  I'be  lands  on  its  bank?  are 
laid,  by  Carver  and  other  travellers,  to  be 
very  fertile,  producing  vad  quantities  of 
xvild  rice,  and  the  fugar  tree  in  great 
plenty.  The  climate  is  confiderably 
more  temperate  here  than  it  is  upon  the 
Atlantic  coad,  10''  farther  fuuchward. 
It  is  the  rcfervoir  of  feveral  great  rivers. 
Nelfon  River  condutSls  its  waters  into 
HudTon  Day.  In  lat.  $1  4J  it  contra<51s 
icfelf  and  is  but  two  miles  wide.  This 
lake  and  others  in  this  quarCer,havetheir 
banks  on  the  N  formed  of  black  and  grey 
rock,  on  the  S  by  a  low,  level  country, 
nvith  ridges  of  limedone  zo,  30,  or  40 
feet  high.  The  inhabitants  round  this 
lake  are  a  few  Knifteneaux  and  .'Vlgon- 
quia  tribes.  No  maple  trees  arc  found 
W  of  this  lake. 

Winnipeg,  Little,  a  lake  which  lies  W  of 
the  former,  and  has  communication  with 
Lake  Minitoba,  on  the  S,  which  lad  fends 
the  waters  of  both  into  Winnipeg  Lake, 
in  an  E  N  E  courfe.  It  is  80  miles  long 
and  ij  broad.  Fort  Dauphin  is  fcatcd 
on  a  lake  contiguous,  on  the  V,  whofe 
V'aters  empty  into  this  L'.ke.  Dauphin 
Fort  lies  in  lat.  51  46  N,  and  Icn  10054  W. 

Winnipeg  River,  runs  N  W  into  the  lake 
of  its  name.  It  is  the  outlet  of  the  wa- 
ters  of  a  vad  chain  of  lakes ;  the  chief  of 
which  are  La  Pluc  and  I.ake  of  the 
Woods.  The  lat.  of  the  Provificm  St  )re 
at  the  bottom  of  the  river,  is  50  37  N. 

Wintijloyt^b,  a  poft  town,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  FairLcId  co.  S,  Carolina  ;  fituated 
on  a  branch  of  Wateree  Creek,  which 
empties  into  the  river  of  that  name. 
Here  are  about  25  houfes,  a  handfome 
court  houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a  college  called 
Mount  Zion  college,  which  is  fupported 
by  a  refpedldbic  focicty  of  gentlemtu, 
and  has  been  long  incorporated.  It  is  30 
miles  N  N  W  of  Columbia,  130  from 
Charlellon,  708  from  Philadelphia,  and 
541  from  Wafliinjton. 
Vol.  J.  Nnon 


IVinJIav),  a  port  town  of  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  fide  of  Kenneheclc  R.  1 3 
miles  N  of  Augufta.  Fort  Halifax  was 
built  at  this  place  in  1754,  on  the  point 
rl  land  at  the  confluence  of  Scbafticoolc 
and  Kennebeck  rivers.  This  town  u  i'i 
miles  N  by  E  of  Portland,  »ti  from  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 771,  and 
contained  in  i;90,  779  inhabiiauts,  and 
in  1800,  IZ50. 

IViutfri.m,  a  place  in  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
ginia. Bhu:k  lead  is  found  here  ;  but  no 
works  for  its  manufacture  are  cfl»blifl)- 
cd  ;  thofc  who  want  it  go  and  procure  it 
for  themfelve*. 

ii'ittthrop,  a  port  town  in  Kennebeck  en. 
Maine,  between  Androfcocgin  and  Ken- 
nebeck river.i,  about  10  miles  from  each  ; 
5  miles  cafterly  of  Monmouth  ;  10  W  by 
S  of  Hallowell,  57  N  of  Portland.  1  he 
townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1771,  and 
contains  1219  inhabitanta. 

Winthrop'i  Buy,  On  the  N  coafl  of  the 
illand  of  Antigua. 

Wintun,  a  county  of  Orangeburg  diC- 
tritSk,  S.  Carolina. 

IVinton,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Carolinn, 
and  capital  of  Hartford  co.  on  t>  e  S  J 
fide  of  Chowan  river,  a  few  miles  bilow 
the  place  where  Meherrin  and  Netta- 
way  join  their  waters.  It  has  a  court 
houfe  and  gaol,  and  a  few  rompaJt  lioii/e», 
It  is  12  miles  from  Murrrcefl)onnijih,  ^5 
from  the  bridge  on  Bcnnct's  Crce'i,  130 
S  S  E  of  Pcterfburg,  in  Virginia,  aiul  4;,4 
from  Philadelphia. 

IVinyatv  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  C :»ro- 
lina,  communicates  with  the  ocean  i: 
miUs  below  Georgetown.  Sec  Cecrgi- 
town. 

WifcaJJ'et,^  port  of  cntrj'and  pofl  town 
of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  on  the  W  fiJc  of 
Shecpfcut  river,  178  miles  N  E  by  N  of 
Borton,  and  6.59  from  Wafliington.'  It  was 
lurmcrly  Pownalborough.  It  coi;t;'.ius  a 
congregational  church,  and  aI)out  1.50 
houfts.  Its  navigation  is  greater  in  pro- 
portion to  its  fize  and  numiur  of  inhabit- 
ants than  any  part  of  Maflachufetts.  A 
gazette  is  publidied  here,  and  the  coiiniy 
courts  are  held  in  it.  Wifeaflet  Point  is 
3  leagues  from  Crofs  river.  The  exports 
tor  one  year,  ending  the  30th  of  .Septc  m- 
ber  1794.  amounted  to  23,329  cloil.cs. 
A  hank  was  eftahliflied  here  in  i8c2. 

Witcharn  Bay,\%  within  the  great  ound 
in  the  Bermudas  Illan<]s,in  the  W.  Indies; 
fituated  at  the  E  part  of  the  bottom  or  S 
part  of  t!ie  Sound,  having  a  fmall  illands 
at  the  mouth  of  it. 

Woab<t9t 


I  [11 


II  f 


•\i 


•i  :'t ' 


\9^0  0 


\v  o  o 


tfcaiM,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Ifin,  in 
tbe  N.  Paciiic  Ocean,  j  league*  N  W  of 
Morotoi  Ifland.  It  ia  high  land,  and  con- 
tain! 6opoo  inhabitant*  ;  and  ha*  good 
anchoring  ground,  in  lat.  ai  43  N,  and 
Ion.  157  51  W. 

tftafanacbiy,  the  name  of  the  Delaware 
nation,  in  their  language. 

1Voaf»,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Idandt, 
left  in  fize  than  ChriQiana.  The  body 
of  it  lies  in  lat.  9  17  S.  It  bear*  N  W  by 
VT,  about  so  leagues  from  Kcfolution 
Bay.  It  wa*  called  AJami,  by  Capt.  In- 
graham ;  and  a  fmAll  iflnnd  to  the  fouth- 
ward  of  it  he  called  Lmcolit.  Capt,  Rob- 
ert* afterward*  difcovcrcd  them  and 
named  them  from  hit  fliip  and  fchooner  ; 
the  larger  JfJirfeK,  and  thelefler  Refo- 

lutian. 

Ifoiurn,  a  pod  town  of  MafTicKiifctt*, 
Middlefex  co.  10  milej  N  of  Bolton.  It 
vra*  incorporated  in  1643  by  the  name  of 
K^oa6orne,»nd  was  till  then  known  by  the 
name  of  CLarhflonvH  FMtge.  The  weft- 
erly  parifh  wa*  lately  fet  oiT  and  incor- 
porated by  the  name  of  Burlington.  It 
contain*  1128  inhahiidnts. 

IVoUott,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in  Or- 
leans CO.  S  of  Craftlbury,  containing  47 
inhabitants.  I.a  Moille  river,  run*  N 
vreftward  through  it. 

WoUottt  a  town  in  Connedlicut,  N.  Ha- 
ven CO.  near  Fairfield.  Jt  has  948  inhab- 
itants. 

Wo//,  a  fmall  boatabic  river  of  Ten- 
eflce,  which  run*  wcfterly  into  Mifllfippi 
tiver,  about  19  miles  S  of  Hatchy  river, 
and  S5  from  Keelfoot.  It  is  50  yards 
wide  feveral  miles  from  its  mouth,  which 
JK  very  near  the  S  W  corner  of  the  State, 
in  lat.  3/. 

fVol/iorainrl),  a  towufliip  of  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  Strafford  co.  on  the  £  fide  of  Win- 
iiipifiogee  Lake,  and  cont.tins  941  inhab- 
itants. It  has  fome  fine  farms,  and  p:ir- 
ticularly  that  which  formerly  belonged  to 
Gov.  Wentworth. 

Wdves  I/lands,  He  near  Campo  Bello  Id- 
and,  en  the  £  coad  of  Maine.  Between 
thefe  the  foundings  are  from  50  to  iqo 
fathoms.  N  lat.  44  48,  W  Ion.  66  40. 
From  Grand  Manao  (Hand  to  Wolves 
Ifl^nds  the  courfe  is  N  E  by  N  .1  leagues. 

Womeldorf,  a  poft  town  of  Ptnnfylva- 
nia,  in  Berks  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  a  fmall 
llreara  which  fall*  into  Tulpehocken 
Crcrtk.  It  contains  about  40  lioufcs,  and 
a  German  Lutheran  and  Caivinift  church. 
It  is  68  miles  N  Wof  Philadelphia. 

WooJ,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded  N 


by  Harrifua  cc  cont  «ining  1117  inhabit- 
ants- 

WtoJlriJgt,  a  poll  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Middlefcx  co.  on  the  great  road  from  N. 
York  to  Philadelphia,  on  a  dream  which 
falls  into  Arthur  Kull,  aliove  Amboy.  It 
is  about  %  miles  N  by  W  of  Amboy,  10  S 
W  of  Elizabeth  Town,  an<l  70  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  The  townfliip  contained, 
ini790,  J J50  inhabitants. 

H^eodiriJgf,»  lowndiip  of  ConneiStieut, 
N.  Haven  co.  about  7  miles  N  W  of  N. 
Haven  city.     It  has  2198  inhabitants. 

Woidiury,  a  towndiip  of  Vermont,  in 
Caledonia  co.  15  or  ao  mile*  W  N  W  of 
Barnet,  having  23  inhabitant*. 

IVoodhury,  a  pod  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
and  capital  of  Glonceder  co.  fituatcd  near 
a  fmall  dream  which  empties  into  the 
Delaware  Ik  low  Red  Bank.  It  contain* 
about  80  houfcs,  a  handfome  brick  court 
houfe,  a  Quaker  meeting  houfe,  and  an 
academy.  Sever.1l  of  the  houfe*  are  neat 
and  handfome.  It  is  9  miles  S  of  Phila- 
delphia, II  N  E  of  Swedcfliurg,  and  155 
from  Wadiington.  Alio,  the  name  of  a 
townfhip  of  Pennfylvania,  in  Huntingdon 
county. 

IVooJ/fitry,  a  pod  town  of  ConneiSlicut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  S  of  Litchfield. 
It  was  fettled  in  167a,  and  contains  1944 
inhahitants. 

If^ooJ  CrieifZ  fiuggifli  dream  which  rife* 
in  tlic  high  lands,  a  little  £  of  Fort  Fd- 
ward,  on  Hudfon's  river  ;  and  after  run- 
ning 2jr  miles,  falls  into  the  head  of  lake 
Chainplain  at  Skeneflioro.  It  ha*  a  fall 
at  its  mouth,  othcrwife  it  is  navigable 
for  batteaux  for  20  miles  up  to  Fort 
Anne. 

H^ooJ  Creei,  run*  wedward,  and  emp- 
tie*  its  waters  into  Oneida  Lake.  It  is  a 
crooked,  tluggifli  dream,  3  or  4  yard* 
wide.  Thirteen  canals  have  been  cut 
acrofs  fo  many  neck*  of  land  to  render 
it  more  draight.  A  mile  and  a  half  from 
the  lake  it  unites  with  Fifli  Creek,  which 
is  60  yards  wide.  The  Oneida  Indian* 
have  refcrved  half  a  mile  wide  on  each 
fide  of  tliis  Creek,  for  10  mile*  from  its 
mouth,  for  the  purpofe  of  catching  fal- 
mon. 

fVoodford,  a  county  ef  Kentucky,  on 
Ohio  river,  between  Kentucky  and  Lick- 
ing rivers.  It  contains  6452  inhabitants, 
of  whom  2058  are  in  flavery.  Chief  town, 
Verfailles. 

Woodford,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  E  of 
Bennington,  adjoining.  It  contains  138 
inhabitants, 


woo 


WOR 


H^i>»J  JflamK  on  the  lea  road  of  Maine, 
j;  league*  N  V.  of  C'at»-*  I'orpoilc,  and  S 
Why  S  4  league*  nt  Kiclimaii'k  lll^iii). 

}Vo<i<IJitru' ,  a  poft  tuwn  iit  Freilcrick 
CO.  Marylantl)  57  mile*  from  Waniiiigton. 

IVooMtLuiea/  iLi,  the  mod  riortliern  in 
the  United  Ntatei,  ik  fo  called  Irom  the 
largr  qunntitiet  of  wood  j^ruivin^;  on  itit 
bank*  ;  fucli  ai  oak,  pine,  tir,  l°;)i-iicc,  &r. 
This  lake  ii  luppi  fed  to  he  the  fiuircc  01 
cauduiflor  of  one  braiicli  of  Uoiuliun  riv- 
er. lt«  len;{tli  tioni  H  to  VV  i«  laid  to 
he  about  i'cvcnty  miles  ;  and  in  loriic 
placcD  it  is  40  miirs  wide.  In  lac.  4<;  37 
N,  ion.  94^  W,  is  a  portage  30  pai  es  long. 
It  i»  on  an  illanil,  und  called  Pona^'.e  du 
Uat.  The  Killiltinoe  Iixliaii:*  t  lurainp  on 
it»  hordcrs  to  filli  and  hunt.  litis 
lake  is  the  communit  ation  Ix'tuern  the 
lake^  Winnipeg,  Bourbon,  and  Lake  .Su- 
perior. Tht*  lake  it  worihy  of  notice, 
an  by  treaty  a  line  from  ii»  N  VV  point 
due  W  to  the  MiU'ilii^pi,  i»  a  boundary  of 
the  United  .States.  lint  fuch  a  hne  can 
uevcr  exift.  The  N  W  part  of  the  lake  is 
in  Lit.  49  37  N,  and  Ion.  94  31  W.  Tiie 
fource  of  the  mtift  northern  hrai.ch  of 
the  Miflilippi,iiin  lat.  47  38  N,  Ion.  95  6 
W,  as  ai'eertained  by  Mr.  ThompJbn,  Al- 
tronomer  to  the  N.  \V.  Company.  He 
alfo  found  the  northern  bend  of  the  Mil- 
fouri  in  lat.  473*  N,  Ion.  loi  aj  W.  So 
that  a  line  due  W  can  never  ftrike  that 
river.  Mackenzie. 

fVoaJJIoei,  A  pod  town  of  Windfor  co. 
Vermont.  It  has  a  court  houfc  and  about 
50  dwelling  houfes.  It  lies  N  W  of  Wind- 
for, adjoining,  and  contains  313a  inhab- 
itants. Watcrquechie  river  pallcs  through 
the  centre  of  the  town,  on  the  banks  of 
which  (taud  the  meeting  houfe  and  court 
boufe. 

IVauJJlocl,  a  townfhip  of  N.  York,  in 
Ulfterco.  bounded  E  by  Kingflon,  Hur- 
ley and  Marbletown,  and  W  by  Delaware 
river.     It  contains  1144  inhabitants. 

Wuoiljloik,  a  finall  poll  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, on  the  E  fide  of  Pamplico  river.  It 
is  iituated  iu  Hyde  cO:  354  miles  from 
Wafliinjjtoa. 

tVoodfiaik,  a  conlidcrahle  and  plcafant 
townfliip  of  good  land,  in  the  N  K  corner 
of  Connctflicut,  Windhum  co.  divided  in- 
to 3  parifltes.  This  townfliip,  which  is 
7  miles  fquare,  was  granted  by  the  gen- 
eral court  of  Manachufetts,  Nov.  1683, 
and  was  fettled  by  39  families  from  Roi- 
bury  in  1688.  This  town  remained  un- 
der the  jurifdidtion  of  Maflachul'etts  till 
about  the  year  1760,  liucc  which  time  it 


ha*  helonj^ed  to  Conno^flicut.  It  in  66 
miles  S  \V  of  Bofton,  45  N  H  of  H  irtford, 
aa  S  W  of  Worccftcr,  33  N  W  ol  Provi- 
dence, and  about  the  l',ime  diflanee  N  of 
Norwich.     It  ha«  2463  inhabitants. 

IVuiJjlaek,  A  port  town  of  Virginia,  feat 
of  juftice  and  rapital  in  Shenandoah  eo. 
It  containt  about  aoo  houfes,  a  court 
hoiifc  nnd  gaol.  The  inbabitantit  are 
moniy  (Jernians  and  their  defcendantt. 
It  is  I  a  miles  from  Strulburg,  and  ii» 
Irom  Wrtfliinjjttm. 

IVotidJliixun,  a  port  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Salem  eo.  and  contains  about  40  or  jo 
InmieA.  It  is  12  imles  N  by  £  of  Salem, 
31  N  by  W  i.f  Biitlijctown.and  a6  S  S  W 
ol  Pliiladi.iphia. 

IVooi/vi.'/j,  a  piifk  town  in  Culpepper 
CO.  Virjjinia,  94  miLstrom  Walhington. 

H^ooi/y  Point, <jn<:  of  the  limits  of  Hope 
Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  America, 
as  Uieaker's  is  tlic  other.  It  is  in  about 
tat.  so  41  N,  loi.  i;,o  ij  W. 

ffi/ohvicij,  a  townfliip  of  Glouceflcr  co. 
N.  Ji  riey. 

IVotilxviil,  a  townfliip  of  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  lidu  of  Kenncbeck  river, 
S  of.Pownalboiough,  containing  868  iu- 
lubitants. 

IVntnf^kct  Falls,  On  Dlucflionc  river,  in 
Smithiicld,  Rhode  Illand. 

IVorc-fltr,^  large  and  populous  county 
of  Maflachufetts.  It  contains  50  town- 
fli'P'i  53  Congregational  churches,5io,a36 
acres  of  unimproved  land,  and  307,430 
under  cultivation,  and  61,19a  inhabitants. 
It  is  about  50  miles  in  length,  from  N  to 
S,  and  40  in  breadth  ;  bounded  S  almoft 
equally  by  the  States  of  Connedlicut  and 
Rhode'  Ifland,  and  N  by  the  State  of  N. 
Hampfliirc.  On  the  E  it  is  bounded  chief- 
ly by  Middlefex  co.  iind  W  by  Hampfliirc 

CO. 

lVii>\ep^r,  a  port  town  of  Maflachufetts, 
and  rapital  of  the  above  county.  It  is  the 
largefl  iuland  town  of  K.  England,  and  is 
tiluated  about  45  miles  W  of  Uoftcm,  5a 
N  E  of  Springfield,  and  300  N  E  of  Phi- 
1  dclphia.  'i  he  public  buildings  in  this 
town  are  X  Congregational  churches,  a 
handfome  court  houlc,  and  a  ftrong  flone 
gaol.  The  inhabitants  are  a4ii,  whti 
havc>  ^  large  inland  trade,  and  manufac- 
ture put  and  pearl  afli,  cotton  and  linen 
giKids,  belidc  fome  ether  articles.  The 
eompaftpart  of  the  town  contains  about 
ijo  neat  houfes,  Iituated  in  a  healtliy 
vale,  principally  on  cnc  ftrcct.  Printiu" 
in  its  various  biiiuchoR,  is  carried  on  very 
exteuftvcly  in  thi»  town  by  Ifaiah  I'hom'- 

as. 


'I'i 


m 


111 


\: 


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WRI 


WYO 


i 


a*,  £14.  who  in  the  year  179X,  pr!nred  % 
editions  of  the  Bible,  the  one  the  .arge 
royal  quarto,  the  firft  of  that  kind  publish- 
ed in  America,  the  other  a  b:g:  folio, 
with  50  copper  plates,  belide  feveral  oth- 
er books  of  confequence  His  printing 
apparatus  has  been  reckoned  the  l^rgelft 
in  America.  This  townlliip,  pari  of 
what  was  called  Qulnfi^arnond  by  the  In- 
diaris,  was  incorporated  in  1684  ;  but  br- 
ing depopulated  by  Indian  hofUlities,  the 
firlt  town  meeting  was  held  in  1722.  It 
has  been  contemplated  to  open  a  canal 
between  Providence,  in  Rhode  Ifland>and 
this  town.     N  lat.  44  13,  W  Ion.  71  44. 

IVorcfJler,  a  towuHiip  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  Montgomery  co. 

IVorcdjhr,  the  S  eafternmoft  county  of 
Marvl.iiid,  h<»ving  Somcrl'et  co.  and  Chef-  ■ 
apeak  Bay  W,  Sinepuxent  Bay  E,  wliich 
opens  to  the  N.  Atlantic  Ore  in,  and  Ac- 
comac  CO.  in  Virginia  S.  It  is  well  water- 
ed by  Pocomoke,  AlFati^uli,  and  St.  Mar- 
tin's river.  It  contains  16,370  inhabit- 
ants, including  4398  fiaves.  Chief  town,  j 
Snowhill.  j 

tVone/ler,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
tiie  eaftcrnmoft  part   of  Chittenden   co.  ! 
about  25   miles  E  of  Burlington,  having  I 
15  inhabitants. 

JVarmvilk,  a  town  in  the  MilUfippi  Ter-  j 
ritory.  1 

IVorth'wrJon,  a  poft  town  of  Mafiachui-  I 
fetts,  in  Hamplliiie  co.  19  miles  W  by  N 
of  Northampton,  and  408  from  Wafhing- 
ton.    It  was   incorporated  in  1768,  and 
contains  1223  inhabit  nuts. 

IVreiitkin,  the  IVolLm  inuj>f>3uge  of  the 
Ind' ins,  a  port  town  of  Norfolk  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  on  the  port  rcyad  from  Boflon 
to  Providence,  a;  miles  S  S  W  of  Boftou, 
and  18  N  E  of  Providcncei  containing 
ao6i  inh;ibitant;i  ;  formerly  a  pirt  of 
Dcdham,  incorporated  in  i66r.  Tliere 
is  a  curoui  cavern  in  this  to-.vn,  called 
V/avtpjms  Rock,  from  an  Indian  fam  h^  of 
that  name  who  Jived  in  it  for  a  number 
of  yea'F.  It  >8  about  9 feet  fquarc,  and  B 
feet  high,  lalFcning  from  the  center  to 
about  4  feet.  It  is  furrounded  by  broken 
rocks,  and  now  fcrvcs  as  a  Ihelter  for  cat- 
tle and  iliec]),  as  do  fevci'al  others  hcte, 
formerly  inhabited  by  Indians. 

^Vrigltjhorougbr  a  imatl  fettlemcnt  or 
village  on  Little  river,  a  branch  of  the 
•Savannah,  about  30  milts  from  Augiifta. 
It  was  fettled  by  Jofeph  Mattock,  Efq. 
one  of  the  Fricndo,  who  named  it  after 
Sir  James  Wright,  then  governor  of  Geor- 
gia, who  pruniuted  iti  cltabltflvmcaT. 


iVrig/jijIoviit,  in  Buck's  co.  Fennfylvaraa, 
4  milts  N  of  Newtown,  and  4  W  of  Def- 
aware  river. 

fVunalaibtUof,  a  tribe,  the  fecond'  ia 
rank,  of  the  Delaware  nation. 

tVjacBnda,  a.  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
falls  into  the  Miililippi,  34  milcir  below 
Riviere  du  Moins. 

lyyalufing,  a  port  town  of  Pennfylvania', 
Luzerne  county,  317  miles  from  Walh- 
ington. 

IVyiiluxing  Critt  in  Luzerne'  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, falls  into  tlfe  £  Branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah  river,  3  £  of  Ticga  Point. 

IVyutoj  Road,  in  the  N.  Paciitc  Oeean,  a 
place  of  ancltorage  at  Atooi  Ifland,  one  of 
the  Sandwich  Iflands,in  lat.  21  57  N,  and 
Ion.  1S9  47  W.  It  is  at  the  S  W  fide,  and 
about  6  miles  from  the  W  end  of  ihe  irt- 
and.  The  iiland  is  about  10  leagues 
long,  and  aj  leagues  N  W  of  Wonhoo 
Idand. 

WyonJottt,  or  Wiandats,  an  Indian  nation 
refiding  near  Fort  Detroit,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood oi  the  Ottawas  aivd  Putawat- 
times,  whofe  hunting  grounds  are  about 
Lake  Erie.  The  number  of  warriors,  30 
years  ago,  were,  Wyondotts,  250,  Otta- 
was 4C0,  l*utawatimes  150.  Another  tribe 
of  the  Wyondotts  live  near  Sandu/ky,  a- 
mong  the  Mohickons  and  Caghnawagas^ 
who  together  have  300  warriors.  At  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  ih  confequence  of 
lands  ceded  to  the  United  States,  the  lat* 
ter  agreed  to  pay  them  a  fum  in  hand, 
^nd  in  goods  to  the  value  ef  looo  dollars 
a  year  for  ever. 

ff^ynton,  the  chief  tovTn'  of  Hertford  cok 
Edcnton  diIlri(H:,  N.  Carolina. 

V/yoming,  A  general  nam^  formerly  giv- 
en to  a  traifl  of  country  ii,  'ennfylvania, 
on  Sufquehannah  R.  above  Wilkfbarra, 
In  the  year  1778,  the  fetflenrent  which 
was  known  under  this  name,  confided  of 
8  townfliips,  each  containing  5  miles 
fqus^e,  fettled  from  Connecticut,  and 
originally  under  its  jurifdiiSlion,  and  pro- 
duced great  quantities  of  grain  of  all  fort", 
fruit,  hemp,  flax,  dec.  inhabited  by  about 
1000  families),  who  had  furniflied  the 
continental  army  with  near  1000  foldiers, 
belide  various  iapplies  of  provifions.  &e. 
In  the  month  of  July,  all  tliefe  Houriihing 
Icttlements  were  reduced  by  the  Indian;! 
and  tories  to  a  ftate  of  defolation  and 
horror,  almoft  beyond  defcription.  [Sc;.^ 
fVifmonlanJ.]  In  the  vicinity  of  Wyom- 
ing is  a  bed  of  coal,  of  the  open  burning 
kind,  which  gives  a  very  intcnfe  heat. 
Wvoming  Falls  lie  about  t  miles  above 

Wilkftarre, 


infylvarja; 
W  of  De^ 

fecond  ia 

ana,  which 
ilej  below 

nnfyivania', 
om  Walli- 

'  CO.  Pcnn- 
ich  of  Suf- 
.  Point, 
c  Oeean,  a 
uid,  one  of 

57  N,  and 
W  fide,  and 
1  of  ihe  iil- 

lO  leagues 
»f  Wonhoo 

dian  nation 
the  neigh- 
id  Puta'wa'- 
s  are  aLout 
\rarrior8,  30 
150,  Otta- 
lother  tribe 
ianduHcy,  a- 
ighnavvagasi 
)rs.  At  the 
fcquence  of 
:es,  the  lat- 
m  in  hand, 
[000  dollars 

ticrtford  cok 

irmcrly  giv- 
cnnfylvania, 
Wilkfbarra. 
went  which 
confided  of 
ng  5  miles 
!<^icut,  and 
on,  and  pro- 
a  of  all  forts, 
ed  by  about 
rniflied  the 
ooofoldiers, 
ovifions.  &c. 
;e  Hourifhing 
tlic  Indian-i 
folation  aod 
iption.  [Sc::. 
yof  Wyn.-n- 
pen  burning 
ntenfe  heat, 
mile*  above 
Wilklbarrc, 


XAL 

t^'Ilkftarre,  and  8|  miles  above  Nanti* 
koke  Falls,     N  lat.  41   14,  \V  Ion.  75  53. 

Wyonoh  Creek,  in  N.  Carolina,  lies  with- 
in or  about  lat.  36  36  N.  The  charter  of 
Carolina,  in  1664,  extended  the  bounds 
tadward  as  far  as  the  N  end  of  Currituck 
Inlet,  jpoa  a  ftraight  line  we(ler>y  to  this 
creek. 

IVytbt,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  faid  to  be  no 
miles  ia  length  and  nearly  50  in  breadth  ; 
bounded  N  by  Kanhaway,  and  S  by  N. 
Carolina.  Thcte  arc  lead  mines  in  this 
county,  on  the  Great  Kauhaway,  2J  miles 
from  the  line  of  N.  Carolina,  which  yield 
from  50  to  8clbs.  pure  lead  from  icclbs. 
walhedore,  but  moft  commonly  60  to  100. 
Two  of  them  are  worked  by  the  public  ; 
the  belt  of  which  is  100  yards  under  the 
hill ;  and  although  there  are  not  more 
than  30  labourers  genera' iy  employed, 
they  might  employ  50  or  60  to  advantage. 
The  labourers  cultivate  their  own  corn. 
Twenty,  »j,  and  fometimes  60  tona  of 
lead  have  been  extracted  from  thel'e 
mines  in  a  year  It  contains  5549  free 
inhaiiitants,  and  S31  ilaves.  Chief  town, 
£vantbum.  The  court  houfe  is  on  the 
pod  road  from  P.ichmond  to  Danville,  in 
Kentucky,  301  miles  from  the  former,and 
343  from  the  latter.  It  is  46  miles  from 
Montgomery  court  iimile,  57  from  Abing- 
don, and  3JI  from  Wa£hin2ton.  A  poll 
•ifice  ia  kept  here. 


X 


AGVA,  a  harbour  on  the  S  E  coaft  of 

the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  one  of  the  finefl: 
ports  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  lies  between 
tiic  fflands  of  Pines,  or  Pinez,  and  Spirito 
Santo. 

Xaintes,  Santos,  or  Alt  Saintt  If  mit,  fo 
■ameJ  from  their  being  difcovercd  on 
that  Holy  Day,  by  the  Spaniards,  on  the 
S  £  lideof  the  ifland  of  Guadaloupe,  and 
in  its  jurifditStion.  The  molt  wefterly  of 
thefe  three  ides  is  called  Terra  de  Bas.  or 
the  Low  Ifland,  and  the  molt  eafterly  Ter- 
ra de  Haut,  or  the  High  liland.  The 
third,  which  lies  exaiStly  in  the  middle 
between  the  other  two,  is  little  other  than 
a  Darren  rock,  atui  helps  to  form  a  very 
good  harbour. 

Xiilifco,  a  province  of  New  Spain,  and 
the  moit  foutherly  on  the  coafl  of  Guad- 
alajara audience.  It  it  bounded  S  and  W 
by  the  S.  Sea  ;  E  by  Guadal.ijara  Proper, 
and  Mcchoacan,  and  divided  from  Chia- 
metlan,  on  the  N  by  a  narrow  flip  of  land 
dcjiopginj  t«  Oui^Ali^ara,  titcpdio^  i;ito 


TAD 

the  fca.  It  is  not  above  ijo  miles  in  et* 
tent  either  way.  It  has  filver  iiiine3,  and 
abounds  with  Indian  wheat,  Lut  has  in\€ 
cattle.  The  oil  of  the  IrfcmaL  I'.'ir  ine,  u* 
the  Spaniards  cali  it,  is  brought  from  this 
ptovincc.  It  is  faid  to  be  tihcHcious  in 
diflfolving  tumors,  expelling  of  wind,  and 
til  cold  humors,  by  anointing  the  htliy, 
and  taking  a  lew  drops  of  it  in  a  glafs  of 
wine,  as  alio  by  clyflcrs.  It  is  alio  faid 
to  cure  ulcers  in  tiie  head,  and  dcatncfs. 
I'he  Indians  are  numerous  here,  and  are 
reckoned  braver  and  more  puliic  than 
their  neighbouring  couiitivnien.  'i'he 
Xalifco,  an  ancient  city,  is  the  capital,  yet 
the  mod  confidcrablu  place  iu  it  is  Com- 
pol'tclla. 

Xariiyei,  Laguna  de  Ici,  a  large  lake  of 
Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  formed  by  the 
river  Pai  aguay,  in  its  courfe  from  N  to  S. 

Xerts  de  la  Frontera,  a  town  in  the 
fouthernniolt  part  of  Zacatccas,  province 
of  Guadalajara  audience,  in  N  Spain,  in 
N,  America.  It  is  ganifcucd  for  defend- 
ing the  mines  a^aiuit   the  hollilc  Indians. 


r. 


./^£.^(2C^.E,  one  of  the  I.ucayos.or  Eai 

hama  ifland,  fituated  S    W  of    Ivleguani 
Ifland.    .N  lat.  as  ^o- 

Tadkin,  a  confiderable  river  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, which  rifcs  in  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, running  £  about  60  miles,  then  turu- 
ing  to  the  b  S  E  pafTes  the  Narrows,  a 
few  miles  above  Rocky  river;  thence  di- 
rcdling  its  courfe  througii  Montgomery 
and  Anfon  counties,  enters  S.  Carolina. 
It  is  about  400  yards  broad  where  it  paf- 
fes  Salifbury,  but  it  is  reduced  between 
2  hills,  about  25  miles  to  the  fouthward 
of  that  town,  to  the  width  of  80  or  100 
feet.  Fur  a  miles  it  is  naroow  and  rapid, 
but  the  molt  narrow  and  rapid  part  is  not 
above  half  a  mile  in  length.  In  this 
narrow  pjrt,  Iliad  are  caught  in  the  fpring 
of  the  year,  by  hoop  nets,  ia  the  eddies, 
as  fait  as  the  Arongelt  men  are  able  to 
throw  them  out.  Perhaps  there  is  not  in 
the  United  States  a  more  eligible  fituation 
for  a  large  manufadturing  town.  Boats 
with40  orjo  hogfhcads  pafs  tnfily  from 
thefe  Rapidsto  Georgeto^vn.  The  late  war, 
by  which  N.  Carolina  was  grartly  con- 
vulfcd.put  a  ftop  to  feveral  ironworks. 
In  1 790  there  were  4  or  5  furnaces  in  the 
State  that  were  in  bialt,  and  a  proportioiv* 
able  number  of  forges.  There  was  i  in 
Guilford  CO.  I  in  Surry,  and  i  in  Wilkes, 
all  on  the  Y>dki&     Itmm,  th«  mouth  of 

Koiky 


m 


m 


1 1 


I  f. 


ril 


I  .lit 


''III 


Jh 


m 


YAO, 


YCA 


Hockjr  river  to  the  ocean,  the  (Iream  af- 
fumes  the  name  of  Great  Pedee. 

Tagarchoca,  a  lake  of  Quito,  within  the 
limits  of  the  jurifdid):ion  of  San  Miguel  de 
Ibiirra.  It  is  famous  for  having  been  the 
fepitlchre  of  the  inhabitants  of  Otabalo, 
wlien  taken  by  HuaynaCapac,  the  lath 
Inca ;  who,  inftead  of  rewarding  their 
magnanimity  with  clemency,  wa«  irritated 
at  the  noble  refiftance  which  they  made 
againd  his  army,  ordered  them  all  to  he 
beheaded,  an<l  tluir  bodies  to  be  tlirown 
into  the  lake ;  hcuci;  its  naine,  which  fig- 
nilies  a  lake  of  blood. 

Tiii^o,  Si.  or  Si.  "Jam's,  an  a»»«:ient  town 
on  the  N  fide  of  ist.  Domingo  Klaud, 
founded  before  1504  a\\<\  the  country 
round  is  reckoned  as  he*!-  h\  an  any  in  the 
ifland.  It  is  fitiiated  on  the  high  road 
from  La  Wga  to  Duxavon  ;  10  leagues 
W  by  N  of  the  former,  and  a8  eaftcrly 
of  the  latter,  and  about  10  from  the  an- 
choring phice  of  St.  Yague,  and  nearly  a» 
far  from  Port  de  Plate.  It  ftands  on  the 
northern  fide  of  the  river  Yaqui,  in  a 
favannah  commanding  tlie  river.  The 
town  is  open,  and  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  above  600  houfcs.  It  is  ^z 
leagues  N  N  VV  of  St,  Domingo  city,  34  W 
by  N  of  the  bottom  of  Saniiina  Bay,  and 
22  N  W  of  Cotuy.  The  territory  of 
St.  Yago,  or  Jago,  contains  a8,ooo  fouls, 
and  is  very  fertile  in  mines.  The  land 
of  Green  and  Yaqui  rivers  is  mixed  with 
gold.  Mercury  is  found  at  the  head  of 
the  latter  river,  and  copper  is  alfo  found 
in  this  territory.  The  tree,  guatapana. 
wiiich  retains  its  Indian  name,  is  found 
here.  It  bears  a  fort  of  grain  or  pod,  from 
which  is  extraifted  a  very  fine  black  dye. 

Taguache,  a  lieutenancy  of  Guayaquil  ju- 
iifdidlion,  in  S.  America.  It  lies  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame  name, 
which  empties  into  that  of  Guayaquil  on 
the  S  fide,  and  has  its  fource  from  the 
fkirts  of  the  Cordilleras,  S  of  the  r-.ver 
Bamba.  Within  its  jurifdidlion  are  3 
towns  ;  the  chief  of  which  is  that  where 
the  cuftom  houfe  is  ere<Sted,  and  called 
San  Jacint  de  Yaguache  ;  the  a  others  are 
Naufa  and  Antonche.  It  produces  wood, 
cocoa,  cattle,  and  cotton. 

Vale  College.     See  New   Haven, 

Yamacraiv,  the  ancient  Indian  name  of 
the  fpot  where  Savannah,  in  Georgia  now 
{lands.  Alfo  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  the 
Creek  Indians. 

Taque,  Port  St.  Vulgarly  called  Old  Port, 
a  fmali  anchoring  place  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  iHand  of  Stl^mingo  ;  between  Fad- 


repin    Weft,  and  Macorid   Point    Eaft. 

Yaquif  Grand,  or  Monte  Chrijl  Jiiver,  a 
river  of  the  N  part  of  St.  Domingo,  which 
runs  a  W  N  W  courfe,  and  empties  into 
the  Bay  of  Monte  ChrilL  It  might  be 
afccnded  in  canoes  or  {mM  boat*,  for  15 
leagues,  were  it  not  for  the  limbs  of 
trees  which  lodge  in  it.  All  its  numerous 
branches  are  from  the  fouthward.  See 
Monte  Chrijl. 

YaiiiJIey's  Ferry,  on  Delaware  river  is  % 
miles  N  W  tA  I  reiiton,  ui  N.  Jerfey,  and 
3  niilo  below  M'Crankey's  Ferry. 

Yarii  a  town  in  Ama2onia,  S  /"-inerica, 
at  the  head  of  a  branch  of  Amazonia  riv- 
er, S  wefterly  from  Macapa. 

Yarmuuth,  a  pod  town  of  MafTachufetts, 
Barnftabie  co.  on  the  peninl'ula,  of  Cape 
Cod,  i  miles  K  of  Barnftabie,  i%  E  by  H 
of  Sandwich,  and  77  S  E  of  Bofton.  The 
liarbojir  is  defcribed  in  the  account  of 
Burnjlabie ;  whicli  fee.  'i'hf  tovvnfliip 
extends  from  fea  to  fea.  It  was  inco'  jx)- 
ratedin  1639, and  contains  1727  fouls. 

Yiirmotith-,  A  townfhip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
in  Qncen'b  co.  fettled  by  New  Engian^Jers. 
It  lies  at  the  head  of  a  fliort  bay,  8  nihes 
S  £  of  Cape  St.  Mary. 

Yaruqui,  a  plain  4  leagues  N  E  of  the 
city  of  Quito,  and  249  toifes  lower  thiin  it. 
Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  fame  name. 
This  fpot  was  pitched  upon  as  the  bale 
of  the  wliole  operations  for  meafuring 
the  length  of  an  arch  of  the  Meridian,  by 
Ulloa. 

Yaxoo  River,  in  the  MilTifippi  Territory, 
confifts  of  3  large  branches  which  run  a 
fouihcrn  courfe,  and  near  its  mouth  thefe 
unite  and  purfue  a  S  W  courfe  a  few 
miles,  and  the  confluent  flream  enters  the 
eadern  bank  of  the  Milfifippi,  by  a  mouth 
upwards  of  100  yards  wide  ;  according 
to  Mr.  Gauld,  in  lat.  32  37  N,  and  by  Mr. 
Purcel,  in  32  38. 

Yaxoo  ClIJl,  or  Aux  Cotd,  lie  '}\  miles 
from  the  river  Yazoo,  and  39^  miles  from 
Loufa  Chitto,  or  Big  Black  river. 

Yhague,  a  city  of  New  Granada,  in  Ter- 
ra Firma. 

Yea,  or  Kilverde,  or  the  Green  f^al^,  from 
a  valley  of  the  fame  name  planted  with 
vines,  which  is  6  leagues  long,  and  produ- 
ces plenty  of  wine.  It  is  about  41  miles 
S  E  of  Pifco,  in  Peru,  and  is  inhabited  Iiy 
joo  Spaniards.  It  is  a  beautiful  and  rich 
town,  having  a  large  church,  3  convents, 
and  an  hofpital.  About  6  leagues  from 
the  town  is  its  port,  called  Puerto  Queni- 
ada. 

YetfiUfOr  Jea(«,  the  Bortbera  pointof 

the 


in  Ter- 


pointof 
the 


YOR 

the  bay  of  Mancenilla,  in  the  iiland  of  St. 
Domingo. 

YeUotv  Mtuntatn.     See  Tenrffee. 

Ylo,  a  port  of  Peru,  in  Los  Charcos  con- 
venient for  loading  and  unloading,  in  lat. 
i8  ri.  The  town  of  the  fame  name  lies 
about  a  quarter  of  a  league  to  the  wind- 
ward of  the  river,  and  is  inhabited  by  In- 
dians.   Frczier  calls  it  Hila. 

Yobigany,  the  principal  branch  of  Mo- 
nongahela  river,  called  alfu  Toughlogeny, 
and  Toxbiigem,  purfues  a  N  W  courCs,  and 
pafTea  through  the  Laurel  Mountain, 
about  30  miles  from  its  mouth ;  is,  fo  far, 
from  300  to  i JO  yards  wide,  and  the  nav- 
igation much  obftrui^ed  in  dry  weather 
by  rapids  and  fhoals.  In  its  pafTagc 
through  the  mountain  it  makes  very  great 
falls,  admitting  no  navigation  for  10  miles, 
to  the  Turkey  foot.  Thence  to  the 
Great  Crofling,  about  jo  miles,  it  is  again 
navigable,  except  in  dry  feafons,  and  at 
this  place  is  aoo  yards  wide.  The  I'our- 
ces  of  this  river  are  divided  from  thole 
of  the  Patowmack,  by  the  Alleghany 
Mountain.  From  the  falls,  where  it  in- 
terfecfts  the  Laurel  Mountain,  to  Fort 
Cumberland,  the  head  of  the  navigation 
to  the  Patowmack,  is  40  miles  of  very 
movntaiuou!*  road.  The  country  on  this 
river  is  uneven,  but  in  the  vallies  the  foil 
ii>  extremely  rich.  Near  to  Pittlhurg  the 
country  i«  well  peopled,  and  there,  as 
well  as  in  Redftone,  all  the  comforts  of 
life  are  in  the  greateft  abundame.  This 
whole  country  abounds  with  coal,  whitu 
lies  almod  on  the  furface  of  the  ground. 

Tankers,  a.  port  town  of  N.  York-  '•■>  W. 
Chefter  co.  bounded  E  by  Bronx  iiver. 
It  contains  11 76  inhabitants. 

TowHjT  Frederick'' s  JflanJ,  on  tiie  N.  V-'. 
coafl:  of  N.  America,  divide*  Port  lit jra- 
ham.       See  Port  Ingrabam. 

Tert,  a  river  of  Virginia,  wlucii  lalo's 
its  rife  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  .^mptie? 
into  tlie  Chefapeak,  a  little  S  of  Mr>bjack 
Bay.  At  York  Town  it  «(I«^ds  thr  bell 
harlx/«»r  in  the  State,  w!ii-^h  will  H<^mit 
veflelf  of  tlie  largeft  fizc  The  rivr. 
there  narrows  to  the  width  of  a  mile,  and 
is  contained  within  very  high  banks,  clofe 
tnider  which  the  vefle's  may  ride.  It  has 
4  fathoms  wattr  at  high  tide,  for  j,c  mi'cs 
above  York,  to  the  mouth  of  Poropotanir, 
where  the  river  is  a  mile  and  half  wi^ 
and  the  cliaunel  only  75  fathoms  palftng 
under  ;i  very  high  bank.  At  the  confkk- 
<;nce  of  Pamuatty  and  Mattapony  it  '•m 
but  J  fariuinis  depth,  which  continues  up 
PtknvMkky  to  Cumberland, where  tbt  width 


YOR 

is  ICO  yards,  and  up  Matapony  to  within 
z  miles  of  frazer's  Ferry,  where  it  be- 
comes aS^  fathoms  deep,  and  holds  that 
about  5  miles. 

Tori,  a  river  of  York  co.  Maine,  which 
runs  up  7  or  8  miles,  and  affords  a  tolera- 
ble harbour  for  veflels  under  200  tons. 
The  rocks,  however,  render  it  fomewhat 
difficult  and  hazardous  for  ftrangers. 

}'6m(,  a  maritime  and  populous  co.  of 
M^.ine,  bounded  F.  by  Cumberland,  .S  by 
the  ocean,  W  by  N.  Hampfliire,  from 
which  it  is  fcpzratcd  by  Salmon  Fall  i  iv- 
er,  and  N  by  Canada.  It  is  well  watered 
by  Saco,  Moufom,  and  other  ftreams,  and 
is  divided  into  20  tovvnflups,and  contains 
37,729  inhabitants.     Chief  town,  York. 

5"ori,a  poll  town  of  Maine,  in  York  co. 
9  miles  N  E  of  Portfmouth,  in  N.  Hamp- 
fliirc,  20  S  of  WelU,  and  75  from  Bolton. 
N  Iftt.  43  16.  U  is  a  poit  of  entry  and  cap- 
ital of  the  county.  The  river  of  its  name 
empties  into  York  ii.irbour.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  ven"ils  ( /  2JO  tons.  About  a 
mile  from  the  lea  is  a  wooden  bridge 
acrofs  the  river,  270  feet  in  length,  which 
was  ere«ffed  in  1761.  Before  the  war, 
25  or  30  veffels  were  employed  in  the  W. 
India  trade,  and  coafting  bulinefs,  hut 
their  veflels  were  taken  or  deftroyed, 
and  little  marine  buf-nefs  is  now  done, 
except  that  a  fmall  fifliery  is  fupported. 
This  townfliip  was  fettled  in  1630,  and 
called  Agamenticus,  from  the  hill  of  that 
name  which  is  a  noted  land  mark  for  mar- 
iners. In  1640,  or  4::.  ?t.  Ferdinand  Gor- 
"^8  incorporated  a  great  part  of  it  by  the 
c.me  of  Gorgitini,  and  appointtd  a  mayor, 
:  'de:me  '.,  recorder,  though  tliis  circum- 
lii.ice  leems  not  to  have  added  to  iti 
wealth  or  importance.  In  the  ye;i.r  if>^i, 
the  Inci'-^ns  took  the  town  by  I'urprife, 
and  burn'  nofl  .if  he  houfe.",  and  150 
I  srfo"s  were  killed  or  captivated.  It 
contains  2776  inhabitants.  Fifli  of  vari- 
ous kinds  freqi!  ■'  ,  the  rivers  and  fliorcs 
(/f  thffea  coiiiiguous.  In  a  calm  feafon, 
in  the  lunvnc,  one  may  (land  on  the  rocks 
of  the  (lunt;  id  catch  them  in  the  fea, 
with  a  line,  uc  even  with  an  angling  rod, 
and  a  fathim  or  two  of  line. 

Tan',  a  county  of  Pennfylvania,  bound- 
ed F.  and  h  F.  by  Sufquehannah  river, 
whi/rli  feparates  it  from  Lancafter  and 
Dauphinc  counties,  and  S  by  the  State  of 
Maryiand.  .  contains  18  townfliips,  and 
25,643  inhabitants. 

Tori,  a  port  town  and  capital  of  the 
above  county,  fituated  on  the  E  lidc  of 
Codorus  Creek,  vhkh  empties  into  the 

^hifquchaunab. 


i 


:li 


yoR 


true 


Sufqaehannah.  It  contains  about  jOO 
rjoul'e  feveral  of  which  are  of  brick. 
The  town  in  regular!/  laid  out ;  the  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  court  houfe,  a  flone 
gaol,  a  record  oiTicc,  handfomely  built,  an 
Rcademy,  a  German  Lutheran,  a  German 
Calvinid.  a  Prclbyten.m,  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  MoraTian  church,  and  a  Quaker 
meeting  houfe.  It  is  22  miles  W  S  W  of 
l.ancafler,  51  N  W  by  W  olH.irtford,  in 
Maryland,  199  N  E  of  Staunton,  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  J{H  VN'  of  Philadelphia. 

VortyTi  diflri£t  of  S.  Carolina,  bounded 
E  by  Catabaw  river,  N  by  N.  Carolina  ; 
S  hy  Chefter  co.  and  W  by  Broad  river, 
which  divide*  it  from  Spartanburg,  and  is 
one  of  the  mofl:  agreeable  and  healthy 
p«rt8  of  the  (late,  and  well  watcied  by 
Ca'abaw  and  Broad  rivers,  and  their 
tribu'^aric:.  It  contains  10,248  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  1804  are  (lavts.  At  the 
court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. 

Tori,  a  CO.  of  Virgiiii^i,  bounded  N  by 
Vork  river,  which  divide^  ic  fiom  G'ou- 
celler  co.  S  by  Warwick  ;  E  by  Elizabeth 
City  CO.  and  W  by  that  of  James  City. 
It  contains  ilii  free  inhabicants,  and 
«C20  flares. 

Tork,  or  TcrktoivKjA  port  of  entry  and 
polt  town  of  Virginia,  and  capital  of  York 
CO.  It  is  agreeably  fituated  on  the  S  fide 
of  York  river,  where  the  river  is  fud4icn- 
Iv  cnntradled  to  a  narrow  compafs,  op- 
pofite  to  Gloucefter,  and  a  mile  diftant, 
where  there  is  a  fort  fronting;  that  on 
the  York  fide,  about  11  miles  W  by  S  of 
Toes  Point;  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
The  banks  of  the  river  are  very  high,  and 
ved'els  of  the  greateft  burden  may  ride 
clofc  under  them  v  ith  the  greateft  fafe- 
ty.  It  contains  about  60  or  70  houfes,  a 
goal,  an  Epifcopal  church,  and  a  tobacco 
ware  houfe.  In  1790,  it  contained  661 
inhabitants,  of  whom  372  were  flaves. 
lis  exports,  in  the  year  1794,  amounted 
to  71,578  dollars.  It  will  ever  be  famous 
in  the  American  annals  for  the  capture 
of  Lord  Cornwallis  and  his  army,  by  the 
combined  forces  of  the  United  States  and 
France,  which  took  place  on  the  19th  of 
O<51obcr,  I78t.  It  is  la  miles  E  by  S  of 
Williamfburg,  41  N  W  of  Hampton.  7a 
E  S  E  of  Richmond,  350  &  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  19a  from  WaHiiogton.  N 
lat.  37  2'  30,  W  Ion.  76  5a. 

Toris  a  town  of  Upptr  Canada, fituated 
on  the  N  W  fide  of  Lake  Olitario,  and 
if.  diifis^ned  to  be  the  future  feat  of  gov- 
ernment of  that  province.  The  public 
Ituildings  arc  c'red.i»g.    It  is  40  miles  N 


by  Wof  Niagara  Fort,  and  120  W  S  W 
of  Kingfton.  N  lat.  43  45,  W  Ion.  79, 
or  4  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Tork  Bay,  is  9  miles  long,  and4  broad, 
and  fpreads  to  the  fouthward  before  the 
city  of  N.  York.  It  is  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  £.  and  Hudfon't  rivers,  and 
cmbofoms  feveral  fmal!  iilands,  of  which 
Governors  Illand  is  the  principal.  It 
communicates  with  the  Ocean  through 
tlie  Narrows,  between  States  and  Long 
Iflands,  which  are  fcarcely  2  miles  wide. 
The  paiTage  up  to  N.  York,  from  Sandy 
Hook,  the  ooiut  of  land  that  extends  fur- 
theft  into  the  fea,  is  fafe,  and  not  above 
ao  milcfi  in  length.  The  common  navi- 
gation IS  between  the  £  and  W  banks, 
in  about  a  a  feet  water.  The  light  houfe 
at  Sandy  Hook  U  iu  lat.  40  30  N,  and 
Ion.  74  a  W. 

York  Fort,  on  the  S  W  fliore  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Port  Nelfon  river, 
is  160  miles  wefterly  of  Severn  Houfe, 
N  lat.  571  51,  W  Ion.  9a  46  40. 

York  Harbor,  lies  within  the  elbow 
formed  by  S.  Head,  in  the  Bay  of  Iflands, 
Newfoundland  Ifland. 

York  IJland,  one  of  the  Gallipago  iflands, 
on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

Yorh  IJlf,  or  Ijlonds,  lie  in  S  lat.  50  37, 
aboui  JO  leagues  from  the  coaft  of  Pata- 
gonia, in  S.  America,  and  are  inhabited. 
Trinity  Hie  lies  due  E  of  them  near  the 
main  land. 

Yorh  Ledgr,  on  the  coaft  of  Alainc. 
From  York  Harbour  to  York  Ledge,  the 
courfe  is  S  E  2  leagues. 

York  MifJIer,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and Terra  del  Fuego,  is  19  leagues  at  E  S 
E  from  Gilbert  Ifland.  S  lat.  SS  *6,  W 
Ion.  70  25. 

York  Roaif,  or  Bay,  in  tbe  Straits  of 
MagelLin,  in  S.  America,  is  10  miles  from 
Cape  Crofs  Tide.    S  lat.  53  39,  W  Ion. 

75  52.  . 

Yorktown,  a  townfliip  of  N  York,  Well 
Chefter  co.  E  of  PeeklkiM,  las  1716  in- 
habitants. 

Yuu^h  GlaJcs,  a  poft  town  Alleghany  co, 
Maryland,  173  ■•le»from  Vaibington. 

Youghiogeiiy.     See  Yobo^any. 

YoMHf;/I(>tvn,  a  poft  towr  m  the  co.  of 
Trumbull  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  eowtain- 
ing  in  1800,  503  inhabitants  ;  66  miles  N 
W  of  Pittfburg  and  10  from  Warren.  Set- 
tled from  Pennfylvania  and  N.  England. 
The  main  branch  of  the  Big  Beaver  di- 
vides this  town.  It  is  329  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

7'iK(rt0n,  one  of  (he  7  provinces  of  tl^e 

audience 


2  AC 


2UY 


> 


budiehce  ■•  "-xico, in  Nevi^  Spain.  The 
firitifli  h  :  to  cut  logwood  and 

carry  it  the  treaty  of  1783,  in 

the  tradi  a  Rio  Honde  and  Balize 

rivers. 

Tuimi:  Bjy  of.     See  Higuey. 

Tuna,  a  river  of  the  idand  of  St.  Domin- 
go, which  runs  an  £  S  E  and  E  courfc, 
and  empties  into  the  W  end  of  th.'  Bay 
of  Saniana.  It  rifes  near  Monte  Chrifb 
river.  It  is  navigable  no  farther  than 
Cotuy,     13     leagues     from    its    moucii. 


^ACA'TECAS,   a    province    01    New 

Spain,  bounded  by  New  Bifcay  on  the  N, 
by  P^nucnon  on  the  E,  Mechoacan.Gua- 
ddlajura,  ^ind  Cti:amctlan  on  the  S,  and  by 
part  of  Chiamctun  and  Cuiiacan  on  the 
W.  It  is  well  inhabited,  and  abounds 
witli  large  villages.  The  mines  here  are 
reckoned  the  riciieft  in  America. 

Zacatecas,  the  capital  of  the  above 
province,  fituated  under  tlic  tropic  of 
Cancer,  40  leagues  N  of  Guadalajara,  and 
80  N  W  of  Mexico.  Its  garrifon  con  (ids 
of  about  1000  men,  and  there  are  about 
800  families  of  (laves,  ivho  work  in  the 
mines  jiu'  other  laborious  work.  N  lat. 
»3  S9,  W  Ion.  103  so. 

Zacallan,  a  town  of  Mexico.  Sec  An- 
gths, 

Zacntiila,  a  fmall  feaport  town  of  the 
province  of  Mechoaean,  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame  name,  on 
the  coa(t  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  N  lat.  17 
a2,Wlon.  104  J  8. 


11 


Zacheo,  Or  Drfedio,  a  fmall  ifland,  8  or 
9  leagues  to  the  N  E  by  N  of  Mona,  be- 
tween the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  that 
of  Porto  Rico.  It  u  nothing  more  than 
a  green  mountain,  800  or  1000  yards  long. 

Zamora,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
aoo  miles  S  of  Qiiito,  which  is  pretty 
large,  and  the  houfcs  well  built  of  timiicr 
and  ftone.  The  church  and  convent 
of  Dominicans,  are  both  elegant  (Iruc- 
turcs.  There  are  feveral  gold  mines  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  the  city,  but  few 
of  them  are  worked.     S  lat.  4  10,  W  Ion. 

77  .5. 

Zantpvillf,  a  port  town,  in  the  ftate  of 
Ohio,  on  the  Scioto  river,  about  80  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Zoart  a  tTA&.  of  unincorporated  land 
in  Bcrkfliire  co.  Maflachufetts,  contain- 
ing  a  15  inhabitants. 

Zapotecat,  a  river  of  New  Spain  which 
runs  N  K  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  A 
fort  of  the  fame  name  (lands  on  the  N  W 
bank  of  the  river,  about  250  miles  S  E 
from  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zelito,  or  Zlltio,  one  of  the  forts  for  the 
proteiftion  of  the  harbour  of  Carthagena, 
on  the  N  coaft  of  S.  America. 

Zitar,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S.Amer- 
ica, near  to  and  S  from  the  head  of  the 
gulf  of  Daricn. 

Zoncohiican,  mountains  in  Guaxaca,  ia 
New  Spain,  which  give  rife  to  Papaloa- 
pain  or  Alvarad  river. 

Zonojhio,  the  chief  town  of  tlie  Seneca 
Indians,  2  miles  N  of  Seneca  Lake. 

ZuyJt  River,  a  name  in  Dutch  maps  giv- 
en to  Delaware  river. 


V01..X, 


0««« 


,ilPP£NDi:(; 


II' 


:  I  • 


n)\ 


>■■ ;.  ,> 


T:i 


nn.'. 


•»G 


-rC  - 


J^*»\ 


APPENDIX. 


"£ 


•1  C  ,'■»■• 


,>>* 


.  ,^v, 


;  'Cii;  I 


ARK 


-^z 


l-rrt" 


■\'' 


IDAMS,  a  town  In  Grafton  co.  New 

■Hampfliire,  containing  180  inhabitants. 

Appoquinimink,  a  town  in  New  Caftle  co. 
Delaware,  containing  4x45  inhal)itants. 

^r/'an/iw,  a  river  of  I^ouifmna,  which 
falls  into  the  MiHifippi,  158  miles  above 
the  Yazoo  river.  It  is  fo  called  from 
a  nation  of  Indians  of  the  fame  name.  Its 
fource  is  nearly  in  the  latitude  of  Santa 
Fee  in  New  Mexico,  and  it  is  faid  to  be 
navigable  for  batteaux  750  miles.  It  runs 
througit  an  immenfely  rich  and  fertile 
country.  About  10  or  \i  miles  up  this 
river  from  the  Milfifippi,  there  was  for- 
merly a  fort,  garrifoned  generally  by  a 
company  of  Spanilli  foldiers,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  dei^nding  the  trade  carried  on 
between  New  Orleans  and  the  leveral  vil- 
lages of  St.  GenevivL',  &c.  and  particular- 
ly for  defending  the  commerce  w'tli  the 
Arkanfaw  Indians,  confiding  of  about  280 
warriors  who  were  as  much  attached  to 
the  French  intereft  as  the  Ciiickafaws 
were  to  that  of  the  Knglifli.  No  fettle- 
meiits  were  made  here  except  i  or  i  for 
the  immediate  accommodation  of  the 
garrifon.  The  inundation  of  the  Milli- 
iippi,  abovit  3  years  ago,  occafioncd  tiie 
evacuation  ot  the  above  poll:,  and  t.he 
<ftabiifliment  of  another  on  the  north- 
ern bank  of  the  R.  36  mi'es  higher  up. 
This  port  ronfiftingof  a  fubahcrn's  com- 
mand. (^  pieces  of  cannon  and  8  (vvivels, 
was  attackrd,  abiuit  iK  months  liiu-e,  by  a 
pii-Tty  tif  t'hlckaltw*,  who  killed  10  fol- 
diers of  tl.ie  garrilon,  nnd  loon  nfU  1  loii- 
cludi'd  n  poHcii  wlih  thcMpiiniiiiih.  There 
U  A  hamlet  clofe  to  the  fort  inhabited 
only  by  morrhuifs  ani^  traders.  The 
Ark  lul'iiv  I'ivt'i  difchargcs  ItfeJf  into  the 
Miflilippi  by  two  channels,  about  if 
miles  from  each  other;  the  upperu'oftis 
called  Riviere  Blanche,  fnmi  its  rr ceiv- 
in<!;  a  river  of  ihitt  name,  reported  to  be 
navigaMe  600  miles,  and  the  foil  tKrough 
which  it  runs  equal  in  ^juality  to  ^ny  on 
i\\<i  M:;lilippi,  Uu  I'l-at'z. 


■  ■ 

\/- 

noi 

10 

.f.. 

1> 

:;.A1 

BAL 


Af:of,a.  town  iu  Lower  Canada,  on  both 
fides  of  St.  Francis  river,  15  miles  N  E 
from  the  N  E  point  of  Lake  iNfemphrem- 
agog.  This  town  is  fituated  in  the  cen- 
ter of  new  fettlements,  formed  by  emi- 
grants from  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  chiefly  fiom  N.  England,  in  this 
part  of  Canada,  and  will  probably  be  the 
feat  of  judice  far  a  diRrit^  cndiracing  the 
above  fettlements.  The  townfliips  are 
laid  out  10  mile-i  fquare.  This  town  con- 
tains about  .^00  inhabitants  and  is  fad  in- 
creafing.  The  coinitry,  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood, is  remarkably  fine,  covered 
with  i'ugar  m.iple,  intermingled  with 
butternut,  chn,  bafs  wood  and  birch. 
Wheat  and  corn  are  raifed  here  in  large 
crops.  It  is  a  good  grazing  country. 
The  river  in  this  place  is  from  .•^o  Iu  jO 
rods  wide,  :mdfurnii1ies  fine  fifli,  fuch  as 
falmon,  fturgcon,  trout,  pike,  pickerel, 
bafs,  and  eels,  [t-ee  Sbipioti.]  Tiie  terri- 
tory between  the  St.  Lavrcnce  and  tht 
United  States,  16,  a  great  pat t  of  it,  laid 
out  in  tovvniliips  of  10  miles  liquare  and 
is  faft  ftttling.  Provilion  is  made  by 
the  government  for  the  maintenance  of 
free  foliools,in  all  places  where  the  inhab- 
itants are  able  and  difpofed  to  furniili 
fchool  houfes. 

ylJhLy,  a  town  in  Georgia,  Lincoln  co. 
containing  498  inhabitants. 

At'jin.,ii\(}\ioigu,  the  feat  of  the  Uni- 
verllty. 

yliiniijl.1,  a  town  in  Bracken  co.  Kenr 
tucky,  containing  143  inhabitants. 

Aiigujld,  a  townfliip  of  Oneida  co.  N. 
Yorkj  on  Oneida  creek,  S  E  of  Oneida  Cat 
t!t  ;  containing  1398   iiihabitants. 


B 

BaIE   PAIRRE,  a  fettlement  In  tlic 

MifTifippi  territory,  Pickering  cot    con- 
taini\ig  779  inhabitants. 

Baltimore,  a  town  in  SufTex  co.  Delaware, 
iCcotaining  1395  inhabitauta. 


S: 


I 

li 


BET 


CAM 


^  B*riptaUt  a  towQ  in  Lineola  ca  Oeor* 
gia,  containing  673  inhabitanti. 

SarnfloH,  a  townfliip  in  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  line  which  dividet  Vermont  from 
Canada,  having  Sta^ftead  W,  $|fid  Camp- 
ton  N,  and  contains  about  500  fouls. 

Barret,  (formerly  Wil4enburgh  j)  ^ 
townfliip  in  Orange  fo.  Vermont,  con- 
taining 919  inhabitants. 

Batav!a,a,  town  in  Geneflee  ca  N. 
York,  on  the  great  road  to  Niagara,  10  or 
a  a  miles  W  of  Geneflee  river.  Here  i* 
a  handfome  court  houfe,  and  a  number 
of  dwelling  houfes,  whofe  appearance  is 
indicative  of  an  infant  though  thriving 
fettlement.  This  town  is  fituated  within 
the  limits  of  an  extenfive  tradV,  purchafed 
by  a  companv  of  Hollanders,  called  the 
"  Dutch  purchafe,"  and  is  fettling  under 
their  dire<flion.  Grni/. 

Bath,  ii)  Grafton  co.  It.  Hampfliire  .The 
Great  Amonoofock  paHes  through  a  cor- 
ner of  this  town,  and  furniihes  a  variety 
of  excellent  mil(  feats.  Already,  in  1803 
are  ereAed  2  grill  mills,  %  faw  mills,  i 
forge,  1  clothiers  works,  and  a  carding 
n^achine.  In  the  towns  adjacent,  is  found 
ore  of  an  excellent  quality,  about  12  miles 
from  this  forge  ;  a  handfome  meeting 
houfe  with  a  fleeple  has  lately  been  ere<Sk- 
ed  in  this  town. 

Batm  Rouge,  a  fettlement  on  the  E  tide 
of  the  MifliUppi,  abovethe  parifli  of  Man- 
chac,  which  is  about   9  leagues  in  extent, 
•26  leagues   below  New  Orleans.     It  is 
the  firft  place  on  the  river  wliere  hard 
land  approaches  the  river.      Here  it  rtfes 
30  or  40  feet  above  the  highed  floods,  and 
extends  a  conflderable  dillance   back  be-  | 
fore  it  finks  into    fwamps.    ThomfonV ! 
Creek,  and  Bayou  Sara  are  fubnrdinate  i 
to  Baton  Rouge.      The  head    waters  of  I 
thcfe  Gceeks  are   above  lat.  31.      Iheir  i 
banks  have  the  beAfoil,  and  more  num-  | 
crous  cotton  plantations  than  any  other  I 
part  of  Louifiana.      In  this  pl.incation  is  ! 
a  remarkable cyprcfs  tree; a  fliip  carpcn-  1 
ter  offered  to  make   a  pettyaugres  from  '. 
it,  one  of  14,  and  one  o^'  i^  tonis.  ''  It  tifes 
fo  out  of  fight  that  the  height  could  never 
be  meafurcd."    One  of  the  firft  adventur- 
ers who  landed  hore,  happened  to   fay, 
t'.iat  tree  would    make  a  good   walking 
flick,  and  cyprefs  wood   being  red,  tKe 
place  was  called  Baton  Rouge. 

Du  Pratz,  Jejprfon. 

Belle  Fountaine,  a  village  in  the  Indiana 
territory,  St.  Claire  coi  containing  286 
inhabitants. 

Betbleham,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 


Hampfliire,  eontaimng  17X  inhabitantif 

Big  Blaei,  a  fettlement  in  the  Mtflifippi 
territory,  Pickering  co.  containing  158  in- 
habitants. 

Big  Sft-iitg,  in  Geneflee  co.  N.  York, 
a  few  miles  Wof  Geneflee  liver,  in  the 
town  of  Southampton,  on  the  road  to  Nia-f 
gara  is  reckoned  a  great  curiofity.  The 
water  which  ifl!ues  from  it,  covers  fevetal 
acres,  and  forms  a  fiream  fuflicient  to 
carry  feveral  mills,  which  are  fituated  pn 
It.  Crev>. 

Bolton,  a  townfhip,  in  L.  Canada,  on  the 
W  fide  of  the  northern  part  of  Mem- 
phremagog,  having  about  250  inhabitant*, 
20  miles  Wof  Afcot. 

Bridgeport,  Fairfield  co.  Ses  NnefiiU. 

Broad  Greek,  a  town  in  SuflTex  co.  Dela- 
ware, containing  1819  inhabitants. 

Brampton,  a  townfliip  on  the  S  W  bank 
of  St.  Francis,  in  L.  Canada,  N  W  of  Afcot, 
and  has  about  100  inhabitants. 

BrooHine,  townfhip,  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  was  made  out  of  part  of  Athene 
and  Putney,  in  1794. 

Buffaloe  and  Bate  Sarah,  fettlements  iq 
the  Mifljfippi  territory,  Adams  co.  con- 
taining 63J  inhabitants. 


Li AB ARRAS  Co.  in  N.  Carolina.  On  4 
creek  in  this  co.  a  bed  of  gold  ore  has  late- 
ly been  found,  frqm  which  has  been  tak- 
en a  lump  of  aSlbs.  eftimated  to  be  worth 
between  5  and  6000  dollars.  The  land, 
on  which  this  ore  is  found,  btlohgs  to 
Mr.  John  Reed,  a  native  of  Hefle  Caflel, 
Germany.  North  Carolina  paper,  Dec,  5, 
i8o> 

Cambria,  9  fettlement  confiding  of 
io,0QO  acres,  formed  by  emigrants  froni 
Wales,  on  the  waters  of  Conemaug  and 
Black  Lick,  in  Somcrfet  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia,  begun  in  the  autumn  of  1796.  In 
this  fettlement  is  laid  out  a  town  named 
Beula, ;  mile  fquarc ;  395  acres  in  which 
are  appropriated  to  the  benefit  of  the  firft 
fetllers  for  pi^blic  buildings,  fchools,  a  li- 
brary, and  tor  the  encouragement  of  agri- 
culmre  and  manufa(!lures  ;  and  200  acre* 
in  the  fettlement,  for  the  diflfc^ninating  of 
religious  knowledge.  It  is  13  miles  from 
the  Fiankftown  branch  of  the  Jtihiata,  13 
frorn  the  W  branch  of  the  Sulquehanna, 
14  from  Clearfield  creek,  and  8  from 
Chert  C^ek  ;  on  the  Juniata  road  froim 
Philadelphia  to  Pittfbiirg,  about  230 
miles  from  the  former  and  80  from  the 
latter.      Five  hundred  ground  lots   (58 

feet 


CHE 


COE 


feet  by  lis)  >°  the  town,  were  offered  for 
fale  (1797)  at  lodolU.  each,  payable  in 
cafh,  or  valuable  books  to  form  a  public 
library  in  the  town  for  the  ufe  of  the  fet- 
tle rs.  Harrit, 

Camden,  a  townihip  of  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  N  of  the  lake,  and  embracing  the 
weftern  branch  of  Fifli  creek ;  containing 
384  inhabitants. 

Canada.  The  Spaniards  were  the  iird 
who  difcovered  Canada.  On  therr  arri- 
val  in  the  country,  finding  nothing  which 
they  thought  valuable  in  it,  they  foon 
abandoned  it,  and  named  it  //  Cafodi  na- 
da,  that  is  A  Cape  of  Nothing,  hence  by  cor- 
ruption fprung  the  word  Canada,  which 
is  ufed  in  all  our  maps.  Hinnipin. 

CaftUton,  a  village  in  the  townihip  of 
Bchoodack,  in  Renflitlaer  co.  N.  York. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  town  in  Suflex  en.  Dela- 
ware, containing  35 13  inhabitant!). 

Cbafalia,  the  weftern  mouth  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi.  It  is  the  firft  branch  that  turns 
ofF  from  the  main  dream.  It  leaves  the 
Miffilippi  in  the  W  part  of  the  remarka- 
ble bend  to  the  W,  which  it  makes  jud 
below  the  31°  of  N  tat^-and  appears  to 
have  been  the  Red  River.  Once  proba- 
bly the  courfe  of  the  Mifliflppi  kept  a 
diretSt  courfe  from  Clarkfvillc  to  Bayou 
Tunica ;  water  now  runs  acrofs  this 
neck,  when  the  river  is  high,  and 
feveral  ponds  lie  in  this  fpace  ofS  miles; 
but  the  river  breaking  through  its  W 
bank  to  fweep  an  arch  of  50  miles,  flung 
iitfelf  into  the  channel  of  Red  river,  and 
when  again  it  turned  £,part  of  its  waters 
continued  in  the  channel,  and  that  por- 
tion is  now  Chafalia.  RedR.now  entersthe 
Miffifippi  where  its  banks  were  fird  brok- 
en through  by  that  conquering  ftream. 
The  ^rees  carried  down  the  current  of 
Chafaija,  have  legged  and  formed  an  im- 
menfe  floating  bridge,  over  which  not  only 
men,  but  cattle  and  horfes  may  pafs. 

Cbatbam,  a  townlbip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  containing  183  inhabitants. 

Cbattaboucbe,  a  large  river  navigable 
from  its  mouth  above  the  S  line  of  the 
fJnited  States.  Sloops  afeend  to  the 
mouth  of  Flint  river.  The  banks  are 
low  for  40  miles  from  the  mouth,  and  ex- 
cepting a  few  places,  are  inundated  every 
Tear.  Limedone  is  found  a  few  miles 
Dclow  Flint  river,  and  afcending  this  river 
iron  ore  is  difcovered.     See  jipatachicola. 

Ellicott. 

Cherfecocit,  a  town  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  has  an  6  inbabitaati.  It  is  W  of 
$toney  Point. 


Cbetfea,  ft  townfhip  in  Orange  eo.  Ver« 
mont,  coutaining  897  inhabitants. 

Cbiago,  a  river  which  empties  into  the 
S  part  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  the  N-  W, 
Territory.  The  head  waters  of  this  riv« 
er  interlock  with  the  waters  of  the  Illi- 
nois river.  The  government  of  the  U.  S, 
has  lately  determined  to  ereift  a  fort  at 
Cbiago,  on  the  mouth  of  this  river,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Lake,  and  another  (fort  hat 
already  been  built  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  two  rivers  above  named.  Thefe  will 
complete  a  chain  of  forts  and  garrifons, 
from  Fort  Adams,  below  the  Natchez  to 
Niagara,  through  the  heart  of  the  Wed- 
ern  country.  The  number  of  troop$ 
that  garrifon  thefe  forts, arc  notfufficient 
to  repel  a  formidable  enemy,  but  to  keep 
in  fubjedlion  and  awe  the  natives  of  the 
wildernefs,  whofe  enmity  has  ceafed  to  be 
the  terror  of  Americans.  The  Company 
of  Infantry  who  it  to  build,  and  garrifon 
the  fort  at  Cbtago,  arrived  there  lafl  fum- 
mer.  The  warriors  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  that  place  colIe(5led  together  and 
told  the  commanding  offlcer  th.it  it  would 
be  againft  their  confent  if  the  fort  was 
ereifted,  and  if  he  perfevered  in  building, 
they  would  eolle<5t  3  or  400  of  their  warri- 
ors and  oppofe  their  defign.  The  cfliccr 
replied  that  he  was  fent  there  by  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  to  build  a 
fort,  and  he  fliould  proceed  on  with  .nil 
pofllble  difpatch.  And  thus  the  bufintfa 
it  is  fuppol'cd  will  terminate. 

Chili,  extends  from  the  uninhabited 
parts  of  Atacama,  which  divides  it  from 
Peru  N,  to  the  Illes  de  Chiloc  on  the  S, 
and  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  W  to  the 
foot  of  the  Andes  or  Cordilleras.  It  it 
divided  into  two  biflioprtcks  or  provin- 
ces, St.  Jago,  and  Conception,  each  of 
which  has  an  Intendent.  St.  Jago  is  the 
capital  of  Chili ;  it  was  founded  in  1541, 
and  contains  30,500  inhabitants.  About 
a  million  of  fpecie  is  annually  coined  in 
this  city.  The  fubordinate  cities  in  thit 
great  kingdom,  are  Coquimbo,  Chilian, 
Conception,  and  Valdivia  ;  and  the  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Valparaifo,  Capiapo,  Val- 
lenar,  St.  Francifco  de  Borja,  St.  Raphael 
de  la  Rofa,  La  Ligua,  Quillota,  Los  An- 
des, Mellipilla,  St.  Jofeph,  Acongua,  St, 
Ferdinand,  Curico,  Taica,  Linores,  Nue- 
va,  Bilhoa,  and  Caugcres.       Vancouver. 

Cinthiana,  a  town  in  Harrifon  co.  Ke&« 
tucky,  containing  87  inhabitants. 

Coeneeub,  a  river  of  Florida,  which  fallt 
into  Penfacola  bay,  which  it  an  excellent 
harbour.    The  river  it  navigable  withii^ 


m 


("^^ 


FRE 


FRE 


rtellneof  the  United  StatM.  VefTtlg.wIiich 
cir.ku'  luit  more  t!iiii  21  feet  of  w.itLr, 
may  lalV ly  crof*  the  bar  at  any  time  Tlie 
burik^  (.f  the  river  arc  iuiiiiJ.itcd,  a  large 
|M>rti(in  Mi'  every  fpriiiy,  inim  its  muiitl) 
m.'.iiy  mil  >>  above  tlit-  S  line  oi  t!ie  U.  S. 
witli  the  cxeeptio:>  of  a  very  few  places. 

Ceti-lii-/?^-r,  Conncifv'cut.  Tti  Ivov.  1S03, 
an  aciikni y  l)v  tlic  name  of .'//.«» ^  ailetify, 
Vi'in  <n>i;ni;d  in  thi-j  town.  fcr.  the  ae- 
ooinir.odatiop.  of  the  feliolars,  a  1..  ge,cle- 
;aii>  hriek  buiKlitig  l.iis  lice  1  < T'-Clei',  75 
y  .54  fc'Ct  in  U/c,  aiul  ,;  fiories  li'jih.  It 
it.  divide  J  ii  to  a  l\)aeimi.^  itall,  ami  cin- 
v-;nicnt  ap:'.riru-r't J  for  t'lj  diiiercnt 
i;r,iuchc,s  of  iiiftruclion.  Tlie  funds  of 
tU(  Infhtu'.ion,  iunouiit  ;ci  36,000  do'Iu'i. 

C7c./^■^t■;■,  enters  the  K:jiiha\/a  on  t'ic 
W  fide  ahotit  ,50  inil-;s  from  Its  inoulh. 
Its  letigtli  is  about  ico  miles. 

C'lc's  Cf.vi,  a  fottleiri'rot  In  Mi'Hiippi 
trrrritory,  Picltfrir.g  eii.  roiuainlng  14^3 
inhahitaiiti. 

CoitcurJ,  a  town  in  C;ih;u  ras  co.  I>.  C.ir- 
oliiiii,  containing  ^^  iuhalj.tants. 


n. 


D 


^r.F.RFir..LP,  a  townfliip  of  Oneida 

CO.  K.  Yi>rl-,  on  t!ie  I  ''oIi.-'v.-Il  Riv.-r,  op- 
ponte  Utier..     It  has  ic.(8  inh;  !)itaut8. 

Djivcniry,  f.iiicnd'.red  to  the  BriliHi, 
Sept.  iji,  iSpj.  ,    , 

E 

J^LTZAnEril  I'OIVN,  is  fitnated  in 

llarden  co.  Kcniucky,  and  contains  j;6  in- 
h;;bitant8. 

EU'icuttfviUe,  a  town  in  the  MiiTifippi 
territory,  Pickering  co.'containiug  j6  in- 
habitants. 

Tif/n-ranzJ,  a  villajjc  on  the  W  fide  of 
Hudfon  river,  oppofitc  Hudfcn  city.    See 

EJf^qucho.  fiirrcnikred    to  the  Britifli, 

F 

Fair  chills,  a  fettlcmcnt  in  the 
MifVifippi  territory,  Fickering  co.  contain- 
ing 3 ;  J  inhabitants. 

F7h-oiith,  a  town  in  Pendleton  co.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  40  inliabitants. 

ircri-.in,  a  plantation  on  Sebafticook 
fiver,  Kennebcck  co.  Maine,  containing 
3J4  inhabitaiils. 

IREDp^^IA'   UQder  thig  new  generic 

^'P       '      ^ '    "   . 


name  '  is  eotnprehcndcd  the  v  '  ole  Ttr» 
ritory  now  under  tlic  government  of  the 
tbiitcd  Staten  ;  bound' d  N  by  Tipper  and 
.  V  rr  C.ir.ad.i,  L  by  N.  IJninb.ick  and 
<h  i:!antic  Ocean,  S  by  I'lorid.i  and  the 
(iulfiir  Mexl  >,  W  by  N.  Mexirti  and 
the  !^lii:iing  Mi  unt;iins,  which  divide  the 
ncfl.i-n  w.iteru  'if  the  Miflfii'ppi.  froin 
tliofe  which  f.dl  into  the  Pi'  ifie  Ocean. 
'I'lila  T».i-  itnry  lies  bctvvei  n  J.)  and  ^O  N 
I  It.  and  66. 'lid  116  W  Ion.  I'loni  Gnen- 
\i'ii.h.  Its  extreme  Li  ^tli  (r  ,.n  F.  to  \V 
i  i  iijiwrirds  of  20(  o  miitii,  and  its  ixtrcinc 
brcachh  iibont  i^oo.  Ir  's  tftimatcd  to 
euiKaiii  ne.ifly  3.OO0.DCO  fi^uarc  miles, 
wh'ch  in  fourfiftis  as  niariy  a's  are 
e:)i.taincd  in  all  F.uropc.  It  is  about 
twee  the  five  of  ths  Chincfe  Empire, 
aa.l  if  wc  except  RuIUa,  it  is  by  fir  the 
lavjjell  territory  on  earth,  vliofe  in- 
iiab.rr.nts  live  ur.dcr  the  fame  general 
'government.  The  Miffuippi  river 
c.ivldes  Frc.hnia  nearly  in  iti  Cfntic, 
l':a\ing  1,000,000  fqi'are  miles  t  of  it,  in 
the  ;iiefent  U.  Slates, and  nearly  tfce  fame 
ni  r.iher  of  fquarc  milc»  W  of  it.  The 
vi.Ie,  if  it  may  be  fo  calltd,  between  the 
Ailcghafiy  and  Sliining  Monataitis,  which 
i..  interfiled  by  the  MifTifippi,  and  wa- 
tered by  its  numerous  r.nd  large  caftern 
and  wcKern  biuaehcs,  cunt.iins  neatly  a 
inillic.i  and  a  half  fcpiare  miles,  and  may 
be  r..ekoned  among  the  flneft  portions 
of  the  globe.  Fi\'h;iij  ha.s  a  fea  coafl  of 
many  thoufaiid  ni  les  in  extent,  along 
which  are  but  few  illands  of  much  import- 
ance, but  full  of  harbours,  many  of 
tliem  equal  to  any  in  the  wgrtd.'  Its 
mountains,  lakes,  and  rivers,  are  all  upon 
a  large  feale.  Its  climate  and  foil  are 
adapted  loalnioftallthe  variety  of  produc- 
tions which  the  eaith  affords.  Over  the 
vafi  furface  of  Predonia  are  fcattered,  in 
fome parts  (particularly  K.Engl^nd)  thick- 
ly, but  generally  very  fparfely,  about  five 
millions  anda  half  of  mhabitants,  cxclufivc 
of  Indians,  a  feventb  part  ofvhom  are  in 
flavcry.  The  /'rf..'on/anj,cxcept  the  aborigi- 
nal inhabitants,  and  the  negroes  imported 
from  Afric,i,andtheirdcfccndants  of  every 
fliade,  art-  a  people  collti^cd  from  almoft 
every  nation  in  Europe,  and  tlieir  poftcr- 
jlv.  A  part  of  Frfi/onia,  which  fliould 
h:vebeen  introduced  under  the  head  of 
Loui/i.i/ia,  but  accidentally  omitted  in  its 
plaec,  is  here  fobjoined. 

General  dtfcription    nf   Vppir    Louiftana, 
"  When  compared  with  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, 

•  rlii  ri-akii\c  t'l'i  ;iilo)iriii.t  rli":s  name  are  men- 
tiuiicil  ill  tlwiJitiattf,  whicli  lee. 


FRE 


FllE 


ritory,thc  fare  of  the  coiiutrv  in  Upper 
Liiuiiuna  i.  rather  more  brolctn,  chi)ii}',h 
the  loii  in  equally  fenilt. •   It  ij  a  f.icl  not 
to  be  ciiutcded,  that  tl»c  W   liile  of  rlic 
^^^rcr  poiKH'tB  fomf  »dv miagit,  not  ;;•  nr- 
rally  iiui.knt  to  thofe  rcjjion',.     It  is  cU-  j 
vatcil  and  healiliy,  iml  wlU  w.itcrcd  v.iili  ! 
a  variity  of  lirjji*  r.ipid  (lr<.airi«,  ial(  ulat-  | 
ed    for    mill*    anil    otiior    v.';it.  r  work*.  ; 
From  cape  Giraiidciii,  above-  tUc  nioiitU  i 
of  the  Oliij,  \'>  ihc  Mil!'i>uil,  tlr.'  lami  on  ; 
the  L  fidcof  tli«*Mil'iiii>pi  i,  low  .11.  I  flat,  ] 
and  occafiiin  illy  ixpoltd  to  imiudntioiu  ;  j 
that  on  the  I.()iiifi->na  lidc   con,!  uiuis  to  1 
the   ri/tT,  i»  iitii.r.illy   miicli  lii;.    i"  uiid 
in  many  plac.s  v.iy    10  Wy  <<i)  tli.     ••')rf. 
Some  ot  the  hii'^ht*  tx^ib  t  a  l"cc:i  '/ 

picliircfiiiie.      rlity  lilc  to  a  lui  .u 

Icall  30a  feet,  fLictd   with    pirpei^   .  ular 
lim.-  and  frLv/luiii:,    carved     into    various 
fliapfs  -"nd  %iircs  by  1  !ic  hand  of  ntture, 
audalTo'-d  the  apptaraiicc  ol  a  inr.hltudj 
of  antiqiu  towcti*  !  I'lotn  the  tops  ol  thru; 
elevations,  the  land  j^raditdly  (lopt,  bxi  k 
from  the  river,  without  j^rivcl  or  rod., 
and  is  covered  witn  valuable   timbi'r.    It 
may  br  faid  with  tiuth  that,  fur  fertility 
of  foil,  na  part  of  the  world  <  xcccds  the 
borders  ofthc  Midifippi  •  the  land  yithU 
an  abundance  of  all  the  ntcciraricN  of  lil'e 
and  alnioll  Iponrancoully  ;  vcr}   little  la- 
bour bein;^  rtquired   in  tin-    mitivation 
of  the  earth  !  That  part  of  Upper  Louifia- 
na,  wliicli  borders    on    New    Mexico,  is 
one  imm'jnfe  f'mirie  ,-  it  produces  nothi  i;; 
but  grals  ;  it  is  filled  with  buftaloc,  deer, 
andotl'c  r  Hudsof^'ame;  the  land  is  rtpre- 
fented  as  too  rich  for  the  growth  of  tortft 
trees.      ft  is   pretended  thrit    U.  Louifi- 
ana  cintains  in  i's  bowels  many  filver  and 
copper   mines,  and  various  fpecimens  of 
both  are  ethibittd.      Several   trials  hr.vc 
been  made  to  afcertain  the  fae^ ;  but  the 
want  of  (kill   in   the  artifts  has  hitherto 
left    the    fubjccl    undecided.      The  fait 
works  are   aU'o  pretty  numerous  ;  fomc 
belong  to  individuals  ;  others  to  the  pub- 
lic.    They  already  yield  an  abundant  liip- 
ply  for  the  confumption  of  the  country  ; 
aiid  if  properly  managed,  might  become  an 
a  tiele  of  more  general  exportation.     '1  !ie 
ufual  price  per  builiri  it  15^  cents  in  cajb  at 
the  works.  This  price  will  be  flill  lower  as 
foon  as  the  manufacture  of  the  fait  is  af- 
funieJ  by  government,  or  pritrooized  by 
men  who  have  large  capitals  to  employ 
in  the  bufinofs.     One  extraordinary   fadl 
relative    to    fait    mufV  not    be  omitted. 
The-'e  exifts  about    looo  miles  up    the 
Mi^iburi,  and  not  far  from  that  rivcrj  a 


name  are  men- 


.9j.V  Mountain  .'/    The  cxifttncc  of  fiich  a 
mountain  mirht  well  be  t(iie.l  one.'.,  wtro 
it  not  for  tlic  teltiinory  of  fe*  eral  relppi  t- 
a'>le  ai^d  cnteriril'inj-  tr.idcrs,  wlut  liuv(! 
vificd  't,  and  wlio  have  exhibited  itvt  imI 
tiulliels  of  tlie  Jalt  to  llic  curiufity  of  tlic 
people  of  St.  Louis.  wKeie  fi'iiie  I'l  it  II  II 
rjm jin«.     A  fp'.'rimen  ot  tin'  .'auie  l.iK  ii  u» 
Inen  fciit  to  \.'.irictfa,     'I'hl-  mountain  i* 
laid  n>  lie  iJ'o  niil  ■^ 'long.  and  4  ,  in  v«i(li|i, 
cori[!oled  of  I'll'il  roek  f.ilt,  witlmut  .'.ny 
tr'  t  .,or  even  flu-ub>  en  it '!  .Salt  i'prings.'irc 
very  luinicrous  bene  ith  the  fiiil'ace  of  the 
^(.^^^"in,  ami  tlicy  How  tlirouj;!!  tiic -i.'- 
fiire:>  ai'.il    cavilu:.  »f  it.      C  ;'.v».'s   of  l:iU- 
petTL-  arj   fin.ud  in  U.  Louiliana,  t!.oi";',!i 
r.t   loi.ie    di;..!nce   iro;n  the   JettUmiitJ. 
Voiir  men  on  a  tradiui',  voviige,  Liuly  di.'- 
cov  red  die  Icvsr.'.l  huixlreu  iiiiU'sup  the 
Mii'i'uri.    'J'hey  ipcnt  5  or  0  weeks  m 
tiif.  manufacture  of  this  attlile,  ani!  re- 
turni'.'l  to  ."^t.  l.tniii  v.ich  ;o.  cv/t.  of  it.     It 
p,-.)ved  to  be  good  and  tt.cy   fold  it  IV..-  a 
lii;.;ii  price.     'T  he  ge'^graphy  i.;  ilie  MiliV- 
lippi   und   Milfouri,  and  their  continuity 
for  a  great  leiv^lh  «f  way,  are  but   litth: 
known.      The    truiers    m'lert  that,    ico 
mil<;s  above  their  juuiT^iim,  ;'.  m.-.n  ciny 
WAik  from  one  to  the  other  in  a  d.iy  ;   an  J 
it  if  flill  iiilerleditlnit  700  laiics  llill  liiylicr 
up,  the   ])ort.tgc  may  be  crciled  in -i  or  ; 
da/-.  Tlii»p,'n;tjje  i.l'rciiiu'nttjdbytradcr:*, 
wiio  carry  oti  a  conrulerablc  tr.ide  with 
foine    of   the    Miffouri    Indian*.      Their 
general   rout:-    i^i    tlirough   Gre'-n    Hay, 
wliiih  is  an  :.r;n  of  1  akc  Michigan  ;  they 
then  pafs  inio  a  fmall  lake  coniiccl-'il  with 
it,  ard  wliieh  communicates  with  tlie  Vox 
river  ;  they  then  cvofs  over  a  fl;ort  port- 
age   intc)    tlie  Ouiftonlinjj    river,  which 
unites  with   the  MifTifippi  fome  diftance 
b(  low  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony.     It  is  alfo 
faid  that  the  traders  communicate  with 
the  Miflifippi    above  thele  falh,  through 
Lake   Superior,  but  their  trade  in  that 
quaiter  is  much  lel's  confiderable." 

Jcfnfirt. 
The  great  difTerence  in  climate,  in  the 
m^des  of  obtaining  fubfiftcnce.inl  ngu?gc, 
religion,  and  political  opinions,  and  con- 
fequently  in  the  feelings  and  interefts  of 
the  inhabitants,  throughout  this  valf  ter- 
ritory, may  for  e\  er  prevent  any  great 
fimilatity  of  chara(£ler.  The  unavoidable 
induffry  and  hardihood  of  the  N.  will  al- 
ways lorm  a  h.arfli  contraft  to  the  cafe 
and  indulgence  of  the  S.  What  cfFed: 
however,  a  generic  name  would  have 
in  formir.g  a  uniform  national  chara«5fer, 
I  in  defiance  of  ail  thele  obdacles,  remains 

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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14980 

(716)872-4503 


4. 


&> 


A 


\ 


to  DC  tried.  Such  a  name  has  long  Been  a 
deflderatum.  To  furnifli  a  fpecimen, 
from  which  may  be  perceived  the  advan- 
tage and  convenience  of  fuch  a  name,  is 
the  whole  defign  of  this  article. 


KjrSRMANTovun,  is  fituated  in  bracken 

CO.  Kentucky,  and  contains   8i  inhabit- 
auts. 

Grt:n  Bay,  on  lake  Michigan,  contains 
50  fouls. 


Ha 


'AJiDMNSBUSG,ttotrn  in  Bracken* 

fidge  CO.  Kentucky,  containing  49   in- 
habitants. 

Homo  Cbitte,  a  fcttlement  in  the  Mifli- 
lippi  territory,  Adams  cu.  containing  763 
inhabitants. 

l&J 

XNDIAN  River,  a  town  in  Suflex  co. 

^Delaware,  containing  1547  inhabitants. 

Irtdtll,  a  townihip  in  Tcncfl'ec,  Knox 
to.  containing  i  inhabitant. 

Izaviaty  a  fcttlement  on  Red  river,  in 
Louiiiana,  75  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
30  above  the  mouth  of  Black  liver.  It  is 
the  firit  high  land  that  will  admit  of  fct- 
tlement, on  account  of  the  overilownig 
of  the  river.  It  is  called  an  ifl.iud,  and  is 
fo  at  high  water  :  it  is  a  beautiful  prairie, 
on  the  S  fide  of  Red  river,  about  ao  miles 
in  length,  and  4  or  5  in  breadth,  of  an 
oval  form,  furmunded  with  tliick  wood, 
interfperfed  with  handfome  clumps  of 
trees,  tufted  over  with  ^ne  grafs,  and  fet- 
tled all  round  the  edge  in  a  circular  form. 
Their  fields  are  in  the  prairie,  in  front 
of  their  houfes,  and  the  centre  of  the  pra- 
irie (which  is  not  cultivated)  is  covered 
with  cattle  qra  very  large  fize.  In  the 
month  of  ^iarch.  1803,  the  number  of 
families  was  296.  The  land,  when 
ploughed,  has  a  very  rich  appearance,  and 
produces  corn  and  cotton  abundantly, 
but  not  to  be  compared  to  the  river  lands, 
or  the  Apalula  or  Tuckepa  prairies. 

Sibley. 

yamejhn,  a  town  of  Martin  co.  N.  Car- 
olina, containing  69  inhabitants. 

Jarmington,  a  town  in  Hyde  co.  N.  Car- 
olina, containing  46  inhabitants. 

'Jtfftrfon,  a  town  in  the  Miflifippi  ter- 
ritory, WaChingtoa  co.  containing  473  ia- 
habitantt. 


MAS 

JoHUfSt.i.  town  in  Kent  co.  Delaware  | 
containing  ij  86  inhabitants. 


iLlNtSTON,   a  town    in  TenefTee, 
Knox  county,  containing  77  inhabitants. 


M^'AiGL£,  a  townfliipofthe  Indiana 

Territory,  St.  Cbir  co.  having  250  fouls. 

Lnuit  and  Rebobotb,  a  town  in  SuflcX 
county,  Delaware,  containing  1514  iuhab« 
itants. 

Little  Greet,  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Dela' 
ware,  containing  1908  inhabitants. 

Little  Creek,  a  town  in  Suficx  co.  Dela' 
Ware,  containing  2164  inhabitants* 

LouifvilU,  a  town  in  JcfTtrfon  co.  Ken' 
tucky,  containing  359  inhabitants. 

Lumberton,  a  town  in  Robcfon  co.  lit 
Carolina,  containing  173  inhabitants. 

JvLALDONADO,  a  town  fituated  near 

the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  in  the 
province  of  Montevideo,  about  one  mils 
diftant  from  its  port,  which  is  tolerably 
good,  and  capable  of  receiving  the  largest 
fhips.  The  houfes  are  built  of  brick,  and 
have  uniformly  flat  roofs,  made  of  flat 
tiles  and  overlaid  with  lime  mortar,  one 
ftory  high.  Six  miles  diftant  from  Mal- 
donado,  in  the  country,  is  another  village 
called  Villa  Nueva,  a  pleafant  little  place. 
Maldonado  has  no  foreign  trade.    Forejl. 

Maris  St.  Fort,  (lands  on  a  point  of  land 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Apalachy  and 
another  dream.  Lat.  30  8  29  N.  The 
fort  is  of  hewn  limeildne  ;  the  country 
round  is  almoft  as  level  as  the  waters  in 
the  bay.  When  the  tide,  wliich  rifes 
about  a  or  3  feet,  is  aided  by  a  S  W  wind, 
the  lands  adjacent  are  overflown.  The 
foil  is  2  or  3  feet  deep,  and  lies  on  a  hor- 
izontal bed  of  limenone.  About  half  aa 
acre  round  the  fort  is  raifed  above  the 
tide,  for  a  garden.  Ellicott. 

Majfacre  JJle,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
W.  Florida,  now  the  eaftern  divifion  of 
Louifian;^,  about  ai  miles  long,  and  3 
broad.  It  received  its  name  from  the 
colony  of  Frenchmen,  who  firft  landed 
here,  in  about  1718.  They  obfcrved  an 
unufual  tminence,  which,  on  examination, 
proved  to  be  an  enormous  pile  of  human 
bones,  and  on  inquiry,  were  informed  that 
a  coDQucccd  tribe  of  Iftdivu  who  repair- 


a  ri^ver  c 
into  the 
fide,  in  tl 
V«i.  I. 


MON 


NAT  " 


Delaware « 


Teneflctj 
habitants. 


e  Tndiatu 

350  fouls. 

in  SuITcX 

5l4iiihab* 

CO.  Dela' 

lilts. 

CO.  Dela' 
int8< 

a  CO.  Ken' 
ints. 

:fon  CO.  iit 
litaiits. 


uatcd  near 

■lata,  in  the 
ut  one  mila 
is  tolerably 
g  the  largeft 
f  brick,  and 
lade  of  flat 
mortar,  one 
from  Mal- 
>ther  village 
little  place, 
ide.    Forejl. 
oint  of  land 
lalachy  and 
i9N.    The 
he  country 
e  waters  in. 
which  rifes 
1  S  W  wind, 
lown.    The 
es  on  a  hor- 
out  half  an 
above  the 
Ellieott. 
the  coaft  of 
diviiion  of 
ong,  and  3 
e  from  the 
firll  landed 
obfcrved  an 
ixamination, 
le  of  human 
iformed  that 
who  rcpalr- 


W  here  for  fafcty,  were  purfued  by  their 
cbemics,  flain,  and  their  dead  bodies  bu- 
ried in  this  pile.  They  afterward  chang- 
ed the  name,  and  called  it  Dauphin  IJle. 
.  Mateptdiacb  Late  and  JHwr,  in  Lower 
Canada.  The  river  is  a  northern  branch 
of  Riftigouche  river.  The  lake,  which 
)ias  the  fhape  of  a  tree,  gives  rife  to  the 
river,  and  lies  about  half  \y  between 
the  rivers  St.  l^awrence  ami  Riftigouchc. 

Mjyfvilie,  a  town  in  M afon  co.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  1.^7  iaiiubitants. 

Melborne,  a  townfliip  on  the  S  W  ban'i 
of  St.  Francis  river,  oppolite  Shipton,  con- 
taining about  150  fouls. 

MicbiUimakinak,cy^n^z\ai^li^  fouls.  .See 
MicbiUimakinak.      On  the   I  ft  of  Auguftj 
1800,  were  here  from  Canada,  300  boat-' 
men. 

Milier/iiir/r,  a  towrt  in  Bourbon  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  91  inhabitants. 

Minden,  a  towiidiip  of  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  Mohawk  river,  E  of 
German  flats.     It  has  2928  inhabitants. 

Mifcoiu,  an  ifland  about  10  miles  long 
and  6  wide,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
forming  the  S  £  point  of  Chaleur  Bay. 

Mijtftppi.  See  a  defcription  of  it  un- 
der the  head,  Louifuna. 

MifpiUtn,  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Delaware, 
containing  5236  inhabitants. 

Mittbel,  a  townfhip  in  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, Randolph  cok  containing  334  fouls. 

JHon/on,  iS'c.  read  W  of  HrimJieU. 

MoHttviJeo,  (name  of  the  city  is  St,  Fe- 
lipe^ it  is  a  walled  city.ntuated  on  a  fmall 
peninfula  in  the  province  of  Montevideo, 
of  which  it  is  the  feat  of  the  government, 
and  is  the  only  naval  port  the  Spani.irds 
have  in  that  country,  and  this  is  but  an 
indifferent  one  for  fhips  of  war.  The 
houfcs  are  built  like  thofe  of  Maldonado, 
and  contain  about  8000  inhabitants. 
Mod  of  the  SpaniHi  merchantmen  take 
in  their  cargoes  for  Europe  here,  they 
being  fcnt  down  in  lighters  from  Buenos 
Ayres.  This  little  city  has  a  large  and 
flrong  citadel,  and  is  otherwife  well  for- 
tified, and  indeed  was  it  not,  the  dilFicuI- 
ty  of  approaching  it  for  want  of  water 
for  fhips  of  war,  renders  it  nearly  fecure 
from  an  attack  by  fea.  It  is  about  100 
miles  E  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  nearly  the 
fame  diftancc  W  of  Maldonado,  and  is 
governed  by  a  navy  ofHccr  of  the  rank 
of  a  Commodore.    Lat-  34  55.      Forijf. 

Montmorency,  Falls  c/,  are  fituated  upon 
a  river  of  the  fame  name,  which  empties 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  on  its  N  eaflerly 
lide,  in  the  diftriift  of  Beaupour,  L.  Can- 

Vtt.i.  Pppp 


ada,  about  3  leagnes  below  Qiirbcr,  and!    . 
from  their  beauty,  majMiificeiict,   inul  if- 
tonidiing  height,   merit   the  attention  i<f 
the  admirers  of  nature      'I  lie  falU  !'rf'  dil- 
i  nt  about   JO  rods  from  the  coiifiuernce 
of  the  Montmorency  with  the    St.  J,aw- 
rencc,   and   may   he  diftinifkiy  viewed  .is 
you   fail   down    the    latter   livtr.      The 
b.inks   of  the    river    M.)ntmoronry   are 
perl'eifliy   perpendicular  both  below  and 
above  the  falls,  and  are  compofcd  of  ayi/it  . 
Jlone,  rcfcnibliiig  in  colour  and  texture,  th« 
ftuncs   brought   and  fo   much   cftteined, 
from  the  Coiinet^icut   river.     This  f<:ft- 
ncfs  of  the  fl(m'  s,  :ind  the  rapidity  of  the 
current,  have  occafioncd  the  moft  ptrfedt 
regularity  in  the  banks,  which  are  nearly 
as  fmooih  as  if  they  h;id   been  under  the 
hand  of  an  artiff.      The  river   does  not 
exceed    50   yards  in  width  ;  but  the    ra- 
pidity of  it  IS  fuch,  that  the  body  of  wa- 
ter, which  is  precipitated  over  the  fails,  is 
very  gie.it.     About  .50 feet  above  the  per- 
pendicular cafcade,  the  water   b'gins    to 
tumble  over  rocks  at  an   angle  of  about 
45  degrees,  till  it  arrives  to  its  great  leap, 
where  it  falls  in  one  unbroken,  ur.inter- 
rupted  flicef,  to  the  bottom.     The  heij'.hc 
of  the  perpendicular  fall  has  been  diftimH:- 
ly  meafurcd,  which  may   be  done  witii 
much  more  accuracy  than  thofe  of  Ni;i- 
gara,  and  from  the  refult  of  the  nr.niw- 
raiion  it  is  alcertained,  that  the  height  is 
at  leaft  240  feet,  and  is  probably  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  hitherto   difcover- 
ed.  Thefe  falls  may  be  viewed  to  more  ad- 
vantage than  any   other  in  America,  iis 
Gen.  Haldeman,  when  governor  of  Can- 
ada, ercdVed   a  fummer  houfe,  which  by 
means  of  long  fills  upon  the  bank,  is  pro- 
jeAed  diredlly  over  the  liver,  and  within 
a  few  feet  of  the  falls.     If  thefe  falls  are 
inferior  to  thofe  of  Niagara,  in  point  of 
grandeur  and   fublimity,  they  certainly 
rival  them  in  beauty,  and  excel  them  in 
height.     They  will  therefore   be  vifited 
by  all  travellers  into  this  part  of  Ameri- 
ca, who  are  admirers  of  the    ftupcndous 
and  wonderful  works  of  the  God  of  na- 
ture. John  Lor^vfll,  Efv, 

Mount  Sterling,  z.  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Kentucky,  containing  8  ;  inhabitants. 

MunlMill,  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Dela- 
ware, containing  7 114  inhabitants. 


•»! 


N 


JSl  ANTICOKE,  a  town  in  Suflcjt  ca 
Delaware,  containing  1832  inhabitants. 
Nat.i'itz,  a  diltfict  on  the  E  fide  of  the 

Mi(&fippi, 


'  »i 


in 


1.!^ 


Ili 


KAT 


O'ZA 


Mfflinppi,  about  lat.  31  js  N.    Th«  j|6od 
land  is  abuut  130  miles  in  length,  23  broad, 
but  hilly,  and  liable  to  fufFer  by  the  foil  of 
the  hilU  wafliing  into  the  valUes.    Cotton 
it  the  (laple  commodity.  Indian  corn  of  an 
excellent  quality  is  raifed,  planted  from 
the  beginning  of  March  to  July.    Oranges 
and    lemons    are    pl|!nly.       From    the 
mounds  or  tumuli  it  is  eridcnt  this  was 
once  a  very  populous  country.    In  every 
quarter  where  the  ground  has  been  brok- 
en, remnants  of  earthen  veffels  are  found. 
Cattle  are  numerous ;    onp   farmer  has 
fome  times  i  or  -jo  or  more.    The  cows 
yield  lafs  and  poorer  milk  than  thofe  of 
New  England,  and  the  wool  of  their  fheep 
is  hairy.  EUicat.    With  St.  Catherine  this 
<li(lri(Sk   contained  1696    inhabitants    in 
1800.    The  aboriginals  of  the  Natchez 
give,  among  other  thingF,  the  following  inf 
ibrmation  concerning  thcmfelves.  "  Be- 
fore we  came  here  we  lived  ysnder  under 
the  Totting  fun."     Perhaps    in    Mexico 
•'  1"he  country  was  fine,  we  maintained  a 
v/arfare  with  the  ancients  of  the  country, 
who  fubdued  fom»  of  our  villages.    Our 
people   extended    thcnifclvps    along  the 
great  water,  where  this  river  lofos  itfelf. 
2atour  enemies  being  numerous  and  wick- 
ed, our  Hum  "or  princes"  fciit  perfons  to 
find  a  countr)'  where  wc   might  retire. 
They  found  a  plcafant  region  on  the  K 
fide  of  thin  river.    Wc  wet  e  ordered  to  re- 
move into  this  land,  to  build  a  temple  and 
tu  prcfcrve  th«  eternal  fire.     But  the  an- 
cients, our  cnemicf,  falling  into  divifions, 
our  Suns  and  a  part  of  our  people  remain- 
ed. After  many  generations  their  defcend- 
ants  joined  us,  when  we  were  multiplied 
like  the  leaves  of  the  trf:cs.    Novy  warri- 
ors of  iirc,  vyho  made  the  earth  to  trem- 
ble, had  arrived  in  our  old  country,  and 
conquered  our  ancient  enemies.    'I'hefe 
warriors  of  fire  were  bearded,  white  men, 
who  carried  arms  which  darttfd  fire  with  a 
great  noifc,  and  killed  men  at  a  great  dif- 
tanre  ;  they  had  heavy  arms  which  killed 
many  at  once,  and  like  thunder  made  the 
earth  treqibie.    Thiey  came  from  the  fif- 
ing f\m  in  floating  village?.    'J  he  ancients, 
whom  they  fubdued,  inhabited  ffom  the 
wcdern  coad  of  the  great  water,  to  the 
countries  on  this  0de  (he  fun,  ainton  this 
coafl:  beyond  the  fun.  Th^ir  villages  verei 
many  and  large,  built  of  ftone,  in  which 
were    houfes,  that  would    hold  a  whole 
village.    Their  temples  were  great,  and 
their  works  beautiful."    To  the  inquiry 
whence  are  ye  come  ?   The  anfwer  was, 
«  The  ancient  fpecch  does  not  fay  from 


what  land ;  all  we  knew  is',  thif  onr  f*< 
thers,  to  come  here,  fdllowed  the  fun,  and 
came  from  the  place  where  he  rifes ;  tbejT 
were  long  on  the  journey  ;  they  Were 
near  perifliing,  and  were  brought  to  (hi« 
country  without  feeking  it."  s^me  maV, 
perhaps,  fuppofe  that  the  Natches  have 
their  defcent  from  the  Phcnecians,bec»>ulef 
like  them,  they  have  a  facred  regard  for 
the  eternal  fire,  like  theirs,  their  fUle  i!$ 
boldly  figurative,  and  like  them  th^  fcalp 
their  enemies.  Dk  Fr<tt%. 

Ntutral  Territory,  lies  between  the  prov- 
inces of  Montivideo  and  Rio  Grande,  40 
leagues  in  breudth  from  N  to  S,  bounded 
£  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  extending 
W  as  far  as  the  Rh  Teragtuiy.  That  part 
which  lies  between  Lake  Merim  and  the 
ocean,  is  almoft  a  perfect  plain,  covered 
with  grafs,  oh  which  feed  numerous  \itrin 
of  deer  and  wild  horfes,  perhaps  3  01^ 
400,000  of  the  latter.  Here  are  no  run? 
nir<g  llreamt,  apd  no  trees,  ppr  Holies^ 
hill",  or  vallies.  Foreft. 

Netuark,  a  townlhip  of  EfTez  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  39  inhabitants^ 

Nnvport,  a  town  in  Campbell  co.  Ken> 
tucky,  containi|ig  106  inhabitant). 

Nnvton,  a  town  in  Nicholas  ca  Ken* 
tuchy,  containing  6%  inhabitants. 

NicljoliifvilU,  a  town  in  Jcflamine  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  13  inhabitants. 

North  Hampton,  a  townfliip  in  Mont^ 
gonicry  co,  N.  York,  embracing  th6  Sa- 
contlago  R.  about  20  miles  N  W  of  Balf- 
town  Sprbgs ;  contaii^ing  990  inhabit- 
ants. 


\JPEB,  on  the  Illinois  river,  conlaiaa 

100  inhabitants. 

Ozat,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  Lpoifiali^ 
who  inhabit  a  prairie  between  Red  river 
and  a  branch  of  the  Miflburi,  at  three 
remarkable  large  fprings.  Th^y  formeiv 
ly  confided  of  near  aooo  warriors,  but 
nearly  two  thirds  of  them  were  dcftroved 
by  the  fmali  pox  a  few  ytars  ago.  They 
are  infize  gigantic,  and  ip  difpofition  cruel 
and  ferocious  :  they  are  al\vays  at  war 
^with  their  Indian  neighbours,  and  are  in- 
veterate enctnics  of  all  white  people,  parw 
ticularly  the  Spaniards.  More  thart 
30  years  ago,  an  attempt  was  made  by  the 
Spaniards  to  refettle  this  cpuntry;  for 
this  purpofe,  fome  priefls,  a  com{KinT  of 
foldiers,  and  a  number  of  families  witn  s 
rich  outfet,  repaired  thither.  They  ha4 
becu  there  but  a  fliort  time,  before  the 


RBM- 


ST. 


contains 


dtn  fell  npoh  theih  and  totally  d'eftroycd' 
f  hem.  Nu  attjctnpt  has  lince  been  nVade 
^0  fettle  it.  Siiley. 

p       • 

PeNCADER.H  town  in  New  Caftlc 

|CQ.  Delaware,  containing  aijx  inhabit- 
ants. 

PtHe  RiJj^e,  a  fettlemcnt  in  the  Mifli- 
iippi  territory,  Adams  cq.  contains  izj 
inhahitai>(s. 

Flymoutb,  MalTacinifetts.  The  following 
additions  and  corrcdlions  were  received 
after  t\\\t  article  was  printed  in  tlic  body 
of  the  work.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
is  3514.  There  are  two  handfome  meet-  j 
ing  houfes,  anda  banking  houfe,  in  the  ! 
town;  the  capital  of  the  bank  is  100,000 
dollars.  A  ftagc  goes  three  tiir.cs  ina  week 
to  Bollon.  All  .iqiicdudt  for  bringing 
frefli  water  into  town  for  dome  Hie  iil'c 
was  completed  in  1796.  The  inhabit- 
ants annually,on  the  22  of  Dec.  religioufly 
celebrate  the  landing  of  their  Pilgrim 
Fathers.  Several  diips  and  brigs  are 
owned  here,  and  coniiderable  quantities  of 
fifli  are  frequently  purchal'cd  at  Bo(h>n 
and  exported  from  Plymouth. 

Port  IVUliamy  a  town  in  Gallatin  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  213  inhabitants. 

Praire^  de  Itocte,  a  towndkip  in  the  In- 
diana Territory,  Randolph  co.  contains 
212  inhabitants. 

Praire  due  Chien,  on  the  Miflifippl,  con- 
tains 65  inhabitants. 

PrcJIoiiJlury,  a  town  in  Eloyd  co.  Ket>- 
tucky,  containing  6  inhabitants. 

Pr'mceUii,  a  towu  in  Northanipton  cp. 
]^.  Carolina,  cdnt&ihing  22  inhabitants. 

Puerto  de  St,  Pedro,  a  to\yn  of  Brazil,  lat. 
31  6  S,on  the  S  fide  of  Rio  prande,on  a 
fandy  plain  near  its  moutl).  It  (;(mtains 
about  300  houfes  of  one  ftory,  Ijuilt  fome 
with  brick,  others  >vith  mud.  U  is  the 
refidence  of  the  gbvernor  of  the  pi-ovincp 
of  Rio  Grande.  Many  of  the  houfes  oh 
the  outskirts  of  the  town  are  half  buried 
in  fand.  lu  time  of  war,  there  is  a  very 
profitable  contraband  trade  carried  on 
between  the  merchants  of  this  place,  and 
the  Spaniards  of  £1  Rio  de  La  Plata. 

Forejl. 


£i)Z70Ar,  a  town  in  NewCadleco. 


R 

Delaware,  containing  872  inhabitants. 

Remfen,  H  townfliip  of  Oneida  co.  N. 
YorktEofLeyden,  which  it  adjoins.  It 
ppotaiDt  2J4  iuhalitatits. 


JiUimnJ,  a  toWn  in  Madifon  co.  Ken* 
tucky,  containing  no  inhabitants. 

i?»o  Grande,  a  large  river  of  Brazil,  nav- 
igable 2CO  miles  for  veflcls  drawing  1 1 
feet  of  water.  It  enters  the  ocean  about 
10  leagues  N  of  the  S  boundary  of  Bia?.!!. 
Wheat  and  beef  are  railed  in  the  adjacent 
country.  /"'or^. 

Jiio  Santo  Franeifco,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
S.  America,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river 
of  the  fame  name.  It  contains  about  too 
houfes  of  (lone  and  brick,  one  ftory  high- 
There  is  10  feet  of  water  OD  the  bar.  l.at. 
26  S.  fiid. 

Pcclia,:i  fmall  village  in  the  province  of 
Montevideo,  containing  about  so  brick 
houfes  <ifoHeftoiy.  It  i»  fitiirnf-d  in  the 
interior,  5  or  6  leagues  W  N  Vv  of  Cape 
St.  Mary's.  Hid. 


S. 


6 


ANDY  (.reel,  a  fettlcment  in  the  Mif- 

fifippi  tek-ritory,  A^ams  CO.  containing  640 
inhabitants. 

Santa  Catberina,  an  idand  on  the  coaft 
of  Bra/.il,  is  feparated  from  the  main  by  a 
channel  in  fpme  places  not  more  than  a 
mile  wide.  It  is  a  pleafant  and  fertile  ifl- 
and  ;  the  road  at  the  N  end  is  in  hx.  27  30 
S.  The  town  is  3  leagues  from  the  road, 
contains  about  300  houfes  of  brick,  flone, 
and  mud,  one  llory  high.  Its  principal 
tr^de  is  with  Rio  de  Janeiro.        Porrjt. 

Sumannah,  Clly  rf,  Chatham  CO.  Georgi;i, 
contains  5146  inhabitants,  of  whom  2367 
are  ilavcs. 

Seeoi^d  Greet,  a  fettlemcnt  in  the  MilTi* 
fippi  territory,  Adams  co.  containing  780 
ihhabitahts. 

Shaml>ttrf;h,  a  town  in  the  MiiTinppi 
territory,  Wafliingtoh  co.  containing  393 
inhabitants. 

Springfield,  a  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
lyentucky,  containing  163  inhabitants^ 

Stt]ii/ord,Atov/i\  of  Lincoln  co.  Kentucky, 
containing  66  iHliftbitr.nts. 

Siijte»-vlilf,a.  town  in  Ircdel  co.  N.  Caro- 
lina, containing  95  inhabitants. 

Steele,  a  town  in  the  Miilllippi  territo- 
ry, Wafliington  co.  containing  4Z0  inhab- 
itants. 

S'wattjborough,  a  town  of  Onflow  co.  N. 
Carolina,  containing  149  inhabitants. 

5/.  tberefa,  a  Spanilh  fort  ercdted  in 
the  N  E  corikcr  of  the  province  of  Mon- 
tevideo, on  an  ifthmus  of  about  half  a 
mile  wide,  formed  by  the  Ocean  on  the  i 
F.,  and  an  arm  of  Lake  Merim  on  the  N 
\V.    The  fort  is  well  fituated,  Ijirgc,  built 

OH 


*# 


WAS 


of  bcwn  (lone,  and  is  garrlfoncd  in  time 
dF  war  i>y  about  aoo  mep.  It  is  about  20 
leagues  N  £  of  Cape  St.  Mary's.    Forefl. 

W 

TvASHINCrON,  Pcnnfy!vania,form- 

tA  into  a  feparate  co.  in  the  beginning  of 

1796.    The  divifion  line  is  as  follows  ; 

"  beginning  on  the  Monongaheia  River, 


WAS 

at  the  mouth  of  Ten  m!Ic,creek,  up  faid 
creek  to  Wallace's  Mill  ;  thence  S  weft'* 
crly  to  the  ridge  between  the  N.  and  S. 
forks ;  thence  along  the  ridge  to  the 
ridge  between  Wheeling  and  Ten  mile ; 
thence  a  ftrait  line  to  the  head  of  Enlow'a 
branch  of  Wheeling  ;  thence  down  th^ 
fame  to  the  W  boundary  line  of  the  (late  ; 
thence  round  to  the  place  of  beginning." 

Harriu 


N.  B.  A  corredlion  in  the  defcription  of  Plymouth,  MafTachufctts,  with  many 
▼aluahle  articles,  received  too  late  to  be  infetted  in  the  body  of  the  work^  will  M 
found  in  the  AFfENsix.  ''i' 


;ir,'oJ    O.'IU      i^W'l  -     •    . 

-irt  ,nt.,.',„j»t^u-i<<:»  .i  *. 


!lf;. 


■.'^i»  '1. 


ri-ftl   nr,    .'xf'V^i'' 


".I:,-.  '>.:!.,     '■ 


DIRECTIONS  TO  THE  BINDER. 


(.■.!'.m«T  ' ' 
rt-.j(!UMj.'. » 


M  jVT-Vi  '"Cii   J-iW"'' 

•SjfciJI  i.     ,','ViCvM*',      '\- 


MAP  of  North  America,  to  front  Title  Page. 

.  of  the  Northern  States,  to  front  Nenu  England,  fig.  X  x. 

—  of  the  Southern  States,  to  front  Southern  States,  fig.  C  c  c  C. 

of  South  America,  to  front  America,  fig.  B. 

of  the  Weft  Indies,  to  front  Weji  Indies,  fig.  L 1 1 1. 

CHART  of  the  North  Weft  Caaft  of  America,  &c.  to  front  North  Wejt 

Coaji  of  America,  fig.  B  b  b. 
CjT  The  Binder  will  pleafe  to  notice,  that  fig.  N  n  and  O  o,  arc  on  the  fame 
half  fheet,  and  fig.  W  w  (which  fhould  have  been  Www)  follows  imme- 
diately after  fig.  N  n  n,  after  which  X  x  i,  &c.  follow  in  courfc, 


I  m 


Owl     ,v:t   .'vrt.'x^ii"  -s 


!■■» '     '  '        ■ 


ui?ii^jii;i  ^  i,.j  viViw- 


Jl 


